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THE LIBRARY

THE UNIVERSITY

OF CALIFORNIA

PRESENTED BY

PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND

MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID

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A TREATISE

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AND Hia DISEASES.

For explanation of numbers on this horse, s^e 2nd page.

PUBLISHEB BY

DR. B. J. KENDALL & CO.. EN08BUEGH FALLS, VT.

THREE HUNDREDTH THOUSAND.
REVISED EBITION.

PUBLISHER'S ANNOUNCEMENT.

We begin the issue of the 15th edition of this book, which completes
the three hundredth thousand, with a feeling of great satisf;iction, for
the reason that it has had a very extensive sale, considering the short
time since it was first published, and also because it has given the very
best of satisfaction. Thousands who have seen it commend it, and many
good horsemen have extolled it in the highest of terms, even stating that
they preferred it to books which CDst five or ten dollars. It contains
nothing which should exclude it from the most refined fVimily, but rath>
er it should be read by every body, as it teaches humane principles, and
has a tendency to elevate the morals, by reminding all that ''amerciful
man is merciful to his beast.''''

For the English Edition of this book address. Dr. B. J. Kendall & Co.,
Enosburgh Falls, Vt. For the German Edition address Lauer & Yost,
214 Woodland Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Enosburgh Falls, Vermont.

A TREATISE

THE HORSE

AND HIS DISEASES

COXTAIXIXa

AN *' INDEX OF DISEASES, WHICH GIVES THE SYMPTOMS, CAUSE, AND
THE BEST TREATMENT OF EACH ; A TABLE GIVING ALL THE PRIN-
CIPAL DRUGS USED FOR THE HORSE, WITH THE ORDINARY
DOSE, EFFECTS, AND ANTIDOTE WHEN A POISON ; A TA-
BLE ^VITH AN ENGRAVING OF THE HORSK's TEETH
AT DIFFERENT AGES, WITH RULES FOR TELLING
THE AGE OF THE HORSE ; A VALUABLE
COLLECTION OF RECEIPTS, AND
MUCH OTHER

VALUABLE IXFOEMATIOX.

DR. B. J. KENDALL & CO., EXOSBURGH FALLS, VT.

REVISED EDITION.

CLAUEMOXT, X. H,,
THE CLAREMOXT ilAXLTACTURIXG CO., PRIXTEES AXD STEREOTYPERS.

1880.

PREFACE.

It has been one of our greatest aims, in preparing matter for this book,
to make it as phiin as possible for non-professional readers, and to give
them information which is of the greatest importance to horsemen,
and yet avoid all technical terms as much as possible, and also con-
dense the book as much as we can without leaving out the real
essential information in treating each subject.

It contains an Index of Diseases giving a description of each with
causes, symptoms and treatment. Also a large collection of Valuable
Receipts, of which many single receipts are worth, to every horse owner,
several times the price of the book.

The treatment given for each disease can be relied on as being the
best. To aid non-professional horse owners, in deciding what the
disease may be, we give engravings which show the positions taken in
the different stages of diseases, and which are of great value in coming
to a positive conclusion as to the nature of the disease.

Explanation of the Engraving on the Cover.

Forehead.

Jaw.

Throat.

Breast.

Shoulder.

Arm.

Large Pastern.

Small Pastern.

Withers.

10.

Back.

11.

Loin.

12.

Hip.

13.

Stifle.

14.

Thigh.

15.

Hamstring.

16.

Point of the hock

17.

Hock.

18.

Croup or Rump.

19.

Dock.

20.

Cannon-Bones.

INDEX OF DISEASES.

ABSCESS OF THE BRAUST is caused by some injury to the head.

Symptoms. Refuses food ; acts dull ; a slight oozing from a trivial in-
jury upon the skull ; the animal is prostrated and while lying down con-
tinues to knock his head against the ground violently until death ensues.

Treatment. Xo treatment is of any service.

ABDOMINAL DROFSY is usually the result of chronic inflam-
mation of the bowels.

Symptoms. Head hanging; mouth dry; membranes look pale ; pulse
hard. If the horse turns about suddenly the act will elicit a grunt.
Pressure on the abdomen will cause him to groan. A lack of spirits;
lies down constantly if left to himself; is restless, thirsty, no appetite;
is weak, abdomen enlarged yet the horse quite thin in flesh, hide-bound,
and constipated. One of the legs and the sheath are sometimes swelled.

Treatment. Begin the treatment as soon as you can decide as to the
nature of the disease. Give, night and morning, 20 grs. extract of bella-
donna, 10 grs. sulphate of quinine, 35 grs. iodide of iron, i gr. strychnia.
JMix, and give at each dose. Mix 5 ozs. tincture of iodine and 2 ozs.
croton oil and apply a little to a portion of the abdomen by rubbing down
to the skin and shifting to a diflerent location when the skin becomes
sore. Some cases are incurable.

BOTS. The stomach seems to be the natural nursery for the protec-
tion and the propagation of the stomach hot. AVhen the eggs have
remained in the stomach for a year they become a perfect chrysalis
(that is the form of a butterfly before it reaches the winged state) and
then they release their hold of the stomach and are expelled with the
dung. It will be provided with wings in a short time, and will fly about
commencing the propagation of its species which passes through the
same period of incubation.

m37032^

BOTS.

They are of two kinds, stomach and fnndamont bots. The stomach
bots are tJie result of tm-ning horses into pasture in the summer
months, and are produced from the eggs laid on the fore legs of the
horse by the bot tly.

Symptoms are an unthrifty coat, and loss of flesh after running out
to pasture.

All iiorses which run out to
grass are quite sure to have
bots in their stomachs, and
as there is so much miscon-
ception about bots and theii
destructiveness to horses we
copy the result of a series of
experiments with bots three
fourths grown.

When immersed in rum
they live 25 hours ; decoction
of tobacco, 11 hours; strong
oil'of vitriol, 2 hours 18 min-
utes; essential oil of mint,
2 hours 5 minutes. Were
immersed without apparent
injury, in spirits of camphor,

No. 1. The female fly about to deDosit an e^ff. ^0 hours; fish oil, 49 hours;

tincture aloes, 10 hours; in
brine, 10 hours; solution in-
digo, 10 hours. A number of
small bots, with one that was
full grown, were immersed
in a strong solution of corro-
sive sublimate, one of the most powerful poisons ; the small ones died in
one hour, but the full gro\\^ one was taken out of the solution, six
hours after its immersion, apparently unhurt.

It will be seen by the above experiments, that no medicine can be
given which will affect the bot, that will not destroy the coating of the
stomach, and injure or kill the horse. No veterinary surgeon can dis-
tinguish the symptoms of bots from those of colic. In fact there is but
little doubt that ninety nine out of every hundred cases of belly ache,
are no more nor less than colic and not bots, and should be treated as
we direct in the treatment of colic.

Treatment. The general condition of the horse should be improved
so that the debilitating effects of the bots may not interfere with the
general health of the horse. It is generally considered impossible

The female fly about to deposit an Qgg.

The male ny.

The egg its natural size.

The egy mag-njlierl.

The newly hatched bot.

The bot fully grown.

The head of a bot magnified.

The chrysalis.

INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS.

No.

to expel or destroy the bots.
Give the ibllowiiig tonic med-
icines to improve the general
condition. Falv, Gentian ^
lb. Pulv. Copperas i lb. Pulv.
Fenugreek, ^ lb. Pulv. Elecam-
pane, i lb. Mix well and give
a large tablespoonful once a
day.

Fimdament Bot. Like • the
stomach bot this is also the
result of running out to grass.
Instead of the eggs being de-
posited on the legs they are de-
posited on the lips of the horse.
Thev are found in the rectum
and often seen about the anus
and under the tail.

I'rentment. Injections of
raw linseed oil, or of tobacco
smoke.

The symptoms are very severe

1. The female about to deposit an egg-
" 2. The Q^g magnified.
•' 3. The bot.
«' 4. The chrysalis.
" 5. The male fly.

BOWELS, IXFL.\:\OrATI0X OF.
pain in the belly, varying from those of colic in being a continuous pain
(while iri colic there are intervals of rest from pain), rolling, pawing,
sweating, rapid breathing with an inclination to shift about, with great
fever and excitement. The disease comes on more gradually than colic
(which see), legs and ears cold, belly tender and painful on pressure.
See cut for position of nose, &c.

Cmises. Constipation, exposure to
cold, drinking cold water, in large quan-
tities, when hot, hard driving, diarrhoea,
and as a sequel to colic.

The above named causes when occur-
ring in a horse predisposed to the dis-
ease are quite liable to bring it on.

Treatmoit. If the cause is constipa-
tion, give a quart of raw linseed oil
and if necessary add from 4 to 6 drops
croton oil. If the cause is over-purging
give an ounce and a half of tincture of opium in a half pint of water.

Jf the cause sliould be other than costiveness or diarrhoea, give .?0

A GEXERAL SYJTPTOM OF AB-
DOMTXAL IKKITATION.

6 BRONCHITIS.

drops of the tincture of aconite root, and repeat it in two hours. Ap-
ply bhmkets, wrung out of hot water, to the belly, and renew them every
15 minutes. Give injections of warm (not hot) water, castile soap, and
a handful of table salt every half hour until the bowels move some.
There is a diversity of opinion in regard to bleeding. It is my opinion
that it is of doubtful utility in this disease.

BRONCHITIS. This disease consists in an inflammation of the air
passages of the lungs. It is a very common disease among horses,
and is sometimes confounded with inflammation of the lungs (or lung
fever), distempers and colds.

Syniptoius. Begins with a chill, fever, harsh cough, labored breath-
ing, mouth hot and dry, with loss of appetite, and in one or two days a
discharge from the nostrils will be observed.

Treatrnent. Give the horse a good, comfortable place, (not too close
nor the reverse.) Give 15 to 20 drops tincture of aconite root and re-
peat every four hours until six doses have been given, which will prob-
ably relieve the fever. Let the horse have a plenty of cold water to
drink. We would discourage the idea of bleeding, as it would be more
likely to do harm than good.

After the fever has subsided, (which will probably be about the second
day), give a few powders of the following: Mix pulv. licorice root,
pulv. fenugreek and pulv. gentian, two ounces of each, and divide into
six powders and give in feed two or three times a day.

Chronic Bkonchitis is the result of bad treatment of acute bron-
chitis, and when the attack has been prolonged for some time.

Symptoms. A cough which seems to be confirmed, with discharge
from the nostrils, and cough worse after drinking and in the morning.

Treatment. Take of pulv. gentian and pulv. sulphate of iron — eight
ounces each. Mix thoroughly and divide into thirty-five powders and
feed twice a day until all has been given, then make an ointment of red
iodide of mercury— one drachm, lard, one ounce, thoroughly mixed to-
gether. Apply the above named ointment down the course of the
windpipe and the next day apply sweet oil or lard to keep the skin from
cracking. Repeat the application of the ointment in one week.

BURNS AND SCALDS. When the burn is so deep as to destroy the
skin and superficial tissues we would recommend raw linseed oil applied
with bandages to protect the parts from the air, and allowed to remain
for several days.

But when the skin is not destroyed we have found that " Kendall's
Spavin Cure " is an excellent remedy for such burns on man ; so we feel
certain it will work equally well on any animal.

CALLOUS. A callous is a thickening of the cuticle or of any soft
part, caused by pressure or friction, or it may be the result of some in-

CAPPED ELBOW. 7

■jury, which, after remaining sore for some time, finally heals, leaving a
thick, hard, and enlarged surface which we term callous, and which
not only injures the sale of the horse but is also a constant " eye-sore"
to the owner.

Treatment. We can only recommend one course, as we have had no
experience with any other which proved successful, and that is to apply
KendalPs Spavin Cure two or three times a day, for several weeks, as
directed for spavin. These can not generally be removed very quickly,
yet if the above plan is followed out it is sure to be effectual.

CAPPED ELBOAV. (Shoe Boil.) This enlargement on the point of
the elbow is on the side of the chest just behind the shoulder. It is a tu-
mor (or sometimes a simple abscess) caused by direct pressure against
the calk or heel of the shoe; particularly wiien the latter is allowed to
protrude too far backward. Pads are made by harness makers which
are quite useful in protecting the parts while the horse is lying.

Treatment. If the tumor is soft and shows signs of containing pus,
it would be well to open it and allow the matter to escape. Some rec-
ommend that the tumor be dissected out with a knife and then treated
as any simple wound by keeping clean until it heals. "Kendall's Spavin
Cure" has been used with very gratifying results for Shoe Boil. It
should be applied twice a day for some time the same as when it is de-
sired to remove any enlargement Some get an idea that if a bottle of
"Kendall's Spavin Cure " is applied, it will do as much good to apply
the whole in two to four days as to be as many weeks in using it, but we
would like to have it remembered that it takes time to remove any
enlargement and especially if it has existed for any length of time,
therefore we say it is not so much in the quantity used in a given time
as in the length of time it is used. We know of no remedy that is so
certain to remove shoe boil, when properly used, as " Kendall's Spavin
Cure."

CAPPED HOCK. This is a soft swelling on the point of the hock
joint. It is caused by kicking in the harness or stable, or by being kicked
by another horse, and rarely causes any lameness.

Treatment. Kendall's Spavin Cure used as for capped elbow is a safe
and sure remedy.

CAPPED KNEE. Caused by some injury to the knee.

Symptoms. A soft tumor in front of the knee.

Trcaimcnt. If left alone it would probably burst and leave a perma-
nent blemish. If the tumor is hot bathe first with cold water to reduce
the heat or bind on cloths wet with cold \vater and change often, then
apply Kendall's Spavin Cure as directed for capped elbow.

CAUTERY. {Firing.) This cruel and inhuman practice is one which
has been practised in the past, and, perhaps, is to a slight degree now, but ■

COLIC.

we sincerely believe it to be one which ought to be forbidden by all hu-
mane societies, as the cases which are benefited are very few if any that
could not be benefited by milder and more humane means. See Firing
horses.

COLIC. Colic is a very com-
mon as well as a very dangerous
disease. Thei'e are two forms,
Spasmodic and Flatulent Colic.
The former is of a spasmodic na-
ture, and will, in severe cases, run
into inflammation of the bowels
and cause speedy death, if not re-
lieved.

Causes of Spasmodic Colic are
drinking cold water when in a
heated condition, costiveness, un-
wholesome food, undue quantity of first stage of srASMODic COLIC,
food, etc.

Symptoms. The horse is suddenly attacked with pain, and shows evi-
dence of great distress, shifting his position almost constantly, and
manifesting a desire to lie down. But in a few minutes these sj'mp-
toms disappear, and the horse is easy for a short time, when they re-
turn with increasing severity until the horse cannot be kept upon
his feet.

A cold sweat generally breaks out over the body. The legs and ears
remain at about the natural temperature.

He looks around to his flanks, mostly at the right side, as if pointing
out the seat of the disease, scrapes the ground with his forward foot,
and will almost strike his belly with his hind foot.

The horse heaves at the flanks; and
kicks and rolls, and seems much excit-
ed and sometimes acts as though he
wanted to make water, which he cannot
do on account of the urethra being spas-
modically contracted. This sym])tom
need not be treated, (as it frequently is,)
for, as soon as the horse is relieved of
the colic, he will pass water freely.
SECOND STAGE OF SPASMODIC Therefore follow the treatment we give
COLIC. beloAV and relieve the colic as soon as

possible.

COLIC.

SPASMODIC

Colic.

Attacked suddenly.
Intervals of rest.

Pulse not much altered in the early
stage of the disease.

RiilDbing belly gives relief.
Ears and legs of natural temper-
ature.
Motion gives relief.
Strength scarcely ajQfected.

As the disease advances the horse
will frequently throw himself down
with force, look anxiously at the sides
and sometimes snap with his teeth at
his sides, and strike upwards with his
hind feet as they do many times with
inflammation of the bowels.

THIRD STAGE OF
COLIC.

Symptoms of

Inflammation of bowels.

Symptoms come on gradually.

In constant pain.

Pulse small and much quickened

and scarcely to be felt many

times.
Belly quite tender and sore to the
touch.
Ears and legs cold.
Motion increases pain.
Strength rapidly failing.

Treatment. Pvelieve the pain by giving one ounce sulphuric ether,
two ounces of tincttire of opium (laudanum) and a pint of raw linseed
oil, and, if not relieved in an hour, repeat the dose. If there is not relief
in a reasonable length of time after the second dose is given, some rec-
ommend bleeding from six to ten quarts from the neck vein, but we
think it is rarely necessary to do this. Occasionally walk the horse
about to excite the bowels to action.

The following mixture is said to be very good :

Take aromatic spirits of ammonia one pint, sulphuric ether one pint,
sweet spirits of nitre one and a half pints, gum opium (made fine)
four ounces, cani^flior gum four ounces, assafoetida four ounces.
Mix all together and shake frequently for 12 or 15 days, then filter or
strain through flannel and it will be ready for use. Dose; one table-
spoonful in a little water, repeated in thirty minutes. A larger dose
may be given sometimes in very severe cases.

Another excellent remedy, which is always at hand, is one heaping
tablespoonful of saleratus mixed with one pint of milk and given at one
dose.

Always begin the treatment as soon as possible.

Flatulent Colic, Windy Colic, etc. The horse is uneasy, hangs
the head, and exhibits a few of the general symptoms of spasmodic
colic before there is any enlargement of the belly; but more particular-

CORNS.

FIRST STAGES OF
COLIC.

FLATULENT

ly after, for as soon as the belly swells the pawing commences, although
it is not so violent as in spasiyodic colic.

There is but little rolling or kicking at the belly as in spasmodic
colic and the horse is not inclined
to move about mucih. After from
one to four days the belly becomes
much increased in size (if the
disease is not checked) and the
animal becomes restless.

'Treatment. Do not bleed for
flatulent colic. Try injections first,
and if gas or wind come away with
it the patient will most likely re-
cover soon ; but if no benefit is de-
rived from the injection give the
remedies as recommended for spasmodic colic. Let the horse be led
around quietly until the medicine has time to take effect so as to pre-
vent his falling or rolling as it might cause rupture of the diaphragm.

CORNS appear in the angle of the hoof near the heel, and are gener-
ally caused by the shoe's being worn too long, causing the shell of the
hoof to grow over the shoe, which allows the weight to press upon the
sole; or, the shoe gets moved from its proper position, or perhaps nev-
er was placed tliere. As a general rule, the produc-
tion of corns may be laid to the shoer.

Upon cutting away the horn there will be found a
red spot; but if very bad the color will be a dark
purple, and it will be deeper seated.

Treatment. Dress down the bruised part until
quite thin, and apply Kendall's Spavin Cure quite
freely and then put on the shoe, so fitted that there
will be no pressure on the part. Apply the Spavin
Cure for several days. If the a%t)ve treatment fails,
(which it probably will not,) then dress down the bruised part, thin as
before, and apply Kendall's Blister (which will be sent by mail on re-
ceipt of $ 1.00), thoroughly rubbed in, and continue to apply Kendall's
Spavin Cure, as recommended in treatment of bone spavin.

CURB. This is one of the many diseases of the hock-joint, and con-
sists of an enlargement or gradual bulging out at the posterior part of
the hock. (See engraving.)

Cause. Curb is generally caused by a strain from galloping on uneven
ground, wrenching the limb, prancing and lenping.&c. It is one of the
evils which occur among the better breed of horses. Man delights in

SITUATION OF
A CORN.

DEBILITY.

CURB. BANDAGE.

showing off the animal he is mount-
ed upon and so it has ever been with
man, woman or child; they are
always pleased by the prancing of the
horse, which nevertheless is a very
fruitful cause of curb. Pulling
horses up suddenly on their haunches
is asserted to be a frequent cause of
curb.

Treatment. Perfect rest; if hot,
bandage it and keep it constantly wet
with cold water and saltpetre for a
few days until the inflammation has
ceased, then apply Kendall's Spavin
Cure 2 or 3 times a day and rub well
Avith the hand. In some cases it is
well to apply the bandage after each application of Kendall's Spavin
Cure, always applying the bandage as smooth as possible and rather
tight. In very bad or very old cases we would recommend using
Kendall's Blister, as directed for ring-bone.

DEBILITY. This condition accompanies many diseases; for this
reason anything which has a tendency to reduce the strength of 'ho
horse should be avoided while treating the various diseases, especially of
the chest.

Symptoms of general debility are swelling of the legs, breast, belly,
and sheath. The horse is very weak and staggers as he walks.

Causes are bleeding in treating diseases, starving, and insufficient
and improper diet given to sick horses when they should have been
supported by good and sufficient food during their sickness.

Treatment. Give the tonic powders which we recommend under the
head of Bots, once or twice a day, with a liberal amount of good feed
and water and allow him to recover wholly' before putting him into hard
work.

'" y>^-' ''T^s^ — <=:

THE §UKEST MANNER OF PRODUC
ING CURB.

DYSENTERY.

DEFOR^IITTES IN YOUNG COLTS, are usually canscd by an insuf-
ficient nourishmont; but if the colt is taught to suck milk from a bot-
tle, or something else, so as to become well nourished, deformities of
the limbs will usually be removed.

L)IAlvRII(EA. When this disease is not attended with pain, griping
or pawing, as in colic, it will generally require no treatment, but if it
continue, and the horse shows signs of pain or colic there is reason for
tlie belief tliat there is some irritating poison retained in the bowels
which does not pass away in the excrement. (See dysentery.)
Treatment. Treatment that will allay pain is demanded.
Give twenty drops of tincture of aconite root in a little water, and fol-
low with a powder as given below, every three hours, until the horse is
better. Take prepared chalk, five drachms; cateolm, pulverized, one
drachm ; pulv. opium, ten grains; mix and give as stated above. Give
plenty of good cold water to drink.

When the diarrhoea is better give bran mash for a few days and add
a little ground flaxseed if convenient.

DYSENTERY, ACUTE. Tiiis disease in the horse is very violent,
because the length and size of the intestines of the horse render any dis-
ease within them a very serious aftair.

Cause. Acute dysentery is caused by taking some acrid substance
into the stomach, such as croton oil with aloes, which produce an inflam-
matory purgation; or from the injudicious use of various poisons, such
as tartar emetic, corrosive sublimate, blue vitriol, arsenic, etc. etc.
Nearly all of these substances will be eaten readily if mixed with the
grain, therefore any person
not knowing the proper quan-
tity of such poisons to give
should not venture to use
them.

Symptoms are obscure at
the commencement. As in
nearly all disorders of the in-
testines, so in this, there is
pain in the abdomen. The
pain may be slight at first or
it may be so violent as to be
confounded with the pangs
of colic; the thirst is exces-
sive; the stench offensive.

The position of the body, as
shown in the engraving, is
expressive of abdominal pain.

SUFFERING FROM THE EFFECTS OF A
POWERFUL POISON.

DISTEMPER.

Treatmeiit the same as for diarrhoea, with larger doses of opium
when the pain is violent. Keep the horse and stable clean and give the
horse good care. Do not be concerned about the bowels if they do not
move at all for several da3'S.

DISTEMPER. (Strangles.) This form of sore throat is characterized
by swelling between the bones of the lower jaw, which terminates in an
abscess.

Cause. A specific poison in the
blood, which but few horses es-
cape.

Treatment. The opinions of dif-
ferent veterinarians vary in regard
to the treatment, some recom-
mending poultices while others
forbid it &c., but the following
plan is undoubtedly as good one
as any.

STKANGTES. Give grass or soft feed and

but little if any medicine and if thought best to do anything to hasten
the suppuration apply warm poultices, or some like blistering. The ap-
petite will return when the abscess breaks or is opened.

EPIZOOTIC. This disease attacks many animals at the same time,
and originates in one common cause.

Treatment. A few years ago, when nearly every horse in the country
had this disease, hundreds were either not treated at all or improperly
treated and consequently many were left in a bad condition, which they
did not outgrow for months, and others died for want of proper treat-
ment. At this time I was called upon to prescribe for many, and I soon
found that the following powders were the very best thing I could give.
Take of pulv. liquorice 1 lb., elecampane 1 lb., pulv. fenugreek 1^ lb.,
puly. gentian ^ lb., pulv. anise seed \ lb., ginger \ lb., black antimony |
lb., pulv. saltpetre h, lb., sulphur ^ lb., epsom salts 1 lb., pulv. resin i lb.,
hard wood ashes h Ih., copperas k ^b., mix well and give a tablespoonful
three times a day, at tirst, and then only twice each day.

Every horse that took the above powders recovered fully, and none
were troubled with th"e bad after effects which followed many that re-
ceived no treatment.
FARCY. This is a scrofulous disease affecting the horse.
Symptoms. The hair looks rough and unhealthy ; one of the legs will
generally swell to a very large size, generally the fore leg — hot and
painful — and in a short time will break out in small running sores,
discharging a thin, unhealthy fluid, and sometimes the discharge is
thicker.

14 • FIRING HORSES.

On the side of the neck, body or inside of the leg will be felt a thick
substance under the skin V)ut somewhat elevated and hardened -and in-
terrupted at distances with a small sore simihir to that on the leg. In
some cases soft, puily swellings will be found about many parts of the
body.

Cause. Poorly ventilated stables which are overcrowded with horses ;
inoculation from the virus of the gl.-mdered or farcied horses, and this
virus producing a ferment in the blood. Absorption of pus into the
blood is liable to produce either farcy, glanders or some other zymotic

disease.

Treatment. Understanding the cause of this disease you will readily
see what the treatment should be— that by removing the cause the effects
will cease. Give a tablespoonful of sulphite (not sulphate) of soda
twice a day.

This remedy will stop all fermentation and purify the blood. It would
be well to continue the sulphite of soda two or three times a week for
a few weeks after the horse seems to be well.

After leaving off the sulphite of soda give the" tonic powders as
directed in the treatment for bots, to improve the general condition of
the horse. Give good and generous feed.

Another plan is to give the following powders once or twice a day.
Take sulphur, 8 ozs. saltpetre, 4 ozs. black antimony, 2 ozs. mix and
give one tablespoonful.

