UC-NRLF B 3 ID^ S'lb THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESENTED BY PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID n?o A TREATISE <)X ¥ a ::( -r< ^ 1 Y AND Hia DISEASES. For explanation of numbers on this horse, s^e 2nd page. PUBLISHEB BY DR. B. J. KENDALL & CO.. EN08BUEGH FALLS, VT. THREE HUNDREDTH THOUSAND. REVISED EBITION. PUBLISHER'S ANNOUNCEMENT. We begin the issue of the 15th edition of this book, which completes the three hundredth thousand, with a feeling of great satisf;iction, for the reason that it has had a very extensive sale, considering the short time since it was first published, and also because it has given the very best of satisfaction. Thousands who have seen it commend it, and many good horsemen have extolled it in the highest of terms, even stating that they preferred it to books which CDst five or ten dollars. It contains nothing which should exclude it from the most refined fVimily, but rath> er it should be read by every body, as it teaches humane principles, and has a tendency to elevate the morals, by reminding all that ''amerciful man is merciful to his beast.'''' For the English Edition of this book address. Dr. B. J. Kendall & Co., Enosburgh Falls, Vt. For the German Edition address Lauer & Yost, 214 Woodland Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. Copyright, 1S80, by Dr. B. J. KENDALL «St Co. Enosburgh Falls, Vermont. All rights reserved. ^-' ''T^s^ — <=: THE §UKEST MANNER OF PRODUC ING CURB. 12 DYSENTERY. DEFOR^IITTES IN YOUNG COLTS, are usually canscd by an insuf- ficient nourishmont; but if the colt is taught to suck milk from a bot- tle, or something else, so as to become well nourished, deformities of the limbs will usually be removed. L)IAlvRII(EA. When this disease is not attended with pain, griping or pawing, as in colic, it will generally require no treatment, but if it continue, and the horse shows signs of pain or colic there is reason for tlie belief tliat there is some irritating poison retained in the bowels which does not pass away in the excrement. (See dysentery.) Treatment. Treatment that will allay pain is demanded. Give twenty drops of tincture of aconite root in a little water, and fol- low with a powder as given below, every three hours, until the horse is better. Take prepared chalk, five drachms; cateolm, pulverized, one drachm ; pulv. opium, ten grains; mix and give as stated above. Give plenty of good cold water to drink. When the diarrhoea is better give bran mash for a few days and add a little ground flaxseed if convenient. DYSENTERY, ACUTE. Tiiis disease in the horse is very violent, because the length and size of the intestines of the horse render any dis- ease within them a very serious aftair. Cause. Acute dysentery is caused by taking some acrid substance into the stomach, such as croton oil with aloes, which produce an inflam- matory purgation; or from the injudicious use of various poisons, such as tartar emetic, corrosive sublimate, blue vitriol, arsenic, etc. etc. Nearly all of these substances will be eaten readily if mixed with the grain, therefore any person not knowing the proper quan- tity of such poisons to give should not venture to use them. Symptoms are obscure at the commencement. As in nearly all disorders of the in- testines, so in this, there is pain in the abdomen. The pain may be slight at first or it may be so violent as to be confounded with the pangs of colic; the thirst is exces- sive; the stench offensive. The position of the body, as shown in the engraving, is expressive of abdominal pain. SUFFERING FROM THE EFFECTS OF A POWERFUL POISON. DISTEMPER. 13 Treatmeiit the same as for diarrhoea, with larger doses of opium when the pain is violent. Keep the horse and stable clean and give the horse good care. Do not be concerned about the bowels if they do not move at all for several da3'S. DISTEMPER. (Strangles.) This form of sore throat is characterized by swelling between the bones of the lower jaw, which terminates in an abscess. Cause. A specific poison in the blood, which but few horses es- cape. Treatment. The opinions of dif- ferent veterinarians vary in regard to the treatment, some recom- mending poultices while others forbid it &c., but the following plan is undoubtedly as good one as any. STKANGTES. Give grass or soft feed and but little if any medicine and if thought best to do anything to hasten the suppuration apply warm poultices, or some like blistering. The ap- petite will return when the abscess breaks or is opened. EPIZOOTIC. This disease attacks many animals at the same time, and originates in one common cause. Treatment. A few years ago, when nearly every horse in the country had this disease, hundreds were either not treated at all or improperly treated and consequently many were left in a bad condition, which they did not outgrow for months, and others died for want of proper treat- ment. At this time I was called upon to prescribe for many, and I soon found that the following powders were the very best thing I could give. Take of pulv. liquorice 1 lb., elecampane 1 lb., pulv. fenugreek 1^ lb., puly. gentian ^ lb., pulv. anise seed \ lb., ginger \ lb., black antimony | lb., pulv. saltpetre h, lb., sulphur ^ lb., epsom salts 1 lb., pulv. resin i lb., hard wood ashes h Ih., copperas k ^b., mix well and give a tablespoonful three times a day, at tirst, and then only twice each day. Every horse that took the above powders recovered fully, and none were troubled with th"e bad after effects which followed many that re- ceived no treatment. FARCY. This is a scrofulous disease affecting the horse. Symptoms. The hair looks rough and unhealthy ; one of the legs will generally swell to a very large size, generally the fore leg — hot and painful — and in a short time will break out in small running sores, discharging a thin, unhealthy fluid, and sometimes the discharge is thicker. 14 • FIRING HORSES. On the side of the neck, body or inside of the leg will be felt a thick substance under the skin V)ut somewhat elevated and hardened -and in- terrupted at distances with a small sore simihir to that on the leg. In some cases soft, puily swellings will be found about many parts of the body. Cause. Poorly ventilated stables which are overcrowded with horses ; inoculation from the virus of the gl.-mdered or farcied horses, and this virus producing a ferment in the blood. Absorption of pus into the blood is liable to produce either farcy, glanders or some other zymotic disease. Treatment. Understanding the cause of this disease you will readily see what the treatment should be— that by removing the cause the effects will cease. Give a tablespoonful of sulphite (not sulphate) of soda twice a day. This remedy will stop all fermentation and purify the blood. It would be well to continue the sulphite of soda two or three times a week for a few weeks after the horse seems to be well. After leaving off the sulphite of soda give the" tonic powders as directed in the treatment for bots, to improve the general condition of the horse. Give good and generous feed. Another plan is to give the following powders once or twice a day. Take sulphur, 8 ozs. saltpetre, 4 ozs. black antimony, 2 ozs. mix and give one tablespoonful. Another mode of treating this disease is to give three drachms of sulphate of copper every night, in the food, until the horse refuses to eat. After a few days repeat, but if the case is bad give the medicine as a drench in water, for ten days, if he will not take it in his food. The horse, as well as all, his clothing and articles used in feeding him should be removed from all healthy animals, as this is one of the contagious diseases of the horse. FIRING HORSES. I can fully indorse the following statements of Dr. Robt. Mc Clure in regard to this inhuman practice. He says — " This is an operation which is a great favorite, and in much repute among horse doctors. For my part I think it not only cruel and barbarous, but un- necessary, doing no good whatever, and in many cases a positive injury, the effects of which will never disappear from the legs or body while the animal lives. Firing is intended by its advocates to prevent and cure spavin, curbs, sprains and ring-bones by scoring the parts with a red hot iron in lines over the part that is thought will be diseased or is already so." See Cautery. FOOT DISEASES. Navicular disease. (See engraving on cover for location.) This is a serious disease, and sometimes is very obscure in its FOUNDER. 15 symptoms, according to the stage of the disease. Fortunately this dis- ease is rarely met with, but it is a fruitful cause of permanent lame- ness. It is many times attributed to some difficulty in the shoulder. Cause. Hard work upon pavements causing slight intiammation which is neglected and the horse kept at wprk so that the intiammation continues until it ends in ulceration. Symptoms are obscure and yet very much like many of the symp- toms of other diseases of the feet and legs or shoulders. It is determined chiefly by an undue amount of heat in the foot and by the fact that no disease can be found elsewhere or of a different character. Treatment. Raise the foot and pour Kendall's Spavin Cure on to the frog and the back part of the foot and heel, and rub it well up into the hair and repeat this process two or three times a day, for two or three weeks, or more, if necessary. In bad cases, if the lameness does not subside in two or three weeks, we would recommend to blister as recommended for ring-bone, and follow up with the use of Kendall's Spavin Cure. The above treatment has proved to be the most satisfac- tory of any treatment known to us. Poultices sometimes relieve the pnin. FOUNDER. (LaminUis.) This disease is inflammation of the sen- sitive laminfe of the foot, of which there are two kinds, acute and chronic, tiie latter being a continuation of the former. The acute form is invariably cured, if properly treated, but the chronic form is generally considered incurable ; it can be relieved very much but the feet are always afterwards sore and tender in front. Causes. Allowing to drink cold water, when overheated and tired from over work, standing in a cold air (or where the wind will strike the horse) while warm, driving through a river while warm, long and hard drives over dry roads &c. Symptoms. The horse will stand upon his heels, with fore feet and legs stretched out as far as he can get them so as to throw the weight off as much as possible; and he can scarcely be made to move. The horse has fever and considerable constitutional disturbance, in the acute form of the disease. Treatment (of acute founder.) Give the horse a good bedding of straw, in a large, well ventilated stall, so as to encourage him to lie down, which, by removing the weight from the inflamed parts, will re- lieve his sufferings very much and assist in hastening the cure. As soon as'his bed is fixed, give him twenty drops of the tincture of aconite root in a half pint of cold water, poured into his mouth with a bottle having a strong neck, and repeat this dose every four hours until six or eight doses have been given. Also apply a cloth wet in ice-water to the 16 CHRONIC FOUNDER. feet, and keep wet with the same for several hours until the severe pain has been relieved. Wet the cloths often, and continue for 2 or 3 days, or longer if necessary. Give plenty of cold water to drink. The above treatment should be adopted as soon as possible after the horse has been attacked with founder. Let the horse have rest until he has full; recovered. Give grass or mashes for 2 or 3 days and then give a gooc and fair amount of feed. After the treatment recommended above, if there should still be ten derness, we would recommend the use of Kendall's Spavin Cure to remove it, as directed for foot diseases. Although bleeding is quite strongly recommended by some yet I am Urmly of the opinion that the above plan, if properly carried out, will be much more successful. CIlliONIC FOUNDER in its worst form is not curable, but may be palliated. The treatment should depend principally upon softening the hoof by oiling well with castor oil and continuing to keep the hoof well oiled on the bottom and sides up on to the skin. We would also recommend in shoeing to place a piece of sole leather which will cover the whole of the bottom of the foot under the shoe and drive the nails through the leather so as to hold it as long as the shoe remains on, then pack oakum or cotton batting saturated with tar under tlie leather so as to soften up the bottom of the hoof. This works admirably in many cases. Some pare the soles of the feet and then allow them to stand in about six inches of sawdust wet a little every morning for two or three weeks. This is also a good plan to follow when horses are recovering from acute founder. The treatment most likely to effect a permanent cure is that recom- mended for foot diseases, which see. FRACTURE. The term fracture is here used to signify a broken bone. A fracture is termed simple when the bone only is divided; compound, when in addition there is an external wound of the integuments com- municating with it; comminuted when the bone is broken or cruslied into several pieces. The simple fracture, is the only variety that calls for much notice, in view of the fact that it ia usually of but little use to attempt to treat either of the other two varieties. Many cases of simple fracture may be successfully treated so that the horse will be useful for many purposes, if not for driving. Syinptoms. A broken bone is usually detected quite easily, especially when it is a long bone of the leg, as the horse has not the power to move, and also by the looseness of the leg. The horse is in great pain, excite- ment, sweating &c. FRACTURE. 17 A GOOD WAY TO SLING A HOUSE WHEN IT IS THOUGHT BEST TO DO SO. Treatment. If in the summer season, place the horse in the field or yard, but in winter in a large, comfortable stable or in the barn-yard, if well protected from wind and storm. Do not give too much bed- ding nor allow anything to be in the way of the foot, so that it can be car- ried without interruption. Give twenty-five drops tincture aconite root every five hours, for the first twenty or twenty-five hours, to lessen the fever and pain. Place the l)roken leg in a position as near like the other as possible in shape and also (by actual measurement) to be of the same length, fin- it is by neglecting the measurement that some are left to unite shorter than the sound leg. When the leg is placed in the same shape and length of the sound one, apply a good coating of tar to the leg, around, below, and above the point of fracture. Then wrap the whole leg in carded cotton or coarse tow, and place over this splints cut out of pieces of boards, which will rest evenly upon the leg prepared as above, and fill all un- evenness with the tow or cotton. Have three or four splints, so as to hold the leg in position constantly. Secure the whole by carefully applying a strong bandage, or by tying with soft cord, and make it perfectly secure, so that the horse will not move the leg where fractured, before it has time to unite. It is considered by some as bad practice to sling a horse from his feet 18 ' FROST BITES. in cases of fractnre, and he will seldom put his foot to the ground until the fracture has united, so that it is not necessary to slin^. Examine the splints daily and see that they do not get loose. Give the horse a liberal amount of good feed and cold vvater. When the horse is kept in a stall it is well to make a hole in the floor, underneath the foot of the broken leg, so that he can stand with the leg at fidl length. With the splints properly applied the horse may safely be left to him- self and nature will do the rest. FROST BITES. A state of numbness or torpifaction of a part of the body, caused by intense cold, which, unless relieved by proper remedies, is liable to be followed by death of the part. Horses are most liable to be troubled witli frost-bites on the heels and the back part of the hind legs, which swell badly, and are sometimes mistaken for scratches. Treatment. It is very important in the treatment of frost-bites that heat should not be applied suddenly, but that very cold water be ap- plied, by which means the frost is extracted very slowly. Any frozen parts should not be rubbed until the frost has been extracted. After the heat has returned to the part Ave know of nothing which we think will work better than Kendall's Spavin Cure applied several times; as b}^ so doing the great pain and soreness which is sure to fol- low is generally averted and thus the bad running sores Avhich some- times folloAV are prevented. The above treatment is also well adapted to frost-bites on man. GLANDERS. This disease is alike fruitful of evil to man and beast and is generally considered incurable. A horse may have latent glanders for years, and work well, the dis- ease being during this time as contagious as in its developed state. Cmise. The cause is somewhat varied in diff"erent cases, and may be attributed to tilth, starvation, or to debilitating diseases, as lung fever, catarrh or any disease capable of generating pus, which being absorbed into the circulation forms a ferment within the blood. Symptoms. The membrane lining the nostrils assumes a leaden or purple color, accompanied by a thin, acrid, transparent and odorless discharge. This is the tirst stage, during which the general health does not sufi(n- and the horse may do his ordinary work. The discharge grows thicker, and sinks when placed in water. The membrane lining the nostrils will be found to have sores, ragged and de- pressed at the top, with varicose veins leading to them from all sides. The appetite fails, and the horse assumes an emaciated and dull ap- pearance. He will be hide-bound, and his legs swell during the day and the swelling go down at night. GREASE HEELS. 