THE 
 
 ANNALS OF MANCHESTER: 
 
 A CHRONOLOGICAL EECOKD 
 
 FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE END OF 1885. 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 WILLIAM E. A. AXON. 
 
 JOHN HEYW( 
 
 DeaNSGATE AND RlDGEFIKLD, .M \ ' ■ 
 
 AMi 1 I, P I , i I B : INUS, 
 
 LONDON.
 
 DA 
 ) 
 
 TO 
 
 GEORGE MILNER, 
 
 President of the Manchester Literary Chtb, 
 
 WHO HAS EARNED AN HONOURED PLACE AMONGST MANCHESTER WORTHIES 
 
 OF THE PRESENT, THIS RECORD OF THE WORK OF THE 
 
 MANCHESTER WORTHIES OF THE PAST 
 
 IS DEDICATED.
 
 PEEFACE. 
 
 THE volume now offered to the public, as a revised edition of the Man- 
 chester Historical Recorder, is virtually a new work, owing to the 
 many changes and additions that have been made by the present editor. 
 The book in its different editions has had a curious history. The utility 
 of a concise chronological record of Manchester history appears first to have been 
 practically recognised by James Butterworth, whose Tabula Mancuniensis—& 
 mere pamphlet — appeared in 1829. The next effort was made by William Ford, 
 and then — ten years later — Mr. Charles Henry Timperley, a man of great 
 industry and wide reading, compiled the Annals of Manchester, a little book 
 which is highly to be commended for its usefulness. Various editions have 
 since appeared, bringing down the record to a later period, but without any 
 attempt at systematic revision or the incorporation of the abundance of fresh 
 material amassed by the labours of subsequent investigators. The following 
 list is the completest I have been able to make of the forerunners of the present 
 volume :— 
 
 Tabula Mancuniensis ; or a Chronological Table of Events, comprising 
 within the compass of a few pages the history of the town and neighbourhood 
 of Manchester, from the remotest period to the present time. . . . By James 
 Butterworth. . . . Manchester : Printed by J. Bradshaw, 34, Church Street, 
 1829 ; 8vo pp. 16. 
 
 In the Manchester Free Library there is a little book, believed to be unique, 
 with a MS. title : Ford's Chronological Series of Events in Manchester, 1833. 
 This is made up of proof slips and cuttings from the Stockport Advertiser, in 
 which the articles appeared. The dates are 1301-1822 inclusive. This work of 
 William Ford's does not appear to have been published, but may have formed 
 the basis of Timperley's Annals. 
 
 Annals of Manchester: Biographical, Historical, Ecclesiastical, and 
 Commercial, from the earliest period to the close of the year 1S39. By C. H. 
 Timperley. Manchester : Bancks and Co., Exchange Street, 1839. ISino, pp. 108. 
 
 The Manchester Historical Recorder : or a concise Biographical, Ecclesi' 
 astical, and Commercial History of the Rise and Progress of the lown and 
 Neighbourhood, from the earliest period to the close of tin //< ar 1845. By a 
 Native of the Town. Manchester : Horsefield and Davies, Printers, Riding's 
 Court, St. Mary's Gate and Deansgate. 18mo, pp. iv. 156. This is described in 
 the preface as the second edition. 
 
 Records Historical, Municipal, Ecclesiastical, Biographical, Commercial, 
 and Statistical of Manchester, from the earliest period, revised and corrected 
 to the present time. By E. Waugh and T. Fawcett. Published for the Pro- 
 prietors by F. Wilde, 9, Half Street, and James Ainsworth, 93, Piccadilly, 
 Manchester; Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., London, 1851. 18mo. vi., 174. 
 
 The Manchester Historical Recorder: being an Analysis of the Municipal,
 
 iv Preface. 
 
 Ecclesiastical, Biographical, Commercial, and Statistical History of Man- 
 chester from the earliest period, chronologically arranged. Revised and 
 corrected to the present time. Manchester : John Heywood, 141 and 143' 
 Deansgate. London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., 1874. 
 
 Those who have the curiosity to compare this new edition with its prede- 
 cessors will find that the greater portion has been completely rewritten, and 
 that in every page there have been alterations and corrections. It is impossible 
 in a volume dealing with such a mass of dates and data to avoid mistakes, but 
 it is hoped that the care that has been exercised will have prevented any serious 
 errors. Several of the proof sheets have been read by Mr. J. E. Bailey, F.S.A., 
 and Mr. C. W. Sutton, whose kindness for this service and for various useful 
 suggestions I gratefully acknowledge. Mr. David Kelly, of Stretford, kindly 
 placed an annotated copy of the Recorder at my disposal, and has also favoured 
 me with various items of information. Mr. Robert Wood, of Rusholme, also 
 lent me his annotated copy. The custodians of the various public libraries of 
 Manchester and Salford have treated me with great indulgence, and I have 
 also to return cordial acknowledgments to Dr. Richard Garnett, of the British 
 Museum. 
 
 The history of Manchester is important, not only to its citizens but to all 
 those who care to trace the development of modern civilisation. Its greatness 
 in the present century sometimes leads to forgetfulness of the fact that it is 
 one of the oldest communities in the land, and has had an unbroken existence 
 from Roman and pre-Roman days. The long chain of events which have trans- 
 formed the ancient village into one of the greatest commercial centres of the 
 world are not only important in this connection, but are also interesting in 
 themselves. The annals of the city and district contain many quaint, 
 picturesque, and romantic incidents. 
 
 The Annals of Manchester attempts to give, in chronological order, a brief 
 and pithy analysis of the history of Manchester from the earliest times to the 
 present day. The sale of several successive issues of the Manchester Historical 
 Recorder has sufficiently shown the value and usefulness of such 'a manual. 
 This edition contains, it is hoped, the most essential data in regard to the 
 general, ecclesiastical, municipal, and commercial history of Manchester and 
 Salford. Statistical information has been included, and biographical sketches 
 given of the worthies of the place. 
 
 The arrangement by dates has been retained, as affording the greatest 
 facility for research, whilst not materially interfering with a general view of 
 the changes, social, national, religious, and commercial, in which Manchester 
 has had a share, and often an important one. In this way the reader has 
 brought before him the prehistoric settlement ; the Roman station ; the Saxon 
 village ruined by the Danes ; the Norman barony ; the mediaeval manor ; the 
 early manufacturing town ; the Puritan stronghold where the first blood of the 
 Civil Wars was shed ; the town which gave so many to the fatal rebellion of 
 1745 ; and the busy district which saw the rise of the modern cotton trade and 
 the development of the factory system. 
 
 Particulars are also given of the struggle for local government, parliamen- 
 tary reform, free trade, and the other great changes of the present century, to 
 which Manchester has contributed in so large a measure.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 MANCHESTER, the great centre of the cotton manufacture, is a corporate 
 and Parliamentary borough, and was elevated to the dignity of a city in 
 1847, by being constituted the see of a bishop, and by royal proclamation in 
 1853. It is situated on the river Irwell, in the hundred of Salford, and county 
 of Lancaster, and is distant from London 188 miles by the London and North- 
 western Railway, 189 by the Midland, 1881 by the Great Northern, and 3H 
 from the port of Liverpool. According to the census of 1881, the municipal 
 borough of Manchester contained 341,414 inhabitants, and the Parliamentary 
 borough, which includes the townships of Harpurhey, Newton, Bradford, and 
 Beswick, contained 393,585. In 1885 the city boundary was extended to include 
 Rusholme, Bradford, and Harpurhey, and the population of the municipal 
 borough was thus raised to 373,583, and of the Parliamentary borough to 
 404,823. The limits of the municipal and Parliamentary borough of Salford 
 are identical, and the population at the census of 1881 was 176,235. 
 
 The following outline of the history of the city is condensed from an 
 article contributed to the Encyclopaedia Britannica by the editor of this 
 volume : — 
 
 Very little is known with certainty of the early history of Manchester. It 
 has, indeed, been conjectured, and with some probability, that at Castlefield 
 there was a British fortress, which was afterwards taken possession of by 
 Agricola. It is, at all events, certain that a Roman station of some importance 
 existed in this locality, and a fragment of the wall still exists. The period 
 succeeding the Roman occupation is for some time legendary. As late as the 
 17th century there was a floating tradition that Tarquin, an enemy of King 
 Arthur, kept the castle of Manchester, and was killed by Launcelot of the 
 Lake. Early mention of the town, in authentic annals, is scanty. It was 
 probably one of the scenes of the missionary preaching of Paulinus ; and it is 
 said (though by a chronicler of comparatively late date) to have been the 
 residence of Ina, King of Wessex, and his queen Ethelberga, after he had 
 defeated Ivor, somewhere about the year 089. Nearly the only point of certainty 
 in its history before the Conquest is that it suffered greatly from the devasta- 
 tions of the Danes, and that in 923 Edward, who was then at Thelwall, near 
 "Warrington, sent a number of his Mercian troops to repair and garrison it. In 
 Domesday Book, Manchester, Salford, Rochdale, and Radcliffe are the only 
 places named in South-East Lancashire, a district now covered by populous 
 towns. Large portions of it were then forest, wood, and waste lands. Twenty- 
 one thanes held the manor of Salford among them. The church of St. Mary 
 and the church of St. Michael, in Manchester, are both named in Domcsda j . 
 and some difficulty has arisen as to their proper identification. Most anti- 
 quaries have considered that the passage refers to the town only, whilst others
 
 vi Introduction. 
 
 think it relates to the parish, and that, while St. Mary's is the present Manches- 
 ter Cathedral, St. Michael's would be the present parish church of Ashton-under 
 Lyne. Manchester and Salford are so closely allied that it is impossible to 
 disassociate their history. Salford received a charter from Ranulph de 
 Blundeville, in the reign of Henry III., constituting it a free borough, and 
 Manchester, in 1301, received a similar warrant of municipal liberties and 
 privileges, from its baron, Thomas Gresley, a descendant of one to whom the 
 manor had been given by Roger of Poictou, who was created by William the 
 Conqueror lord of all the land between the rivers Mersey and Ribble. The 
 Gresleys were succeeded by the De la Warres, the last of whom was educated 
 for the priesthood, and became rector of the town. To avoid the evil of a non- 
 resident clergy, he made considerable additions to the lands of the church, in 
 order that it might be endowed as a collegiate institution. A sacred guild was 
 thus formed, whose members were bound to perform the necessary services of 
 the parish church, and to whom the old baronial hall was granted as a place of 
 residence. The manorial rights passed to Sir Reginald West, the son of Joan 
 Greslet, and he was summoned to Parliament as Baron de la Warre. The 
 West family, in 1579, sold the manorial rights for £3,000 to John Lacy, who, in 
 159G, resold them to Sir Nicholas Mosley, whose descendants enjoyed the 
 emoluments and profits derived from them until 1845, when they were 
 purchased by the Town Council of Manchester for £200,000. The lord 
 of the manor had the right to tax and toll all articles brought for sale into the 
 market of the town ; but, though the inhabitants were thus to a large extent 
 taxed for the benefit of one individual, they had a far greater amount of local self- 
 government than might have been supposed, and the Court Leet, which was the 
 governing body of the town, had, though doubtless in a somewhat rudimentary 
 form, nearly all the powers and functions now possessed by municipal corpora- 
 tions. This court had not only control over the watching and watering of the 
 town, the regulation of the water supply, and the cleaning of the streets, but 
 also had power, which at times was used freely, of interfering with what 
 would now be considered the private liberty of their fellow-citizens. Some of 
 the regulations adopted, and presumably enforced, sound grotesque at the 
 present day. Under the protection of the barons the town appears to have 
 steadily increased in prosperity, and it early became an important seat of the 
 textile manufactures. Fulling mills were at work in the 13th century ; and 
 documentary evidence exists to show that woollen manufactures were carried 
 on in Ancoats at that period. An Act passed in the reign of Edward VI. regu- 
 lates the length of cottons called Manchester, Lancashire, and Cheshire cottons. 
 These, notwithstanding their name, were probably all woollen textures. It is 
 thought that some of the Flemish weavers who were introduced into England 
 by Queen Philippa of Hainault were settled at Manchester ; and Fuller has given 
 an exceedingly quaint and picturesque description of the manner in which these 
 artisans were welcomed by the inhabitants of the country they were about to 
 enrich with a new industry, one which, in after centuries, has become perhaps 
 the most important industry in the country. The Flemish weavers were, in 
 all probability, reinforced by religious refugees from the Low Countries. 
 Leland, writing in 1638, decribes Manchester as the "fairest, best builded, 
 quickest, and most populous town of Lancashire." In 1641 we hear of 
 the Manchester people purchasing linen yarn from the Irish, weaving it,
 
 Introduction. vii 
 
 and returning it for sale in a finished state. They also brought cotton wool 
 from Smyrna to work into fustians and dimities. The right of sanctuary 
 had been granted to the town, but this was found to be so detrimental to its 
 industrial pursuits that, after very brief experience, the privilege was taken 
 away. The college of Manchester was dissolved in 1547, but was re-founded in 
 Mary's reign. Under her successor the town became the head-quarters of 
 the commission for establishing the reformed religion. In the civil wars the 
 town was besieged by the Royalists under Lord Strange, but was successfully 
 defended by the inhabitants under the command of a German soldier of 
 fortune, Colonel Rosworm, who complained with some bitterness of their 
 ingratitude to him. An earlier affray between the Puritans and some of Lord 
 Strange's followers is said to have occasioned the shedding of the first blood 
 in the disastrous struggle between the King and Parliament. The year 1089 
 witnessed that strange episode, the trial of those concerned in the so-called Lan- 
 cashire plot, which ended in the triumphant acquittal of the supposed Jacobites. 
 That the district really contained many ardent sympathisers with the Stuarts 
 was, however, shown in the rising of 1715, when the clergy ranged themselves to 
 a large extent on the side of the Pretender, and was still more clearly shown in 
 the rebellion of 1745, when the town was taken possession of by Prince Charles 
 Edward Stuart, and a regiment, known afterwards as the Manchester regiment, 
 was formed and placed under the command of Colonel Francis Townley. In 
 the fatal retreat of the Stuart troops the Manchester contingent was left to 
 garrison Carlisle, and surrendered to the Duke of Cumberland. The officers 
 were taken to London, where they were tried for high treason and beheaded on 
 Kennington Common. The variations of political action in Manchester had 
 been exceedingly well marked. In the 16th century, although it produced 
 both Catholic and Protestant martyrs, it was earnestly in favour of the 
 reformed faith, and in the succeeding century it became indeed a stronghold 
 of Puritanism. Yet the descendants of the Roundheads, who defeated the 
 army of Charles I., were Jacobite in their sympathies, and by the latter half of 
 the 18th century had become imbued with the aggressive form of patriotic 
 sent iment known as Anti- Jacobinism, which showed itself chiefly in dislike of 
 reform and reformers of every description. A change was, however, imminent. 
 The distress caused by war and taxation, towards the end of the last and the 
 beginning of the present century, led to bitter discontent, and the anomalies 
 existing in the Parliamentary system of representation afforded only too fair 
 an object of attack. While single individuals in some portions of the country, 
 had the power to return members of Parliament for their pocket boroughs, 
 great towns like Manchester were entirely without representation. The 
 injudicious conduct of the authorities, also, led to an increase in the bitterness 
 with which the working classes regarded the condition of society in which 
 they found themselves compelled to toil with very little profit to themselves. 
 Their expressions of discontent, instead of being wisely regarded as symptoms 
 of disease in the body politic, were looked upon as crimes, and the severesl 
 efforts were made to repress all expression of dissatisfaction. This foolish 
 policy of the authorities reached its culmination in the affair of Peterloo, 
 which may be regarded as the starting point of the modern Reform agitation. 
 This was in 1819, when an immense crowd assembled on St. Peter's FiekU (l-ovt
 
 Vlll 
 
 Introduction. 
 
 covered by the Free Trade Hall and warehouses) to petition Parliament for a 
 redress in their grievances. The authorities had the Riot Act read, but in such 
 manner as to be quite unheard by the mass of the people, and drunken 
 yeomanry cavalry were then turned loose upon the unresisting mass' of 
 spectators. The yeomanry appear to have used their sabres somewhat freely ; 
 several people were killed and many more injured, and although the magistrates 
 received the thanks of the Prince Regent and the ministry, their conduct excited 
 the deepest indignation throughout the entire country. Naturally enough, the 
 Manchester politicians took an important part in the reform agitation, and 
 when the Act of 1832 was passed, the town sent as its representatives the 
 Right Hon. C. P. Thomson, Vice-President of the Board of Trade, and Mr. Mark 
 Philips. With one notable exception, this was the first time that Manchester 
 had been represented in Parliament since its barons had seats in the House of 
 Peers in the earlier centuries. In 1654 Mr. Charles Worsley and in 1656 Mr. 
 R. Radcliffe were nominated to represent it in Cromwell's Parliaments. "Worsley 
 was a man of great ability, and must ever have a conspicuous place in history 
 as the man who carried out the injunction of the Protector to "remove that 
 bauble," the mace of the House of Commons. The agitation for the repeal of 
 the corn-laws had its head-quarters at Manchester, and the success which 
 attended it, not less than the active interest taken by its inhabitants in public 
 questions, has made the city the home of various projects of reform. The 
 "United Kingdom Alliance for the Suppression of the Liquor Traffic" was 
 founded there in 1853, and during the continuance of the American war the 
 adherents both of the North and of the South deemed it desirable to have 
 organisations to influence public opinion in favour of their respective causes 
 A charter of incorporation was granted in 1838; a bishop was appointed in 
 1817 ; and the town became a city in 1853. The Lancashire cotton famine, 
 caused by the civil war in America, produced much distress in the Manchester 
 district, and led to a national movement to help the starving operatives. The 
 relief operations then organised are amongst the most remarkable efforts of 
 modern philanthropy. 
 
 The spinning of cotton and the manufacture of various fabrics from that 
 article are the staple of the Manchester district. There are also calico-printing 
 works, in a wide circuit round Manchester, of great magnitude, and the ware- 
 houses established in the city in connection therewith are of corresponding 
 extent ; while the bleach and dye works, for miles round, furnish employment 
 to numerous hands. The manufacture of an infinite variety of articles com- 
 prised in the general term of " smallwares" engages a large amount of capital, 
 and many of the mills are of large dimensions. Ironfounding and the manu- 
 facture of stationary and locomotive steam engines, together with machine and 
 tool making, are branches of great importance, employing immense power and 
 expenditure. Many chemical works are on an extensive scale, and in the 
 vicinity are paper mills. The merchants and manufacturers of Manchester 
 have commercial relations with all parts of the world. 
 
 Manchester contains some fine public buildings, the most noteworthy 
 being the Royal Exchange, Assize Courts, Royal Infirmary, Free Trade 
 Hall. Royal Institution, the Town Hall, the Owens College, and the Post 
 Office. The new Town Hall is one of the most spacious and elegant struc-
 
 Introduction. ix 
 
 tures in Europe, and is probably the largest in the world devoted to civic 
 purposes. Besides public edifices, there are many warehouses of gigantic size, 
 foremost among which stands the magnificent warehouse of Messrs. S. and J_ 
 Watts. Many new streets have been formed of late years, and others widened 
 for the immense traffic constantly passing along them. Nearly in the centre 
 of the city is Albert Square, in which stands the new Town Hall and the 
 memorial erected to the late Prince Consort. Deansgate, an ancient thorough- 
 fare of many centuries' existence, has been transformed into a broad and 
 handsome street. 
 
 The charitable institutions of the city are numerous, affording relief and 
 consolation to the poor and indigent. The educational machinery of Man- 
 chester and Salford ranges from excellent elementary schools to the Victoria 
 University, empowered to grant degrees alike to men and women. Schools 
 for the Deaf and Dumb and an Asylum for the Blind are likewise provided ; 
 whilst the foundations of Bishop Oldham, Humphrey Chetham, and Benjamin 
 Nicholls remain as monuments worthy of imitation. 
 
 The government of Manchester, previous to the charter of incorporation 
 being granted, was vested in a boroughreeve, two constables, and other 
 officers, elected or appointed at the Court Leet of the Lord of the Manor. The 
 corporate body, under the municipal charter, consisted of a mayor, fifteen 
 aldermen, and forty-eight councillors. This number has increased, since the 
 incorporation of Rusholme, Bradford, and Harpurhey into the city, to nineteen 
 aldermen and fifty-seven councillors. The first election took place on the 14th 
 December, 1838, and on the loth Mr. Thomas Potter, afterwards knighted, was 
 elected to the civic chair, and the following year le-elected. A stipendiary 
 magistrate sits daily at the City Court, Minshull Street, for the disposing of 
 petty offences, or committal to the sessions or assizes of more serious offenders. 
 Salford also has a stipendiary magistrate, who sits at the Town Hall. Assizes 
 are held thrice during the year, and sessions every six weeks.
 
 APPENDICES TO INTBODUCTION. 
 
 LIST OF THE BOROUGHRBEVES OP MANCHESTER. 
 
 1552-3 Robert Becke (d. between Sept. 30, 
 1556, and April 21, 1557). 
 
 1553-4 
 
 1554-5 Nicholas Sydall. 
 
 1555-6 William Hardey (d. between Sept. 30 
 and March 29, 1556). 
 
 1556-7 Peter Cowopp. 
 
 1557-8 Richard Owen. 
 
 1558-9 
 1559-60 John Gee (d. 1589). 
 
 1560-1 Richard Galley. 
 
 1561-2 Thomas Harrison. 
 
 1562-3 Edward Rilstone. 
 
 1563-4 Thomas Willott. 
 
 1564-5 
 
 1565-6 George Pendleton (draper). 
 
 1566-7 James Chorlton. 
 
 1567-8 John Davy. 
 
 1568-9 Christopher Grant. 
 1569-70 Edward Hanson. 
 
 1570-1 Ralph Proudlove. 
 
 1 571-2 William B iguley. 
 
 1572-3 John Birch. 
 
 1573-4 John Radcliffe. 
 
 1574-5 Humfrey Haughton. 
 
 1575-6 George Birch. 
 
 1576-7 John Gee. 
 
 1577-8 John Gee. 
 1578-9 Robert Langley. 
 1579-SO Thomas Goodier. 
 
 15S0-1 Henry Gee. 
 
 1581-2 Thomas Becke (son of Robert). 
 
 1582-3 Henry Pendleton. 
 15S3-4 George Travis, sen. 
 1584-5 George Proudlove. 
 1585-6 Richard Sorocold. 
 15S6-7 Robert Langley. 
 1587-8 Roger Hardey. 
 1588-9 Roger Bexwick. 
 15S9-90 Richard Moreton. 
 1590-1 George Travis. 
 1591-2 Anthony Mosley. 
 1592-3 John Gee. 
 1593-4 Humfrey Haughton. 
 1594-5 Robert Langley. 
 1595-6 George Tipping. 
 1596-7 Oswald Moseley. 
 
 1597-S Thomas Goodier, sen. 
 159S-9 Richard Nugent. 
 
 1599-1600 Richard Fox. 
 1600-1 Nicholas Hartley. 
 1601-2 William Radcliffe. 
 1602-3 Robert Langley. 
 
 1603-4 George Tipping. 
 
 1604 Alexander Radclyffe (to Easter, 1606). 
 April 
 1606 Robert Goodier (to October). 
 Oct. 
 
 1606-7 William Stanley. 
 
 1607-8 Oswald Mosley, jun. 
 
 1608-9 Francis Pendilton. 
 1609-10 Lawrence Langley. 
 1610-11 Adam Smith. 
 1611-12 Robert Robinson. 
 1612-13 William Radclyffe. 
 1613-14 Thomas Brownsword. 
 1614-15 Francis Mosley. 
 1615-16 William Spark. 
 161617 Francis Pendleton. 
 1617-1S Alexander Radclyffe. 
 1618-19 James Fox. 
 1619-20 Richard Fox. 
 
 1620-1 Edward Marler. 
 
 1621-2 Stephen Radley. 
 
 1622-3 William Radclyffe. 
 
 1623-4 Henry Keley. 
 
 1624-5 Henry Johnson. 
 
 1625-6 Thomas Lancashire. 
 
 1626-7 Richard Halliwell. 
 
 1627-S James Fox. 
 
 1628-9 George Clarke. 
 1629-30 William Cooke. 
 
 1630-1 John Hartley. 
 
 1631-2 Rowland Mosley. 
 
 1632-3 William Bell. 
 
 1633-4 John Beswick. 
 
 1634-5 John ftfarler. 
 
 1635-6 Francis Mosley. 
 
 1636-7 Samuel Tipping. 
 
 1637-8 John Radclyffe. 
 
 1638-9 Edward Johnson. 
 1639-40 Geoffrey Croxton. 
 
 1640-1 Michael Dickonson. 
 
 The Records are missing from 1641 to 1647.
 
 Appendices to Introduction. 
 
 XI 
 
 B0R0UGHREEVE3 OF 
 
 Oct. 
 
 1647-8 Thomas Lancashire. 
 1648-9 John Marler. 
 
 April 
 1650 Nicholas Hawett. 
 
 Oct. 
 1650-1 Edward Johnson. 
 1651-2 Richard Radcliffe, Esq. 
 1652-3 William Jackson. 
 1653-4 Henry Dickonson. 
 1654-5 Robert Marler. 
 1655-6 James Lancashire. 
 1656-7 Michael Buxton. 
 1657-S William Byroni (of Manchester, at. 43, 
 
 1664). 
 1658-9 Thomas Illingworth. 
 
 April 
 1660 Henry Dickonson. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 1660-1 Robert Hill. 
 1661-2 Nicholas Mosley. 
 1662-3 Thomas Becke. 
 1663-4 John Lightbowne, Esq. 
 1664-5 Richard Meare. 
 1665-6 John Hartley, Esq. 
 The Records are missing from 1666 to 166S. 
 1669-70 Michael Buxton. 
 1670-1 John Alexander. 
 1671-2 John Holbrooke. 
 1672-3 Edward Bootle. 
 1673-4 John Moxon. 
 
 1674-5 Joseph Higham. 
 
 1675-6 Humfrey Marler. 
 
 1676-7 John Sandiford. 
 
 1677-8 Richard Fox. 
 
 1678-9 Samuel Dickonson. 
 1679-SO William Hunter. 
 
 1680-1 William Byrom. 
 
 1681-2 Laurence Gardner. 
 
 1682-3 
 
 1683-4 Thomas Shawe. 
 
 1684-5 Matthew Bootle. 
 
 10S5-6 
 
 16S6-7 Robert Illingworth. 
 
 The Records are missing from 1GS7 to 1730. 
 
 1731-2 Jeremiah Bradshaw. 
 
 1732-3 Richard Davenport. 
 
 1733-4 Robert Bowker. 
 
 1734-5 Thomas Birch. 
 
 1735-6 Richard Millington. 
 
 1736-7 Jonathan Lees. 
 
 1737-S James Edge. 
 
 1738-9 Edward Byrom. 
 1739-40 Samuel Clowes (of Broughton, d. July, 
 1773). 
 
 17401 Roger Sedgwick. 
 
 1741-2 John Stott. 
 
 1742-3 John Stockport. 
 
 1743-4 Jeremiah Bower. 
 
 MANCHESTER— Continued. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 1744-5 John Hawks well. 
 
 1745-6 John Fielden. 
 
 1746-7 Abraham Hawarth. 
 
 1747-8 William Clowes. 
 
 1748-9 Miles Bower. 
 1749-50 John Dickenson. 
 
 1750-1 Robert Livesey. 
 
 1751-2 John Moss. 
 
 1752-3 Thomas Johnson. 
 
 1753-4 Samuel Ridings. 
 
 1754-5 Joseph Alexander. 
 
 1755-6 Jonathan Patten. 
 
 1756-7 Thomas Parrott. 
 
 1757-8 Thomas Tipping, sen. 
 
 175S-9 James Greatrex. 
 1759-60 John Markland. 
 
 1760-1 Thomas Battersbee. 
 
 1761-2 Edward Byrom. 
 
 1762-3 Thomas Chadwick. 
 
 1763-4 Thomas Tipping. 
 
 1704-5 John Hardman. 
 
 1765-6 James Hodson. 
 
 1766-7 Charles Ford. 
 
 1767-8 James Borron. 
 
 1768-9 William Edge. 
 1769-70 Robert Gartside. 
 
 1770-1 Samuel Clowes, jun. (d. January 
 1801, son of Samuel, 1739). 
 
 1771-2 Thomas Stott. 
 
 1772-3 John Heywood. 
 
 1773-4 Edward Borron. 
 
 1774-5 Benjamin Bower. 
 
 1775-6 Thomas Marriott. 
 
 1776-7 Daniel Whitaker. 
 
 1777-8 Joseph Ryder. 
 
 177S-9 William Bullock. 
 1779-80 Thomas Chadwick. 
 
 17S0-1 Benjamin Luke Winter. 
 
 1781-2 Nathaniel Philips. 
 
 1782-3 Lawrence Gardner. 
 
 1783-4 Thomas Johnson. 
 
 1784-5 William Houghton. 
 
 17S5-6 Thomas Starkio. 
 
 17S6-7 John Kearsley. 
 
 17S7-S George Barton. 
 
 17SS-9 James Billings. 
 1789-90 Edward Place. 
 
 1790-1 Thomas Walker. 
 
 1791-2 Nathan Crompton. 
 
 17'.'l*-;; JamPS Ackers. 
 
 1793-4 James Entwistlo. 
 
 17'.'4-5 Thomas Richardson. 
 
 1795-6 Henry Farrington. 
 
 1796-7 Joseph Hardman. 
 
 1797-s John Poole. 
 
 179S-9 William Myers. 
 1799-1S0O Charles Frederick Br 
 1 S00-1 John Tetlow.
 
 Xll 
 
 Appendices to Introduction. 
 
 BOROUGHREEVES OF MANCHESTER— Continued. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 1801-2 
 
 1S02-3 
 
 1S03-4 
 
 1S04-5 
 
 1805-6 
 
 1S06-7 
 
 1807-8 
 
 1S0S-9 
 
 1S09-10 
 
 1S10-11 
 
 1811-12 
 
 1812-13 
 
 1813-14 
 
 1S14-15 
 
 1815-16 
 
 1816-17 
 
 1817-18 
 
 1S1S-19 
 
 1S19-20 
 
 1S20-1 
 
 1S21-2 
 
 1822-3 
 
 1823-4 
 
 Joseph Tliackery 
 Samuel Smith. 
 Edward Hobson. 
 James Hibbert. 
 William Fox. 
 Joseph Seddon. 
 William Starkie. 
 Richard Rushworth. 
 John Ratcliffe. 
 Thomas Fosbrooke. 
 Richard Wood. 
 Jeremiah Fielding. 
 Thomas Hardman. 
 Hugh Hornby Birley. 
 Wm. Johnson Edensor. 
 Joseph Green. 
 T. Scholes Withington. 
 Edward Clayton. 
 Thomas Sharp. 
 James Brierley. 
 The same reappointed. 
 Thomas Worthington. 
 Gilbert Winter. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 1S24-5 S. Grimshaw. 
 
 1S25-6 WiUiam Lomas. 
 
 1826-7 George Neden. 
 
 1827-8 Charles Cross. 
 
 1S28-9 David Bannerman. 
 1829-30 Bulkeley Price. 
 
 1830-1 James Burt. 
 
 1831-2 Benjamin Braidley. 
 
 1832-3 The same reappointed. 
 
 1833-4 R. C. Sharp. 
 
 1S34-5 Edmund Buckley. 
 
 1S35-6 John Macvicar. 
 
 1S36-7 John Hyde. 
 
 1837-8 John Brown. 
 
 1838-9 Thomas Evans. 
 1839-40 John Brooks. 
 
 1S40-1 David Ainsworth. 
 
 1841-2 Richard Birley. 
 
 1842-3 John Woollam. 
 
 1S43-4 The same reappointed. 
 
 1S44-5 John Burgess. 
 
 1845-6 Alexander Kay, the last Borough- 
 reeve of Manchester. 
 
 LIST OP THE MAYORS OF MANCHESTER. 
 
 1. Sir Thomas Potter, Knight (died March 20, 1845) 183S-9, 1839-40 
 
 2. William Nield (died April 4, 1S64) 1840-1, 1841-2 
 
 3. James Kershaw, M.P. Stockport (died April 27, 1S64) 1 842-3 
 
 4. * Alexander Kay (died May 16, 1863) 1843-4, 1844-5 
 
 5. William Benjamin Watkins (died June 24, 1864) 1845-6 
 
 6. Sir Elkanah Armitage, Knight (died November 26, 1S76) 1846-7, 1847-S 
 
 7. Sir John Potter, Knight, M.P. (died October 25, 1S5S) 1848-9, 1849-50, 1S50-51 
 
 8. Robert Barnes (died December 25, 1871) 1851-2, 1852-3 
 
 9. Benjamin Nicholls (died March 1, 1S77) 1853-4, 1854-5 
 
 10. Sir James Watts, Knight (died April 6, 1S7S) 1855-6, 1856-7 
 
 11. Ivie Mackie (died February 23, 1S73) 1857-8, 1858-9, 1859-60 
 
 12. Matthew Curtis 1S60-1, 1875-6 
 
 13. Thomas Goadsby (died February 16, 1S66) 1861-2 
 
 14. Abel Hey wood 1862-3, 1S76-7 
 
 15. John Marsland Bennett 1863-4, 1864-5 
 
 16. William Bowker (died April 7, 1S6S) 1865-6 
 
 17. Robert Neill 1866-7, 1867-8 
 
 18. John Grave 186S-9, 1869-70, 1870-1 
 
 19. William Booth (died September 16, 1883) 1871-2, 1872-3 
 
 20. Alfred Watkin (died June 23, 1875) 1873-4 
 
 21. John King, jun 1874-5 
 
 22. Charles Sydney Grundy 1877-8, 1878-9 
 
 23. Henry Patteson 1879-80 
 
 24. Sir Thomas Baker, Knight (died April 17, 1SS6) 1880-1, 1S81-2 
 
 25. John Hopkinson 1SS2-3 
 
 26. Philip Goldschmidt 1SS3-4 
 
 27. John James Harwood 1884-5 
 
 28. Philip Goldschmidt 1885-6 
 
 * Last Boroughreeve.
 
 Appendices to Introduction. 
 
 xm 
 
 LIST OF THE BOROUGHREEVES OP SALFORD. 
 
 1732 Peter Gueat. 
 
 1733 Richard Berry. 
 
 J^5 | Charles Bramwell. 
 
 1736 Adam Crouchley. 
 
 1737 John Wilcoxon. 
 173S Roger Nield. 
 
 1739 James Dean 
 
 1740 Thomas Nield. 
 
 1741 William Bell. 
 
 1742 James Massey. 
 
 1743 Thomas Wilcoxon. 
 
 1744 William Barlow. 
 
 1745 Roger Birch. 
 
 1746 Thomas Hulme. 
 
 1747 Thomas Wilcoxon. 
 174S John Withington. 
 
 1749 Charles Bramall, jun. 
 
 1750 Samuel Worthington. 
 
 1751 Richard Barrow. 
 
 1752 Samuel Horridge. 
 
 1753 John Mellor. 
 
 1754 Thomas Nightingale. 
 
 1755 Charles Mills. 
 
 1756 John Cooke. 
 
 1757 John Bury. 
 175S Thomas Gorton. 
 
 1759 John Booth Gore. 
 
 1760 Robert Gorton. 
 
 1761 Richard Bury. 
 
 1762 Benjamin Richardson. 
 
 1763 John Leech. 
 
 1764 William Christopher. 
 
 1765 Francis Baxter. 
 
 1766 Henry Birtles. 
 
 1767 James Cockerill. 
 176S Joseph Barrett. 
 
 1769 Robert Parrin. 
 
 1770 Peter Wright. 
 
 1771 Thomas Shorrocks. 
 
 1772 Thomas Barrow. 
 1173 William Leaf. 
 
 1774 Miles Dixon. 
 
 1775 William Loxhani. 
 
 1776 Edward Hobson. 
 
 1777 William Barrow. 
 
 1778 Thomas Chesshyre. 
 
 1779 James Cook. 
 
 1780 John Barrow. 
 17S1 James Bury, jun. 
 1782 James Holland. 
 
 JIjjH Thomas Walker. 
 