Another mode of treating this disease is to give three drachms of
sulphate of copper every night, in the food, until the horse refuses to eat.

After a few days repeat, but if the case is bad give the medicine as a
drench in water, for ten days, if he will not take it in his food.

The horse, as well as all, his clothing and articles used in feeding
him should be removed from all healthy animals, as this is one of the
contagious diseases of the horse.

FIRING HORSES. I can fully indorse the following statements of Dr.
Robt. Mc Clure in regard to this inhuman practice. He says — " This is
an operation which is a great favorite, and in much repute among horse
doctors. For my part I think it not only cruel and barbarous, but un-
necessary, doing no good whatever, and in many cases a positive injury,
the effects of which will never disappear from the legs or body while the
animal lives. Firing is intended by its advocates to prevent and cure
spavin, curbs, sprains and ring-bones by scoring the parts with a red
hot iron in lines over the part that is thought will be diseased or is
already so." See Cautery.

FOOT DISEASES. Navicular disease. (See engraving on cover for
location.)

This is a serious disease, and sometimes is very obscure in its

FOUNDER. 15

symptoms, according to the stage of the disease. Fortunately this dis-
ease is rarely met with, but it is a fruitful cause of permanent lame-
ness. It is many times attributed to some difficulty in the shoulder.

Cause. Hard work upon pavements causing slight intiammation
which is neglected and the horse kept at wprk so that the intiammation
continues until it ends in ulceration.

Symptoms are obscure and yet very much like many of the symp-
toms of other diseases of the feet and legs or shoulders. It is determined
chiefly by an undue amount of heat in the foot and by the fact that no
disease can be found elsewhere or of a different character.

Treatment. Raise the foot and pour Kendall's Spavin Cure on to the
frog and the back part of the foot and heel, and rub it well up into the
hair and repeat this process two or three times a day, for two or three
weeks, or more, if necessary. In bad cases, if the lameness does not
subside in two or three weeks, we would recommend to blister as
recommended for ring-bone, and follow up with the use of Kendall's
Spavin Cure. The above treatment has proved to be the most satisfac-
tory of any treatment known to us.

Poultices sometimes relieve the pnin.

FOUNDER. (LaminUis.) This disease is inflammation of the sen-
sitive laminfe of the foot, of which there are two kinds, acute and
chronic, tiie latter being a continuation of the former. The acute form
is invariably cured, if properly treated, but the chronic form is generally
considered incurable ; it can be relieved very much but the feet are
always afterwards sore and tender in front.

Causes. Allowing to drink cold water, when overheated and tired
from over work, standing in a cold air (or where the wind will strike
the horse) while warm, driving through a river while warm, long and
hard drives over dry roads &c.

Symptoms. The horse will stand upon his heels, with fore feet and
legs stretched out as far as he can get them so as to throw the weight
off as much as possible; and he can scarcely be made to move. The
horse has fever and considerable constitutional disturbance, in the
acute form of the disease.

Treatment (of acute founder.) Give the horse a good bedding of
straw, in a large, well ventilated stall, so as to encourage him to lie
down, which, by removing the weight from the inflamed parts, will re-
lieve his sufferings very much and assist in hastening the cure. As soon
as'his bed is fixed, give him twenty drops of the tincture of aconite root
in a half pint of cold water, poured into his mouth with a bottle
having a strong neck, and repeat this dose every four hours until six or
eight doses have been given. Also apply a cloth wet in ice-water to the

16 CHRONIC FOUNDER.

feet, and keep wet with the same for several hours until the severe pain
has been relieved. Wet the cloths often, and continue for 2 or 3 days,
or longer if necessary. Give plenty of cold water to drink. The above
treatment should be adopted as soon as possible after the horse has
been attacked with founder. Let the horse have rest until he has full;
recovered. Give grass or mashes for 2 or 3 days and then give a gooc
and fair amount of feed.

After the treatment recommended above, if there should still be ten
derness, we would recommend the use of Kendall's Spavin Cure to
remove it, as directed for foot diseases.

Although bleeding is quite strongly recommended by some yet I am
Urmly of the opinion that the above plan, if properly carried out, will
be much more successful.

CIlliONIC FOUNDER in its worst form is not curable, but may be
palliated. The treatment should depend principally upon softening the
hoof by oiling well with castor oil and continuing to keep the hoof well
oiled on the bottom and sides up on to the skin.

We would also recommend in shoeing to place a piece of sole leather
which will cover the whole of the bottom of the foot under the shoe
and drive the nails through the leather so as to hold it as long as the
shoe remains on, then pack oakum or cotton batting saturated with tar
under tlie leather so as to soften up the bottom of the hoof. This works
admirably in many cases.

Some pare the soles of the feet and then allow them to stand in about
six inches of sawdust wet a little every morning for two or three weeks.
This is also a good plan to follow when horses are recovering from
acute founder.

The treatment most likely to effect a permanent cure is that recom-
mended for foot diseases, which see.

FRACTURE. The term fracture is here used to signify a broken bone.
A fracture is termed simple when the bone only is divided; compound,
when in addition there is an external wound of the integuments com-
municating with it; comminuted when the bone is broken or cruslied
into several pieces.

The simple fracture, is the only variety that calls for much notice, in
view of the fact that it ia usually of but little use to attempt to treat
either of the other two varieties.

Many cases of simple fracture may be successfully treated so that the
horse will be useful for many purposes, if not for driving.

Syinptoms. A broken bone is usually detected quite easily, especially
when it is a long bone of the leg, as the horse has not the power to move,
and also by the looseness of the leg. The horse is in great pain, excite-
ment, sweating &c.

FRACTURE.

A GOOD WAY TO SLING A HOUSE WHEN IT IS THOUGHT BEST TO DO SO.

Treatment. If in the summer season, place the horse in the field or
yard, but in winter in a large, comfortable stable or in the barn-yard, if
well protected from wind and storm. Do not give too much bed-
ding nor allow anything to be in the way of the foot, so that it can be car-
ried without interruption. Give twenty-five drops tincture aconite root
every five hours, for the first twenty or twenty-five hours, to lessen the
fever and pain.

Place the l)roken leg in a position as near like the other as possible
in shape and also (by actual measurement) to be of the same length, fin-
it is by neglecting the measurement that some are left to unite shorter
than the sound leg.

When the leg is placed in the same shape and length of the sound
one, apply a good coating of tar to the leg, around, below, and above
the point of fracture. Then wrap the whole leg in carded cotton or
coarse tow, and place over this splints cut out of pieces of boards,
which will rest evenly upon the leg prepared as above, and fill all un-
evenness with the tow or cotton.

Have three or four splints, so as to hold the leg in position constantly.
Secure the whole by carefully applying a strong bandage, or by tying
with soft cord, and make it perfectly secure, so that the horse will not
move the leg where fractured, before it has time to unite.

It is considered by some as bad practice to sling a horse from his feet

18 ' FROST BITES.

in cases of fractnre, and he will seldom put his foot to the ground
until the fracture has united, so that it is not necessary to slin^.

Examine the splints daily and see that they do not get loose.

Give the horse a liberal amount of good feed and cold vvater.

When the horse is kept in a stall it is well to make a hole in the floor,
underneath the foot of the broken leg, so that he can stand with the leg
at fidl length.

With the splints properly applied the horse may safely be left to him-
self and nature will do the rest.

FROST BITES. A state of numbness or torpifaction of a part of the
body, caused by intense cold, which, unless relieved by proper remedies,
is liable to be followed by death of the part. Horses are most liable to
be troubled witli frost-bites on the heels and the back part of the hind
legs, which swell badly, and are sometimes mistaken for scratches.

Treatment. It is very important in the treatment of frost-bites that
heat should not be applied suddenly, but that very cold water be ap-
plied, by which means the frost is extracted very slowly.

Any frozen parts should not be rubbed until the frost has been
extracted.

After the heat has returned to the part Ave know of nothing which we
think will work better than Kendall's Spavin Cure applied several
times; as b}^ so doing the great pain and soreness which is sure to fol-
low is generally averted and thus the bad running sores Avhich some-
times folloAV are prevented. The above treatment is also well adapted
to frost-bites on man.

GLANDERS. This disease is alike fruitful of evil to man and beast
and is generally considered incurable.

A horse may have latent glanders for years, and work well, the dis-
ease being during this time as contagious as in its developed state.

Cmise. The cause is somewhat varied in diff"erent cases, and may be
attributed to tilth, starvation, or to debilitating diseases, as lung fever,
catarrh or any disease capable of generating pus, which being absorbed
into the circulation forms a ferment within the blood.

Symptoms. The membrane lining the nostrils assumes a leaden or
purple color, accompanied by a thin, acrid, transparent and odorless
discharge. This is the tirst stage, during which the general health does
not sufi(n- and the horse may do his ordinary work.

The discharge grows thicker, and sinks when placed in water. The
membrane lining the nostrils will be found to have sores, ragged and de-
pressed at the top, with varicose veins leading to them from all sides.

The appetite fails, and the horse assumes an emaciated and dull ap-
pearance. He will be hide-bound, and his legs swell during the day
and the swelling go down at night.

GREASE HEELS. 19

The ulceration of the nose is very bad, and the sores spread into his
throat; the body also is sometimes afflicted with sores. The horse
ultimately dies in a wasted condition.

Treatment. Most horsemen recommend that the horse be shot as
soon as it is decided that ho is afflicted with glanders, as they consider
the disease incurable, but if the following treatment is adopted early it
may prove successful.

Give from one half to one ounce doses of sulphite of soda at night, in
cut feed, for several weeks, and five grains Spanish liies (powdered) with
it. Give, at the same time, every morning and noon, a powder consist-
ing of three drachms powdered gentian, and two drachms powdered
sulpliate of copper. Give the medicines for a long time, not only to cure
the disease but to improve the general health. Give a good liberal feed
and change the feed often.

GREASE HEELS. This disease of the heels and legs of iiorses is
characterized by a white, offensive, greasy discharge from the heels of
the horse. The skin becomes hot, tender, and swollen, and sometimes
sloughs away, leaving an ugly sore.

Cause. Sudden changes of the temperature of the earth, whether it be
fi-om heat to cold or from wet to dry. This disease generally follows
wet streets, stables or lands.

Treatment. Keep the legs dry and cleansed well with castile soap and
soft water; then apply, once a day, verdigris, one half oz; rum or proof
spirits one pint ; mix and shake well before applying. Or apply Ken-
dall's Spavin Cure after washing well. Some use water, on& pint, sul-
phuric acid, two drachms, corrosive sublimate, one drachm. Mix
and shake before using. Some cases will be cured by keeping clean and
applying glycerine, four ozs. carbolic acid, one drachm; mixed and ap-
plied twice a day. While some cases are cured quite readily others will
not heal for along time.

For obstinate cases use the following : Take one pound concentrated
lye and dissolve it in two quarts Avater, and bottle for use; when needed
pour a wine-glassful of the solution of lye into six quarts of cold water,
and wash and bathe the heels for half an hour, night and morning. Dry
the heels often after the bathing, as they will become very moist. (See
Scratches.)

HEAVES. This disease is due to rupture and enlargement of the air
cells of the lungs, wiiich lessens the value and usefulness of the horse.

There is every degree of intensity to be seen in this disease, from the
*case that is so slight that only the expert can detect it, to the one wiiere
the patient finds it very difficult to breathe, even when not being exer-
cised.

Causes. In cases of heaves, horses are always greedy eaters ; and it is

HIDE-BOUND.

•;^^*

LISTENING TO THE SOUNDS
MADE WITHIN THE WIND-
PIPE.

frenorully found that they have been fed
an enormous amount of liay or coarse
food, which they are quite sure to eat if
they can possibly lind room for it.

Heaves are never found in racing sta-
bles, Avhere the horses are properly fed;
consequently, it is but reasonable to at-
tribute the cause to overfeeding with hay
and coarse feed.

Treatment. Restrict the quantity of
hay, and increase the amount of grain
fed, which will give the lungs increase of
room to act.

I shall give here various receipts which
experience has proved to be good.

Favorite Receipts for Heaves.

1st. Assafoetida pul v. one oz. ; Camphor gum pulv. one half oz, ISIix,
and divide into four powders; feed one every other night for a week,

2d. Resin, two ozs., tartar emetic, twoozs. ; Spanish brown, two ozs.
cayenne, two ozs. Mix, and give two teaspoonfuls, twice a day, in the
feed.

3d. A horseman with whom I am acquainted, says he has cured
several cases of heaves with oil tar. He gives the ordinary case a
teaspoonfiil every night or every other night, by pouring it on to the
tongue and then giving some grain which carries it into the stomach.

He says lie has given very bad cases two or three tablespoonfuls at a
dose with grand results.

He reports it to be tlie best remedy in use, and also good for any cough,
or to put a horse in good condition; in fact it is his "cure all."

4th. The Condition Powders recom mended for Epizootic have proved
themselves to be a most excellent remedy when fed quite freely for
a few days. (See treatment for epizootic.)

PIIDE-BOUND. A term used to denote the adherence of the skin to
the ribs, when the horse is diseased. It usually arise? from a deficiency
in the quality or quantity of food, and is commonly an attendant on
lingering diseases.

Treabncnt. Give mixed feed— cut hay, bran and corn meal, wet with
just enough water to cause the whole to keep together. ^

The following powders should be given in the feed, every night,^^

two weeks :

Powdered gentian root three drachms, powdered sulphate of iron, two
drachms. Mix, and give for one dose

HINTS OX FOOD. 1st. The foundation of many diseases is laid in

HIP-JOINT LAMENESS. 21

feeding all horses in the same proportions, without any regard lo age,
constitution or the work which the horse is required to do. The impro-
priety of such a course is readily seen.

2d. Bad hay has not proper nourishment in it; therefore it would be
poor policy to buy it simpl5^ because it is cheap, as it is often very dear
in the end.

3d. Old horses will do better on chaff tlian on hay, as they can chew
and digest it better.

4th. There is not sufficient nutriment in grass or hay alone to sup-
port a horse well under hard work.

5th. Corn which has been damaged is very injurious, as it will pro-
duce inflammation of the bowels and skin diseases

6th. Oats and corn are the best nourishment if a horse is worked
hard, but if not, it should be chiefly hay, because corn and oats supply
more nourishment and flesh-making material than any other kind of
food; but hay not so much.

7th. For a coach horse four to six quarts of good oats and erghteen
pounds of good hay arc usually sufficient. If a horse should be worked
hard he should have more of each; but if worked but little he should

have less.

8th. Chopped hay sprinkled with a little water, which has had a tea-
spoonful of salt dissolved in it, is quite pleasing to the taste of the horse,
and is also more easily digested.

9th. Spring or well water is not usually as good for a horse as
water from a stream or pond, as the former is usually hard and cold.

10th. Horses require and should have at least a pailful of water,
morning and evening; or. what is better, give a half pailful at four dif-
ferent times in a day.

nth. A horse should not be driven nor worked hard directly after he
hns had a full draught of water, nor soon after eatins: heartily, as ex-
ertion prevents digestion.

12th. Do not allow a horse to become accustomed to drinking warm
water, for if compelled to drink cold at any time it will be liable to

cause colic.

13th. Do not w^ork nor drive a horse if he refuses his food, after
drinking, until you have given him rest.

14th. Do not feed nor water a horse directly after his coming in very
warm, but let him walk about until cool; groom him quite dry first with
a wisp of straw and then with a comb and brush, and rub the legs well
with the hand. When he is cool give him his grain.

HIP- JOINT LAMENESS. This disease is generally seen in young
horses and may be caused by rheumatism or by some accident, although
it is due oftentimes to a hereditary taint.

INFLAMMATION OF STOMACH.

Sy7}iptomfi. The log appears shorter, and, when the horse is standing,
is placed slightly under the body and not doubled up, or standing upon
the toe as is seen in diseases of hock-joint. In nearly all cases of so-
called liip and whirl-bone; disease, the true seat of disease will be found
to be in the hock-joint. (See spavin.)

In hip-joint lameness there is a dragging or swaying motion of the
limb outward. An extra degree of heat will be found over this joint.

I'reabnoit. Give the horse absolute rest for a few weeks and begin,
when first allowed to rest, to apply cold water cloths over the hip-
joint, which continue one or two days or more, until the heat and
tend(;rness have been removed.

Then apply Kendall's Spavin Cure two or three times a day for two or
three weeks, or longer if necessary, and allow a week's rest after slop-
ing its use.

INFLAMMATION OF STO:\[ACH is caused generally by some poi-
son given to improve the coat of the animal. Some persons are in a
liabit df giving powders composed of poisonous drugs to improve
the general appearance of the horse, and \vhich, if given in proper
quantities and sufHciently diluted, so as not to come in contact with the
coating of the stomach while in its full strength, might perhaps do goo'd
in many cases, but when given by an ignorant person it is sometimes
given not only full strength but in large doses on the principle that if a
little will do good a larger amount will do more good.

Symptoms. The horse is frantic on account of the excessive pain, but
the symptoms are not decided in all cases.

The following symptoms occur, bat not all in each case; nor do
they occur simultaneously. Great thirst; loathing of food; redness
of the membranes; frequent eruc-
tations which smell bad ; discharge
of thick saliva; rolling, pawing,
colic, striking at the belly, panting,
tucked-up flanks, quick and small
pulse, passing mucus in large
quantities, straining, looking at
the abdomen, loss of strength,
convulsions, madness and death.

Treatment. Give at once two
ozs. tincture of opium, one and
a half ozs. sulphuric ether, and
two ozs. magnesia in one quart of
cold gruel or milk, and repeat if
necessary. Suffering from acute inflamma-

If corrosive sublimate is known tion of the stomach.

INFLUENZA.

to bo the poison, give 15 or 20 raw eggs with the above drench.
INFLUENZA. An epidemic disease occurring in tlie^ spring of the

year.

ISympioms. A chill, succeeded by increased heat of the body, and fever,
cough, discharge of mucus fi-om the nose, loss of appetite, great pros-
tration, followed in a day or two with swelling of the legs, and, in some
bad cases, of the belly, breiist, &c. These symptoms vary some in differ-
ent cases.

Treatment. Cover the horse with a good blanket, and place him in
a good, comfortable stable with proper ventilation but not too cold.
Give 20 drops of tincture of aconite root in a little cold water every
four hours until four or five doses have been given, and allow the horse
plenty of good cold w'ater to drink.

A FREQUENT SIGHT WHEN IT WAS THE CUSTOM TO BLEED
AND TREAT TOO ACTIVELY IN THIS DISEASE.

Then give the following: powdered gentian, four ounces, powdered
lenugreek, four ounces, and powdered licorice root two ounces. Mix,
and divide into twenty five powders and give two or three each day.
Allow the horse to have rest until he has fully recovered.

INTEKFERIXG. This is usually the result of weakness of the horse,
although the blacksmith is frequently blamed for it, and perhaps justly
sometimes, on account of being somevdiat careless when the interfering
might have been avoided, with a little care. Yet the cause is generally
weakness.

Treatment. Give the strengthening powder recommended for treat-
ment of bots, and feed well.

KIDNEYS, DISEASE OF. The straddling gait, as represented

KIDNEYS, DISEASE OF.

SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES OF THE
UKINAKY ORGANS.

in the engraving below, is not peculiar to any one disorder of the kid-
neys more than to another, but when it is seen it is always the result

of some disorder of the kidneys.

Gravel. Calculi, stony or gritty
matter formed in tlie kidneys, wliich
passes olY in the urine. It causes
some irregularity in making water.

Treatment. Give 35 drops of mu-
riatic acid, in a pailful of water to
drink, and repeat twice a week.

Bloody urine should be treated by

placing warm water cloths over the

back, above the kidneys, and giving

flaxseed tea to drink, which will

soothe the parts. When old horses

are troubled Avith kidney diseases

they can be helped a great deal by

giving soft feed, such as boiled or

steamed feed, or newly cut grass, with

flaxseed tea and plenty of good cold

water to drink at all times.

Inflammation of the bladder. Symptoms almost the same as those of

inflammation of the kidneys. The tenderness is found when the horse

is pressed upon under the flanks.

Treatment about the same as for inflammation of the kidneys,
which see. Give a quart of raw linseed oil or other pliysic, as for in-
flammation of the kidneys.

Inflammation of the kidneys is caused
by bad provender, hard work, slipping,
taking a sudden cold, after a hard
day's work or drive, or after being un-
der the saddle for a long time; and,
also, by an indiscriminate use of nitre
or other diuretics.

Symptoms. Quickened and short
breathing, suggestive of pain; more
or less fever, with quick, hard pulse;
unwillingness to move the hind legs
which the animal straddles apart when
he walks, as shown in the engraving
above; looking anxiously around to

his flanks ; urine scanty and high test fou infla^imation OF
colored, and sometimes bloody. The the kidneys.

LAMENESS.

horse seldom lies down and almost refuses to move about, and crouches •'
beneath pressm-e made over the kidneys, as shown in the engraving.
This disease is sometimes confounded with colic, which see.

Trealmejil. Do not give any diuretics, as they will do more harm
tlian good. Use hot fomentations over the kidneys, and change the
cloths often. In the first stage, give twenty to forty-five grs. of pow-
dered opium, and fifteen grs. of calomel, sprinkled on the tongue, and
repeat every hour or two, for a few times, or while the acute stage con-
tinues. No food will be necessary during the acute stage of the disease,
but it would be well to set before the horse a pailful of good linseed tea
and allow him to drink all he will. If the pulse is quick and hard, as is
usually the case, give twenty drops of tincture of aconite root, either
between doses of opium and calomel or after it has been given, and re-
peat until the pulse becomes slower and softer. Give the horse a
month's rest, and use carefully for some time.

LAMENESS. It occurs as a symptom in spavin, ring-bone, bruises,
sprains, fractures, and many wounds and injuries, which we treat of in
their proper places. We do not know of any remedy which equals
Kendall's Spavin Cure, for lameness of every kind, and it is equally

good for lameness on man.

LAMPERS. (Written also, Lampass.) A swelling of some of the
lower bars of a horse's mouth; so named because formerly removed by
burning with a lamp or hot iron.

Treatment. Pinch or cut the bars until they bleed, and then rub in a

little table salt, which is much better than burning the mouth with a

red hot iron.

LUNGS, DISEASES OF. The lungs are subject to many diseases.
Piienmonia. (Lung fever.) In this disease the substance of the

lungs is intlamed, instead of the air passages, as in bronchitis.

Symptoms. The horse will often-
times, have a discharge from the

nostrils, following a sudden ex-
posure to cold, after being kept in

a warm stable, and then the disease

is ushered in by a chill, followed

by fever, which is increased for a

short time; cold legs and ears,

quick and wiry pulse, quick and

difficultbreathing.pain in the chest,

which is aggravated by coughing,

and a quivering of the muscles of

the side and breast.
The horse will not eat, and continually stands with his head down,

COMMENCEMENT OF INFLAMMATION
OF THE LUNGS.

LUNGS, DISEASES OF.

,..,

POSITION ASSUMED IN THE LAST
STAGE OF PNEUMONIA.

^ and cars lopped, and will not lie down nor move about; the nostrils are
exp.-inded. Jf the ear is upj)lied to the side of the chest or neck a pe-
culiar creaking noise is heard.

Cause. Perhaps one of the most frequent causes is a hard or fast
drive against a cold wind, after be-
ing taken from a warm, tight and
poorly ventilated stable, where
S(n'eral horses have remained
through the night; or some diller-
ent alteration and sudden change
of heat, cold or moisture in an
animal not accustomed to work, or
in one not in proper condition to
■work.

Treatment. The stable should
be a comfortable place; not too
cold and yet well ventilated. Give
the horse clothing according to the

Aveather, but do not change from a heavy blanket to a light one, nor to
one that is damp. Keep the legs warm with bandages.

Give twentj^-five drops of the tincture of aconite root, in a cupful of
cold water, and repeat the dose every four hours, until live or six doses
have been given, which will probably cause the horse to perspire freely.
Care should be taken not to allow the horse to stand in a draft of air.
Do not bleed as some recommend. It was my misfortune in my early
life to place a horse, sick Avith this disease, under the c^re oi ?i. so-called,
veterinary surgeon who bled the horse freely and directed to give him
large doses of Dover's powder every four hours.

I was not only the five dollars out, which he cliarged me, but came very
near being out a good horse. The horse was about ruined for life, and
probably would not have lived but for my own timely interference, by
supporting the horse with vigorous tonic and stimulating treatment.

When the disease .turned (as commonly expressed) the horse needed
every drop of the blood which had' been so cruelly taken from him.

After the horse has taken sufficient tincture of aconite root, as soon
as he seems to have an appetite for food, a pint of crushed oats, thorough-
ly scalded, may be given during the day. Great care should be taken
not to allow the horse a large amount of food at one time, which would
overload the stomach, and might cause a return of the disease. Little
and often must be the rule at first, and then the quantity may be in-
creased, while the frequency is diminished. Do not give any hay for
several days.

Raw eggs and otlier nourishing and stimulating articles may be given.

PLEURISY. 27

if the horse shows si^i^ns of great Aveakness. The nourishment should
be in a concentrated form and hay and grass should be kept from the
horse for a few days and then given in quantities small at first and
gradually increased. The horse will not lie down until improvement
has taken place.

PLEURISY. This is an inflammation of the membrane covering the
lungs and lining the cavity of tlie chest.

Symptoms. A chill, fever, an occasional painful and short cougli,
and careful breathing, and a disinclination to turn short. A peculiar
line will usually be seen running from the haunch, round the belly to
the breast-bone. The breathing is not so quick and short as in inflam-
mation of the lungs.

Causes. Broken ribs or wounds, and other causes similar to those
causing lung fever.

Treatment. The treatment should be about the same as for lung fever.
Feed well while the horse is convalescing.

Abscess of the lungs. This is sometimes the termination of lung fever
and is very much to be dreaded.

Treatment. Should be the same as for glanders, and the patient should
be supported, if necessary, by giving raw eggs, tonics, stimulants, &c.