19 The ulceration of the nose is very bad, and the sores spread into his throat; the body also is sometimes afflicted with sores. The horse ultimately dies in a wasted condition. Treatment. Most horsemen recommend that the horse be shot as soon as it is decided that ho is afflicted with glanders, as they consider the disease incurable, but if the following treatment is adopted early it may prove successful. Give from one half to one ounce doses of sulphite of soda at night, in cut feed, for several weeks, and five grains Spanish liies (powdered) with it. Give, at the same time, every morning and noon, a powder consist- ing of three drachms powdered gentian, and two drachms powdered sulpliate of copper. Give the medicines for a long time, not only to cure the disease but to improve the general health. Give a good liberal feed and change the feed often. GREASE HEELS. This disease of the heels and legs of iiorses is characterized by a white, offensive, greasy discharge from the heels of the horse. The skin becomes hot, tender, and swollen, and sometimes sloughs away, leaving an ugly sore. Cause. Sudden changes of the temperature of the earth, whether it be fi-om heat to cold or from wet to dry. This disease generally follows wet streets, stables or lands. Treatment. Keep the legs dry and cleansed well with castile soap and soft water; then apply, once a day, verdigris, one half oz; rum or proof spirits one pint ; mix and shake well before applying. Or apply Ken- dall's Spavin Cure after washing well. Some use water, on& pint, sul- phuric acid, two drachms, corrosive sublimate, one drachm. Mix and shake before using. Some cases will be cured by keeping clean and applying glycerine, four ozs. carbolic acid, one drachm; mixed and ap- plied twice a day. While some cases are cured quite readily others will not heal for along time. For obstinate cases use the following : Take one pound concentrated lye and dissolve it in two quarts Avater, and bottle for use; when needed pour a wine-glassful of the solution of lye into six quarts of cold water, and wash and bathe the heels for half an hour, night and morning. Dry the heels often after the bathing, as they will become very moist. (See Scratches.) HEAVES. This disease is due to rupture and enlargement of the air cells of the lungs, wiiich lessens the value and usefulness of the horse. There is every degree of intensity to be seen in this disease, from the *case that is so slight that only the expert can detect it, to the one wiiere the patient finds it very difficult to breathe, even when not being exer- cised. Causes. In cases of heaves, horses are always greedy eaters ; and it is 20 HIDE-BOUND. •;^^* LISTENING TO THE SOUNDS MADE WITHIN THE WIND- PIPE. frenorully found that they have been fed an enormous amount of liay or coarse food, which they are quite sure to eat if they can possibly lind room for it. Heaves are never found in racing sta- bles, Avhere the horses are properly fed; consequently, it is but reasonable to at- tribute the cause to overfeeding with hay and coarse feed. Treatment. Restrict the quantity of hay, and increase the amount of grain fed, which will give the lungs increase of room to act. I shall give here various receipts which experience has proved to be good. Favorite Receipts for Heaves. 1st. Assafoetida pul v. one oz. ; Camphor gum pulv. one half oz, ISIix, and divide into four powders; feed one every other night for a week, 2d. Resin, two ozs., tartar emetic, twoozs. ; Spanish brown, two ozs. cayenne, two ozs. Mix, and give two teaspoonfuls, twice a day, in the feed. 3d. A horseman with whom I am acquainted, says he has cured several cases of heaves with oil tar. He gives the ordinary case a teaspoonfiil every night or every other night, by pouring it on to the tongue and then giving some grain which carries it into the stomach. He says lie has given very bad cases two or three tablespoonfuls at a dose with grand results. He reports it to be tlie best remedy in use, and also good for any cough, or to put a horse in good condition; in fact it is his "cure all." 4th. The Condition Powders recom mended for Epizootic have proved themselves to be a most excellent remedy when fed quite freely for a few days. (See treatment for epizootic.) PIIDE-BOUND. A term used to denote the adherence of the skin to the ribs, when the horse is diseased. It usually arise? from a deficiency in the quality or quantity of food, and is commonly an attendant on lingering diseases. Treabncnt. Give mixed feed— cut hay, bran and corn meal, wet with just enough water to cause the whole to keep together. ^ The following powders should be given in the feed, every night,^^ two weeks : Powdered gentian root three drachms, powdered sulphate of iron, two drachms. Mix, and give for one dose HINTS OX FOOD. 1st. The foundation of many diseases is laid in HIP-JOINT LAMENESS. 21 feeding all horses in the same proportions, without any regard lo age, constitution or the work which the horse is required to do. The impro- priety of such a course is readily seen. 2d. Bad hay has not proper nourishment in it; therefore it would be poor policy to buy it simpl5^ because it is cheap, as it is often very dear in the end. 3d. Old horses will do better on chaff tlian on hay, as they can chew and digest it better. 4th. There is not sufficient nutriment in grass or hay alone to sup- port a horse well under hard work. 5th. Corn which has been damaged is very injurious, as it will pro- duce inflammation of the bowels and skin diseases 6th. Oats and corn are the best nourishment if a horse is worked hard, but if not, it should be chiefly hay, because corn and oats supply more nourishment and flesh-making material than any other kind of food; but hay not so much. 7th. For a coach horse four to six quarts of good oats and erghteen pounds of good hay arc usually sufficient. If a horse should be worked hard he should have more of each; but if worked but little he should have less. 8th. Chopped hay sprinkled with a little water, which has had a tea- spoonful of salt dissolved in it, is quite pleasing to the taste of the horse, and is also more easily digested. 9th. Spring or well water is not usually as good for a horse as water from a stream or pond, as the former is usually hard and cold. 10th. Horses require and should have at least a pailful of water, morning and evening; or. what is better, give a half pailful at four dif- ferent times in a day. nth. A horse should not be driven nor worked hard directly after he hns had a full draught of water, nor soon after eatins: heartily, as ex- ertion prevents digestion. 12th. Do not allow a horse to become accustomed to drinking warm water, for if compelled to drink cold at any time it will be liable to cause colic. 13th. Do not w^ork nor drive a horse if he refuses his food, after drinking, until you have given him rest. 14th. Do not feed nor water a horse directly after his coming in very warm, but let him walk about until cool; groom him quite dry first with a wisp of straw and then with a comb and brush, and rub the legs well with the hand. When he is cool give him his grain. HIP- JOINT LAMENESS. This disease is generally seen in young horses and may be caused by rheumatism or by some accident, although it is due oftentimes to a hereditary taint. 22 INFLAMMATION OF STOMACH. Sy7}iptomfi. The log appears shorter, and, when the horse is standing, is placed slightly under the body and not doubled up, or standing upon the toe as is seen in diseases of hock-joint. In nearly all cases of so- called liip and whirl-bone; disease, the true seat of disease will be found to be in the hock-joint. (See spavin.) In hip-joint lameness there is a dragging or swaying motion of the limb outward. An extra degree of heat will be found over this joint. I'reabnoit. Give the horse absolute rest for a few weeks and begin, when first allowed to rest, to apply cold water cloths over the hip- joint, which continue one or two days or more, until the heat and tend(;rness have been removed. Then apply Kendall's Spavin Cure two or three times a day for two or three weeks, or longer if necessary, and allow a week's rest after slop- ing its use. INFLAMMATION OF STO:\[ACH is caused generally by some poi- son given to improve the coat of the animal. Some persons are in a liabit df giving powders composed of poisonous drugs to improve the general appearance of the horse, and \vhich, if given in proper quantities and sufHciently diluted, so as not to come in contact with the coating of the stomach while in its full strength, might perhaps do goo'd in many cases, but when given by an ignorant person it is sometimes given not only full strength but in large doses on the principle that if a little will do good a larger amount will do more good. Symptoms. The horse is frantic on account of the excessive pain, but the symptoms are not decided in all cases. The following symptoms occur, bat not all in each case; nor do they occur simultaneously. Great thirst; loathing of food; redness of the membranes; frequent eruc- tations which smell bad ; discharge of thick saliva; rolling, pawing, colic, striking at the belly, panting, tucked-up flanks, quick and small pulse, passing mucus in large quantities, straining, looking at the abdomen, loss of strength, convulsions, madness and death. Treatment. Give at once two ozs. tincture of opium, one and a half ozs. sulphuric ether, and two ozs. magnesia in one quart of cold gruel or milk, and repeat if necessary. Suffering from acute inflamma- If corrosive sublimate is known tion of the stomach. INFLUENZA. 23 to bo the poison, give 15 or 20 raw eggs with the above drench. INFLUENZA. An epidemic disease occurring in tlie^ spring of the year. ISympioms. A chill, succeeded by increased heat of the body, and fever, cough, discharge of mucus fi-om the nose, loss of appetite, great pros- tration, followed in a day or two with swelling of the legs, and, in some bad cases, of the belly, breiist, &c. These symptoms vary some in differ- ent cases. Treatment. Cover the horse with a good blanket, and place him in a good, comfortable stable with proper ventilation but not too cold. Give 20 drops of tincture of aconite root in a little cold water every four hours until four or five doses have been given, and allow the horse plenty of good cold w'ater to drink. A FREQUENT SIGHT WHEN IT WAS THE CUSTOM TO BLEED AND TREAT TOO ACTIVELY IN THIS DISEASE. Then give the following: powdered gentian, four ounces, powdered lenugreek, four ounces, and powdered licorice root two ounces. Mix, and divide into twenty five powders and give two or three each day. Allow the horse to have rest until he has fully recovered. INTEKFERIXG. This is usually the result of weakness of the horse, although the blacksmith is frequently blamed for it, and perhaps justly sometimes, on account of being somevdiat careless when the interfering might have been avoided, with a little care. Yet the cause is generally weakness. Treatment. Give the strengthening powder recommended for treat- ment of bots, and feed well. KIDNEYS, DISEASE OF. The straddling gait, as represented 24 KIDNEYS, DISEASE OF. SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES OF THE UKINAKY ORGANS. in the engraving below, is not peculiar to any one disorder of the kid- neys more than to another, but when it is seen it is always the result of some disorder of the kidneys. Gravel. Calculi, stony or gritty matter formed in tlie kidneys, wliich passes olY in the urine. It causes some irregularity in making water. Treatment. Give 35 drops of mu- riatic acid, in a pailful of water to drink, and repeat twice a week. Bloody urine should be treated by placing warm water cloths over the back, above the kidneys, and giving flaxseed tea to drink, which will soothe the parts. When old horses are troubled Avith kidney diseases they can be helped a great deal by giving soft feed, such as boiled or steamed feed, or newly cut grass, with flaxseed tea and plenty of good cold water to drink at all times. Inflammation of the bladder. Symptoms almost the same as those of inflammation of the kidneys. The tenderness is found when the horse is pressed upon under the flanks. Treatment about the same as for inflammation of the kidneys, which see. Give a quart of raw linseed oil or other pliysic, as for in- flammation of the kidneys. Inflammation of the kidneys is caused by bad provender, hard work, slipping, taking a sudden cold, after a hard day's work or drive, or after being un- der the saddle for a long time; and, also, by an indiscriminate use of nitre or other diuretics. Symptoms. Quickened and short breathing, suggestive of pain; more or less fever, with quick, hard pulse; unwillingness to move the hind legs which the animal straddles apart when he walks, as shown in the engraving above; looking anxiously around to his flanks ; urine scanty and high test fou infla^imation OF colored, and sometimes bloody. The the kidneys. LAMENESS. 25 horse seldom lies down and almost refuses to move about, and crouches •' beneath pressm-e made over the kidneys, as shown in the engraving. This disease is sometimes confounded with colic, which see. Trealmejil. Do not give any diuretics, as they will do more harm tlian good. Use hot fomentations over the kidneys, and change the cloths often. In the first stage, give twenty to forty-five grs. of pow- dered opium, and fifteen grs. of calomel, sprinkled on the tongue, and repeat every hour or two, for a few times, or while the acute stage con- tinues. No food will be necessary during the acute stage of the disease, but it would be well to set before the horse a pailful of good linseed tea and allow him to drink all he will. If the pulse is quick and hard, as is usually the case, give twenty drops of tincture of aconite root, either between doses of opium and calomel or after it has been given, and re- peat until the pulse becomes slower and softer. Give the horse a month's rest, and use carefully for some time. LAMENESS. It occurs as a symptom in spavin, ring-bone, bruises, sprains, fractures, and many wounds and injuries, which we treat of in their proper places. We do not know of any remedy which equals Kendall's Spavin Cure, for lameness of every kind, and it is equally good for lameness on man. LAMPERS. (Written also, Lampass.) A swelling of some of the lower bars of a horse's mouth; so named because formerly removed by burning with a lamp or hot iron. Treatment. Pinch or cut the bars until they bleed, and then rub in a little table salt, which is much better than burning the mouth with a red hot iron. LUNGS, DISEASES OF. The lungs are subject to many diseases. Piienmonia. (Lung fever.) In this disease the substance of the lungs is intlamed, instead of the air passages, as in bronchitis. Symptoms. The horse will often- times, have a discharge from the nostrils, following a sudden ex- posure to cold, after being kept in a warm stable, and then the disease is ushered in by a chill, followed by fever, which is increased for a short time; cold legs and ears, quick and wiry pulse, quick and difficultbreathing.pain in the chest, which is aggravated by coughing, and a quivering of the muscles of the side and breast. The horse will not eat, and continually stands with his head down, COMMENCEMENT OF INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 26 LUNGS, DISEASES OF. ,.., .> POSITION ASSUMED IN THE LAST STAGE OF PNEUMONIA. ^ and cars lopped, and will not lie down nor move about; the nostrils are exp.-inded. Jf the ear is upj)lied to the side of the chest or neck a pe- culiar creaking noise is heard. Cause. Perhaps one of the most frequent causes is a hard or fast drive against a cold wind, after be- ing taken from a warm, tight and poorly ventilated stable, where S(n'eral horses have remained through the night; or some diller- ent alteration and sudden change of heat, cold or moisture in an animal not accustomed to work, or in one not in proper condition to ■work. Treatment. The stable should be a comfortable place; not too cold and yet well ventilated. Give the horse clothing according to the Aveather, but do not change from a heavy blanket to a light one, nor to one that is damp. Keep the legs warm with bandages. Give twentj^-five drops of the tincture of aconite root, in a cupful of cold water, and repeat the dose every four hours, until live or six doses have been given, which will probably cause the horse to perspire freely. Care should be taken not to allow the horse to stand in a draft of air. Do not bleed as some recommend. It was my misfortune in my early life to place a horse, sick Avith this disease, under the c^re oi ?i. so-called, veterinary surgeon who bled the horse freely and directed to give him large doses of Dover's powder every four hours. I was not only the five dollars out, which he cliarged me, but came very near being out a good horse. The horse was about ruined for life, and probably would not have lived but for my own timely interference, by supporting the horse with vigorous tonic and stimulating treatment. When the disease .turned (as commonly expressed) the horse needed every drop of the blood which had' been so cruelly taken from him. After the horse has taken sufficient tincture of aconite root, as soon as he seems to have an appetite for food, a pint of crushed oats, thorough- ly scalded, may be given during the day. Great care should be taken not to allow the horse a large amount of food at one time, which would overload the stomach, and might cause a return of the disease. Little and often must be the rule at first, and then the quantity may be in- creased, while the frequency is diminished. Do not give any hay for several days. Raw eggs and otlier nourishing and stimulating articles may be given. I PLEURISY. 