 1785 Richard Gorton. 
 
 1786 Daniel Eddleston. 
 17S7 Benjamin Makin. 
 1788 Thomas Partington. 
 17S9 Edward Hobson. 
 
 1790 Richard Harrison. 
 
 1791 James Kay. 
 
 1792 Joseph Harrop. 
 
 1793 George Walker. 
 
 1794 Jonathan Beever. 
 
 1795 Robert Hindley. 
 
 1796 George Clowes. 
 
 1797 Dauntsey Hulme. 
 
 1798 John Broom. 
 
 1799 John Boardman. 
 1S00 John Atkinson. 
 1801 William Beck. 
 1S02 Nat. Kirkham. 
 
 1803 Nat. Shelmerdine. 
 
 1804 David Locke. 
 
 1805 Thomas Holland. 
 
 1806 William Norris. 
 
 1807 James Hall. 
 180S B. H. Green. 
 
 1809 George Gould. 
 
 1810 William Tate. 
 
 1811 William Hutchinson. 
 
 1812 Henry Burgess. 
 
 1813 Thomas O. Gill. 
 
 1814 Robert Hindley. 
 
 1815 John Heygate. 
 
 1816 Richard Bindloss. 
 
 1817 Joseph Buckley. 
 181S John Greenwood. 
 1819 John E. Scholes. 
 1S20 Jerry Lees. 
 
 1821 Nat. Shelmerdine. 
 1S22 James Leech. 
 
 1823 Thomas Marriott. 
 
 1824 Benjamin Booth. 
 
 1825 George Jones. 
 
 1826 Thomas Heywood. 
 
 1827 William Hatton. 
 
 1828 Josiah Collier. 
 
 1829 John Bradshaw Wanklyn. 
 
 1830 James Kerr. 
 1S31 William Hill. 
 
 1832 John Dugdale. 
 
 1833 Lot Gardner. 
 
 1834 William Jenkinson. 
 
 1835 James Hall, jun. 
 
 1836 James Garratt Frost. 
 
 1837 Elkanah Armitage (afterwards Sir 
 
 Elkanah Armitage, Kt.) 
 
 1538 John Loeming. 
 
 1539 Thomas Bazley (afterwards Sir Thomas 
 
 Bazley, Bt.) 
 
 1840 George H. Hall. 
 
 1841 Holland Hoole. 
 
 1842 William Lockett. 
 1S43 Robert Chadwick. 
 
 1844 William Lockett, the last Boroughreeve 
 and first Mayor of Salford.
 
 XIV 
 
 Appendices to Introduction. 
 
 LIST OP THE MAYORS OP SALFORD. 
 
 William Lockett (died July 7, 1S56) 1S44-5 
 
 John Kay (died April 26, 1871) 1845-6 
 
 Robert Parren Livingstone (died September 11, 1S53) 1846-7 
 
 William Jenkinson (died February 28, 1862) 1847-8 
 
 Edward Ryley Langworthy, M.P. (died April 7, 1S74) 184S-9, 1S49-50 
 
 Thomas Agnew (died March 21, 1871) 1850-1 
 
 Frank Ashton (died March 7, 1885) 1851-2, 1852-3 
 
 William Ross (died 1873) 1S53-4, 1854-5 
 
 Stephen Heelis (died 1871) 1855-6, 1S56-7 
 
 William Harvey (died December 25, 1870) 1857-8, 185S-9 
 
 James Woods Weston (died April 22, 1S77) 1859-60, 1S60-1 
 
 James Worrall 1S61-2 
 
 William Pearson (died 1873) 1862-3, 1863-4 
 
 Wright Turner (died 18S0) 1864-5, 1S65-6 
 
 Henry Davis Pochin 1866-7, 1867-8 
 
 Thomas Davies (died October 18, 1S85) 186S-9, 1S69-70, 1S70-1 
 
 Thomas Barlow (died 1S85) 1871-2, 1872-3 
 
 Richard Harwood 1873-4, 1874-5, 1875-6 
 
 Francis Harrison Walmsley 1876-7, 1877-8 
 
 William Robinson 187S-9, 1879-80, 1S80-1 
 
 Richard Husband 1881-2, 1882-3 
 
 Charles Makinson 18S3-4, 1S84-5 
 
 James Farmer 18S5-6 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 
 
 BOROUGH OF MANCHESTER. 
 
 Charles Worsley, of Piatt, first Representative, by order of Oliver Cromwell, July 10th, 1654. 
 Richard Radcliffe, of e Pool, August 12th, 1656. 
 
 1832— Dec. 13 & 14. Votes. 
 
 Mark Philips (l) 2923 
 
 Right Hon. C. P. Thomson (l) 2068 
 
 Samuel Jones Loyd (l) 1S32 
 
 John Thomas Hope (c) 1560 
 
 William Cobbett (l) 1305 
 
 1S35— Jan. 8 & 9. 
 
 Right Hon, C. P. Thomson (l) 
 
 Mark Philips (l) 
 
 B. Braidley (c) 
 
 Sir Charles Wolseley (l) 
 
 1835— April 28 <fe 29. 
 
 Right Hon. C. P. Thomson (l) 
 
 B. Braidley (c) 
 
 1837— July 27. 
 Right Hon. C. P. Thomson (l). 
 
 Mark Philips (l) 
 
 W. E. Gladstone (c) 
 
 R, 
 
 1839— September 5. 
 
 H.Greg(L) 
 
 Sir George Murray (c) 
 
 Colonel Thomson (l) 
 
 (Before the Boroughreeve.) 
 
 3355 
 
 3163 
 
 2535 
 
 5S3 
 
 3205 
 1S39 
 
 415S 
 3750 
 2281 
 
 3096 
 
 2969 
 
 93 
 
 1839— September 6. Votes. 
 
 R. H. Greg(L) 3421 
 
 Sir George Murray (c) 3156 
 
 (Before the Mayor.) 
 
 1S41— June 30. 
 
 Mark Philips (l) 3695 
 
 T. M. Gibson (l) 3575 
 
 Sir George Murray (c) 31 15 
 
 William Entwistle (c) 2692 
 
 1847— July 29. 
 Rt. Hon. T. M. Gibson (l) ) 
 John Bright (l) ) 
 
 . . Unopposed. 
 
 1852— July S. 
 
 Right Hon. T. M. Gibson (l) 576 
 
 John Bright (l) 5475 
 
 George Loch (lc) 4363 
 
 Captain Denman (lc) 3955 
 
 1857— March 2S. 
 
 Sir John Potter (l) 8368 
 
 James Aspinall Turner (l) 7854 
 
 Right Hon. T. M. Gibson (l) 5588 
 
 John Bright (l) 5458
 
 Appendices to Introduction. 
 
 xv 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS FOR MANCHESTER— Continued. 
 
 1858— November 17. 
 Thomas Bazley (l) Unopposed 
 
 1S59— April 30. Votes. 
 
 Thomas Bazley (l) 7545 
 
 James Aspinall Turner ( l) 7300 
 
 Abel Hey wood (l) 5448 
 
 Captain Denman (c) 5201 
 
 1865— July 1. 
 
 Thomas Bazley (l) 7000 
 
 Edward James. Q.C. (l) 669S 
 
 Jacob Bright (l) 5562 
 
 Abel Heywood (l) 4242 
 
 1867— November 26. 
 
 Jacob Bright (l) 8160 
 
 J. M. Bennett (c) 0420 
 
 Mitchell Henry (l) 643 
 
 1S68— November 17. 
 
 Hugh Birley (c) 15486 
 
 Thomas Bazley (l) 14192 
 
 Jacob Bright (l) 13514 
 
 Joseph Hoare (c) 12684 
 
 Ernest Jones (l) 10662 
 
 Mitchel Henry (l) 5236 
 
 1S74 — February 5. 
 
 Hugh Birley (c) 19984 
 
 W. R Callender (c) 19649 
 
 Sir Thomas Bazley, Bart, (l) 19325 
 
 Jacob Bright "(l) 18727 
 
 1876 — February 17. 
 
 Jacob Bright (l) 22535 
 
 F. S. Powell (c) 20974 
 
 1SS0— April 1. Votes. 
 
 John Slagg (l) 24959 
 
 Jacob Bright (l) 24789 
 
 Hugh Birley (o) 20594 
 
 W. H. Houldsworth (c) 2026S 
 
 1883— October 4. 
 
 W. H. Houldsworth (c) 1S1SS 
 
 Dr. E. M. Pankhurst (r) 0210 
 
 1885— November 26. 
 
 East Division. 
 
 A. J. Balfour (c) 4536 
 
 A. Hopkinson (l) 3712 
 
 North Division. 
 
 J. F. Hutton (c) 4093 
 
 C. E. Schwann (l) 3143 
 
 North -East Division. 
 
 Sir J. Fergusson (c) 4341 
 
 R. P. Blennerhassett (l) 2S93 
 
 North-Wkst Division. 
 
 W. H. Houldsworth (c) 5S34 
 
 JohnSlagg(L) 5111 
 
 South Division. 
 
 Sir H. E. Roscoe (l) 3791 
 
 Dr. P. Royle (c) 3121 
 
 South-West Division. 
 
 Lord F. C. Hamilton (c) 3929 
 
 Jacob Bright (l) 3362 
 
 I 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 BOROUGH OF SALFORD. 
 
 1832 — December. Votes. 
 
 Joseph Brotherton (l) 712 
 
 William Garuett (c) 518 
 
 1835— January. 
 
 Joseph Brotherton (i.) 795 
 
 John Dugdale (c) 572 
 
 1S37— August. 
 
 Joseph Brotherton (l) S90 
 
 William Garnett (c) 8SS 
 
 1S41— July 12. 
 
 Joseph Brotherton (i.) 991 
 
 William Garnett (c) S73 
 
 1S47 — August. 
 Joseph Brotherton (l) unopposed 
 
 1852— July 7. 
 
 Joseph Brotherton (i.) unopposed 
 
 (Died Jan. 7th, 1S57.) 
 
 1857— February 2. 
 E. R. Langworthy (l) unopposed 
 
 1S57— March 2. Votes. 
 
 Wm. Nathaniel Massey (l) 1SS0 
 
 Sir Elkanah Armitage (l) 1264 
 
 1859— April 30. 
 
 Wm. Nathaniel Massey (l) 1919 
 
 Henry Ashworth (l) 17S7 
 
 1S64. 
 John Cheetham (l) unopposed 
 
 1S65— July 12. 
 John Cheetham (l) xenopposed 
 
 1S6S— November 17. 
 
 c. B. Cawley(c) 6312 
 
 W. T. Charley (< ) 6181 
 
 John Cheetham (l) 6141 
 
 Henry Rawson (l) 6013 
 
 1S74— February 5. 
 
 C. E. Cawlev(c) 7003 
 
 (Died April 2nd, 1877.) 
 
 W. T. Charley (c) 69S7 
 
 Joseph Kay (i/) 6 
 
 Henry Lee (l) 67u7
 
 XVI 
 
 Ajypendices to Introduction. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS FOR SALFORD— Continued. 
 1877— April 19. Votes. 
 
 O. O. Walker (c) S642 
 
 Joseph Kay (l) 8372 
 
 1880— April 1. 
 
 Benjamin Armitage (l) 11116 
 
 Arthur Arnold (l) 11110 
 
 Sir W. T. Charley, Kt., Q.C. (c) .. S400 
 
 O. O. Walker (c) 8302 
 
 18S5— November 25. 
 
 NORTH DIVISION. Votes. 
 
 E. Hardcastle (c) 3519 
 
 A. Arnold (l) 3343 
 
 SOUTH DIVISION. 
 
 William Mather (l) 3752 
 
 T. G. Bowles (c) 3690 
 
 WEST DIVISION. 
 
 B. Armitage (l) 3437 
 
 Sir W. C. Worsley (c) 340 
 
 POPULATION AND ACREAGE OF THE CITY 
 OP MANCHESTER. 
 
 Ward. 
 
 Population 
 in 1881 
 
 Area in 
 Statute Acres 
 
 
 9,32S 
 
 813 
 
 10,515 
 
 346 
 
 4,378 
 
 4,653 
 
 11,650 
 
 25,721 
 
 I 63,941 
 
 47,980 
 24,078 
 31,197 
 33,139 
 22,468 
 11,238 
 34,545 
 36,602 
 
 137 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 125 
 
 
 39 
 
 
 97 
 
 
 136 
 
 
 151 
 
 
 919 
 
 
 (252 
 (501 
 
 
 
 355 
 
 
 385 
 
 
 509 
 
 
 419 
 
 
 227 
 
 
 1,153 
 
 
 194 
 
 
 283 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 373, 5S3 
 341,414 
 
 5,927 - 
 
 Before the Extension 
 
 of City Boundary in 
 
 1885, 
 
 the 
 
 4,292 
 
 
 
 HOUSES AND POPULATION OF SALFORD 
 
 AT THE CENSUS OF 1881, WITH ACREAGE. 
 
 District. 
 
 Area in 
 Statute 
 Acres. 
 
 Broughton 
 
 Pendleton and Pendlebury 
 Salf ord 
 
 Totals 
 
 Wards. 
 
 Crescent ~ 17S 
 
 Greengate I 61 
 
 Islington j 124 
 
 Kersal 1,046 
 
 1,426 
 2,416 
 1,329 
 
 5,171 
 
 Houses. 
 
 Population. 
 
 Inha- 
 bited. 
 
 6,156 
 S,574 
 19,476 
 
 34,206 
 
 Ordsal 
 
 Regent 
 
 St. John's 
 
 St. Matthias's 
 St. Stephen's.. 
 St. Thomas's.. 
 
 Seedley 
 
 Trinity 
 
 Totals 
 
 226 
 
 521 
 
 367 
 
 77 
 
 104 
 
 S17 
 
 1,598 
 
 52 
 
 5,171 
 
 2,395 
 1,446 
 1,904 
 3,516 
 4,748 
 3,701 
 2,710 
 2,165 
 1,886 
 3,591 
 4,983 
 1,101 
 
 34,206 
 
 Unin- 
 habited 
 
 Building Males \ Females 
 
 967 
 1,369 
 2,157 
 
 25 
 
 51 
 
 161 
 
 14,589 
 20,323 
 49,698 
 
 4,493 
 
 217 i 84,610 
 
 31S 
 112 
 199 
 548 
 447 
 593 
 428 
 152 
 122 
 470 
 899 
 205 
 
 4 
 25 
 63 
 80 
 
 "s 
 
 1 
 
 31 
 
 2 
 
 5,553 
 3,443 
 4,620 
 8,127 
 
 12,813 
 9,872 
 6,650 
 5,183 
 4,527 
 S,554 
 
 11,769 
 3,199 
 
 16,945 
 
 22,794 
 51,886 
 
 91,625 
 
 6,273 
 
 3,632 
 
 4,903 
 
 9,692 
 
 12,487 
 
 10,445 
 
 7,389 
 
 5,718 
 
 4,970 
 
 9,637 
 
 13,157 
 
 3,322 
 
 4,493 
 
 217 
 
 S4.610 91,625 
 
 Total 
 
 31,534 
 
 43,117 
 
 101,584 
 
 176,235 
 
 12,126 
 
 7,075 
 
 9,523 
 
 17,819 
 
 25,300 
 
 20,317 
 
 14,039 
 
 10,901 
 
 9,497 
 
 18,191 
 
 24,926 
 
 6,521 
 
 176,235
 
 Appendices to Introduction. 
 
 xvii 
 
 ACREAGE, POPULATION, AND RATEABLE VALUE 
 
 OF LOCAL BOARD DISTRICTS. 
 
 District. 
 
 Audenshaw 
 
 Barton 
 
 Crumpsall 
 
 Denton and Haughton .... 
 
 Droylsden 
 
 FaiLsworth 
 
 Gorton and Longsight. . . . 
 
 Heaton Norris 
 
 Levenshulme 
 
 Middleton and Tonge 
 
 Moss Side 
 
 Newton Heath 
 
 Openshaw 
 
 Prestwich 
 
 Reddish 
 
 Stretford 
 
 Swinton and Pendlebury 
 
 Whitefield 
 
 Withington 
 
 Acres 
 
 Population 
 
 Rateable 
 
 flSSl) 
 
 Value 
 
 1,105 
 
 5,930 
 
 £32,791 
 
 2,200 
 
 25,'. '94 
 
 110,000 
 
 733 
 
 8,154 
 
 38,723 
 
 2,593 
 
 12,711 
 
 40,367 
 
 1,144 
 
 S,679 
 
 30,000 
 
 1,073 
 
 7,912 
 
 36,092 
 
 1,484 
 
 33,096 
 
 102,498 
 
 1,564 
 
 5,797 
 
 36,007 
 
 640 
 
 3,557 
 
 18,137 
 
 4,584 
 
 18,952 
 
 55,019 
 
 420 
 
 18,184 
 
 116,501 
 
 1,350 
 
 31,240 
 
 97,419 
 
 079 
 
 16,153 
 
 80,873 
 
 1,917 
 
 8,498 
 
 40,330 
 
 1,541 
 
 5,557 
 
 29,703 
 
 3,254 
 
 19,018 
 
 122,986 
 
 2 222 
 
 18,107 
 
 70,000 
 
 2,048 
 
 9,516 
 
 40,242 
 
 5,728 
 
 17.10S 
 
 137,289 
 
 In the cases of Crumpsall and Prestwich the population is reckoned icithout the inmates of 
 
 the Workhouse and Asylum.
 
 ANNALS OF MANCHESTEE. 
 
 48-79. 
 
 THE first glimpse of historical Manchester is as a Roman military station. 
 The castrum was situated on a tongue of land formed by a curve of the 
 river Medlock, which " approached nearest to the fortress at the southern 
 angle of the latter, from which it was distant about 85ft., forming a defence on 
 the south-western side, a partial one on the south-eastern, and a more distant 
 one on the north-western. The river Irwell, running north and south, approaches 
 nearest to tbe castrum opposite its western angle, from which it is distant 
 about 528 yards, the junction of the Medlock with it occurring some 130 yards 
 lower down. This proximity of the Irwell, and the intervention of a morass 
 between it and the castrum, proved a second line of defence to the latter 
 on its north-western side. Tbe fortress occupied a slightly-elevated plateau, 
 which had a gentle slope towards the south. In shape it was a paral- 
 lelogram, the angles of which almost exactly faced the cardinal points. 
 The north-eastern and south-western sides measured 490ft. in length, and 
 the north-western and south-eastern sides 440ft., thus giving an area of 
 about five acres. Whether a British post occupied the site previously 
 to the advent of the Romans is a problem which can hardly now be solved." 
 Such is the description given by Mr. W. Thompson Watkin in his Roman 
 Lancashire. The Rev. John Whitaker unhesitatingly asserts that there was 
 a British fortress, to which he gives the name of Mancenion, but there is no 
 certain evidence either of the place or the name before the Roman conquest. 
 The date of the foundation of Manchester is also uncertain, but it can be fixed 
 within comparatively narrow limits. The Brigantes — the tribe to whom this 
 district would belong— were subjugated by the Pro-praetor Petilius Cerealis, 
 a.d. 71-75. It is known the lead mines of North Wales were worked as early 
 •as A. d. 74, and that Chester and the roads to it from Manchester, by North- 
 wich, and to Warrington, by Frodsham, &c, were then in existence. Mr. 
 Watkin observes, "As the former of these roads would scarcely be made to 
 Northwich only, we may safely assume that it was continued on to Man- 
 chester, and thus that Mancunium was in existence in a.d. 74. Indeed, it is 
 possible that Ostorius, who in a.d. 48 subdued the Cangi and put down a 
 revolt of the Brigantes, may have founded Manchester at this juncture. The 
 recorded inscriptions show that the First Cohort of the Frisiavones, who are 
 regarded as the auxiliaries of the Twentieth Legion, were engaged in
 
 2 Annals of Manchester. [3ii-367 
 
 the construction of the castrum. The Frisii came from the district now 
 known as Friesland, and from the north and west of the Zuyder Zee. 
 An ingenious attempt has been made in recent years to show that the 
 language of these Roman auxiliaries has had a permanent effect on the 
 dialect of South Lancashire. The Third Bracarian Cohort is also believed to 
 have been stationed at Manchester. A fragment of the Roman wall still 
 remains, and, by the care of the late Lord Francis Egerton, was covered 
 with a wooden shed at the foot of one of the large piers of the Altrincham 
 Railway Viaduct. Its preservation is provided for by deed. There was an 
 altar to Fortuna Conservatrix — "Fortune the Preserver." (Hollin- 
 worth, p. 16.) Another altar shows that at one time the garrison 
 consisted of a vexillation of Rhaetii and Norici— Swiss and Tyrolese. 
 A fine miniature statue of Jupiter Stator, a small cross, perhaps an 
 indication of early Christianity, and a variety of smaller objects and coins, 
 have from time to time been unearthed. These evidences of Roman 
 occupation are fully described and discussed by Mr. Thompson Watkin in his 
 Roman Lancashire where many of them are illustrated. It will be seen 
 that there is a probability that Manchester came under the Roman power by 
 the agency of Petilius Cerealis, but it may not have been until the later cam- 
 paigns of Agricola, whose progress by the woods and estuaries — special charac- 
 teristics of Lancashire— is expressly mentioned by Tacitus in his narrative of 
 the march by which the great general alarmed and terrified the Brigantes, and 
 subdued such communities as had still preserved their independence. The 
 building of Mancunium would not therefore be later than a.d. 79, whilst it 
 may have been as early as a.d. 48. Agricola, if we may trust Tacitus, had the 
 wisdom of a statesman as well as the valour of a soldier. The winter after his 
 conquest he began the task of civilising the conquered tribes, by teaching them 
 the art of constructing houses and temples, by imparting to the sons of the 
 native chieftains an acquaintance with liberal sciences and a knowledge of the 
 Latin tongue. Thus they learned to imitate the manners, speech, and dress of 
 the dominant race. 
 
 In 1873, during the making of some roads in Broughton Park, the work- 
 men came upon a cinerary urn containing calcined bones. It is now in the 
 Peel Park Museum, Salford. 
 
 311. 
 
 This year is memorable as the date of the assumption of Christianity by 
 Constantino the Great. His father died at York, 25th July, 306, and it was at 
 that place, the capital of the district which included Manchester, that he 
 assumed the purple. Before he left England for Rome he had conducted a brief 
 but successful campaign against the Picts and Scots who had now begun to be 
 troublesome. 
 
 367. 
 
 The Picts, Scots, and Saxons combined made an incursion into Southern 
 Britain, but were driven back northwards by Theodosius, who returned most 
 of their spoil to the rightful owners, and restored the damaged forts and 
 cities to their former condition. How far Lancashire suffered is not known.
 
 378-4491 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 378-395. 
 
 When Theodosius, the son of the general whose victories have been named^ 
 became joint Emperor with Gratian, his elevation to power excited the anger 
 of Maximus, a former fellow-officer, who was proclaimed Emperor, it is said at 
 York. He raised an army, which included the flower of the British youth, 
 invaded Gaul and defeated Gratian, who was killed a.d. 383. But the star of 
 Maximus soon paled, and he was defeated and slain by Theodosius a.d. 388. 
 The victor died in 395", and in his reign was appointed the last known Governor 
 of Britain, Chrysanthus, who was Vicarlus. 
 
 400-421. 
 
 It has been said that the famous Stilicho distinguished himself in Britain, 
 but other authorities state that it was the terror caused by his crushing defeat 
 of the Saxon pirates, the scourges of the northern coast, which led the Picts to 
 retreat from Britain to their mountain fastnesses. 
 
 The accession of Theodosius II., about a.d. 407, led to the apprehension of 
 a Vandal invasion, and the Britons, with the Roman troops stationed in the 
 island, revolted and proclaimed Marcus, who in a few months was killed and 
 succeeded by Gratian, described as a native, whose reign was equally brief. 
 The next Emperor was a common soldier, bearing the auspicious name of 
 Constantine, who went to Gaul with a large following from this island, and 
 conquered Spain and Northern Italy, and was assassinated a.d. 411. The 
 revolt, however, had taken the best strength and blood from the land, and 
 when the legions were recalled the country fell an easy prey to the attacks of 
 the Picts and Scots. The exact date of the withdrawal of the Roman troops is 
 not known, but " historians agree that it was in the earlier part of the reign of 
 Theodosius II. (a.d. 402-450) that Britain, with several other provinces, was lost 
 to the empire. Numismatic evidence confirms this, for while the coins of 
 Honorius and Arcadius are plentiful, those of Theodosius II. are few, and of 
 Vallentinian III. (a.d. 425-455) very rare — probably accidentally lost in the 
 course of commercial transactions. Lancashire has yielded very few coins of 
 even Arcadius and Honorius " (Watkin). 
 
 449. 
 
 Baines narrates, on the authority of Geoffrey of Monmouth, the successes 
 of Aurelius Ambrosius against the invading Saxons. Octa was conquered at 
 York, and "Ebissa, who had probably occupied Manchester while Octa was 
 stationed at York, also submitted ; but on the death of Ambrosius they 
 revolted, and took Ovcrbrough, Walton-le-Dale, Manchester, and Warrington. 
 They were defeated and captured at York." Even if it were possible to accept 
 Geoffrey of Monmouth as a sober chronicler, or to separate the grains of 
 tradition from the mass of fable— which appears equally hopeless— it must be 
 further confessed that Geoffrey makes no mention of Manchester in his narra- 
 tive. He does not say that Manchester was part of the lordship or kingdom of 
 Eosa, Ebusa, or Ebissa, as the chief is variously styled. He merely says that 
 it was " the country bordering upon Scotland." The conqueror of Ebussa is 
 the legendary Uther, the father of Kins Arthur.
 
 4* Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [520-683 
 
 520. 
 
 Hollinworth, in his Mancuniensis, refers to a tradition which must have 
 been current in his, the seventeenth century. " It is sayd," he observes, " that 
 Sir Tarquine, a stout enemie of King Arthur, kept this castle, and neere to the 
 foard in Medlock, about Mabhouse, hung a bason on a tree, on which bason 
 whosoever did strike, Sir Tarquine, or some of his company, would come and 
 fight with him, and that Sir Launcelot du Lake, a knight of King Arthur's 
 Round Table, did beate uppon the bason, fought with Tarquine, killed him, pos- 
 sessed himselfe of the castle, and loosed the prisoners. Whosoever thinketh it 
 worth his pains to read more of it may read the history of King Arthur. It is 
 certain that about a.d. 520 there was such a prince as King Arthur, and it is 
 not incredible that he or his knights might contest about this castle when he 
 was in this county, and (as Ninius sayth) hee put ye Saxons to flight in a 
 memorable battell near Wigan, about twelve miles off" (pp. 21, 22). The 
 Arthurian localities have been a subject of vigorous debate, and it may be 
 regarded as utterly impossible to settle them with any reasonable degree of cer- 
 tainty. Mr. Skene identifies places in the North, Dr. Guest is equally confident 
 as to localities in the South ; Hollinworth, Whitaker, and Mr. D. H. Haigh 
 are positive as to Lancashire. The river Duglas and the region Linius 
 remain unidentified. The various theories are carefully summarised by Mr. 
 Charles Hardwick in his Lancashire Battlefields. 
 
 607. 
 
 Ethelfrith, the Chieftain or King of Northumbria, in the course of his march 
 upon Chester, where he slew the Welsh priests, would pass through South 
 Lancashire, which was probably occupied by the English at this date, " and the 
 nature of the occupation," observes Professor Boyd Dawkins, " may be gathered 
 from the treatment of the city of Chester. A fire (to use the metaphor of 
 Gildas) went through the land, and the Brit-Welsh were either put to the sword 
 or compelled to become the bondsmen or conquerors." The conquest of North 
 Lancashire was still later. 
 
 620. 
 
 In this year Baines states that Edwin, King of Northumbria, permanently 
 reduced the town of Manchester under the dominion of the Saxons, but he cites 
 no authority for the statement. 
 
 627. 
 
 Edwin, King of Northumbria, adopted the Christian faith, and was bap- 
 tised at York by Paulinus, who also preached the Gospel in Lancashire. About 
 this date there probably arose a Saxon church at Manchester, but of this there 
 is no absolute evidence. 
 
 689. 
 
 Manchester selected for the residence of Ethelburga, the consort of Ina, 
 King of Wessex, during his march against the Welsh under Ivor and Henyr, 
 who had laid waste the province of Chester. Having conquered the invaders 
 in two sanguinary conflicts, Ina, according to a chronicle quoted by Humphrey 
 Lhuyd, " departed himself with Adelard, his cousen, to Queen Ethelburga, 
 being then at Manchester, and continued there about three months."
 
 794-920] Annals of Manchester. 
 
 (Ormerod's Cheshire, vol. i., introd. xxv.) In the Rhyming Chronicle of 
 Robert Mannyng, alias Robert de Brunne, of about a.d. 1300 (and which is 
 apparently a paraphrase of Peter Langtoft's French Chronicle), is the following 
 version (modernised) of the facts cited by Humphrey Lhuyd : — 
 
 " The English kings turned ; they could do no more 
 But sojourned them awhile, in rest, at Bangor ; 
 So that each king of realm should make him all ready, 
 At the Easter (after King Ina would tarry), 
 Homeward to go, to child and to wife, 
 To visit their lands and solace their life. 
 Ina, King of Wessex, for his wife sent 
 Unto Mamecestre. The Queen to him went." 
 
 794. 
 
 Hollinworth has the following : " After that Ethelred, King of the Nortn- 
 umbers, was slaine anno 794, there was an interregnum for thirty yeares, in 
 which time this whole Province (wherein this towne must needes have its share) 
 was made a prey and a laughing-stocke to its neigbors, saith "William of 
 Malmesbury." (P. 22.) 
 
 863. 
 
 " It is allso sayd," states Hollinworth, ' 'that the townesmen carried valiantly 
 against the Danes when, about Ao. Christi 863, they landed in Northumber- 
 land, though it is utterly unworthy that the inhabitants should imagine, as 
 Mr. Cambden pretends they did in his time, that Manchester should signify the 
 ' City of Men ;' and with this light and frothy conceite, implying their owne 
 commendation, should at all please themselves ; yet it is true that they did 
 carry valiantly and fared the worse for it ; for the Danes, about ten years after, 
 tooke and possessed themselves of the whole region of Northumberland ; they 
 tooke allso the city of Yorke ; they held the countrey about 60 years. Certainly 
 at that time Manchester was either ruined totally or in a great measure, as 
 Chester allso and other cityes when their destroying feete trampled downe the 
 beauty of the land." (Pp. 22, 23.) 
 
 901. 
 
 In this year died Alfred the Great, to whom has been traditionally assigned 
 the division of the lands into hundreds as areas of local government and de- 
 fence. The name of Salfordshire was given to South-East Lancashire, and it is 
 reasonably conjectured that Manchester had suffered so greatly from the 
 ravages of the Danes as to be in a ruinous condition, and therefore of less im- 
 portance at that time than its neighbour, Salford. 
 
 920. 
 
 " In the yeare of our Salvation 920, King Edward the Elder (as Mavianus 
 writeth) sent an army of Mercians into Northumberland, To reedify the Citie 
 of Manchester and to place a garrison there (for it belonged formerly to the 
 kings of Northumberland), and secmeth to have been quite destroyed in the 
 Danish warre, against whom, because the inhabitants bad borne tbemselvesas 
 valiant men, they will have their towne to be called Manchester— that is, as 
 they expound it, The Citie of Men; and in this conceit, which implieth their
 
 6 Annals of Manchester. [923-1086 
 
 own commendation, they wonderfully please and natter themselves. But full 
 little know the good honest men that Mancunium was the name of it in the 
 Britans' time, so that the etymologie thereof out of our English tongue can by 
 no means seem probable. I, for my part, therefore, would derive it rather 
 from main, a British word which signifieth a stone ; for upon a stony hill it is 
 seated, and beneath the very towne, at Colyhurst, there are most good and 
 famous quarries of stone." Camden (Phil Holland's Translation, pp. 746-7). 
 
 923. 
 
 " In this year," says the Saxon Chronicle, " after harvest, King Edward 
 went with his forces to Thelwall, and commanded the town to be built, and 
 occupied, and manned ; and commanded another force also of Mercians, the 
 while that he sat there, to take possession of Manchester, in Northumbria, and 
 repair and man it." There has been some controversy as to whether Manchester 
 was included in the kingdom of Mercia or in that of Northumbria. Whitaker 
 maintains that it was part of Mercia, but the passage in the Saxon Chronicle 
 seems good evidence to the contrary. It is clear also from this entry that Man- 
 chester suffered from the Danes, but the bloodshed and suffering caused by 
 their incursions have remained unchronicled. 
 
 At this time, in the opinion of Baines, the town of Manchester extended 
 from the confluence of the Medlock with the Irwell to the confluence of the Irk 
 with the same river ; in other terms, from the Castlefield to the college (Chet- 
 ham's Hospital) ; and that Deansgate and St. Mary's-gate formed the principal 
 streets, and Aldpark the vill precinct. In addition to the mill near the Roman 
 castrum, another was built on the banks of the Irk, where Cateaton Street now 
 stands, and gave the name to Old Millgate, which is to be classed amongst the 
 ancient parts of the town. The market was held in and about Smithy Door, 
 and the wakes were celebrated on St. Michael and St. Mary's days, the former 
 of them along the course of Aldport Lane, and the latter in the area of Acres 
 Field. 
 
 1031. 
 
 Canute the Dane, in his march into Cumberland to encounter the Scots, 
 visited Manchester, and is reputed to have conferred his name on one of its 
 ancient mills, popularly called Knot (or Canute) Mill, but there is no evidence 
 of the occurrence. 
 
 1086. 
 
 The evidences as to the earlier history of the district are so few that much 
 more has been left to ingenious conjecture than is at all satisfactory. With the 
 Norman Conquest we have a document of great importance, though the infor- 
 mation it contains is not always clear. The passage in Domesday Book relating 
 to the Manchester district is thus translated : " King Edward held Salford. 
 There are iii. hides and xii. carucates of waste land. There is a forest iii. leagues 
 long and the same broad. There are many hays and a hawk's aery there. King 
 Edward held Radeclive for a manor. There is i. hide, and another hide there 
 belongs to Salford. The Church of Saint Mary and the Church of Saint Michael 
 held in Mamecestre i. carucate of land free from all customs but the gelt. To 
 this manor or hundred belonged xxi. berewicks, which so many thanes held for 
 so manv manors. In which there were xi. and a half hides and x. and a half
 
 1086] Annals of Manchester. 7 
 
 carucates of land. The woods there are ix. leagues and a half long and v. 
 leagues and a furlong broad. Gamel, a tenant of ii. of these hides in Recedham 
 < Rochdale), was free of all customs but these six : theft, heinfare, forestel, breach 
 of the peace, not keeping the term set him by the reeve, and continuing a fight 
 after an oath given to the contrary. The fine for these was xi. shillings. Some 
 of these lands were free from every custom but the gelt, and some were free 
 even from the gelt. The whole manor of Salford, with the hundred, rendered 
 xxxvii. pounds and iv. shillings. Of this manor there are now in the demesne 
 ii. carucates and viii. serfs, and ii. villeins with i. carucate. The demesne 
 is worth c. shillings. Of the lands of this manor these knights hold, by the 
 gift of Roger of Poictou, Nigel iii. hides and half a carucate of land, Warin 
 ii. carucates of land, another Warin i. carucate and a half, Goisfrid i. carucate 
 of land, and Gamel ii. carucates of land. In these are three thanes and xxx. vil- 
 leins and ix. bordars and a priest and x. serfs. They have xxii. carucates among 
 them. The whole is worth vii. pounds." (Beamont, Domesday Book, p. 81.) 
 After an intervening passage about Leyland, we read : " The men of this manor 
 [Lailand] and of Salford were not bound by the custom to work at the King's 
 hall or to mow for him in August. They only made hay in the wood, and they 
 had the forfeitures for bloodshed and rape. In the other customs of the other 
 manors above mentioned they bore their part." (Beamont, p. 81.) Of the 
 entire district between Ribble and Mersey it is said : " In King Edward's time 
 the whole was worth cxlv. pounds and ii. shillings and ii. pence. When Roger of 
 Poictou received it from the King it was worth cxx. pounds. The King now 
 holds it, and has in his demesne xii. carucates, and [there are] ix. knights hold- 
 ing a fee. Amongst them and their men there are cxv. carucates and iii. oxen. 
 The demesne which Roger held is valued at xxiii. pounds and x. shillings, 
 what he bestowed on his knights at xx. pounds and xi. shillings." (Beamont, 
 p. 83.) It appears to be implied that there were two churches in Manchester, 
 but if the Church of St. Mary be identified with the parish church, it is difficult 
 to know where St. Michael's could have been. One suggestion is that the pas- 
 sage applies to the whole district, and that St. Michael's at Ashton-under-Lyne 
 is meant. The necessity for two churches in a place so small as Manchester 
 then was is not at all apparent. The subject is discussed fully in Hibbert 
 Ware's Foundations of Manchester. 
 