NASAL GLEET. This is a chronic discharge from the nostrils, of a
whitish, muco-purulent matter. It is generally caused by neglecting to
treat catarrh and colds properly. The horse may look well and feel
well, and the general health be quite good.

Treatment. Give a course of tonic powders and feed well. Powders
like those recommended in the treatment of hots will do well.

NAVICULAR DISEASE. (See foot disease.)

POLL-EVIL. This consists of a formation of pus like an abscess,
and is familiar to all horsemen.

Cause. Disease of the bone, or injury to the part.

Treatment. Open the swelling as soon as it lias become a little soft,
before the pus has time to burrow down among the bones, and thus pre-
vent the spread of the disease.

;^L•lke a large opening so as to allow all the pus to escape, and clean
out well, if necessary, with a swab, so as to reiliove all the pus, and do
this twice a day as long as any pus remains. Syringe out with a solu-
tion of carbolic acid, 50 drops to each pint of soft water.

PROUD FLESH. A name commonly used to describe an excessive
growth of flesh on an ulcer, or excessive granulation. To cure this
sprinkle a little powdered blue vitrol or burnt alum on the surface.

QUITTOR. A chronic abscess in the hoof, caused by a bruise or
prick of the sole, or from the calk of one foot being pressed into the
coronet of the other, confined pus from suppuration, corn, &c.

28 RHEUMATISM.

Symptoms. The horse is very Lime on account of the inflammation
before sniipuration takes place, but is relieved somewhat as soon as the
quittor has burst.

Treatment. This should begin as soon as any lameness is discovered
from any of the above named causes, and the inflammation stopped if
possible before suppuration takes place. Kendall's Spavin Cure, ap-
plied freely to any of the injuries which result in quittor, will prevent
this termination, if applied in season; but if it is not cut short, then
keep clean and apply a solution of carbolic acid, one oz., to water,
one quart.

Poultu^es of flaxseed meal are sometimes very useful.

RHEUMATISM. In acute rheumatism there is great excitement and
fever with severe pain in the legs and joints. The pain is so severe that
the horse hardly dares to move from the place he occupies, on account
of the extreme pain which it causes. He has no unnatural heat in the
feet as in founder

Cause. Exposure to a draft of cold air when a liorse has been heated,
thus suddenly checking perspiration.

Treatment. Place the horse in a good, comfortable stable, as soon as
possible after it is discovered that he is afflicted with acute rheuma-
tism, and commence the following treatment. Give the horse about
twenty-five drops of the tincture of aconite root, every four hours, un-
til five or six doses have been given.

Cover with a blanket and give the horse general good care. Give
the following powders as soon as the tincture of aconite has been given.
Bicarbonate of soda, four ozs., sulphur, eight ozs., saltpetre powdered,
four ozs., mix, and divide into eight powders and give two or three times
a day, according to the severity of the case, and repeat, if necessary.

Apply Kendall's Spavin Cure to the joints or to any part which swells
or is tender.

Chronii INictwiatism. This is a frequent cause of lameness and it is
oftentimes quite difficult to decide fully as to the cause of the lameness.

Treatment. For this form of the disease we recommend the same
powders as given above for acute rheumatism, only to be continued a
longer time, and to apply the Kendall's Spavin Cure to the afflicted
parts. Only a small quantity need be used at a time but it should be
rubbed well down to the skin and continued for several weeks if it
should be necessary to continue so long. The Kendall's Spavin Cure
used twice a day is also the best external remedy we know of for tliis dis-
ease in man; but it should be used for some lime, as the disease, Avhen
of long standing, can not be cured in a few days. It may be applied a
small quantity at a time and continued for one to three or four weeks
if necessary.

RING-BONE. 29

RING-BONE. (For position see plate of skeleton.) Ring-bone is the
result, usually, of weakness, liereditarj^ predisposition, or of a peculiar
formation of the pastern joints which makes them poorly adapted to
hard work; and therefore a provisional callous (or bony substance) is
thrown out as a provision of nature to strengthen parts which are
too weak.

Only slight injuries to such a joint as we have described above will
in many cases result in the growth of a ring-bone.

Treatment. The treatment of ring-bone has been very unsatisfactory
in the past and is still attended with muirh difficulty in some cases,
especially those of long standing and on old horses ; yet we feel certain

J that the following treatment will prove successful in
a large share of cases, if persevered in. We find many
persons who expect a cure too soon and condemn the
best treatment possible before they have used it long
enough for it to liave any effect whatever, and there-
fore we say if 3'ou would treat ring-bone successfully
never stop in a few days, as so serious an affection
cannot be removed in so short a time. If it is of re-
^ cent origin, and the horse is young we feel confident
I that nearly all such cases can be cured with a proper
:- use of Kendall's Spavin Cure; but if the case is of
long standing and on an old horse the chances of a
RING-BONE. cure are lessened, and therefore we find it neces-

1. The joint bet«-een gary in many cases to use, with the Spavin Cure,
the pastern bones. t- i m rn- i. t ,• , ,

2. The joint between ^^"dall s Blister, as per direction on the bottle.

the lower pastern (or In using the Kendall's Spavin Cuve, clip the hair
small pastern) and over the bunch and apply from every other day to
the coffin bone. two or three times a day as seems to work best; rub

well with the hand often. In most cases it would be best to apply soft
soap, once in four to ten days, to soak up the scab, then clean off and ap-
ply Kendall's Spavin Cure again. In some very bad cases where the
Spavin Cure does not seem to remove the bunch and lameness, after
using one bottle, it would be best to use our blister, followed by the ap-
plication of Kendall's Spavin Cure every day, for two or three weeks,
when the blister can be repeated, if necessary.

In using Kendall's Blister clip the hair over the bunch and rub in the
blister well for ten minutes or more. Put on some sweet oil or other
grease in two days^ When the inflammation subsides wash with cas-
tile soap and warm water, and Avhen it is dry apply Kendall's Spavin
Cure as directed on bottle. If the case does not yield in two or three
weeks, use the blister again as before, followed by the Spavin Cure in
two or three days.

30 SADDLE GALLS.

Tie up the horse's head for a few hours after the Blister has been ap-
plied. We would say tliat this blister works admirably alone in many
cases (not only for ring-bone but also for spavins, curbs, «&;c.) and is
particularly of great value in connection with the KendalTs Spavin
Cure for old and bad cases which do not seem to yield to the use of the
Spavin Cure alone.

(Where the KendalPs Blister cannot be had of your druggist, send $ 1.
to B. J. Kendall & Co., Enosburgh Falls, Vt., and they will send a box
by return mail.) Give the horse a few weeks' rest after the cure seems
to be coni])lete.

SADDLE GALLS are sores produced by the saddle or by any other
part of the harness.

Treatment. The cause should be removed by attending to the saddle
or other pai't of the harness and adjusting it so as to remove the press-
ure. Kendall's Spavin Cure is used with excellent success for all such
sores by applying a small quantity twice a day. If the Kendall's Spavin
Cure cannot be obtained, get at a drug store Laudanum two ozs. Tannin
two drachms and mix and apply twice a day.

SCRATCHES. An inllnmmation of the skin of the heel of a horse,
the first appearance of which is usually a dry and scurvy state of the
skin of the heel, with redness, heat and itching, (See grease heel.)

Treatment. Wash the affected parts clean with castile soap and warm
soft water, and dry ; then use glycerine, eightozs., carbolic acid 1 drachm,
mixed and applied twice a day, washing as above when necessary to
keep the parts clean. Also see treatment for grease heel.

It has been reported to us that Kendall's Spavin Cure, applied twice a
d.ay, after washing as above, has worked nicely. It is well usually to
give condition powders: saltpetre four ozs., sulphur eight ozs., copperas
four ozs., fenugreek twelve ozs., gentian four ozs. ; mix, and give a ta-
ble-spoonful twice a day.

SHOULDER-LAMENESS. This is common among young horses
when plowing in the furrow, or it may result from a slip sidewise by a
horse of any age. Horses in cities are especially liable to this difficulty.
The muscles of the shoulder and sometimes the shoulder joint is involved.

Symptoms. Heat, tenderness, and sometimes swelling of the parts.
It is sometimes difficult to ascertain the exact location of the lameness,
but by making a thorough examination of all parts and finding no lame-
ness, heat, or tenderness in other parts, it will be quite certain that the
difficulty is located in the shoulder, especially if it is found hot and tender.
The horse steps shorter with the sound leg than with the lame one,
which he drags along. In nearly all diseases of the foot the horse

SHOULDER-JOINT LAMENESS.

Stretches the leg out straight forward, but in shoulder lameness it will
be carried out more from the body.

Treatment. The horse should have entire rest, and the shoulder should
have cold water cloths applied to it for two or three days and changed
frequently. As soon as the heat has been reduced the cold water cloths
may be left oflf and Kendall's Spavin Cure applied twice a day for a few
days or until the lameness subsides. In some cases Kendairs Blister
would work admirably.

In applying the Blister place it where the friction from the collar will
not affect it. Allow the horse a rest of two or three weeks after the cure
seems to be complete and the treatment is stopped.

SHOULDER-JOINT LAMENESS. This difficulty, being located in
the joint, is much more serious than the shoulder lameness just described,
and it is more difficult to effect a perfect cure of it.

Symptoms. The animal drags the
leg, with the toe on the ground, and
throws the leg out in attempting to
move it. It is with great difficulty
that he can raise his foot.

Treatment. If the treatment is not
put off too long a cure may reason-
ably be expected, if the following di-
rections are followed. This disease
being similar to a spavin in the hock-
joint should have similar treatment.
If the part is very hot reduce the

^^y^^:?//, k\\\ N

DRAGGING THE FORWARD FOOT
AN INDICATION OF SHOULDER
LAMENESS.

temperature by cold cloths as recommended for shoulder lameness, or
perhaps hot fomentations may work well instead of the cold— then apply
Kendall's Spavin Cure two or three times a day as directed for spavin.
If, after one bottle of Spavin Cure has been used, the case does not im-
prove as fast as is thought it should, use Kendall's Blister, as recom-
mended for ring-bone and follow it with the Spavin Cure as before.
(See also treatment of spavin.)

Give the horse a good bedding Avith dry sawdust or some soft bed for
his front feet to stand on, as he will be liable to stamp on the floor with
his foot, and in this way you will avoid the concussion to the shoulder.

SIDE BONES. This is a species of ring-bone. The side cartilages
of the joint become ossified but do not extend around as in ring-bone.
The tr(*tment should be the same as for ring-bone.

SKIN DISEASES. There are many different varieties of skin dis-
eases and yet many seem to be produced by the same causes but present
different appearances in different horses.

MANGE, ITCH &C.

THE MANGE INSECT.

BALDNESS. This is produced ijy faulty digestion sometimes, when
small pimples appear in abundance and contain a fluid. In this form
turn the horse to grass or give soft feed.

When caused by blisters, burns, &c.,
if the true skin has not been destroyed, ap-
ply, three or four times a week, the follow-
ing mixture. Glycerine, four ozs., tincture
of cantharides, two ozs-, mixed.

Some cases do well by using the following
— iodine, one drachm, lard, two ozs., mix
and rub down to the skin twice a week.

MANGE, ITCH &C. These are conta-
gious di:jeases caused by an insect burrow-
ing in the skin.

Sy^nptoms. The horse rubs himself
against anything he can get at. Small pim-
ples are seen about the head and neck and
under the mane.

Tlie hair falls off and leaves the skin exposed, with red colored points
and fissures, the skin becomes dry and bald and there is groat itching.

Treatment. Give the horse a good scrubbing, with a coarse brush, and
then wash him well with castile soap and soft water and dry carefully.
As soon as the horse is thoroughly dried, apply an ointment made as

follows : sulphur, four ozs.
lard, ten ozs., carbolic acid,
i oz., mixed.

This disease being con-
tagious, persons should be
careful to have everything
|fc used about the horse thor-
oughly cleansed and sub-
jected to great heat, by
steaming or boiling, to de-
stroy the insect which is
the cause of the disease. It
would be well to apply
some of the ointment giy-
\ en above to parts of the
stall, rubbing-posts &c.
SORES. Of the great
SYMPTOMS OP MANGE. variety of sores many are

what might be termed healthy sores while others become unhealthy.

SPAVIN. 33

The former are best treated with tincture of opium, two ozs., tannin
one drachm, mixed and applied in small quantities two or three times a
day. The unhealthy sore is best treated by cleansing the sore and apply-
ing Kendall's Spavin Cure twice a day. In some cases, where there is
proud flesh, cauterize the part with nitrate of silver or blue vitriol, and,
after a few hours, apply Kendall's Spavin Cure.

Kendall's Spavin Cure has given entire satisfaction whenever used, to
our knowledge, for healthy or unhealthy sores, on man or beast. It
should be used by applying a small quantity directly into the sore after
it has been cleansed.

SPAVIN. {For location see cut of skeleton.) In nearly all cases of
lameness in the hind leg the seat of disease will be found to be in the
hock-joint, although many persons (not having had experience) locate
the difficulty in the hip, simply because they cannot detect any swelling
of the hock-joint ; but in many of the worst cases there is not seen any
swelling or enlargement for a long time and perhaps never.
BONE SPAVIN is a growth of irregular bony matter from the bones

of the joint, and situated on the inside, and in front of
the joint.

Cause. The causes of spavins are quite numerous,
but usually they are sprains, blows, hard work, and,
in fact, any cause exciting inflammation of this part
of the joint. Hereditary predisposition in horses is
a frequent cause.

Symptoms. The symptoms vary in different cases.
In some horses-the lameness comes on very gradually.
BONE SPAVIN. while in others, it comes on more rapidly.
It is usually five to eight weeks before any enlargement appears.
There is marked lameness when the horse starts oat, but he usually
gets over it after driving a short distance, and if allowed to stand for a
while will start lame again.

There is sometimes a reflected action, causing a little dilfcrence in
the appearance over the hip joint, and, if no elargeuK^nt has made its
appearance, a person not having had exj)erience is very liable to be de-
ceive. 1 in regard to the true location of the dittteulty. The horse will
stand on either leg in resting in the stable, but when he is resting the
lame leg he stands on the toe.

If the joint becomes consolidated the horse will be stiff in the leg but
may not have much pain.

Treatment. That we may not be misunderstood in regard to what
we mean by a cure, we would say that we mean to stop the lameness,
and in most cases to rempve the bunch on such cases as are not past
any reasonable hopes of a cure.

SPAVIN.

Natural action.
Leg brought for-
ward.

Effect of a bad Spav
in
forward

Leg not brouglit

But we do not mean to be un-
derstood that in :i case of anchy-
losis (stifF-joint) we can again re-
store the joint to its original con-
dition; -for this is an impossiljil-
ity, owing to the union of the two
bones making them as one. Nei-
ther do we mean that, in any ordi-
nary case of bone spavin which has
become completely ossified (that
is the bunch become solid bone) —
that in such a case the enlarge-
ment will be removed.

In any bony growths like spav-
in or ring-bone it will be exceed-
ingly difficult to determine just when there is a sufficient deposit of phos-
phate of lime so that it is completely ossified; for the reason that in
some cases the lime is deposited faster than in others, and therefore
one case may be completely ossified in a few months while in another it
will be as many years.

They are the cases which are not completely ossified that we claim to
remove. One of this chiss which we have seen removed was a large
bone spavin of four or five years standing, and we think that a large
per cent, of cases are not fully ossified for several months or years.

AVe are well aware that many good horsemen say that it [is impossi-
ble to cure spavins, and in fact this has been the experience of horse-
men until the discovery of Kendall's Spavin Cure. It is now knoAvn
that the treatment which we recommend here will cure nearly every
case of bone spavin which is not i)ast any reasonable hopes of a cure,
if the directions are followed, and the horse is properly used.

In using Kendall's Spavin Cure apply it two or three times a day
until the lameness has all subsided, and then gradually decrease the
quantity used, or only apply it once or twice a day.

If it is necessary to use the horse much, apply only at night. When
the enlargement has been removed the medicine may be left off, and
the horse should have several weeks' rest. Although some horses can
be put at light work as soon as the cure is complete, yet we would rec-
ommend that all be allowed to rest for several weeks.

Some liave an erroneous idea, thinking tiiat in using a bottle of Ken-
dall's Spavin Cure it makes no difference about the time taken to apply
it, and tiicreforc have used the whole of a bottle in two or three days,
and, as they see no perceptible change they discard the medicine before
it has had time to take any eft'ect— to such we would say, only a little

OCCULT SPAVIN. 35

will be absorbed a,nd the remainder goes to waste ; therefore apply it
onlj' over just the size of the spavin, and enougli to wet it well, for two
or three times, at each application, and rnb it well down to the skin
each time, with a small swab, or the finger, until it has been absorbed,
and repeat this two or three times a day and continue using the 'medicine
until the cure is complete, which takes usually from two to eight weeks,
or longer, according to the age and condition of the spavin. Much
also depends upon how the horse is used.

In some very bad and old cases, if the lameness docs not subside after
using one bottle o^ Kendall's Spavin Cure it would be well to apply
Kendall's Blister *as directed on box, and follow up witli Kendall's
Spavin Cure for two or three weeks, and repeat the Blister several times
if necessary. The Blister is not, like some we have seen, so powerful
as to destroy the skin and other tissues; yet it is very well adapted, when
used \yith Kendall's Spavin Cure, to the treatment of old and bad cases
which do not seem to yield with the Spavin Cure alone. (We will send
our Blister by mail to any address on receipt of price, $ 1.)

After a few days' use of Kendall's Spavin Cure a thick, firm scab is
usually formed, which if pulled off will take the hair wnth it; yet it
does not affect the growth of the hair. The better way is to apply soft
soap to soften up the scab and in 2 or 3 hours wash well and wlien dry
apply again, as before. (See testimonials and other information in
another part of this book.)

We give no other treatment, as our experience with various other
remedies, inckuling blisters, liniments, &c., lias ln^en very tinsatis factory,
as has been the experience of horsem(>n all over the world; but Ken-
dall's Spavin Cure, when properly used, has given eiitire satisfaction.
See " our experience with hone spavin''^ on page 64 of this book.

OCCULT SPAVIN. This is similar to bone spavin in its nature, the
difference being that the location is within the joint, so that no enlarge-
ment is seen, which makes it moi^e difficult to come to a definite conclu-
sion as to its location, and consequently the horse is oftentimes blis-
tered and tormented in nearly all parts of the leg but in the right place.

The causes and effects are the same as in bone spavin,
and it should be treated in the same Avay.

These cases are often mistaken for hip disease, be-
cause no enlargement can be seen.

Bog Spavin. The location of this kind of spavin is
more in front of the hock-joint than that of bone
spavin, and it is a soft and yet firm swelling. It does not
generally cause lameness.

Treatment. Use Kendall's Spavin Cure, as directed blood spavin

SPRAIN.

2.
3.

A splint near
the knee.
A low splint.
A small bony
growth on the
front of the
leg, also called
Splint.

for bone spavin, and, if tho enlargement is not removed
in two to four weeks, apply Kendall's Blister, as direct-
ed for bone spavin, and continue the Spavin Cure.

Blood Spavin. This is similar to bog spavin but
more extended, and generally involves the front, inside
and outside of the joint, giving it a rounded appearance.
The swelling is soft and fluctuating. Young horses and
colts, especially if driven or worked hard, are more
liable to have this form of spavin than older horses.

Treatme7it. For this form of spavin (especially 4:)ad
cases) we would recommend our Blister, to be applied
every two weeks for a few times, and the Spavin Cure
to be iised.between times of blistering, as recommend-
ed on box. Rub well, with the hand, often.

SPLINT. This is a small, bony enlargement, 'and
generally situated on the inside of the fore-leg, about 3
or 4 inches below the knee joint, and occurs frequent-
ly in young horses when they are worked too hard.

Treatment should be the siime as for bone spavin, which see.

SPRAIN. By this is meant the sudden shifting of a joint farther
than is natural, but not so as to produce dislocation. Every joint is lia-
ble to sprain by the horse's falling, slipping, or being overworked. These
cases cause a great deal of troul^le, oftentimes producing lamen(^ss,
pain, swelling, tenderness and an unusual amount of heat in the part.

Treatment. Entire rest should be given the horse, and if the part is
found hot, as is usually the case, apply cold water cloths, changing fre-
quently, for from one to three days until the heat has subsided, when ap-
ply Kendall's Spavin Cure, twice or three times a day, rubbing well
with the hand.

If the fever is considerable, it might be well to give 15 drops of tinc-
ture of aconite root, three times a day, for one or two days, while the
cold water cloths are being applied. Allow the horse a rest of a few
weeks, especially in bad cases, as it is very difficult to cure some of
these cases, unless the horse is allowed to rest.

STAGGERS. A disease of horses resulting from some lesion of the
brain, which causes a loss of control of voluntary motion. As it gener-
ally occurs in fat horses w4iich are well fed, those subject to these at-
tacks should not be over-fed. The cause is an undue amount of blood
flowing to the brain.

Treatment. The aim of the treatment should be to remove the cause.
In ordinary cases give half a pound of epsom salts, and repeat if neces-
sary to have it physic, and be careful about over-feeding.

In mad staggers it would be well to bleed from the neck in addition to
giving the epsom salts.

STIFLE-JOINT LAMENESS.

STIFLE-JOINT L A:MENESS. This is not one of verj' common occur-
rence, but occurs occasionally in colts kept on uneven ground, which in-
duces dislocation of the stifle, or patella, which slips off from the round-
ed heads of the bones when the horse steps.

It sometimes occurs in horses which are kept on bad food, or in those
which are constitutionally weak.

Symptoms. The horse stops sud-
denly and extends one of the hind leg^
backwards. The pastern is flexed
and the head raised, as shown in
the engraving, and there is a swelling
upon the outer side of the pastern, with
great pain. It sometimes occurs in
colts on the slightest cause.

Treatment. Any flurry may restore
the bone to its proper place, in colts,
but for cases which do not become re-
placed, in colts or horses, get into a patella, or whiklbone
shed and fix a rope to the pastern as displaced.

shown in the engi-aving, and throw the other end over a beam. Then
while one person pulls the leg upward and forward, another should stand
by the quarters and
push the dislocated
patella inward with
both hands. Feed
well and give the
horse 5 or 6 weeks'
rest, or place him
in a level pasture,
and have him shod,
with a piece of iron
projecting from the
toe, especially if
the toe has been
worn off. Apply
Kendall's Spavin
Cure o V e r th e
stifle, as directed for spavin, to remove the soreness and pain.

SWEENEY. {Atrophy.) This is a wasting away of the muscles of
the shoulder, and is said to be caused by some disease in the foot or leg.

Treatment. Treat any disease found in the foot or leg as directed in
other parts of this book. Apply to the shoulder soft soap with a little
salt added, four or five times a week, and rub well.

THE MANNER OF REPLACING THE PATELLA.

TIIOROUGIIPIN.

TIIOROUGITPIN. An affection accompanying blood spavin, and
generally caused by excessive labor.

St/mpto7)is. A round tumor going through the leg and appearing on
the outside and in front of the joint of the hock. Thoroughi)in is the
same disease as blood spavin, on a more extensive scale, causing the en-
largement to extend through the joint from one side to the other.

Treatment. Same as for blood spavin, which see.

TUMORS are swellings or enlargements of any part of the body.

They vary according to their situation and nature.

Treatment. The treatment varies witli tlifferent horsemen. And we
would say that in some cases it might be best to have them cut out, and
yet there are many otlicr cases wliich can be removed by the use of
Kendall's Spavin Cure, ap]ilied as directed for spavin. We now have
in mind a case of a bo7iy tumor which had been saw^ed off by a surgeon,
but, from some cause, continued to grow ; after it had again reached
quite a large size tlie owner of the horse began to use KendalVs Spavin
Cure, and, after he liad used one or two bottles, told us that tlie tumor
w^as nearly removed, and on examination we found it quite difficult to
detect it.

WATER FARCY is the result of weakness in the old, and of inflam-
matory action in the young. By long continued labor, from twelve to
eighteen hours each day, the horse, already debilitated, is by abuse made
a fit subject for Avater ftirey.

It is the custom of some to
feed largely on Saturday night
and not to visit again until
]\[onday morning, Avhen they
are liable to find tlie animal, so
cruelly treated, with one swol-
len leg. Tlie horse holds the
leg up as seen in the engraving
and will generally be lame. _

He is in too much pain, and is iiS^^^R
too tired, to eat, but will be
very thirsty on account of the
agonies which his cruel treat- the dkiveh's fikst visit on

ment has brought upon him. imonday mornixg.

When water farcy occurs let it be understood that it is because the
horse has been w^orked too long and too hardly and that if the animal
is not better cared for Farcy will be the result.

Ireatment. T.et the w^ork be lighter, the nourishment sufficient and
of better quality, nnd the stable kept clean and w^cll ventilated. Lead the
horse out, two or three times a day, for gentle exercise. As soon as the

S^^p

WIND GALLS.

limb will bear friction let it be well ruhhed with the hands, and this re-
peated often. Bathe with cold water and rub dry. If the lameness and
swelling continue take two parts of alcohol and one of Kendall's Spavin
Cure, mix' and bathe the leg with the mixture, and rub well. Then take
iodide of potassium, one drachm, pulv. gentian, one drachm, pulv. ginger,
one drachm, sulphate of iron, one drachm, linseed meal, two ozs. ; make
into a ball and -give at one dose, repeating every day for several daj^s.
Prepare the above balls as they are wanted each day. because the
iodide of potassium should be kept in a vinl until it is wanted for use.
Always begin the treatment as soon as possible.

WIND GALLS. Soft swellings or enlargements just above the fetlock
joints, which are caused by over- exertion or by sprains. They are of a
similar nature to blood spavin and may be treated in the same way; or
place exactly on the wind galls pieces of cork covered with cloth large
enough to press them down, and wet with Kendall's Spavin Cure, and
keep the corks pressed on the galls by the use of a rubber bandage, only
removing it when the horse is used and when it is necessary to wet
the compress.