27 if the horse shows si^i^ns of great Aveakness. The nourishment should be in a concentrated form and hay and grass should be kept from the horse for a few days and then given in quantities small at first and gradually increased. The horse will not lie down until improvement has taken place. PLEURISY. This is an inflammation of the membrane covering the lungs and lining the cavity of tlie chest. Symptoms. A chill, fever, an occasional painful and short cougli, and careful breathing, and a disinclination to turn short. A peculiar line will usually be seen running from the haunch, round the belly to the breast-bone. The breathing is not so quick and short as in inflam- mation of the lungs. Causes. Broken ribs or wounds, and other causes similar to those causing lung fever. Treatment. The treatment should be about the same as for lung fever. Feed well while the horse is convalescing. Abscess of the lungs. This is sometimes the termination of lung fever and is very much to be dreaded. Treatment. Should be the same as for glanders, and the patient should be supported, if necessary, by giving raw eggs, tonics, stimulants, &c. NASAL GLEET. This is a chronic discharge from the nostrils, of a whitish, muco-purulent matter. It is generally caused by neglecting to treat catarrh and colds properly. The horse may look well and feel well, and the general health be quite good. Treatment. Give a course of tonic powders and feed well. Powders like those recommended in the treatment of hots will do well. NAVICULAR DISEASE. (See foot disease.) POLL-EVIL. This consists of a formation of pus like an abscess, and is familiar to all horsemen. Cause. Disease of the bone, or injury to the part. Treatment. Open the swelling as soon as it lias become a little soft, before the pus has time to burrow down among the bones, and thus pre- vent the spread of the disease. ;^L•lke a large opening so as to allow all the pus to escape, and clean out well, if necessary, with a swab, so as to reiliove all the pus, and do this twice a day as long as any pus remains. Syringe out with a solu- tion of carbolic acid, 50 drops to each pint of soft water. PROUD FLESH. A name commonly used to describe an excessive growth of flesh on an ulcer, or excessive granulation. To cure this sprinkle a little powdered blue vitrol or burnt alum on the surface. QUITTOR. A chronic abscess in the hoof, caused by a bruise or prick of the sole, or from the calk of one foot being pressed into the coronet of the other, confined pus from suppuration, corn, &c. 28 RHEUMATISM. Symptoms. The horse is very Lime on account of the inflammation before sniipuration takes place, but is relieved somewhat as soon as the quittor has burst. Treatment. This should begin as soon as any lameness is discovered from any of the above named causes, and the inflammation stopped if possible before suppuration takes place. Kendall's Spavin Cure, ap- plied freely to any of the injuries which result in quittor, will prevent this termination, if applied in season; but if it is not cut short, then keep clean and apply a solution of carbolic acid, one oz., to water, one quart. Poultu^es of flaxseed meal are sometimes very useful. RHEUMATISM. In acute rheumatism there is great excitement and fever with severe pain in the legs and joints. The pain is so severe that the horse hardly dares to move from the place he occupies, on account of the extreme pain which it causes. He has no unnatural heat in the feet as in founder Cause. Exposure to a draft of cold air when a liorse has been heated, thus suddenly checking perspiration. Treatment. Place the horse in a good, comfortable stable, as soon as possible after it is discovered that he is afflicted with acute rheuma- tism, and commence the following treatment. Give the horse about twenty-five drops of the tincture of aconite root, every four hours, un- til five or six doses have been given. Cover with a blanket and give the horse general good care. Give the following powders as soon as the tincture of aconite has been given. Bicarbonate of soda, four ozs., sulphur, eight ozs., saltpetre powdered, four ozs., mix, and divide into eight powders and give two or three times a day, according to the severity of the case, and repeat, if necessary. Apply Kendall's Spavin Cure to the joints or to any part which swells or is tender. Chronii INictwiatism. This is a frequent cause of lameness and it is oftentimes quite difficult to decide fully as to the cause of the lameness. Treatment. For this form of the disease we recommend the same powders as given above for acute rheumatism, only to be continued a longer time, and to apply the Kendall's Spavin Cure to the afflicted parts. Only a small quantity need be used at a time but it should be rubbed well down to the skin and continued for several weeks if it should be necessary to continue so long. The Kendall's Spavin Cure used twice a day is also the best external remedy we know of for tliis dis- ease in man; but it should be used for some lime, as the disease, Avhen of long standing, can not be cured in a few days. It may be applied a small quantity at a time and continued for one to three or four weeks if necessary. RING-BONE. 29 RING-BONE. (For position see plate of skeleton.) Ring-bone is the result, usually, of weakness, liereditarj^ predisposition, or of a peculiar formation of the pastern joints which makes them poorly adapted to hard work; and therefore a provisional callous (or bony substance) is thrown out as a provision of nature to strengthen parts which are too weak. Only slight injuries to such a joint as we have described above will in many cases result in the growth of a ring-bone. Treatment. The treatment of ring-bone has been very unsatisfactory in the past and is still attended with muirh difficulty in some cases, especially those of long standing and on old horses ; yet we feel certain J that the following treatment will prove successful in a large share of cases, if persevered in. We find many persons who expect a cure too soon and condemn the best treatment possible before they have used it long enough for it to liave any effect whatever, and there- fore we say if 3'ou would treat ring-bone successfully never stop in a few days, as so serious an affection cannot be removed in so short a time. If it is of re- ^ cent origin, and the horse is young we feel confident I that nearly all such cases can be cured with a proper :- use of Kendall's Spavin Cure; but if the case is of long standing and on an old horse the chances of a RING-BONE. cure are lessened, and therefore we find it neces- 1. The joint bet«-een gary in many cases to use, with the Spavin Cure, the pastern bones. t- i m rn- i. t ,• , , 2. The joint between ^^"dall s Blister, as per direction on the bottle. the lower pastern (or In using the Kendall's Spavin Cuve, clip the hair small pastern) and over the bunch and apply from every other day to the coffin bone. two or three times a day as seems to work best; rub well with the hand often. In most cases it would be best to apply soft soap, once in four to ten days, to soak up the scab, then clean off and ap- ply Kendall's Spavin Cure again. In some very bad cases where the Spavin Cure does not seem to remove the bunch and lameness, after using one bottle, it would be best to use our blister, followed by the ap- plication of Kendall's Spavin Cure every day, for two or three weeks, when the blister can be repeated, if necessary. In using Kendall's Blister clip the hair over the bunch and rub in the blister well for ten minutes or more. Put on some sweet oil or other grease in two days^ When the inflammation subsides wash with cas- tile soap and warm water, and Avhen it is dry apply Kendall's Spavin Cure as directed on bottle. If the case does not yield in two or three weeks, use the blister again as before, followed by the Spavin Cure in two or three days. 30 SADDLE GALLS. Tie up the horse's head for a few hours after the Blister has been ap- plied. We would say tliat this blister works admirably alone in many cases (not only for ring-bone but also for spavins, curbs, «&;c.) and is particularly of great value in connection with the KendalTs Spavin Cure for old and bad cases which do not seem to yield to the use of the Spavin Cure alone. (Where the KendalPs Blister cannot be had of your druggist, send $ 1. to B. J. Kendall & Co., Enosburgh Falls, Vt., and they will send a box by return mail.) Give the horse a few weeks' rest after the cure seems to be coni])lete. SADDLE GALLS are sores produced by the saddle or by any other part of the harness. Treatment. The cause should be removed by attending to the saddle or other pai't of the harness and adjusting it so as to remove the press- ure. Kendall's Spavin Cure is used with excellent success for all such sores by applying a small quantity twice a day. If the Kendall's Spavin Cure cannot be obtained, get at a drug store Laudanum two ozs. Tannin two drachms and mix and apply twice a day. SCRATCHES. An inllnmmation of the skin of the heel of a horse, the first appearance of which is usually a dry and scurvy state of the skin of the heel, with redness, heat and itching, (See grease heel.) Treatment. Wash the affected parts clean with castile soap and warm soft water, and dry ; then use glycerine, eightozs., carbolic acid 1 drachm, mixed and applied twice a day, washing as above when necessary to keep the parts clean. Also see treatment for grease heel. It has been reported to us that Kendall's Spavin Cure, applied twice a d.ay, after washing as above, has worked nicely. It is well usually to give condition powders: saltpetre four ozs., sulphur eight ozs., copperas four ozs., fenugreek twelve ozs., gentian four ozs. ; mix, and give a ta- ble-spoonful twice a day. SHOULDER-LAMENESS. This is common among young horses when plowing in the furrow, or it may result from a slip sidewise by a horse of any age. Horses in cities are especially liable to this difficulty. The muscles of the shoulder and sometimes the shoulder joint is involved. Symptoms. Heat, tenderness, and sometimes swelling of the parts. It is sometimes difficult to ascertain the exact location of the lameness, but by making a thorough examination of all parts and finding no lame- ness, heat, or tenderness in other parts, it will be quite certain that the difficulty is located in the shoulder, especially if it is found hot and tender. The horse steps shorter with the sound leg than with the lame one, which he drags along. In nearly all diseases of the foot the horse SHOULDER-JOINT LAMENESS. 31 Stretches the leg out straight forward, but in shoulder lameness it will be carried out more from the body. Treatment. The horse should have entire rest, and the shoulder should have cold water cloths applied to it for two or three days and changed frequently. As soon as the heat has been reduced the cold water cloths may be left oflf and Kendall's Spavin Cure applied twice a day for a few days or until the lameness subsides. In some cases Kendairs Blister would work admirably. In applying the Blister place it where the friction from the collar will not affect it. Allow the horse a rest of two or three weeks after the cure seems to be complete and the treatment is stopped. SHOULDER-JOINT LAMENESS. This difficulty, being located in the joint, is much more serious than the shoulder lameness just described, and it is more difficult to effect a perfect cure of it. Symptoms. The animal drags the leg, with the toe on the ground, and throws the leg out in attempting to move it. It is with great difficulty that he can raise his foot. Treatment. If the treatment is not put off too long a cure may reason- ably be expected, if the following di- rections are followed. This disease being similar to a spavin in the hock- joint should have similar treatment. If the part is very hot reduce the ^^y^^:?//, k\\\ N DRAGGING THE FORWARD FOOT AN INDICATION OF SHOULDER LAMENESS. temperature by cold cloths as recommended for shoulder lameness, or perhaps hot fomentations may work well instead of the cold— then apply Kendall's Spavin Cure two or three times a day as directed for spavin. If, after one bottle of Spavin Cure has been used, the case does not im- prove as fast as is thought it should, use Kendall's Blister, as recom- mended for ring-bone and follow it with the Spavin Cure as before. (See also treatment of spavin.) Give the horse a good bedding Avith dry sawdust or some soft bed for his front feet to stand on, as he will be liable to stamp on the floor with his foot, and in this way you will avoid the concussion to the shoulder. SIDE BONES. This is a species of ring-bone. The side cartilages of the joint become ossified but do not extend around as in ring-bone. The tr(*tment should be the same as for ring-bone. SKIN DISEASES. There are many different varieties of skin dis- eases and yet many seem to be produced by the same causes but present different appearances in different horses. 32 MANGE, ITCH &C. THE MANGE INSECT. BALDNESS. This is produced ijy faulty digestion sometimes, when small pimples appear in abundance and contain a fluid. In this form turn the horse to grass or give soft feed. When caused by blisters, burns, &c., if the true skin has not been destroyed, ap- ply, three or four times a week, the follow- ing mixture. Glycerine, four ozs., tincture of cantharides, two ozs-, mixed. Some cases do well by using the following — iodine, one drachm, lard, two ozs., mix and rub down to the skin twice a week. MANGE, ITCH &C. These are conta- gious di:jeases caused by an insect burrow- ing in the skin. Sy^nptoms. The horse rubs himself against anything he can get at. Small pim- ples are seen about the head and neck and under the mane. Tlie hair falls off and leaves the skin exposed, with red colored points and fissures, the skin becomes dry and bald and there is groat itching. Treatment. Give the horse a good scrubbing, with a coarse brush, and then wash him well with castile soap and soft water and dry carefully. As soon as the horse is thoroughly dried, apply an ointment made as follows : sulphur, four ozs. lard, ten ozs., carbolic acid, i oz., mixed. This disease being con- tagious, persons should be careful to have everything |fc used about the horse thor- oughly cleansed and sub- jected to great heat, by steaming or boiling, to de- stroy the insect which is the cause of the disease. It would be well to apply some of the ointment giy- \ en above to parts of the stall, rubbing-posts &c. SORES. Of the great SYMPTOMS OP MANGE. variety of sores many are what might be termed healthy sores while others become unhealthy. SPAVIN. 33 The former are best treated with tincture of opium, two ozs., tannin one drachm, mixed and applied in small quantities two or three times a day. The unhealthy sore is best treated by cleansing the sore and apply- ing Kendall's Spavin Cure twice a day. In some cases, where there is proud flesh, cauterize the part with nitrate of silver or blue vitriol, and, after a few hours, apply Kendall's Spavin Cure. Kendall's Spavin Cure has given entire satisfaction whenever used, to our knowledge, for healthy or unhealthy sores, on man or beast. It should be used by applying a small quantity directly into the sore after it has been cleansed. SPAVIN. {For location see cut of skeleton.) In nearly all cases of lameness in the hind leg the seat of disease will be found to be in the hock-joint, although many persons (not having had experience) locate the difficulty in the hip, simply because they cannot detect any swelling of the hock-joint ; but in many of the worst cases there is not seen any swelling or enlargement for a long time and perhaps never. BONE SPAVIN is a growth of irregular bony matter from the bones of the joint, and situated on the inside, and in front of the joint. Cause. The causes of spavins are quite numerous, but usually they are sprains, blows, hard work, and, in fact, any cause exciting inflammation of this part of the joint. Hereditary predisposition in horses is a frequent cause. Symptoms. The symptoms vary in different cases. In some horses-the lameness comes on very gradually. BONE SPAVIN. while in others, it comes on more rapidly. It is usually five to eight weeks before any enlargement appears. There is marked lameness when the horse starts oat, but he usually gets over it after driving a short distance, and if allowed to stand for a while will start lame again. There is sometimes a reflected action, causing a little dilfcrence in the appearance over the hip joint, and, if no elargeuK^nt has made its appearance, a person not having had exj)erience is very liable to be de- ceive. 1 in regard to the true location of the dittteulty. The horse will stand on either leg in resting in the stable, but when he is resting the lame leg he stands on the toe. If the joint becomes consolidated the horse will be stiff in the leg but may not have much pain. Treatment. That we may not be misunderstood in regard to what we mean by a cure, we would say that we mean to stop the lameness, and in most cases to rempve the bunch on such cases as are not past any reasonable hopes of a cure. 34 SPAVIN. f^ Natural action. Leg brought for- ward. Effect of a bad Spav in forward Leg not brouglit But we do not mean to be un- derstood that in :i case of anchy- losis (stifF-joint) we can again re- store the joint to its original con- dition; -for this is an impossiljil- ity, owing to the union of the two bones making them as one. Nei- ther do we mean that, in any ordi- nary case of bone spavin which has become completely ossified (that is the bunch become solid bone) — that in such a case the enlarge- ment will be removed. In any bony growths like spav- in or ring-bone it will be exceed- ingly difficult to determine just when there is a sufficient deposit of phos- phate of lime so that it is completely ossified; for the reason that in some cases the lime is deposited faster than in others, and therefore one case may be completely ossified in a few months while in another it will be as many years. They are the cases which are not completely ossified that we claim to remove. One of this chiss which we have seen removed was a large bone spavin of four or five years standing, and we think that a large per cent, of cases are not fully ossified for several months or years. AVe are well aware that many good horsemen say that it [is impossi- ble to cure spavins, and in fact this has been the experience of horse- men until the discovery of Kendall's Spavin Cure. It is now knoAvn that the treatment which we recommend here will cure nearly every case of bone spavin which is not i)ast any reasonable hopes of a cure, if the directions are followed, and the horse is properly used. In using Kendall's Spavin Cure apply it two or three times a day until the lameness has all subsided, and then gradually decrease the quantity used, or only apply it once or twice a day. If it is necessary to use the horse much, apply only at night. When the enlargement has been removed the medicine may be left off, and the horse should have several weeks' rest. Although some horses can be put at light work as soon as the cure is complete, yet we would rec- ommend that all be allowed to rest for several weeks. Some liave an erroneous idea, thinking tiiat in using a bottle of Ken- dall's Spavin Cure it makes no difference about the time taken to apply it, and tiicreforc have used the whole of a bottle in two or three days, and, as they see no perceptible change they discard the medicine before it has had time to take any eft'ect— to such we would say, only a little OCCULT SPAVIN. 