 Roger of Poictou, to whom William the Conqueror granted the land 
 between Mersey and Ribble, was one of the sons of Roger de Montgomery, Earl 
 of Arundel and Shrewsbury, and grandson of Roger the Great de Montgomery. 
 The pedigree is by no means undisputed, but the evidence is carefully analysed 
 by Mr. II. H. Howorth in the Palatine Note-book (vol. ii.). The second Roger 
 styles himself cx-Normannis Normannus, and was probably a descendant of 
 one of the freebooters who, under Rollo, settled in Normandy. The surname 
 of Montgomery came from a fief in what is now the department of Calvados. 
 The wife of the second Roger was a daughter of William Talvas de Belesme. 
 The father's character was a bad one, and the lady is described as small of body, 
 a great talker, crafty, cruel, and audacious. The marriage is said to have taken 
 place in 1018, and Roger de Pictavensis was the third son. At the time of the 
 Conquest, among the most important, rich, and influential of all William's 
 feudatories, was Roger de Montgomery, viscount of the Iliesmois. Wace has
 
 8 Annals of Manchester. [1102-1131 
 
 given a vivid account of his share in the battle of Hastings, and his statement 
 is adopted by Freeman. On the other hand Orderic Vitalis states that he 
 remained behind as Governor of Normandy. The question was fully debated 
 between Mr. Howorth and Dr. Freeman (Palatine Note-book, vol. ii.). Mr. 
 Howorth believes that it was Roger of Poictou, and not his father, who fought 
 at Senlac, and, in confirmation, points out, that of the various sons of the Earl 
 of Arundel, he was the only one who received a reward from the Norman Con- 
 queror. His estates in what is now known as Lancashire are entered under 
 Cheshire in Domesday Book. The people were rather Mercian than Northum- 
 brian in speech and race. The population was sparse. His possessions were in 
 the nature of an Honour, and not a County, and there is no good evidence that 
 he exercised palatine jurisdiction or was an Earl. He was a great seignor, 
 holding of the Crown and having extensive privileges. The courts of criminal 
 and civil jurisdiction of such great landowners have been well described as 
 public jurisdictions in private hands. It is thought that he fixed his residence 
 at Clitheroe, and in that stronghold this lord of 300 manors may have held his 
 court. He obtained his surname of Poictou from his marriage with a lady of 
 that duchy. This was Almades, daughter of Adalbert III., Count of La 
 Marche. Roger, between the Conquest and Domesday, had forfeited the great 
 grants made to him in Lancashire by his defection from the King, but his 
 honours were restored by William II. He appears to have been a turbulent 
 spirit, and having joined Robert Duke of Normandy in a rebellion against 
 Henry I., he was finally deprived of his possessions and banished from the 
 country in 1101. 
 
 1102. 
 
 William Peverel, Lord of Nottingham, a natural son of William the Con- 
 queror, succeeded to some of the possessions of Roger of Poictou, including the 
 hundred and town of Salford. It is under his rule that Albert Gresley received 
 his grant of lands forming the greater proportion of the barony of Manchester. 
 Gresley is, however, said to have been a favourite of Roger Pictavensis, and is 
 thought to have held the barony from 1086 to 1100. 
 
 1120. 
 
 " One writeth that about 1120 (a mistake for 1520, about 12 H 8) there were 
 three famous clothiers living in the north country— viz., Cuthbert of Kendal, 
 Hodgkins of Halifax, and Martin Brian, some say Byrom, of Manchester . . . 
 he sayeth also that the sayd Martin gave much money to the building of <x free 
 school in Manchester." (Hollinworth's Mancuniensis.) This has been fre- 
 quently repeated, but Martin Byrom is purely mythical, and the passage is 
 based on one of Thomas Deloney's romances and has no historic value at all. 
 
 1131. 
 
 Robert, the son of Albert Gresley and second baron of Manchester, gave to 
 the Abbey of Swineshead, in Lincolnshire, his mill at Mancestre, "at which 
 lordship," says Dugdale, " he held his principal seat." He is stated to have 
 died in 1135, but another account represents him as founding the abbey in 1143- 
 Dugdale (Monastlcon and Baronage) says 1134.
 
 1135-1222] Annals of Manchester. 9 
 
 1135. 
 
 Albert Grelle, senex, third baron, lived in the time of Stephen and Henry 
 III. [? 1135—1166], and married a daughter of William Fitz-Nigel, Baron of 
 Halton, with whom he acquired lands in the upper bailiwick of Mamcestre. 
 Amongst his grants were four oxgangs to Ulric de Mamcestre and four oxgangs 
 fco the church in Mamcestre (supposed to be the site of the old Parsonage, 
 Deansgate), and a croft to the Abbey of Swineshead. He is believed to have 
 died about 1166. 
 
 1166. 
 
 Albert Gresley, senex, was succeeded by Albert Gresley, juvenis, as fourth 
 baron, who in 1166 confirmed the grants of his father and grandfather to 
 Swineshead Abbey. Albert, juvenis, married Isabel, daughter of Thomas 
 Basset, and was dead in 1182. 
 
 1182. 
 
 Robert Gresley, fifth baron, succeeded, but being under age (born 1175), 
 was placed under the guardianship of his mother, Isabel, and her brother, 
 Gilbert Basset. She married again and became the wife of Guy de Creon. 
 Details of his grants of land are given in Harland's Mamcestre. 
 
 1195. 
 
 Robert Gresley, Baron of Mamecestre, came of age and did homage 6th 
 Richard I., and was invested with his lands. He was the first Gresley known 
 to have lived in Mamecestre— viz., at the Baron's Yard or Hull, on the site of 
 Chetham's Hospital. (Baines.) 
 
 1200-1207. 
 
 The Testa de Nevill gives particulars as to the various holders of land in 
 Lancashire, as the result of an inquisition made by a jury of knights, at a date 
 not stated, but supposed to be about 1200 — 1207. Full particulars are given in 
 Harland's Mamcestre. 
 
 1215. 
 
 Robert de Gresley, Baron of Manchester, was one of the peers who de- 
 manded Magna Charta from King John, at Runnymede, June 12. When the 
 barons again rose in arms Gresley incurred the anger of the King, who com- 
 mitted his castle to Adam de Yeland, probably as sheriff, and afterwards 
 granted Greslet's lands to William Maresma the younger and Hugh de Vivian. 
 These orders were never executed, and John's death in 1216 left Greslet 
 undisturbed. 
 
 1222. 
 
 Robert Greslet obtained a grant of a yearly fair of two days' duration at 
 his lordship of Manchester, to be held on the eve and day of St. Matthew. 
 The grant is dated 11th of August. As the King was then a minor, the privilege 
 was limited until the time when the King should come of ago. For this con- 
 cession the baron gave five marks and one palfrey. See further under date 
 1227.
 
 10 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1227-1231 
 
 1227. 
 
 A second charter for an annual fair, granted to Manchester by Henry III., 
 at the request of the third Baron of Manchester. The time was now extended 
 to three days— on the eve and feast day of St. Matthew, the apostle, and the 
 day next following— and the grant made perpetual. No consideration is 
 stated as having been paid for the charter, which is dated at Faringdon, 19th 
 August. 
 
 1231. 
 
 Randulph de Blundeville, Earl of Chester, granted a charter making Salford 
 a free or corporate borough. It is not dated, but was probably granted in or 
 about 1231. The document is now in the Peel Park Museum. The following is 
 a translation made by Mr. T. N. Morton :— 
 
 "Ranulf, Earl of Chester and of Lincoln, to all now present, and to those wno 
 shall hereafter inspect or hear of this present Charter, gives salutation. 
 "[I.] Be it known that I have given, granted, and by this my present 
 charter have confirmed, that the town of Salford may be a free borough ; and 
 that the burgesses dwelling therein may have and hold all these liberties 
 underwritten : [II.] First, that every burgess may hold one acre of land with 
 his burgage, and shall pay for each burgage twelve pence per year, for all rents 
 pertaining to the said burgage. [III.] If the reeve of the town challenge any 
 burgess concerning any plea, and the party challenged shall not appear at the 
 day appointed, nor any other for him, in the laghe-moot, he shall forfeit to me 
 twelve pence. [IV.] If any burgess shall sue another burgess for any debt, and 
 he has acknowledged the debt, the reeve may appoint a day for him to appear 
 (in court), viz., the eighth ; and if he comes not he shall pay me twelve pence 
 for forfeiture of the day, and pay the debt, and the reeve four pence. [V.] If 
 any burgess shall in anger strike or beat any other burgess within the borough 
 without shedding blood, he may make peace for himself in view of the bur- 
 gesses, saving my right, viz., twelve pence. [VI.] And if any one shall be sued 
 within the borough concerning any plea, he shall not answer, if a burgess to a 
 bondman, or to any other, save in his own portmannemoot, that is, concerning 
 a plea which appertains to the borough. [VII.] If any burgess or other person 
 accuse another burgess of theft, the prefect shall summon him to answer and 
 to stand judgment in the portmannemoot, saving my right. [VIII.] If any one 
 shall be sued by his neighbour, or by any other person, concerning any matter 
 which appertains to the borough, and the complainant makes no appearance 
 for three days, if the defendant shall have the testimony of the reeve and of 
 his neighbours that his adversary has failed to appear during those three davs, 
 he need give no answer to that plea, and the other shall be at the mercy (of the 
 lord of the borough). [IX.] Also no burgess ought to take bread which is for 
 sale, except at my bakehouse, according to the reasonable customs (of the 
 borough). [X.] If I shall have a mill there, the burgesses may grind at such 
 mill to the twentieth bushel ; and if I shall have no mill there, they may grind 
 wheresoever they wish. [XL] Likewise the said burgesses can choose the reeve 
 from themselves, whom they wish, and remove him at the end of the year. 
 [XII.] And when any burgesses shall wish to grant mortgage, or sell his bur- 
 gage, he may do so to any one, unless the heirs wish to buy it, and then the 
 nearest shall have the preference, saving my service, and so that it be not sold 
 to religion. [XIII.] Moreover, the burgesses may arrest their debtors for debts 
 contracted in the borough, if the debtor acknowledge the debt, unless they 
 hold a tenement in the borough. [XIV.] The chattels of tbe burgesses may 
 not be detained for any other debts than their own. [XV.] The aforesaid bur- 
 gesses also and all theirs, of whomsoever they may buy or sell, and whereso- 
 ever they may be within my lordships, whether at fairs or markets, shall be 
 free from toll, except the salt toll. [XVI.] Whosoever shall break the assize, 
 whether of bread or of beer, shall suffer a forfeiture of twelve pence three 
 times ; and the fourth time he shall perform the assize of the town. [XVII.] 
 Also the said burgesses shall have common free pasture in the wood, in the 
 plain, and in all the pastures belonging to the town of Salford ; and shall be 
 free from pannage in the same wood of the town of Salford. [XVIII.] The 
 same burgesses may take reasonably in the aforesaid wood all necessaries for
 
 12i9-1262] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 11 
 
 building and for burning. [XIX.] Any one may also implead for his wife and 
 for his family, and the wife of any person can pay his fine, to be made to the 
 reeve as he ought, and to follow the plea for her husband, if he himself chance 
 to be elsewhere. [XX.] A burgess, if he have no heir, can leave his burgage 
 and his chattels, whensoever he dies, to whom he pleases, saving my right, 
 viz., four pence, and saving the service pertaining to the said burgage ; 
 so, however, that the burgage be not alienated in religion. [XXI.] When 
 a burgess dies his widow shall remain in the house with the heir and 
 there have necessaries so long as she remain without a husband, and 
 from the time she may wish to be married again, she may depart freely, 
 without dower, and the heir as lord shall remain in the house. [XXII.] 
 Also when a burgess dies his heir shall give no further relief to me, 
 except arms, viz., of this kind — a sword, a bow, or a lance. [XXIII.] No 
 one within the wapontake of Salford, as a shoemaker, currier, fuller, or any 
 such, may exercise his calling, except in the borough, saving the liberties of 
 the barony. [XXIV.] The aforesaid burgesses, moreover, shall pay my rent 
 for the burgages at four periods of the year: viz., the Nativity of our Lord, 
 three pence ; Midlent, three pence ; the feast of the blessed John the Baptist, 
 three pence ; and the feast of the blessed Michael, three pence. [XXV.] All 
 the above pleas shall be decided before the bailiffs of the lord the earl, upon 
 view of the burgesses. [XXVI.] Whoever may wish to sell his burgage, ex- 
 cept to religion, and to leave the town, shall pay me four pence and go freely 
 wheresoever he wishes, with all his chattels. I, Ranulph, and my heirs will 
 guarantee all the aforesaid liberties and customs to the said burgesses and 
 their heirs against all men for ever, saving to me and to my heirs reasonable 
 tallage, except when the lord King impose a tallage on his boroughs through- 
 out England. In the memory whereof to this present page I have affixed my 
 seal : Before these witnesses : (1) Sir William, Justiciar of Chester ; (2) Simon 
 de Montfort ; (3) Pagan de Chauworth ; (4) Fulc son of Warren ; (5) Gilbert de 
 Segrave ; (G) Walkel de Arderne ; (7) Richard de Vernon ; (8) Roger Gernet ; 
 (9) Roger de Derby ; (10) Geoffrey de Bury ; (11) Hugh de Biron ; (12) Simon and 
 (13) John, scribes ; and many others." 
 
 For further details the reader may consult The First Charter of Salford, 
 County Lancaster, by J. E. Bailey, F.S.A., reprinted with additions, &c, from 
 the Palatine Note Book for July and August, 1882. (Manchester, 1S82.) 
 
 Robert, Baron of Manchester, died in 1230-31. He had married a daughter 
 of Henry de Longchamp, and was succeeded by his son Thomas. 
 
 1249. 
 
 Thomas Gresley had a grant of free warren over all his lands in Mamcestre 
 
 and Horwich. (Harland.) 
 
 1253-4. 
 
 Greslet's lands in Mamcestre and Horwich forest were escheated, probably 
 
 on account of his resistance to an aid sought by Henry III. for his war in 
 
 Gascony, and for a projected expedition to the Holy Land. 
 
 1259. 
 
 Thomas, Baron of Mamcestre, appointed in 1259-G0 "Justiciar" of the 
 King's forests south of the Trent. Particulars of grants of land made by him 
 are given in the Testa de JSicville. This was probably a reward for his services 
 in the expedition of the preceding year against the Welsh, who had overrun 
 Pembrokeshire. He married Christiana Ledet, and died about 1261. 
 
 1262. 
 
 Robert Gresley succeeded to the barony on the death of his grandfather, 
 Thomas. It was found by inquisition that Thomas had not infeofled his son 
 Peter of his manor of Manchester, and that the custody thereof did appertain 
 to the King, by reason of the minority of his heir, in regard it was held in 
 capite by Barony; the sheriff had command to seize it. (Dugdale.) He
 
 12 Annals of Manchester. 11281-1235 
 
 was summoned to Parliament, 1273—1276. His guardian during minority 
 was Edward Cronchback, first Earl of Lancaster. His uncle, Peter Greslet, 
 was for a time custos eccles>'ce, keeper of the church, but never held the 
 barony. Robert married Hawise, daughter of John de Eurgh, and made grants 
 of land to the Abbey of Stanlaw and to Whalley Abbey. He died 1282 [1283-4, 
 Dugdale] when about 30 years old ; whereupon Amadeus de Savoy had the cus- 
 tody of the manor of Manchester, with its members, during the minority of 
 Thomas, son and heir. (Dugdale.) 
 
 1281. 
 
 The rental of Salford, with water-mill, toll and stallage of the market and 
 fair, and pleas and perquisites of the court, amounted to £12 16s. 6|d. The 
 assize rent of Burgh ton was £2 8s.; of Ordesall £1 12s. The pleas and perquisites 
 of the court of the wapentake amounted to £4 7s. 3d. See an extract from the 
 rent-roll of Edward, Earl of Lancaster, in Harland's Mamcestre. 
 
 1282. 
 
 Thomas Greslet, who succeeded to the barony, was only three years old at 
 the time of his father's death, and during his minority was the ward of 
 Amadeus of Savoy, a royal favourite, who acted as the proxy of Prince Edward 
 of Carnarvon at his marriage with the Princess Isabella of France. 
 
 The first notice of a court in Manchester occurs in the inquisitions held 
 before the escheator and sheriff this year. These inquisitions give many 
 details as to the possessions of the lord of Manchester. The fulling mill is said 
 to be worth £1 6s. 8d.; the oven 10s. ; the Rectory of Manchester valued at 200 
 marks per annum =£133 6s. 8d. The annual value of the entire manor of Man- 
 chester, which extended far beyond the town, is calculated to have been nearly 
 equal to £6,000 of modern money. 
 
 1291. 
 
 Pope Nicholas IV. caused a valuation to be made of the ecclesiastical 
 livings in England, when Manchester was valued at £53 6s. Sd., and Prestwich 
 at £18 13s. 4d. 
 
 1295. 
 
 Hugh of Mamcestre and William of Gaynesburgh were sent as ambassadors 
 to the French King to vindicate the claim of Edward I. to the lands of Aquitakie. 
 Hugh was a man of learning and distinction, and was professor and doctor of 
 divinity, and Provincial of the Dominican Preachers in England. An impostor 
 having claimed that miracles had been performed at the tomb of Henry III., 
 Mamcestre detected the fraud and w^rote an exposure of it, which he dedi- 
 cated to Edward I., entitled " De Fanaticorum Deliriis " (or the Dotages of 
 Fanatics). " I could wish," says Fuller, "some worthy divine would resume 
 this subject." But it is doubtful if Hugh of Manchester belonged to Lanca- 
 shire, and some regard him as a native of Warwickshire. The question is dis- 
 cussed in the second volume of the Transactions of the Lancashire and 
 Cheshire Antiquarian Society. 
 
 Henry de Ancotes gives an acre of land and a messuage in Ancoats to 
 Alexander le Tinctore [the dyer], of Manchester. Another deed, probably of 
 the same date, mentions Robert, son of Robert son of Simon Tinctore. It is
 
 1301] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 13 
 
 thus clear that dyeing was carried on in the town at least as early as the middle 
 of the thirteenth century. " What fabrics," asks Mr. Harland, " were then 
 dyed in Manchester ? The oldest textile fabric of England was woollen cloth ; 
 for even in the time of the Romans a manufactory of woollen cloths was estab- 
 lished at Winchester for the use of the emperors. The English woollen manu- 
 facture is mentioned in 1185, but it was not extensive till 1331, when the 
 weaving of cloth was introduced by John Kempe and other artisans from 
 Flanders. These were then called Kendal cloths and Halifax cloths ; and 
 blankets were first made in 1340. But it is stated that the art of dyeing 
 woollens was first brought from the Low Countries to England in 1608, prior 
 to which the English cloths were usually sent white to Holland, dyed there, 
 and returned to England for sale. So late as the year 1625 two dyers of Exeter 
 were flogged for teaching their art in the north of England. The old records 
 now under consideration prove indisputably that the trade of a dyer was 
 carried on in Manchester in the thirteenth century. As early as 1311 an inqui- 
 sition post mortem specified a fulling mill at Colne ; thus showing that the 
 woollen manufacture had its seat in this county nearly thirty years before the 
 introduction of the Flemish artizans by Edward III. It may be that the Man- 
 chester dyers of the thirteenth century operated upon linen cloths, which were 
 first manufactured in England by Flemish weavers in 1253. However this may 
 be, it is clear that the manufacture of woollens existed in Lancashire at the 
 very early period when our dyers plied their trade in Manchester and Ancotes; 
 and there seems some reason for supposing that every process in the manufac- 
 ture of coloured woollens was carried on in this neighbourhood at the early 
 period now under notice." (Collcctarea.) There was a fulling mill on the Irk 
 at least as early as 1282. By the Salford Charter no one could exercise the 
 calling of fuller anywhere in the wapentake except in the town of Salford. 
 
 1301. 
 
 The charter granted to his burgesses by the lord of the manor of Manchester 
 is a document of such importance that it seems desirable to state its provisions 
 in full, since it is the instrument which decided the method of municipal 
 government for many centuries. The following translation is that adopted by 
 Mr. Harland. The charter has been elaborately annotated by that writer in his 
 Mamcestre, and by Dr. Hibbert Ware in his Foundations of Manchester. 
 
 [Charter.] 
 
 "Know [all] present and to come that I, Thomas Grelle, have given and 
 granted, and by this my present charter have confirmed, to all my burgesses of 
 Mamecestre. To wit : 
 
 " (1) That all the burgesses shall pay for every one of their burgages twelve 
 pence by the year for [or in lieu of] all service. 
 
 " (2) And if the reeve of the town [prefectus ville] shall challenge [or make 
 claims against] any burgess of any plea, and the challenged shall not come on 
 the day, nor any one for him, into the Lagh-mote, he is in forfeiture twelve 
 pence to the said lord. And the said lord shall have his plea [or action] against 
 him in the Porteman-mote. 
 
 " (3) Also, if any burgess shall implead any burgess of [or for] any debt, and 
 he [the debtor] shall acknowledge the debt, the reeve may appoint him a day,
 
 14 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1301 
 
 to wit, the eighth ; and if he shall not come at the day he shall pay twelve 
 pence for forfeiture of the day to the aforesaid lord ; and he shall pay the debt, 
 and to the reeve eight pence. 
 
 " (4) And if any one maketh complaint of anything, and shall not find 
 surety and bondsmen, and afterwards is willing to withdraw his complaint, he 
 shall be without forfeiture. 
 
 " (5) Also, if any burgess in the borough shall wound any burgess on the 
 Lord's Day, or from noon on Saturday until Monday, he shall be in forfeiture 
 of twenty shillings. And if on Monday, or on the other days of the week, he 
 shall wound any one, he shall fall into [or incur] the penalty of twelve pence 
 towards the afpresaid lord. 
 
 " (6) Also, if any burgess shall quarrel [or strive, certaverit] with any one, 
 and, through anger, shall strike him, without bloodshed, and shall be able to 
 return to his house without challenge of the reeve or his servants, he shall be 
 free from the plea from the reeve. And if he shall be able to sustain [or justify] 
 the assault against him on whom he committed it, he shall do well. But if, 
 nevertheless, by the counsel of his friends, he make peace with him, this also 
 [he may do] without forfeiture to the reeve. 
 
 " (7) Also, if any one shall be impleaded in the borough of any plea, he 
 need not make answer either to burgess or villein, save in his Porteman-mote, 
 nor even to a vavasour, except to a plea that belongeth to the King's Crown, 
 and in one for robbery [or theft, latrocinio]. 
 
 " (8) Also, if any one accuse another burgess of theft [latrocinio] the reeve 
 may attach him [the accused] to make answer in the lord's court, and to abide 
 [its] judgment. 
 
 "(9) Also, if any shall be impleaded of his neighbour, or of any one, and 
 shall be in suit [or in attendance] three days, if he shall have testimony of the 
 reeve and of his neighbours of the Porteman-mote that his adversary hath de- 
 faulted [been absent] on those three days, after that he shall give no answer to 
 him upon that plea. 
 
 " (10) Also, the aforesaid burgesses shall follow [do suit at] the mill of the 
 aforesaid lord and his oven [or bake-house], paying to the aforesaid mill and to 
 the aforesaid oven the customs as they ought and are wont to do. 
 
 " (11) Also, the burgesses ought, and have power, to choose the reeve of 
 themselves, whom they will, and to remove the reeve. 
 
 " (12) Also, no one can put his neighbour to his oath unless he have suit of 
 some [elamorcn] [against him]. 
 
 " (13) Also, no one can receive [in purchase] anything within the town save 
 by the view of the reeve. 
 
 " (14) Also, it shall be lawful for any one to sell or give his land, which is 
 not of inheritance, if he shall fall into necessity, to whomsoever he will, unless 
 his heir will buy it. But the heir ought to be the nearest [or first] to have the 
 buying of it of him. 
 
 " (15) Also, every one can sell [land] of his inheritance, whether more or 
 less, or the whole, by consent of his heir. And if, perchance, the heir be un- 
 willing, nevertheless if he [the burgess] shall fall into necessity, it shall be law- 
 ful for him to sell what is of his inheritance, whatever age the heir may be. 
 
 " (16) Also, the reeve ought to deliver [or give possession] to every burgess
 
 1301] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 15 
 
 and to the farmers [or renters] their shops [or sheds] in the market place, and 
 the reeve ought therefor to receive one penny, to the use of the aforesaid lord. 
 
 " (17) If a burgess or a farmer will stand in the shops [or sheds] of the mer- 
 chants, he ought to agree to pay [or, perhaps, pay beforehand, pacare] to the 
 aforesaid lord as much as a stranger. And if he stand in his proper shop [or 
 shed], then he is to give nothing to the aforesaid lord. 
 
 " (18) Also, the burgesses may fatten their swine which are nearly fattened 
 in the woods of their lord, except in the forests and parks of the aforesaid lord, 
 until the term [or time] of pannage. And if they will, at the aforesaid term, 
 withdraw it shall be lawful for them, without licence of the lord. And if they 
 will make stay there for the term of pannage, for the pannage they shall satisfy 
 *he aforesaid lord. 
 
 "(19) Also, if any one shall be impleaded before the day of the Lagh-mote, 
 and shall then come, it behoveth him to answer, and he ought not to essoin 
 [excuse] himself without forfeiture. And if he shall then [on the Lagh-mote 
 day] be first impleaded, then he shall have the first day [i.e., in which to 
 answer]. 
 
 " (20) Also, the burgesses may arrest [namare] men, whether knights, or 
 priests, or clerks, for their debts, if they shall be found in the borough. 
 
 " (21) Also, if necessity fall that any one sell his burgage, he may receive 
 [or rent] another burgage of his neighbour. And every burgess may deliver 
 [i.e., let or give possession of] his burgage to his neighbour, by the view of his 
 co-burgesses. 
 
 " (22) Also, it may be lawful for the aforesaid burgesses to deliver [convey 
 or give possession of, tradere] their own proper chattels to whomsoever they 
 will, within the fee of the aforesaid lord, freely, without licence from the afore- 
 said lord. 
 
 " (23) Also, if a burgess lend [commodaverit, i.e., lend things to be returned 
 in kind] anything to a man villein in the borough, and the term [of the loan] 
 thereof shall expire in the borough, he may take a distress upon [the goods of] 
 the villein, and by his distress may certify him. And he may restore the dis- 
 tress [or goods distrained] by [or on the security of] bondsmen, even to the end 
 of eight days, and then the bondsmen may return either the distress or the 
 money. 
 
 " (24) Also, a burgess, of whomsoever he shall buy or sell within the fee of 
 the aforesaid lord, shall be free from toll. And if any one of another shire [or 
 town] shall come who ought to pay customs, and shall depart with the toll, 
 withholding it from the reeve or from other of his [servants], he shall be in 
 forfeiture twelve pence to the use of the lord. And he shall pay his toll. 
 
 " (25) And if any one shall lend to another anything without witness, he 
 [the borrower] need not make any answer unless he [the lender] shall have 
 witness [or evidence, testimonium]. And if he [the lender] shall have witness, 
 he [the borrower] may deny it by the oaths of two men. 
 
 " (26) Also, whoso breaketh the assise, whether of bread or of ale, he shall 
 be in forfeiture of twelve pence to the use of the lord. 
 
 "(27) Also, if any one shall wound another in the borough, the reeve ought 
 to attach him, if he be found outside his house, by surety and bondsmen. 
 
 " (28) Also, every one ought to be, and may be, at plea [or impleaded] for
 
 16 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1301-1309 
 
 his wife and family ; and the wife of every one may pay his rent to the reeve, 
 and follow a plea [or attend a suit] for her husband, if he shall, perchance, be 
 elsewhere. 
 
 " (29) Also, if any villein shall make claim of anything of burgesses, they 
 [the burgesses] ought not to make answer to him unless he shall have the suit 
 of [or from] burgesses or other lawful [or law-worthy] men. 
 
 " (30) Also, a burgess, if he shall have no heir, may bequeath his burgage 
 and his chattels when he dies wheresoever he shall please, saving, however, 
 the lord's service. 
 
 " (31) Also, if any burgess die his wife ougbt to remain in the house, and 
 there she may have necessaries as long as she wills to be without a husband, 
 and the heir with her. And when she will marry she shall depart. And the 
 heir shall remain there as the lord. 
 
 "(32) Also, if a burgess die his heir shall give no other relief to the afore- 
 said lord save arms of some [or whatsoever] kind. 
 
 " (33) If a burgess sell his burgage and willeth to depart from the town, he 
 sball give to the lord four pence, and he may go freely whithersoever he will. 
 
 " (34) Moreover, all the pleas aforesaid shall be determined before the 
 steward by the enrolment of the clerk of the aforesaid lord. 
 
 " (35) And all the aforenamed liberties, I, the aforesaid Thomas, and my 
 beirs, will hold to the aforesaid burgesses and their heirs for ever ; saving to 
 me and my heirs reasonable tollage, when the lord the King shall make tollage 
 Upon his free boroughs throughout England. And that this donation and 
 grant may be ratified and established, I have confirmed this writing by the 
 affixing [thereto] my seal. These being witnesses : — 
 
 foirs John Byron, ) _ . , 
 
 J- Knights. 
 )N, ) 
 
 "Richard Byron, 
 " Henry de Trafford, 
 • " Richard de Hulton, 
 " Adam de Prestwyche, 
 " Roger de Pilkington, 
 " Geoffrey de Chaderton, 
 " Richard de Moston, 
 " John de Prestwyche, 
 " And others. 
 " Given at Mamecester the fourteenth day of May, in the year of the Lor a 
 one thousand three hundred and one ; and in the year of the reign of King 
 Edward, son of King Henry [i.e., Edward I.] the twenty-ninth." 
 
 1307. 
 
 Thomas de Gresley summoned to Parliament, March 10, and invested with 
 the Order of the Bath. 
 
 1309. 
 
 For some unexplained cause Thomas de Greslet, with several Lancashire 
 gentlemen, went to reside with his only sister Joan, the wife of Sir John la 
 Warre, Baron of Wickwar, in Gloucestershire. Here he executed a deed by 
 which, in return for an annuity of 100 marks =£G6 13s. 4d., he formally granted
 
 1311-1340] Annals of Manchester. 17 
 
 to Sir John and his wife the manor of Manchester, and the advowsons of the 
 churches of Manchester and Ashton. Notwithstanding this transfer of his 
 baronial rights he continued to be regarded as the lord of Manchester, and, as 
 such, was summoned to serve in the wars and in parliament from 1307 to 1313, 
 the year of his death. The matter is further complicated by the fact that La 
 Warre alienated the barony in 1310-11 to the abbey of Dore, in Herefordshire. 
 
 1311. 
 
 The "Great De Lacy inquisition," and the Birch Feodary, both of which 
 are full}- translated in Harland's Mamcestre, give particulars as to the tenants 
 of the manor of Manchester. 
 
 1313. 
 
 Thomas de Greslet died without issue. The name of this family is variously 
 spelled, Greslet, Gresley, Greslei, Gredle, and Gredley. 
 
 1320. 
 
 A survey of the manor was taken in this year. The document, not quite 
 perfect, is printed with a translation by Mr. Harland. 
 
 1322. 
 
 In this year there was an " Extent" of the manor, which was then held of 
 the Duchy of Lancaster. Two separate and different copies of this document 
 are printed by Mr. Harland. The demesne in Manchester contained about 
 3,550} statute acres of arable land. There were 38 acres of heath land, and 85 
 more claimed by the tenants by prescription. There were 32G acres of pasture 
 land. Mamcestre had woods and moors of Tutbury, which on account of their 
 great size and diversity were not measured. The wood of Alport with its 
 aeries of hawks, herons, and eagles, bees' honey, and the like issues, was worth 
 os. 8d. The wood of Bradford was being destroyed, and comprised a mile in 
 circuit. The park of Blakely, seven miles in circuit, was valued at 53s. 4d., and 
 contained two deer leaps " of the grant of Kings." The woods of Horewith 
 and Openshagh, the wastes of Curmesall and Denton, the lord's mill, the 
 common oven, and the fulling mill of Manchester are also named. 
 
 Annual amount of the tolls and stallage for the markets and fairs of Man- 
 chester was £G 13s. 4d. 
 
 1325. 
 
 John la Warre, ninth baron of Manchester, again obtained possession of 
 the manor, which reverted to him as an escheat from the Abbey of Dore, in 
 1325-26. 
 
 1330. 
 
 " About 1330 lived Thomas Langford, the famous historian, a Dominican 
 friar, of Chelmsford in Essex, who is supposed to be one of the Langfords of the 
 Hough."— Hollinworth's Mancuniensis. 
 
 1340. 
 
 Parliament gave to Edward III. a subsidy of ninths, that is, the ninth 
 lamb, fleece, and sheaf, for two years. Foreign merchants, not dwelling in cities
 
 18 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1347-1366 
 
 or boroughs, were assessed at no more than a fifteenth on their goods and 
 movables. The Hundred of Salford contained no one who was liable to the 
 fifteenth. The jury of assessors also returned the ninth, or at a sum much too 
 low to please the commissioners. Instead of 80 marks it was placed at about 
 35J marks. 
 
 1347. 
 
 John la Warre died 9th May, 1347. He was a soldier who saw a great deal 
 of active service. He went with the expedition to Flanders in 1297. He was 
 constantly engaged in the Scotch wars. In 1340, when the French were defeated 
 in the great naval battle off Sluys, La Warre was present. He also fought 
 with distinction at Cressy. 
 
 Roger la Warre, the tenth baron, was the grandson of the ninth baron. 
 He was a warrior like his grandfather, and at Poitiers was one of the knights 
 to whom the French king surrendered. He was twice married, and left two 
 sons, and a daughter who became the wife of Thomas, Baron West. Roger 
 died in 1370. 
 
 1348. 
 
 A destructive pestilence spread over England. The labours of husbandry 
 were neglected ; no courts of justice were opened ; and Parliament was 
 prorogued. 
 
 1351. 
 
 Henry "the Good," Earl of Derby, created first Duke of Lancaster, with 
 the same jura regalia as the Earls Palatine of Chester had ever enjoyed. The 
 Duchy became consequently a petty kingdom, and some of its original regula- 
 tions are yet in force. 
 
 1352. 
 
 "A Commission was granted by the Bishop of Lichfeeld for the dedication 
 of the chappell yard of Didsbury, within the parish of Manchester, for the 
 buriall of such as died of the Pestilence in that hamlet, and in neigboring 
 hamlets, in the chappell-yard there, because of their distance from the parish 
 church of Manchester." 
 
 1359. 
 
 The bailiffs of the Duke of Lancaster having annexed certain inhabitants, 
 commissioners were appointed to inquire whether Roger la Warre held, as he 
 asserted, the town as a borough and market town. The inquiry was held at 
 Preston, when John de Radeclif and twelve others declared on oath that Roger 
 did not hold Manchester as a borough, but that he and his predecessors had 
 held it from a time to which memory goeth not as a market town. The result 
 would be that the town was no longer free from suit to the county and 
 wapentake. 
 
 1366. 
 
 The Sheriff of Lancashire, after returning two knights for the shire, adds : 
 " There are no cities or burghs within this county from which any citizens or 
 burgesses can or were wont to come, by reason of their inability, low condition,
 
 1368-14221 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 19 
 
 or poverty." Lancaster and Preston had been represented sundry times before, 
 in the reigns of Edwards I., II., and III. ; but from this date to the reign oi 
 Edward IV. no I'eturns were made from the county. 
 
 1368. 
 
 The earliest record relating to "the Old Bridge," or, as it seems originally 
 to have been called, "the Salford Bridge," is the will of Thomas del Bothe, 
 who is described as an opulent yeoman, resident at Barton, in the parish of 
 Eccles, and of whom it is stated that he built a chapel on Salford Bridge, where 
 prayers were wont to be made, as usual in those times, for the repose of the 
 soul of the founder. His will directs the gift to the bridge of Salford of £30, 
 payable in the three years next following his death in equal portions. 
 
 1370. 
 
 John la Warre, at the age of twenty-six, became the eleventh baron of 
 Manchester. He took a share in the wars of Gascony, and died, unmarried, 
 27th July, 1398. 
 