Apply only a little of Kendall's Spavin Cure to the compress, and be
careful not to liave it so tight as to cause strangulation of the leg, but
only as tight as can l)e without causing strangulation. Remove the
compress as soon as there are any signs of soreness, and bathe, once or
twice a day, with the Kendall's Spavin Cure, until all soreness has
subsided. Care should be exercised in the use of the compress, or sores
may be produced. (See directions for the treatment of bone spavin.)
WORMS. There are several kmds of worms which infest the horse,

some of which produce a vast
amount of mischief.

TENIA. {Tape Worm.) These
trouble the young mostly-and are
usually caused by starving the-
mare when with foal, and by
breeding from old animals. The
dam and sire should be in perfect

^, , , , . ■ , *i , ^- „ health if a valuable colt is de-

The horse rubs his nose violently against a ^ /^ i ^ • ^

wall when there is inntationfi'om worms, sired. Gentle work IS always

better for the mare than to remain without work.

Symptotm. When tape-worm is present there is checked develop-
ment, large abdomen, large head, long legs, ravenous appetite, un-
healthy coat, tliin body, fetid breath. The colt picks and bites its own
hair, rubs its nose against a wall, or strains it violently upwards.

Treatment. Give spirits of turpentine. For a colt three months old
give from one fourth to one half ounce ; six months old one half to one

40 YELLOW WATERS.

ounce; one year, one to one and a half ounces; two years, one and one
half to two ounces ; four years, three to four ounces. Also procure one
pound of quassia chips and pour three quarts of boiling water on to
them ; then mix a proportional dose of the quassia infusion with the
turpentine, and cause it to blend together by stirring in well, with yolks
of eggs. Add twenty grains of powdered camphor gum and give the
dose the first thing in the morning.

Feed well afterward and.give, every morning until the coat is glossy,
muriated tincture of iron, from one to ten drachms, according to age,
and also Fowler's Solution, from one fourth to three drachms.

LuMBRici. Long, round worms which are sometimes seen eighteen
inches long. They prey upon the weakly, whether old or young.

Treatment. Give one drachm tartar emetic, worked into a ball with
linseed meal and flour, every morning, until the desired eflect is accom-
plished. Or give calomel, three drachms, tartar emetic, one drachm,
mixed and made into three balls, to be given at night, for three nights;
and give, one day after the last ball, a good purging ball.

Pin Worms. This variety of worms inhabits the rectum, and causes
great itching posteriorly, which causes the horse to rub its hair off
against the wall.

Treatment. Most medicines are deprived of their activity because
they do not reach the rectum ; therefore it is best to treat with injections
which will come directly in contact with the parasites. Take one ounce
catechu and a quart of M^ater, and, when dissolved, give as an injection,
and repeat for seven mornings. On the eighth day give a mash; at
night follow with one half oz. aloes, and one drachm of calomel. Re-
peat the above if necessary. Injections of tobacco smoke work well.

YELLOW WATERS. This affection is the result of liver disease
and has derived its name from the characteristic color of the mem-
branes of the eyes, nose and mouth, which have a peculiar yellowness
that is caused by the liver's being diseased, so that its natural functions
are not properly performed, and a large amount of bile is thrown back
into the blood, instead of being carried oft" in its natural way, and only
eliminated partially through the kidneys. It occcurs more often in the
horses which are highiy fed and have nothing to do, than in any others.

Treatment. Give ginger, two drachms, powdered mandrake root, one
drachm, powdered aloes, four drachms; mix, and give at one dose.
Feed the horse with soft feed and grass to loosen the bowels. Repeat
the above dose as often as shall be necessary, which, in most cases, per-
haps, would be about every other day.

DOSES FOR THE HORSE.

NA^iiE OF Drug.

}

Aloes.
Alum.
Auise Seed.
Aqua Ammonia.

Arseuic.

Assafoetida.
Bicarbonate of )
Potash. j

Bismuth.

Black Antimony.

Blue Vitrol.
Calomel.
Camphor.
Cantharides.
Carbolic Acid.
Castor Oil,
Cayenne.
Chlorate of

Potash.
Copperas.
CrotonOil.
Digitalis leaf.
Epsom Salts.
Ether.

Fowler's Solution

Gentian Root.

Ginger.

Glauber-Salts.

Iodide of
Potassium.

Linseed Oil, raw.

Magnesia.

Mercurial Oint-
ment.

Nux Vomica.

Action and Use.

Opium.

Prepared Chalk.
Quinine.
Salti)eti-e.
Soda Bicarb.

Soda Sulphite.

Solution of Lime,

Spirits of Chlo-
roform.

Strychnia.

Sulphur.

Sweet Spirits of
Nitre. i

Tannic Acid.

Laxative and Tonic.

Asti'ingent.

Aromatic and Stomachic.

Stimulant and Antacid.
f Alterative and tonic, used for )
\ Paralysis, Mange, &c. /

Anti-spasmodic, Coughs, &c.
Diuretic and Antacid. Good for
Rheumatism.

For Clu-onic Diarrhoea, &c.

Promotes the Secretions.

Asti-ingent and Tonic.

Cathartic.

Anti-spasmodic.

Diuretic and Stimulant.

Externally and Disinfectant.

Cathartic.

Stimulant and Carminative.
Diuretic. Given for bloating,
&c.

Tonic and Astringent.

Powerful purgative.

Sedative and Diuretic.

Cathartic and febrifuge.

Anti-spasmodic.
Used for skin diseases. See Ar-
senic, a preparation of

Tonic.
Tonic, Stimulant and Stomachic.
Used for flatulent colic, dys-
pepsia, &c.

Cathartic.
Diuretic and Alterative. Used )
for Rheumatism, Dropsy, En- >
larged Glands, &c. )

Cathartic and Nvitritive.

I For colts as an antacid and laxa- )

\ tive. i

I Used for Mange, itch, lice and I

( other parasites. )

Nervous stimulant— used for Pa- )
ralysis. * ' )

( Anodyne and Anti-spasmodic.
^ Given in Colic, Inflammation of
Bowels, Diarrhoea, &c.

Antacid.

Tonic, given during convalescence
Diuretic and Febrifuge.
Sunilar to Bicarb Potash.
Antiseptic and Alterative, used

for blood diseases.
Antacid, used as an antidote to
poisoning by acids.

Anodyne and Anti-spasmodic.

Tonic and Stimulant. Used for
Paralysis.

Alterative and Laxative. Used
for Skin diseases ami Rheuma-
tism.

Dose.

Antidote.

Diuretic and Diaphoretic.
Asti'ingent.

1-2 to 1 oz.

2 to 3 drs.
1-2 to 2 ozs.
1 to 4 drs.

1 to 5 grs.

1 to 3 drs.

3 to 5 drs.

1-2 to 1 oz.

1-4 to 1-2 dr,

1-2 to 1 dr.
10 to 40 grs.
1-2 to 1 dr.
3 to 6 grs.

1-2 to 1 pt.
5 to 25 grs.

1 to 2 drs.
Ktoli^ (Irs.
10 tol5 d'p's
10 to 20 gTS.

2 to 8 ozs.
1-2 to 2 ozs.

1 to 4 drs.

1 to 2 drs.

2 to 5 drs.

i6 to 12 ozs.

1-2 to 1 1-2
drs.

1 to 2 pts.

1-4 to 1 oz.

15 to 25 grs,

1-4 to 1 dr.

1-2 to 1 oz.

15 to .50 grs.
1 to 3 drs.

3 to 8 drs.

1-2 to 1 oz.

4 to 6 ozs.
jl to 2 ozs.
1-2 to 1 gr.

1-2 to 2 ozs.

iXtolK ozs.
120 to 40 grs.

jVinegar.
Magnesia and Oil.

Vinegar and raw
Linseed Oil.

Infus'n of oak bark
Give also lins'd oil.

Eggs, Milk &c.

Eggs and Milk.

Eggs; soap; gruel.

Opium.
Stimulate.

Hydrated peroxide
of iron.

Give freely starch
or flour, with wa-
ter largely.

TVliites of eggs with
milk given freely,
r Saleratus followed
] quickly by cop-
^ peras both dis-
I solved in water.

Belladouua , strong coffee
brandy & ammonia. Dash
cold water on and keep
the horse moving.

Linseed oil largely.
Raw.

Tobj^cco.

DOSES FOR THE HORSE — COXTINUED.

Tnrlnr Emetic.
Tinclinv of Ac

onitc Hoot.
Tincture of Can

thariilcs.
Tincture Kr.t;ot.
Tincture Iodine.

Tincture Iron.

Tr. Nux Vomica.
Tincture Opium.

Wliitc Vitriol.

Sedative and Alterative. 1-8 to 1-2 dr.'Tannic Acid.

Sedative. Used for lung fever &c. 15 to 35 d'p's

Slinuilant and Tonic.

Used for
Pai'alvsis

I'arturieut.
I'^ed externally.

{ Tonic and Astringent.

I ty])lioid diseases.

I Toiiic. Stimulant in

I and Dyspepsia.
Anodyne and Anti-spasmodic.

Astringent. Used for cuts,
Avounds an* sores in solution.

For a colt one month old, give one twenty-fourth of the full dose for an adult horse as

given above ; thi*ee months old, one-twelfth ; six months old, one-sixth ; one year old,

one-third; two years old, one half; tiu-ee years old, tlu'ee-fourths.

1 to 2 ozs.
1 to 2 ozs.

1-2 to 1 oz.

2 to 4 drs.
1 to 2 ozs.

5 to 15 grs.

f Gi\e small doses of Nu?
< vomica and stimulants
( largely' and keep moving.

lants

See Nux Vomica.

See Opium.

Milk, eggs and
flour.

IN MEASURING LIQUIDS

A table spoonful is equal to half an ounce by measure.

A dessert-spoonful is equal to one-fourth ounce, or two drachms.

A tea-spoonful is equal to one drachm.

A tea-cup is estimated to contain about four fluid ounces, or a gill.

A wine glass about two fluid ounces.

The above-named household implements vary in size and capacity, so
that usually it is difficult to measure with them accurately ; yet, for nearly
all medicines, it will be near enough for all practical purposes, except-
ing some tea-cups are now made to hold six or eight ounces, so that if
the medicine to be measured is poison it is well to give smaller doses
if the exact capacity is not known. It is best for those having much
use for measures to procure a glass graduate which will measure
drachms and ounces.

A VEUY FOOLISH MANNER
OF TORTURING HORSES.

A BETTER AND MORE HUMANE WAY OF
TREATING OUR FAITHFUL FRIEND.

THE AGE OF THE HORSE.

THE AGE OF THE HORSE,

Determined by the appearance of the teeth.

m.i

The safest way of cleterminina: the age of a horse is hy the appearance of the teeth,
■which unik'rj;-o certain changes in the course of years. Although it may be impossible
to give any rules which will be found to be exactly correct in every case yet the following
classiticatiou is generally correct; but exceptions will occur, as, for instance, a noble
horse may be taken f.n* ybuuirer than he really is, because the strong structure of all the
bones nia'kes the teeth also stronger than those of a horse of the same age, of an inferior
breed.

Eight to fourteen days after hirth, the first middle nippers of the set of milk teeth are
cut (Fig. 1) ; four to six weeks afterwards, the pair next to them (Fig. -1) ; and finally,
after six or ei-'ht months, the last, (Fig. 3).

All these milk te-eth have a well-defined body and' neck, ami a slender fang, and on
their front surfaces grooves or furrows, which disappear from the middle nippers at the
end of one year; from the next pair in two years; and from the incisive teeth (cutters)
in thi-ee years. ,

Attiieageof two the nippers become loose and fall out; in theirl places appear two
permanent teeth, with deep, black cavities, and full, sliarp edges (Fig. 4).

At the age of three, the next pair (Fig. .5) fall out.

At tour years old, the corner teeth fall out (Fig. 6).

At live vears old, the lior.se has his permanent set of teeth.

The teeth grow in length as the horse advances in years, but at the same time, his teeth
are worn away, by use,"about one-twelfth of an inch every year; so, that the black cav-
ities of the ceiitor" nippers below disappear in the sixth year (Fig. 7) ; those of the next
pair in the seventh year (Fig. 8.) ; and those of the corner teeth, in the eighth year (Fig.
D). Also the outer corner teeth of upper and lower jaw just meet at eight years of age.

At nine years old, cups leave the two center nippers above, and each of the two upper
corner teeth has a little sharp protrusion at the extreme outer corners, (Fig. 10.)

At the age of ten the cups disappear from the adjoining teeth.

At the age of eleven, the cups disappear from the corner teeth above, and are only in-
dicated by lu'ownish spots.

The oval form becomes broader, and changes, from the twelfth to the sixteenth year,
more ami more into a triangular form, and the teeth lose, finally, with the twentieth year,
all regularity. There is nothing remaining in the teeth that can, afterwards, clearly
show the age of the horse, or justify the most experienced examiner in giving a positive
opinion.

The tushes or canine teeth, conical in sliape, with a sharp point, and curved, are cut
between the third anri fourth year; their piunts become more and more rounded, until
the ninth year, and after that,"nioi'e and move dull in the course of years, and lose, final-
ly, all regular shape. Mares have, frequently, no tusks, or only very faintly indicated.

BREEDING.

BREEDING,

This very important subject is too often neglected. A common mis-
take in breeding is ofteH made, that mares are bred from after they
become useless for work, regardless of hereditary diseases which may
be transmitted to their oftspring. It should be remembered that one
of the characteristic laws of life is the reproduction in kind — "like
begets like."

Both parents should be selected with reference to their individual
points of excellence and also so that the points of one may be adapted
to the points of the other, for, although both may be excellent, individu-
ally, the points which cliaracterize one may actually counteract those
of the other; but if defects exist the breeder should be sure that it is
merely accidental and not natural.

None but sound parents should be bred from; (accidents of course are
not to be regarded as unsoundness). Both parents should be free from
any infirmity relative to a vicious temper or bad disposition, although
the points of excellence in one may sometimes counteract the bad points

BREEDING. 45

in the other relative to that defect. Great care should be exercised tliat
the same defect does not exist in both.

Some knowledge of the parentage of the sire and dam is therefore
indispensable.

For ordinary business purposes the best form of a mare to breed from
is a short-legged beast, with a deep and roomy chest, wide hips, and
so built in every way as to indicate a robust animal with a strong con-
stitution. Always avoid, if possible, selecting a mare for breeding
purposes which has ringbone, spavin or any disease that will render the
oflspring liable to be afflicted with the same, by hereditary descent.

The " breed " should be taken into consideration also. If it is desired
to raise a carriage beast select a mare with a good, animated counte-
nance, sprightly, not too nervous nor too sluggish, but with a general
muscular structure. The head of the brood-mare is a point which should
be always regarded, for a mare that has a large head, with a dull, stupid
countenance, will not breed a good foal, unless it might be from a very
sprightly, ambitious horse. The shoulder blade should be wide and
long, extending nearly to the top of the withers, and so well covered
with muscle as not to present any undue prominence.

The neck should come out from the top of the withers and not low-
down ; the fore-leg should be perpendicular so that the point of the
shoulder and the toe will be in a right line; the foot should be sound
and of good, syu) metrical shape.

The hips should be long, oval and broad; the hock joint should be
well formcil and not of the "cow-hock " or "sickle-hock " kind.

In selecting a stallion the rules which we have already given should
be observed, remembering that compactness is quite essential, that
much goodness and strength may be condensed into a small space. The
shoulder should be well back, with the shoulder blade lying obliquely,
except that when it is desired to raise a slow, draught-horse a large
stallion with upright shoulders should be selected.

In summing up the whole matter we would say, if you would be suc-
cessful in breeding do not breed into the same fnmily and blood, but
select a horse of different blood unless it should be eight or ten genera-
tions removed.

Avoid using a horse which is defective in any particular, when the
mare has the same defect, but select one as nearly perfect as possible in
that point. Do not breed small mares with very large horses, for there
should be mutual adaptation in size and form, as we have before stated.

SHOEING.

' With a poor hoof an otherwise
vaUiable horse becomes almost
worthless, so that the common
saying, " no foot, no horse," is
practically correct ; for this reason,
the subject of hoi^se shoeing is one
which should receive much atten-
tion, as it is by poor shoeing that
so many horses are rendered al-
most valueless for life.

For want of space we can only
give some of the more important points which should be observed in
order to preserve the hoof in a natural and healthy condition.

The hoof, in its n.-itural state, is adapted only to a grassy surfjxce; so
that, when we wish to bring the horse into practical use upon our hard
and stony roads, it becomes necessary to protect the hoof, by shoeing,
from the unnatural wear and tear which it is subjected to.

It is greatly to be regretted that so large a share of the men who are
permitted to do this very important work, of shoeing the horse, are so
ignorant of the nature and structure of the foot and the principal rules
which should guide them in doing this very important branch of work.

It is a great fault of nearly all shoers that they cut and pare with the
idea of improving the foot, when their aim should be, mainly, to let
nature have her course as much as possible, or, in other words, to im-
itate the natural condition of the foot and only pare away such parts as
have become useless. The shoe should always be fitted to the foot and
not the foot to the shoe as is too often practised. That part of the hoof
which should not have pressure is the portion between the bar and
the quarter, commonly known as the seat of corns. (For location, see
engraving on lOih page.)

The greatest pressure should be around the outside of the foot, for
about half an inch.

The frog should be allowed to come to the ground, which will pre-
vent, to a certain extent, the concussion which would otherwise "take
place. The frog should not be cid down, as is fr>'quently practised, nor
should it be touched, when healthy, except for the purpose of cleansing

SHOEING. 47

In paring the foot be very careful not to cut down the ontside, so as
to allow the entire weight to rest on the inside of the shoe upon the sole ;
but only cut away the dead portion of horn on the sole, and cut down
the wall from heel to toe nntil the bearing is natural, leaving it even
and as near its natural state as possible. A red hot shoe should not be
allowed to be burned into the foot to fit it.

The shoe to be selected should depend upon the condition of the foot
and the condition of the roads, &c. The flat shoe, wlien properly ap-
plied, leaves the foot nearest its natural shape, by allowing the horse a
good, even foundation to stand upon, and is most likely to give satisfac-
tion for all ordinary purposes. At some seasons of the year it will be
necessary to have calks upon the shoes, but ordinarily the foot should
be allowed to come as near the ground as possible.

What we mean by the flat shoe is one flat upon its superior surface,
which comes in direct contact with the hoof, the under surface being par-
tially concave, so as to assist the horse in grasping the ground, to pre-
vent slipping and to assist in progressmg.

The shoe should be as big as the foot so as not to require any cutting
down the hoof to make it fit the shoe, and the heels of the shoe should
not be permitted to project backwards beyond the heel of the hoof more
than about I of an inch.

The outward margin of the shoe should just correspond with the
shape of the toot, except at the heel, where the shoe should be a little
wider from quarter to heel, especially on the outside.

Many persons are not aware of the thinness of the hoof, which makes
it quite necessary that the nail holes should be near the edge, and quite
well forward in the toe, so as to avoid driving the nails into the quick,
which would cause serious lameness and injury.

Do not rasp under the nail clinches, nor over them; and do not use
the rasp at all on the outside of the hoof, not even below the clinches,
except just enough near the shoe to round the edge, and do not cut down
the hoof if j'ou have used a shoe which is too small.

A nail for a horse's foot differs materially from every other kind of
nail, not only in shape, but in the quality of iron from which it should
be made; it is important that it should be made from thr? very best of
iron, free from flaws, seams, liability to sliver, and all sulphurous gases
in the process of manufacture. It is presumed that every sheer knows'
that a nail forged hot, from the end of a rod, needs no argument to con-
vince any one that a belter nail is thus obtained than by punching,
rolling and shearing them from a cold plate. The numerous and well-
authenticated cases where valuable horses have be(;n ruined by using
cold rolled nails are enough to deter any first-class shot r from driving any-
thing but a Hot Forged nail, even if their cost should be double that of

SHOEING.

the cold rolled nail, because no shoer can take the risk of injuring his
customer's horse.

Use only the very best of nails ; drive as small and few nails as will
hold the shoe firmly and securely to its place. See that the nails fill the
holes and the heads the crease, leaving little, if any, to project beyond
the ground surfiice when finished, thus preventing the clinch from ris-
ing when brought in contact with stones, and saving the injuring of the
ankle.

This drawing is made from a nail
such as are used in Oriental countries,
for attaching shoes to their horses
feet and have been employed since
the 15th century.

This is an ordinary hand-made

nail made from the rod when at a

welding heat and still in use in

England and Europe, and also in

the United States, until the introduction of the Putnam Hot Forged,

Nails which were the
first successfully in-

troduced Hot Forged
machine nails, and this drawing shows the similarity of manufacture to
that of the hand make, and when in a finished condition it is identical

with those of hand-make

when ready for use, and

has no equal in the long

•list of machine made nails.

This drawing is a cross
section of iron from which
the cold punched and
sheared nails are made by
forcing a blank therefrom
by means of a punch which gives a blank similar to No. 1. No. 2 the
same as No. 1 but made liot instead of cold. These blanks are put

through a series of rollers and
drawn into the form of No. 3,
with an indentation on the thin
end for the scarfed points, which conduct the nail out of the hoof.

No. 4 represents the piece
which is removed by shearing

the blade of No. 3, and pro-
duces th« nail No. 5, complete. All are aware, that the rolling of iron

SHOEING.

irvuiy>*^_^^

cold produces what
is termed lamina-
tion, causing the iron
to separate in layers as shown in Fig. 1 a. But as the compression of

shearing holds the edges together, it

does not show itself until driven into

the hoof, when the
horny fibres cause them
to separate while being

driven, and one portion i s
forced i?iio the foot and the oth-
er otit through the wall of the
hoof, thus causing lameness,
lockjaw and death as has
been frequently the case

since the introduction of cold rolled nails, which the records of state
courts, as well as the testimony of celebrated horse owners, abundantly
show.

This drawing was taken from

a hoof to show the result of a

cold rolled and sheared pointed

nail which produced the death

^ of a valuable animal and for

. V- F ^ ^J^VJm\^^i£4 which carelessness the owner

received no remuneration.

50 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS.

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS,

For Colic.

{See treatment of Colic.)
No. 1. Take of laudanum, 1 ounce, spirits of turpentine, \h ounces;
mix, and give at one dose, in three times the amount of warm water.

No. 2. Sulphuric ether, \h ounces, laudanum, 1 ounce, essence
peppermint, 2 ounces, water, 16 ounces; mix, and shake well before
giving. -^

For Heaves.
{See Treatment of Heaves.')
No. 1. One teaspoonful of lobelia, given in the feed, once a day, for a
week, and then once or twice a week, will stop them for a time.

No. 2. Balsam copaiba, 1 ounce, spirits of turpentine, 2 ounces, bal-
sam fir, 1 ounce, cider vinegar, 16 ounces ; mix, and give a tablespoon-

ful once a day.
No. 3. Saltpetre, 1 ounce, indigo, h ounce, rain water, four pints;

mix, and give a pint a day.

No. 4. Liquorice, elecampane, wild turnip, fenugreek, skunk-cab-
bage, lobelia, cayenne, and ginger, equal parts of each ; mix, and give
a tablespoonful once or twice a day ; if the horse refuses to eat it in
feed, make it into a ball and give.

Contracted Hoof or Sore Feet.

No. 1. Take equal parts of soft fat, yellow w^ax, linseed oil, Venice
turpentine, and Norway tar ; first melt the wax, then add the others,
mixing tlioroughly. Apply to the edge of the hair once a day.

No. 2. Benzine, 1 ounce, salts of nitre, 1 ounce, alcohol, 3 ounces,
aqua ammonia, 2 ounces, Venice turpentine, 8 ounces. IVIix, apply to
the edge of the hair, and all over the hoof, once a day, for ten days, then
twice a week for a short time.

No. 3. Rosin, 4 ounces, lard, 8 ounces; heat them over a slow fire,
then take oft' and add, powdered verdigris 1 ounce, and stir well to pre-
vent its running over; when partly cool add 2 ounces spirits of turpen-
tine. Apply to the hoof about one inch down from the hair.

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 51

Horse Liniments.

No. 1. Oil spike, oil origanum, oil hemlock, oil wormwood, aqua
ammonia, camphor gum, of each 2 ounces; olive oil, 4 ounces, alcohol,
one quart. Mix. This is an excellent liniment for man or beast.

No. 2. Oil origanum, oil amber, sweet oil, of each one ounce; oil
spike, aqua ammonia, and oil of turpentine, of each two ounces. Mix.

No. 3. Linseed oil, 8 ounces, turpentine, 8 ounces, oil origanum, 4
ounces. Mix well. This is excellent for sprains and bruises, and is
good as a general liniment.

No. 4. Oil spike, 1 ounce, oil origanum, 2 ounces, alcohol, 16 ounces.
Good for lameness resulting from almost any cause.

No. 5 Take equal parts of alcohol, chloroform, aqua ammonia,
Jamaica rum and water, and mix.

For Scratches and Grease Heel. **

No 1. Balsam fir, 4 ounces, lard, 4 ounces. Stir, with a gentle heat,
until thoroughly mixed. Wash the sores well with castile soap and
apply.

No. 2. Sugar of lead, 2 ounces, borax, 1 ounce, sweet oil, 6 ounces;
mix. and apply twice daily, after washing with castile soap, and drying.

No. 3. Tincture of myrrh, 2 ounces, glycerine, 4 ounces, tincture of
arnica, 2 ounces. Mix thoroughly and apply two or three times a day,
after cleansing, as above, with castile soap.

No. 4. Take ^ ounce, of powdered verdigris and one pint of rum, or
proof spirits. Mix, and apply once or twice a day. This works nicely
for grease heel or mud fever.

No. 5. Take of oxide of zinc, 1 drachm, lard, 1 ounce, powdered

gum benzoin, ten grains, camphorated spirits, one drachm. Mix

thoroughly and rub on twice a week. Do not wash after the first

application.

Cuts, "Wounds and Sores.

No. 1. Take of lard 4 ounces, beeswax, 4 ounces, rosin, 2 ounces,
carbolic acid, i ounce. Mix the three first and melt, then add the
carbolic acid, stirring until cool. This is excellent for man, as well as
beast.