35 will be absorbed a,nd the remainder goes to waste ; therefore apply it onlj' over just the size of the spavin, and enougli to wet it well, for two or three times, at each application, and rnb it well down to the skin each time, with a small swab, or the finger, until it has been absorbed, and repeat this two or three times a day and continue using the 'medicine until the cure is complete, which takes usually from two to eight weeks, or longer, according to the age and condition of the spavin. Much also depends upon how the horse is used. In some very bad and old cases, if the lameness docs not subside after using one bottle o^ Kendall's Spavin Cure it would be well to apply Kendall's Blister *as directed on box, and follow up witli Kendall's Spavin Cure for two or three weeks, and repeat the Blister several times if necessary. The Blister is not, like some we have seen, so powerful as to destroy the skin and other tissues; yet it is very well adapted, when used \yith Kendall's Spavin Cure, to the treatment of old and bad cases which do not seem to yield with the Spavin Cure alone. (We will send our Blister by mail to any address on receipt of price, $ 1.) After a few days' use of Kendall's Spavin Cure a thick, firm scab is usually formed, which if pulled off will take the hair wnth it; yet it does not affect the growth of the hair. The better way is to apply soft soap to soften up the scab and in 2 or 3 hours wash well and wlien dry apply again, as before. (See testimonials and other information in another part of this book.) We give no other treatment, as our experience with various other remedies, inckuling blisters, liniments, &c., lias ln^en very tinsatis factory, as has been the experience of horsem(>n all over the world; but Ken- dall's Spavin Cure, when properly used, has given eiitire satisfaction. See " our experience with hone spavin''^ on page 64 of this book. OCCULT SPAVIN. This is similar to bone spavin in its nature, the difference being that the location is within the joint, so that no enlarge- ment is seen, which makes it moi^e difficult to come to a definite conclu- sion as to its location, and consequently the horse is oftentimes blis- tered and tormented in nearly all parts of the leg but in the right place. The causes and effects are the same as in bone spavin, and it should be treated in the same Avay. These cases are often mistaken for hip disease, be- cause no enlargement can be seen. Bog Spavin. The location of this kind of spavin is more in front of the hock-joint than that of bone spavin, and it is a soft and yet firm swelling. It does not generally cause lameness. Treatment. Use Kendall's Spavin Cure, as directed blood spavin 36 SPRAIN. # 2. 3. A splint near the knee. A low splint. A small bony growth on the front of the leg, also called Splint. for bone spavin, and, if tho enlargement is not removed in two to four weeks, apply Kendall's Blister, as direct- ed for bone spavin, and continue the Spavin Cure. Blood Spavin. This is similar to bog spavin but more extended, and generally involves the front, inside and outside of the joint, giving it a rounded appearance. The swelling is soft and fluctuating. Young horses and colts, especially if driven or worked hard, are more liable to have this form of spavin than older horses. Treatme7it. For this form of spavin (especially 4:)ad cases) we would recommend our Blister, to be applied every two weeks for a few times, and the Spavin Cure to be iised.between times of blistering, as recommend- ed on box. Rub well, with the hand, often. SPLINT. This is a small, bony enlargement, 'and generally situated on the inside of the fore-leg, about 3 or 4 inches below the knee joint, and occurs frequent- ly in young horses when they are worked too hard. Treatment should be the siime as for bone spavin, which see. SPRAIN. By this is meant the sudden shifting of a joint farther than is natural, but not so as to produce dislocation. Every joint is lia- ble to sprain by the horse's falling, slipping, or being overworked. These cases cause a great deal of troul^le, oftentimes producing lamen(^ss, pain, swelling, tenderness and an unusual amount of heat in the part. Treatment. Entire rest should be given the horse, and if the part is found hot, as is usually the case, apply cold water cloths, changing fre- quently, for from one to three days until the heat has subsided, when ap- ply Kendall's Spavin Cure, twice or three times a day, rubbing well with the hand. If the fever is considerable, it might be well to give 15 drops of tinc- ture of aconite root, three times a day, for one or two days, while the cold water cloths are being applied. Allow the horse a rest of a few weeks, especially in bad cases, as it is very difficult to cure some of these cases, unless the horse is allowed to rest. STAGGERS. A disease of horses resulting from some lesion of the brain, which causes a loss of control of voluntary motion. As it gener- ally occurs in fat horses w4iich are well fed, those subject to these at- tacks should not be over-fed. The cause is an undue amount of blood flowing to the brain. Treatment. The aim of the treatment should be to remove the cause. In ordinary cases give half a pound of epsom salts, and repeat if neces- sary to have it physic, and be careful about over-feeding. In mad staggers it would be well to bleed from the neck in addition to giving the epsom salts. STIFLE-JOINT LAMENESS. 37 STIFLE-JOINT L A:MENESS. This is not one of verj' common occur- rence, but occurs occasionally in colts kept on uneven ground, which in- duces dislocation of the stifle, or patella, which slips off from the round- ed heads of the bones when the horse steps. It sometimes occurs in horses which are kept on bad food, or in those which are constitutionally weak. Symptoms. The horse stops sud- denly and extends one of the hind leg^ backwards. The pastern is flexed and the head raised, as shown in the engraving, and there is a swelling upon the outer side of the pastern, with great pain. It sometimes occurs in colts on the slightest cause. Treatment. Any flurry may restore the bone to its proper place, in colts, but for cases which do not become re- placed, in colts or horses, get into a patella, or whiklbone shed and fix a rope to the pastern as displaced. shown in the engi-aving, and throw the other end over a beam. Then while one person pulls the leg upward and forward, another should stand by the quarters and push the dislocated patella inward with both hands. Feed well and give the horse 5 or 6 weeks' rest, or place him in a level pasture, and have him shod, with a piece of iron projecting from the toe, especially if the toe has been worn off. Apply Kendall's Spavin Cure o V e r th e stifle, as directed for spavin, to remove the soreness and pain. SWEENEY. {Atrophy.) This is a wasting away of the muscles of the shoulder, and is said to be caused by some disease in the foot or leg. Treatment. Treat any disease found in the foot or leg as directed in other parts of this book. Apply to the shoulder soft soap with a little salt added, four or five times a week, and rub well. THE MANNER OF REPLACING THE PATELLA. 38 TIIOROUGIIPIN. TIIOROUGITPIN. An affection accompanying blood spavin, and generally caused by excessive labor. St/mpto7)is. A round tumor going through the leg and appearing on the outside and in front of the joint of the hock. Thoroughi)in is the same disease as blood spavin, on a more extensive scale, causing the en- largement to extend through the joint from one side to the other. Treatment. Same as for blood spavin, which see. TUMORS are swellings or enlargements of any part of the body. They vary according to their situation and nature. Treatment. The treatment varies witli tlifferent horsemen. And we would say that in some cases it might be best to have them cut out, and yet there are many otlicr cases wliich can be removed by the use of Kendall's Spavin Cure, ap]ilied as directed for spavin. We now have in mind a case of a bo7iy tumor which had been saw^ed off by a surgeon, but, from some cause, continued to grow ; after it had again reached quite a large size tlie owner of the horse began to use KendalVs Spavin Cure, and, after he liad used one or two bottles, told us that tlie tumor w^as nearly removed, and on examination we found it quite difficult to detect it. WATER FARCY is the result of weakness in the old, and of inflam- matory action in the young. By long continued labor, from twelve to eighteen hours each day, the horse, already debilitated, is by abuse made a fit subject for Avater ftirey. It is the custom of some to feed largely on Saturday night and not to visit again until ]\[onday morning, Avhen they are liable to find tlie animal, so cruelly treated, with one swol- len leg. Tlie horse holds the leg up as seen in the engraving and will generally be lame. _ He is in too much pain, and is iiS^^^R too tired, to eat, but will be very thirsty on account of the agonies which his cruel treat- the dkiveh's fikst visit on ment has brought upon him. imonday mornixg. When water farcy occurs let it be understood that it is because the horse has been w^orked too long and too hardly and that if the animal is not better cared for Farcy will be the result. Ireatment. T.et the w^ork be lighter, the nourishment sufficient and of better quality, nnd the stable kept clean and w^cll ventilated. Lead the horse out, two or three times a day, for gentle exercise. As soon as the S^^p WIND GALLS. 39 limb will bear friction let it be well ruhhed with the hands, and this re- peated often. Bathe with cold water and rub dry. If the lameness and swelling continue take two parts of alcohol and one of Kendall's Spavin Cure, mix' and bathe the leg with the mixture, and rub well. Then take iodide of potassium, one drachm, pulv. gentian, one drachm, pulv. ginger, one drachm, sulphate of iron, one drachm, linseed meal, two ozs. ; make into a ball and -give at one dose, repeating every day for several daj^s. Prepare the above balls as they are wanted each day. because the iodide of potassium should be kept in a vinl until it is wanted for use. Always begin the treatment as soon as possible. WIND GALLS. Soft swellings or enlargements just above the fetlock joints, which are caused by over- exertion or by sprains. They are of a similar nature to blood spavin and may be treated in the same way; or place exactly on the wind galls pieces of cork covered with cloth large enough to press them down, and wet with Kendall's Spavin Cure, and keep the corks pressed on the galls by the use of a rubber bandage, only removing it when the horse is used and when it is necessary to wet the compress. Apply only a little of Kendall's Spavin Cure to the compress, and be careful not to liave it so tight as to cause strangulation of the leg, but only as tight as can l)e without causing strangulation. Remove the compress as soon as there are any signs of soreness, and bathe, once or twice a day, with the Kendall's Spavin Cure, until all soreness has subsided. Care should be exercised in the use of the compress, or sores may be produced. (See directions for the treatment of bone spavin.) WORMS. There are several kmds of worms which infest the horse, some of which produce a vast amount of mischief. TENIA. {Tape Worm.) These trouble the young mostly-and are usually caused by starving the- mare when with foal, and by breeding from old animals. The dam and sire should be in perfect ^, , , , . ■ , *i , ^- „ health if a valuable colt is de- The horse rubs his nose violently against a ^ /^ i ^ • ^ wall when there is inntationfi'om worms, sired. Gentle work IS always better for the mare than to remain without work. Symptotm. When tape-worm is present there is checked develop- ment, large abdomen, large head, long legs, ravenous appetite, un- healthy coat, tliin body, fetid breath. The colt picks and bites its own hair, rubs its nose against a wall, or strains it violently upwards. Treatment. Give spirits of turpentine. For a colt three months old give from one fourth to one half ounce ; six months old one half to one 40 YELLOW WATERS. ounce; one year, one to one and a half ounces; two years, one and one half to two ounces ; four years, three to four ounces. Also procure one pound of quassia chips and pour three quarts of boiling water on to them ; then mix a proportional dose of the quassia infusion with the turpentine, and cause it to blend together by stirring in well, with yolks of eggs. Add twenty grains of powdered camphor gum and give the dose the first thing in the morning. Feed well afterward and.give, every morning until the coat is glossy, muriated tincture of iron, from one to ten drachms, according to age, and also Fowler's Solution, from one fourth to three drachms. LuMBRici. Long, round worms which are sometimes seen eighteen inches long. They prey upon the weakly, whether old or young. Treatment. Give one drachm tartar emetic, worked into a ball with linseed meal and flour, every morning, until the desired eflect is accom- plished. Or give calomel, three drachms, tartar emetic, one drachm, mixed and made into three balls, to be given at night, for three nights; and give, one day after the last ball, a good purging ball. Pin Worms. This variety of worms inhabits the rectum, and causes great itching posteriorly, which causes the horse to rub its hair off against the wall. Treatment. Most medicines are deprived of their activity because they do not reach the rectum ; therefore it is best to treat with injections which will come directly in contact with the parasites. Take one ounce catechu and a quart of M^ater, and, when dissolved, give as an injection, and repeat for seven mornings. On the eighth day give a mash; at night follow with one half oz. aloes, and one drachm of calomel. Re- peat the above if necessary. Injections of tobacco smoke work well. YELLOW WATERS. This affection is the result of liver disease and has derived its name from the characteristic color of the mem- branes of the eyes, nose and mouth, which have a peculiar yellowness that is caused by the liver's being diseased, so that its natural functions are not properly performed, and a large amount of bile is thrown back into the blood, instead of being carried oft" in its natural way, and only eliminated partially through the kidneys. It occcurs more often in the horses which are highiy fed and have nothing to do, than in any others. Treatment. Give ginger, two drachms, powdered mandrake root, one drachm, powdered aloes, four drachms; mix, and give at one dose. Feed the horse with soft feed and grass to loosen the bowels. Repeat the above dose as often as shall be necessary, which, in most cases, per- haps, would be about every other day. DOSES FOR THE HORSE. 41 DOSES FOR THE HORSE. NA^iiE OF Drug. } Aloes. Alum. Auise Seed. Aqua Ammonia. Arseuic. Assafoetida. Bicarbonate of ) Potash. j Bismuth. Black Antimony. Blue Vitrol. Calomel. Camphor. Cantharides. Carbolic Acid. Castor Oil, Cayenne. Chlorate of Potash. Copperas. CrotonOil. Digitalis leaf. Epsom Salts. Ether. Fowler's Solution Gentian Root. Ginger. Glauber-Salts. Iodide of Potassium. Linseed Oil, raw. Magnesia. Mercurial Oint- ment. Nux Vomica. Action and Use. Opium. Prepared Chalk. Quinine. Salti)eti-e. Soda Bicarb. Soda Sulphite. Solution of Lime, Spirits of Chlo- roform. Strychnia. Sulphur. Sweet Spirits of Nitre. i Tannic Acid. Laxative and Tonic. Asti'ingent. Aromatic and Stomachic. Stimulant and Antacid. f Alterative and tonic, used for ) \ Paralysis, Mange, &c. / Anti-spasmodic, Coughs, &c. Diuretic and Antacid. Good for Rheumatism. For Clu-onic Diarrhoea, &c. Promotes the Secretions. Asti-ingent and Tonic. Cathartic. Anti-spasmodic. Diuretic and Stimulant. Externally and Disinfectant. Cathartic. Stimulant and Carminative. Diuretic. Given for bloating, &c. Tonic and Astringent. Powerful purgative. Sedative and Diuretic. Cathartic and febrifuge. Anti-spasmodic. Used for skin diseases. See Ar- senic, a preparation of Tonic. Tonic, Stimulant and Stomachic. Used for flatulent colic, dys- pepsia, &c. Cathartic. Diuretic and Alterative. Used ) for Rheumatism, Dropsy, En- > larged Glands, &c. ) Cathartic and Nvitritive. I For colts as an antacid and laxa- ) \ tive. i I Used for Mange, itch, lice and I ( other parasites. ) Nervous stimulant— used for Pa- ) ralysis. * ' ) ( Anodyne and Anti-spasmodic. ^ Given in Colic, Inflammation of Bowels, Diarrhoea, &c. Antacid. Tonic, given during convalescence Diuretic and Febrifuge. Sunilar to Bicarb Potash. Antiseptic and Alterative, used for blood diseases. Antacid, used as an antidote to poisoning by acids. Anodyne and Anti-spasmodic. Tonic and Stimulant. Used for Paralysis. Alterative and Laxative. Used for Skin diseases ami Rheuma- tism. Dose. Antidote. Diuretic and Diaphoretic. Asti'ingent. 