 1371. 
 
 Thomas la Warre was presented to the vacant living of Ashton-under-Lyne. 
 
 1373. 
 
 About this date Thomas la Warre is believed to have resigned his living of 
 Ash ton and to have been inducted as rector of Manchester. 
 
 1375. 
 
 John la Warre, Lord of Manchester, granted to Nicholas de Longford the 
 manor of Withington, on condition of finding one judge for the lord's court. 
 {Mamcestre.) 
 
 1382-3. 
 
 Richard II. gave a special dispensation to John la Warre, Lord of Wakerley 
 and Baron of Manchester, by which he was not required to attend Parliament 
 during the remainder of his life. (Mamcestre.) 
 
 1398. 
 
 Thomas la Warre, who on the death of his brother became the twelfth 
 baron of Manchester, was a priest, and rector of Mamcestre. He alienated his 
 barony and estates from his heir-at-law, and settled them upon his half-sister 
 Joan, wife of Thomas, Lord West, and her issue. 
 
 1422. 
 
 The collegiation of the parish church is thus described by ITollinworth : — 
 "This Thomas being Lord of the manor and parson of the church, as well 
 as Patron, considering that the Parish was large and populous, and that the 
 former Hectors, some neuer, did reside, bethoughte himself as well for the 
 greater honor of the place, as the better edification of the people, to erect a 
 Collegiate church in Manchester: to that purpose hee procured licence from 
 Henry the 5th, dated Anno reg. 9, May 22, vnder the scale of the Dutchy for 
 appropriation of the Rectory and foundation of the Colledge, for which 200
 
 20 Annals of Manchester 
 
 [1422 
 
 markes were payd into the Hanaper or Exchequer of the Chancery. Then the 
 Parishioners, viz. : — 
 
 "Churchwardens: Lawrence Hulme, Henry Bulkeley. Knights: John 
 le Byron, Johannes de RadclifFe. Gentlemen : Edmund Trafford, John de Booth, 
 Badulph Longford, Thurstan de Holland, Jacob Strangewayes, Robert de Hyde, 
 Robert de Booth, Otho de Reddich, Johannes de Barlow, Radulph de Prestwich, 
 Petrus de Workeslie, Jacob de Hulme, Joannes de Hulton, William de Birches, 
 John Bamford, Laurentius de Barlow, Galfridus Hopwood, Galfridus de Hilton, 
 William de Highfeeld. 
 
 " And all and every Parishioners gathered together at the sound of the bell, 
 and the community and university of the sayd parish, so farre as this might 
 any way concerne them, did for themselves, their heires and successors, give 
 their free assent and consent thervnto, and draw up a writing to that purpose, 
 sealed with the deeds of the Deane of Manchester and aboue twenty other seales 
 
 " Then the sayd Thomas de la Warre made a deed of gift and feoffment oi 
 his lands and Rectory of Manchester to Thomas, Bishop of Durham (who was 
 allso chauncelor of England, and amongst other his good workes founded two 
 schools at Place-greene, one of Grammer, and the other of MusickeV John 
 Heneye, Richard Lombard, Parson of Holtham church, and Richard Firth. 
 
 " This Thomas, Bishop of Durham, &c, founded a Collegiate Church ; 
 consisting of one Keeper or Master, eight fellowes chaplaines, foure clerkes, and 
 sixe choristers, in honor of St. Mary (to whom this Parish church was formerly 
 dedicated, and of St. Dyonyse, Patron St. of France, and St. George, Patron St. 
 of England (the sayd Thomas de la Warre being partly a French-man and 
 partly an Engliah-man) ; and having first resigned by Proxy, made to William 
 Brinkley, cannon of Litchfeeld, and to Thomas Clerke, Chaplaine. 
 
 "This was allso confirmed first, by Richard Crosby, Prior of the convent of 
 Coventry, and Henry Hallsall, Archdeacon of Chester, and then by William, 
 Bishop, and Thomas Strelton, Deane, and the chapter, at Litchfeeld. 
 
 "Then Thomas de la Warre presented to William, Bishop of Coventry and 
 Litchfield, John Huntingdon to bee the Master or Keeper of the sayd Colledge ; 
 find the sayd Thomas, Bishop of Durham, &c, did give, grant, and confirmed 
 vnto the sayd John Huntingdon five Messuages and ten Acres of land, which 
 were parcells of the manor of Manchester, one Messuage with the appur- 
 tenances with one acre and twenty foure Pearches, called Barrons hull and 
 Barrons yerde ; eight acres of land in Neder Aldport ; one messuage in Gorton 
 greene, of eleven pearches ; another in Heaton, of eleven pearches. 
 
 "This John Huntingdon, Batchelor in Degrees, and Rector of Assheton- 
 vnder-lyme, was warden neere forty years, a man learned in the learning of 
 those times, very devout and magnificent, hee built the Chancel or Quire, in 
 the midst whereof and iust before the high altar, as then it stood, hee lyes 
 buried with the suitable inscription, Domine dilexi decorem domus tuae. His 
 Rebus or name-devyse (a custome borrowed from the French) is to bee seene 
 on either side of the Middle arch, as it looketh Eastward : on the Syde is an 
 Huntsman with dogges whereby hee thought to expresse the two former 
 Billables of his name ; Hunting ; on the other syde, a vessell called a Tonne, 
 which being joined together makes Huntington ; which is as good or better 
 than Morton, A. B. of Canterbury, a man of a prudent and publique Spirit, was
 
 1422] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 21 
 
 content to use, viz. Mor uppon a tonne, and sometimes a mulbery Tree, called 
 in Latine, Moras, coming out of a tonne, to express his name of Morton. 
 
 " About this time, or not long before, for ought appeares ended, the present 
 large and stately stone buildinge, which we call the Church, being formerly a 
 vast wooden building not much vnlike (save that probably it was more adorned) 
 to the Boothes where the Court Leete, Court Baron, of the Lord, and the 
 quarter Sessions, are now kept. Credible tradition sayth the one part of the 
 sayd wooden building was removed to Oardsall, another part to Clayton ; but 
 the maine body was remooved to Trafford, which is standing to this day, and 
 now called the greate Barne. Who did most in the building of it is not cer- 
 tainly known, but the names and amies of the Stanleys Wests, Radcliffes of 
 Radcliffe (some remainder of the Alabaster Statues (as it is sayd) of twoo of 
 them are yet on the North Syde of the Quire), Byrons, Radcliffes of Oardsall, 
 and others now or lately in the windowes, doe witness their assistance : oneiy 
 one Richard Bexwick did many workes of piety and charity towards the 
 Master and fellowes, and for the decent and honorable reparation and amend • 
 ment of the sayd Quire and body of the sayd church ; and other Parishioners 
 doubtless did freely contribute thereunto ; hence is that vulgar mistake that 
 Didsbury church is more ancient than Manchester, which ammounts to no 
 more truth (if so much) than that the present structure of Didsbury chappell 
 is more ancient than the present structure of Manchester church, asallso their 
 Font was much bigger, because when dipping of children and baptizing of 
 Heathens grew most out of vse, then the Baptisteries were lesse or lesse. 
 
 " The windowes were richly painted, the east window of the South Isle 
 had Michael and his Angells ; the nine orders of Angells fighting with the 
 Dragon and his Angells: the East window of the North Isle had St. # 
 Austen and St. Ambrose singing Te Deum laudamus, and the other 
 windowes represented some canonical or Ecclesiasticall story. In the middle 
 Stanchion evry window, especially in the twenty-four vppermost windowes, 
 was the picture of the Virgine Mary. But at the uppmost end of the Outmost 
 North ally, neere to Strangewaies chappell, was a very rich window, whereby 
 way described our Saviors arreignement and crucifixion, with some pictures of 
 the Trinity with these verses : 
 
 tOob thai lis of might]] most 
 
 <$abur anb Son anb JQoIn (Dost 
 
 <&!>{£ gr* 
 
 ginb lutpc tbanr sonlis ont of (nil 
 
 £ hat mabc tbns fonnbo as tic man se 
 
 3a tuorsbjujje oi the Srcnitc. 
 
 ,|hnt gobt cnbinge 
 
 . . . % gs bimbo gaff anj} tbijngc. 
 "In this corner vnder this window, its probable there stood an altar, and 
 that it was a place of much devotion, it is sayd it was for the count rey. 
 
 "In the chappell, where morning sermons were wont to bee preached, 
 called St. George his chappell, belonging now to John Radcliffe, of Oardsall, 
 Esquire, was the Statue of St. George on horseback, hanged up ; his horse was 
 
 * Forte, give them grace to do welL t Forte, give them. t Forte, That to
 
 22 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1427-1465 
 
 lately in the Sadlers shop. The Statues of the Virgin Mary, and St. Dyonyse, 
 the other Patron Saints, were uppon the two highest pillars next to the Quire, 
 vnto them men did bow at their corning into the church." 
 
 The reasons for the collegiation of the church have been fully investigated 
 and stated in the supplement to Hibbert Ware's Foundations of Manchester. 
 
 1427. 
 
 Thomas la Warre, rector of Manchester, lord of the manor, founder of the 
 Collegiate Church, died without issue 1426-27, and was buried at Swineshead 
 Abbey. 
 
 1428. 
 
 Sir Reginald West, who was born in 1394, appointed Sir Edmund Trafford, 
 William Chauntrell, and Thomas Overton, his attorneys, to receive seizin for 
 him of and in the manor of Manchester, and the advowson and patronage of 
 the church. 
 
 1451. 
 
 Sir Reginald West died 27th August, 1451. He made one, if not two pil- 
 grimages to Palestine. He had also made a pilgrimage to Rome. He was 
 succeeded by his son, Sir Richard West. 
 
 1457. 
 
 John Huntington, D.D., first warden of the College, died November 11, 
 and was buried at the east end of the choir. His rebus is still to be seen upon 
 the eastern side of the middle arch of the choir. On the left-hand side of the 
 arch is a huntsman with dogs, and on the right-hand side a vessel called a 
 tonne or tun ; and these devices put together represent the name of Hunting- 
 ton. "Dr. Huntington was learned in the learning of those times : one very 
 devout, magnificent, and of public spirit. He was the mover and contriver of 
 that great work of erecting the stone church now in being, of which he built 
 the choir and aisles." 
 
 Sir Edmund Trafford of Trafford died. He was in the confidence of Henry 
 VI., whose dreams of avarice he fanned by visions of the philosopher's stone, and 
 of the possibility of changing all the baser metals into gold and silver. On the 
 7th of April, 1446, the King granted a patent to this Trafford and to Sir Thomas 
 Ashton, setting forth that certain persons had maligned them with the charac- 
 ter of working by unlawful arts, and might disturb them in their experiments, 
 and, therefore, the King gave them special lease and licence to work and try 
 their art and science, lawfully and freely, in spite of any statute or order to 
 the contrary. The King, in issuing this commission, was overriding the pro- 
 vision of 5 Henry IV., c. 4, and if Sir Edmund succeeded in finding the 
 aurum potabile he carried the secret with hirn to the grave. 
 
 1459. 
 
 John Booth appointed warden. He was deprived by Edward IV. in 1465. 
 He was a younger brother of Booth, of Barton. 
 
 1465. 
 
 Sir Ralph Langley, clerk (second son of Langley, of Agecroft), rector of
 
 1470-1486] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 23 
 
 Prestwich, appointed warden. Resigned July 27, 1481. He zealously continued 
 the improvements of the church began by Warden Huntington, and gave a 
 clock and chimes. He was buried at Prestwich. 
 
 1470. 
 
 About this time Warwick, the king-maker, came in hot haste to Man- 
 chester to ask help from his brother-in-law, the Lord Stanley, who then had a 
 dwelling in the Aldport. 
 
 1471. 
 
 Somewhere between 1471 and 1484 the Abbot of Abingdon came to Man- 
 chester in company with the Collector of the Apostolic Chamber and Gold Hall, 
 from whom who would might buy plenary indulgences as effectual as if their 
 purchasers had performed the pilgrimage to Rome, and had been there on the 
 great day of the church's jubilee. The occasion for which the money was 
 needed was said to be the defence of the Christian world against the Turks. 
 
 1473. 
 
 The "Rental" of Thomas West, Lord of Mamcestre, son and heire of Lord 
 la Warre, and Ellinor his consort, made at Mamcestre, May 1, 13 Edward IV., 
 which is in the year 1473. There are some difficulties, however, as to the date, 
 and it is just possible that it may refer to the 23rd year of Edward IV., that is, 
 1507-8. There appears then to have been about 150 burgages in the town. 
 
 1475. 
 
 Thomas West, eighth Baron de la Warre and fifteenth lord of Manchester, 
 obtained special livery of his lands in September, 1475, though then a minor. 
 
 1476. 
 
 Sir Richard West, fourteenth baron of Manchester, is said to have died 
 10th March, 1476, though according to another account he was summoned to 
 parliament in January, 1497. He was a staunch partizan of the House of Lan 
 caster, and in 1400 had a grant of £10 per annum from the forfeited possessions 
 of Richard Duke of York. In 1403 he had a grant authorising him to go beyond 
 the seas. 
 
 1481. 
 
 James Stanley appointed warden. He was a younger son of Thomas, Lord 
 Stanley, created in 1485 Earl of Derby by Henry VII. 
 
 Sir Ralph Langley, former warden of the Cathedral, died July 27th. 
 
 1485. 
 
 James Stanley, D.D., archdeacon of Richmond and warden of Manchester, 
 died. (Hollinworth.) He was succeeded by James Stanley, afterwards Bishop 
 of Ely. 
 
 1486. 
 
 A tenement lying at " Salford bryge ende open the west syde," mentioned 
 in a deed executed 10th November. (Palatine Note-book, vol. v., p. 132.)
 
 2.4) Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1493-1509 
 
 1493. 
 
 The tenement at Salford Bridge-end named in a deed 1 February (Palatine 
 Note-book, vol. iv., p. 132). See under date 1486. 
 
 1495. 
 
 Henry VII. visited the Earl of Derby at Latham, and they afterwards came 
 by Warrington to Manchester. At Latham a curious incident occurred. 
 Earlier in the year took place the execution of Sir William Stanley, the Earl of 
 Derby's brother, who ten years earlier had placed the tottering crown on 
 Henry's brow at Bosworth field. The King and the Earl stood on the leads of 
 the house to view the country. "The Earl's fool was in company, who, 
 observing the King draw near to the edge of the leads, not guarded with 
 business, he stepped up to the Earl, and, pointing down to the precipice, said, 
 ' Tom, remember Will !' " The King made a hasty exit, and left the fool to 
 lament the failure of his lord to avenge the death of his brother. 
 
 1505. 
 
 "Care was taken for the reparation of the chappell standing on Salford 
 Bridge, built, as it is sayd, by Thomas del Booth, in Edward III.'s time. He 
 certainely gave £30 towards the building of Salford Bridge ; and it was very 
 usual on greater bridges to build chappells, in which they did pray for the 
 soules of their founders. This chappell is now converted to a prison for Man- 
 chester and Salford." (Hollinworth's Mancuniensis.^ 
 
 1506. 
 
 Richard Beswick erected the Jesus Chapel on the south side of the south 
 aisle of the choir of the Collegiate Church. (Hollinworth.) The next Trafford 
 Chapel, he says, was built by Thomas del Booth, who gave it. to Hugh Scholes, 
 chaplain, who gave it to Sir John Trafford. The highest chapel was probably 
 built by the Byrons. In the Strangeways chapel there was " a pardon " under a 
 picture of the Resurrection of Christ from the Sepulchre. The pardon, five 
 paternosters, five aves, and a creede, is xxvj. thousand, and xxvj. days 
 of pardon. (Hollinworth.) A similar pardon, brass, at Macclesfield has 
 excited much attention, and it has been suggested that it may be the one 
 removed from Manchester. (See Palatine Note-book, vol. iv., pp. 127, 154, 225.) 
 
 1508. 
 
 The chapel near to the porch of the Collegiate Church was built by Mr. 
 William Galley, a merchant of Manchester, who died in 1508, aod is buried in 
 this chapel. (Hollinworth.) 
 
 1509. 
 
 Robert Cliffe, Bachelor in Degrees, appointed Warden. 
 
 Sir James Stanley, Warden of Manchester, promoted to the bishopric of 
 Ely. Jortin, in his Life of Erasmus, says: "At this time he (Erasmus) 
 refused a large pension, and larger promises, from a young illiterate English- 
 man, who was to be made a bishop, and who wanted to have him for a pre 
 ceptor. This youth seems to have been James Stanley, son of the Earl of 
 Derby, and son-in-law to Margaret, the King's mother, and afterwards made
 
 1512-1526] Annals of Manchester. 25 
 
 Bishop of Ely by her interest. However, it appears that the young gentleman, 
 though ignorant, had a desire to learn something, and to qualify himself in 
 some measure for the station in which he was to be placed." 
 
 1512. 
 
 Chorlton Chapel erected about this time. 
 
 1513. 
 
 Sir James Stanley, Warden of Manchester and Bishop of Ely, in conjunc- 
 tion with others of his family, commenced the erection of the large chapel 
 dedicated to St. John the Baptist, and the small chantry adjoining to it, now 
 called the Derby Chapel. 
 
 1514. 
 
 Sir Edmund TrafFord of Trafford died. In the same year he had been 
 created a Knight of the Bath by Henry VIII. 
 
 1518. 
 
 George West, a kinsman of West, Lord La Warre, appointed warden of 
 the college. 
 
 1519. 
 
 Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter, the founder of the Free Grammar School, 
 died June 15. He was born, it is believed, in Crumpsall, and was educated 
 both at Oxford and Cambridge, but took his degree of doctor of divinity at the 
 latter place. He was a great patron of learning, and an extensive benefactor 
 of Corpus Christi College. Having fallen under the displeasure of Leo X. for 
 refusing to abide by his decision in a case of dispute between himself and the 
 Abbot of Tavistock, he was excommunicated. The Free Grammar School was 
 founded in pursuance of his will. To this good work the venerable prelate was 
 moved, "considering," as the statutes say, "the bringing up of children in 
 their adolescence, and to occupy them in good learning therein, when they 
 should come to age and virility, whereby they may better know, love, honour, 
 and dread God and His laws ; and that the liberal science or art of grammar iss 
 the ground and foundation of all other liberal arts and sciences ; and for the 
 good mind which he did bear to the county of Lancaster, where the children 
 had pregnant wits, but had been mostly brought up rudely or idly, and not in 
 virtue, cunning, education, literature, and in good manners." The original 
 income was about £29 per annum. Details of its history and founder may be 
 found in Hibbert Ware's Foundations of Manchester, Espinasse's Lancaslii re. 
 Worthies, Edwards' Manchester Worthies and their Foundations, and 
 Smith's Admission Registers of the Manchester Grammar School. 
 
 1520. 
 
 St. Mary's Chapel, at the east end of the choir of the Collegiate Church, 
 Ouilt by Sir George West, warden. 
 
 Martin Briam, a famous clothier. (Sec under date 1120.) 
 
 1526. 
 
 Thomas West, eighth Lord La Warre and fifteenth Lord of Mamcestre,
 
 2G Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1532-1535 
 
 died about January, 1525-6, as his will was proved in February. He was a 
 favourite of Henry VII., who rewarded his aids by grants from the forfeited 
 estates of " Jockey of Norfolk," slain at Bosworth Field. He was created a 
 Knight of the Bath in 1489. He served with the army in Flanders in 1491, and 
 in 1490 had a large share in the suppression of the rebellion in Cornwall. He 
 was made a K.G. in 1510, and was installed at Windsor on the same occasion as 
 the King of Portugal. At the famous Battle of the Spurs, in 1513, his valour 
 earned him the distinction of knight banneret. He escorted Charles V. from 
 Graveline to England in May, 1522. He was succeeded by his eldest son Thomas, 
 ninth Baron de la Warre. 
 
 James Stanley, Bishop of Ely and Warden of Manchester College, died 
 March 22, and was buried on the north side of Derby Chapel. He is said to 
 have died excommunicated. Fuller, adverting to his place of residence, 
 observed : " He blamed not the prelate for passing the summer with his brother, 
 the Earl of Derby, in Lancashire, but for living all the winter at Somersham 
 with one who was not his sister, and who wanted nothing to make her his wife 
 save marriage." In 1513 tbe Bishop of Ely sent his natural son, John Stanley, 
 with his own retainers, to assist Sir Edward Stanley in the Battle of Flodden 
 Field. Here young Stanley is believed to have been knighted. Notwithstand- 
 ing his prowess, he appears to have been " sicklied o'er with a pale cast of 
 thought," his favourite mottoes being those of the preacher who declares vanitas 
 vanitatum, omnia vanitas. In 1523 he became engaged in a dispute with one 
 of the Leghs, of Adlington, who had married the daughter of a mistress of 
 Cardinal Wolsey. That haughty prelate summoned Sir John to London, and 
 committed him to the Fleet until he surrendered his lease. Sir John founded 
 a chantry in the church of Manchester, and arranged his estates for the benefit 
 of his wife and child. Then by mutual consent a divorce was pronounced 
 between him and Dame Margaret, and he became a monk of the order of St 
 Benedict in the Abbey of Westminster. His wife, when the divorce was 
 arranged, intended to enter a nunnery, but anticipating the sentiment of a 
 once popular song, she altered her mind and married Sir Urian Brereton. 
 When Stanley settled his property, he directed that his son was not to be 
 married until he was 21, and then he was to choose his own wife by the advice 
 of the Abbott of Westminster and Edmund Trafford. 
 
 1532. 
 
 St. Lawrence's (originally St. James's), Denton, built about this time; 
 chancel added 1800 ; gallery erected, 1728 ; pewing renewed, 1768 ; various 
 restorations, 1791. 
 
 1533. 
 
 Sir Edmund Trafford the 2nd died. He was born in 1485, and was one of 
 the first feoffees of Manchester Grammar School. 
 
 1535. 
 
 The clear revenue of the Collegiate Church was returned,to the First Fruits 
 Office, 26 Henry VIII., as £213 10s. lid. 
 George ColL'ar appointed Warden.
 
 1538-15481 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 27 
 
 1538. 
 
 Manchester visited by John Leland, the antiquary, who thus describes it : 
 " Mancestre, on the south side of the Irwel river, stondeth in Salfordshiret, 
 and is the fairest, best buildid, quikkest, and most populus tounne of all Lau- 
 castreshire, yet is in hit one Paroch Chirch, but is a College, and almost 
 ihorowhowt doble ilyd ex quadrato lapide durissimo, wherof a goodly 
 0[uarre is hard by the towne. There be divers stone bridges in the towne, but 
 the best of iii arches is over Irwel. This bridge dividith Manchestre from Sal- 
 ford, the wich is a large suburbe to Manchestre. On this bridge is a praty 
 little chapel. . . . And almost ii flyte shottes withowt the towne beneth on 
 the same syde of Irwel yet be seene the dikes and fundations of Old Man 
 Castel (Ould Manchester in Burton's transcript of Leland's MSS.) yn a ground 
 now inclosid. The stones of the ruines of this castel were translatid towards 
 making of Briddges for the Toune." {Itinerary.) 
 
 Birch Chapel, Rusholme, built about this time, dedicated to St. James ; 
 registers commenced, 1752 ; roof raised and edifice lengthened, 1753 ; repairs, 
 &c, 1803 ; improved and an organ added, 1811 ; new church erected, 1845-6, cost 
 £1,300 ; consecrated, July, 1846 ; returned a district chapelry, 1850 ; constituted 
 a rectory, 1854. 
 
 1540. 
 
 The bishopric of Chester founded. John Bird, D.D., was translated from 
 Bangor to fill the new see, which was formed of the archdeaconries of Chester 
 and Richmond. Manchester had previously been in the diocese of Lichfield. 
 
 The Collegiate Church of Manchester (in common with twenty-seven other 
 places, principally collegiate) obtained the right of sanctuary, constituting it a 
 " place of privilege and uicion for term of life, to all offenders and malefactors, 
 of whatsoever quality, kind, or nature their offence might be, for which saide 
 offences and crimes the peine and punishment of death should ensue by the 
 statute laws and customs of the realme" other than murder, rape, burglary, 
 highway robbery, or wilfully burning any house or barn. (32 Henry VIII.) 
 
 1541. 
 
 "An acte touchinge the translation of the privilege of sanctuary from 
 Manchester to Westchester" (Chester). From this it appears that the privilege 
 of sanctuary had proved detrimental to the good order of the town, and is 
 therefore taken away. The town is represented as "well inhabited for a long 
 time, and the King's subjects well set a work in the making of clothes as well 
 of linen as of woollen." 
 
 1547- 
 
 The collegiate clergy dissolved by Edward VI. The warden, Sir Georgt- 
 Colliar, was deprived for denying the King's supremacy. The college house 
 was, together with some of the lands, taken into the possession of the King 
 and sold to the Earl of Derby, who provided three or four ministers to supply 
 the service of the church. (Ilollinworth's Mancuniensis.) 
 
 1548. 
 
 Sir Alexander Itadcliffe, of Ordsall, died, aged 72. He was High Sheriff of
 
 28 Annals of Manchester. [1550-1554 
 
 Lancashire in 1547. In 1524 he was a feoffee of Manchester Grammar School. 
 What is believed to be his brass, a palimpsest, is described by Rev. E. F. Letts 
 in Palatine Note-book, vol. iv., p. 77. 
 
 Blackley Chapel, dedicated to St. Peter, built about this period; sold to the 
 inhabitants by Sir John Byron, of Newstead, in May, 1611 ; entirely rebuilt at 
 a cost of £245, 1736 ; enlarged 1741 ; taken down 1844, and built to the north of 
 the former one, cost £3,300. 
 
 1550. 
 
 Stretford Chapel built about this time. For further particulars see Mr- J. 
 E. Bailey's Old Stretford. 
 
 A general muster of troops was ordered by the Queen. Salford Hundred 
 consisted of 394 harnessed {i.e., with armour), 649 unharnessed soldiers. 
 
 1552. 
 
 An Act passed " for the true making of woollen cloth." It directs " that all 
 the cottons called Manchester, Lancashire, and Cheshire cottons, shall be in 
 length twenty-two yards, and that all clothes called Manchester rugs, or Man 
 Chester frizes, shall contain in length thirty-six yards, &c." 
 
 An Act of Parliament passed by which the Manor of Manchester, the 
 advowson of the Church and various other possessions of Thomas Lord La 
 Warre were settled upon himself in tail with remainder to his half brother, Sir 
 Owen West ; to the heirs male of his late brother Sir George West ; and to the 
 right heirs of Sir Thomas West, late Lord La Warre, his father. 
 
 The first recorded meeting of the Court Leet was held in October. The 
 minute-book begins with the year 1552, when the Lord of the Manor was Sir 
 Thomas West, ninth Lord La Warre. The steward is not named until a subse- 
 quent entry, but was probably that great and powerful nobleman, Edward, 
 third Earl of Derby. It is one of the oddities of sixteenth century life to find a 
 magnate of his standing and position — he was certainly the most powerful 
 person in the county — holding this office. The names of the householders who 
 had to serve as a jury are given, as well as those of the officials. There was a 
 borough-reeve elected by the burgesses and holding a position of responsibility 
 closely approaching to that of the mayor of a modern city. There was a catch- 
 pole, whose functions were those of bailiff of the Court. There were two 
 constables, whose honorary but sometimes onerous duty was to secure the 
 peace of the town, prosecute offenders, put down unlawful games, make a 
 faithful presentment of all " bloodsheds, outcries, affrays, and rescues," and see 
 that archery practice was duly enforced on the sometimes unwilling townsmen. 
 For this purpose there were archery butts in Market Stead Lane, at Aldport, 
 and at Collyhurst. The pillory is not named, though it may have existed ; but 
 the decision for the erection of stocks is recorded in 1569. But if archery had 
 become unpopular, bowling was a favourite recreation, and giddy-gaddy or 
 cats pallet, a now obsolete game, could only be put down by the terrors of 
 fine and dungeon. The markets had to be looked after, and for this purpose 
 there were four "market lookers" for corn, two for fish and fleshmeat, and 
 five for white meats, which Mr. Earwaker explains as veal, pork, lamb, &c, 
 but which are much more likely to have been milk, butter, and vegetables. 
 Two officers were charged to keep the Market Place clean, and on one occasion
 
 1552J 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 29 
 
 two women were appointed. There were appraisers to value various kinds of 
 goods, and "sealers" of leather, who had to make sure that all skins were 
 properly dressed and duly stamped in accordance with the statute. There were 
 laws against buying in the market and selling at a higher price on the same 
 day, and the injunctions against forestallers are repeated. Standards by which 
 to test weights and measures were provided. Strangers might not buy before 
 a certain time. A couple of ale founders, or ale conners, had not only the duty 
 of certifying the liquor for the use of the King's lieges, but were also entrusted 
 with the oversight of the sale of bread. There were two byrlamen for Market 
 Stead Lane, two more for Deansgate, and four for Milngate, Withynge Greue 
 (Withy Grove), Hanging Ditch, Fennel Street, " and so to Irk's Bridge." The 
 duties of these officers were to see that the rules and regulations made by the 
 Court were duly carried out in their several districts, and that they did not 
 always attend to their duty is clear from these records, when they are some- 
 times charged with allowing swine in the street and other faults of omission. 
 The meaning of the name is doubtful, but it has been suggested that it is 
 equivalent to bye-law men. To see that the streets were kept clean and in 
 good order was the duty of certain other citizens, whose title of "scavengers" 
 need not lead us to suppose that they actually did the work themselves. There 
 were two for Market Stead Lane, two for Deansgate and St. Mary's Gate, three 
 for the " Old Market Steele," two for Smithy Door, three for Hanging Ditch 
 and Long Millgate, two for Fennel Street, and four for Milngate and Hunt's 
 Bank. Finally there were five afferators or affecrers, whose duty was to 
 assess the amount of the penalties to be inflicted by the Court as fines. 
 
 Such was the Court which assembled in October, 1552. Those important 
 persons "the myse leyers" and "myse" gatherers, who had to make and 
 collect the local rates, are not named in this Court roll, but they occur in sub- 
 sequent entries. There was also at a later date a swineherd, who each morn- 
 ing conducted the porkers of the town by the sound of the horn to the common 
 at Collyhurst, and brought them back again at nightfall. The jury found that 
 a burgess had encroached upon the King's highway in the erection of a house, 
 and he is admonished not to "ditch, pale, or hedge any^further there unless he 
 have the licence of the twelve men." Who were the "twelve men" is not 
 stated, but they appear to have been the jury of an inferior or smaller court, 
 which met more frequently, but of whose proceedings there are no records. 
 Perhaps, however, it is merely a general way of indicating the Court Leet 
 jury, which would consist of not less than twelve. Another burgess is 
 ordered to make a stone wall so that his dunghill shall not affect his neigh- 
 bour's watercourse. Several orders are more or less anticipatory of recent 
 action of the Health Committee in relation to the "pail system." A water- 
 course that has apparently been diverted must, emphatically, "goo the same 
 weye as hit hathe bene orderede afore," and less than two months are allowed 
 for the change, on pain of a fine of twenty pence. Another man's palings are 
 too high, and are ordered to be cut down four inches. A burgess who has a 
 field in Toad Lane has allowed the ditch to become unpleasant, and he is there- 
 fore admonished tos7cZfr7i7t.se it, and the word lias the appearance of indicating 
 that the authorities are firmly resolved to have that ditch made clean. The 
 same man who had not observed the " building line" is directed to " dyche the
 
 30 Annals of Manchester. [1553-1555 
 
 lyche anends his feldes ende in Newton Lane," and the like injunction is laid 
 upon another negligent farmer. A penalty of one penny is to be inflicted upon 
 •ill persons who suffer their geese to be put in the Market Stead. House- 
 holders in St. Mary's Gate having neglected to keep the "street end" clean, 
 the landlord is informed that he must cause his tenants to do this cleansing 
 "or do it himself." Extracts from the Court Leet Eecords from 1552 to 1602 
 have been edited by Mr. John Harland for the Chetham Society, and the 
 Eecords are now being printed in full for the corporation, under the editorial 
 charge of Mr. J. P. Earwaker. The first volume appeared in 1885. 
 
 1553. 
 
 Queene Mary refounded the Colledge, restored allmost all the lands (the 
 Earle of Derby still keeping the Collegiate house, and some other small things), 
 appointed one master or keeper, eight fellowes chaplaines, foure clerkes, and 
 sixe choristers, and did allso confirme and re-establish .he statutes of the first 
 foundation, and placed George Colliar in his wardenship againe. This George 
 Colliar came along with Dr. Pendleton to John Bradford to dispute with him, 
 anno 1555. 
 
 1554. 
 
 Making of " dawbe," which was used in the construction of the raddle and 
 laub houses, was a great source of trouble, and there are numerous references 
 to it. 29 March. ( Earwaker' s Records.) 
 
 Thomas, ninth Baron La Warre and sixteenth lord of Manchester, died 
 25th September, 1584, leaving no issue. William West, the son of the half 
 brother of the last Baron La Warre, became lord of Manchester, in accordance 
 with the act of 1552. 
 
 An order in Council, dated May 22, states that "George Charleton, of 
 Manchester, goldsmithe, suspected of coyning, was this day committed to the 
 ftleete." 
 
 There was a great deal of counterfeit coining going on at this time all over 
 England, and a nest of coiners was found at Bunbury, in Cheshire. 
 
 1555. 
 
 The Court Leet Jury had quarrels to deal with. The wife of Robert Ker- 
 shawe gives "a piece of her mind " to John Spenser, and tells him that he is 
 no honest man, but " a recetter of theves," which John repeats to the jury, 
 who remit the punishment of the woman to the steward of the manor. 16th 
 October. (Earwaker's Records.) 
 
 John Bradford, a native of Manchester, suffered martyrdom in the cause 
 of Protestantism at Smithfield, London. He is supposed to have been born 
 about 1510, and to have been one of the earliest pupils at the Manchester 
 Grammar School. He was secretary to Sir John Harrington, the treasurer of 
 the King's Camps and Buildings, and after his conversion to the reformed 
 faith, made restitution for some real or fancied wrong he had then committed. 
 In 1548 he entered Catherine Hall, Cambridge, and became M.A. In 1551 he 
 was one of the chaplains of Edward VI., and in the following year visited 
 and preached in his native county. On the accession of Mary he saved a 
 Roman priest from the fury of a London mob. " Ah, Bradford," said one.
 
 1555] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 31 
 
 " thou savest one that will help to burn thee." On 15th August, 1553, he was 
 arrested on a charge of sedition, and after lingering in prison was brought to 
 Smithfield, where he was burnt at the stake. John Leaf, a tallow chandler's 
 apprentice, was burned at the same time. Great influence was exercised by 
 the publication of a volume, entitled Letters of Maister John Bradford, a 
 Faythfull Minister and a syngular pyllar of Christe's Church; by whose greate 
 trauiles and diligence in preaching and planting the syncerity of the Gospel, 
 by ivhose most godly and innocent lyfe, and by whose long and payneful im- 
 prisonments for the maintenance of the truth, the Kyngdome of God icas not 
 a little advanced ; who also at last most valiantly and cheerfully gaue Jiis 
 blood for the same. The 4 day of July. In the year of our Lord 1555. One of 
 the ministers who held disputations with Bradford in prison was Warden 
 Colliar ; another was Pendleton, " who," says Hollinworth, " was, in King 
 Henries dayes, a Papist ; in King Edward's days hee recanted in Manchester 
 being one of the preachers there, mainteined out of the revenues of the then 
 dissolved colledge), and became an earnest assertor and preacher of the 
 Gospell : in Queene Maries dayes, meeting with Mr. Saunders in the country 
 (about Coventry it's like, where Mr. Saunders lived, and Dr. Pendleton Avent 
 that very way to London), and discoursing of the persecutions then arising, 
 Saunders complaining that though his spirit was ready to suffer, his flesh was 
 weake, and loth to tast of that bitter cup. Pendleton being a fat bigg man, 
 ouer-selfe-confidently sayd, ' I will see the vtmost dropp of this grease of mine 
 molten away, and the last gobbet of this flesh consumed to asshes, before I 
 will forsake God and his truth.' But the issue prooued otherwise when they 
 came to London. Saunders bouldly preached Christ, opposed antichrist, and 
 sealed his doctrine with his bloud at Coventry. ' Pendleton,' sayth Mr. Fox, 
 ' changed his tippet, preached popery, and, being learned, was a greate disputer 
 for it above ; and was sent, or of his owne accorde came downe to Manchester 
 and other places to recant his recantation, and to preach vp popery, which 
 occasioned Mr. Bradford to admonish his Christian friends and countrymen to 
 beware of him.' This Mr. Bradford came downe, in King Edward's dayes, into 
 the countrey, preached the word of God (as Dr. Pendleton then allso did, 
 in Manchester ; and allso at Eccles, Prestwich, Midleton, Radclifl'e, Assheton 
 vnderlyme, Stopport, Mottrime, Wimsley, Boulton, Bury, Wigan, Liverpoole) 
 and the City of Westchester. And God gave good successe to the ministry of 
 the word ; and both raysed vp to himselfe, and preserved a faithful people in 
 Lancashire, especially in and about Manchester and Bolton, some names of 
 whom wee find in Mr. Fox, his Acts and Monuments. Their minister, I con- 
 ceive, was Father Travers, in King Edward's dayes the minister of Blakeley, 
 and outed in Queene Maries dayes, and Sir Thomas Hall, who lived near onto, 
 and much counselled Mr. Bradford's mother. It is commonly and credibly 
 reported that one Ryder, of Smedley, was imprisoned for, that hee, in King 
 Edward's dayes, was one that pulled a popish priest out of the pulpit, that a 
 preacher might goe vp. It is reported and believed that John Bradford, 
 preaching in Manchester in King Edward's dayes, tould the people, as it were, 
 by a prophetical spirit, that because they did not readily embrace the Word of 
 God, the Masse should bee sayd againe in that church, and the play of ' U.iliin 
 Hood ' acted there, winch accordingly came to passe in Queene Maries reigne.
 