No. 2. Tincture aloes, 1 ounce, tincture mj'rrh, i ounce, tincture
opium, ^ ounce, water, four ounces, mix, and apply night and morning.

No. 3. Tincture opium, 2 ounces, tannin, i ounce. ]\Iix.

No. 4. Carbolic acid, 1 ounce, soft water, 1 quart. Mix.

Sweeney.

No. 1. i^anish flies, camphor giun, and cayenne, of each 1 ounce,
alcohol, 10 ounces, spirits turpentine, 6 ounces, oil origanum, 2 ounces.
Mix.

52 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS.

No. 2. Alcohol, 16 ounces, spirits turpentine, 10 ounces, muriate of
ammonia, 1 ounce. Mix.

No. 3. Alcohol, water, spirits of turpentine and soft soap, of each,
1 pint; salt, 6 ounces. Mix.

Poll evil and Fistula.

No. 1. Copperas, 1 drachm, blue vitriol, 2 drachms, common salt, 2
drachms, white vitriol, 1 drachm, mix, and powder fine. Fill a goose-
quill with the powder, and push it to the bottom of the pipe, having a
stick in the top of the quill, so that you can push the powder out of the
quill, leaving it at the bottom of the pipe; repeat again in about four
days, and in two or three days from that time you can take hold of the
pipe and remove it, without trouble.

No. 2. Tincture of opium 1 drachm, potash, 2 drachms, water, 1
ounce ; mix, and when dissolved inject into the pipes with a small syringe,
having cleansed the sore with soap-suds ; repeat every two days until
the pipes are completely destroyed.

No. 3. Take a small piece of lunar caustic, place in the pipe, after
being cleansed with soap suds, then fill the hole with sweet oil.

Bots.

Take new milk, 2 quarts, syrup, 1 quart; mix, and give the whole, and,
in fifteen or twenty minutes after, give 2 quarts of warm, strong sage
tea; half an hour after the tea, give 1 quart of raw linseed oil, or if
the oil cannot be had give lard*instead.

Ointment for Horses.

Bees-wax, 2 ounces, rosin, 3 ounces, lard, 4 ounces, carbolic acid, 1
drachm, honey, i ounce, melt all together and bring slowly to a boil,
then remove from the fire, and add slowly, 1 gillof spirits of turpentine,
stirring all the time until cool ; used with good success for galls, cracked
heels, flesh wounds or bruises.

Condition Powders.

No. 1. Gentian, fenugreek, sulphur, saltpetre, cream of tartar, of
each two ounces; resin, black antimony, of each 1 ounce; ginger, liquor-
ice, 3 ounces each; cayenne, I ounce, pulverized and mixed thoroughly;
dose: 1 tablespoonful, once or twice a day, mixed with the feed; used
with good success for coughs, colds, distemper, hide bound, and nearly
all diseases for which Condition Powders are given.

No. 2. Fenugreek, 4 ounces, ginger, 6 ounces, anise, pulverized, 4
ounces, gentian, 2 ounces, black antimony, 2 ounces, hard wood ashes,
4 ounces; mix all together; excellent to give a horse an appetite.

No. 3. Liquorice, 4 ounces, fenugreek, 4 ounces, elecampane, 4
ounces blood root, 1 ounce, tartar emetic, h ounce, ginger and cayenne,

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 53

each, 1 ounce; mix, and give a tablespoonful 2 or three times a rlaj' in
the feed. One of the best condition powders for luiy cough, cold, dis-
temper or epizootic : also excellent for heaves. For heaves, 1 ounce of
lobelia and camj^hor may be added.

Liniments for Horses.

No. 1. Olive oil, 2 ounces, aqua ammonia, 1 ounce, mix; and add 2
ounces oil origanum, 2 ounces, spirits of turpentine, i ounce, oil of
worm-wood, strongest alcohol, 1 pint. This liniment is excellent for
any lameness, also good for spavins, ringbones, curbs, etc., if used
when they make the first appearance.

Xo. 2. Oil of spike, 1 ounce, oil of origanum, 4 ounces, aqua am-
monia, 2 ounces, tincture of cayenne pepper, 4 ounces, beefs gall, one
gill, camphor gum, 1 ounce, alcohol, 1 pint; mix; used for the same
purposes as Xo. 1.

Xo. 3. Best vinegar, 1 quart, saltpetre, pulverized, 4 ounces, worm-
wood, 4 ounces; mix, and steep in a dish well covered; strain and press
the herbs; valuable for bruises, swellings and sprains.

Saddle and Harness Galls, Bruises, &e..

Xo. 1. Tincture of opium, 2 ounces, tannin, 2 drachms; mix, and
apply twice a day.

Xo. 2. Take white lead and linseed oil, and mix as for paint, and
apply two or three times a day ; this is good for scratches, or any wounds
on a horse.

Eyewater for Horses.

Sugar of lead, 1 drachm, tincture of opium, 2 drachms, soft water, 1
pint; mix, and wash the eye two or three times a day.

Founder.

Xo. 1. Vinegar, 3 pints, cayenne pepper, i drachm, tincture of
aconite root, 15 drops; mix, and boil down to 1 quart; when cool, give
it as a drench ; blanket the horse well ; after the horse has perspired for
an hour or more, give one quart of raw linseed oil ; this treatment will
be found good for horses foundered by eating too much grain.

Xo. 2. Some recommend for liorses foundered on gram, to bleed
about 1 gallon, then to drench the horse with 1 quart of raw linseed oil ;
after this to rub the fore legs well, and for a long time, with very warm
water, having a little tincture of opium mixed with it. As the horse
will not recover from loss of blood for a long time it is usually better to
adopt the treatment given in Xo. 1.

54 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS.

Anodyne Drenches.

No. 1. Tincture of opium, 1 ounce, stnrch gruel, 1 quart; mix.

No. 2. Sweet spirits of nitre, 1 ounce, tincture of opium, 1 ounce,
essence of peppermint, i ounce, water 1 pint; mix.

No. 3. Tincture of opium, 1 ounce, spirits of camphor, i ounce, anise,
i ounce, sulphuric ether, 1 ounce, water, 1 pint; mix.

Diabetes.

Sugar of lead, 10 grains, alum, 30 grains, catechu, 1 drachm, tincture
of opium, i ounce, water, 1 pint; mix.

Farcy and Glanders.

No. 1. Iodide of potassium, Ij drachms, copperas, ^ drachm, ginger,
1 drachm, gentian, 2 drachms, powdered gum arable and syrup to form
a ball.

No. 2. Calomel, ^ drachm, turpentine, ^ ounce, blue vitriol, 1 drachm,
gum arable and syrup, to form a ball.

No. 3. i ounce sulphite of soda, 5 grains Spanish flies, powdered;
mix, and give at night in cut feed for several weeks ; give at the same
time, every morning and noon, 3 drachms powdered gentian, 2 drachms
powdered blue vitrol; give the medicines for a long time; feed well.
This is the best^ treatment that can be given for this disease.

Fever Balls.

No. 1. Saltpetre, 2^ drachms, tartar emetic, i drachm, flaxseed
meal, 1 ounce, camphor, ^ drachm, ginger, 2 drachms; mix, and form
into a ball ; repeat three or four times a day if necessary.

No. 2. Tincture of aconite, ten drops, tartar emetic, i drachm, salt-
petre, 1 drachm, ginger, 2 drachms, linseed meal, 1 ounce; mix, and
form into a ball ; repeat three or four times a day if necessary.

Diuretic and Tonic Balls.

Copperas, Ih drachm, ginger, 1 drachm, gentian, 1 drachm, saltpetre,
3 drachms, rosin, k ounce, flaxseed meal, 1 ounce; mix, and form into
a baU.

Diuretic Balls.

No. 1. Saltpetre, 3 drachms, rosin, 4 drachms, castile soap, 2
drachms, fenugreek, 3 drachms, flaxseed meal, 1 ounce; mix, and, form
into a ball.

No. 2. Oil of juniper, ^ drachm, rosin and saltpetre, each, 2 drachms,
camphor, t drachm, castile, soap, 1 ounce, flaxseed meal, 1 ounce ; mix,
and form into a ball.

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS.

This engkaving illustrates the folly of a heavy man's

RIDING A COLT HARD ALL DAY. Be MERCIFUL TO YOUR BEAST.

Cordial Balls.
No. 1. Anise, powdered, h ounce, ginger, 1 drachm, gentian, 1
drachm, fenugreek, 2 drachms ; mix.

No. 2. Caraway and ginger, each, 2 drachms, anise, gentian and
fenugreek, each, 1 ounce; mix.

No. 3. Camphor, 1 drachm, anise, 3 drachms, tincture of opium,
I ounce, powdered extract of liquorice, 3 drachms, flaxseed meal, 1
ounce; mix.

Astringent and Cordial,

No. 1. Opium, 12 grains, camphor, i drachm, catechu, 1 drachm;
mix.

No. 2. Opium, 10 grains, camphor, 1 drachm, ginger, 2 drachms,
castile soap, 2 drachms, anise, 3 drachms, liquorice, 2 drachms ; mix.

Alternative and Laxative Balls.

No. 1. Linseed meal, 1 ounce, aloes, h ounce, castile soap, h ounce;
mix.

No. 2. Ginger, 1 drachm, castile soap, 2 drachms, Barbadoes aloes
pulverized, 6 drachms, flaxseed meal, 1 ounce.

56 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS.

Tonic Ball.

Ginger, 2 drachms, genti.an, 1 drachm, Peruvian bark, i ounce, fenu-
greek, i ounce; mix, and form a ball.

Diuretics.

Take of balsam copaiba, 2 ounces, sweet spirits of nitro, 3 ounces,
spirits of turpentine, 2 ounces, oil of juniper, 2 ounces, tincture of cam-
phor, 2 ounces; mix; shake the bottle before pouring the medicine; dose
for adult horse, two tablespoonfuls. in a pint of milk, repeated every four
to six hours, if necessary. This is a reliable preparation for kidney
difficulties.

Cough Mixtures.

No. 1. Oil of tar, given as directed for treatment of heaves, is one
of the best remedies for nearly all coughs.

No. 2. Take of alcohol, ^ pint, balsam of iir, 2 ounces; mix well,
and add all the tar it will cut. Shake well before using. Dose from
one to two teaspoonfuls two or three times a day.

Farcy.

Nitrate of potash, 4 ounces, black antimony, 2 ounces, sulphite of
soda, 1 ounce, elecampane, 2 ounces; mix ; dose, one tablespoonful,
once or twice a day.

ITasal Gleet.

No. 1. Copperas, 2 ounces, pulverized gentian, 3 ounces, elecampane,
1 ounce, linseed meal, 3 ounces ; mix, and give from i to 1 tablespoon-
full, twice a day.

No. 2. Aloes, 6 ounces, pulverized nux vomica, 3 draclims, flaxseed
meal, 4 ounces, make into eight poAvders and give one or two eacli day.

Cracked Heels.

Tar, 8 ounces, beeswax, 1 ounce, rosin, 1 ounce, alum, 1 ounce, tallow,
1 ounce, sulphate of iron, 1 ounce, carbolic acid 1 drachm ; mix, and
boil over a slow fire. Skim olf the filth, and add 2 ounces of the scrap-
ings of sweet elder.

Thrush.

No. I. Wash the feet well, with castile soap and water, and sprinkle
a small quantitj'^ of pulverized blue vitriol in the cleft, and then fill up
all the cavities with cotton and press it in so as to keep out all dirt,
and repeat as often as necessary until the cure is complete.

No. 2. Blue vitriol and copperas, of each one ounce, burnt alum, 2
ounces, white vitriol, i ounce ; mix.

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 57

Water Farcy.

No. 1. Saltpetre, 2 ounces, copperas, 2 ounces, ginger, 1 ounce, fenu-
greek, 2 ounces, anise, h ounce, gentian, 1 ounce; mix and divide into
eight powders; give two or three each day.

Xo. 2. Gentian, 1 ounce, ginger, J ounce, anise, 1 ounce, elecampane,
2 ounces, blue vitriol, 1 ounce, flaxseed meal, 2 ounces, saltpetre, 2
ounces ; mix, and divide into eight powders. Moderate daily exercise
and rubbing the limbs are useful.

Healing Preparations.

No. 1. Carbolic acid, 1 ounce, soft water, 2 pints; mix.

Xo. 2. White vitriol, 1 ounce, soft water, 2 pints ; mix.

No. 3. Pulverized camphor, 1 drachm, prepared chalk, 6 drachms,
burnt alum, 4 drachms; mix. Sprinkle over the sore.

No. 4. Tincture of opium, 1 ounce, tannin, 1 drachm; mix and shake
well before using. Excellent for galls of collar, saddle, or in fact for
any purpose requiring a healing astringent.

For Galled Back or Shoulders.
Tincture of arnica, 1 ounce, vinegar, 6 ounces, brandy, 4 ounces, sal-
ammoniac, 2 ounces, soft water, 1 pint ; mix, and bathe with it often.

For Unhealtliy Ulcers.

Nitric acid, 1 ounce, blue vitriol, 3 ounces, soft water, fifteen ounces.

For Fresh Wounds.

Copperas, 2 drachms, white vitriol, 3 drachms, gunpowder, 2 drachms,
boiling soft water, 2 quarts ; mix ; when cool it is ready for use.

Healing Mixture.

Cosmoline, 5 ounces, carbolic acid, 1 drachm; mix. This is one of
the very best of mixtures for any sore, especially for such cases as are
inclined not to heal readil3^

To Cure Mange.

Oil Tar, 1 ounce, lac sulphur, 1^ ounces, whale oil, 2 ounces ; mix.
Rub a little on the skin wherever the disease appears, and continue,
daily, for a week, and then wash off with castile soap and warm water.

Healing Mixture for Cuts.

Balsam copaiba, 2 ounces, tincture of myrrh, 3 ounces; mix. This is
a good healing mixture.

68 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS.

Sore Lips.

The lips become sore frequently at the angles of the mouth, from
bruising with the bit. They can be cured by applying the following
mixture.

Tincture of myrrh, 2 ounces, tincture of aloes, 1 ounce, and tincture
of opium, i ounce; mix, and apply three or four times a day.

For Sore Mouth and Lips.

Borax, 1 ounce. Tannin, ^ ounce. Glycerine, 8 ounces ; mix, and ap-
ply, two or three times a day, with a swab.

For Sprains, &c.

Hog's lard and spirits of turpentine ; mix, and place in the hot sun-
shine for four or five days. Apply four or five times a week.

Eyewater.

White vitriol and saltpetre, of each one scruple, pure soft water, 8
ounces ; mix. This should be applied to the inflamed lids 3 or 4 times a
day, and if the inflammation does not lessen in 1 or 2 days it may be
injected directly into the eye.

The writer has used this for his own eyes, reduced half with water
and dropped directly into the eye, which would cause the eye to smart
considerably for about five minutes, when he would bathe the eye with
cold water for a few minutes, and, by repeating this 3 or 4 times a day,
it has given the very best of satisfaction.'

It does nicely many times to just close the eye and bathe the outside
freely.

For Poll Evil, Fistula, or any Indolent Ulcer.

Fill the sore to the bottom with ashes from burnt corn cobs ; repeat
two or three times if necessary, or until a cure is efiected.

For Colic.

Take of gum myrrh, 1 ounce, gum camphor, 1 ounce, powdered gum
guaiac, I ounce, cayenne, I ounce, sassafras bark powdered, 1 ounce,
spirits turpentine, 1 ounce, oil origanum, i ounce, oil hemlock, ^ ounce,
pulverized opium, i ounce, strongest alcohol, 2 quarts; mix all together
and shake often for eight or ten days and filter or strain through flan-
nel. Dose from 1 to 3 tablespoonfuls, according to the severity of the
case; give in a pint of milk.

We never have known the above remedy to fail of giving relief when
given for colic, in horses. In many cases where it has been used it has

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 69

given immediate relief even thoiigti various other remedies had failed
of giving any relief.

It makes one of the very best of Pain Killers for family use, and we
advise all to keep it on hand.

For Flesh Wounds.

To prevent inflammation or tendency to sloughing or mortification,
take 1 pound saltpetre, 2 gallons water, 3 pints proof spirits; mix, and
inject into the wound with a sj-ringe three times a day until it heals. In
treating deep wounds or those of a dangerous character, especially if
the animal is inclined to be fat, give a dose of physic, feed bran, carrots,
&c. No grain should be fed and grass is more desirable than hay. If
grass is fed freely physic is not necessary.

For Removing Enlargements, &o.

Oil spike, 1 ounce, camphor, 1 ounce, oil origanum, 2 ounces, oil
amber, 1 ounce, spirits turpentine, 2 ounces. Rub on the mixture
thoroughly, two or three times a week.

For Bruises, Cuts, &c., on Horse or Man.

Tincture arnica, 1 ounce, sassafras oil, h ounce, laudanum, 1 ounce ;
mix. Shake well before using. Bandage lightly, and keep wet with
the mixture.

Quarter Crack.

The best way to cure quarter crack is to open the heel on that side
between bar and frog, cutting down pretty well, (not sufficient to cause
bleeding,) until the quarter will give freely ; then put on a shoe that
will expand the heel. It is also necessary in this ease that the inner
heel should be opened or spread, as the hoof is simply too small for the
foot; if this is properly done the point is directly reached. Some
recommend, in addition to this, burning with a hot iron a crease
across at the upper edge of hoof. If this is done properly the hoof will
not split any more. The hoof may now be more rapidly grown if de-
sired. Opening the foot and the shoe is the point of success.

Quittor.

Corrosive sublimate, i ounce, muriatic acid 20 drops, soft water, 2
ounces ; m.ix the two hist and shake well, then add the tirst.

Inject a little with a glass syringe one or two times, being careful to
inject to the bottom. Warm poultices, used for several days, generally
work well.

GO MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS.

To Grow Hair.

;Mix sweet oil, 1 pint, sulpiiur, 3 ounces. Shake well, and rub well
into the dock twice a week.

"• For Worms.

Calomel, 1 drachm, tartar emetic, ^ drachm, linseed meal, 1 ounce,
fenugreek, 1 ounce. Mix and give in feed at night, and repeat the dose
for two or three times, and follow with U pints of raw linseed oil, about
6 hours after the last powder has been given.

Grease Heal.

Chloride of zinc, U drachms, water, 10 ounces, glycerine, 8 ounces;
mix. If there is much discharge, appl3' a poultice for several hours,
followed by application of tlie above, after cleansing well with soft
water and castile sonp. TJie following powders sliould be given at the
same time in the feed, evei-y nii^lit, for a week or two. Bicarbonate of
soda, 1 ounce, arsenic, 1 drachm, iodide of iron, ^ ounce, fenugreek, 2
ounces, ginger, 2 ounces, elecampane, 1 ounce; mix thoroughly and
divide mto 12 powders.

For Distemper.

Hops, 2 ounces, carbolic acid 30 drops, boiling water, 2 gallons. Mix
the hops and carbolic acid with tlie boiling water and compel the animal
to inhale the steam for 15 or 20 minutes at a time, and repeat three
times a day. Apply a strong mustard paste to the throat, and place a
Avarm poultice over the paste. Feed warm mashes and boiled vegeta-
bles; keep the stable comfortably warm and the air pure. Give the
following powders once a day. Powdered Peruvian bark, 2 ounces,
powdered gentian, 1 ounce, powdered copperas, 1 ounce; mix, and di-
vided into 8 powalers.

Thrush.

Take white vitriol, 2 ounces, soft water, 8 ounces. Mix, and apply
to the diseased sur^ice, after the ragged parts have been cut away
and thoroughly cleansed. Pack the cavities with cotton batting, so as
to keep out all dirt.

For Bingworm.

Apply mercurial ointment 3 or 4 times a week.

For Brittle and. Contracted Hoofs. .

Take of castor oil, Barbadoes tar and soft soap, equal parts of each;
melt all together and stir while cooling, and apply a little to the hoof 3
or 4 times a week.

TO HORSE OWNERS.

All mnst admit that we live in an age of improvements; and that we
enjoy what our forefathers never even dreamed of— in the fast and easy
transportation, rapid comrannication from continent to continent, and
the use of the hundreds of labor saving machines; and yet before or
even when these great discoveries were first made known to the public
how many there were (like Thomas) who doubted : but " time will
prove all things," and so it has been with all these inventions which
were once said to be impossibilities, for now we know them to be of
the great value which their originators claimed for them.

In the year 1875 it was claimed by the publisher of this book, that he
had discovered a combination of remedies which would cure bone
spavins and remove the enlargement v/ithout blistering or causing any
sore. Like all other discoveries this too was scouted at when first an-
nounced to the public, and, as might naturally have been expected, by

G2 TO HORSE OWNERS.

tliose who know most about the usual manner of treating this diffi-
culty, and by those who had tried faithfully everything they could learn
of ever being used, but only meeting Avith dissappointment with each
trial of the vaunted remedy. This class (being horsemen) knew that a
bone spavin made an otherwise valuable horse of but little worth, for
they knew how frequently the most powerful remedies had been used,
such as blisters, which were so powerful as to destroy the tissues, and
also the red hot iron, which was worse if possible, and still the horse
left as bad or ivorse than before anything had l)een used — therefore after
so many disappointments of this kind it would be very natural for men
having such an experience to say it Avas impossible to cure a spavin and
remove the bunch, and to do it with a remedy so mild as not to blister
But, as we said before, time will prove all things, and so it has been
with Kendairs Spavin Cure, and those who were the first to condemn it
are now the loudest in its praise; (I mean tliose who were horse^nen,
and who knew that if a cure was to be accomplished there was some-
thing needed more than to simply make a few liasty and perhaps faulty
applications, and therefore would use the Spavin Cure with patience,
according to directions.)

The time was, in the practice of medicine, when about every patient
was subjected to tlie rash treatment of bleeding and salivation from the
indiscriminate use of calomel, but time has proved these plans of treat-
ment to be more fruitful of damage than otherwise, so they have
become among the things of the past. A similar reform is now taking
place in the treatment of the horse, the most useful animal ever created ;
and horsemen are beginnii>g to learn that a horse needs more humane
treatment than he has received in the past, and the cases are vei^y rai'e
which require the powerful remedies that have been in use; and I think
we can safely say that those cases never occur which require the use of
the red hot iron, and the men are very few that would allow this bar-
barous treatment to be practised upon their own person ; and we ask
why any man should allow the noble animal to be subjected to any treat-
ment that he would not submit to upon his own person? Could the
horse, like Balaam's animal, be for a moment endowed with the power of
speech, he would say — do not subject me to any treatment Avhich you
consider too cruel for yourself; for we, like you, have been created with
nerves of sensibility, so that pain is as hard for us to endure as for you,
and therefore we ask that you will always have mercy upon us, (as a
merciful man should do) and consider, before treating us, (or neglecting
to do so,) whether it is doing Just as you would be done by.

It might be of interest to some for us to state here how^ Kendall's
Spavin Cure happened to be discovered.

TO HORSE OWNERS. 63

Our Expekience with Bone Spavin".

The proprietor having a horse which he prized, for her goodness and
gentleness, and which in some way became spavined, was under the
necessity of resorting to the popular remedies in use at that time, for
the treatment of the spavin; after a few weeks' treatment the outlook
seemed to be rather discouraging ; but as we had had experience as a
practising physician, and also the benefits of all the receipts which were
said to be cures — having been in the drug business for several years, and
filled the receipts from the various liorsemen in onr vicinity — we felt
that our experience had been such that we were certainly equal to the
task, if any one was, and so we continued, first with this liniment, and
then with the other, until we had gone tiu-ough with th(; whole cata-
logue of the (so called) '* stire curcs.''^ We took counsel of the various
horsemen who were quite sure their receipts would be just the thing,
but when informed that all this and more too had been used we received
but little consolation. As the horse was no better, and several weeks
had elapsed since we began the treatment, our fiiith in th« power of any
remedy to even stop the lameness (say nothing of removing the enlarge-
ment) was very weak ; but still we were finally persuaded that a thorough
use of blisters might cure and it was our only hope, and we therefore
proceeded to torment the poor animal by applying blisters about every
two weeks and givmg the horse rest until six blisters had been* applied,
during which time the horse was allowed to remain (nearly all summer)-
in the barn, and as the horse was no better, that we could perceive, it
will be easy for any one to imagine our feelings in regard to the power
of aiiy remedy to cure bone spavin, and then we, like many others were
very positive in our opinion that there was nothing which would cure a
bone spavin, and finally stopped all treatment.

About six weeks after we had stopped all treatment, we decided to give
the case another trial, for it seemed to us that there was something that
would effect a cure if we could only get the right- thing. Instead of
using the remedies w^hich every body said were sure cures, we began to
reason about the matter, and it occurred to us that if we had been treat-
ing a human being we should have treated him in a more humane
manner, and therefore we compounded a mixture which was entirely
diff"erent from anything we had ever heard of being used, and again be-
gan to treat the horse, and, to our great surprise, in a short time, (about
two weeks), the lameness all sul^sided ; and, by continuing the treat-
ment a while afba* the lameness had subsided, the enlargement was en-
tirely removed. I could hardly realize what a wonderful cure had
finally been accomplished, but, after preparing the same mixture for a
great many cases, without hearing of its failing to cure in a single

64 " TO HORSE OWNERS.

case, I was tlion fully satisfied of the gi'eat worth of this remedy to horse
owners, and began to put it up for tlie public; and since that time the
cures which it has eilccted have been almost innumerable, and now
those who are most capable of judging of its merits pronounce it to be
the best remedy for the purposes for which it is prepared that tliey have
ever known to be used.