1-2 to 1 oz. 2 to 3 drs. 1-2 to 2 ozs. 1 to 4 drs. 1 to 5 grs. 1 to 3 drs. 3 to 5 drs. 1-2 to 1 oz. 1-4 to 1-2 dr, 1-2 to 1 dr. 10 to 40 grs. 1-2 to 1 dr. 3 to 6 grs. 1-2 to 1 pt. 5 to 25 grs. 1 to 2 drs. Ktoli^ (Irs. 10 tol5 d'p's 10 to 20 gTS. 2 to 8 ozs. 1-2 to 2 ozs. 1 to 4 drs. 1 to 2 drs. 2 to 5 drs. i6 to 12 ozs. 1-2 to 1 1-2 drs. 1 to 2 pts. 1-4 to 1 oz. 15 to 25 grs, 1-4 to 1 dr. 1-2 to 1 oz. 15 to .50 grs. 1 to 3 drs. 3 to 8 drs. 1-2 to 1 oz. 4 to 6 ozs. jl to 2 ozs. 1-2 to 1 gr. 1-2 to 2 ozs. iXtolK ozs. 120 to 40 grs. jVinegar. Magnesia and Oil. Vinegar and raw Linseed Oil. Infus'n of oak bark Give also lins'd oil. Eggs, Milk &c. Eggs and Milk. Eggs; soap; gruel. Opium. Stimulate. Hydrated peroxide of iron. Give freely starch or flour, with wa- ter largely. TVliites of eggs with milk given freely, r Saleratus followed ] quickly by cop- ^ peras both dis- I solved in water. Belladouua , strong coffee brandy & ammonia. Dash cold water on and keep the horse moving. Linseed oil largely. Raw. Tobj^cco. 42 DOSES FOR THE HORSE — COXTINUED. Tnrlnr Emetic. Tinclinv of Ac onitc Hoot. Tincture of Can thariilcs. Tincture Kr.t;ot. Tincture Iodine. Tincture Iron. Tr. Nux Vomica. Tincture Opium. Wliitc Vitriol. Sedative and Alterative. 1-8 to 1-2 dr.'Tannic Acid. Sedative. Used for lung fever &c. 15 to 35 d'p's Slinuilant and Tonic. Used for Pai'alvsis I'arturieut. I'^ed externally. { Tonic and Astringent. I ty])lioid diseases. I Toiiic. Stimulant in I and Dyspepsia. Anodyne and Anti-spasmodic. Astringent. Used for cuts, Avounds an* sores in solution. For a colt one month old, give one twenty-fourth of the full dose for an adult horse as given above ; thi*ee months old, one-twelfth ; six months old, one-sixth ; one year old, one-third; two years old, one half; tiu-ee years old, tlu'ee-fourths. 1 to 2 ozs. 1 to 2 ozs. 1-2 to 1 oz. 2 to 4 drs. 1 to 2 ozs. 5 to 15 grs. f Gi\e small doses of Nu? < vomica and stimulants ( largely' and keep moving. lants See Nux Vomica. See Opium. Milk, eggs and flour. IN MEASURING LIQUIDS A table spoonful is equal to half an ounce by measure. A dessert-spoonful is equal to one-fourth ounce, or two drachms. A tea-spoonful is equal to one drachm. A tea-cup is estimated to contain about four fluid ounces, or a gill. A wine glass about two fluid ounces. The above-named household implements vary in size and capacity, so that usually it is difficult to measure with them accurately ; yet, for nearly all medicines, it will be near enough for all practical purposes, except- ing some tea-cups are now made to hold six or eight ounces, so that if the medicine to be measured is poison it is well to give smaller doses if the exact capacity is not known. It is best for those having much use for measures to procure a glass graduate which will measure drachms and ounces. A VEUY FOOLISH MANNER OF TORTURING HORSES. A BETTER AND MORE HUMANE WAY OF TREATING OUR FAITHFUL FRIEND. THE AGE OF THE HORSE. 43 THE AGE OF THE HORSE, Determined by the appearance of the teeth. m.i The safest way of cleterminina: the age of a horse is hy the appearance of the teeth, ■which unik'rj;-o certain changes in the course of years. Although it may be impossible to give any rules which will be found to be exactly correct in every case yet the following classiticatiou is generally correct; but exceptions will occur, as, for instance, a noble horse may be taken f.n* ybuuirer than he really is, because the strong structure of all the bones nia'kes the teeth also stronger than those of a horse of the same age, of an inferior breed. Eight to fourteen days after hirth, the first middle nippers of the set of milk teeth are cut (Fig. 1) ; four to six weeks afterwards, the pair next to them (Fig. -1) ; and finally, after six or ei-'ht months, the last, (Fig. 3). All these milk te-eth have a well-defined body and' neck, ami a slender fang, and on their front surfaces grooves or furrows, which disappear from the middle nippers at the end of one year; from the next pair in two years; and from the incisive teeth (cutters) in thi-ee years. , Attiieageof two the nippers become loose and fall out; in theirl places appear two permanent teeth, with deep, black cavities, and full, sliarp edges (Fig. 4). At the age of three, the next pair (Fig. .5) fall out. At tour years old, the corner teeth fall out (Fig. 6). At live vears old, the lior.se has his permanent set of teeth. The teeth grow in length as the horse advances in years, but at the same time, his teeth are worn away, by use,"about one-twelfth of an inch every year; so, that the black cav- ities of the ceiitor" nippers below disappear in the sixth year (Fig. 7) ; those of the next pair in the seventh year (Fig. 8.) ; and those of the corner teeth, in the eighth year (Fig. D). Also the outer corner teeth of upper and lower jaw just meet at eight years of age. At nine years old, cups leave the two center nippers above, and each of the two upper corner teeth has a little sharp protrusion at the extreme outer corners, (Fig. 10.) At the age of ten the cups disappear from the adjoining teeth. At the age of eleven, the cups disappear from the corner teeth above, and are only in- dicated by lu'ownish spots. The oval form becomes broader, and changes, from the twelfth to the sixteenth year, more ami more into a triangular form, and the teeth lose, finally, with the twentieth year, all regularity. There is nothing remaining in the teeth that can, afterwards, clearly show the age of the horse, or justify the most experienced examiner in giving a positive opinion. The tushes or canine teeth, conical in sliape, with a sharp point, and curved, are cut between the third anri fourth year; their piunts become more and more rounded, until the ninth year, and after that,"nioi'e and move dull in the course of years, and lose, final- ly, all regular shape. Mares have, frequently, no tusks, or only very faintly indicated. 44 BREEDING. BREEDING, This very important subject is too often neglected. A common mis- take in breeding is ofteH made, that mares are bred from after they become useless for work, regardless of hereditary diseases which may be transmitted to their oftspring. It should be remembered that one of the characteristic laws of life is the reproduction in kind — "like begets like." Both parents should be selected with reference to their individual points of excellence and also so that the points of one may be adapted to the points of the other, for, although both may be excellent, individu- ally, the points which cliaracterize one may actually counteract those of the other; but if defects exist the breeder should be sure that it is merely accidental and not natural. None but sound parents should be bred from; (accidents of course are not to be regarded as unsoundness). Both parents should be free from any infirmity relative to a vicious temper or bad disposition, although the points of excellence in one may sometimes counteract the bad points BREEDING. 45 in the other relative to that defect. Great care should be exercised tliat the same defect does not exist in both. Some knowledge of the parentage of the sire and dam is therefore indispensable. For ordinary business purposes the best form of a mare to breed from is a short-legged beast, with a deep and roomy chest, wide hips, and so built in every way as to indicate a robust animal with a strong con- stitution. Always avoid, if possible, selecting a mare for breeding purposes which has ringbone, spavin or any disease that will render the oflspring liable to be afflicted with the same, by hereditary descent. The " breed " should be taken into consideration also. If it is desired to raise a carriage beast select a mare with a good, animated counte- nance, sprightly, not too nervous nor too sluggish, but with a general muscular structure. The head of the brood-mare is a point which should be always regarded, for a mare that has a large head, with a dull, stupid countenance, will not breed a good foal, unless it might be from a very sprightly, ambitious horse. The shoulder blade should be wide and long, extending nearly to the top of the withers, and so well covered with muscle as not to present any undue prominence. The neck should come out from the top of the withers and not low- down ; the fore-leg should be perpendicular so that the point of the shoulder and the toe will be in a right line; the foot should be sound and of good, syu) metrical shape. The hips should be long, oval and broad; the hock joint should be well formcil and not of the "cow-hock " or "sickle-hock " kind. In selecting a stallion the rules which we have already given should be observed, remembering that compactness is quite essential, that much goodness and strength may be condensed into a small space. The shoulder should be well back, with the shoulder blade lying obliquely, except that when it is desired to raise a slow, draught-horse a large stallion with upright shoulders should be selected. In summing up the whole matter we would say, if you would be suc- cessful in breeding do not breed into the same fnmily and blood, but select a horse of different blood unless it should be eight or ten genera- tions removed. Avoid using a horse which is defective in any particular, when the mare has the same defect, but select one as nearly perfect as possible in that point. Do not breed small mares with very large horses, for there should be mutual adaptation in size and form, as we have before stated. 46 SHOEING. SHOEING. ' With a poor hoof an otherwise vaUiable horse becomes almost worthless, so that the common saying, " no foot, no horse," is practically correct ; for this reason, the subject of hoi^se shoeing is one which should receive much atten- tion, as it is by poor shoeing that so many horses are rendered al- most valueless for life. For want of space we can only give some of the more important points which should be observed in order to preserve the hoof in a natural and healthy condition. The hoof, in its n.-itural state, is adapted only to a grassy surfjxce; so that, when we wish to bring the horse into practical use upon our hard and stony roads, it becomes necessary to protect the hoof, by shoeing, from the unnatural wear and tear which it is subjected to. It is greatly to be regretted that so large a share of the men who are permitted to do this very important work, of shoeing the horse, are so ignorant of the nature and structure of the foot and the principal rules which should guide them in doing this very important branch of work. It is a great fault of nearly all shoers that they cut and pare with the idea of improving the foot, when their aim should be, mainly, to let nature have her course as much as possible, or, in other words, to im- itate the natural condition of the foot and only pare away such parts as have become useless. The shoe should always be fitted to the foot and not the foot to the shoe as is too often practised. That part of the hoof which should not have pressure is the portion between the bar and the quarter, commonly known as the seat of corns. (For location, see engraving on lOih page.) The greatest pressure should be around the outside of the foot, for about half an inch. The frog should be allowed to come to the ground, which will pre- vent, to a certain extent, the concussion which would otherwise "take place. The frog should not be cid down, as is fr>'quently practised, nor should it be touched, when healthy, except for the purpose of cleansing SHOEING. 47 In paring the foot be very careful not to cut down the ontside, so as to allow the entire weight to rest on the inside of the shoe upon the sole ; but only cut away the dead portion of horn on the sole, and cut down the wall from heel to toe nntil the bearing is natural, leaving it even and as near its natural state as possible. A red hot shoe should not be allowed to be burned into the foot to fit it. The shoe to be selected should depend upon the condition of the foot and the condition of the roads, &c. The flat shoe, wlien properly ap- plied, leaves the foot nearest its natural shape, by allowing the horse a good, even foundation to stand upon, and is most likely to give satisfac- tion for all ordinary purposes. At some seasons of the year it will be necessary to have calks upon the shoes, but ordinarily the foot should be allowed to come as near the ground as possible. What we mean by the flat shoe is one flat upon its superior surface, which comes in direct contact with the hoof, the under surface being par- tially concave, so as to assist the horse in grasping the ground, to pre- vent slipping and to assist in progressmg. The shoe should be as big as the foot so as not to require any cutting down the hoof to make it fit the shoe, and the heels of the shoe should not be permitted to project backwards beyond the heel of the hoof more than about I of an inch. The outward margin of the shoe should just correspond with the shape of the toot, except at the heel, where the shoe should be a little wider from quarter to heel, especially on the outside. Many persons are not aware of the thinness of the hoof, which makes it quite necessary that the nail holes should be near the edge, and quite well forward in the toe, so as to avoid driving the nails into the quick, which would cause serious lameness and injury. Do not rasp under the nail clinches, nor over them; and do not use the rasp at all on the outside of the hoof, not even below the clinches, except just enough near the shoe to round the edge, and do not cut down the hoof if j'ou have used a shoe which is too small. A nail for a horse's foot differs materially from every other kind of nail, not only in shape, but in the quality of iron from which it should be made; it is important that it should be made from thr? very best of iron, free from flaws, seams, liability to sliver, and all sulphurous gases in the process of manufacture. It is presumed that every sheer knows' that a nail forged hot, from the end of a rod, needs no argument to con- vince any one that a belter nail is thus obtained than by punching, rolling and shearing them from a cold plate. The numerous and well- authenticated cases where valuable horses have be(;n ruined by using cold rolled nails are enough to deter any first-class shot r from driving any- thing but a Hot Forged nail, even if their cost should be double that of 48 SHOEING. the cold rolled nail, because no shoer can take the risk of injuring his customer's horse. Use only the very best of nails ; drive as small and few nails as will hold the shoe firmly and securely to its place. See that the nails fill the holes and the heads the crease, leaving little, if any, to project beyond the ground surfiice when finished, thus preventing the clinch from ris- ing when brought in contact with stones, and saving the injuring of the ankle. This drawing is made from a nail such as are used in Oriental countries, for attaching shoes to their horses feet and have been employed since the 15th century. This is an ordinary hand-made nail made from the rod when at a welding heat and still in use in England and Europe, and also in the United States, until the introduction of the Putnam Hot Forged, Nails which were the first successfully in- troduced Hot Forged machine nails, and this drawing shows the similarity of manufacture to that of the hand make, and when in a finished condition it is identical with those of hand-make when ready for use, and has no equal in the long •list of machine made nails. This drawing is a cross section of iron from which the cold punched and sheared nails are made by forcing a blank therefrom by means of a punch which gives a blank similar to No. 1. No. 2 the same as No. 1 but made liot instead of cold. These blanks are put through a series of rollers and drawn into the form of No. 3, with an indentation on the thin end for the scarfed points, which conduct the nail out of the hoof. No. 4 represents the piece which is removed by shearing the blade of No. 3, and pro- duces th« nail No. 5, complete. All are aware, that the rolling of iron SHOEING. 49 irvuiy>*^_^^ CO cold produces what is termed lamina- tion, causing the iron to separate in layers as shown in Fig. 1 a. But as the compression of shearing holds the edges together, it does not show itself until driven into the hoof, when the horny fibres cause them to separate while being driven, and one portion i s forced i?iio the foot and the oth- er otit through the wall of the hoof, thus causing lameness, lockjaw and death as has been frequently the case since the introduction of cold rolled nails, which the records of state courts, as well as the testimony of celebrated horse owners, abundantly show. This drawing was taken from a hoof to show the result of a cold rolled and sheared pointed nail which produced the death ^ of a valuable animal and for . V- F ^ ^J^VJm\^^i£4 which carelessness the owner received no remuneration. 