 32 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1556-1557 
 
 The imprisonment of the sayd Mr. Bradford, the conferences hee had, the exa- 
 mination of him, and his being burned for the reformed religion at London 
 (though it was at first intended hee should have bin burned at Manchester), 
 and how Woodroffe, the Sheriffe of London, struck Roger Bexwick, his 
 brother-in-law, then living in Manchester, as hee was speaking with Mr. Brad- 
 ford, and the hand of God vpon the sayd Woodroffe, and many other things are 
 fully related by Mr. Fox, to whom I referre the reader." 
 
 Bradford's Writings have been collected by the Parker Society, with a bio- 
 graphical notice by Aubrey Townsend (Cambridge, 1848-53, 2 vols.); Fuller's 
 Worthies; Froude's History of England; Espinasse's Lancashire Worthies 
 should also be consulted. 
 
 There are several portraits of John Bradford, some of them dissimilar in 
 character — one from a picture in the Chetham Library, Manchester, engraved 
 by J. Jenkins, which has no resemblance to the other three ; another from a 
 painting in Pembroke College, Cambridge ; a third prefixed to his writings, 
 as published by the Religious Tract Society ; and a fourth from a painting in 
 possession of Mr. Blythe, painted by C. Jansen and engraved by Thos. 
 Trotter. There is a portrait of him in the Heroologia, which is called by 
 Evans the original print, and engraved by S. Pass. 
 
 1556. 
 
 The burgesses were bound to have their corn ground at the manorial mill, 
 which had been granted to the Free Grammar School, and as some of them 
 evaded the monopoly, it was ordered that frequent warning should be given in 
 the church. 30th September. (Earwaker's Records.) 
 
 1557. 
 
 George Colliar, warden, died, of whom it is stated by Fox, the martyrologist, 
 that although a rigid Catholic, " he does not appear to have aided persecution." 
 
 Lawrence Vaux, B.D., appointed warden, but opposing the Reformation 
 tvas deprived by Queen Elizabeth. He was a strenuous Catholic, " so wonderful," 
 Bays Hollinworth, "did God hide his people in Lancashire." His example 
 and influence appear to have opposed a powerful obstacle to the reception of 
 the reformed religion in this county. He was born at Blackrod, near Chorley, 
 and was a laborious, learned, and devout divine ; but for his adherence to the 
 Catholic faith was cast into prison, in London, where he is believed to have died 
 in great necessity. He was the author of a Catcchisme, published at Antwerp 
 in 1573, which has been reprinted by the Chetham Society, with a biographical 
 notice by Mr. T. G. Law. The testimony of Hollinworth, who was a hearty hater 
 of Rome, is that " he was laborious, learned, and in his way devout and con- 
 scientious." Further, "he was a man well beloved and highly honoured by 
 many in Manchester ;. yea, by the generality." 
 
 The bakers having taken their stand to sell bread in a situation that was 
 deemed inconvenient, it was ordered that when they appeared in the forbidden 
 spot a pennyworth of bread should be taken from each of them and given to 
 the poor. 30th September. (Earwaker's Records.) 
 
 Henry Pendleton, D.D., died circa 1557. He was born at Manchester about 
 1521, and was the author of two of the homilies and other writings. He was
 
 1558-15631 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 33 
 
 one of those who attempted to reconcile Bradford to the Church of Rome, 
 having been himself a stout Protestant in King Edward's days. 
 
 1558. 
 
 William Birch, M.A. (a younger brother of Thomas Birch, of Birch Hall), 
 appointed warden. Resigned at the request of Queen Elizabeth. He died at 
 Stanhope, in the bishopric of Durham, 1572. 
 
 1559. 
 
 Thomas Herle, a native of Cornwall, chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, appointed 
 warden. He was deprived in 1578, for mismanagement of the funds of the 
 college. His alienations did not deprive him of the favour of the Queen, who 
 granted him a pension upon his retirement. Thomas Herle is described as "a 
 subservient tool and a selfish man ; who, indeed, if a Protestant, had always 
 changed with the princes of these changeable times." He rarely visited 
 Manchester, having a dispensation for his absence. 
 
 1560. 
 
 The Court Leet ordered that no one should brew to sell unless they had two 
 honest beds for the accommodation of travellers. The sign of a hand was to 
 be shown when ale was to be had, and when the tap was dry the hand was 
 withdrawn. Those who could provide four beds must have a sign, but were 
 left to their own choice in the selection. 2nd October. (Earwaker's Records.) 
 
 Numerous libels against Queen Elizabeth, and those who favoured her 
 proceedings, were circulated in Manchester and neighbourhood. The Privy 
 Council issued a proclamation for the suppression of one, called " Leycester's 
 Commonwealth." 
 
 1561. 
 
 The Court Leet ordered that no manner of persons shall sell ale above 4d. 
 out and Gd. in the house ; in default, 6s. 8d. fine. Also those that brew to sell 
 ale and keep no inn, shall have a sign of the hand, which, so long as they have 
 ale to sell, shall be put forth ; and when they have none, to be taken in. They 
 shall deny no person ale for their money if the hand be out, under a fine of 
 Gs. 8d. October 21. 
 
 1562. 
 
 The College became a prison for "heretics," Catholics, and "recusants," 
 Puritans, or those who refused to acknowledge Elizabeth head of the church. 
 The condition of the prison and prisoners is described in Peck's Desiderata 
 Curiosa. 
 
 1563. 
 
 Richard Kyrshaw appointed common wayte (minstrel) by the Court Leet. 
 This is the first mention we have of waytes as officials of the town. Sep- 
 tember 30. It was customary for each place to have its musicians, who some- 
 times performed outside their own town. Various instances of this are given 
 in the Shuttlcworth Accounts, published by the Chetham Society. The Man- 
 chester waits (in the Court Lot Rrvonls) attended the wt'dding parties and 
 otherwise discoursed sweet music for the burgesses. Their emoluments were 
 C
 
 3-1 Annals of Manchester. ti564-i567 
 
 the gifts of those who heard them, and probably most of their income came 
 from marriage feasts. The tendency to extravagance at the moment of entry 
 upon matrimony was severely repressed by the Court Leet by orders that not 
 more than fourpence a head should be paid at a wedding dinner. In the other 
 Ales or " Drinking in assembly " we may see the survival of still older customs, 
 which doubtless were not infrequently detrimental to the peace of the town. 
 They were prohibited, but Ales for highways, bridges, and churches were 
 allowed. At these social meetings collections were made after the fashion of 
 the charity dinners. (Harland's Court Leet.) 
 
 1564. 
 
 Sir Edmund Trafford the third died. He was born in 1507, and was 
 knighted by the Earl of Hertford in Scotland. He was with Henry VIII. at 
 the siege of Boulogne. 
 
 1565. 
 
 Elias, the Manchester Prophet, died 25th February in prison at London. His 
 real name was Ellis Hall, and he was born at Manchester in 1502, where his 
 father was a carpenter. Having prospered in business, he began to see visions, 
 and in 1562 went to London, where he attempted to have an interview with 
 the Queen. He was arrested, condemned to the pillory, and whipped by two 
 ministers at Bedlam. His Boole of Visions, a MS. in metre, was in the library 
 of the son of Archbishop Parker. (Axon's Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 
 There was allso an act of parliament concerning the Aulnegers' fees, and 
 that hee should have deputies within the seueral townes of Manchester, Boul- 
 ton, Blackburne, Bury. (Hollinworth's Mancuniensis.) 
 
 " There was a sore sickness in Manchester and about it, of which very 
 many died." (Hollinworth's Mancuniensis.) 
 
 The keepers of bakehouses were ordered by the Court Leet not to store 
 gorse or kiddes for fuel " within two bays" of the ovens. 2nd Oct. (Earwaker's 
 Records.) 
 
 The ale-house keepers appeared to have been fined one penny each indiscri- 
 minately. (Earwaker's Court Leet Records.) 
 
 1566. 
 
 It was enacted at the Court Leet that all manner of weights should be made 
 according to the statutes, and sealed with the town seal. October 2. (Harland's 
 Court Leet.) 
 
 1567. 
 
 Some leather-dressers, having begun operations in wet-dressing of leather 
 near the well and washing-place, are admonished by the Court Leet to remove. 
 October 1. (Earwaker's Records.) 
 
 Randall Lyghe and Richard Wirrall appointed wettes (minstrels) of Man- 
 chester. The Court Leet record states : " They shall play morning and evening 
 together, and that they shall not absent themselves without license of the 
 steward and twenty of the persons at least." Ootober 1.
 
 568-1572] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 35 
 
 1568. 
 
 The watching of the town appears to have been a compulsory service, and 
 
 each watchman was expected to have "a jack, a sallet, and a bill." At the 
 
 opening of the fair every burgess was expected to attend the steward in armour 
 
 or to provide a substitute "well furnished" with bill and halbert. October 16. 
 
 Earwaker's Records.) 
 
 It was forbidden by the Court Leet jury to cast carrion or anything else 
 hurtful into the river Irk. October 16. (Earwaker's Records.) 
 
 1569. 
 
 The jury of the Court Leet ordered that there shall not be "any rogg or 
 cottons wet openly in the stretes." (Earwaker's Court Leet Records, vol. i.) 
 
 1570. 
 
 From a letter written 4th May by the Archbishop to Cecil, it appears that 
 the warden of Manchester desired to relinquish the trust, " to be converted to 
 some college in Cambridge, who might hereafter send out some preachers to 
 inhabit that quarter, and also by the rest of the revenues maintain some 
 students." It was suggested that the collegiate estates might be annexed to 
 St. John's College, Cambridge. (Baker's History of St. John's, edit, by Mayor, 
 p. 589.) 
 
 A search made throughout Lancashire and the other parts of the kingdom 
 for vagrants, rogues, gipsies, &c. The result was the apprehension of 13,000 
 "masterless men." (Baines's Lancashire, 1868, vol. i., p. 169.) 
 
 1571. 
 
 There was an enquiry into the state of the Collegiate Church by Archbishop 
 Grindal, held 8th June, in the Chapter-house. Some curious evidence was 
 given of the habits of the clergy and condition of the church. Two of the 
 Collegiate body went about the town with a handbell, moving the people to 
 works of mercy ; while the choiristers fetched the dead to the church from 
 their houses with handbells and singing. There were pictures in the church 
 which the churchwardens had never defaced, and the old shrines were not 
 removed. One of the Fellows was accustomed to go to an alehouse in 
 sermon time in his surplice, and even kept an alehouse himself. There had 
 been no change of churchwardens since the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's 
 reign. (MS. Report, in the hands of Mr. J. E. Bailey.) 
 
 Sir Richard Hall, one of the Fellows of the Collegiate Church, " ministered 
 a dormatory" to divers persons, who all died after taking the same ; and the 
 same fate followed those whose veins he cut. "When he should serve God, 
 he runneth abowte his phisicke and surgerye, and ys altogether unlearned." 
 This individual added to his other employments that of Bursar to the College. 
 (MS. in Mr. J. E. Bailey's hands.) 
 
 1572. 
 
 The occupiers of the houses and shops about the Conduit were ordered by 
 the Court Leet to keep clean the streets in and about the Conduit, under a fine 
 of 6d. 
 
 "By virtue or presence of an act of parliament, in the first yeare of Edward
 
 36 Annals of Manchester. [1572-1573 
 
 the Sixth, the Colledge of Manchester was dissolved, and the lands and revenues 
 belonging to it were taken into the king's hands, and were by him demysed to 
 Edward, Earle of Derby ; and the house called the Colledge and some lands in 
 Aldport were then or soone after (as it is sayd) sould to the sayd Earle, who 
 was carefull, as our fathers have tould us, to provide very well for three or 
 foure ministers officiating in the church. 
 
 "Anno 1572, by inquisition vppon oath it was allso found, that the Earle 
 of Derby had bought of the Prince, Over, Allport, and three burgages in the 
 Milnegate and Fenelstreete, being chauntry lands ; and, indeede, severall 
 chauntries belonged to the parish church of Manchester, which had their 
 severall endowments ; one wherein Sir William Trafford was last incumbent, 
 another called Cheetam's chauntry, wherein Sir James was last incumbent, 
 besydes others." (Hollin worth's Mancuniensis.) 
 
 The Court Leet appoint nine officers to see that the swine in the streets 
 were duly sent to Collyhurst waste. April 10. 
 
 1573. 
 
 • The following entry is made in the Court Leet records : " The most of the 
 jury do think thirty alehouses and inns to be sufficient in Manchester." 
 March 26. (Harland's Court Leet.) 
 
 The Court Leet direct that alehouse keepers shall not allow any unlawful 
 gaming in their houses or gardens. March 26. 
 
 The jury of the Court Leet "doth present John Skilliekorne, plumber, to 
 be a common easing-dropper, a naughty person, such a one as doth abound in 
 all misorders ; therefore we desire that he may be avoided the town, and have 
 such punishment as unto such doth appertain." March 26. (Harland's Court 
 Leet Records, vol. i., p. 131.) 
 
 The first register for the parish of Manchester commenced in this year. 
 The first entry is the burial of Robert Fisher, August 1. The first baptism was 
 Ellen, daughter of William Darby, August 3. And the first marriage between 
 Nicholas Cleaton and Ellen Pendleton. 
 
 The Court Leet fixed hours for servants, &c. Apprentices, men servants, 
 and women servants were not to be out later than nine in summer and eight 
 in winter. Servants and children were prohibited from attending the wedding 
 feasts. September 20. (Earwaker's Records.) 
 
 The Court Leet records state that "Mr. Steward (Ralph Hurlestane) 
 ordered that any unlucky tippler who was found drunk should pass the night 
 in the dungeon and pay 6d. to the poor ; if the drunkard could not pay the fine 
 the publican had to pay it for him." September 20. (Earwaker's Records.) 
 
 The Court Leet order that if any alehouse keeper, man or woman, be found 
 drunken in their own house or elsewhere, he or she shall be punished by 
 imprisonment for one night, and from thenceforth discharged from alehouse 
 keeping. September 20. (Harland's Court Leet.) 
 
 "Injunctions and orders concerning the Colledge Church of Manchester 
 were given to the Master or Warden ; and the rest, some by the Archbishop of 
 Yorke, and other the Queene Majesties commissioners, for causes ecclesias- 
 tical, within the province of Yorke, anno 1573, about residence of the warden 
 and fellowes, diligent and constant preaching every Sunday in the church of
 
 1574-1578] Annals of Manchester. 37 
 
 Manchester, or in one of the chappells of Stretford, Chorlton, Diddesbury, 
 Gorton, Denton, Newton, and Blakeley." (Hollinworth's Mancunicnsis.) 
 
 Newton Heath Chapel built about this time ; enlarged, 1738 ; rebuilt, 1814. 
 
 1574. 
 
 The lord of the manor having enclosed the common of Collyhurst, the 
 ■enclosure was put downe the same night. As a compromise he "lett to such 
 as chose to give for it iiiis. the aker by yeares, and twenty shillings fine afore- 
 hand." (Hollinworth's Mancuniensis.) 
 
 From Warden Herle the Traffords of Trafford received, about 1574, some 
 ambiguous leases of the tithes of Stretford, Trafford, and half of Chorlton, 
 which were ultimately decided to mean possession for ninety-nine years after 
 twenty-one years. This transaction is probably the origin of the right of the 
 family to nominate one churchwarden and two sidesmen, and to appoint the 
 parish clerk of Manchester. When Peploe was warden these leases were the 
 occasion of much trouble, and it was with great difficulty that the Fellows 
 obtained their surrender. 
 
 At a Court Leet held April 15 " the jury doth present of themselves that 
 George Marshall, the 10th April, made a fray upon Thomas Aspinall, and gave 
 him two blood-wipes in the head." (Harland's Court Leet, vol. i., p. 136.) 
 
 1575. 
 
 Twenty-two old " croste grotes" were found in digging the ground within 
 the house of George Bolton, Salford. April 7. (See Harland's Court Leet, and 
 Earwaker's Records, where a mistake of the former is corrected.) 
 
 1577. 
 
 The Court Leet order James Smith, capper, and William Savage, the catch- 
 poll, to attend the Parish Church on Sundays and holidays to note who wore 
 hats contrary to law. April 11. (Harland's Court Leet.) 
 
 The town of Manchester gave £40 to the rebuilding of Crossford Bridge 
 which was undertaken at their petition. The county assessment for the same 
 was £200. (Hollinworth's Mancuniensis.) 
 
 1578. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth dissolved the foundation of the Collegiate Church, which 
 had consisted of one warden, eight fellows, four chaplains, and six choristers ; 
 and gave the college a new charter of foundation for one warden, four fellows, 
 two chaplains, four musicians, two clerks, and four choristers. The warden to 
 be elected by the Crown, and the others on vacancy, by the warden and fellows. 
 The style was changed to the College of Christ, July 28. John Wolton, or 
 Woolton, appointed warden; John Mallayns, Alexander Nowell, Oliver Carter, 
 and Thomas Williamson, fellows ; Robert Barber and Thomas Richardson, 
 chaplains ; and Robert Leigh, Charles Leigh, Philip Gosnett, and John Glover, 
 singing men. The salary of the warden was four shillings per day ; each fellow, 
 sixteenpence ; each chaplain, sixpence three farthings; each chorister, four- 
 pence halfpenny ; and each singing boy, twopence halfpenny. The warden to 
 forfeit 30d. and each fellow Sd. for every day's absence. 
 
 " About this time the Bishop of Chester erected, and his successors
 
 38 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1579-1580 
 
 encouraged a publicke exercise to bee held at Manchester, the second Thursday 
 in every month, and nominated some grave, godly, learned ministers to bee 
 moderators, and to preach in their courses in the afternoone ; and commanded 
 all parsons, vicars, curates, readers, schoolemasters, within the Deanery of 
 Manchester, to bee present at the sayd exercise, and to bee ready in the after- 
 noone to bee more privately conferred with, examined, instructed, and directed 
 by the sayd nominated moderators ; and to obey and observe their orders and 
 directions vppon paine of censure. The names of the moderators were Mr. 
 Shaw, of Bury ; Mr. Carter, of Manchester ; Mr. Assheton, of Midleton ; Mr. 
 Williamson, of Manchester ; Mr. Langley, of Prestwich." 
 
 The churchwardens of Manchester demand nine pounds from the inhabi- 
 tants "for destroying crowes." (Hollinworth.) 
 
 Sir William West, then Lord of the Manor, attempted to wrest the privi- 
 lege of the inhabitants of Manchester from choosing the boroughreeve, the 
 steward choosing John Gee, and the town Robert Langley. (Harland's Court 
 Leet.) 
 
 A number of exiles from the Low Countries are believed by some to have 
 settled in Manchester about this time, but the evidence is scanty. (Wheeler's 
 Manchester, p. 25.) 
 
 1579. 
 
 Perhaps in anticipation of a water famine, it was ordered in 1579 that no 
 vessel larger than a woman could carry full of water should be brought to the 
 Conduit, and but one from each house, and that the applicants should "have 
 their cale," or wait their turn. It was unlocked at six in the morning and 
 locked at nine in the evening. (Harland's Court Leet.) 
 
 The manor of Manchester sold by the Wests to John Lacye, a mercer, of 
 London, for £3,000, May 15. (See under date 1596.) 
 
 "Description of a moste dreadfull and meruclous Monster born in Man- 
 chester, upon Tusdaye, being the fourteenth [18th] of August last past, 1579.' 
 This is an account of a sort of Siamese twin which is referred to in the 
 register of burials, 19th of August, as "a mayde child and a monsterous mm 
 childe wantinge boeth neck, head, and armes." (Palatine Note-book, vol. iii., 
 p. 269.) 
 
 In an assembly of Ecclesiastical Commissioners (including Henry, Earl of 
 Derby ; Henry, Earl of Huntington ; and William, Bishop of Chester) held at 
 Manchester, they issued an order against pipers and minstrels making and 
 frequenting bear-baiting and bull-baiting on the Sabbath days, or upon any 
 other days ; and also against superstitious ringing of bells, wakes, and com- 
 mon feasts ; drunkenness, gaming, and other vicious and unprofitable pursuits. 
 (Hollinworth.) 
 
 1580. 
 
 In Robert Hitchcock's Politic Plat, published 1 January, 1580, Rouen is 
 said to be "the chiefest vent" for "Welsh and Manchester cottons, Northern 
 kerseys, whites, lead, and tin." 
 
 The old compulsion of baking at the lord's oven had become obsolete, but 
 the Court Leet jury requested "all loving neghbours" to bake with the tenant 
 who rented the disestablished oven. April 7. (Earwaker's Records.)
 
 1581-1584] Annals of Manchester. 39 
 
 John Woolton, warden, promoted to the See of Lincoln, and "William 
 Chadderton, D.D., Bishop of Chester, appointed Warden of the College, in 
 commendam, June 5. Translated to the bishopric of Lincoln in 1594, and 
 resigned his office of warden. 
 
 Lord Burleigh thanks the Earl of Derby for reforming abuses in the 
 Manchester College. 
 
 A commission held in Lancashire for trying Popish recusants. 
 
 A new jail built in Manchester at Hunt's Bank, called the " New Fleet,'' 
 and the expense was for a time supported by fines imposed on the more wealthy 
 of the prisoners, and by the proceeds of a parochial assessment, amounting to 
 eightpence per week on every parish throughout the diocese of Chester. 
 
 1581. 
 
 Sir John Southworth and others imprisoned in the New Fleet, at Man- 
 chester, for "obstinate adherence to Popery." 
 
 1582. 
 
 A Godln and Learned Sermon, containing a charge and instruction for 
 all unlearned, negligent, and dissolute Ministers, preached at Manchester, in 
 Lancastershire, before a great and xoorshipfull audience, by occasion of 
 certain j)ar sons there at the present, appointed (as then) to be made ministers. 
 By Simon Harward. London, 1582. (Axon's Lancashire Gleanings, p. 219.) 
 
 Mr. Robert Worsley, keeper of the gaol of Manchester, made an offer "that 
 on condition of being allowed the proceeds of the 'jail tax' for one whole year, 
 he would at his own proper charges build a workhouse, sufficient to afford 
 employment to all the rogues, vagabonds, and idlers in the county." Dec. 3. 
 
 1583. 
 
 The number of alehouse keepers and bakers in Manchester was declared 
 by the Lord of the Council to be excessive, and orders given for the suppression 
 of a number of them. 
 
 1584. 
 
 At the Assizes at Lancaster, James Bell, a native of Warrington ; John 
 Finch, a native of Eccleston ; and James Leybourne were found guilty of being 
 Cathol'c recusants. The two former were executed at Lancaster, and their 
 heads exposed on the summit of the Collegiate Church, April 20. The persecu- 
 toi of the Roman Catholics was very bitter. Details are given in Challoner's 
 Memoirs of Missionary Priests, and in Foley's English Province of the Society 
 of Jesus, ii., 143. They were arrested at Manchester and imprisoned in the house 
 known as Radcliffes of the Pool— the ancient seat of the RadclillV family, the 
 site of which is indicated by the name of Poolfold. An engraving of Radcliffe 
 Hall is given in the Palatine Note-book, vol. iii., p. 265. It has been said that 
 Leybourne was executed at Manchester, but this appears to be a mistake. 
 
 "No single women were allowed in the town unless they were under the 
 guardianship of their relatives, or in others' employ." May !». (Harland's 
 Court Leet.) 
 
 The Court Leet ordered that single women should not be allowed to be "at 
 their own hand," either to rent a house or exercise a trade, " to the great hurt
 
 40 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1585-1588 
 
 of the poor inhabitants having wife and children." May 9. (Earwaker's 
 
 Bccords.) 
 
 1585. 
 
 The Conduit was regarded as a special ornament of the town, and whilst 
 subscriptions were collected for its maintenance and repair, it was forbidden 
 in 1585 to wash clothes, scour vessels, or cleanse "meats of beasts" or calves at 
 this, the chief source of the water supply of the town. 
 
 " The English Benedictins beyond the seas began to bestirre themselves fcr 
 continuation of their order, Abbot Fecknam being dead, and there being but 
 one left; viz., Father Sigebert Buckley, and therefore, before his death, pro- 
 vision was made of others to succeede. Nine were chosen : five in Valladolid, 
 in Spaine, and foure in Rome ; of which foure, one Father Anselme, of Man- 
 chester, was one." (Fuller's Eccles. Hist.) 
 
 Edward Rishton died at St. Manhew. He was, according to Fuller, born 
 in Lancashire, and fled from Oxford to Douai, where he graduated M.A., and 
 then went to the English College at Rome and was ordained in 1583. He came 
 to his native country as a mission priest, and was imprisoned for three years. 
 He caught the infection of plague in Lorraine, and carried it to St. Manhew, 
 where he died. 
 
 1586. 
 
 Hollinworth states that "there was a greate dearth in this country, inso- 
 much that in Manchester, a peny white loafe weighed but six or eight ounces, 
 one peny boulted bread ten or eleven ounces, ryebread ten ounces, browne 
 bread, about fouret eene ounces ; and the Bishop of Chester and others pitying 
 the condicion of the poore, did order that the peny white bread should weigh 
 nine ounces of troy weight ; boulted bread, ten ; browne bread, fifteene ; 
 jannocke, thirteene ; oate cake, fifteene ounces. That euery baker haue his 
 marke, according to the statute ; that their bread bee wholesome and wel 
 baked ; that they sell but onely twelve to the dozen ; that no loaves bee made, 
 but either of jd., ijd., iiijd., at the farthest; that these orders bee duely 
 observed, both by inhabitants and forreiners." 
 
 Camden describes Manchester as surpassing the neighbouring towns in 
 elegance and populousness. " There is," says he, "a woollen manufacture, a 
 market, a church, and a college." 
 
 The Court Leet records contain the following memorandum, circa, 1586 : — 
 " That holle fiftene of the said town of Manchester and the hamell or hamella 
 [hamlet] de Bulhangs [?] due to the Queen's majesty, at every holle fiftene 
 granted, ys the some of Thre powndes Seyven shyllynges." (Harland's Court 
 Leet Records, vol. i., p. 1G7.) 
 
 1588. 
 
 A letter was sent 15th March from two justices at Lancaster Assizes — 
 Clenche and Rodes — to the deputy-lieutenants, directing them to inquire as to 
 the too great number of bakers and alehouse-keepers in Manchester, and to 
 suppress such as were not needed. 
 
 " There died of the parishioners in one moneth of Aprill, neere seventy 
 persons." (Hollinworth.) 
 
 The Court Leet jury ordered that no person should be allowed to buy any
 
 1589-1590] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 41 
 
 fruit before nine o'clock in the forenoon ; if any were bought they were not to 
 sell the same day under a fine of 2s. October 3. (Harland's Court Leet.) 
 
 A great panic in Manchester, caused by a rumour that a large army of 
 Papists had actually marched as far as Swinton Moor to attack the town. The 
 townspeople "betook themselves to such armes as they had," and Bishop 
 Chaderton, who was then Warden, caused the flesh shambles to be removed 
 to Salford Bridge. (Hollinworth's Mancunicnsis.) 
 
 Printing was introduced into Manchester by itinerant printers, who in 
 the interests of Puritanism issued fierce attacks upon the bishops from secret 
 presses, first at Kingston in Surrey, then at Fawsley in Northamptonshire, 
 and then at Newton Lane, Manchester, where printers and press were seized 
 by Fernando, fifth Earl of Derby. The mystery attaching to the Martin Mar- 
 prelate tracts has never been fully cleared. " Ha' ye any work for the Cooper ? " 
 had appeared, and at Manchester they were printing "Ha' ye any more work 
 for the Cooper?" No copies of the sheets actually printed off appear to have 
 been preserved. (See Notes and Queries, 4th Series, iii., 97, and vii., 64 ; and 
 Axon's Manchester Libraries.) 
 
 Against the Spanish Armada, Manchester was required to contribute 38 
 narquebusiers, 38 archers, and 144 men for bills and pikes. The county 
 2,375 men. 
 
 In the charter granted by Queen Elizabeth to the Collegiate Church, the 
 Manchester population is stated at 10,000, but whether this means the town or 
 the parish is not certain. 
 
 1589. 
 
 Sir John Radcliffe, of Ordsal, buried in the Collegiate Church 11th February, 
 aged 53. Five of his sons died on the battlefield — four at an early age. One of 
 his two daughters died of grief for the death of her brethren. Sir John was 
 suspected of being a secret adherent to the Roman communion. 
 
 Robert Asnal, of Gorton, slaine with a bull at a stake. (Hollinworth's 
 Mancuniensis.) 
 
 1590. 
 
 A commission held in Manchester for the punishment of Popish recusants. 
 
 Chorlton Hall demised by Edmund Trafford, Esq., to Ralph Sorocold for 
 £320. It was the seat of the Minshulls, or Mynsales, in the reign of Henry I. ; 
 and in 1544 it was sold by Ellis Hey, of Monk's Hall, in Eccles, to Thomas 
 Minshull, apothecary, in Manchester, for £300; but it is reported to have been 
 sold at a later period for £00,000 or £70,000. 
 
 Sir Edmund Trafford the fourth died. He was born in 152G. His first wife 
 was a sister of Queen Catharine Howard, his second a daughter of Ralph 
 Leicester, of Toft. He was a staunch Protestant, and is credited with special 
 act ivity against the partisans of the old faith. Sir Edmund was High Sheriff 
 of Lancashire in 15G5, 1571, and 15S0. 
 
 John Piers, Archbishop of York, held a visitation of the diocese of Chester 
 in the church of Manchester on the last day of May, when the Fellows of the 
 College were admonished for not using the surplice. The correspondence 
 which followed is printed in Chetham Miscellany, vol. v. 
 
 A document, signed by Peter Shaw, Oliver Carter, and other preachers,
 
 42 Annals of Manchester. [i59i-i5£5 
 
 gives an account of the state, civil and ecclesiastical, of the county, in which 
 they complain of the presence of Jesuits and priests, daily masses, private 
 marriages, old festivals and fasts observed, fairs, markets, mayames, &c, held 
 on the Sabbath, unruly behaviour in church, "popish superstition used in 
 the burial of the dead," corruption in churchwardens, sidesmen, and parish 
 clerks ; inconvenient state of churches and chapels, contentions about seats, 
 and other matters. (Chethani's Miscellany, vol. v.) 
 
 " The Lord visited the town with a sore pestilence ; there died of the 
 parishioners, in one monthe of Aprill, near seventy persons." (Hollinworth's 
 Mancuniensis. ) 
 
 1591. 
 
 No person was allowed to buy fruit but upon the market day, and in the open 
 market ; the inhabitants not to buy before nine o'clock, strangers at ten, and 
 not before ; in default one-half the fruit went to the lord, and the other to the 
 officers. (Harland's Court Leet.) 
 
 The Court Leet jury presented that "greses, or stairs, descending to the 
 water of Erwell, is in great decay." The inhabitants were assessed to repair 
 the same. October 1. 
 
 1592. 
 
 No meat was allowed to be dressed or eaten within the town or liberties of 
 Manchester on fast days under pain of ten shillings for every householder so 
 Dffending. October 5. (Harland's Court Leet.) 
 
 1593. 
 
 John "Wolton, or "Woolton, Bishop of Exeter, and late warden of the 
 Collegiate Church, died at Exeter, March 13. He was born at Wigan (others 
 say Whalley) about 1535, " and was," says Bishop Goodwin, who had married 
 his daughter, " a pious, painful, and skilful divine." His Christian Manual, 
 1576, was reprinted by the Parker Society in 1851. Another of his works is 
 The Castell of Christians, 1577 ; New Anatomie of the Whole Man, 1576. 
 (Wood's Athen. Oxon., vol. i., p. 600 ; Sutton's Lancashire Authors.) 
 
 1594. 
 
 " The sicknesse " or plague stated to have broken out at Clough House, 
 Fails worth. (Hollin worth.) 
 
 1595. 
 
 John Dee, M.A., installed with great solemnity warden of the Collegiate 
 Church, February 20. Dr. Dee had frequent quarrels with the fellows of the 
 college, and in 1604 quitted the town, but he held his preferment till his death 
 in 1608. 
 
 The Court Leet jury ordered that no person was to be allowed to use butter 
 or suet in cakes or bread ; fine 20s. No baker or other person to be allowed to 
 bake said cakes, &c. ; fine 20s. No person to be allowed to sell the same ; fine 
 20s. October 8. (Harland's Court Leet.) 
 
 "William West, Lord la Warr, died 30th December. The story of this noble- 
 man's life is a strange one, and there are some difficulties of date not easily to
 
 1596-1599 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 4o 
 
 be understood. It is said that, having been adopted by his uncle. Sir Thomas 
 West, he was in too great haste to inherit, and prepared poison for the des- 
 patch of the old man, who was so incensed that he appealed to parliament, 
 which in 15 IS debarred William from succeeding to his uncle's honours. This 
 is not easily reconciled with the act of 1552. William West had sufficient 
 ability and good fortune as a soldier to be able to live down this accusation, 
 whether it were true or false. He served at the siege of St. Quentin, in 
 Picardy, and was knighted at Hampton Court, 156S, and created by patent Lord 
 de la Warr. In 1569 an act of parliament granted him full "restitution in 
 blood." 
 
 1596. 
 
 The manor of Manchester sold by John Layce, mercer and citizen of 
 London, for £3,500, to Sir Nicholas Mosley, Knt., March 23. Sir Nicholas 
 Mosley had been Sheriff of London in 1591, and was Lord Mayor in 1599. He 
 built Hough End (generally called the Old Hall), near Chorlton, upon a place 
 where a tenement occupied by his father had stood, and in which his son was 
 born. This hall became the family seat for several generations, but was finally 
 abandoned for Rolleston, in Staffordshire. (See under 1579.) 
 
 Eight officers were appointed to see that no fleshmeat was eaten on 
 Fridays and Saturdays, and twelve for the overseeing of them that put butter, 
 cream, or suet in their cakes. September 30. (Harland's Court Leet Records.) 
 
 1597. 
 
 Dr. Dee, warden, with Sir Ralph Barber and Robert Talsley, clerk of Man- 
 chester Church, with divers of the town, of divers ages, completed the peram- 
 bulation to the bounds of Manchester parish. This survey of the town took 
 six days to accomplish. May 4th. (Dee's Diary.) 
 
 "Manchester town described and measured by Christopher Saxton, July 
 10. (Dee's Diary.) Saxton left on the 14th. 
 
 The following entry from the Court Leet records shows the rural character 
 of the town : " Richard Nugent hath purchased two messuages or tenements, 
 one barn, two gardens, one orchard, one acre of land, one half acre of meadow, 
 and one half acre of pasture, &c, lying by the Mylne Bridge." October G. 
 
 The Court Leet jury order " that no foreigner nor any other stranger shall 
 sell or measure any corn upon any other day than the Saturday and Monday, 
 and that to be after the bell rings." (Harland's Court Leet.) 
 
 1598. 
 