We therefore ofier the KcndalVs Spavin Cure to the public witli per-
fect confidence, believing that in nearly if not every case in which a
man might reasoiiably expect a cm-e, if he uses the Spavin Cure thor-
oughly and patiently, according to the directions, he will eiTect a euro.
By the words " thoroughly and patiently " used above we mean to use as
directed on bottle, by rubbing down to the skin iveil, as what remains on
the hair has no effect, and by applying over the size of the whole of the
enlargement ; but there is no good reason for applying all over the leg be-
cause one desu-es to be thorough and cover the whole of the bunch, for
what is applied to the space outside of the enlargement is only wasted —
but we frequently find parties who apply it almost indiscriminately to
the whole of the hock joint, when a space the size of a cent, perhaps,
would be all that was necessary, and therefore the bottle of Spavin Cure
is used, or rather wasted, m a very few days, and the man finds his horse
no better, and drops the use of the Cure, and perhaps condemns it, when
he has Hot given it the slightest fair chance to effect a cure; By the
.word "patiently'" we would be understood to mean, to apply it accord-
ing to directions, for a long time, if necessary for no difficulty of so
serious a nature as Spavin is, can be removed by any remedy in only a
few days ; and if any man would stop to consider he might know that
it would be impossible. We might occupy many pages in relating our
experience and in giving full directions for the use of Kendall's Spavin
Cure, but will not add more here except to say iise good common sense
in applying it, and in the use of the horse.

Please look over the following testimonials, many of which are from
tlie most prominent gentlemen, and horse owners, in the country. Also
see treatment given for bone spavin, &c.

TESTIMONIALS. 65

What some of our Agents say of it-

Any one doubting the genuineness of any of tlie following recommendations is ear-
nestly requested to cori'espoud with the parties themselves, and if a three cent stamp is
enclosed it will be quite sure to bring a reply.

Office of C. M. Moseman & Bro., Manufacturers of and Dealers in Harness, Horse
Clothing, &c.

1-2S Chambers St., Xew York City, Jan. 22d, 1878.

Dr. B. J. KENT3ALL.— Dear Sir:— We take great pleasure in stating to you that the sale
of your Kendall's Spavin Cure has been, without exception, the most satisfactory of any
horse liniment we have ever kept in our stock. We have sold it to many of the best
horse men m our city and they all tell us freelj" that it does the work to their entire sat-
isfaction. Capt. Rynders, owner of "Aberdeen," told us to-day it was worth §5. per
bottle, and if it coiild not be got for less he would give it. Trusting that every horse
owner will lind out the good qualities, we are Yours Truly,

C. M. M0SE:\LVN & BRO.
Later from the same firm.

New York, Dec. 24th, 1879.

B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents :— You will please send us 6 dozen of your Spavin Cure
and 1 dozen Blister as we are about out. This makes, we think, our last order for this year,
and if the demand improves next year as fast as it has this, we think it will out-sell any
Horse liniment (for which a practical cure is sure to follow) ever introduced in this
market. We have not heard the first complaint of its not doing what is claimed for it
out of the many thousand bottles we have sold. We are perfectly satisfied that there
never was anything made to equal it nor can there be any thing to take its place, as it
removes the trouble and no remedy can do more. Yours &c.,

C. M. MOSEMAX & BRO.

COXCORD, N. H. January 2nd, 1880.
B. J. Kentjall & Co.— Gentlemen :— We have a beautiful roan mare that was given
to us on account of a spavin on her leg, which made her dead lame. We took off her
shoes and allowed her to run in tl*e barn yard in the fall of the year, applying "Kendall's
Spavin Cure " according to directions. "We did not use her for a month. She was en-
tirely cured, and the bunch completely removed, and has never been lame since. We state
what we knoAV to be a fact. We have sold 12 dozen bottles in the short time that we
have acted as your agents in Concord. Respectfully Yours,

UNDERHILL & KITTREDGE.
Apothecaries.

Office of Peter Hayden & Co., Xos. 45 & 47 Lake St. CniCAGO, III., Mar. IGth 1878.

Du. B. .1. Kexd.\ll— Dear Sir : — As to your "Kendall's Spavin Cure" we will most
freely say that in our sales of same Ave have ever found that it brings back the good
words of the user, and we have letters on file, too many to re-write, which speak in the
highest terms of your " Spavin Cure." We have no fear in always recommenaingit, with
our experience and belief of its virtues. Respectfully,

P. HAYDEN & Co.
P. Hayden, Wm. B. Hayden, C. H. Allen, Albert Hayden.

Office of "Wells, Richardson & Co. Wliolesalc Dniggists.

BURLIXGTOX, Vt., Dec. 24th, 1879.
B. J. Keldall & Co.— Gents :— Your Spavin Cure is having a very extensive sale. We
consider Kendall's Spavin Cure to be a very valuable remedy, and our customers speak
very highly of it. Our sales of the same are increasing very fast, and all whom we deal
with claim' that it does all vou claim for it Yours &C.,

WELLS, RICHARDSON & CO.

TESTIMONIALS.

If you do not want two feet in the same stirrup when you take your morning
ride do not buy a horse with the string-halt, as the disease is incurable.

Office of Geo. C. Goodwin, New England Patent Medicine Ware House.

38 Hanover St., Boston, Mass., Dec. 16th, 1879.
B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents :— We have sold " Kendall's Spavin Cure " for a number
of years, and the sale is continually increasing, which speaks volumes for the article.
We have never heard a word of complaint, which proves that it does all that is claimed
for It. Yours Trulv,

GEO. C. GOODWIN & CO.

Office of Dr. F. S. Slosson, Druggist.

•223 Superior St., Cleveland, Ohio, Jan. 6th, 1880.
B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents .-—The sale of "Kendall's Spavin Cure" is increasmg
daily and the reports of its efficacy are more favorable and frequent. I think it is des-
tined to have an unprecedented sale in this market, which will be entirely on its merits.

Yours &c.

F. S. SLOSSON.

Office of Dr. T. J. Casper, Druggist and Pharmacist, Manufacturer of Standard
Remedies.

41 East Main St., Springfield, Ohio, Jan. 7th, 1880.

B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents:— One party who has used "Kendall's Spavin Cure"
writes : " I was run over by a horse and got my arm sprained. It was badlv swollen and
pained me very much. I slept but little. I applied " Kendall's Spavin Cure " and soon
found great relief. I can now work without experiencing any pain." G. T. Ingersoll of this
city says his valuable trotting mare was cured of a spavin bv its use, and he is enthusi-
astic in its praise. From what I have seen of its use I regard it as a very valuable
preparation. Yours Truly,

T. J. CASPER.

TESTIMONIALS. 67

Office of E. Allen, Manuf. and Dealer in, Carriages, Sleighs, Harnesses, Robes, &c.
No. 5 Fulton St., opposite Citv Hall, Providexce, R. I., Jan. Sth, 18S0.
I have been selling "Kendall's .Spavin Cure" for a number of years, and all of my
customers speak of it in the highest term?. They say it will do all you claim lor it, and
is a sure cure for Spavins, Splints, Curb or any enlargement which may come on a horse
It is vrithout doubt the best horse liniment in the market. Yours &c.,

E. ALLEN.

Woodstock Valley, Co^-^^, Dec. 2nd, 1879.
B. J. KENT) ALL & Co.— Gentlemen :— In the spring of 1877 I bought a horse quite lame
with a spavin. After using 1 bottle of " Kendall's Spavin Cure " his lameness was gone
and the bunch removed. He has been worked ever since in a heavy team, but with no re-
turn of his lameness. Since that time 1 have sold dozens of bottles, wUh good success,
taking from 1 to 3 bottles to effect a cure. I take pleasure ni recommending it, as I be-
lieve it is the best horse liniment extant. Yours Truly,

V A. M. BANCROFT.

Office of Geo. K. Share & Co., Saddlery, Coach Materials and Trimmings.

IXDIAXAPQLIS, IN'D., eJau. 8th, 1880.
B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents :—" Kendall's Spavin Cure," which we have sold, and
are now selling, meets with great success. We can truthfully say that every one that
has used it speaks of it in the highest terms, and says it is a good thing and has real
merit. Yours &G.,

GEO. K. SHARE & CO.

BoSTOX, Mass., Jan. .30th, 1878.
Messrs. French and Coffin— Gents :— We have used " Kendall's Spavin Cure" success-
fullv in two instances, one of them being with a valuable trotting mare. The cure m
both cases was complete. It is the only effective remedy we have known for the pur-
pose, and we take pleasure in adding our testimonid to its virtues.

Yours Truly,

CILLEY, STIMPSON & WOODBLTIY.

14 Custom House St., Boston, Mass., Dec. Sth, 1879.
B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gentlemen .-—This is to certify that I have a valuable stock
horse which became almost worthless from a spavin, and that by using your Spavin
Cure (one and a half bottles) he is free from all lameness and can trot a mile in 2.20 to
dav. I have also used it successfully on the cords of the legs for sprung knees, and it is
with pleasure that I can testify to the great merit of your most valuable medicine.

Yours Respectfully,

JOSEPH H.\EE.

Stable keeper.

Office U. S. Marshall, Western Dist. of Michigan, Kalamazoo, April 15th, 1878.
B. J. Kendall, Enosburg Falls, Vt —Dear Sir :— I received the two bottles of your
Kendall's Spavin Cure forwarded by express in January last. I am happy to state tliat
it performed all your advertisement called for. In three weeks after I commenced using
it the Spavin was entirely removed and a valuable horse restored to usefulness.

Very truly yours,

JOHN P.\JIKER.

Akron, Ohio. Dec. 22nd. 1S79.
B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents:— I cannot recommend "Kendall's Spavin Cure" too
hicrhlv. I have a friend who owns a valuable horse which became useless and worthless
bv the appearance of a verv l)ad Spavin. He tried every known remedv and gave up,
thinking the spavin was insurable. I persuaded him to try your Spavin Cure, and. after
using it according to directions, to use his own language, " It knocked the spavin higlier
than a kite," and a valuable horse was saved and restored to usefulness. I am now sell-
inj: vour book, " A Treatise on the Horse and his Diseases," and am meeting with great
success. Yours &c.,

J. J. WRIGHT

68 • TESTIMOJ^IALS.

Uncas ITotel, T. A. Holmes, Prop.

XORWICII, Coxx., Nov. 19th, 1879,
B. J. Kkndai.i. & Co.— (ientlenien :— I traflcd for a valuable horse that had a splint;
the man that owned him did not like to drive him bc(;au.se he was lame, and on that ac-
count I p:<>t him very cheap. I ^M)t a bottle of your " Kendall's Spavin Cure" and ap-
plieil it according to your tlirections, and after using only 2^< bottles found it had made
a perfect cure. It completely removed the Splint, leaving the leg as smooth as the back
of your hand. Yours llcspectfullv,

T. A. HOLMES.

IIOPKIXTOX, N. H., Dec. 22nd, 1879.
B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gentlemen :— This is to certify that I have used vour Kendall's
Spavin Cure on a valuable horse belonging to my father, and, after ai)plving it accord-
ing to directions, only two Aveeks, completed a 2}erfect ctire of a verv b;id .<pavin. The
horse is well and has not been lame since. I advise all who have'horses affected in
like manner to use it. Yours Trulv,

THOS'. B. tTN^DERHILL,

Apothecary.

Providexce, R. I., Dec. Kith, 1879.
B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents:— I have used about thirty bottles of '* Kendall's Spavin
Cure" Avithin the past two years, and within that time have removed Curbs, Splints, and
Callous places, from many horses. I consider it the best Horse Liniment in existence
and would not be without it. I endorse everything that is said about the medicine.

Y'ours &c.,

GEORGE B. WICKS.

Office of Palace Stables. RocnESTER, N". Y., Dec. 10th, 1879.
B. J. Kendall & Co. — Gentlemen: — Having used j-our Kendall's Spavin Cure on
seven or eight horses, Avith good results, for Splints, Curbs and sprains, 1 most cheerful-
ly reconunend it to others.

D. C. WHITBECK.

Putnam, Contst,, Jan., 6th, 1880.

B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gents :— I have used your Kendall's Spavin Cure on a horse,
this last Summer, and it completely cured him of a very bad spavin. He is now well
and sound as he ever was, and it is all owing to "Kendall's SpaAin Cure."

Respectfully.

JOHN J. DIMON.

Maple Grove Farm, Eddttille, N. Y., Aug. 23, 1879.

B. J. Kendall, M. D. — Dear Sir:— I have been usinfr Kendall's Spavin Cure on a A'al-
uable stallion that I OAvn. He kicked through a door and got his foot hung, taking out a
piece of skin 1 1-2 by 3 inches, Avhich left a fearful AA'ound, and I thought he Avas ruined
for life. After a long time I got it healed, leaving a bunch or callous as large as a large
ring-bone. I have used one and one half bottles of Kendall's Spavin Cure and the bunch
is nearly all gone. I can not say too much for the Spavin Cui*e, for it has done for me
what I supposed AA^as out of the power of man to do, in removing the bunch.

I am a breeder of Ayrshire cattle, Leicester sheep, Berkshire hogs, and Pcrcheron
horses, and unless I am extraordinarily lucky Avill AA'ant to use more or less of the Spav-
in Cure every week." Send me one half doz. bottles by express. Y'ours Truly,

S. N. DELAP.

The folloAving letter Avas AATitten to our agent in Louisville, Kv., bv the OAATier of the
stage route from Lebanon, Ky. to Campbellsville, AA'ho is Avell "known throughout the
state.

Campbellsville, Kr., Jan 30th, 1878.
J. W. Morrill & Co., Louisville, Ky.— Gents :— The Kendall's Spavin Cure " sent me
some time ago has proA'ed iuA'aluable in all cases for AAhich I iised it; sprains, sore back,
galled shoulders, Avindgalls and scratches. Fortunately I did not have anv stock at the
time with spavin. • Y^ours Respectfiilly,

GEORGE BORDERS.

TESTIxMONIALS.

A SURE METHOD OF CONVEKTIXG A GOOD HORSE IXTO A POOR 0>E.

Meredith Village, X. H., Feb. 17, 1S79.

Dr. B. J. KENT) ALL & Co.— Dear Sirs :— The horse I used your Spavin Ciu-e on had a
splint as larj?e as a hen's egg and it had been there about a year, and kept .erinviug larg-
er. I used one bottle of your Spavin Cure on it, wliich tooli it nearly all off. I then used
a half bottle more and it took it entirelv off, so that the leg was as smooth as the other.
It was worth 8 100 to me and 1 therefore feel very grateful to you. Please send me one
half doz. of your Spavin Cure, "C. O. D." Yours with respect,

JOHN' C. TO\^T.E.

B. J. Ke>T5 ALL— Dear Sir :— Your
horse of a very bad boue spavin.

Lawren'CE, Mass., Feb. 27th, 1879.

"Kendall's Spavin Cure" has entirely cured my

Yours Truly,

G. B. H.AXCHETT.

B. J. Kendall & Co.— Gentlemen :— I have used and sold " Kendall's Spavin Cure "
for a number of years vrith great success. It is a sure cure for spayins an(l ring-bones.

Alexander, N. Y., Jan. 2nd, 1880.

Spav
1(1 rii
vrhen used according to dii'^ectioiis. One of my neighbors had a nice young horse that
had two lja(i ring bones, which made him very lame. He iised four bottles of your
Spavin Cure, 7chfch tool- off the buiirhes completeJji ami curof Mm of his lameness entirely.
All those who have used it, around here, think there is nothing like it. Finuly believing
it is by far the best horse liuimeut ever placed before the i)ublic, I remain,

Yours &c ,

C. W. YAXDE BOG.VP.T.

Breeder of blooded horses and dealer in horses and trotters,- Alexander, Cr'uesee
County, X. Y.

TESTIMONIALS.

Waddingto-n-, N. Y., Jan. Gth, 1880. '
B. J. Kendall A Co.— Gentlemen :—" Kendall's Spavin Cure" I consider as a truly
beneficial remedy for the removal of Spavins and any other eidarprement, on all animals
as well as horses. I had a very line Jei-sey heifurwlueli lost one fourth (>^) of her bag
"With c:arf?et, and remaineil so until eomin;j^ in the second time, when we applied your
"Kendall's Spavin Cure," rul)binj? it thoroujrhlj-, an<l effecteU a complete cure. Be-
lieving it has no rival as a liniment, I cheerfully recommend its use.

Yours &c.,

WALTER RUTHERFORD.
Importer and breeder of fancy cattle, Stock Farm, Waddington, IS. Y.

CuiLESBURGH, Ky. Feb. 20th, 1879.

Dr. B. J. Kexdall — Dear Sir :— I have tried your Kendall's Spavin Cure on a chronic
case of bone spavin which has been treated by'two of the best doctors in the land. The
case was fired twice and I can safely say that your Spavin Cure did nmre good than
anytliini:: which I ever tried. I believe it to be a good remedy for a great many difficul-
ties. Ring-bone and bone spavin I am sure it will cure if taken in time. It is also good
for scratches, grease heel, &c. Yours Respectfully,

T. B. BIUIR.

Glover, Vt., Feb. 13th, 1879.
Dr. B. J. Kendall — Dear Sir:— I used 1 bottle of your Kendall's Spavin Cure on a
horse of ours and removed a spavin entirely; and one of my neighl)ors had a colt with
a bad ring-bone, and b}- using two bottles of your Spavin Cure, he cured it entirely. It
has given good satisfaction here. Yours Truly,

A. H. HALL.

Buffalo, N. Y., Feb. 9th, 1878.
This is to certify that I have used Ken^ll's Spavin Cure for a splint, and am happy to
testify that it has fully cured it. Yours Respectfully,

WILLIAM SHARP,
Supt. of Thornton and Chester's Stable.

Hyde Park, Vt., Nov. 8th, 1877.

E. J. Kendall, M. D.— Dear Sir : — I am no great friend to patent medicines but do
not hesitate to speak a good word for your Spavin Cure. Two years ago I bought a
valuable three year old colt in Canada, but before reaching homediscoveredthat he was
lame from a curb. The curb continued to enlarge and would at times render the colt so
lame that he could not be driven, and he hobbled very badly. I was induced to try your
Spavin Cure, and with one l)ottle and a half took away the enlargement, and from that
day to the present time he has not been lame. For curb therefore I do not hesitate to
recommend people to try " Kendall's Spavin Cure." Yours Truly,

REV. O. S. BASFORD.

Editor of The Lamoille Nev/s.

Lowell, Mass., May 25, 1878.

B. J. Kendall :— Dear Sir :— Send us as usual three (3) dozen Kendall's Spavin Cure.

We received your inquiry for references, and have delayed answering from time to
time, in hopes of getting one from a man Avho used 10 bottles and completely cured a
spavin of six years growth on a horse that after the cure trotted better than 40 and sold
for $4.50.00. When he commenced to use the Cure the horse was dead lame and would
not sell for $ 10.00. We did not know the man's name and have not been able to find him
since your letter. Yours Respectfully,

CROWELL & mVERISOX,

Apothecaries, Lowell, Mass.

4620 Paul Street, Frankford, Philadelphia, Penn,, Jan. 8, 1880.

B. J. Kendall & Co. — Gentlemen :— I had a horse in my stables that I drove from

1802 until April, 1878. During all that time he suflered more or less from a bone spavin

which in 1878 was at least of 19 years standing, for the spavin Avas on his leg when Ave

bought the horse in 1860, he being then 7 years old, and the man who sold us the horse

TESTIMONIALS. 71

declared that the horse was foaled with that enlargement on his hock. I used various
sweating and blistering liniments and in 18(35 we engaged a veterinary surgeon tcho ap-
plied the actual cautery; but all these failed to give permanent relief. " But linallv I ob-
tained a bottle of "Kendall's Spavin Cure" which I applied at once according to directions,
and the patient old sufl'erer found instant relief. I have used "Kendall's Spavin Cure"
for spavins, ring-bones, splints, &c., with entire satisfaction, ever since.— It certainly is
one of the most useful and beneficial discoveries of the age. Yoiu-s Truly,

THEODORE F. WEISS.

Office of Van Schaact, Stevenson & Co.. Wholesale Druggists,

92 and 94 Lake St., Chicago, III., Jan 1st, 1880.

B. J. Kexdall & Co.— Gentlemen :— " Kendall's Spavin Cure" is ha\'ing an unprece-
dented sale in this market for the length of time it has been introduced. All who use
it give it an unqualified indorsement as the greatest horse liniment of the age. We en-
close you a testimonial from Rauchett & Carter, proprietors of the great 12th St. livery
stable', of this citj', who are enthusiastic in its praise.

Chicago, III., Dec. 1.5, 1879.
Tax Schaack Ste-vexsox & Co.— Gents :— It is several years since we first bought
"Kendall's Spavin Cure" of you and we do not hesitate to say it is the very best article
for spavin, ring-bones, scratches, splints, &c., that we have ever used. We would not
be without it in our large livery for thousands of dollars as we use it constantly, with a
success that we did not anticipate. Every one who has used it around here speaks of
its wonderful cures in the liighest terras." Having used everj^ known remedy winch has
been placetl before the public, we do not hesitate "to pronounce " Kentlall's Spavin Cure"
one of the greatest discoveries of the age, and something that no horse owner should be
without. It stands without a iieer in horse liniments. Respectfully Yours,

HAXCHETT & C^iETEE.
Proprietors of 12th St. Livery, Cliicago, 111.

This is only a specimen of what we might give vou. Yours &r.,

VA:N SCHAACK STEVENSON & CO

WHAT IS GOOD FOR MAN IS GOOD FOR BEAST.

^pnniso—

It has long been the opinion of eminent scientists, ^vho have made the realm of nature
the study of a lifetime, that the horse is our noblest domestic animal, perfect in structure,
beautiful in appearance, and exhibiting a large amount of intelhgence, and wliose phya
ical nature closely resembles that of the human family, thus showing that the causes
and effects of diseases may be quite similar to tliseases in the hmnan subject; therefore
we would naturaUy infer that any remedy wliich is good for either man or beast would
be equaUy as good for one as the other under similar circumstances.

Knowing this to be the case, and after hearing repeatedly^ from parties who had used
•' Kendall s Spavin Cure " ^vith the most gi-atifying results, for lameness or deep-seated
pains on their o^vn persons we began to use it ourselves on Imman flesh, and after using
it for the past two years or more for bruises, cuts, corns, frost-bites, burns, sprains,
rheumatism or any lameness, and using on children from one or two years of age to
men of mature years without ever seeing the shghtest injury from using ii full strength,
but seeing always the most marked beneficial results, we now recommend it, with the
most perfect confidence as the best liniment ever placed before tlie pubUc for any lame-
ness or deep seated pain in man. Especially would we recommend it for bad cases of
long standing. We care not if every other known remedy has been tried and failed to
benefit in the least; for every case of this kind Avhere Kendall's Spavin Cure lias been,
(to our knowledge), applied, two or three times a day, for two or three weeks, a cure
has been the result.

It does not take immediate effect, and sometimes there wiU be scarcely any perceptible
effect for one or two weeks; but wliile it may be slow in its effects in these cases it al-
ways proves to be sure to cure if followed up according to directions.

In using it for any difficulty of long standing, it should be applied for a long time, as
such difficulties cannot be removed in a short time. It can be applied Avith a feather,
with a small swab, or with the hand, and by applying two or three times a day, for sev-
eral days, it will usually cause the skin to be a little sore on man, and we recommend
tliat for all long standing difficulties it be applied after it becomes some sore just the
same as before, until the disease is removed. Only a little is necessary at each applica-
tion.

Read testimonials on next page showing its wonderful effects on human flesh.

WHAT IS GOOD FOR MAN IS GOOD FOR BEAST. 73

EEAD OF ITS EFFECTS ON HUIMAN FLESH !

Bakersfield, Vt., Dec. 23, 1879.

B J KJENTSYLL & Co.— Gents :— I Avish to add my testimony in favor of your invalua-
ble liniment, "Kendall's Spavin Cure." In the spring of 186-2 I slipped on the ice and
sprained mv right limb at the knee joint. I was very lame, and, at times, suffered the-
niost excruciating pain. I -wore a bandage on it for over a j-ear and tried most_ every;

thii " ■ '^ ' ' " " - -^1=.^

over\V(
cripple
useil I

troub.^ . ^ ~ . ^. „ ,

Cure" to all who suffer with sprains, or rheumatism. i ours iruly,

MRS. J. BOUTELL.

DuxiLAJi, P. Q., March 10, 1S79.

Dr. B. J. Kexd ALE— Dear Sir :— About a vear ago I fell in the roa<l on to some ice and
was Ix^dlv hurt in the liip joint, which caused me much suffering. I tric'd various reme-
dies but 'none gave relief until I ti'ied vour Kendall's Spavin Cure. I applied it, luii
sti-ength, twice a day for about two weeks during last October, and it effected a penect
cure. I have since then been well and free from lameness. It is very valuable tor man
as M-eU as for beast. Yours Truly,

CHESTER K. GREEN.

P \TTEX's Miles, Washington Co., X. Y., Feb. 21st, 1878.
B. J. Ke>T)ALL, M. D.— Dear Sir :— The particular case on which I used your "Spavin
Cure "was a malignant ankle sprain of sixteen months standing. I had tried many
thimrs but in vain. Your - Spavin Cure" put the foot to the ground f^?^-^\"' ^"'I'Jn^ «'«
first time since hurt, in a natural position. For a family liniment it excels an} thing a\ e
ever used. Yours Truly,

REV. M. P. BELL.
Pastor M. E. Church, Patten's MiUs, N. Y.

74 AGENTS.

Agents for Kendall's Spavin Cure.

We give below some of the agents, most of whom sell at icholesale and retail. It is al-
so sold by nearly all of the wholesale druggists, and by a large share of the retail deal-
ers in me<licinc ; but if your dealer has it not in his stock and will not got it for you send
direct to Dr. li. J. Kendall, & Co., Euosburgh Falls, Vt., and they will send, on receipt of
price ($ 1. per bottle or six for $ 5.) to any address and they usually put in with every
sample order of this kind a present worth about what the express will be, as near as

tliey can calculate.

^ SOME OF OUR AGENTS.

Albany, N. Y., 324 Broadway, Woodward & Hill.

Ann Arbor, Mich., Emanuel Mann.

Atlanta, Ga., Hunt, Rankin & Lamar.

Baltimore, Md., 277 W. Baltimore St., Robt. Lawson & Co.

Baltimore, Md., 16 German St., Thomson & Muth.