50 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS, For Colic. {See treatment of Colic.) No. 1. Take of laudanum, 1 ounce, spirits of turpentine, \h ounces; mix, and give at one dose, in three times the amount of warm water. No. 2. Sulphuric ether, \h ounces, laudanum, 1 ounce, essence peppermint, 2 ounces, water, 16 ounces; mix, and shake well before giving. -^ For Heaves. {See Treatment of Heaves.') No. 1. One teaspoonful of lobelia, given in the feed, once a day, for a week, and then once or twice a week, will stop them for a time. No. 2. Balsam copaiba, 1 ounce, spirits of turpentine, 2 ounces, bal- sam fir, 1 ounce, cider vinegar, 16 ounces ; mix, and give a tablespoon- ful once a day. No. 3. Saltpetre, 1 ounce, indigo, h ounce, rain water, four pints; mix, and give a pint a day. No. 4. Liquorice, elecampane, wild turnip, fenugreek, skunk-cab- bage, lobelia, cayenne, and ginger, equal parts of each ; mix, and give a tablespoonful once or twice a day ; if the horse refuses to eat it in feed, make it into a ball and give. Contracted Hoof or Sore Feet. No. 1. Take equal parts of soft fat, yellow w^ax, linseed oil, Venice turpentine, and Norway tar ; first melt the wax, then add the others, mixing tlioroughly. Apply to the edge of the hair once a day. No. 2. Benzine, 1 ounce, salts of nitre, 1 ounce, alcohol, 3 ounces, aqua ammonia, 2 ounces, Venice turpentine, 8 ounces. IVIix, apply to the edge of the hair, and all over the hoof, once a day, for ten days, then twice a week for a short time. No. 3. Rosin, 4 ounces, lard, 8 ounces; heat them over a slow fire, then take oft' and add, powdered verdigris 1 ounce, and stir well to pre- vent its running over; when partly cool add 2 ounces spirits of turpen- tine. Apply to the hoof about one inch down from the hair. MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 51 Horse Liniments. No. 1. Oil spike, oil origanum, oil hemlock, oil wormwood, aqua ammonia, camphor gum, of each 2 ounces; olive oil, 4 ounces, alcohol, one quart. Mix. This is an excellent liniment for man or beast. No. 2. Oil origanum, oil amber, sweet oil, of each one ounce; oil spike, aqua ammonia, and oil of turpentine, of each two ounces. Mix. No. 3. Linseed oil, 8 ounces, turpentine, 8 ounces, oil origanum, 4 ounces. Mix well. This is excellent for sprains and bruises, and is good as a general liniment. No. 4. Oil spike, 1 ounce, oil origanum, 2 ounces, alcohol, 16 ounces. Good for lameness resulting from almost any cause. No. 5 Take equal parts of alcohol, chloroform, aqua ammonia, Jamaica rum and water, and mix. For Scratches and Grease Heel. ** No 1. Balsam fir, 4 ounces, lard, 4 ounces. Stir, with a gentle heat, until thoroughly mixed. Wash the sores well with castile soap and apply. No. 2. Sugar of lead, 2 ounces, borax, 1 ounce, sweet oil, 6 ounces; mix. and apply twice daily, after washing with castile soap, and drying. No. 3. Tincture of myrrh, 2 ounces, glycerine, 4 ounces, tincture of arnica, 2 ounces. Mix thoroughly and apply two or three times a day, after cleansing, as above, with castile soap. No. 4. Take ^ ounce, of powdered verdigris and one pint of rum, or proof spirits. Mix, and apply once or twice a day. This works nicely for grease heel or mud fever. No. 5. Take of oxide of zinc, 1 drachm, lard, 1 ounce, powdered gum benzoin, ten grains, camphorated spirits, one drachm. Mix thoroughly and rub on twice a week. Do not wash after the first application. Cuts, "Wounds and Sores. No. 1. Take of lard 4 ounces, beeswax, 4 ounces, rosin, 2 ounces, carbolic acid, i ounce. Mix the three first and melt, then add the carbolic acid, stirring until cool. This is excellent for man, as well as beast. No. 2. Tincture aloes, 1 ounce, tincture mj'rrh, i ounce, tincture opium, ^ ounce, water, four ounces, mix, and apply night and morning. No. 3. Tincture opium, 2 ounces, tannin, i ounce. ]\Iix. No. 4. Carbolic acid, 1 ounce, soft water, 1 quart. Mix. Sweeney. No. 1. i^anish flies, camphor giun, and cayenne, of each 1 ounce, alcohol, 10 ounces, spirits turpentine, 6 ounces, oil origanum, 2 ounces. Mix. 52 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. No. 2. Alcohol, 16 ounces, spirits turpentine, 10 ounces, muriate of ammonia, 1 ounce. Mix. No. 3. Alcohol, water, spirits of turpentine and soft soap, of each, 1 pint; salt, 6 ounces. Mix. Poll evil and Fistula. No. 1. Copperas, 1 drachm, blue vitriol, 2 drachms, common salt, 2 drachms, white vitriol, 1 drachm, mix, and powder fine. Fill a goose- quill with the powder, and push it to the bottom of the pipe, having a stick in the top of the quill, so that you can push the powder out of the quill, leaving it at the bottom of the pipe; repeat again in about four days, and in two or three days from that time you can take hold of the pipe and remove it, without trouble. No. 2. Tincture of opium 1 drachm, potash, 2 drachms, water, 1 ounce ; mix, and when dissolved inject into the pipes with a small syringe, having cleansed the sore with soap-suds ; repeat every two days until the pipes are completely destroyed. No. 3. Take a small piece of lunar caustic, place in the pipe, after being cleansed with soap suds, then fill the hole with sweet oil. Bots. Take new milk, 2 quarts, syrup, 1 quart; mix, and give the whole, and, in fifteen or twenty minutes after, give 2 quarts of warm, strong sage tea; half an hour after the tea, give 1 quart of raw linseed oil, or if the oil cannot be had give lard*instead. Ointment for Horses. Bees-wax, 2 ounces, rosin, 3 ounces, lard, 4 ounces, carbolic acid, 1 drachm, honey, i ounce, melt all together and bring slowly to a boil, then remove from the fire, and add slowly, 1 gillof spirits of turpentine, stirring all the time until cool ; used with good success for galls, cracked heels, flesh wounds or bruises. Condition Powders. No. 1. Gentian, fenugreek, sulphur, saltpetre, cream of tartar, of each two ounces; resin, black antimony, of each 1 ounce; ginger, liquor- ice, 3 ounces each; cayenne, I ounce, pulverized and mixed thoroughly; dose: 1 tablespoonful, once or twice a day, mixed with the feed; used with good success for coughs, colds, distemper, hide bound, and nearly all diseases for which Condition Powders are given. No. 2. Fenugreek, 4 ounces, ginger, 6 ounces, anise, pulverized, 4 ounces, gentian, 2 ounces, black antimony, 2 ounces, hard wood ashes, 4 ounces; mix all together; excellent to give a horse an appetite. No. 3. Liquorice, 4 ounces, fenugreek, 4 ounces, elecampane, 4 ounces blood root, 1 ounce, tartar emetic, h ounce, ginger and cayenne, MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 53 each, 1 ounce; mix, and give a tablespoonful 2 or three times a rlaj' in the feed. One of the best condition powders for luiy cough, cold, dis- temper or epizootic : also excellent for heaves. For heaves, 1 ounce of lobelia and camj^hor may be added. Liniments for Horses. No. 1. Olive oil, 2 ounces, aqua ammonia, 1 ounce, mix; and add 2 ounces oil origanum, 2 ounces, spirits of turpentine, i ounce, oil of worm-wood, strongest alcohol, 1 pint. This liniment is excellent for any lameness, also good for spavins, ringbones, curbs, etc., if used when they make the first appearance. Xo. 2. Oil of spike, 1 ounce, oil of origanum, 4 ounces, aqua am- monia, 2 ounces, tincture of cayenne pepper, 4 ounces, beefs gall, one gill, camphor gum, 1 ounce, alcohol, 1 pint; mix; used for the same purposes as Xo. 1. Xo. 3. Best vinegar, 1 quart, saltpetre, pulverized, 4 ounces, worm- wood, 4 ounces; mix, and steep in a dish well covered; strain and press the herbs; valuable for bruises, swellings and sprains. Saddle and Harness Galls, Bruises, &e.. Xo. 1. Tincture of opium, 2 ounces, tannin, 2 drachms; mix, and apply twice a day. Xo. 2. Take white lead and linseed oil, and mix as for paint, and apply two or three times a day ; this is good for scratches, or any wounds on a horse. Eyewater for Horses. Sugar of lead, 1 drachm, tincture of opium, 2 drachms, soft water, 1 pint; mix, and wash the eye two or three times a day. Founder. Xo. 1. Vinegar, 3 pints, cayenne pepper, i drachm, tincture of aconite root, 15 drops; mix, and boil down to 1 quart; when cool, give it as a drench ; blanket the horse well ; after the horse has perspired for an hour or more, give one quart of raw linseed oil ; this treatment will be found good for horses foundered by eating too much grain. Xo. 2. Some recommend for liorses foundered on gram, to bleed about 1 gallon, then to drench the horse with 1 quart of raw linseed oil ; after this to rub the fore legs well, and for a long time, with very warm water, having a little tincture of opium mixed with it. As the horse will not recover from loss of blood for a long time it is usually better to adopt the treatment given in Xo. 1. 54 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. Anodyne Drenches. No. 1. Tincture of opium, 1 ounce, stnrch gruel, 1 quart; mix. No. 2. Sweet spirits of nitre, 1 ounce, tincture of opium, 1 ounce, essence of peppermint, i ounce, water 1 pint; mix. No. 3. Tincture of opium, 1 ounce, spirits of camphor, i ounce, anise, i ounce, sulphuric ether, 1 ounce, water, 1 pint; mix. Diabetes. Sugar of lead, 10 grains, alum, 30 grains, catechu, 1 drachm, tincture of opium, i ounce, water, 1 pint; mix. Farcy and Glanders. No. 1. Iodide of potassium, Ij drachms, copperas, ^ drachm, ginger, 1 drachm, gentian, 2 drachms, powdered gum arable and syrup to form a ball. No. 2. Calomel, ^ drachm, turpentine, ^ ounce, blue vitriol, 1 drachm, gum arable and syrup, to form a ball. No. 3. i ounce sulphite of soda, 5 grains Spanish flies, powdered; mix, and give at night in cut feed for several weeks ; give at the same time, every morning and noon, 3 drachms powdered gentian, 2 drachms powdered blue vitrol; give the medicines for a long time; feed well. This is the best^ treatment that can be given for this disease. Fever Balls. No. 1. Saltpetre, 2^ drachms, tartar emetic, i drachm, flaxseed meal, 1 ounce, camphor, ^ drachm, ginger, 2 drachms; mix, and form into a ball ; repeat three or four times a day if necessary. No. 2. Tincture of aconite, ten drops, tartar emetic, i drachm, salt- petre, 1 drachm, ginger, 2 drachms, linseed meal, 1 ounce; mix, and form into a ball ; repeat three or four times a day if necessary. Diuretic and Tonic Balls. Copperas, Ih drachm, ginger, 1 drachm, gentian, 1 drachm, saltpetre, 3 drachms, rosin, k ounce, flaxseed meal, 1 ounce; mix, and form into a baU. Diuretic Balls. No. 1. Saltpetre, 3 drachms, rosin, 4 drachms, castile soap, 2 drachms, fenugreek, 3 drachms, flaxseed meal, 1 ounce; mix, and, form into a ball. No. 2. Oil of juniper, ^ drachm, rosin and saltpetre, each, 2 drachms, camphor, t drachm, castile, soap, 1 ounce, flaxseed meal, 1 ounce ; mix, and form into a ball. MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 55 This engkaving illustrates the folly of a heavy man's RIDING A COLT HARD ALL DAY. Be MERCIFUL TO YOUR BEAST. Cordial Balls. No. 1. Anise, powdered, h ounce, ginger, 1 drachm, gentian, 1 drachm, fenugreek, 2 drachms ; mix. No. 2. Caraway and ginger, each, 2 drachms, anise, gentian and fenugreek, each, 1 ounce; mix. No. 3. Camphor, 1 drachm, anise, 3 drachms, tincture of opium, I ounce, powdered extract of liquorice, 3 drachms, flaxseed meal, 1 ounce; mix. Astringent and Cordial, No. 1. Opium, 12 grains, camphor, i drachm, catechu, 1 drachm; mix. No. 2. Opium, 10 grains, camphor, 1 drachm, ginger, 2 drachms, castile soap, 2 drachms, anise, 3 drachms, liquorice, 2 drachms ; mix. Alternative and Laxative Balls. No. 1. Linseed meal, 1 ounce, aloes, h ounce, castile soap, h ounce; mix. No. 2. Ginger, 1 drachm, castile soap, 2 drachms, Barbadoes aloes pulverized, 6 drachms, flaxseed meal, 1 ounce. 56 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. Tonic Ball. Ginger, 2 drachms, genti.an, 1 drachm, Peruvian bark, i ounce, fenu- greek, i ounce; mix, and form a ball. Diuretics. Take of balsam copaiba, 2 ounces, sweet spirits of nitro, 3 ounces, spirits of turpentine, 2 ounces, oil of juniper, 2 ounces, tincture of cam- phor, 2 ounces; mix; shake the bottle before pouring the medicine; dose for adult horse, two tablespoonfuls. in a pint of milk, repeated every four to six hours, if necessary. This is a reliable preparation for kidney difficulties. Cough Mixtures. No. 1. Oil of tar, given as directed for treatment of heaves, is one of the best remedies for nearly all coughs. No. 2. Take of alcohol, ^ pint, balsam of iir, 2 ounces; mix well, and add all the tar it will cut. Shake well before using. Dose from one to two teaspoonfuls two or three times a day. Farcy. Nitrate of potash, 4 ounces, black antimony, 2 ounces, sulphite of soda, 1 ounce, elecampane, 2 ounces; mix ; dose, one tablespoonful, once or twice a day. ITasal Gleet. No. 1. Copperas, 2 ounces, pulverized gentian, 3 ounces, elecampane, 1 ounce, linseed meal, 3 ounces ; mix, and give from i to 1 tablespoon- full, twice a day. No. 2. Aloes, 6 ounces, pulverized nux vomica, 3 draclims, flaxseed meal, 4 ounces, make into eight poAvders and give one or two eacli day. Cracked Heels. Tar, 8 ounces, beeswax, 1 ounce, rosin, 1 ounce, alum, 1 ounce, tallow, 1 ounce, sulphate of iron, 1 ounce, carbolic acid 1 drachm ; mix, and boil over a slow fire. Skim olf the filth, and add 2 ounces of the scrap- ings of sweet elder. Thrush. No. I. Wash the feet well, with castile soap and water, and sprinkle a small quantitj'^ of pulverized blue vitriol in the cleft, and then fill up all the cavities with cotton and press it in so as to keep out all dirt, and repeat as often as necessary until the cure is complete. No. 2. Blue vitriol and copperas, of each one ounce, burnt alum, 2 ounces, white vitriol, i ounce ; mix. MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 57 Water Farcy. No. 1. Saltpetre, 2 ounces, copperas, 2 ounces, ginger, 1 ounce, fenu- greek, 2 ounces, anise, h ounce, gentian, 1 ounce; mix and divide into eight powders; give two or three each day. Xo. 2. Gentian, 1 ounce, ginger, J ounce, anise, 1 ounce, elecampane, 2 ounces, blue vitriol, 1 ounce, flaxseed meal, 2 ounces, saltpetre, 2 ounces ; mix, and divide into eight powders. Moderate daily exercise and rubbing the limbs are useful. Healing Preparations. No. 1. Carbolic acid, 1 ounce, soft water, 2 pints; mix. Xo. 2. White vitriol, 1 ounce, soft water, 2 pints ; mix. No. 3. Pulverized camphor, 1 drachm, prepared chalk, 6 drachms, burnt alum, 4 drachms; mix. Sprinkle over the sore. No. 4. Tincture of opium, 1 ounce, tannin, 1 drachm; mix and shake well before using. Excellent for galls of collar, saddle, or in fact for any purpose requiring a healing astringent. For Galled Back or Shoulders. Tincture of arnica, 1 ounce, vinegar, 6 ounces, brandy, 4 ounces, sal- ammoniac, 2 ounces, soft water, 1 pint ; mix, and bathe with it often. For Unhealtliy Ulcers. Nitric acid, 1 ounce, blue vitriol, 3 ounces, soft water, fifteen ounces. For Fresh Wounds. Copperas, 2 drachms, white vitriol, 3 drachms, gunpowder, 2 drachms, boiling soft water, 2 quarts ; mix ; when cool it is ready for use. Healing Mixture. Cosmoline, 5 ounces, carbolic acid, 1 drachm; mix. This is one of the very best of mixtures for any sore, especially for such cases as are inclined not to heal readil3^ To Cure Mange. Oil Tar, 1 ounce, lac sulphur, 1^ ounces, whale oil, 2 ounces ; mix. Rub a little on the skin wherever the disease appears, and continue, daily, for a week, and then wash off with castile soap and warm water. Healing Mixture for Cuts. Balsam copaiba, 2 ounces, tincture of myrrh, 3 ounces; mix. This is a good healing mixture. 68 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. Sore Lips. The lips become sore frequently at the angles of the mouth, from bruising with the bit. They can be cured by applying the following mixture. Tincture of myrrh, 2 ounces, tincture of aloes, 1 ounce, and tincture of opium, i ounce; mix, and apply three or four times a day. For Sore Mouth and Lips. Borax, 1 ounce. Tannin, ^ ounce. Glycerine, 8 ounces ; mix, and ap- ply, two or three times a day, with a swab. For Sprains, &c. Hog's lard and spirits of turpentine ; mix, and place in the hot sun- shine for four or five days. Apply four or five times a week. Eyewater. White vitriol and saltpetre, of each one scruple, pure soft water, 8 ounces ; mix. This should be applied to the inflamed lids 3 or 4 times a day, and if the inflammation does not lessen in 1 or 2 days it may be injected directly into the eye. The writer has used this for his own eyes, reduced half with water and dropped directly into the eye, which would cause the eye to smart considerably for about five minutes, when he would bathe the eye with cold water for a few minutes, and, by repeating this 3 or 4 times a day, it has given the very best of satisfaction.' It does nicely many times to just close the eye and bathe the outside freely. For Poll Evil, Fistula, or any Indolent Ulcer. Fill the sore to the bottom with ashes from burnt corn cobs ; repeat two or three times if necessary, or until a cure is efiected. For Colic. Take of gum myrrh, 1 ounce, gum camphor, 1 ounce, powdered gum guaiac, I ounce, cayenne, I ounce, sassafras bark powdered, 1 ounce, spirits turpentine, 1 ounce, oil origanum, i ounce, oil hemlock, ^ ounce, pulverized opium, i ounce, strongest alcohol, 2 quarts; mix all together and shake often for eight or ten days and filter or strain through flan- nel. Dose from 1 to 3 tablespoonfuls, according to the severity of the case; give in a pint of milk. We never have known the above remedy to fail of giving relief when given for colic, in horses. In many cases where it has been used it has MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 69 given immediate relief even thoiigti various other remedies had failed of giving any relief. It makes one of the very best of Pain Killers for family use, and we advise all to keep it on hand. For Flesh Wounds. To prevent inflammation or tendency to sloughing or mortification, take 1 pound saltpetre, 2 gallons water, 3 pints proof spirits; mix, and inject into the wound with a sj-ringe three times a day until it heals. In treating deep wounds or those of a dangerous character, especially if the animal is inclined to be fat, give a dose of physic, feed bran, carrots, &c. No grain should be fed and grass is more desirable than hay. If grass is fed freely physic is not necessary. For Removing Enlargements, &o. Oil spike, 1 ounce, camphor, 1 ounce, oil origanum, 2 ounces, oil amber, 1 ounce, spirits turpentine, 2 ounces. Rub on the mixture thoroughly, two or three times a week. For Bruises, Cuts, &c., on Horse or Man. Tincture arnica, 1 ounce, sassafras oil, h ounce, laudanum, 1 ounce ; mix. Shake well before using. Bandage lightly, and keep wet with the mixture. Quarter Crack. The best way to cure quarter crack is to open the heel on that side between bar and frog, cutting down pretty well, (not sufficient to cause bleeding,) until the quarter will give freely ; then put on a shoe that will expand the heel. It is also necessary in this ease that the inner heel should be opened or spread, as the hoof is simply too small for the foot; if this is properly done the point is directly reached. Some recommend, in addition to this, burning with a hot iron a crease across at the upper edge of hoof. If this is done properly the hoof will not split any more. The hoof may now be more rapidly grown if de- sired. Opening the foot and the shoe is the point of success. Quittor. Corrosive sublimate, i ounce, muriatic acid 20 drops, soft water, 2 ounces ; m.ix the two hist and shake well, then add the tirst. Inject a little with a glass syringe one or two times, being careful to inject to the bottom. Warm poultices, used for several days, generally work well. GO MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. To Grow Hair. ;Mix sweet oil, 1 pint, sulpiiur, 3 ounces. Shake well, and rub well into the dock twice a week. "• For Worms. Calomel, 1 drachm, tartar emetic, ^ drachm, linseed meal, 1 ounce, fenugreek, 1 ounce. Mix and give in feed at night, and repeat the dose for two or three times, and follow with U pints of raw linseed oil, about 6 hours after the last powder has been given. Grease Heal. Chloride of zinc, U drachms, water, 10 ounces, glycerine, 8 ounces; mix. If there is much discharge, appl3' a poultice for several hours, followed by application of tlie above, after cleansing well with soft water and castile sonp. TJie following powders sliould be given at the same time in the feed, evei-y nii^lit, for a week or two. Bicarbonate of soda, 1 ounce, arsenic, 1 drachm, iodide of iron, ^ ounce, fenugreek, 2 ounces, ginger, 2 ounces, elecampane, 1 ounce; mix thoroughly and divide mto 12 powders. For Distemper. Hops, 2 ounces, carbolic acid 30 drops, boiling water, 2 gallons. Mix the hops and carbolic acid with tlie boiling water and compel the animal to inhale the steam for 15 or 20 minutes at a time, and repeat three times a day. Apply a strong mustard paste to the throat, and place a Avarm poultice over the paste. Feed warm mashes and boiled vegeta- bles; keep the stable comfortably warm and the air pure. Give the following powders once a day. Powdered Peruvian bark, 2 ounces, powdered gentian, 1 ounce, powdered copperas, 1 ounce; mix, and di- vided into 8 powalers. Thrush. Take white vitriol, 2 ounces, soft water, 8 ounces. Mix, and apply to the diseased sur^ice, after the ragged parts have been cut away and thoroughly cleansed. Pack the cavities with cotton batting, so as to keep out all dirt. For Bingworm. Apply mercurial ointment 3 or 4 times a week. For Brittle and. Contracted Hoofs. . Take of castor oil, Barbadoes tar and soft soap, equal parts of each; melt all together and stir while cooling, and apply a little to the hoof 3 or 4 times a week. TO HORSE OWNERS. 