 The College gate, towards Hunt's Hall, fell down, together with part of the 
 wall, January 22. (Dee's Diary.) 
 
 Captain William Radcliffe, son of Sir John and brother of Sir Alexander 
 Radcliffe, of Ordsal, was slain in the fight at Blackwater, when the English 
 were defeated by Tyrone. 
 
 1599. 
 
 In August Sir Alexander Radcliffe, of Ordsal. was slain when Tyrone 
 defeated the English forces at Cunley Hills. Sir Alexander was knighted at 
 the sack of Cadiz. 20th June, 1590. His bravery is mentioned by Sir John
 
 44 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1600-1605 
 
 Harrington. Margaret Radcliffe was a favourite maid of honour of Queen 
 Elizabeth, and sorrow for the death of her brother shortened her life, which 
 ended 10th November. Another sister, Anne, died soon after at the age of 18. 
 
 Edmund and Thomas Radcliffe, twin sons of Sir John Radcliffe, of Ordsal, 
 died of fever whilst on military service in Flanders. 
 
 On raising men to suppress the rebellion in Ireland, the magistracy of 
 Manchester were cautioned not to send any vagabonds or disorderly persons, 
 but young men of good character, who were well skilled in the use of the 
 hand-gun. 
 
 1600. 
 
 The Court Leet directed that no person was allowed to weigh any yarn or 
 other stuff but by the standard weights of the town. October 2. (Harland's 
 Court Leet.) 
 
 The principal streets of Manchester appear, from the Court Leet records, 
 to have been the Old and New Market Stids or places, Market Stid Lane, and 
 Alport Town, Meale Gate, Withingreave, Hanging Ditch, Smithy Door, and 
 so to Salford Bridge, Fennel Street, Toad Lane, Hunt's Bank, Mylve Gate, and 
 the Mylners Lane. October 2. 
 
 1603. 
 
 A letter was addressed to Sir Robert Cecil by Nicholas Mosley and other 
 leading laymen and clergymen, in which they complain that the Warden Dee 
 and the Fellows of the College, with one exception, are non-resident, and they 
 ask that a fellowship or the wardenship should be conferred upon William 
 Bourne, who had a yearly pension from those " well-affected to religion." 
 (Palatine Note-book, vol. i., p. 48.) 
 
 1604. 
 
 In PasquiVs Jests there are two stories told of " Merry Andrew of Man- 
 chester." One of these stories is given in the Palatine Note-book, vol. iii., p. 192, 
 and has since been modernised as a dialogue for school entertainments in the 
 Rev. J. A. Atkinson's "Merry AndrewjDf Manchester" (Manchester, 1884). 
 
 1605. 
 
 Oliver Carter, B.D., died in March. He was a native of Richmondshire and 
 wrote An Ansiver unto certain Popish Questions, 1579. Hollinworth states 
 that he fell sick as he was preaching of God's providing a succession of godly 
 ministers. Mr. William Bourne went up into the pulpit and preached on the 
 same text. One of Carter's sons was an Irish bishop. 
 
 In consequence of the detection of the Gunpowder Plot, Sir Nicholas 
 Mosley and Richard Holland wrote to the Constables of Manchester, Nov. 20, 
 enjoining watch and word to be duly kept. All strangers who were suspected 
 of complicity were to be examined before the next justice of peace. (Palatine 
 JSiote-book, iii., 257.) 
 
 The plague visited Manchester, and about a thousand died. The chaplain of 
 the Collegiate Church, Mr. Kirke, his wife, and four children all perished. The 
 Rev. William Bourne continued to preach throughout the visitation, "in the 
 towne," says Hollinworth, " so long as he durst by reason of the unruliness of
 
 1607-1608] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 45 
 
 infected persons and want of government, and then he went and preached in a 
 field near to Shorter's Brook, the townspeople being on one side of him and the 
 country people on the other." Six acres of land on Collyhurst were devoted to 
 cabins for the reception of plague patients, who were also buried there. This 
 appropriation of the land was the compromise of a dispute between the 
 burgesses, who regarded it as a common, and the lord of the manor, who had 
 begun to enclose it. He also agreed to pay £10 yearly for the benefit of the poor. 
 (Axon's Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 
 1607. 
 
 Anthony Mosley, of Ancoats, died 25th March, aged 70. He is buried in 
 the Collegiate Church. He refused to serve the office of constable in 1603 for 
 fear of the plague. He bought the Ancoats estate from Sir John Byron. 
 
 Thomas Cogan, or Coghan, buried at Manchester Church, 10th June. He was 
 a native of Chard, and was born about 1545. He was educated at Oxford, and 
 was Fellow of Oriel College, 1563, M.A. in 1566, and M.B. in 1574, and in that 
 year he became High Master of Manchester Grammar School, which position 
 he held until about 1600. He married a lady of position, Ellen, widow of 
 Thomas Willott, who survived her second husband, and died in 1611. Cogan 
 was the author of The Well of Wisedome, 1577, The Haven of Health, 1584, and 
 a selection for the use of schoolboys of Cicero's letters, which appeared in 1602. 
 His will, with a biographical notice, is given in The Palatine Note-book, vol. 
 iii., p. 77. 
 
 1608. 
 
 William Chadderton, D.D., Bishop of Lincoln, and late Warden of Man- 
 chester, died at Southoe, Hunts, 11th April. He was born at Nuthurst, and 
 educated at Cambridge, where he was Regius Professor. He was favourable 
 to Puritanism, but was placed in power by Queen Elizabeth as a check upon 
 the Romanists, who were strong in the north. He removed his residence from 
 Chester to Manchester, and with the Earl of Derby, who was then frequently 
 resident at Aldport, exercised great authority as joint commissioners for 
 promoting the reformation. The bishop had a sort of council of ministers, and 
 daily morning and evening lectures and monthly exercises were set on foot. 
 (Woods' Athcn., Oxon, vol ii., p. 4S2 ; Peck's Desiderata Curiosa.) 
 
 John Dee, M.A., Warden of the Collegiate Church, died at his residence, 
 at Mortlake, in Surrey, in the utmost poverty, aged 81 years. He was born in 
 London, July 13, 1527. He was celebrated for his learning and for his interest 
 in the occult sciences. A folio volume published in 1659 by Meric Casaubon 
 chronicles his intercourse with the world of spirits. His Diary lias been 
 printed by the Camden Society, but somewhat inaccurately, and the portions 
 relating to Manchester have been carefully re-edited by Mr. J. E. Bailey. His 
 autobiographical tracts have been reprinted by the Chetham Society. His 
 mathematical and philosophical tracts are exceedingly rare and sometimes very 
 obscure. It is thought that during his continental travels he was in the 
 employment of the Queen, and sent home intelligence of what he learned 
 abroad. 
 
 Richard Murray, D.D , rector of Stopford (Stockport) and Dean of St.
 
 46 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1608 
 
 Buriens, in Cornwall, appointed warden. The story of this remarkable man is 
 thus told by Hollinworth : — 
 
 "After the death of Dr. Dee, the sayd William Bourne being as was sayd, 
 an approoued divine, and having allso married a kinswoman of the Cecylls 
 Lords Burgley, was in a faire likelyhood of being warden, and had a grant for 
 it, but hee was hindred, partly by his nonconformity (onely a lease of tythes 
 for three lives of about thirty pounds per annum was given him), and partly 
 by the potency of some Scottish lords at court, which got the wardenship for 
 Richard Murray, D.D., who was likewise Parson of Stockport, Deane of St. 
 Buriens, in Cornewall, and had some civill honors descending to him by in- 
 heritance from his Scottish ancestors — one of honorable descent, competently 
 learned, zealous for the dignity of his place as warden, but not laudable other- 
 wayes. Hee seldome preached — onely twise in Manchester— once in Gen. i. 1 
 In the beginning, &c. Another time in Rev. xxii. 20 ; Come, Lord Jesus, &c. 
 So it was sayd that hee in preaching begunne and ended the bible, nor was hee 
 verry skillfull in it. Preaching once before King James vppon Rom i. 16 ; I 
 am not ashamed of the gospell of Christ. When hee came to kisse the King's 
 hand, his Majesty sayd, Thou art not ashamed of the gospell of Christ, but by 
 
 , the gospell of Christ may bee ashamed of thee ! Hee was a greate 
 
 Pluralist, and yet was a mighty hunter of other Ecclesiasticall dignityes and 
 benefices. Hee was very iealous of being poysoned by his servants, if they 
 were discontented at him : hee make them tast before he would eate or drinke. 
 When hee was abroad, he liued very obscurely, lodging rarely in the best 
 innes, or two journeyes together in the same inne ; but at Manchester hee 
 liued in greater state, accounted himselfe (as indeed by his place he was) the 
 best man in the parish. Hee required the fellowes, chaplaines, singing men, 
 choristers to goe before him to church, and some gentlemen followed after : 
 hee demaunded his seate from the Bishop of Chester when hee was sett 
 in it, saying, My Lord, that seate belongs to the warden ; and because 
 hee would not sitt below the bishop, hee remooued in to the body of the 
 church, and in the afternoone hee came timely enough to take his owne 
 seate, and so the bishop was forced to seek another seate. In his time 
 the Quire part of the church grew very ruinous, the revennues of the Colledge 
 were leased out by his meanes. Hee purposely abstained from taking the oath 
 mencioned in the Queene's letters patents, concerning his not receiuing of the 
 Colledge revenues, saue for the dayes in which hee did resyde. The fellow- 
 ships and other places were either not furnished with men, or the men with 
 meanes, herevppon many and grieuous complaints were made by the 
 parishioners against him to King Charles, who comitted the whole matter to 
 William, Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Lord Coventry, of Alsbrough, 
 Lord Keeper of the Greate Seale ; Henry, Earle of Manchester, Lord Keeper of 
 the Privy Seale, that they might enquire further into the matter. Afterward 
 hee comitted it to the examination of Commissioners, in causes ecclesiasticall, 
 which after mature deliberation and examination, proceeding in due forme of 
 law, and having summoned the sayd Richard Murray, personally to answer for 
 himselfe, did not onely remooue the sayd warden from his place, but pronounced 
 him to have bin no warden from the first, and that the colledge had either a 
 weake foundation or none at all."
 
 1309-1616j 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 47 
 
 1609. 
 
 From a partnership deed dated 4th January, 1609-10, between George 
 Tipping and George Chetham, it appears that the goods sent from Manchester 
 to London for sale were Stopport clothe, cotton yarne, or cotton wool, frizes, 
 whites, ruggs, and bayes. (Palatine Note-book, vol. i., p. 127.) 
 
 1612. 
 
 Sir Nicholas Mosley died. He was a prosperous merchant, and managed 
 the exportation of goods from London which were manufactured under the 
 direction of his brother Anstrey at Manchester. He was Lord Mayor of 
 London in 1599, and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth. He became Lord of 
 the Manor of Manchester in 1596, and in 1604 was High Sheriff of Lancashire. 
 He is buried in Didsbury churcn. His character has been drawn as an energetic 
 trader and pious Christian, and also as one careless how his money was gained 
 and living and dying a miser. (Mosley's Family Memorials ; Axon's Lanca- 
 shire Gleanings.) His son Rowland succeeded as Lord of the Manor. 
 
 1613. 
 
 William Barlow, D.D., Bishop of Lincoln, died at Buckden, September 7, 
 said to have been born at Barlow Hall, Chorlton-cum-Hardy. He was the 
 author of Vita et Obitu Richardi Cosin, 1598; Sermon at Paul's Cross, 1600; 
 Sum of the Conference at Hampton Court, 1604. Baines says tbat he was 
 one of the Barlows of Barlow, but this seems very doubtful. 
 
 1614. 
 
 Dame Alice Caesar died 23rd May. She was a daughter of Christopher 
 Grene, of Manchester, and when widow of John Dent, merchant, of London, 
 married, 10th April, 1596, as his second wife, Sir Julius Ceesar, who was suc- 
 cessively Master of the Rolls and Chancellor of the Exchequer. He survived 
 her, dying 26th April, 1636. They are both buried in Great St. Helen's, Bishop- 
 gate Street, London. (Lodge's Life of Sir Julius Cozsar, 1827.) 
 
 1615. 
 John White, D.D., died. He was a native of St. Neots, and brother of 
 Franer's White, Bishop of Ely. He was Vicar of Eccles, Fellow of the 
 Collegiate Church, and author of The Way to the True Church, 1610 ; Defence 
 of the Way to the True Church, 1614. His works were collected in 1624 by his 
 brother. (Wood's Athen. Ox., vol. iii., p. 238; Fuller's Worthies.) 
 
 1616. 
 
 Rowland Mosley, Lord of the Manor, died. He had a lawsuit with the 
 townsfolk as to the waste of Collyhurst. (Mosley's Family Memorials.) He 
 left a son, Edward, one year old, to succeed him. 
 
 "Anno 1016 was an extraordinary flood, called from the day Lambard's 
 Fiood, in which the water suddenly rose many yards plumme above the ordi- 
 nary course, that men stood upon Salford Bridge, and laded up water with a 
 little piggin. It is a easy matter with God to drowne a towne ; yea, a world." 
 (Hollinworth's Mancuniensis.)
 
 48 Annals of Manchester. [1617-1622 
 
 1617. 
 
 James I. visited Lancashire, and the famous Book of Sports was the answer 
 to a petition presented to him at Houghton Tower in August. The proclama- 
 tion was drawn up by Bishop Morton at Preston, and the King altered it from 
 the style of a bishop to that of a king, and issued it from the court at Green- 
 wich. It has several times been printed. (Axon's Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 His Majesty, in this memorable document, proceeds to state that "for his 
 good people's lawful recreation, his pleasure is that, after the end of divine 
 service, his good people be not disturbed, letted, or discouraged from any law- 
 ful recreation, such as dancing, either men or women ; archery (for men), 
 leaping, vaulting, or any such harmless recreation ; nor from having of May- 
 games, Whitson-ales, and morice dances, and the setting up of May-poles, and 
 other sports therewith used, &c." And he " bars from this benefit and liberty 
 all such known recusants, either men or women, as will abstain from coming 
 to church." This proclamation gave great offence to the Puritans. 
 
 1620. 
 
 The fifth Sir Edmund Trafford died. He was thrice High Sheriff of Lanca- 
 shire. In 1584 there was a levy of 200 men for the service of the Queen in her 
 Irish wars, and that the Lancashire lads might not be committed to strange 
 captains, who "for the most part" had not used their soldiers "with the love 
 and care that appertained " one of their own shire, Edmund Trafford, eldest 
 son of Sir Edmund Trafford, Knight, was appointed their commander. Two 
 years later an entry in the Court Leet book shows that the town paid £16 to 
 Mr. Trafford and Mr. Edmund Assheton for the "makeing of soldiers into 
 Ireland." In 1603, when James made his progress into England, a number of 
 gentlemen were "graced with the honour of knighthood" at York. Amongst 
 these was Edmund Trafford, who, like his father, was a hater of Roman 
 Catholics, and employed a spy named Christopher Bayley to ferret them out. 
 His first wife was a Booth, of Barton. In a second marriage he espoused a 
 Lady Mildred Cecil, the second daughter of the Earl of Exeter A daughter 
 received the name of Cecilia, and a son the name of Cecil, in honour of the 
 mother's family. 
 
 Leonard Smethley, arms painter and deputy herald, resident in Manchester, 
 writes to the College of Heralds letters complaining of those who refused to 
 pay the fees, and describing the funds of Sir Alexander Barlow, Sir Edmund 
 Trafford, and others. These letters, with others of Randal Holmes ranging 
 1620-22, are printed in the Chetham Miscellany, vol. v. 
 
 1622. 
 
 Oswald Moseley, of the Garret, died. His first wife was a daughter of Rev. 
 Richard Gerrard, from one of whose family he bought the Garret Hall estate. 
 His daughters married against his wishes, and his two eldest sons died before. 
 The estate was inherited by his son Samuel, who, in 1631, sold it and went to 
 live in Ireland. His descendants include Dr. Benjamin Moseley, Thomas 
 Moseley, Lord Mayor of York in 1687, Rowland Moseley, Sheriff of York in 
 1702. He has had also some notable descendants in America. (Mosley's Family 
 Memorials ; Axon's Lancashire Gleanings.)
 
 1623-1627] Annals of Manchester. 49 
 
 1623. 
 
 The Charter of Manchester, granted in 1301 by Thomas de Gresley, enrolled, 
 at the request of the burgesses, in the records of the Chancery of Lancaster, 
 September 16. (Harland's Mamcestre, vol. ii., p. 240.) 
 
 1624. 
 
 In the Court Leet records the jury find that William Butler had pur- 
 chased of Sir John Sucklinge, knight, Anthony Abdye, of London, merchant, 
 and William Sparke, gent., certain burgages or tenements in the St. Marye 
 Gate, Deansgate, and Toad Lane, within the town of Manchester ; and Butler 
 was ordered to come to do his suit and service to the manorial lord. Sir John 
 Suckling was the father of the poet. (Palatine Note-book, vol. i., p. 197.) 
 
 Ralph Cud worth, D.D., died this year. He was " the second son of Ralph 
 Cudworth, of Wernith Hall, near Manchester, esquire, chief lord of Oldham, 
 was bred Fellow of Emanuel College, in Cambridge, a most excellent preacher, 
 who continued and finished some imperfect works of Mr. Perkins, and after 
 his decease supplied his place in St. Andrew's, in Cambridge. He was at last 
 presented by the college to the parish of Aller, in Somersetshire." (Fuller's 
 Worthies.) His more famous son, Dr. Ralph Cudworth, was born at Aller. 
 
 1625. 
 
 Sir Henry Montague received from Charles I. the title of Earl of Manchester, 
 which was altered to that of Duke 1719. The first bearer of the title was the 
 author of a once popular devotional volume entitled Manchester al Mondo, 
 1033, which went through nine editions. It was reprinted in 1SS0, with a bio- 
 graphical introduction by Mr. J. E. Bailey. The Earl of Manchester had no 
 connection with the town from which he took his title, except that of sending 
 an occasional present of game. 
 
 1627. 
 
 Sir John Radcliffe, of Ordsal, was slain at the Isle of Rhe 5th November, 
 ne was then 46 years of age. Some verses addressed to him by Ben Jonson 
 refer to the fatalities that had overtaken his family : — 
 
 How like a column, Radcliffe, left alone 
 
 For the great mark of virtue, those being gone 
 
 Who did, alike with thee, thy house upbear, 
 
 Btand'at thou, to show the times what you all were. 
 
 Two bravely in the battle fell, and dy'd 
 
 Upbraiding rebel arms and barbarous pride ; 
 
 And two that would have fallen, as great as they, 
 
 The Belgic fever ravished away. 
 
 Thou, that art all their valour, all their spirit, 
 
 And thine own goodness to increase thy merit — 
 
 Than those I do not know a whiter soul, 
 
 Nor could I, had I seen all Nature's roll — 
 
 Thou yet remain'st unhurt, in peace and war, 
 
 Though not unprov'd ; which shows thy fortunes are 
 
 Willing to expiate the fault in thee, 
 
 Wlu-rewith, against thy blood, they offenders be 
 
 It is said that Radcliffe had quarrelled with his wife and, when fatally 
 wounded, wrote a letter to her, which the Duke of Buckingham kept from her. 
 U
 
 50 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1630-1632 
 
 She was Alice, daughter of Sir John Byron, of Newstead. (Earwaker's Local 
 Gleanings, No. 302.) 
 
 Samuel Bispham, " Doctor in Phisicke," resident in Salford, but apparently- 
 had another house at Great Lever when, in 1631, he attended Bishop Bridgman, 
 who had sickened during the plague time at Wigan. Bispham was a graduate 
 of Leyden and of Oxford. From Salford he went to London, and in 1643 went 
 on an embassy to France, Genoa, Florence, and Venice, in which he boasts that 
 he spent £7,000 and lost £10,000. In 1660 he was a petitioner as " the only sur- 
 viving physician of the late King." His son Thomas, also a doctor of medicine, 
 was the author of Iter Australe, a Latin poem, printed at Oxford in 1658. The 
 entries relating to the Bispham family in the Manchester registers range from 
 1576 to 1634. (Palatine Note-book, vol. iii., pp. 8, 73.) 
 
 1630. 
 
 Oswald Mosley, of Ancoats, died, aged 47. From 1613 to his death he was 
 steward of the Court Leet. 
 
 1631. 
 
 " The Lord sent his destroying angell into an inne in Manchester, on which 
 died Richard Merriott and his wife, the master and dame of the house, and all 
 that were in it, or went in it for certaine weekes together. At last they 
 burned or buried all the goods in the house ; and yet, in midst of judgment, 
 did God remember mercy, for no person else was that yeare touched with the 
 infection." (Hollinworth's Mancuniensis.) 
 
 Fair Em, the Miller's Daughter of Manchester, with the love of William 
 the Conqueror. A pleasant comedy, as it was sundry times acted in the 
 Honourable City of London by the Right Honourable the Lord Strange's 
 servants. (London, 1631.) This play, which mentions Manchester, Chester, 
 and the Traffords, has been wrongfully attributed to Robert Green. It has 
 been reprinted by Professor Delius, 1874 ; by Richard Simpson (School of 
 Shakspere), 1878 ; and by Drs. Warnke and Proescholdt, 1883. A ballad on the 
 subject was licensed in 1581, and the play, though perhaps not printed, was in 
 existence in 1591. It has even been supposed that Shakspere had some share 
 in the authorship. (Axon's Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 
 1632. 
 
 " Daniel Baker, M.A., rector of Assheton-on-Mercy Banke, and Fellow of 
 the Colledge, having on Good Friday (as it is called) administered the Lord's 
 Supper, and being (as it is feared) somewhat overcharged with drinke, in Salford, 
 was found dead in the morning in the water under Salford Bridge. Whether 
 hee fell downe of himself e, being a tall man, and the battlements then but low, 
 or whether hee was cast downe or put over the bridge, is not certainely knowne 
 to this day." (Hollinworth's Mancuniensis.) 
 
 Sir Cecil Trafford abjured the reformed faith, and became a Roman 
 Catholic. He had been a great persecutor of the recusant Catholics. In his 
 zeal for the reformed religion he attempted to convert a kinsman, Francis 
 Downes, of Wardley, but the fresh consideration of the controversy between 
 the Anglican and Roman Churches led him to join the communion of the latter. 
 
 A paper fixed upon the south door of the Collegiate Church with shoe-
 
 1633-1635] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 51 
 
 maker's wax. It was taken down by the churchwardens, who sent a copy to 
 London, which is preserved in the Harleian MS. 2176, f. 7. It is obscurely 
 worded, but appears to be a Puritan incitement to insurrection. Mr. J. P. 
 Rylands regards it as an evidence that "the idea of taking away the King's 
 life existed in some minds at least seventeen years before he was brought to 
 trial." (See Baines' Lancashire, old ed., and Palatine Note-book, vol. i., p. 89.) 
 The MS. was endorsed by some official "Apeece of Paracelsus his plaster, 
 or a little melancholike treason extracted from a distracted and simple soul." 
 
 1633. 
 
 "On New-Yeare's-Day, the Mosse being of a greate breadth, and foure or 
 five yards deepe, rose up out of his place, and trauelled towards the house of 
 James Knowles, and environed it about, carried a large stone trough before it, 
 and boar downe trees that stood in the way, but being afterward somewhat 
 broken with a row of trees before the sayd James Knowles' house, it filled the 
 brookes and riuers, slew the fish, blackend the water, made some fruitful land 
 barren." 
 
 1634. 
 
 Sacred Trinity Church, Salford, founded by Humphrey Booth, a prosperous 
 merchant of Salford. Hollinworth gives the following account : — 
 
 "Humfrey Booth, of Salford, laid the foundation of Trinity chappell, in 
 Salford, and of his owne cost (save that about two hundred pounds was giuen 
 by seuerall persons :— Sir Alexander Radcliffe, of Oardsall, twenty pounds; 
 Henry Wigley, twenty pounds ; Robert Pendleton, twenty or forty pounds ; 
 Charles Ilaworth, ten pounds ; John Hartley, twelve pounds ; John Gaskell, 
 five pounds ; George Scholes, ten pounds ; Ralph Bayley, five pounds ; and 
 Dthers lesser summes ;) did finish it, and endow it with twenty pounds lands 
 per annum : the said Humfrey Booth, being, by God's blessing on his trading, 
 made rich, gaue allso to the poore of Salford, the first lands that he bought to 
 the value of twenty pounds per annum, and payd it duely all his life time. 
 Hee being in greate weakenesse, earnestly desired that hee might Hue to see 
 the chappell finished, which hee did, but immediately after the solemne dedi- 
 cation of it, by the Bishop of Chester, hee more apparently weakened, then hee 
 earnestly begged that he might partake of the Lord's Supper there, and then 
 hee would not wish to Hue longer. It pleased God to revive him in such a 
 measure, as that hee was able to goe to the chappel constantly till hee was 
 partaker of the supper (which could not bee done for some moneths after the 
 consecration) in the chappell, and was neuer able to goe forth after, nor scarce 
 to get home. Hee was a man just in his trading, generous in entertainment of 
 any gentlemen of quality that came to the towne, though meere si rangers to 
 him, bountifull to the church and poore, faithfull to his friend, and we hope, 
 God gaue him both repentance for, and remission of his sinns, in the blood of 
 Jesus." 
 
 1635. 
 
 Richard Murray, D.D., removed from the wardenship upon a petition from 
 the inhabitants, for destroying the revenues, and allowing the church to fall 
 into decay. See under date 1G08.
 
 52 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1637-1639 
 
 Humphrey Chetham, high sheriff, was ordered by Charles I. to levy 
 £3,500 upon the county for a vessel of 350 tons, towards which Salford Hundred 
 paid £490, Liverpool paid £25, Lancaster £25, and Wigan £50. The sheriff was 
 taken sharply to account for levying more than the specified amount, in order 
 to reimburse himself for the cost of collection, and was told that it was a 
 " Starre Chamber business." 
 
 The population of the Parish of Manchester in the charter of the Collegiate 
 Church at 20,000 persons. 
 
 1637. 
 
 A gallery first erected in the Collegiate Church by Humphrey Booth, mer- 
 chant, of Salford, founder of Sacred Trinity Church, Salford. 
 
 1638. 
 
 Charles I. granted a new charter of foundation to the Collegiate Church. 
 September 30. In this charter the salary of the warden was £70 per annum ; 
 each fellow, £35 ; each chaplain, £17 10s. and marriage fees ; each singing man, 
 £10 ; and each singing boy, £5. The foundation members were : Richard 
 Heyrick, warden ; William Bourne, Samuel Boardman, Richard Johnson, and 
 Peter Shaw, fellows ; Edmund Hopwood and Robert Brown, chaplains ; 
 William Leigh, John LeLgh, Peter Starkey, and Charles Leigh, singing men. 
 
 Sir Edward Mosley died at Rolleston Hall, at the age of 70. He was 
 attorney-general of the Duchy of Lancaster, and bought the Rolleston estates. 
 He was succeeded by his nephew Edward, lord of the manor of Manchester 
 and son of Rowland Mosley. (See under date 1616.) 
 
 The Collegiate Church, which had been suffered to fall into decay, under- 
 went great repairs. 
 
 1639. 
 
 The Transit of Venus over the sun 24th November. It was observed by 
 Jeremiah Horrox, at Hoole, who has described it in. his Venus in Sole Visa. 
 He communicated his expectation of the circumstance to his friend William 
 Crabtree, of Broughton, that he also might look out for a phenomenon which 
 would not recur for more than a century. Crabtree looked, but the sky was 
 overcast and he was unable to see anything. But a little before sunset, 
 namely, about thirty -five minutes past three, certainly between thirty and forty 
 minutes after three, the sun burst forth from behind the clouds. He at once 
 began to observe, and was gratified by beholding the pleasing spectacle of Venus 
 upon the sun's disc. Rapt in contemplation, he stood for some time motionless, 
 scarcely trusting his own senses through excess of joy. He was born 1610 and 
 baptised 29th June. He was a " clothier "—apparently a prosperous merchant 
 of the seventeenth century. He married, in 1633, Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Henry Pendleton. His mathematical and astronomical attainments were 
 of a very high order — as is evidenced by his correspondence with Horrox, and 
 by the warm testimony of Sir Edward Sherburne in his annotations upon 
 Manilius. There is a translation of Horrox's Latin discourse on the Transit by 
 the Rev. A. B. Whatton (London, 1869). A paper by Mr. J. E. Bailey, giving 
 biographical and bibliographical particulars, appeared in the Palatine Note- 
 book, vol. ii., p. 253 ; vol. iii., p. 17.
 
 1641-1642] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 53 
 
 1641. 
 
 Edward Barlow, Roman Catholic priest (Father Ambrose, O.S.B.), executed 
 as a recusant, at Lancaster, September 10th. He was born at Manchester in 1585, 
 and was son of Alexander Barlow of Barlow. He was educated at Douay and 
 Valladolid. He was sent as a mission priest, and for twenty-four years laboured 
 chiefly in his native county, where he was revered by those of his own faith 
 for the sanctity of his life. He was arrested on Easter day by a minister and 
 his congregation who left their own service to hunt the priest. He was tried 
 at Lancaster Assizes for recusancy, and was executed September 10. Some 
 curious extracts from a letter to his brother, Dr. Rudesind Barlow, are given 
 in Challoner's Missionary Priests. 
 
 An interesting reference to vegetable cotton, the soft substance forming the 
 covering or envelope of the seeds of the gossypium, or cotton plant, as an 
 article used in manufacture, appears in a small treatise published at London 
 in 1641, entitled " The Treasure of Traffic," written by Lewis Roberts, who says 
 that "the town of Manchester buys the linen yarn of the Irish in great 
 quantity, and, weaving it, returns the same again to Ireland to sell. Neither 
 doth her industry rest here, for they buy cotton wool in London, that comes 
 from Cyprus and Smyrna, and work the same into fustians, vermilions, 
 dimities, and other such stuffs, which they return to London, where they are 
 sold ; and thence not seldom are sent into foreign parts, which have means on 
 far easier terms to provide themselves of the first material." 
 
 The news of the so-called Irish Massacre excited almost consternation, and 
 the Lancashire Protestants were afraid of similar trouble at home, where the 
 Roman Catholics were very numerous. Application was made to Lord Strange, 
 the lord-lieutenant, for arms and ammunition. Magazines were formed in 
 various parts of the county, and at Manchester a room of the college was set 
 apart and stocked with ten barrels of gunpowder and a proportionate quantity 
 of match. 
 
 1642. 
 
 The struggle between the King and the Parliament was drawing to a point 
 when the arbitration of the sword alone was possible. The people of Man- 
 chester, led by Heyrick, the warden, made their "Protestation," 28th Feb., 
 in the form drawn up by the Long Parliament in May, 1641. The list of names 
 appended is found in the Palatine Note-book, vol. i., p. 80. The original is 
 amongst the MSS. of the House of Lords. The King left London for York, 
 where he was joined by many of the nobility. King and Parliament each tried 
 to secure the counties to their side. 
 
 The memorable petition in favour of peace was drawn up by Richard 
 Heyrick, warden of Manchester, and presented by him and James Bradshawe 
 as a deputation to Charles I., at York. It was signed by sixty-four knighl 
 and esquires, fifty-five divines, seven hundred and forty gentlemen, and about 
 seven thousand freeholders and others. Amongst the deputat ion was t lie after- 
 wards celebrated John Bradshaw, president of the High Court of Justice. The 
 King, in his reply, given 6th June, declared himself equally opposed to Popish 
 superstitions on the one side, and to schismatical innovation and confusion on 
 the other. Upon this evasive reply the town of ."Manchester declared in
 
 54 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 U642 
 
 favour of the Parliament. The solemn League and Covenant was subscribed 
 to by the Puritans in Manchester, at whose head was Warden Heyrick, who 
 was also the head of thirty gentlemen appointed to superintend the fortifica- 
 tions of the town against the King's troops. The parties divided themselves at 
 the county meeting on Preston Moor. There Sir John Girlington read the 
 king's " Commission of Array," addressed to him as High Sheriff of Lancashire. 
 James, Lord Strange, son and heir apparent of William, Earl of Derby, was 
 by the king appointed one of the commissioners, and lord-lieutenant of the 
 counties of Lancaster and Chester, to put it into execution. Whilst the High 
 Sheriff seized the magazine at Preston, Lord Strange did the same at Liverpool. 
 Alexander Rigby, as Commissioner for the Parliament, hurried to Manchester 
 to prevent the same accident there. The townspeople asked for its removal to 
 a place of safety, and when Sir A. Radcliffe and Thomas Prestwich came to 
 seize for the King the ten barrels of gunpowder, which were stored in 
 a room of the college, they found that it had been removed by Assheton, 
 of Middleton. Lord Strange inarched upon the town and demanded the mili- 
 tary stores, which were refused. The train bands turned out to protect them, 
 and Lord Strange's proposal that the stores should be placed under the charge 
 of magistrates of both parties was refused, and he retired. The king now 
 ordered that part of the ammunition should go to Bury, part to Rochdale, and 
 that part should remain at Manchester. To allay the feeling of the Protestants 
 he announced that no recusants should serve in his army. This proclamation 
 was read at the Cross in Manchester, and Lord Strange then withdrew to 
 Bury. At this point there is said to have happened an affray between his men 
 and the townspeople, but the narrative is very confused and doubtful. Th ; 
 Parliamentarians refused the offered terms, but some of the inhabitants 
 offered to purchase an equal amount for the royal service, and invited Lord 
 Strange to a banquet. He came with a great retinue as lord-lieutenant and 
 accompanied by the high sheriff, who read the king's proclamation of array. 
 The Royalists paraded the streets, exclaiming, "The town's our own." The Par- 
 liamentarians armed the pikemen and musketeers for fear of an attack. Whilst 
 Lord Strange was at dinner, Captains Holcroft and Birch, firm Parliamen- 
 tarians, with their forces entered the town, and beat to arms. A skirmish 
 ensued, and Richard Perceval, a linen weaver, of Kirkmanshulme, was slain. 
 This is believed to have been the first blood shed in the Civil War, which may 
 be said to have begun at Manchester 15th July. Lord Strange withdrew into 
 Cheshire. These events, perhaps, decided the king to give up his intention of 
 raising his standard in Lancashire, but the selection of Nottingham gave great 
 umbrage to our local gentry. Lord Strange's action at Manchester led to his 
 impeachment for high treason 14th September. In spite of the King's pro- 
 clamation Lord Strange enlisted many Roman Catholics, and with the men so 
 raised intended to revenge himself for his previous defeat at Manchester. The 
 burgesses on their side were not idle, but put themselves in a posture of 
 defence. The military operations of Manchester were under the direction of 
 Lieut.-Colonel John Rosworm, a German soldier of experience, whom Lord 
 Strange vainly desired to gain over. The town's forces were under the com- 
 mand of Captain Ratcliffe, of Pool Fold, and 150 auxiliaries furnished by the 
 Asshetons, of Middleton, were commanded by Captain Bradshawe. As early
 
 1642] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 55 
 
 as 22nd September the town was threatened by the Royalists, and Manchester 
 was formally besieged by Lord Strange and Lord Molineux, on Sunday, Sept. 
 25, with an army consisting of 4,000 foot, 200 dragoons, 100 light horse, and 
 seven pieces of cannon. After a struggle of some days the besiegers abandoned 
 the attempt, with the loss of 200 men, the besieged having lost only four killed 
 and four wounded. Lord Strange's various proposals for disarming the bur- 
 gesses were all rejected by them, and Lord Strange's artillery was answered 
 by galling musketry fire from the Roundheads stationed in and about the 
 churchyard. The Rev. William Bourne, the venerable Puritan minister, 
 greatly encouraged the defenders. The houses, however, were much damaged, 
 and great plunder was said to have been carried away by the Royalists. The 
 town was immediately more completely fortified. Salford remained royalist. 
 Alport Lodge was the headquarters of the Earl of Derby during the siege. 
 Alport Park and Over Alport contained 95 acres, and comprised all the land 
 between Irwell and Tib, and between Medlock and Quay Street. (There is a 
 notice of it by Sir Oswald Mosley in Palatine Note-book, vol. i., p. 120.) 
 Captain Standish, of Duxbury, a Royalist, was killed by a bullet from the 
 tower of the Collegiate Church, whilst looking out of the door of Robert 
 Widdow's house, in Salford, Sept. 29, upon which his soldiers ran away. 
 Another royalist loss was Colonel Cutbert Clifton " slain at Manchester." 
 (Challoner's Missionary Priests.) According to a notice of later date, Law- 
 rence Holker, a Royalist, was imprisoned at Manchester during the siege, and 
 his estates were sequestered. {Gentleman 's Magazine, 1793, p. 1059.) Lord 
 Strange, by the death of his father, was now Earl of Derby. The resistance of 
 Manchester had disheartened him, and he was probably not sure whether his 
 Lancashire tenantry, whom he had recruited, would fight against the towns- 
 men, with whom they would have many common sympathies. On October 1, 
 after an exchange of prisoners, he raised the siege and withdrew. 
 