Bloomington, 111., Wm. W. Marmou.

Boston, Mass., 100 Federal St., French & Coffin.

Boston, Mass., 38 Hanover St., Geo. C Goodwin & Co.

Buflialo, N. Y., 20 Exchange St., J. S. Lytic & Son.

Burlington, Iowa, 317 North Main St., Reynolds & Churchill.

Burlington, Vt., Wells, Richardson & Co.

Chicago, 111., 4.1 Lake St., P. Hayden & Co.

Chicago, 111., 92 Lake St., Van Schaack, Stevenson & Co.

Chicago, 111., 22 Market St., Fuller & Fuller.

Cincinnati, O., 60 Walnut St., R. Macready & Co.

Cincinnati, Ohio, 177 Sycamore St., John D. Park & Sons.

Cincinnati, O., 146 Main St., J. J. Bantlin.

Cleveland, O., 114 Superior St., Strong, Cobb & Co.

Cleveland, O., 223 Superior St., Dr. F. S. Slosson.

Columbus, O., Braun & Bruck.

Columbus, O., 43 East Spring St., James W. Meek.

Concord, N. IL, Underbill & Kittredge.

Davenport, Iowa, Haigbt, Sears & Co.

Denver, Colorado, J. Durbin.

Detroit, Mich., 15 Larned St., Farrand, Williams & Co.

Detroit, Mich., 104 Woodward Avenue, P. Hayden.

Detroit, Mich., Swift & Dodds.

Detroit, Mich., T. H. Hinchman & Sons.

Dubuque, Iowa, W. H. Torbert.

Elmira, N. Y., 126 Lake St., Gerity & Morrill.

Fort Wayne, Ind., Meyer Bros. & Co.

Galena, 111., 131 Main St., S. Crawford & Co.

Hartford, Conn., Smith, Bourn & Co.

Indianapolis, Ind., 40 South Meridian St., Geo. K. Share & Co.

Indianapolis, Ind., 9 East Washington St., Browning & Sloan.

Indianapolis, Ind., 38 and 48 East Washington St., Stewart & Barre.

La Cross, Wis., Mc CuUoch, Mc Cord & Co.

LaAvrence, Mass., 179 Essex St., Charles Clarke.

Louisville, Ky., 315 Main St., J. W. Morrill & Co.

Louisville, Ky., 196 Main St., R. A. Robinson &. Co. '

AGENTS. 75

Lowell, Mass., 139 Central St., Crowell & Harrison.

Manchester, N. H., Edwin Branch.

INIilwaukee, Wis., Dolmien, Schmitt & Co.

Nashville, Tenn., Xo. 1 Public Square, Berry, Demoville &. Co.

New Haven, Conn., Richardson & Co.

New London, Conn., O. G. Beckwith.

New Orleans, La., 42 Camp St., I. L. Lyons.

Netv York City, 170 WiUiani St., W. H. Schieffelin & Co.

New York City, 12S Chambers St., C. M. Moseraan & Bro.

New York City, 40 ^yarren St., C. B. Smith & Co.

Norfolk, Va., 24 Union St., A. Wrenn & Sou.

Omaha, Nebraska. C. F. Goodman.

Peoria, 111., Singer & Wheeler.

PhiLadelphia, Pa , 38 N. Third St., C. B. Day & Co.

Philadelphia, Pa., G02 Arch St., Johnston, HoUoway & Co.

Philadelphia, Pa., N. W. Cor. 10th and Market Sts., French, Richards & Co.

Pittsburgh, Pa., Harris & E^^ing.

Pittsburgh, Pa., 292 Liberty St., Campbell & McKelvy.

Portland, Maine, John W. Perkins & Co.

Portland, 3Iaine, W. F. Phillips & Co.

Providence, R. I., 54 to 53 Weybosset St., Wm. B. Blanding.

Providence, R. I., 3 and 5 Fulton St., E. Allen & Co.

Rochester, N. Y., Jacob K. Post & Co.

Rochester, N. Y., 103 East Main St., F. B. Raymond & Co.

St. Louis, Mo., 512 North Main St., Haydeus & Allen.

St. Louis, Mo., 10 N. Second St., Meyer Bros. & Co.

St. Louis, Mo., Richardson & Co.

St. Paul, Minn., 32 Robert St., Noyes Bros. & Cutler.

St. Paul, Minn., 31 Robert St., Schmidt & Miller.

San Francisco, California, Crane & Brigham.

Scranton, Pa., 410 Lackawanna Ave., Geo. W. Fritz.

South Bend, Ind., Cushing & Co.

Springfield, Mass., J. T. Webber & Co.

Springfield, Ohio, 41 East Main St., Dr. T. J. Casper.

Syracuse, N. Y., C. W. Snow & Co.

Toledo, Ohio, West & Truax.

Utica, N. Y., 9 Broad St., George Windherm.

Worcester, Mass., 30 Exchange St., Geo. N. NewhalL

IMPORTANT TO MERCHANT'S AND HORSE:NrEN.

We would like a good agent to sell " Kendall's Spavin Cure " and this book, in every
town in the United States. Apply t<" Dr. B. J. Kendall & Co., Enosburgh Falls, Vf.,
for terms.

We hope that none but reliable and responsible persons will make applications for
the agency, and to all such we would say that we Avill print circulars for our agent<
with their card printed on them and send fi-ee by mail to any person who Imys the Spav-
in Cure, either of us or of any of our wholesale agents, to sell again, if they will only
•\Arrite to us giving name and place ^\Titten plain that we may know number wanted &c.

We recommend all to send tlicir orders to the nearest wholesale agent.

In semling orders direct to us it is best usually to send P. O. money order or check
for the amount wanted, with full shipping directions, and the order will receive prompt
attention, and by so doing you will save time and exj^ense. To all who would investi-
gate to know if we are resp6n.sil)le for any money which might be sent to us we would
refer to the following well known firms. "Wells. 'Richardson & Co., Burlinirton, Vt., Geo.
C. Goodwin & Co., Boston, Mass., and Charles Pfizer & Co., New York City, or to any
of the clergjTuen or officers in this town.

76 REFERENCES.

REFERENCES.

Charles A. Currier, Special Agent for the Massachusetts Society for the prevention of
crueltj' to Animals, Boston, Mass.

Joseph Baker, Agent for the same Society, East Boston, Mass.

H. W. Petus, Foreman Metropolitan Horse Car Stable, Boston Neck, Mass.

Thomas Langlau, Boston Mass.

Charles Sager, Livery, Portland, Me.

N. E. Wight, *« "

George Borders, Campbellsville, Ky., proprietor of stage route from Lebanon to
Camiibellsville, Ky.

C. W. Vande Bogart, Breeder of Blooded Horses and dealer in horses and trotters,
Alexander, Genesee Co., n! Y.

Sumner Howard, (Late Attorney General for the U. S. at Salt Lake City,) Flint, IMich.

John Parker, (U. S. MarshaD, Western Dist. of JNIich.) Kalamazoo, Mich.

n. H. Littell, (Supt. Louisville City Raihvay Co.) Louisville, Ky.

Thomas O'Connor, Chief Engineer Fire Department, New Orleans, La.

C. E. Mosher, Driver and trainer, LawTcnce, Mass.

John W. Porter & Co., Livery & Sale stable, La\\Tence, Mass.

C. A. Chandler, freight agent at Eastern R. R., La\NTence, Ma-ss;

Hanchett & Carter, (Livery) Chicago, 111.

Wisconsin Leather Co., Milwaukee, Wis.

B. J. Demarest, Trainer for O. J. Schoolcraft, Richmond, Va.
J. C. Talcott, New York City.

F. Harry Hamilton, No. 132 West 31st Street, New York City.

Geo. H. Page, Livery, Providence, R. I.

William Sharp, Supt. of Thornton & Chester's Stable, Buffalo, N. Y.

Arthur Tuttlebee, 71 Edward St., Buffalo, N. Y.

R. W. Nichols, PLattsburg, N. Y.

W. H. Smith & Bro., Hillsdale, Mch.

E. R. Towle, Agricultural Editor St. Albans Messenger, West Berkshire, Vt.

Frank Foote, Haverhill, Mass.

A. M. Bancroft, Woodstock Valley, Conn.

John C. Towle, Meredith Village, N. H.

Walter Rutherford, Stock Farm, Waddington, N. 1 .

Robt. Wood, Charlestown, Ind.

E. A. Laduke, BurUngton, Vt.

Fred J. Graves, East Barnard, Vt.

A Stevens, Eridport, Vt.

C. P. Blake, Eppiug, N. H.
H. N. ^^Hiite, Panton, Vt.

D. W. Nash, New Haven, Vt.
Albert C. Clark, Henniker, N. H.

P. M. Good, AniAvell, Wayne Co., Ohio.
W. A. Craig, Westlield, Mass.

REFERENCES. * 77

C. Bailey, Fort Covington, N. Y.
Francis M. Smith, Hanvich Center, Mass.
Edwin Richardson, Dixon, Iowa.

R. McKay, Livei^- Keeper, Dunkirk, N". T.

Joseph Tyler, Dunkirk, X. Y.

Charles A. Rolfe, Princeton, Washington Co., Maine.

B. D. Bramer, Syracuse, X. Y.

J. H. Childs, Syracuse, N. Y.

H. R. Reese, Onondaga Valley, X. Y.

D. C. Whitbeck, (Palace Stables,) Rochester, X'. Y.
A. V. Smith, 51 State St., " "
X. P. Wilbur, " "

A. M. Hayes, Bureau Eng. and Ptg., Treasurj- Dept., Washington, D, C.

Geo. Bryan, (Trainer and owner of Runners and Trotters,) Thomasville, Georgia.

August Post, Real Estate Broker, Moiilton, Iowa.

A FEW OF THE

MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE

We once heard it remarked by an eminent professor of Ma-
'teria M(!dica that if he was compelled to combat with disease
Avitli either Opium alone, or all of the remaining drugs in use
without the opium, he would choose the opium alone.

Another professor has said "give me mercury, iodine, quinine and the
lancet, and I will combat with disease." While I do not altogether en-
dorse the views of either of these distinguished professors, either in
the number or selection of medicines they would choose first in prefer-
ence to all others, I would say, give me as my first choice, aconite and
iron in connection with the opium and a few others and I should feel
that I was fitted out with the most important drugs, for the successful
treatment of the diseases of the horse.

We will give something of a history of the more important drugs
used for the treatment of the diseases of the horse, with their effects
and uses.

Acids. These nearly all have a sour taste, and are derived from the
vegetable, mineral and animal kingdoms. The number of acids used
in medicines is small ; among the most important of these are acetic
acid, muriatic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, tannic acid, gallic acid,
carbolic acid, arsenious acid, phosphoric acid, and tartaric acid.

Acetic Acid. When diluted with seven parts of water it is about
the strength of ordinary vinegar. It is produced from the purification
of pyroligneous acid.

Use. It is used by some, with good results, for sprains, and bruises
and for the destruction of the poison of insects, by adding to six ounces
of the acid k ounce tincture of opium and two ounces of camphor.

Muriatic Acid. This acid is obtained by the action of sulphuric
acid on common salt. When pure it is a transparent, colorless liquid ;
but the commercial acid has a yellowish color.

Muriatic acid is a good tonic in debilitating diseases of the horse and
is refrigerant and antiseptic.

Dose. Half to one fluid drachm may be given, largely diluted with
cold water, and repeated two to four times a day.

Externally, it may be used for sores in the feet, by pouring a few drops
into the sores or nail holes. Eight or ten drops may be advantageously

MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 79

used for poll-evil or quittor by being poured directly into the fistulous
opening.

It may be used for various affections of the skin by diluting with glyc-
erine, and washing off in a short time if used strong.

Carbolic Acid. This important medicine is obtained from coal tar
oil. Its smell resembles that of creosote.

Uses. It is used for various purposes such as a disinfectant in stables,
where animals have distempers, fevers, &c., by washing the stalls,
floors and ceilings, with water which contains a small quantity of the
acid : also used with gratifying results for unhealthy wounds and sores,
by applying a solution of the following strength; Carbolic acid, 1 oz.,
fresh, soft water 6 pints ; this prevents putrefaction and will cause the
wound to be more healthy and to heal sooner. Carbolic acid is also used
for destroying wood ticks, lice and all kinds of parasites, and is quite
effective in preventing the bot fly from depositing her eggs when those
parts which are commonly chosen by the bot fly, are washed with a so-
lution double the strength given above.

Nitric Acid, (called also Aqua Fortis.) This is also a valuable tonic
when properly given. It is extremely sour and corrosive, and should
be guarded by the same caution as in giving the sulphuric acid.

Dose. It may be given in doses of 5 to 25 drops, largely diluted with
water.

Sulphuric Acid, (called also oil of Vitriol.) This acid is obtained
by burning sulphur, mixed with one eighth of its weight of nitre, over
a stratum of water contained in a chamber lined with sheet-lead.

Uses. Many consider this acid to be preferable to any other of the
acids for internal use, in debility of the digestive organs, for general
weakness, and as a refrigerant.

Externally, it is used similarly to muriatic acid. When it is desired
to use it as a caustic it should be mixed with dry powdered white vit-
riol sufficient to make it of a pasty consistence so it can be confined to
the location which it is desired to cauterize.

80 MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE.

Tliis acid as well as nitric or muriatic acid is a powerful irritating
poison when given into the stomach undiluted; and persons should bear
in mind when these acids are given that they should be largely diluted
with water and thoroughly mixed before administering.

A dose of Sulphuric acid is about 10 to 40 drops, largely diluted with
water.

Tannic Acid. (Called also Tannin.) This is produced from Nut-
galls, Oak bark, &c. It is uncrystallizable, white, or slightly yellowish, "
with a strongly astringent taste, inodorous, soluble in water, but not
very soluble in alcohol or ether, and insoluble in most oils.

Tannic acid precipitates solutions of starch, albumen, and gluten,
and forms with gelatine an insoluble compound which is the basis of
leather.

Uses. It is valuable, mixed with water, as a wash for running sores
and ulcers, and is also excellent for diarrhoea, and may be given for any
disease where this class of medicines is indicated. It will, in many
cases of bleeding sores, stop the bleeding if applied locally. It is some-
times used as an eye-wash with excellent success, by applying a solu-
tion of the following strength : tannic acid, i ounce, cold water one
quart ; as it is harmless and safe to use, we would recommend it as an
eye-wash.

Dose. For diarrhoea the dose should be from i to 1 drachm.

Aconite. (Wolfsbane— Monkshood.) An active poison which grows
abundantly in the forests of Germany, France and Switzerland. It is
also cultivated in the gardens of Europe, and has been introduced into
this country as an ornamental flower. All parts are poison. The leaves
and roots are used. A tincture made from the root is much more active
than from the leaves.

Tincture of Aconite Root.— This is one of the most powerful, and suc-
cessful sedatives which is in use. It is one of the best medicines we
have for the successful treatment of several of the diseases of the horse,
when properly used ; and has, to a certain extent, done away with bleed-
ing and physicking ; the former of which has been in the past so indis-
criminately and dangerously used. It is not only sedative, but it is
an anodyne, diaphoretic and antiphlogistic. It controls fever, reduces
inflammation, and allays pain. In fact, we have no drug which will
so well control the circulation and action of the heart as aconite.

Medical Uses—Vhe efi"ects of remedial doses are felt in 20 or 30 min-
utes, and are at their height in an hour or two, and continue with lit-
tle abatement from 3 to 5 hours. We have no single drug which is used
with such gratifying results in many cases, such as lung fever, or, in
fact, inflammation of any part of the body, colic from eating green food,
and founder.

MEDICINES USED FOK THE HOilSE. 81

•

CmitiGn. In over doses this valuable drug is an active poison, there-
fore, we would caution all who nse it about giving too hxrge quantities,
as prostration and perhaps death would be the result. Never give
more than 5 or 6 doses, if 25 drops are given at each dose, nor more
than 7 or 8, if 20 drops are given at each dose. The dose may vary from
10 to 45 drops, but for most purposes sliould be about 25 drops.

Aloes are of several varieties. Cape, Barbadoes and Socotrine, and
it is the condensed juice of the leaves of a plant. Given by some as
a purgative or cathartic for horses ; others consider it bad practice to
use it much. A close should, for ordinary purposes, be from ^ to 1 ounce.
It is generally best to combine with it fenugreek, ginger or Canella.

Antimony, exists in its natural state in France and Germany. The
preparations of antimony which are used for the horse most, are 1st,
sulphuret of antimony, also commonly called black antimony. This is
by many considered a remarkable remedy for the horse, for many pur-
poses, but especially to make the horse shine, and to have the appear-
ance of being quite fat. 2d. Tartrate of antimony and Potassa common-
ly called tartar emetic, has been in great repute in the treatment of dis-
eases of the chest; but is now considered of but little value in these
diseases.

Anise Seed. Are obtained fi'om the anise plant which is a native of
Egypt, but has been introduced into the south of Europe and is cultivat-
ed in various parts of that country, and is cultivated occasionally in the
gardens of this country.

Uses. It is a grateful, aromatic carminative ; and is supposed to have
the property of increasing the secretion of milk. It is used for flatulent
colic, indigestion, loss of appetite, etc. It is an excellent remedy when
combined with other medicines for various kinds of Condition powders.

Dose. From h. to two ounces, which may be repeated three times a day.

Aqua Ammonia^, (called also Hartshorn.) This medicine is very
valuable both for internal and external use. It is a diffusible stimu-
lant, antispasmodic and antacid. It is used externally with olive oil,
and in various mixtures as a counter irritant. Used as an antidote for
bites of poisonous serpents. Given with good results for flatulent colic
in doses of two to three drachms ; given with milk as directed below
for carbonate of ammonia.

Carbonate of Ammonia. This is a very valuable medicine for de-
bility and prostration from lung fever, bronchitis, influenza or any dis-
ease causing great weakness. Its effects are similar to those of aqua
ammonia given above.

Dose. One to three drachms which may be repeated three times a
day, and should be given inmilkorcold gruel, which will protect the
mucus membranes of the throat and stomach.

82 MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE.

■ff

Arsenic. This is an active poison in large doses, but "vvhen given in
proper doses is an excellent tonic, improving the general condition of
the horse. It should be given in a large bulk of cut feed, so as to pro-
tect the stomach. From two to 5 grains may be given in the 24 hours,
and it should be continued for about two weeks, when the medicine
should be stopped for one or two weeks, and then it maybe given again
as before. Some consider it a sure pure for the heaves.

AsSAFCETiDA. A gum resin obtained from a phmt of Persia by making
incisions into the living root, collecting the juice which exudes, and dry-
ing it in the sun. It has a peculiar odor, similar to that of onions.

Uses. It is antispasmodic, expectorant, and a moderate stimulant
and laxative. It is given as a vermifuge and for loss of appetite, also
used for heaves, in connection with camphor. (See treatment of heaves.)

Dose. One to three drachms, and if the stimulant effect is wanted
give from one to two ounces of the tincture.

Blue Yitkiol. This is an excellent medicine when given internally,
as a tonic, to build up the system. Given for glanders, farcy and vari-
ous other diseases requiring tonic and alterative medicine, and should
be combined with ginger, fenugreek or gentian. Externally blue vitriol
is used with good results as a caustic for proud flesh by touching the
parts with a piece of the crystal. It is also excellent for many wounds,
which have no proud flesh, by applying it in solution, 6 to 12 grains to
each ounce of soft water.

Dose. It may be given in doses from ^ to 1 drachm, and given twice
a day.

Camphor. A peculiar concrete substance derived from a plant in
China and Japan. It is recommended for nervous excitement and for
heaves, and is used in many cough mixtures. It is a favorite household
remedy, and used externally to a large extent.

Dose. Camphor may be given in doses varying from ^ to 2 drachms.
Camphor gum, 1 oz., and sweet oil 8 ozs., mixed, make a very good
external remedy for various purposes.

Cantharides. (Spanish Flies.) This remedy is produced by collect-
ins the beetles commonly called Spanish Flies.

These insects are of a beautiful, shining, golden green color, and usu-
all}^ make their appearance upon the trees of Spain, Italy, and the
south of France in the months of May and June, when they are collect-
ed by placing linen cloths under the trees on which they have lodged
through the night and shaking the tree, early in the morning, while
they are torpid from the cold of the night and consequently let go their
hold easily.

They are then deprived of life by the vapor from boiling vinegar, and
then dried in the sun or in rooms heated by stoves.

MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 83

Uses. Internal Jy, cantharides are a powevfnl stimulant with a pecul-
iar direction to the urinary org;ins, and in moderate doses it sometimes
acts as a diuretic. Used with good results for glanders and farcy.

The principal use of the cantharides is as a blister, by mixing it with
lard.

Dose. Spanish Flies may be given in doses varying from 3 to 7 grains,
but given only once a day.

Castok Oil. This is the expressed oil of the seeds of the castor oil
plant, which is now cultivated largely in this country throughout many
of the Southern and Western States.

Use. This oil is very useful and safe for common use in the human
family; but it is considered unfit for the horse, as it sometimes causes
inilammation of the coats of the bowels without relief from the purging.

(Raw Linseed Oil is considered as safe and efficient for the horse as
castor oil is for man. (See Linseed oil.)

Dose. Vv'hen it is thought best to give castor oil, or in the absence of
th(! raw linseed oil, it maybe given in doses varying from % to 1 \ pints.

Catechu. An extract prepared from the Vv'ood of Acacia Cateclui,
and found most abundant in the East Indies. It is a small tree seldom
growing more than twelve teet in hight, with the trunk about one foot
in diameter.

Use. An astringent which will bind the bowels in diarrhoea, and is
combined, with good results, with opium and prepared chalk, for diar-
rhoea.

Dose. One to three drachms.

Phepaked Chalk. (Creta Pnsparata.) This is the only form in
which chalk is used in medicine, and is an excellent antacid ; is one of
the best antidotes for oxalic acid. It is used with good results for acid-
ity of the stomach and for diarrhoea &c.

Dose. One to two ounces.

Chamomile Floaveks. This is a native of Europe and grows wild in
all the temperate parts of that continent and is also largely cultivated.

Use. A very mild tonic and quite useful when combined vrith other
medicines of this class.

Dose. It may be given in doses varying from h. ounce to two ounces.

Chakcoal. This may be given with good results, powdered, for
chronic diarrhoea, dysentery and debilitated stomach.

Dose. Half an ounce to one ounce, and it may be, given suspended in
gniel. It may be used with good results externally when applied to
badly smelling wounds.

Chloride of Lime. This com.pound was originally prepared for a
bleaching agent nearly a century ago, and has since been found to have
valuable properties as a disinfectant. It is a dry, or but slightly moist

84 MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE.

grayish-white, pulverulent substance, with an odor similar to that of
chlorine.

Uses. Clilorido of lime is a disinfectant, and from its deodorizing
and antiseptic properties makes an excellent stimulant to unliealthy
ulcers, applied in solution; also for cutaneous eruptions, &c. Its prin-
cipal use is as a disinfectant in stables occupied by glandered and other
sickly horses, and it may be sprinkled on the floor every morning, or may
be suspended in the stable in n box which has several holes cut into it.

Dose. When it is thought best to give it internally 1 to 3 drachms
may be given at a dose, in water.

CiiLOROFOKM is a colorless, volatile liquid, having a bland, ethereal
odor and a sweetish taste.

Uses. It is an excellent stimulant for horses when having a chill
from cold, or in congestion, and is sometimes given to quiet pain in colic
and other painful diseases. It is used mostly in liniments and some-
times for inhalation. One ounce of chloroform and three ounces of
olive oil, well mixed, make an excellent liniment for external use.
When cldoroform is given to the horse by inhalation he should be well
secured, so as to prevent his doing any damage, as it sometimes makes
him perfectly wild and uncontrollable. When any operation of
any considerable extent is to be performed it is best to tie the horse
down, and then administer the chloroform by pouring about an ounce
of it on to a sponge, and holding the sponge to one nostril and
covering the nose loosely with a large towel ; but care should be taken
to allow the horse pure air also, to breathe with the fumes of the chlo-
roform. Usually two to four ounces is sufficient to produce its effects
when inhaled.

Dose. One to two drachms, well diluted with weak spirits.

Crotox Oil. This is a very powerful cathartic and dangerous if im-
properly used, but as a "last resort" oftentimes works very well.

Dose is usually from 10 to 15 drops.

Elecampane. This is one of the best medicines in use for lung affec-
tions, and should enter largely into all mixtures for this class of dis-
eases. It is also an agreeable aromatic, and should form a part of all
Condition Powders.

Epsom Salts. (Sulphate of Magnesia.) This medicine, so well
known in every household, is used with good results as a febrifuge, and
is often given as a purgative. It is not only cheap, but it is very good
for several diseases, and forms a part of various condition powders.

Dose, i to ^ pound dissolved in as large quantity of cold water as
can be given the horse conveniently, with one ounce of ginger; also
allowing the horse to drink if he will after the salts have been given,
for the reason that they will be much more efficient if largely diluted.

MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 85

Ergot. This is produced from diseased rye and is of great value in
the foaling season, as it is the most effectual remedy known for increas-
ing the action of the uterus, when there is not sufficient contraction
Great care should be taken when it is given that nothing prevents de-
livery, except deficient action of the uterus. It should not be used by the
non-professional as tliey would be more likely to do harm than good
with it; in fact, the cases demanding its use are verj/rare, but, as we said
before, where its use is really called for nothing else will act as well.

Lose. Of the powder, I to h. ounce. Of the tincture, one to tvv^o fluid
ounces may be given.

Ethek. (Sulphuric Ether.) This is a very valuable remedy and is used
with excellent results for colic, and for various purposes is a good anti-
spasmodic. Given with tincture of opium it works admirably for colic.

Dose. One to two fluid ounces.

EuPHOKBiuM. This is the concrete, resinous juice of a plant growing
in Africa and in some other parts of the world.

Use. Owing to the severity of its action its internal use has been
entirely abandoned and it is uow used only externally, and it is so se-
vere that it is but very little used even in that way.