61 TO HORSE OWNERS. All mnst admit that we live in an age of improvements; and that we enjoy what our forefathers never even dreamed of— in the fast and easy transportation, rapid comrannication from continent to continent, and the use of the hundreds of labor saving machines; and yet before or even when these great discoveries were first made known to the public how many there were (like Thomas) who doubted : but " time will prove all things," and so it has been with all these inventions which were once said to be impossibilities, for now we know them to be of the great value which their originators claimed for them. In the year 1875 it was claimed by the publisher of this book, that he had discovered a combination of remedies which would cure bone spavins and remove the enlargement v/ithout blistering or causing any sore. Like all other discoveries this too was scouted at when first an- nounced to the public, and, as might naturally have been expected, by G2 TO HORSE OWNERS. tliose who know most about the usual manner of treating this diffi- culty, and by those who had tried faithfully everything they could learn of ever being used, but only meeting Avith dissappointment with each trial of the vaunted remedy. This class (being horsemen) knew that a bone spavin made an otherwise valuable horse of but little worth, for they knew how frequently the most powerful remedies had been used, such as blisters, which were so powerful as to destroy the tissues, and also the red hot iron, which was worse if possible, and still the horse left as bad or ivorse than before anything had l)een used — therefore after so many disappointments of this kind it would be very natural for men having such an experience to say it Avas impossible to cure a spavin and remove the bunch, and to do it with a remedy so mild as not to blister But, as we said before, time will prove all things, and so it has been with Kendairs Spavin Cure, and those who were the first to condemn it are now the loudest in its praise; (I mean tliose who were horse^nen, and who knew that if a cure was to be accomplished there was some- thing needed more than to simply make a few liasty and perhaps faulty applications, and therefore would use the Spavin Cure with patience, according to directions.) The time was, in the practice of medicine, when about every patient was subjected to tlie rash treatment of bleeding and salivation from the indiscriminate use of calomel, but time has proved these plans of treat- ment to be more fruitful of damage than otherwise, so they have become among the things of the past. A similar reform is now taking place in the treatment of the horse, the most useful animal ever created ; and horsemen are beginnii>g to learn that a horse needs more humane treatment than he has received in the past, and the cases are vei^y rai'e which require the powerful remedies that have been in use; and I think we can safely say that those cases never occur which require the use of the red hot iron, and the men are very few that would allow this bar- barous treatment to be practised upon their own person ; and we ask why any man should allow the noble animal to be subjected to any treat- ment that he would not submit to upon his own person? Could the horse, like Balaam's animal, be for a moment endowed with the power of speech, he would say — do not subject me to any treatment Avhich you consider too cruel for yourself; for we, like you, have been created with nerves of sensibility, so that pain is as hard for us to endure as for you, and therefore we ask that you will always have mercy upon us, (as a merciful man should do) and consider, before treating us, (or neglecting to do so,) whether it is doing Just as you would be done by. It might be of interest to some for us to state here how^ Kendall's Spavin Cure happened to be discovered. TO HORSE OWNERS. 63 Our Expekience with Bone Spavin". The proprietor having a horse which he prized, for her goodness and gentleness, and which in some way became spavined, was under the necessity of resorting to the popular remedies in use at that time, for the treatment of the spavin; after a few weeks' treatment the outlook seemed to be rather discouraging ; but as we had had experience as a practising physician, and also the benefits of all the receipts which were said to be cures — having been in the drug business for several years, and filled the receipts from the various liorsemen in onr vicinity — we felt that our experience had been such that we were certainly equal to the task, if any one was, and so we continued, first with this liniment, and then with the other, until we had gone tiu-ough with th(; whole cata- logue of the (so called) '* stire curcs.''^ We took counsel of the various horsemen who were quite sure their receipts would be just the thing, but when informed that all this and more too had been used we received but little consolation. As the horse was no better, and several weeks had elapsed since we began the treatment, our fiiith in th« power of any remedy to even stop the lameness (say nothing of removing the enlarge- ment) was very weak ; but still we were finally persuaded that a thorough use of blisters might cure and it was our only hope, and we therefore proceeded to torment the poor animal by applying blisters about every two weeks and givmg the horse rest until six blisters had been* applied, during which time the horse was allowed to remain (nearly all summer)- in the barn, and as the horse was no better, that we could perceive, it will be easy for any one to imagine our feelings in regard to the power of aiiy remedy to cure bone spavin, and then we, like many others were very positive in our opinion that there was nothing which would cure a bone spavin, and finally stopped all treatment. About six weeks after we had stopped all treatment, we decided to give the case another trial, for it seemed to us that there was something that would effect a cure if we could only get the right- thing. Instead of using the remedies w^hich every body said were sure cures, we began to reason about the matter, and it occurred to us that if we had been treat- ing a human being we should have treated him in a more humane manner, and therefore we compounded a mixture which was entirely diff"erent from anything we had ever heard of being used, and again be- gan to treat the horse, and, to our great surprise, in a short time, (about two weeks), the lameness all sul^sided ; and, by continuing the treat- ment a while afba* the lameness had subsided, the enlargement was en- tirely removed. I could hardly realize what a wonderful cure had finally been accomplished, but, after preparing the same mixture for a great many cases, without hearing of its failing to cure in a single 64 " TO HORSE OWNERS. case, I was tlion fully satisfied of the gi'eat worth of this remedy to horse owners, and began to put it up for tlie public; and since that time the cures which it has eilccted have been almost innumerable, and now those who are most capable of judging of its merits pronounce it to be the best remedy for the purposes for which it is prepared that tliey have ever known to be used. We therefore ofier the KcndalVs Spavin Cure to the public witli per- fect confidence, believing that in nearly if not every case in which a man might reasoiiably expect a cm-e, if he uses the Spavin Cure thor- oughly and patiently, according to the directions, he will eiTect a euro. By the words " thoroughly and patiently " used above we mean to use as directed on bottle, by rubbing down to the skin iveil, as what remains on the hair has no effect, and by applying over the size of the whole of the enlargement ; but there is no good reason for applying all over the leg be- cause one desu-es to be thorough and cover the whole of the bunch, for what is applied to the space outside of the enlargement is only wasted — but we frequently find parties who apply it almost indiscriminately to the whole of the hock joint, when a space the size of a cent, perhaps, would be all that was necessary, and therefore the bottle of Spavin Cure is used, or rather wasted, m a very few days, and the man finds his horse no better, and drops the use of the Cure, and perhaps condemns it, when he has Hot given it the slightest fair chance to effect a cure; By the .word "patiently'" we would be understood to mean, to apply it accord- ing to directions, for a long time, if necessary for no difficulty of so serious a nature as Spavin is, can be removed by any remedy in only a few days ; and if any man would stop to consider he might know that it would be impossible. We might occupy many pages in relating our experience and in giving full directions for the use of Kendall's Spavin Cure, but will not add more here except to say iise good common sense in applying it, and in the use of the horse. Please look over the following testimonials, many of which are from tlie most prominent gentlemen, and horse owners, in the country. Also see treatment given for bone spavin, &c. TESTIMONIALS. 65 What some of our Agents say of it- Any one doubting the genuineness of any of tlie following recommendations is ear- nestly requested to cori'espoud with the parties themselves, and if a three cent stamp is enclosed it will be quite sure to bring a reply. Office of C. M. Moseman & Bro., Manufacturers of and Dealers in Harness, Horse Clothing, &c. 1-2S Chambers St., Xew York City, Jan. 22d, 1878. Dr. B. J. KENT3ALL.— Dear Sir:— We take great pleasure in stating to you that the sale of your Kendall's Spavin Cure has been, without exception, the most satisfactory of any horse liniment we have ever kept in our stock. We have sold it to many of the best horse men m our city and they all tell us freelj" that it does the work to their entire sat- isfaction. Capt. Rynders, owner of "Aberdeen," told us to-day it was worth §5. per bottle, and if it coiild not be got for less he would give it. Trusting that every horse owner will lind out the good qualities, we are Yours Truly, C. M. M0SE:\LVN & BRO. Later from the same firm. New York, Dec. 24th, 1879. B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents :— You will please send us 6 dozen of your Spavin Cure and 1 dozen Blister as we are about out. This makes, we think, our last order for this year, and if the demand improves next year as fast as it has this, we think it will out-sell any Horse liniment (for which a practical cure is sure to follow) ever introduced in this market. We have not heard the first complaint of its not doing what is claimed for it out of the many thousand bottles we have sold. We are perfectly satisfied that there never was anything made to equal it nor can there be any thing to take its place, as it removes the trouble and no remedy can do more. Yours &c., C. M. MOSEMAX & BRO. COXCORD, N. H. January 2nd, 1880. B. J. Kentjall & Co.— Gentlemen :— We have a beautiful roan mare that was given to us on account of a spavin on her leg, which made her dead lame. We took off her shoes and allowed her to run in tl*e barn yard in the fall of the year, applying "Kendall's Spavin Cure " according to directions. "We did not use her for a month. She was en- tirely cured, and the bunch completely removed, and has never been lame since. We state what we knoAV to be a fact. We have sold 12 dozen bottles in the short time that we have acted as your agents in Concord. Respectfully Yours, UNDERHILL & KITTREDGE. Apothecaries. Office of Peter Hayden & Co., Xos. 45 & 47 Lake St. CniCAGO, III., Mar. IGth 1878. Du. B. .1. Kexd.\ll— Dear Sir : — As to your "Kendall's Spavin Cure" we will most freely say that in our sales of same Ave have ever found that it brings back the good words of the user, and we have letters on file, too many to re-write, which speak in the highest terms of your " Spavin Cure." We have no fear in always recommenaingit, with our experience and belief of its virtues. Respectfully, P. HAYDEN & Co. P. Hayden, Wm. B. Hayden, C. H. Allen, Albert Hayden. Office of "Wells, Richardson & Co. Wliolesalc Dniggists. BURLIXGTOX, Vt., Dec. 24th, 1879. B. J. Keldall & Co.— Gents :— Your Spavin Cure is having a very extensive sale. We consider Kendall's Spavin Cure to be a very valuable remedy, and our customers speak very highly of it. Our sales of the same are increasing very fast, and all whom we deal with claim' that it does all vou claim for it Yours &C., WELLS, RICHARDSON & CO. 66 TESTIMONIALS. If you do not want two feet in the same stirrup when you take your morning ride do not buy a horse with the string-halt, as the disease is incurable. Office of Geo. C. Goodwin, New England Patent Medicine Ware House. 38 Hanover St., Boston, Mass., Dec. 16th, 1879. B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents :— We have sold " Kendall's Spavin Cure " for a number of years, and the sale is continually increasing, which speaks volumes for the article. We have never heard a word of complaint, which proves that it does all that is claimed for It. Yours Trulv, GEO. C. GOODWIN & CO. Office of Dr. F. S. Slosson, Druggist. •223 Superior St., Cleveland, Ohio, Jan. 6th, 1880. B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents .-—The sale of "Kendall's Spavin Cure" is increasmg daily and the reports of its efficacy are more favorable and frequent. I think it is des- tined to have an unprecedented sale in this market, which will be entirely on its merits. Yours &c. F. S. SLOSSON. Office of Dr. T. J. Casper, Druggist and Pharmacist, Manufacturer of Standard Remedies. 41 East Main St., Springfield, Ohio, Jan. 7th, 1880. B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents:— One party who has used "Kendall's Spavin Cure" writes : " I was run over by a horse and got my arm sprained. It was badlv swollen and pained me very much. I slept but little. I applied " Kendall's Spavin Cure " and soon found great relief. I can now work without experiencing any pain." G. T. Ingersoll of this city says his valuable trotting mare was cured of a spavin bv its use, and he is enthusi- astic in its praise. From what I have seen of its use I regard it as a very valuable preparation. Yours Truly, T. J. CASPER. TESTIMONIALS. 67 Office of E. Allen, Manuf. and Dealer in, Carriages, Sleighs, Harnesses, Robes, &c. No. 5 Fulton St., opposite Citv Hall, Providexce, R. I., Jan. Sth, 18S0. I have been selling "Kendall's .Spavin Cure" for a number of years, and all of my customers speak of it in the highest term?. They say it will do all you claim lor it, and is a sure cure for Spavins, Splints, Curb or any enlargement which may come on a horse It is vrithout doubt the best horse liniment in the market. Yours &c., E. ALLEN. Woodstock Valley, Co^-^^, Dec. 2nd, 1879. B. J. KENT) ALL & Co.— Gentlemen :— In the spring of 1877 I bought a horse quite lame with a spavin. After using 1 bottle of " Kendall's Spavin Cure " his lameness was gone and the bunch removed. He has been worked ever since in a heavy team, but with no re- turn of his lameness. Since that time 1 have sold dozens of bottles, wUh good success, taking from 1 to 3 bottles to effect a cure. I take pleasure ni recommending it, as I be- lieve it is the best horse liniment extant. Yours Truly, V A. M. BANCROFT. Office of Geo. K. Share & Co., Saddlery, Coach Materials and Trimmings. IXDIAXAPQLIS, IN'D., eJau. 8th, 1880. B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents :—" Kendall's Spavin Cure," which we have sold, and are now selling, meets with great success. We can truthfully say that every one that has used it speaks of it in the highest terms, and says it is a good thing and has real merit. Yours &G., GEO. K. SHARE & CO. BoSTOX, Mass., Jan. .30th, 1878. Messrs. French and Coffin— Gents :— We have used " Kendall's Spavin Cure" success- fullv in two instances, one of them being with a valuable trotting mare. The cure m both cases was complete. It is the only effective remedy we have known for the pur- pose, and we take pleasure in adding our testimonid to its virtues. Yours Truly, CILLEY, STIMPSON & WOODBLTIY. 14 Custom House St., Boston, Mass., Dec. Sth, 1879. B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gentlemen .-—This is to certify that I have a valuable stock horse which became almost worthless from a spavin, and that by using your Spavin Cure (one and a half bottles) he is free from all lameness and can trot a mile in 2.20 to dav. I have also used it successfully on the cords of the legs for sprung knees, and it is with pleasure that I can testify to the great merit of your most valuable medicine. Yours Respectfully, JOSEPH H.