 Parliament prohibited the feoffees of Manchester Grammar School from 
 renewing a lease of the town's mills to Mr. Prestwiche, on the ground that he 
 was a Rovalist. Early in November new fortifications were added to the town. 
 Under the Speaker's warrant, four pieces of brass ordnance, commanded by 
 Ralph Assheton, were ordered for its protection. The garrison was felt as a 
 disagreeable tax upon the persons of the Puritans, and it was presently deter- 
 mined that the estates of the "delinquents" were the most proper treasury 
 wherefrom to defray the charge of its maintenance. They were taxed 
 accordingly. Sir Alexander Radcliffe, knight, of Ordsall, who had been an 
 active loyalist at the siege of Manchester, was taken prisoner in Essex, and 
 committed to the custody of the Sergeant-at-Arms, November 2, and sent to 
 the Tower, November 9. Sir Cecil Trafford, who was styled an Arch-papist, 
 fell into the hands of the Parliamentarians at Manchester, December 2. Two 
 companies of the Manchester Regiment embarked in " foreign " service, and 
 marched to Wigan, where they suffered a defeat by the Royalists. Acting 
 upon Rosworm's advice, they determined to recover their reputation, and at 
 the battle of Chowbent the Manchester Regiment obtained "a splendid 
 victory " over the Royalists, December 24. 
 
 The siege of Manchester was an important event in the great struggle 
 between the King and the Parliament. The successful defence made by the
 
 5Q Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1643 
 
 townspeople encouraged the resistance of the Puritans and gave them heart 
 for what seemed an unequal contest. The decided adherence of the people 
 of Manchester to the parliamentary side caused it to be said—" That had not 
 this town stood firmly to the king and parliament, the whole country would 
 have been brought into subjection to the oppression and violence of the 
 cavaliers." Throughout the Civil War the Manchester train bands acted a 
 conspicuous part. In a publication bearing the title of Jehova Jireh, God in 
 the Mount; or, England's Parliamentary Chronicle, the Parliamentarians 
 of Manchester are eulogised "as the honest-hearted and most courageous 
 Manchesterians ; the principal men in the kingdom, next to the most famous 1 
 and renowned citie of London, that fight most prosperously for God and true 
 religion." The details of the siege of Manchester, a very small affair if judged 
 »y modern military ideas, are given in Dr. George Ormerod's Memorials of 
 the Civil War in Lancashire, published by the Chetham Society, which 
 includes the narrative of Col. Rosworm, entitled Good Service Ill-rewarded ; 
 in which he complains with much bitterness that the Manchester Puritans did 
 not pay him according to their contract. Palmer's Siege of Manchester ; 
 Hibbert Ware's Foundations, and Beamont's Civil War in Lancashire, 
 published by the Chetham Society, contain many particulars of interest, 
 mainly from parliamentary writers. Several curious pamphlets appeared this 
 year relating to Manchester. The best known are Manchester's Joy for 
 Derby's Overthrow, and Lancashire's Valley of Achor [by John Angier], 
 giving an account of the sieges of Manchester, Bolton, &c. A number of 
 the contemporary tracts are preserved in the Manchester Free Library, and in 
 the Chetham Library, as well as in the Thomasson collection in the British 
 Museum. 
 
 1643. 
 
 Manchester was made the headquarters of the Parliamentary army, under 
 Sir Thomas Fairfax, January 12, who remained there till the 21st, when, with 
 2,500 foot and 28 troops of horse, he marched to the relief of Northwich. 
 
 Sir John Seaton, a Scottish knight, major-general of the Parliament's 
 forces in Lancashire, made Manchester his headquarters, and, attended by 
 Colonel Holland, Captain Booth, Sergeant-Majors Birch and Sparrow, with 
 three companies of foot, marched from Manchester to besiege Preston, Feb. 
 10, which town surrendered after two hours' fighting. Captain Booth was 
 the first to scale the walls, with the cry of "Follow me, or give me up for 
 ever." The three Manchester troops "distinguished themselves eminently." 
 A ship with supplies for the King was wrecked on the sands and the stores 
 seized by the Roundheads. 
 
 The Earl of Newcastle, when at Bradford in July, as the King's general, 
 proposed to the town terms of surrender, but the proposal was firmly rejected. 
 The Earl, finding that nothing was to be gained, took another route and went 
 to Hull, and thus put an end to the military affairs of the place. July. 
 
 William Bourne, B.D., Fellow of the Collegiate Church, died. He was a 
 native of Staffordshire and a graduate of St. John's College, Cambridge. He 
 was an earnest, pious, and learned Puritan, and was exceedingly popular with 
 the parishioners. (See Hollinworth's Mancuniensis andHalley's Lancashire.)
 
 1641-1645] Annals of Manchester. 57 
 
 He had a controversy in 1631 with Richard Johnson, another Fellow of the 
 Collegiate Church, as to the nature of sin. In consequence, a Roman Catholic 
 priest published a tract against both disputants, which Avas answered by 
 Hollinworth. 
 
 Master John Shawe appointed to preach every Friday. The town then con- 
 tained many Puritan fugitives. Shawe was promised £50, but "never got a 
 penny." Shawe was at this time vicar of Lymme, and has left a very curious 
 autobiography. {Memoirs of Mr. John Shawe, edited by Rev. J. R. Boyle, 
 Hull, 1882 ; Axon's Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 
 1644. 
 
 The siege of Lathom House commenced February 28th, and was persisted in 
 for three months. The besiegers were commanded by Sir Thomas Fairfax, and 
 his officers were Manchester gentlemen. The heroic defence by Charlotte 
 de la Tremoville, Countess of Derby, gives that lady a place amongst the 
 heroines of history. 
 
 1645. 
 
 A pestilence visited the town ; and from an ordinance of parliament, July 9, 
 it appears that it raged with such violence that for many months none had 
 been permitted to come in and go out of the town. The ordinance says : 
 " Most of the inhabitants living upon trade are not only ruined in their estates, 
 but many families are like to perish for want who cannot be sufficiently 
 relieved by that miserably wasted country." The parliament voted a grant of 
 £1,000 "for the relief of Manchester," and directed a collection to be made in all 
 the churches and chapels of the metropolis for the same purpose. December. 
 The proceeds were forwarded hither to John Hartley, of Strangeways Hall. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Byland buried at the Collegiate Church 16th July. He 
 was a native of the town, and was baptised 1st January, 1618-19. His will is 
 printed in Earwaker's Local Gleanings, No. 594. The several members of the 
 family are known. There is a halfpenny token of the elder brother, who was a 
 grocer. 
 
 Walter Balcanquell, D.D., died at Chirk Castle 25th December, and is buried 
 in Chirk Church. He was a native of Scotland and chaplain of James I. On 
 the death of Oliver Carter he was elected Fellow of the Collegiate Church, but 
 had ceased to hold that position in 1638, when the new charter was granted. 
 He was Dean of Durham in 1639, but was reduced to poverty by his zeal for the 
 Royalist cause. He wrote The Statutes of Harlot's Hosintal ; A Sermon 
 Preached at St. Mary's, Spittle, 1623 ; The Honour of Christian Churches, 
 1633 ; Rise and Progress of the Troubles in Scotland, 1639. In the curious 
 case of Swinneston versus Mosley, in 1647, one of the witnesses testified that 
 the plaintiff, Mrs. Anne Swinnerton, had told him that she had received £300 
 for withdrawing a charge of rape that she had preferred against Dr. 
 Balcanquell. " This doctor," said the witness, " I knew to be a reverend man, 
 and to my Icnouledgc is long since dead and in heaven." (Harlcian Mis- 
 cellany, ed. Park, iii., p. 501.) There is some doubt whether Balcanquell 
 resided in Manchester, but as his name passed into a phrase to describe an 
 odd-looking man, it may be supposed that he was not entirely unknown here. 
 A full notice of Balcrmquell is given in the Raines MSS., vol. xli., p. 179.
 
 58 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1646-1649 
 
 Robert Burnell "came to be sexton of Manchester Church. The rates of 
 graves in alleys, in the parish part, except middle alley and two cross alleys, 
 were five shillings for a man or woman, and two shillings and sixpence for a 
 child, and ten groats for a child, and six shillings and eightpence for a man or 
 woman." In 1649 they were doubled. 
 
 1646. 
 
 Richard Bradley, a Jesuit priest, arrested and " committed close prisoner 
 at Manchester, and died of the gaol disease before he was brought to his trial.'' 
 (Challoner's Missionary Priests.) In Gillow's Bibliographical Dictionary the 
 date of his death is given as 20th or 30th July, 1645. Bradley was born at 
 Bryning in 1605. 
 
 Lancashire formed into an ecclesiastical province, and its spiritual affairs 
 consigned to the several presbyteries. October 2. The " Presbyterical Classis" 
 for the county hold their first meeting at Preston. 
 
 Richard Heyrick, warden of Manchester, was one of the representatives 
 of Lancashire in the Assembly of Divines at Westminster. 
 
 1647. 
 
 George Fox began to preach his doctrine. " And I heard," he says, " of a 
 woman in Lancashire that had fasted two and twenty days ; and I travelled to 
 see her ; but when I came to her I saw that she was under a temptation, and 
 when I had spoken to her what I had from the Lord I left her ; her father 
 being one high in profession. And passing on I went among the professors at 
 Duckenfield and Manchester, where I stayed awhile and declared the truth 
 among them." (Fox's Journal.) 
 
 1648. 
 
 A flood, caused by " a sudden and terrible rain." July. (Hollin worth.) 
 
 The Harmonious Consent of the ministers of Lancashire published. It is 
 a fierce protest against toleration as soul-murther. An address to the parlia- 
 ment. This intolerant document was principally levelled against the Indepen- 
 dents, who were rising rapidly into religious and political notoriety. (Halley's 
 Lancashire.) 
 
 The Presbyterian divines and Committee of Sequestrators held their county 
 meeting at Manchester. In this county 145 persons were fined to the amount 
 of £28,109 lis. 4d. Among them were John Byrom, of Salford, £201 16s. 6d. ; 
 Edward Byrom, of Salford, £2 6s. 8d. ; Adam Bowker, of Salford, £16 13s. ; 
 Peter Bowker, of Manchester, £12; Sir Edward Mosley, of Hough's End, 
 £4,874 ; Nicholas Mosley, of Ancoats, £170 ; Francis Mosley, and Nicholas, his 
 son, of Collyhurst, £200 ; Henry Pendleton, of Manchester, £80 ; Alexander 
 Potter, of Manchester, £4 0s. 5d. ; Sir T. Prestwiche, and Thomas, his son, of 
 Hulme, £330 ; Ferdinand Stanley, of Broughton, £150 ; John Rogerson, of 
 Manchester, £4 8s. 4d. 
 
 Manchester College seized and converted into a military magazine and 
 prison for delinquents. 
 
 1649. 
 
 The Parliament's proclamation prohibiting any person from being styled 
 King of England was read in the Market Place 6th February, at four o'clock in 
 the afternoon. (Earwaker's Local Gleanings, No. 319.)
 
 1650-1651] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 59 
 
 " There were observed by hundreds of people in the Market Place of Man- 
 chester, three perheli (mock suns), about ten o'clock before noon, which 
 vanished away one after another, so that at eleven none were seen. I saw two 
 of them myself." 26th Feb. (Hollinworth's Mancuniensis.) 
 
 The Independents having obtained the ascendency over their rivals, the 
 Presbyterians, one of their first acts was to appoint a Committee of Sequestra- 
 tion, which seized all the church lands in this parish, dissolved the collegiate 
 body, and appropriated its revenues. Heyrick, the warden, who resisted the 
 administrators of these resolutions, was brought into subjection by Colonel 
 Birch, of Birch Hall, who forcibly entered the chapter house of the Collegiate 
 Church, which the warden had barricaded, broke open the chest, and destroyed 
 many writings. Parliament granted to the warden £100 a year, and £80 per) 
 annum to each of the fellows out of the public treasury. The soldiery 
 destroyed many deeds, and an effigy of Bishop Oldham, in the Free Grammar 
 School. The Independents, says Hollinworth, "set up a meeting in the 
 College." November 5. 
 
 The College was taken from the Earl of Derby, and turned into a prison, 
 along with the chapel on the Old Bridge. 
 
 A Solemn Exhortation made and published to the several Churches of 
 Christ, within the Province of Lancaster, 4to, published by Thomas Smith, of 
 Manchester. 
 
 1650. 
 
 The birthday of Charles II. celebrated by the Lancashire Presbyterian 
 ministers, who refused to observe the fast ordered by Parliament. (Halley's 
 Lancashire, p. 279.) 
 
 " The ministers and others in the towne and parish being assembled to 
 fast and pray, for preuenting of a new warre : the towne and country being 
 generally non-engagers were disarmed by the gouernor of Liuerpoole." 
 
 In a description of Manchester and Salford, annexed to apian of the towns, 
 as they appeared in this year, it is stated — " The people in and about tne town 
 are said to be in general the most industrious in their callings of any in the 
 northern parts of the kingdom. The town is a mile in length, the streets open 
 and clean kept, and the buildings good. The trade is not inferior to that of 
 many cities in the kingdom, chiefly consisting in woollen friezes, fustians, 
 sackcloths, mingled stuffs, caps, inkles, tapes, points, &c, whereby not only 
 the better sort of men are employed, but also the very children by their own 
 labour can maintain themselves; there are besides all kinds of foreign mer- 
 chandize brought and returned by the merchants of the town, amounting to 
 the sum of many thousands of pounds weekly." In this account it is asserted 
 the parish contained 27,000 communicants. 
 
 " In Blakeley, neere Manchester, in one John Pendleton's ground, as one 
 was reaping, the come being cut, seemed to bleede ; drops fell out of it like to 
 bloud : multitudes of people went to see it, and the strawes thereof, though of 
 a kindly colour without, were within reddish, and as it were, bloudy." 
 
 1651. 
 
 James, Earl of Derby, beheaded at Bolton, October 15. When besieging 
 Manchester he succeeded to the titles and estates on the death of his father,
 
 60 Annals of Manchester. ri652-i653 
 
 
 September 20, 1642. The character of the "Great Stanley" has been variously 
 interpreted, but his warmest eulogist can hardly clear him from the bloody 
 stains of the Bolton massacre. For details of his life the reader should consult 
 The Stanley Papers (Chetham Society), and Cumming's Great Stanley. 
 
 Charles II. on his route from the north is sometimes said to have passed 
 through Manchester, but Hollinworth, whose memorandum has probably 
 caused the mistake, merely says that he passed through the county. 
 
 After the battle of Worcester, when Charles II. was defeated by Cromwell, 
 Heyrick, the warden of Manchester, the Rev. Mr. Herle, Rev. Richard Johnson, 
 Rev. John Angier, Rev. Richard Hollinworth, Rev. Mr. Harrison, with 
 Messrs. Gee, Lathom, Taylor, and Meek, ministers and elders of Presbyterians 
 in Manchester, and who had taken an active part in the plots against the 
 Commonwealth, were seized and conveyed to London, where they were im 
 prisoned. Heyrick with difficulty escaped a capital punishment; and the 
 whole, after many weeks of suspense, were allowed, on paying serious fines, to 
 return to their respective homes. 
 
 When the proclamation of the Parliament against Charles Stuart, King of 
 Scots, was being read it was torn in pieces by Captain Bexwicke. (Hollin- 
 worth's Mancuniensis.) 
 
 1652. 
 The town was dismantled of its fortifications. (Hollinworth.) 
 
 1653. 
 The Council of State ordered, 29th June, on a petition from the inhabitants, 
 that the gathering of the tithes should be forborne till further order. 
 
 Humphrey Chetham, founder of the hospital and library which bears his 
 name, died October 12, in his 74th year, and was buried in the Chetham chapel 
 of the Collegiate Church. He was born at Crumpsall, and baptised at the 
 Collegiate Church, July 10, 1580, and is said to have received his education at 
 the Free Grammar School. His wealth was chiefly derived by supplying the 
 London markets with fustians. He thus acquired opulence ; whilst his strict 
 integrity, his piety, and works of charity secured him the respect and esteem 
 of those around him. " He was," says Fuller, " a diligent reader of the Scrip- 
 tures, and of the works of sound divines ; a respector of such ministers as he 
 accounted truly godly, upright, sober, discreet, and sincere. He was High 
 Sheriff of the County of Lancaster, anno 1635, discharging that office with great 
 honour, insomuch that every good gentleman of birth and estate did wear his 
 cloth at the assize, to testify their unfeigned affection for him." But some of 
 them complained of his assumption of a coat of arms which brought him into 
 trouble with the Heralds' College. During his life he had "taken up and 
 maintained fourteen boys of the town of Manchester, six of the town oi 
 Salford, and two of the town of Droylsden, in all twenty-two." By his will, 
 bearing date December 16, 1651, he directed that the number of boys should be 
 increased to forty ; bequeathing the sum of £7,000 for the purchase of an estate, 
 the profits of which were to be applied to the support of this establishment. 
 The operations of this benevolent institution have been since greatly extended 
 by judicious management, and due attention to the views of the founder. In 
 1845 the number of boys was augmented to one hundred, namely, Manchester
 
 1654] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 61 
 
 35, Salford 15, Droylsden 8, CrumpsallS, Bolton 25, Turton 12. The " Hospital" 
 is under the direction of twenty-four feoffees, and a resident governor. 
 
 He also bequeathed £1,000 for the purchase of books, and £100 for a building 
 as the foundation of a public library, for the augmentation of which he devised 
 the residue of his personal estate. The property left by Chetham, for the 
 use and augmentation of the library, and for the board, &c, of the librarian, 
 amounts to about £700 per annum. Donations have been made from time to 
 time (the first of which was in 1694, by the Rev. John Prestwich, Fellow of All 
 Souls College, Oxford, of books to the amount of £50), so that the collection 
 now amounts to upwards of 30,000 volumes. Any person who chooses, whether 
 resident or not, on going to the Chetham library, is at liberty to read in a room 
 provided for that purpose. 
 
 Chetham further left two hundred pounds "to purchase godly English 
 books to be chained upon desks in the churches of Manchester, Bolton, Turton, 
 Gorton, and Walmersley." His principal residences were at Clayton Hall, near 
 Manchester, and Turton Tower, near Bolton. 
 
 William Crabtree, the astronomer, is believed to have died in 1652 or 1G53. 
 (See under date 1639.) 
 
 1654. 
 
 Sir Alexander Radcliffe, of Ordsal, K.B., was buried in the Collegiate 
 Church 14th April. He was made a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of 
 Charles I., when only 17. He was a staunch cavalier, and in 1642 was im- 
 prisoned in the Tower for assisting the Earl of Derby in the siege of Man- 
 chester. He was 46 years old at the time of his death. His son Robert was 
 slain on Bowdon Downs in a duel, which he had forsed upon Sir Samuel Daniel. 
 
 Charles Worsley, of Piatt, returned as first representative of Manchester 
 to the House of Commons. Cromwell had thus the credit of recognising the 
 growing importance of a town which already far exceeded in wealth and 
 populousness many of the places represented in parliament. 19th July. 
 
 William Malone, Rector of Seville, died. "Anno 1592, was borne ir- 
 Manchester, William, the son of Simon Malloone, a young man of preg 
 nant witt; hee was tempted by some Irish merchants (with whom the 
 towne then and long after till the Rebellion broke out, anno 1649, did 
 driue a greate and gainefull trade) to goe beyond sea, seduced from 
 the reformed to the Romish religion, of which hee became one of the most 
 earnest and able assertors ; hee made the reply to Archbishop Vssher's answer 
 to the Jesuites' challenge, but hee was ouermatched, his adversarie being more 
 eminently learned, and having evidence of truth on his syde. Malloune caused 
 his reply to bee dispersed in Manchester ; lice afterward went to Rome, and 
 was Master of the Irish Colledge there. Dr. Hoyle rejoined to his reply.' 
 (Hollinworth's Mancuniensis.) 
 
 The feoffees of Humphrey Chetham's charity purchase the " College," now 
 known as "Chetham's Hospital." The building, which succeeded to the 
 Baron's Hall, was occupied by the clergy of the Collegiate Church till 1017, 
 when it fell into the hands of the Earl of Derby, but was again taken from his 
 family during the Commonwealth. In 1656 the boys were first Lodged there, 
 but the purchase was not completed till after the Restoration, from the cele- 
 brated Charlotte de la Tremouille.
 
 62 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1656-1657 
 
 Samuel Bolton, D.D., died. He was born at Manchester in 1606 and) 
 educated at Cambridge. He was a man of note amongst the Puritans, and 
 wrote A Guard of the Tree of Life, 1647, and other works. 
 
 1656. 
 
 Charles Worsley, of Piatt, died 12th June, aged 35. He was the son of 
 Ralph Worsley, and was born at Piatt in 1622, and in 1644 became a captain in the 
 Parliamentary army. After the execution of Charles I. he was promoted to the 
 rank of lieut. -colonel. In 1650 he went with his regiment into Scotland to help 
 Cromwell, but arrived too late to be of service. In 1652 he was appointed to 
 the command of Cromwell's own regiment of foot, and in October of that year 
 he proceeded to London. On the 20th April, 1653, Cromwell forcibly dissolved 
 the Rump Parliament, when Worsley, with some soldiers, cleared the House 
 and took the mace away, and caused the House to be locked up. He kept the 
 mace in his possession, and on the 8th July, 1653, the Barebone's Parliament 
 ordered the Sergeant-at-Arms to repair to Lieutenant-Colonel Worsley for the 
 mace, and bring it to the House. In September, 1654, when a parliamentary 
 representative was first given to Manchester, he was elected, and thus became 
 the first member for Manchester. The parliament was dismissed in January, 
 1655. In October, 1655, he was appointed Major-General, with powers equal to 
 those of a viceroy, of a district consisting of Lancashire, Cheshire, and Stafford- 
 shire. He was summoned to a conference with Cromwell in May, 1656, but 
 died soon after his arrival at St. James's Palace, where apartments had been 
 assigned to his family. He was buried in Henry VII.'s Chapel, in Westminster 
 Abbey, 13th June, and his remains escaped the outrages inflicted on the other 
 republican leaders. (Espinasse's Lancashire Worthies ; Booker's Birch 
 Chapels, vol. i.) 
 
 Richard Ratcliffe, of the Lodge, in Pool Fold, returned a member of 
 Parliament for Manchester, August 12. 
 
 " September 11, 1656. Mr. Richard Heyrick was prisoner in London ; and 
 Mr. Herle, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Angier, Mr. Hollinworth, Mr. Harrison, Mr. Gee, 
 Mr. Latham, Mr. Taylor, Mr. Meeke." 
 
 Richard Hollinworth, fellow of the Collegiate Church, and author of 
 Mancuniensis, died November 11, when a fast and prayer was offered for 
 guidance as to his successor, who was the Rev. Henry Newcome. Hollin- 
 worth was born in Manchester in 1607. (See Manchester Foundations, vol. i.) 
 
 1657. 
 
 The Censures of the Church Revived published. It is signed " John Har- 
 rison, Moderator," and dated Manchester, January 11, 1658. It is a defence of the 
 Presbyterian Classis and its jurisdiction in the controversy with Rev. Isaac 
 Allen, minister of Prestwich, who strenuously objected to the eldership and 
 retained as much as he could of the forms of the Episcopal Church. (Halley's 
 Lancashire, p. 303 ; Baker's Memorials, p. 136.) 
 
 George Fox again visited Manchester, and as the sessions were being held, 
 many country people were in the town. Fox was assailed in the meeting with 
 clods and stones, and finally he was taken into custody by the peace officers 
 and brought before the magistrates, whom he rebuked, and was allowed to
 
 1658-1659] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 63 
 
 depart on the following day. " The Lord hath since raised up a people in the 
 town to stand for His Name and truth over those shabby professors." (Fox's 
 Journal.) 
 
 Sir Edward Mosley, lord of the manor, died. He was born in 1615, and was 
 an ardent Royalist, and in 1640 received a baronetcy from Charles I. In 1642 
 he was High Sheriff of Staffordshire. During the siege of Manchester his 
 house (Alport Lodge) was burned down. He is said to have spent £20,000 in 
 the Cavalier cause. He was one of the Royalist prisoners captured at Middle- 
 wich by Brereton. His estate was sequestered, a fine of a tenth, amounting 
 to £4,874, was levied. He was tried upon a capital charge brought against him 
 by a woman, but was acquitted. He was succeeded by his son Sir Edward. 
 (Mosley's Family Memoirs.) 
 
 1658. 
 
 Rev. Robert Meeke died 17th January. He was a native of Skipsey, near 
 Bridlington, and in 1650 became the minister of the Salford Chapel (Sacred 
 Trinity), built and endowed by Humphrey Booth. He was an active member 
 of the Presbyterian Classis, and was one of the ministers sent prisoner to 
 Liverpool by the Independents. Newcome speaks in high terms of his " dear 
 friend and brother," the " sincere Meeke." He wrote The Faithfull Scout, 1645. 
 
 1659. 
 
 The Presbyterians and Independents of Manchester united, and a docu- 
 ment showing the terms of agreement was drawn up and signed July 13. This 
 " accommodation" was the result of the dissatisfaction with the Rump Parlir- 
 ment, the imprisonment of some members of the Classis, and the sale of the 
 College and its land to Mr. Wigan, who had turned Baptist and preached in 
 its barn. 
 
 The futile " Cheshire Rising," under Sir George Booth, of Dunham, caused 
 great excitement. His tenantry and those of other sympathisers had been 
 openly drilled. On July 31, after Henry Newcome had preached, Stockport 
 announced that "the Quakers had risen," and that the trained bands were to 
 meet at Warrington on the Tuesday following. Five hundred men left Man- 
 chester, where Sir George raised the cry for a free Parliament. August 5 was 
 observed as a day of humiliation in Manchester, as they were afraid of 
 Lilburne marching on the town, but the imprisonment of "a bloody 
 Anabaptist" prevented him from knowing that the trained bands were absent. 
 The Royalist rising was entirely unsuccessful, and the final defeat at Winning- 
 ton Bridge, 19th August, was fatal. Fugitives arrived on the next day, and 
 command of the town was taken by Colonel Birch and Colonel Lilburne, who 
 was offended by Heyrick's sermon on the Sunday, and ordered Henry Rooth, 
 the Independent minister, to officiate in the latter part of the day. Although 
 the Cheshire Rising failed it showed the insecurity and unpopularity of tho 
 Government with Presbyterians and Independents as well as Episcopalians. 
 (Fuller details of the Cheshire Rising will be found in Baines's Lancashire ; 
 Halley's Lancashire; Hibbert- Ware's Foundations; Martindalc's Autobio- 
 graphy; and Newcome's Diary.)
 
 64 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1660-1663 
 
 1660. 
 
 The Presbyterians were greatly elated at the prospect of the Restoration. 
 On May 6 Newcome prayed for the King " by periphrasis," but a meeting of the 
 congregation resolved that Charles II. should be proclaimed, and May 12 New- 
 come prayed for him without any periphrasis. 
 
 The town lost its right of returning members of Parliament by the 
 Restoration ; it was re-enfranchised in 1832. 
 
 The Lancashire " Presbyterical Classis " was dissolved on the restoration 
 of Episcopacy. Its final meeting was held August 14, after an existence of 
 fourteen years. 
 
 Richard Radcliffe died October 9. He was elected M.P. for Manchester in 
 Cromwell's Parliament of 165G. 
 
 1661. 
 
 The coronation of Charles II. celebrated by processions, dinners, &c, April 
 23. The conduit ran claret instead of water. Warden Heyrick preached on 
 the divine right of kings to govern. "God save the king" was his text, and 
 the sermon was printed. A full account of these festivities is given in an 
 account written by Mr. William Heawood, who was steward of the manor, 
 which was printed in 1841. 
 
 1662. 
 
 The "Act of Uniformity" passed, August 2. By this act two thousand 
 ministers were deprived of their livings in the church. About seventy clergy- 
 men were ejected in this county. Warden Heyrick refused to submit, and also 
 resisted every attempt to remove him from the Collegiate Church, which he con- 
 sidered as a life-estate given to him in lieu of a debt owing to his family by the 
 crown. Charles II. appointed Dr. Woolley to the wardenship ; but the nomi- 
 nation was subsequently revoked at the request of Heyrick's friend at court, 
 the Earl of Manchester. Henry Newcome and Christopher Richardson, fellows 
 of the Collegiate Church, retired, and began to preach privately to congrega- 
 tions in the town. In this neighbourhood the other sufferers were R. Holbrook, 
 Salford ; R. Birch, Birch Chapel ; T. Holland, Blackley ; E. Jones, vicar of 
 Eccles ; W. Leigh, Gorton Chapel ; P. Aspinall, Heaton ; G. Thompson, Hey- 
 wood ; and J. Walker, Newton Heath. 
 
 Manchester, on account of its Nonconformist population, was the resort of 
 many of the ejected ministers, as is shown by Newcome's Diary. 
 
 1663. 
 
 Some persons in authority in Manchester are said to have tried to hatch a 
 pretended conspiracy in order to get into their power the persons and estates of 
 the Independents, Presbyterians, Anabaptists, and Fifth-Monarchy men in 
 Lancashire and Cheshire. The information on this subject is contained in a 
 very rare tract, Eye-Salve for England ; or, the Grand Trap-pan detected. By 
 Evan Price (London, 1667). In this narrative Price states that Nicholas Mosley, 
 a magistrate, came to him 22nd February and offered him £1,000, or a tenth of 
 the forfeited estates, to swear evidence against those implicated in a conspiracy 
 against the Government. Price refused, and was arrested and committed to
 
 1664-16671 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 65 
 
 Lancaster Assizes, where the judges also tried to induce him to turn King's 
 evidence. He was said to have been the secret messenger of the conspirators. 
 The High Sheriff, he says, renewed Mosley's offer. One of the leaders of the 
 alleged plot was Lord Delamere, but Mosley having acknowledged in an 
 unguarded moment that the name of that nobleman had been first named to 
 Price by the judges, Lord Delamere began an action against Mosley, which 
 was stopped by a letter from London ordering the justices to apologise. Lord 
 Delamere insisted upon the release of Price, who was accordingly set at liberty 
 at the Lent Assizes of 1664. In August, 1665, he was again arrested, but after 
 a short imprisonment released. (Earwaker's Local Gleanings, vol. iii., 
 pp. 361, 421.) 
 
 . 1664. 
 
 Sir William Dugdale, Norroy King at Arms, visited Lancashire to hold a 
 visitation. He was at Manchester 8th, 9th, and 10th September. The court 
 appears to have been held at the King's Head, Salford. 
 
 A book, entitled A Guide to Heaven from the Word, said to have been 
 "printed at Smithy Door." The title is given in one of Ford's catalogues, 
 but the book is unknown. (Earwaker's Local Gleanings, No. 115.) 
 
 1665. 
 
 Sir William Dugdale again visited Lancashire to complete his visitation. 
 He was at Manchester 10th and 11th March. The court was again held at the 
 King's Head, Salford. The Visitation has been edited by Rev. F. R. Raines 
 for the Chetham Society. 
 
 The feoffees of Chetham's Hospital made a body corporate under a Charter 
 granted by Charles II., November 10. 
 
 1666. 
 
 Sir Edward Mosley, second baronet, lord of the manor, died at the age of 
 27. In 1661 he was returned M.P. for the borough of St. Michael, Cornwall. 
 There was a lawsuit about his will, but in the end the Rolleston estates came 
 into the possession of the Mosleys of Ancoats. 
 
 The particulars of his rental of his Lancashire estates are thus given : 
 Manor of Heaton Norris, £149 ?s. ; Manor of Withington and its members, 
 £402 Is. ; Berry Lands, £10 ; old chief rents of Withington, £1 6s. ll^d. ; tithes 
 of Withington, £211 2s. 3d. ; Alport Lodge ground, £44 17s. ; Alport fields, 
 £53 13s. ; Manor of Manchester, £212. Within Didsbury : Hough or Old Hall 
 demesne, £300; Hough's End, £140; tithes of .Hough .demesne, £10. Total, 
 £1,534 8s. 2td. 
 
 1667. 
 
 John Booker died in April of dysentery, and was buried in the Church of St. 
 James, Duke's Place, London. He was born in Manchester, April 23, 1601, and 
 apprenticed to a mercer in London ; but.turned his attention to astronomy and 
 astrology, in which he became so efficient as to be appointed licenser of all such 
 books as related to mathematics or the celestial sciences. It is said by Lilly 
 that " he had a curious fancy in judging of thefts, and was quite as successful 
 in resolving love questions." He wrote The Bloody Irish Almanac, 1643 ; The 
 E
 
 66 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1669-1672 
 
 Butch Fortune-teller brought to England, 1667, and various other almanacs. 
 
 The Rev. Oliver Heywood notes in his Diary that he stayed at Mr. 
 Hulton's, at Manchester. " They have a foolish custom after twelve o'clock to 
 rise and ramble abroad, make garlands, strew flowers, &c, which they call 
 Bringing in May. I could sleep little that night by reason of the tumult ; the 
 day after being May the 1st, I went to Denton." 
 
 Nicholas Stratford, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, at the age of 34, 
 appointed warden. In conjunction with the fellows, he framed a new statute 
 for the college, which permitted the two chaplains to be absent forty days in 
 the year ; the four singing men, twenty days each ; and the four singing boys, 
 twelve days each. May 6. 
 
 Richard Heyrick, B.D., Warden of the Collegiate Church, died August 6, 
 aged 67 years, and was buried near to the altar of the Collegiate Church, over 
 which he had presided during the greater part of the most turbulent periods of 
 English history. He was descended from the ancient family of the Herricks, 
 at Beaumanor, in Leicestershire, and educated at Oxford. He was appointed 
 Warden of Manchester in 1636, obtained for him in reversion by his father, in 
 lieu of a debt owing to his family by the Crown. He was a Presbyterian, and 
 continued to hold his post during the Commonwealth, but was greatly in 
 favour of the Restoration, which proved so disastrous to his party. The King 
 granted the wardenship to Dr. John Woolley, but Heyrick's resistance was so 
 effectual that no attempt was made at dispossession, and he remained warden 
 until his death. He wrote Queen Esther's Resolve, 1646, and other sermons. 
 Fuller details of his career are given in Hibbert- Ware's Foundations and 
 Halley's Lancashire. 
 
 1669. 
 
 A gallery built in Manchester Church for the use of the boys of Chetham's 
 Hospital. There is an engraving and map of the gallery in the Foundations 
 of Manchester, vol. i., pt. ii., pp. 248, 342, and the bishop's licence for its erection 
 is printed in the Palatine Note-book, vol. iv., p. 33. 
 
 1671. 
 
 John Worthington, D.D., died at Hackney 26th November. He was born 
 at Manchester 8th February, 1617, and educated at the Grammar School and at 
 Emanuel College, Cambridge, of which he was Fellow ; was created B.D. in 
 1646 and D.D. in 1655. He was chosen Master of Jesus College in 1657, but 
 resigned the appointment, and elected Vice-Chancellor of the University, which 
 he held until 1660. He held several livings in succession, and was curate of 
 St. Benet Fink during the plague of London. He wrote A Form of Sound 
 Words, 1673 ; Great Duty of Self-Resignation, 1691, and other works. He had 
 an extensive correspondence with Samuel Hartleb and other scholars at home 
 and abroad. His Diary and Correspondence, published by the Chetham 
 Society, a valuable contribution to the history of literature and learning. 
 
 1672. 
 
 On the King's declaration of indulgence fifteen licences were taken out for 
 meetings of Protestant Dissenters. The indulgence was cancelled by Parlia- 
 ment 7th March. (Earwaker's Local Gleanings, vol. iii., p. 441.)
 
 1673-1675] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 67 
 
 Nicholas Mosley died in October, aged 61. He was the eldest son of Oswald 
 Mosley, of Ancoats (see under date 1630). He was a Royalist, and paid a fine 
 " for delinquency." He wrote a Treatise of the Passions and Faculties of the 
 Soul of Man, 1653. Although a strict Episcopalian, he was on friendly terms 
 with Newcome, Martindale, and other ejected ministers. (Mosley, Family 
 Memoirs ; Axon's Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 
 1673. 
 