Male Fern. The root of a plant growing in South Africa. It is said
to be very valuable for ridding animals of worms.

Dose. It may be given to the horse in doses of ^ to one pound of the
powdered root, and may be followed with a purgative the next day.

Fenugreek. An annual plant growing spontaneously in Southern
Europe. It has a peculiar odor which is quite agreeable. The seeds,
ground, is the portion used, and they enter largely into nearly all the
condition powders which are put up and sold through the country.

Dose, g to 1 ounce.

Nut Gall. A morbid excresence upon the oak tree resulting from
holes being made in the bark by an insect.

Uses. It is a powerful astringent, and is used to bind the bowels when
affected with diarrhoea or dysentery ; used also for applying to the greasy
heels of horses.

Dose. One to three drachms.

Gentian. A valuable tonic. It excites the appetite, invigoratos di-
gestion, moderately increases the temperature of the body and the
force of the circulation, and may be combined with iron for debility,
and is used in connection with other drngs for various purposes and
forms an itnportant part of various condition powders.

Dose, i to 2 drachms, repeated 2 or 3 times a day.

Ginger. Several varieties, of which the Jamaica or luhite ginger is
thv? best, but all are used with good results for colic, loss of appetite,
&c., and should enter into every dose of pm'gative medicine.

86 MEDICINES USED FOR THE UORSE.

Dose, from 1 to 4 clrachms.

Glycerine. This is the sweet principle of fats or oils, and was dis-
covered nearly a century ago, when it was called the sweet pri7iciple of
oils. It is a lluid whicii scarcely ever dries up, and is a thick, syrupy
substance resembling castor oil in its looks, but without smell, and very
sweet to the taste.

Uses. It is an excellent application to many sores and is used witii
very gratifying results for scratclies or sore heels; also for skin diseases
when a softening and soothing application is required. When a little
is added to poultices, it h^as the ellect to keep them soft and moist for a
long time. It is soluble in water.

Iron. This is one of the most valuable medicines in use lor many
cases of debility, as it supplies tlie red corpuscles of the blood, whicli
are generally deficient in a debilitated animal. Various preparatioris
of iron are in use, of which the following are the most commonly used.

Copperas, — (Sulphate of Iron.) This is one of the chejipest, and,
for many purposes, the best. It is tonic and astringent, and is used
with good results for weakness, bad colidition, swelling of the legs,
body, sheath, &c.

Dose, h. to \h dr^iehms, and it should be combmed with the same quantity
of gentian or ginger, and given m the feed, or as a drench with cold
water.

Muriaied tincture of iron. This is an excellent preparation of iron,
and may be given in doses varying from \ to one ounce. Although
sever:il other preparations of iron are in use, the two given above are
all that are ordinarily required.

Juniper Berries. The best Juniper berries come from the south of
Europe and are about the size of a pea, and more or less shrivelled.
They are produced from a small evergreen shrub which sometimes
grows twelve or fifteen feet high. It is used for loss of appetite, to
stimulate the stonmch and kidneys to action, and during convalescence
from disease.

Dose. One to two ounces.

Kino. This is the inspissated juice of several plants which grow in
Africa, East and West Indies, South America, etc.
It is a powerful astringent and is used in diarrhoea as a substitute for

catechu, which is not quite as powerful.

Dose. One to five drachms.

Raw Linseed Oil This is perhaps the safest and best purgatn^e m

common use, and should be given by non-professional persons in pref-
erence to any other medicine. Never give boiled oil.
Dose, 1 to 2 pints, as a purgative.

MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE.

THE BEST AND MOST APPROVED METHOD OF CASTING A HORSE FOR

OPERATION.

Liquorice Root. This is the root of a small plant, growing four or
five feet in height, and wliich is cultivated in England, the north of
France, and Germany. It has an agreeable, sweetish, taste.

Uses. It is an excellent demulcent and well adapted to cases of irri-
tation of the mucous membranes of the lungs, bowels, and urinary or-
gans. It forms an important part of condition powders, and especially
when given for coughs.

Dose. From ^ to 1 ounce.

Mercurial Ointment. This is used mostly for skin diseases, such as
mange. But we prefer, for this disease, the treatment which we have
already given in another place. Xvlercurial ointment is sometimes used
with good results to rid animals of lice, by boring a small hole where
the animal is liable to rub its neck, and filling it with mercurial ointment.

Nitre. — (Saltpetre.) This medicine has long been used as a febrifuge
and as a diuretic, and is still held in high esteem by many, but there are
other drugs Vvdiich are better adapted to the treatment of the various
diseases for which it has long been used.

Use. As a febrifuge in fevers and inflammations, and for kidney com-
plaints ; it is also used, by many, in condition powders, for scratches and
various disorders of the blood.

Dose. \l to 3 drachms.

iSTux Vomica. This is an active poison in large doses, but if given
in proper quantities it is an excellent tonic and nervine for the horse
when sufi"ering from depression, dyspepsia, etc.

88 MEDICINES USED FOR THE KORSE.

Use. In paralysis and also in " glass eye " depending upon a want
of nervous energy in the optic nerve of tl\e horse.

Dose. The tincture is generally used, of which 1 to 3 draclims may be
given two or three times a day.

Oil of Tar. This is procured by the distillation of tar, and is an ex-
cellent remedy for any cough, heaves, &c. (See treatment of heaves.)
It is also an excellent application externally, when mixed with equal
parts of castor oil or sweet oil, to promote the growth of the hoof of
the horse. This mixture makes an excellent hoof ointment. To dark-
en the color, lamp black may be mixed in sufficient quantity to suit the
color of the foot.

Dose. Oil of tar may be given internally in doses of from one half
drachm to two drachms.

Oil of Tukpentine. (Commonly called spirits or spirit of turpen-
tine.) This is so common and well known that it will not need any de-
scription here.

Uses. It is stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, diaphoretic, and exter-
nally rubefacient. It is given largely in several diseases of tiie horse,
such as colic, for various lung difficulties and for the expulsion of
worms. As an external remedy combined with an equal quantity of
sweet oil, or in various mixtures, it is used with good results, but should
not be applied in fall strength to the horse.

Dose. The dose of spirits of turpentine is from one to two ounces
and should always be mixed with twice its bulk of sweet oil.

Opium. This is the dried juice of the poppy, and is brought to this
counti-y from Turkey, (which is probably the best) and also from sev-
eral other countries. It is certainly one of the most valuable drugs in
use, but should not be used indiscriminately. It relieves pain, and is
used with great success for colic and various other diseases.

The dose, is ^ to 1^ drachms.

Oxide of Zinc. This is an inodorous, tasteless, yellowish white
powder, and insoluble in water and in alcohol.

Uses. Given internally it is tonic and antispasmodic. Its principal
use is external, applied to excoriated surfaces, by sprinkling the
powder on the affected part, or, in the form of an ointment, by mix-
ing one drachm oxide of zinc and one ounce of lard. It is used
with good results for scratches, grease heels, and other sores which
have a discharge of a thin fluid. Another good ointment may be made
by adding oxide of zinc to a mixture of shaved castile soap, moistened
with a little water and all thoroughly mixed together. The last mix-
ture is an excellent preparation for scratches and grease heels on horses
which are kept at work, as it can be easily scraped ofi' at night, so that

MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 89

the surface may be cleansed before another application is made for the
night. It allays irritation and is quite soothing to the parts.

Lose. Internally it is given in doses of from ^ to 1 drachm.

Red Iodide of Mercury. (Called also Biniodide of Mercury.)
This is a po^yerful irritant poison, when taken internally, and is now
used only as an external remedy. It is a scarlet-red powder, which, like
other preparations of mercury, is very heavy for its bulk ; not soluble m
water and only slightly so in alcohol. It is held in great repute by
veterinary surgeons for swellings of the glands of the neck, tumors
and unnatural growths of all kmds.

It is used principally with Cantharides mixed with lard, wliich forms
an excellent blister for various purposes. It is not generally used where
it is desired to blister a large surface, as it produces considerable pain.

Rosix, OR Resin. This is the residue left from the distillation of
turpentine, and is used by horsemen quite freely, and oftentimes is the
cause of much mischief, as it is used, to a considerable extent, to cause
the horse to urinate more freely, and the overdoses, so frequently
given, are often the cause of various diseases of the kidney and loins.
The oftener rosin is given the horse, the more he stands in need of it, in
the eyes of the driver. The kidneys become over -worked, he desires to
urinate more frequently and less urine is voided at each time. The mis-
chief is not seen, and the owner hastens to give more rosin, thinking to
remedy the defect that he has been instrumental in producing. It should
be remembered that powerful diuretics, like powerful purgatives, tend
only to weaken and to debilitate. If there be a urinary defect find out
the cause, and, if possible, have it removed, and the effect will cease ;
but do not attempt to do so by force against all science and common
sense.

Sweet Spirits of Nitre. This is generally considered a good house-
hold remedy for fevers, &c. It is used for the horse to increase the ac-
tion of the kidneys : but should not be given too freely in all cases of
supposed inaction of the kidneys.

The dose, is from 1 to 2 ounces, given with a little cold water.

Sulphur. Is a valuable medicine, given internally, for rheumatism,
in doses of i to 2 ounces, and also for various disorders. It is also used
with grand success for skin diseases.

Tar. The tar used in this country is prepared mostly from a species
of pine growing in the Southern States. Tar consists of resinous mat-
ter united with the acetic acid, oil of turpentine and various volatile
empyreumatic products, and colored with charcoal.

Uses. The medical properties of tar are similar to those of the tur-
pentines. It is used occasionally with good results for complaints of
the urinary passages, and also for coughs. Externally it is used for foul

90 MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE.

and indolent sores ; it is also an excellent application to the bottom of the
foot, to soften the hoof when it is too hard and the foot sore. Some
prefer a mixture of glycerine and tar, mixed as follows: take of tar and
glycerine, each, six troy ounces, and of starch, in powder, two drachms;
mix the starch thoroughly with the glycerine, previously warmed, then
add the tar, and heat quickly to 212.^ Strain, if necessary, and stir the
mixture while cooling. Tar should be kept in every horse-shoeing
shop for putting on the foot, usually with cotton batting or oakum, and
having leather nailed on with the shoe.

Dose. 1 to 2 ounces, repeated two or three times a day.

White Vituiol. (Sulphate of Zinc.) This preparation of zinc is a
valual)le medichie, also, for healing sores and wounds. It is used with
good results for healing fresh cuts and v^^ounds, or ulcers, whether they
be healthy or unhealthy, by applying a solution of the following strength,
viz., white vitriol, 1 ounce, soft Avater, one qu:irt. It is also used, with
very good results, in eyevv^aters, and perhaps is one of the very best of
medicines we have for the eye. As we have given two or three receipts
for eyewaters, with the miscellaneous receipts, we refer all who are in-
terested to those.

Dose. When given as a tonic 10 to 15 grains may be given, dissolved
in water. It is used with good results for irritated stomach, loss of
appetite, &;c.

CONTENTS.

CONT

Abdominal Dropsy 3

Abscess of the Brain 3

Abscess of the Lungs 21

Age of the Horse 43

Atroph}^ 37

Baldness 32

Blood Spavin 36

Bots 3

Bog Spavin 35

Bone Spavin 33-63

Breeding 44

Bronchitis • 6

Barns and Scalds 6

Callous 6

Capped Elbow 7

Capped Hock 7

Capped Knee, 7

Cautery, 7

Chronic Bronchitis, 6

Chronic Founder, 16

Chronic Rheumatism, 28

Colic, 8

Corns, 10

-42

-14

20
20
21
24

Curb,

Debility,

Deformities in young colts,

Diarrhoea,

Distemper,

Doses for the Horse, 41-

Dysentery, Acute,

Epizootic,

Experience with bone Spa;Vin,. .

Earcy,

Firing, 7-

Firing Horses,

Flatulent Colic,

Foot diseases,.

Founder,

Fracture,

Frost Bites,

Glanders,

Gravel,

Grease Heels,

Heaves,

Hide-bound,

Hints on food,

Hip-joint Lameness,

Inflammation of Bladder,.

Inflammation of Bovv'^els,

Inflammation of Kidneys,

Inflammation of Stomach,

Influenza,

interfering,

5
24
22
23
23

E N T S .

KendalTs Spavin Cure, 59

KendalTs Sp.avin Cure, ag'ts for 74
Kendall's Spavin Cure, Refer-
ences, 76

Kidneys, disease of. 23

Lnminitis, 15

Lameness, 25

Lampers, 25

Lum brici, 40

Lungs, diseases of, 25

Lung Fever,. 25

Mange, 32

Medicines used for the horse, . . 78

Nasal Gleet, 27

Navicular disease, 27

Occult Spavin 35

Pin-worms, 40

Pleurisy, 27

Pneumonia 25

Poll-evil, 27

Proud Flesh, 27

Qaittor, 27

Receipts, Miscellaneous, ^50

Rheumatism. 28

Ring-bone, 29

Saddle Galls, 80

Scratches SO

Shoe Boil 5

Shoeing,. 46

Slioulder Lameness, 30

Slioulder-joint Lameness, 31

Side Bones, > . 31

Skin Diseases, 31

Sores, 33

Spavin, 33-59-61

Splint,. 36

Sprain, 36

Staggers 36

Stiiiie-joint Lameness, 37

Strangles, 13

Sweeney, 37

Table of doses,. 38

Tenia, 39

Tape worm 39

Testimonials, 65

Thoroughpin,

To Horse Owners, 61

Tumors, 38

Water Farcy 38

Wind Galls, 39

Windy Colic, 9

Worms, 37

Yellow \7aters,. 40

IMPORTANT TO HORSEMEN.

A statement made in 1875, and also one below from the same man in
1879. Read them both.

Bekkshike, Vt., August 30, 1875.
B. J. KENDALL, Dear Sir:

I have found KendalPs Spavin Cure to be of such incalculable
value in curing Spavins on horses that I am free to assist in the spread-
ing of its reputation by recommending it in this public manner. I had
a valuable horse which in some way had a bone spavin come on him
and the bunch grew until it was the size of one-half of a hen's egg. I
never had heanl of your Spavin Cure at this time, but I procured va-
rious other medicines which were said to be sure cures, all of v^'hich I
gave a thorough trial, but none seemed to reach the case at all. I finally
got a bottle of your Spavin Cure and used it as direct(id (only applying
over a space the size of the bunch each time) but as it did not blister
the horse I thought it would not cure him, although I continued to put
it on and after a while turned the horse out to pasture and then only
applied it about every other day. In a sl^ort time a large crust or scab
peeled off which had seemed to work out from the bunch, and then I
could see that the bunch was almost entirely removed. I used the re-
mainder of the bottle and mj^ horse was entirely cured. It has removed
the bunch entirely and now no person can tell any difference in his hind
legs.

I consider it the most wonderful medicine for Spavins that I ever
have known of being used, for the reason that it cures, and without blis-
tering or causing any pain when it is applied ; it removes the bunch
entirely which I never have known being done by any other remedy, and
does not disturb the natural growth of hair or leave any callous, but in
a short time after it has beenleft off no person could tell that any medi-
icine had been applied.

Hoping that this will be the means of benefiting others as it has me
I remain, Yours truly, R. A. Gaines.

Horsemen should read the following statement mad® under oath.

To WHOM IT MAY CONCERN : — In the year 1875 I treated with Ken-
dairs Spavin Cure a bone spavin of several months growth, nearly half
as large as a hen's egg, and completely stopped the lameness and re-
moved the enlargement, so fiir as I can see. I have worked the horse
ever since very hard and he never has been lame, nor could I ever see
any difference in the size of the hock joints since I treated him with
Kendall's Spavin Cure. R. A. Gaines.

Enosburgli Falls, Vt., Feb. 25, 1879. '

Sworn and subscribed to before me, this 25th day of February, A. D.
1879. John G. Jenne.

Justice of the Peace.

KcndalVs Spavin Cure can now be had at nearly every Drug Store,
but if at any time you cannot get it of your druggist or other merchants,
send direct to us as directed on the 74th page of this book. Also consult
pages from 61 to 78th which will be for your advantage if you are inter-
ested in the horse.

THE AMERICAN SHEARER MT'G. CO.,

Manufacturers of Power and Hand

Horse Clipping Machines.

(Centennial Award.)

WE MAKE FCUK POVv^EPv MACHINES.

Prices.

Ko. 1 has a rotary or vibrating

cutler, - - - $75.00
No. 2 has a rotar^'' or vibrating

cntier, - - - 50.00

Ko. 3 has a rotary or vibrating

cutter.

QCr,

.00

No. 4 driven bv air, vibrating

cntier, " - - - 50.00

Extra handles, rotary, complete, 20. GO

" " vibrating, " 18.00

Price of Cutter, - $1.00.
Price of Comb, - - 2.00.

Our hand machines are the best in the market, having the following advantages :
All its parts are made to a gauge and if any part is L'roken or worn out it can he re-
placed at list price.
Each machine is put up in a strong, wooden box.
The combs and cutters are readily detached fi'om the machine.
If prepaid we send by mail without charge for postage.
If the combs and cutters are sent to us by mail, we sharpen and return for 50 cents.

No.
No.
No.
No,
No.
No.
No.
No.

"We make eight grades of hand machines.

5, Plain with two hand 3 inch cutter, - - - $3.75

10, " one hand 21 inch cutter, - - - 2.50

20. " two hand 3 " cutter, - - - 2.75

30, Small two hand, 1| inch cutter, _ - - _ 3.50

40, One hand, 11 inch cutter, _ . _ - - 4.00

40, Improved N. B. 1% inch cutter, . - _ - 5.00

50, The best two h:mded clipper made, - - - 6.00

60, The only good leg clipper made, - - - - 4.00

ashua, N. H., U. S. a., p. O. Box, 1533.

. J. Kendall & Co., are authorized by the company to take orders.

WE WANT AGENTS to sell this book in every
town in the United States and Canada

-^♦^■••^-

It is jriving the very best of satisfaction everj-wlierc, as is evirtent from the hniulreds
of letters received l)j- the publishers, speakiny of it iu the highest of terms; a sample of
which we give below.

The Editor of the " Western Sports:\ian and Live Stock Nkavs," under date of
Jan. 4, 1879, says of it: "It is a book that every owner of a horse should have, and
no breeder of horses ctin aflbrd to Cio witliout. It has o.") engravings illustrating po.- itions
assumed by sick horses, and gives treatment of diseases in such plain and comprehen-
sive language as to be readily undei'stood by any one of ordinary intelligence. We
would not exchange it for any book on the horse and his diseases that we have ever seen,
and we have read some books of the kind that cost ten dollars. It contains a large num-
ber of receipts, any one of which is worth double the price of the work."

Dr. Wm. H. Hat.l, Canandaigua, N. Y., xmder date of Dec. 3d, 1878, says of it:
"I have l)ought books from England that I paid five and ten dollars for, wliich I do
not like as well as I do yours. It is different from anything I ever saw."

Elijah W. Stearxs, of Bedford, Mass., in a letter of recent date, says of it:
" I have examined it v.ith care. There are two wonders respecting it : first, that any
book, however voluminous, containing so much practical common sense matter, of ster-
ling value, could be written; second, that it could be condensed into so small compass.
The book is all gold, so dkoss. By the aid of it any person of ordinary intelligence
can doctor his own horse."

FOR TERMS TO AGENTS,

Address,

Dr, B. J. Kendall & Co., Enosburgh Falls, Vt.

KENDAL

Used with excellent results on beast or man>
It does not blister nor make any sore»

Sold. \yy 33r*Tig- gist's Evei'j^^wliere*

We wish to have it imderstoocl that *' KEXD ALL'S
"^ BLISTER" is entirely diiferent from '' Kendairs Spavin
Care," as the latter does not blister.

^^Sdall's Blister " is an excellent remedy for spavins, (espec-
ially blood or bog spavins), ring-bone, splint, or any smiilar difficulty.
In all bad cases of long standing we think they can be more successful-
Iv treated by the use of " KENDALL'S BLISTER," in connection with
♦'KENDALL'S SPAVIN CURE," (as directed on labels,) than by any
other remedies in use, as many cases which will not yield to any otner
remedies, or to either of these alone, will soon yield to the use of our
Blister followed up by the use of our Spavin Cure, as directed.

Besides our Blister's being a complete remedy when used with the
Spavin Cure, we think it is well adapted to all cases where any blister

would be applicable. ^ -, ' i ^ xi i • a

This blister is not like many, so powerful as to destroy the skm and
other tissues, yet it is very eflective, and we believe the very best prep-
aration, of its kind, which is nov/ in use. ,..,_.. c- •

Although this blister was first designed, to be used with the Spavin
Cure, we^have learned that it works admirably alone, in many cases,
and where parties live at a distance, and cannot find the Spavin Cure
at their stores they can easily obtain our Blister by forwarding us the
price, (S 1.00), and we will send, by return mail, to any address.

Our Blister is put up in tin boxes and can t>e sent by mail with per-
fect safety, to any part of the world. , ,, ^, _

DR. B. J. KENDALL & CO., Eno sburgh lalls, Vermont.

That acts at the same time on

THE LIVER, THE BOWELS, AHD THE KIDNEYS.

These great organs are the natural cleansers of the system. If they work well health
will be perfect; if they become clogged, dreadful diseases are sure to follow, with

TERBIBLE SUFFERING,

Biliousness, Headache, Dyspepsia, Jaundice, Constipation and

Piles; or Kidney Complaints, Grave!, Diabetes, Sediment in

the Urine, Milky or Ropy Urine; or Rheumatic

Pains and aclnes,

are developed because the blood is poisoned with the humors that should have been
expelled naturally.

will restore the natural action and all these destroying evils will be banished— neglect
them and vou will live but to suflcr. Thousands have been cured. Try it, and you will
add one more to the numljer. Taiie it, and health will once more gladden your heart.

Why suffer longer from the torment of an aching bacl< ?

Why bear such distress from Constipation and Piles?

Why be so fearful because of disordered urine?

KIDNEY-WOKT will cure you. Try a package at once and be satisfied.

It is a dry, vegetable compound, and

One package makes six quarts of medicine, containing no spirit, being
prepared in pnre Avater.

Tour Druggist will get it for you. Insist upon having it. Price SI. 00.

LOOK WELL TO YOUR HORSE'S FEET.

These drawings show how many
horses are made lame and permanent-
ly injured by the use of the COLD-CUT
and siiKAKED POINTED nails. Tliis
proeess ofmanulaeture produces lam-
ination, causing the iron to form in
layers, and when driven into the foot
the horny fibres of wiiich the hoof is

compose*] cause tlie nail to separate at the point and one portion passes into the foot.

.No. 4 represents one of these naiis whieli was driven into tlie hoof, and SLIVEUKD in
driving, one thix blade passing into the quick or sensitive sole. No. 5, the thick blade
of the nail passed out of the wall of the hoof for clinching. After a few days the horse
was returned lame, and, upon removal of the shoe, a nail similar to the above was
broken oil", leaving a sliver in the foot; Lockjaw ensued, from which the horse died.
Upon dissecting the foot a portion of the nail was found to have penetrated through the
Cullln bone, as seen in Fig. 2, letter A, thus sacrificing the life of a valuable animal.

As the I'emedy lies with the owner of the horse it is for him to prohibit any cold-rolled
or sheared naiis Ijeing used in his horse's feet. The only Hot-Forged, and. Ham-
nrier-pointed Horse Shoe Nail in the V/orld that is not cut, clipped nor
siiKAUED upon the point and will not split in driving is the FUT2sA31 NA-LL. See that
your horse is shod with tliis nail and avoid all risks.

TMs drawing was made from the nail
taken from the hoof and coffin bone, as
shown bi Figs. 1 and 2.

This dra%A'ing was made from a nail,
showing the lamination of iron in the

COLD-ROLLED AND SHEARING prOCeSS.

Every Putnam nail is drawn down to a point from the rod, thus ;

The illustrations of the Putnam Nails are very interesting, as showing the superiority
of the nails made by the hot-forged process. The slivering of inferior nails, we are as-
sured, is not overdrawn, and what instruments of torture such jagged iron must be to
the sensitive foot of the horse can be imagined. The recommendations of these Nails,
signed by W. H. H. Murray, Robert Bonner, and Budd Doble, speak for themselves,
and coidd be indefinitely reduplicated.- T/te Spirit of the Times, Neio York, November
8, 1879.

We address these lines to HORSE 0^^T:RS, because they are the parties most vital-
ly interested. We feel assured that, after knowing the facts, and giving the subject due
consideration, they will, in company with such gentleiuen as Messrs. CONNER, MUR-
RAY, CIIAS. S. GREEN, BUDD DOBLE, JAS. G. BREEZE, and many other CELL-
BRATED JUDGES OF HORSES, INSIST that their horses must be shod with the
Putnam Hot Forged and Hammer Pointed Nail. A few months' trial will always
convince.

P. O. Address, THE PUTNAM NAIL COMPANY.

, Tvr .. BOSTON.

Neponset, Mass.

».

Mr. Batten's imported Orloff, "SOBOL."

This fine Connecticut horse, owned in Norfolk, was lately imported by his o-^-ner to
supply the demand for a park or phaeton horse that should possess the requisites of size
beautv of form, stvlish action, power and endurance. He is 15 3-4 hands high, black,
with three white feet, rather light juane, and a tail of fair proportions. He is a Russian
horse, foaled in 1870, and came from the stud of a Russian' Count. His movement in a
carriage is easy, gi-aceful, without the least chafing or friction, and he can be easily
driven br a ladv. But the power and endurance that lies dormant under ortlinary usage
is brought out to surprise the beholder if the horse is allowed the stimulus of a short
trial of speed. Sobol is represented as appropriate in the easy movement suited to the
carriage, where his stepping shows him to advantage.

HORSE SUSPENDING SLING.

This cut shows the best way
to make a sling to suspend a
horse while treating a fracture,
or for any other purpose for
wliich a sling is used.

They can be made at a mod-
erate expense; or we can usu-
ally furnish them, if desired, for
$20.00, without pulleys and
ropes.

i ..^.