\EE. Stable keeper. Office U. S. Marshall, Western Dist. of Michigan, Kalamazoo, April 15th, 1878. B. J. Kendall, Enosburg Falls, Vt —Dear Sir :— I received the two bottles of your Kendall's Spavin Cure forwarded by express in January last. I am happy to state tliat it performed all your advertisement called for. In three weeks after I commenced using it the Spavin was entirely removed and a valuable horse restored to usefulness. Very truly yours, JOHN P.\JIKER. Akron, Ohio. Dec. 22nd. 1S79. B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents:— I cannot recommend "Kendall's Spavin Cure" too hicrhlv. I have a friend who owns a valuable horse which became useless and worthless bv the appearance of a verv l)ad Spavin. He tried every known remedv and gave up, thinking the spavin was insurable. I persuaded him to try your Spavin Cure, and. after using it according to directions, to use his own language, " It knocked the spavin higlier than a kite," and a valuable horse was saved and restored to usefulness. I am now sell- inj: vour book, " A Treatise on the Horse and his Diseases," and am meeting with great success. Yours &c., J. J. WRIGHT 68 • TESTIMOJ^IALS. Uncas ITotel, T. A. Holmes, Prop. XORWICII, Coxx., Nov. 19th, 1879, B. J. Kkndai.i. & Co.— (ientlenien :— I traflcd for a valuable horse that had a splint; the man that owned him did not like to drive him bc(;au.se he was lame, and on that ac- count I p:<>t him very cheap. I ^M)t a bottle of your " Kendall's Spavin Cure" and ap- plieil it according to your tlirections, and after using only 2^< bottles found it had made a perfect cure. It completely removed the Splint, leaving the leg as smooth as the back of your hand. Yours llcspectfullv, T. A. HOLMES. IIOPKIXTOX, N. H., Dec. 22nd, 1879. B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gentlemen :— This is to certify that I have used vour Kendall's Spavin Cure on a valuable horse belonging to my father, and, after ai)plving it accord- ing to directions, only two Aveeks, completed a 2}erfect ctire of a verv b;id .E. Meredith Village, X. H., Feb. 17, 1S79. Dr. B. J. KENT) ALL & Co.— Dear Sirs :— The horse I used your Spavin Ciu-e on had a splint as larj?e as a hen's egg and it had been there about a year, and kept .erinviug larg- er. I used one bottle of your Spavin Cure on it, wliich tooli it nearly all off. I then used a half bottle more and it took it entirelv off, so that the leg was as smooth as the other. It was worth 8 100 to me and 1 therefore feel very grateful to you. Please send me one half doz. of your Spavin Cure, "C. O. D." Yours with respect, JOHN' C. TO\^T.E. B. J. Ke>T5 ALL— Dear Sir :— Your horse of a very bad boue spavin. Lawren'CE, Mass., Feb. 27th, 1879. "Kendall's Spavin Cure" has entirely cured my Yours Truly, G. B. H.AXCHETT. B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gentlemen :— I have used and sold " Kendall's Spavin Cure " for a number of years vrith great success. It is a sure cure for spayins an(l ring-bones. Alexander, N. Y., Jan. 2nd, 1880. Spav 1(1 rii vrhen used according to dii'^ectioiis. One of my neighbors had a nice young horse that had two lja(i ring bones, which made him very lame. He iised four bottles of your Spavin Cure, 7chfch tool- off the buiirhes completeJji ami curof Mm of his lameness entirely. All those who have used it, around here, think there is nothing like it. Finuly believing it is by far the best horse liuimeut ever placed before the i)ublic, I remain, Yours &c , C. W. YAXDE BOG.VP.T. Breeder of blooded horses and dealer in horses and trotters,- Alexander, Cr'uesee County, X. Y. 70 TESTIMONIALS. Waddingto-n-, N. Y., Jan. Gth, 1880. ' B. J. Kendall A Co.— Gentlemen :—" Kendall's Spavin Cure" I consider as a truly beneficial remedy for the removal of Spavins and any other eidarprement, on all animals as well as horses. I had a very line Jei-sey heifurwlueli lost one fourth (>^) of her bag "With c:arf?et, and remaineil so until eomin;j^ in the second time, when we applied your "Kendall's Spavin Cure," rul)binj? it thoroujrhlj-, anT)ALL, M. D.— Dear Sir :— The particular case on which I used your "Spavin Cure "was a malignant ankle sprain of sixteen months standing. I had tried many thimrs but in vain. Your - Spavin Cure" put the foot to the ground f^?^-^\"' ^"'I'Jn^ «'« first time since hurt, in a natural position. For a family liniment it excels an} thing a\ e ever used. Yours Truly, REV. M. P. BELL. Pastor M. E. Church, Patten's MiUs, N. Y. 74 AGENTS. Agents for Kendall's Spavin Cure. We give below some of the agents, most of whom sell at icholesale and retail. It is al- so sold by nearly all of the wholesale druggists, and by a large share of the retail deal- ers in me . 31 Skin Diseases, 31 Sores, 33 Spavin, 33-59-61 Splint,. 36 Sprain, 36 Staggers 36 Stiiiie-joint Lameness, 37 Strangles, 13 Sweeney, 37 Table of doses,. 38 Tenia, 39 Tape worm 39 Testimonials, 65 Thoroughpin, 38 To Horse Owners, 61 Tumors, 38 Water Farcy 38 Wind Galls, 39 Windy Colic, 9 Worms, 37 Yellow \7aters,. 40 IMPORTANT TO HORSEMEN. A statement made in 1875, and also one below from the same man in 1879. Read them both. Bekkshike, Vt., August 30, 1875. B. J. KENDALL, Dear Sir: I have found KendalPs Spavin Cure to be of such incalculable value in curing Spavins on horses that I am free to assist in the spread- ing of its reputation by recommending it in this public manner. I had a valuable horse which in some way had a bone spavin come on him and the bunch grew until it was the size of one-half of a hen's egg. I never had heanl of your Spavin Cure at this time, but I procured va- rious other medicines which were said to be sure cures, all of v^'hich I gave a thorough trial, but none seemed to reach the case at all. I finally got a bottle of your Spavin Cure and used it as direct(id (only applying over a space the size of the bunch each time) but as it did not blister the horse I thought it would not cure him, although I continued to put it on and after a while turned the horse out to pasture and then only applied it about every other day. In a sl^ort time a large crust or scab peeled off which had seemed to work out from the bunch, and then I could see that the bunch was almost entirely removed. I used the re- mainder of the bottle and mj^ horse was entirely cured. It has removed the bunch entirely and now no person can tell any difference in his hind legs. I consider it the most wonderful medicine for Spavins that I ever have known of being used, for the reason that it cures, and without blis- tering or causing any pain when it is applied ; it removes the bunch entirely which I never have known being done by any other remedy, and does not disturb the natural growth of hair or leave any callous, but in a short time after it has beenleft off no person could tell that any medi- icine had been applied. Hoping that this will be the means of benefiting others as it has me I remain, Yours truly, R. A. Gaines. Horsemen should read the following statement mad® under oath. To WHOM IT MAY CONCERN : — In the year 1875 I treated with Ken- dairs Spavin Cure a bone spavin of several months growth, nearly half as large as a hen's egg, and completely stopped the lameness and re- moved the enlargement, so fiir as I can see. I have worked the horse ever since very hard and he never has been lame, nor could I ever see any difference in the size of the hock joints since I treated him with Kendall's Spavin Cure. R. A. Gaines. Enosburgli Falls, Vt., Feb. 25, 1879. ' Sworn and subscribed to before me, this 25th day of February, A. D. 1879. John G. Jenne. Justice of the Peace. KcndalVs Spavin Cure can now be had at nearly every Drug Store, but if at any time you cannot get it of your druggist or other merchants, send direct to us as directed on the 74th page of this book. Also consult pages from 61 to 78th which will be for your advantage if you are inter- ested in the horse. THE AMERICAN SHEARER MT'G. CO., Manufacturers of Power and Hand Horse Clipping Machines. (Centennial Award.) WE MAKE FCUK POVv^EPv MACHINES. Prices. Ko. 1 has a rotary or vibrating cutler, - - - $75.00 No. 2 has a rotar^'' or vibrating cntier, - - - 50.00 Ko. 3 has a rotary or vibrating cutter. QCr, .00 No. 4 driven bv air, vibrating cntier, " - - - 50.00 Extra handles, rotary, complete, 20. GO " " vibrating, " 18.00 Price of Cutter, - $1.00. Price of Comb, - - 2.00. Our hand machines are the best in the market, having the following advantages : All its parts are made to a gauge and if any part is L'roken or worn out it can he re- placed at list price. Each machine is put up in a strong, wooden box. The combs and cutters are readily detached fi'om the machine. If prepaid we send by mail without charge for postage. If the combs and cutters are sent to us by mail, we sharpen and return for 50 cents. No. No. No. No, No. No. No. No. N B, "We make eight grades of hand machines. 5, Plain with two hand 3 inch cutter, - - - $3.75 10, " one hand 21 inch cutter, - - - 2.50 20. " two hand 3 " cutter, - - - 2.75 30, Small two hand, 1| inch cutter, _ - - _ 3.50 40, One hand, 11 inch cutter, _ . _ - - 4.00 40, Improved N. B. 1% inch cutter, . - _ - 5.00 50, The best two h:mded clipper made, - - - 6.00 60, The only good leg clipper made, - - - - 4.00 ashua, N. H., U. S. a., p. O. Box, 1533. . J. Kendall & Co., are authorized by the company to take orders. WE WANT AGENTS to sell this book in every town in the United States and Canada -^♦^■••^- It is jriving the very best of satisfaction everj-wlierc, as is evirtent from the hniulreds of letters received l)j- the publishers, speakiny of it iu the highest of terms; a sample of which we give below. The Editor of the " Western Sports:\ian and Live Stock Nkavs," under date of Jan. 4, 1879, says of it: "It is a book that every owner of a horse should have, and no breeder of horses ctin aflbrd to Cio witliout. It has o.") engravings illustrating po.- itions assumed by sick horses, and gives treatment of diseases in such plain and comprehen- sive language as to be readily undei'stood by any one of ordinary intelligence. We would not exchange it for any book on the horse and his diseases that we have ever seen, and we have read some books of the kind that cost ten dollars. It contains a large num- ber of receipts, any one of which is worth double the price of the work." Dr. Wm. H. Hat.l, Canandaigua, N. Y., xmder date of Dec. 3d, 1878, says of it: "I have l)ought books from England that I paid five and ten dollars for, wliich I do not like as well as I do yours. It is different from anything I ever saw." Elijah W. Stearxs, of Bedford, Mass., in a letter of recent date, says of it: " I have examined it v.ith care. There are two wonders respecting it : first, that any book, however voluminous, containing so much practical common sense matter, of ster- ling value, could be written; second, that it could be condensed into so small compass. The book is all gold, so dkoss. By the aid of it any person of ordinary intelligence can doctor his own horse." FOR TERMS TO AGENTS, Address, Dr, B. J. Kendall & Co., Enosburgh Falls, Vt. It "Will S,©m©^© th.e Snla^ge^aent KENDAL Used with excellent results on beast or man> It does not blister nor make any sore» Sold. \yy 33r*Tig- gist's Evei'j^^wliere* We wish to have it imderstoocl that *' KEXD ALL'S "^ BLISTER" is entirely diiferent from '' Kendairs Spavin Care," as the latter does not blister. ^^Sdall's Blister " is an excellent remedy for spavins, (espec- ially blood or bog spavins), ring-bone, splint, or any smiilar difficulty. In all bad cases of long standing we think they can be more successful- Iv treated by the use of " KENDALL'S BLISTER," in connection with ♦'KENDALL'S SPAVIN CURE," (as directed on labels,) than by any other remedies in use, as many cases which will not yield to any otner remedies, or to either of these alone, will soon yield to the use of our Blister followed up by the use of our Spavin Cure, as directed. Besides our Blister's being a complete remedy when used with the Spavin Cure, we think it is well adapted to all cases where any blister would be applicable. ^ -, ' i ^ xi i • a This blister is not like many, so powerful as to destroy the skm and other tissues, yet it is very eflective, and we believe the very best prep- aration, of its kind, which is nov/ in use. ,..,_.. c- • Although this blister was first designed, to be used with the Spavin Cure, we^have learned that it works admirably alone, in many cases, and where parties live at a distance, and cannot find the Spavin Cure at their stores they can easily obtain our Blister by forwarding us the price, (S 1.00), and we will send, by return mail, to any address. Our Blister is put up in tin boxes and can t>e sent by mail with per- fect safety, to any part of the world. , ,, ^, _ DR. B. J. KENDALL & CO., Eno sburgh lalls, Vermont. That acts at the same time on THE LIVER, THE BOWELS, AHD THE KIDNEYS. These great organs are the natural cleansers of the system. If they work well health will be perfect; if they become clogged, dreadful diseases are sure to follow, with TERBIBLE SUFFERING, Biliousness, Headache, Dyspepsia, Jaundice, Constipation and Piles; or Kidney Complaints, Grave!, Diabetes, Sediment in the Urine, Milky or Ropy Urine; or Rheumatic Pains and aclnes, are developed because the blood is poisoned with the humors that should have been expelled naturally. will restore the natural action and all these destroying evils will be banished— neglect them and vou will live but to suflcr. Thousands have been cured. Try it, and you will add one more to the numljer. Taiie it, and health will once more gladden your heart. Why suffer longer from the torment of an aching bacl< ? Why bear such distress from Constipation and Piles? Why be so fearful because of disordered urine? KIDNEY-WOKT will cure you. Try a package at once and be satisfied. It is a dry, vegetable compound, and One package makes six quarts of medicine, containing no spirit, being prepared in pnre Avater. Tour Druggist will get it for you. Insist upon having it. Price SI. 00. LOOK WELL TO YOUR HORSE'S FEET. These drawings show how many horses are made lame and permanent- ly injured by the use of the COLD-CUT and siiKAKED POINTED nails. Tliis proeess ofmanulaeture produces lam- ination, causing the iron to form in layers, and when driven into the foot the horny fibres of wiiich the hoof is compose*] cause tlie nail to separate at the point and one portion passes into the foot. .No. 4 represents one of these naiis whieli was driven into tlie hoof, and SLIVEUKD in driving, one thix blade passing into the quick or sensitive sole. No. 5, the thick blade of the nail passed out of the wall of the hoof for clinching. After a few days the horse was returned lame, and, upon removal of the shoe, a nail similar to the above was broken oil", leaving a sliver in the foot; Lockjaw ensued, from which the horse died. Upon dissecting the foot a portion of the nail was found to have penetrated through the Cullln bone, as seen in Fig. 2, letter A, thus sacrificing the life of a valuable animal. As the I'emedy lies with the owner of the horse it is for him to prohibit any cold-rolled or sheared naiis Ijeing used in his horse's feet. The only Hot-Forged, and. Ham- nrier-pointed Horse Shoe Nail in the V/orld that is not cut, clipped nor siiKAUED upon the point and will not split in driving is the FUT2sA31 NA-LL. See that your horse is shod with tliis nail and avoid all risks. TMs drawing was made from the nail taken from the hoof and coffin bone, as shown bi Figs. 1 and 2. This dra%A'ing was made from a nail, showing the lamination of iron in the COLD-ROLLED AND SHEARING prOCeSS. Every Putnam nail is drawn down to a point from the rod, thus ; The illustrations of the Putnam Nails are very interesting, as showing the superiority of the nails made by the hot-forged process. The slivering of inferior nails, we are as- sured, is not overdrawn, and what instruments of torture such jagged iron must be to the sensitive foot of the horse can be imagined. The recommendations of these Nails, signed by W. H. H. Murray, Robert Bonner, and Budd Doble, speak for themselves, and coidd be indefinitely reduplicated.- T/te Spirit of the Times, Neio York, November 8, 1879. We address these lines to HORSE 0^^T:RS, because they are the parties most vital- ly interested. We feel assured that, after knowing the facts, and giving the subject due consideration, they will, in company with such gentleiuen as Messrs. CONNER, MUR- RAY, CIIAS. S. GREEN, BUDD DOBLE, JAS. G. BREEZE, and many other CELL- BRATED JUDGES OF HORSES, INSIST that their horses must be shod with the Putnam Hot Forged and Hammer Pointed Nail. A few months' trial will always convince. P. O. Address, THE PUTNAM NAIL COMPANY. , Tvr .. BOSTON. Neponset, Mass. ». Mr. Batten's imported Orloff, "SOBOL." This fine Connecticut horse, owned in Norfolk, was lately imported by his o-^-ner to supply the demand for a park or phaeton horse that should possess the requisites of size beautv of form, stvlish action, power and endurance. He is 15 3-4 hands high, black, with three white feet, rather light juane, and a tail of fair proportions. He is a Russian horse, foaled in 1870, and came from the stud of a Russian' Count. His movement in a carriage is easy, gi-aceful, without the least chafing or friction, and he can be easily driven br a ladv. But the power and endurance that lies dormant under ortlinary usage is brought out to surprise the beholder if the horse is allowed the stimulus of a short trial of speed. Sobol is represented as appropriate in the easy movement suited to the carriage, where his stepping shows him to advantage. HORSE SUSPENDING SLING. This cut shows the best way to make a sling to suspend a horse while treating a fracture, or for any other purpose for wliich a sling is used. They can be made at a mod- erate expense; or we can usu- ally furnish them, if desired, for $20.00, without pulleys and ropes. i ..^.