 An act was passed for confirming the sale of the manor of Hulme, and 
 certain lands in the parish of Manchester, to Sir Edward Mosley, by the Prest- 
 wiche family. 
 
 1674. 
 
 A petition, signed by 341 persons, was presented to Lord Derby for the 
 removal of John Hartley, of Strangeways, from the commission of the 
 peace. The document is printed in the Palatine Note-booh, vol. iii., p. 37, and 
 vol iv., p. 87, with various biographical particulars. The complaints against 
 him are for wrongful assessments, withholding 40s. per annum left by his 
 father for the repair of the conduit, &c. There had been a previous quarrel 
 between Hartley and John Alexander, one of the constables, who had been 
 his tenant. 
 
 1675. 
 
 The Rev. John Prestwich, B.I>., died 30th July. He was born about 1607, 
 and was third son of Edmund Prestwich, of Hulme, and younger brother of Sir 
 Thomas Prestwich, Bart. He was educated at Oxford, where he entered Braze- 
 nose College in 1622-3 as a commoner, migrating to All Souls' College where 
 he took his master's degree, and in 1631 became a Fellow. He proceeded as B.D. 
 and became Senior Fellow early in 1641-2. Some time before April, 1653, there 
 was an effort made in Manchester to form a public library for the use of the 
 town, the suggestion being most probably due to Prestwich, who promised to 
 give his own collection to the town, on conditions that a convenient room 
 was found to keep it in. The Jesus Chantry was given up by Mr. Henry 
 Pendleton for the reception of the books, and a rate was levied in 1656 for fitting 
 it up. The books have all long since disappeared. (Palatine Note-book, 
 vol. ii., p. 181.) 
 
 Rev. Joshua Stopford died 3rd November. He was born in Lancashire about 
 the year 1636. He entered Brazenose College, Oxford, at Michaelmas, 1654, 
 being then aged 18; and he matriculated from that college 25th July, 1655, as 
 pleb.fil. He took the degree of B.A. 23rd February, 1657-8. He came into 
 notice in Manchester on 22nd July, 1658, in connection with the Morning 
 Lectureship at the Old Church, which was held at 6 o'clock a.m. Henry New- 
 come formed an unfavourable opinion of him, and described him as "a young 
 confident man, just come from the University." During some part of the 
 following year Stopford was resident in Magdalen College, Oxford, but on the 
 31st July he was again in Manchester, when he preached in favour of the 
 "Cheshire Rising," under Sir George Booth, and though ho escaped from any 
 ill consequences on its failure, it gave him a claim to preferment at the Restora- 
 tion, and he became prebendary of Dunnington and rector of All Saints', York.
 
 68 Annals of Manchester. [1677-167S 
 
 He was the author of The Ways and Methods of Rome's Advancement, 1671, 
 and Pagano Papismus, 1675. (Palatine Note-book, vol. i., p. 157, and p. 219.) 
 Stopford, on one occasion having preached strongly against cock-fighting, was 
 bound over by the justices to keep the peace. 
 
 Richard Johnson, M.A., Fellow of the College, and first librarian of 
 Chetham's Library, died about 1675. He was born at "Welch Whittle, and was 
 sometime Senior fellow of King's College, Cambridge. He had a controversy 
 with Rev. William Bourne on the nature of sin, and was regarded as a 
 Romanizer by the extreme Puritans. During the Civil War he was imprisoned 
 and led through the streets in mock triumph on a " sorry nag." He was deprived 
 of his Fellowship,, but returned at the Restoration. Chetham in his will left 
 £60 to his loving friend Richard Johnson, preacher at the Temple, and he was 
 named as a feoffee in the charter of 1675. (See note in Worthington's 
 Diary, ii., 238.) 
 
 1677. 
 
 John Angier died 1st September. He was born at Dedham, Essex, 8th 
 October, 1605, and had a boyish ambition to be a preacher. At Emanuel College 
 " he fell off to vain company," but under the care of John Rogers and John 
 Cotton became a Puritan. He married Ellen Winstanley, of Wigan, and a visit 
 to her Lancashire relations induced him to break off an intended emigration to 
 New England, and to settle at Ringley Chapel. He was ordained without sub- 
 scription, and remained a Nonconformist. After the death of his first wife he 
 married Margaret Mosley, of Ancoats. He was Presbyterian minister of 
 Denton, but on refusing allegiance to the Commonwealth was carried prisoner 
 to Liverpool. The universal respect in which the old man was held saved him 
 from any great persecution after the Restoration. His house at Manchester 
 was licensed as a dissenting preaching place in 1672. He is buried at Denton. 
 He wrote An Helpefor Better Times, 1647, and was the author of the anony- 
 mous Lancashire's Valley of Achor, 1643— an important historical tract. 
 (Dictionary of National Biography, vol. i.) 
 
 1678. 
 
 Nathaniel Paget, M.D., died in January. He was the son of Rev. Thomas 
 Paget, incumbent of Blackley and rector of Stockport, in Cheshire, but was 
 born in Manchester. He was M.A. Edinburgh, but proceeded M.D. at Leyden 
 3rd August, 1639, and was incorporated at Cambridge on his Leyden degree 3rd 
 June, 1642 ; and then settled in London. He was dead on the 21st January, 
 1678-9. (Munk's Boll of the Boyal College of Physicians, vol. i., p. 224.) 
 
 Ralph Brideoake, D.D., Bishop of Chichester, died. He was born at Cheet- 
 ham Hill in 1614. He was educated at the Grammar School and at Brazenose 
 College, and in 1636 was created M.A. His only writings are some Latin com- 
 mendatory verses (Wood's Athenaz Oxon, vol. iv., p. 859), but some literary 
 help given to Dr. Jackson, President of Corpus Christi College, procured him the 
 Mastership of the Manchester Grammar School. He was chaplain at Lathom 
 House during the siege, and his earnestness in trying to save the life of his 
 master, the Earl of Derby, brought him the favour of Lenthall, the Speaker, 
 who made him chaplain. On the Restoration he became Rector of Standish,
 
 1679-1684] Annals of Manchester. 69 
 
 and by the influence of the King's mistress, the Duchess of Portsmouth, he 
 was appointed Bishop of Chichester in 1675, where he died, and is buried in 
 St. George's Chapel. His devotion to the Stanleys in their evil fortunes is 
 creditable to him, but otherwise he was a pliant and self-seeking courtier. 
 
 1679. 
 
 Several pamphlets published about Charles Bennet, a child three years old, 
 who, it is asserted, " did speak Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, though never taught 
 these languages, and at his own earnest request was taken from Manchester to 
 be introduced to the King." Nothing more is known of this infant Mezzofanti. 
 
 Sarah, Duchess of Somerset, appoints by her will sixteen scholarships in 
 Brazenose College, Oxford, and the same number in St. John's College, Cam- 
 bridge, and directed that the scholarships should be elected by turns for ever 
 out of Manchester School and the free schools of Hereford and Marlborough. 
 She was the second daughter of Sir Edward Alston, Kt. She married, 
 firstly, George Grimston, eldest son of Sir Harbottle Grimston, of Bradfield, 
 Essex, Bart. He died in 1655, before his father, and his widow was married 
 to John Seymour, fourth Duke of Somerset, who died 1675. The Duchess 
 of Somerset then married Henry Hare, Lord Coleraine, by whom she 
 was survived. She had no issue, and was buried in Westminster Abbey 
 November 2, 1692. She left her property principally in charities. The residue 
 went to her eldest sister's grandson, the Hon. Langham Booth, son of the Earl 
 of Warrington. (See Hibbert- Ware's Foundations, vol. iii.) Le Neve says 
 that she lived apart from Lord Coleraine severall years, being of a covetous 
 humour, and left nothing to the Lord Coleraine. 
 
 1680. 
 
 Alms-houses, Millar's Lane, were erected at the cost of £309 10s. 2d. 
 
 Rev. Edward Richardson, B. A., died. He was a son of Thomas Richardson, 
 of Grindlow, and in 1658, at the age of 24, he was ordained minister of Stretford 
 by the Manchester Classis. He was also a chaplain of the Collegiate Church, 
 and in 1660 preached the morning (six o'clock) sermon. He was ejected in 1663, 
 and became a Presbyterian teacher at Little Hilton. (Bailey's Old Stretford, 
 pp. 39, 40.) 
 
 1682. 
 
 Ralph Thoresby visited Manchester in company with Rev. James Illing- 
 worth, B.D., President of Emanuel College, Cambridge, June. (Thoresby's 
 Diary, vol. i., p. 119.) See under date 1684. 
 
 1684. 
 
 Richard Wroe, Fellow of the College/appointed Warden, May 1, being the 
 first Fellow so promoted. 
 
 Rev. John Tilsley, M.A., died December 12. He was born in 1614 and 
 educated at Edinburgh University. His first professional employment was at 
 Deane Church, as curate to the Rev. Alexander Horrocks. On January 4, 
 1642-3, he married Margaret, daughter of Ralph Chetham, brother of Humphrey 
 the benefactor. Tilsley was with Sir John Seaton when he captured Preston, 
 in Amounderness, and he wrote in a letter, which was published, an account
 
 70 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1685-1687 
 
 of the capture, included in the Civil War Tracts. On the 10th August, 1643, 
 he was appointed Vicar of Deane. On December 13, 1644, he was one of twenty- 
 one ministers for ordaining ministers in the county of Lancaster. Tilsley took 
 the Covenant and became a Presbyterian. In 1646 he published A True Copie 
 of the Petition of Twelve Thousand Five Hundred and upwards of the Well- 
 affected Gentlemen, Ministers, Freeholders, and others of the County Pala- 
 tine of Lancaster. He was ejected from his benefice for refusing " The 
 Engagement" of 1650, but was soon restored. By the will of Humphrey 
 Chetham Tilsley was made one of the feoffees of his proposed hospital, and was 
 also nominated one of the persons to purchase godly English books. By the 
 Act of Uniformity he was ejected from his benefice, but he preached in various 
 towns occasionally till his death. {Memoir of the Rev. John Tilsley, by J. E. 
 Bailey, Leigh, 1884, not published.) 
 
 Ralph Thoresby again visited the town, where his sister Abigail was at 
 Madame Frankland's boarding school. {Diary, vol. ii., p. 176.) Her husband's 
 academy was for the education of Nonconformist ministers. 
 
 Rev. Jeremiah Marsden, alias Balphson, died in Newgate. He was the 
 second son of Ralph Marsden, and was born in 1626, and was sent to Man- 
 chester Grammar School ; but there he had a too rigid master, and the Civil 
 "War commencing, we are told that he improved but little. About 1647 he 
 became a pensioner at Christ's College, Cambridge. On his father's death at 
 Neeston, June 30, 1648, Marsden turned schoolmaster for a living, and in 1654 
 became a preacher. In 1658 he received a call to Kendal, where he stayed nine 
 months, and then went to Hull, and afterwards to Ardsley, near Wakefield. 
 He was ejected from thence in 1662. After many removes he was invited to 
 Lothbury, and was there seized for preaching and confined in Newgate. He 
 was known in and about London by the name of Ralphson, and under that 
 name was written against by Richard Baxter in 1684, who did not go to the 
 length of his rigorous separatist principles, which regarded the parochial wor- 
 ship of the Church of England as idolatrous. He wrote an autobiography, 
 which remains unprinted. (Calamy's Ejected Ministers, vol. ii., p. 796, and 
 cont. pp. 2, 942.) 
 
 Nicholas Stratford, D.D., Warden of the College, resigned and became 
 preacher of Aldermanbury, London. 
 
 An organ was built by the celebrated Father Smyth in the choir of the 
 Collegiate Church. 
 
 1685. 
 
 Rev. Jeremiah (or Jeremia) Scholes died 27th April, 1685. He was baptised 
 14th June, 1629, and educated at Emanuel College, Cambridge, where he 
 graduated M.A. He was appointed curate of Stretford, 1655, and in 1659 was 
 vicar of Norton, in Derbyshire, but was ejected in 1662. He returned to Man- 
 chester, where he died, and was buried in the graveyard of the Collegiate 
 Church. There are many references to him in Henry Newcome's Diary. 
 There is a notice of him in the Palatine Note-book, vol. iv., p. 30. 
 
 The porch of the Collegiate Church built at the parish charge. 
 
 1687. 
 
 The Dissenters began to hold their meetings "in the public time," that is,
 
 1688-1690] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 71 
 
 at the ordinary hours of divine service on the Sunday. July 31. (Baker's 
 Memorials, p. 12.) 
 
 1688. 
 
 The revolution in favour of William, Prince of Orange, excited no popular 
 demonstrations in Manchester, as it did in most other parts of the kingdom ; 
 nor did King William visit it on his route to Ireland, when he sailed from 
 Liverpool. 
 
 Proposals were issued for publishing a work entitled Briganta Lancets- 
 teriensis Restaurata, by Richard Kuerden, M.D., a laborious topographer and 
 antiquary, who descended from an ancient family at Kuerdon, near Preston. 
 The publication was never accomplished ; and the manuscript, written in an 
 obscure hand, in five volumes folio, is still in Chetham's Library. The more 
 important portions have been transcribed by Palmer and utilised by later 
 historians. 
 
 In the reign of William and Mary, the taxable property in Manchester was 
 rated at £4,375 ; and the first assessment for the land-tax, at 4s. in the pound, 
 produced £875. 
 
 1689. 
 
 John Birtenhead, "a great student,"|buried;in thefCollegiate Church yard, 
 23rd February, 1688-9. 
 
 1690. 
 
 "About the year 1690, the manufacturers and traders having accumulated 
 capital, began to build modern brick houses in place of those of wood and 
 plaster, which had prevailed so generally since the former era of improve- 
 ment, in the reign of Elizabeth. The manufacturers, even those in an extensive 
 line of business, who took apprentices from amongst the sons;of the respectable 
 families in the neighbourhood, used to be in their warehouses before six o'clock 
 in the morning, accompanied by their children of sufficient age, and by their 
 apprentices. At seven they returned to breakfast, which consisted of one 
 large dish of water-porridge poured into a bowl, at the side of which stood an 
 equally capacious bason of milk, and the master and apprentices, each 
 with a wooden spoon in his hand, without loss of time, and without ceremony, 
 dipped into the bowl, and then into the milk-bason ; and as soon as the mess 
 was finished they all returned to their work. Though our ancestors were 
 watchful over the expenditure of the living, there was a great deal of cost in 
 the interment of the dead. In Warden Wroe's time, these funeral expenses 
 were carried to a great extent ; but the warden, by the exercise of his influence, 
 prevailed upon the inhabitants to apply the money usually spent in this way 
 for the relief of the poor, and in some years there was a sum accumulated to 
 the amount of nearly £800." 
 
 This year is memorable in the annals of the Free Grammar School for a 
 juvenile rebellion which broke out upon some cause of discontent, and lasted 
 for a fortnight ; during which time the young insurgents, who had taken 
 possession of the school, to the exclusion of the masters, were supplied by 
 some of the inhabitants with beds and victuals, as well as with firearms and 
 ammunition, but in the end were compelled to surrender.
 
 72 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1692-1695 
 
 1692. 
 
 James Chetham died. He was born in Manchester, 1640; and was the 
 author of The Angler's Vade Mecum, 1681. 
 
 In Dunton's Athenian Mercury, No. 29, vol. vi., a question is asked as to 
 the value of the MS. Anglice Sanctce et Catholicce, Auctore D. V. Edwardo 
 Bradshaw de Mancestria, Anglo, Sacrse Theologise Candidato, Catholico 
 Romano. The author was the second son of Roger of Bradshaigh of Haigh, 
 and is sometimes called " The Deaf." (Palatine Note-book, vol. i., p. 221.) 
 
 1693. 
 
 Rev. James Illingworth, B.D., died, August, 1693. He was a Fellow of 
 Emanuel College, Cambridge, but was ejected in 1662. He gave the portraits 
 of Whitaker, Nowell, Bolton, and Bradford to the Chetham Library. He is 
 the author of A Genuine Account of the Man whose Hands and Legs Rotted 
 Off, 1678. 
 
 Sir Edward Mosley, of Hulme, died, aged 77. He was one of Cromwell's 
 Scotch justices, and was knighted by William III. in 1689. The last baronet 
 had entailed the family estates upon the son of Edward Mosley, of Hulme, but 
 as a compromise, Rolleston and the manor of Manchester were secured to 
 Nicholas. Sir Edward was unfortunate in his children ; his sons died early 
 and his daughter became the wife of the spendthrift Sir John Bland. (Mosley's 
 Family Memoirs ; Axon's Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 
 A prescriptive claim set up by Oswald Mosley, acting for the lord of the 
 manor (Sir Edward Mosley), for a toll of twopence per pack on all goods of the 
 description called Manchester wares brought within the manor (not necessarily 
 in the markets), except of the burgesses there, was held bad by the Court of 
 King's Bench, upon error from a judgment in the County Palatine of Chester, 
 the court holding that every prescription to charge a subject with a duty must 
 impart a benefit or recompense to him, or else some reason must be shown 
 why a duty is claimed. Warrington v. Mosley (sic), 4 Modern Reports, 319 ; 
 1 Holt, 673-4. (Mosley's Family Memoirs.) 
 
 1694. 
 
 The first religious service was held in the newly-erected Cross Street 
 Chapel 24th June. The building operations occupied twelve months. (Baker's 
 Memorials, p. 15.) 
 
 Sir Roland Stanley, Sir Thomas Clifton, and others tried at the Sessions 
 House, Manchester, 20th October, on a charge of conspiracy and treason. The 
 assizes were adjourned by special commission from Lancaster for this purpose. 
 Sir Giles Eyres was the presiding judge. The witnesses for the existence of a 
 Lancashire plot were shown to be perjured, and the accused were acquitted. 
 (Axon's Lancashire Gleanings.) It is nevertheless certain that many of the 
 gentry were gravely disaffected. Ainsworth's novel of Beatrice Tyldesley deals 
 with this incident. 
 
 1695. 
 
 Rev. Henry Newcome, M.A., died 17th September. This learned and pious 
 divine was the son of a clergyman in Huntingdonshire. His mother was one
 
 1696-1700] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 73 
 
 of the Salford family of Williamson. In 1644 he entered St. John's College, 
 Cambridge, and after taking his B.A. degree, married, about the age of 20, 
 Elizabeth Mainwaring, and through her interest became rector of Gaws worth 
 in 1650, and in 1655 was chosen as successor of Hollinworth in the Collegiate 
 Church. He is often called Fellow, but there was no Chapter, as the church 
 revenue was sequestered and the college practically dissolved. He was 
 favourable to the Restoration, and preached a sermon Usurpation Defeated 
 and David Restored, 1660. The new charter of Charles II. did not name him, 
 but he was allowed to preach until 31st August, 1662. He continued in Man- 
 chester until the passing of the infamous Five Mile Act in 1665, when he was 
 forced to remove to Worsley, but in 1670 again came to live in the town, and, 
 after some persecution, obtained a licence in 1672 to preach in his own house or 
 adjacent barn in the Cold House. This had to be discontinued in 1676, but he 
 still taught in the homes of his adherents, and in 1687 began again to preach 
 publicly. Amongst the smaller annoyances was the breaking of the windows 
 of the barn chapel by Sir John Bland whilst Newcome was preaching. In 1693 
 the Cross Street Chapel was erected, and the Revolution having given the Non- 
 conformists some peace, the last days of Newcome were not made bitter by 
 persecution. He wrote The Sinner's Hope, 1660 ; Plain Discourse about Rash 
 and Sinful Anger, 1693, and other works. His Diary has been edited by 
 Thomas Heywood, F.S.A., and his Autobiography by Rev. Richard Parkinson, 
 and both published by the Chetham Society. He is buried in the aisle of Cross 
 Street Chapel. There is a portrait of this founder of Manchester Noncon- 
 formity in the Lancashire Independent College, which is engraved in the 
 Manchester Socinian Controversy and in Sir Thomas Baker's Memorials of 
 Cross Street Chapel, where there is a full list of his writings. 
 
 From an indenture made of this year it would appear that the fee with an 
 apprentice to a Manchester manufacturer was £60, the youth serving seven 
 years. 
 
 1696. 
 
 Mrs. Shuttleworth's Charity was founded ; by it the interest of £50 was 
 to be given to the poor people in Deansgate. 
 
 1697. 
 
 Dame Jane Meriel Mosley died 8th July. She was one of the founders of 
 Nonconformity in Manchester, and left £50 for the poor of Cross Street Chapel. 
 She was the daughter of Mr. Richard Saltonstall, of Huntwick, and married 
 Edward Mosley, who was knighted in 1689, and died in 1695. Her father and 
 mother were resident in Manchester, and are buried at Didsbury. (Baker's 
 Memorials, p. 64.) 
 
 The Nonconformist Chapel, Blackley, was built. 
 
 1698. 
 
 Thoresby again visited Manchester and laments that his friends, Newcome, 
 Tilsley, Martindale, Blingworth, were all dead, and that none remained whom 
 he knew. (Diary, vol. ii., p. 322.) 
 
 1700. 
 
 Tapestry to cover the altar-screen of the Collegiate Church given by Mr.
 
 74 Annals of Manchester. [1701-1706 
 
 Samuel Brooke, February 24. The tapestry represents the offering of the early 
 Christians, mentioned in Acts iv., 34, and the death of Ananias and Sapphira. 
 The initial letters V. M., H. W., and G. K. are those of the makers, and the 
 date, 1661, indicates the time of its manufacture. 
 
 Nathaniel Edmondson, a woollen draper in Manchester, caused the marble 
 pavement in front of the altar of the Collegiate Church "to be laid at his own 
 expense." 
 
 1701. 
 
 Rev. Francis Mosley, M.A., died at Bowdon 3rd June. He was a son of 
 Oswald Mosley, of Ancoats, and was educated at Emanuel College, Cambridge. 
 He was successively minister of Stretford and Rector of Wilmslow. (Bailey's 
 Old Stretford, pp. 40, 41.) 
 
 1702. 
 
 Rev. Nathaniel Scholes died of palsy 2nd October, 1702. He was a son of 
 the Rev. Jeremia Scholes (see under date 1685). He was minister at Newton 
 Heath and at Macclesfield. He was a great friend of Henry Newcome. (Ear- 
 waker's East Cheshire, vol. ii., p. 511 ; Palatine Note-book, vol. iv., p. 30.) He 
 was one of the believers in the Surey impostor. 
 
 In the household book of a respectable tradesman of Manchester there is 
 for the first time a charge of 10s. for tea and coffee. (Aikin's Country Round, 
 Manchester.) 
 
 1703. 
 
 The first calendarer ("Kalendar") mentioned in the parish registers is 
 Timothy Bancroft, who had a child baptised 1st March. 
 
 1705. 
 
 Rev. John Chorlton died 16th May. He was born at Salford in 1666, and at 
 the age of 22 became the assistant of the Rev. Henry Newcome. Matthew 
 Henry testifies to his readiness of expression, great sincerity, and serious piety. 
 (Baker's Memorials, p. 18.) He is buried in the Collegiate Church. At the 
 Academy, under his direction, many were educated for the ministry. 
 (Ibid., p. 61 ; 140.) 
 
 Mr. Samuel Haward died. His funeral sermon was preached at St. Mar- 
 garet's, Lothbury, 24th September, by the Rev. Peter Newcome, M.A., vicar of 
 Hackney. Haward was a Lancashire man, and left bequests for a dole of 
 bread at Salford, and for a sermon with distribution of twenty Bibles, and 
 woollen cloth at Oldham. (Palatine Note-book, vol. iii., p. 89.) 
 
 1706. 
 
 Four large silver flagons presented to the Collegiate Church, Sunday, April 
 4th ; the four old ones of pewter given to Gorton, Stretford, Newton, and 
 Didsbury. 
 
 Rev. George Ogden, Vicar of Ribchester and Fellow of the Collegiate 
 Church, died, aged 70. 
 
 Six bells of the Collegiate Church were recast into eight.
 
 1707-1712] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 75 
 
 1707. 
 
 Nicholas Stratford, Bishop of Chester, a former warden of the Collegiate 
 Church, died September 12. Dr. Stratford was Dean of St. Asaph, Prebendary of 
 Lincoln, and had the living of Llanroost, in Wales. Having married a daughter 
 of the Bishop of Rochester, he was appointed warden of Manchester at the 
 age of 34. The close of his wardenship, in 1684, was marked by political and 
 religious distractions. Persecutions became fierce. Stratford, to his honour, 
 alleviated the suffering, and prevented, as far as he could, the persecution of 
 the Dissenters in Manchester. He was the author of A Dissuasive from 
 Revenge, 1684 (this he dedicated to the people of Manchester), A Discourse of 
 the Pope's Supremacy, 1688, and other writings. 
 
 1708. 
 
 An act of Parliament passed for the erection of St. Ann's Church and 
 building St. Ann's Square, when it was enacted " that the square should be 
 thirty yards wide, to afford space for the purpose of holding 'Acres Fair,'" 
 then a cornfield. 
 
 1709. 
 
 The foundation stone of St. Ann's Church, St. Ann's Square, was laid by 
 Lady Ann Bland, of Hulme Hall, May 18. It was dedicated to St. Ann in 
 compliment to the lady who laid the foundation stone, and who was the 
 greatest contributor to its erection. (See under date 17th July, 1712.) 
 
 A Compendious Character of the Celebrated Beauties of Manchester, 
 written in the year 1709, appears in Heywood's Letters and Editions, 1726. 
 The writer says that " many scandalous pamphlets and scurrilous lampoons " 
 had appeared reflecting upon the ladies. Heywood's notice is reprinted in 
 Earwaker's Local Gleanings, No. 494. 
 
 1710. 
 
 Rev. Peter Birch, D.D., died. He was son of Thomas Birch, of Birch, and 
 although of a Presbyterian family conformed and graduated at Oxford. He 
 was chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons. Two of his sermons 
 were printed. (Booker's History of Birch.) 
 
 1712. 
 
 St. Ann's Church was consecrated by Sir "William Dawes, Bishop of 
 Chester, 12th July. (Bardsley's Memorials of St. Ann's.) 
 
 Rev. Charles Owen, in his Scene of Delusion Opened, alludes to the secret 
 meetings of some prophets, probably a remnant of the "French prophets"— 
 the refugee Camisards— and "the providential check" which they had received. 
 
 A manuscript containing Bemarkables and Observables, in the life of 
 Edward Harrald, &perruquier, or barber-surgeon, in the years 1712 to 1715, was 
 presented in 1882 to Chetham's Library by Mr. Robert McD. Smith, of St. 
 Mary's Gate. Some extracts from it appeared in the first volume of Harland's 
 Collectanea. Harrald's time was mostly passed at church and at the alehouse, 
 and he varied his business of curling wigs by dealing in books. Mr. Harland 
 omitted the diarist's outlines of the sermons of the Manchester preachers,
 
 76 Annals of Manchester. [1713-1716 
 
 which appear to be well summarised, the peculiarities of individual style being 
 preserved. 
 
 1713. 
 
 Kev. Samuel Angier died 8th November. He was born at Dedham 28th 
 August, 1639, and was a nephew of John Angier, to whom he acted as assistant 
 at Denton. He was ordained at the house of Robert Eaton, in Deansgate, in 
 1672, at what was probably the first Nonconformist ordination in England. On 
 the death of his uncle, the Warden of Manchester appointed the Rev. John 
 Ogden, but great difficulty was experienced in dispossessing Angier, who retired 
 to Dukinfield, where, in 1689, he became minister of a dissenting congregation, 
 who, in 1708, built a chapel for him. In his latter years he was almost blind. 
 (Dictionary of National Biography, vol. i.) 
 
 1714. 
 
 Dr. Nathaniel Banne, physician and feoffee of Chetham's College, died, and 
 was buried at St. Ann's Church. 
 
 1715. 
 
 The Jacobites on the birthday of the Pretender, 10th June, under the lead 
 of Tom Syddall, a blacksmith, caused a riot, and damaged the houses of the 
 loyal inhabitants, and did much mischief at the Dissenting Chapel (in Cross 
 Street) of which they left only the walls standing. There were riots also at 
 Monton, Blackley, Stand, Failsworth, and other places. Some of the deposi- 
 tions are printed in the Palatine Note-book, vol. ii., p. 240. The rioters were 
 tried at Lancaster in August. (See under date 11th February, 1716.) Parlia- 
 ment granted £1,500 as compensation for the damage done by the mob to Cross 
 Street Chapel, which was repaired and made ready for use in the spring of 1716. 
 
 1716. 
 
 Thomas Syddall executed 11th February. He was a blacksmith, and 
 headed the mob which partially destroyed the Cross Street Chapel in 1715. 
 For this, he with others was sentenced to the pillory and imprisonment in 
 Lancaster Castle, but was released by the army of the Jacobite rebellion. He 
 joined the forces of the Old Chevalier and was taken prisoner at Preston fight. 
 He was tried at Liverpool, and sent for the death penalty with five other rebels, 
 William Harris, Stephen Seager, Joseph Porter, and John Finch, to Man- 
 chester. It is traditionally stated that Knott Mill was the place of execution. 
 The Sheriff's "charge at Manchester on executing Sydall, &c," was £8 10s. 
 (Palatine Note-book, vol. iv., p. 93.) 
 
 Rev. James Cunningham, A.M., died in London, September 1. He was the 
 assistant of Mr. Chorlton at Cross Street Chapel, and was associated with 
 him in the conduct of a Nonconformist Academy. After Mr. Chorlton's death 
 a prosecution was instituted against him for keeping this academy, and in 1712 
 he resigned the Manchester pastorate and became minister of a congregation 
 in London. (Baker's Memorials, p. 20.) He published The Everlasting High 
 Priest, 1705, and other sermons. 
 
 Nathaniel Gaskell died 20th November, aged 63. He was the grandfather 
 of Lord Clive, and left the interest of £50 for the poor of Cross Street Chapel,
 
 1717-1719] Annals of Manchester. 77 
 
 and £4 per annum for teaching poor children to read the Bible. (Baker's 
 Memorials, 70.) 
 
 General Willis passed through Manchester with the army under his com- 
 mand against the Scottish rebels. 
 
 1717. 
 
 Rev. Eliezer Birch died 12th May, 1717. He was a native of Manchester, 
 but had been for twenty years minister of Dean Row, and had also had a charge 
 at Yarmouth before he became, in 1712, minister of Cross Street Chapel. 
 (Baker's Memorials, p. 21.) He is buried in the chapel yard. 
 
 1718. 
 
 Richard Wroe, D.D., Warden of the Collegiate Church, died January 1. 
 He was born at Heaton Gate, in the parish of Prestwich, August 21, 1641, and 
 educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he proceeded D.D. in 1688. He 
 was appointed fellow of the college March 9, 1674. His happy talent of preach- 
 ing in the pulpit gave him the distinguishing character of " Silver-tongued 
 Wroe." He had an interest in natural philosophy, and was a correspondent of 
 Flamsteed. He wrote The Beauty of Unity, 1682 ; Bighteousness Encouraged, 
 1684. There is a portrait, with a biography and bibliography, in the Palatine 
 Note-book, vol. ii., p. 133. 
 
 "One of the earliest burials in St. Ann's was that of John Best. His 
 epitaph runs thus : ' John, son of Luke Best, of Manchester, limner, buried 
 November y e 7tb, 1718.' " (Bardsley's Memorials, p. 31.) 
 
 Stretford Chapel was rebuilt. 
 
 Samuel Peploe, Vicar of Preston, a Whig, was appointed warden by 
 George I., but Dr. Francis Gastrell, Bishop of Chester, being a Tory, refused to 
 confirm him in his office. The charter directed that the warden should have a 
 degree in divinity, and when the Archbishop of Canterbury gave Peploe a Lam- 
 beth diploma the bishop still refused on the pretext of the insufficiency of this 
 degree. It was not till three years after the nomination of Peploe that the 
 Court of King's Bench decided in this matter. The decision was in favour of 
 the Crown. (See under 1722.) It is said that Peploe owed his advance in the 
 Church to the following circumstance : Being required to perform divine 
 service before the Pretender, at Preston, in 1715, he had the courage to pray for 
 the reigning family. The clergy, who were chiefly Jacobites, were frequently 
 at war with him, and whilst their sermons preached the divine right of kings, 
 his were eulogies of the glorious Revolution. (Hibbert-Ware's Foundations ; 
 Halley's Lancashire.) 
 
 1719. 
 
 The first book printed in Manchester was " Mathematical Lectures," read 
 to the Mathematical Society, by John Jackson. It was printed by Roger 
 Adams, Parsonage, and sold by William Clayton, at the Conduit. 
 
 The first Manchester newspaper was the Manchester Weekly Journal, 
 containing the freshest advices, both foreign and domestic, to be continued 
 weekly, printed and sold by Roger Adams, at the lower end of Smib] (Smithy) 
 Door, price Id. No. 325, dated March 15th, 1725, was in the possession of the
 
 78 Annals of Manchester. ri720-i724 
 
 late Mr. John Yates, of Bolton. It was discontinued 1726. The printer after- 
 wards went to Chester (see 1749). 
 
 1720. 
 
 Oswald Mosley, of Rolleston, in the county of Stafford, lord of the manor, 
 created a baronet, June 18. 
 
 An Act (7 George I. cap. 15) was passed for making the Irwell and Mersey 
 navigable to Liverpool, 8th December. 
 
 1721. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Barrow died 4th March at an advanced age. He was Head Master 
 of the Grammar School about 40 years. 
 
 The rivers Irwell and Mersey made navigable to Liverpool for vessels of 50 
 tons, June 6. 
 
 A post from Manchester to London and the North three times a week ; 
 eight days required to effect the interchange of letters. 
 
 1722. 
 
 Dr Gastrell, Bishop of Chester, having refused to admit Samuel Peploe, B.D.,' 
 of Lambeth, to the wardenship of Manchester College, the cause was tried first 
 at Lancaster Assizes, on the 13th of August, 1722. The argument in favour of 
 the Archbishop's right was conducted with great learning and skill. The 
 hearing occupied fifteen hours. A prescriptive right was made out to general 
 satisfaction, and a statutable right also as far as there was occasion to go into 
 the Act of Parliament. But the jury of gentlemen gave a verdict to the right 
 in general, without fixing it on any single foot. It was then carried by appeal 
 before the King's Bench, and there decided in favour of the Archbishop's 
 right, May 22, 1725. (Notes and Queries, iii., 276. Blackstone Comm., i., 381. 
 Edit., 1829.) 
 
 1724. 
 
 Rev. Robert Meeke died 31st May. He was born at Salford 30th Dec, 1656, 
 where his father was minister of Sacred Trinity Church. (See under date 17th 
 January, 1658.) His mother was Catharine Hyde, of Hyde Hall. Little is 
 known of his early life, but in 1685 he was appointed, at the age of twenty-eight, 
 minister of the ancient chapelry of Slaithwaite, where he continued nearly forty 
 years. The chapel was rebuilt by his exertions in 1719, and in 1721 he founded 
 the Sleathwaite Free School. He was buried in Slaithwaite chapel. He kept 
 a diary, and extracts from 1689 to 1694 have been printed. (See Extracts from 
 the Diary of Rev. Robert Meeke by H. F. Morehouse. London, 1874.) 
 
 11 George I. Act for repairing and widening the road from Sherbrook 
 Hill, near Buxton and Chapen in the Frith, to Manchester. 12th November. 
 
 Mrs. Ann Hinde died, aged 70. She was the daughter of William Page, a 
 Manchester merchant, and wife of the Rev. John Hinde, Fellow of the 
 Collegiate Church. She founded the "Green Gown School" at Manchester 
 and Stretford for clothing and educating poor children. (See Bailey's Old 
 Stretford and Clarke's School Candidates, intro. pp. xiii.-xvi.) 
 
 Dr. William Stukeley published his "Itinerarium Curiosum," in which 
 Manchester is described as "the largest, most rich, populous, and busy village
 
 1725-1729] Annals of Manchester. 79 
 
 in England, having about 2,400 families." This must probably include the whole 
 parish. He further says, " They have looms which work 24 laces at once, which 
 were stolen from the Dutch." 
 
 1725. 
 
 On the death of Bishop Gastrell, 24th November, Dr. Peploe, the warden, 
 was promoted to the see of Chester, retaining at the same time the wardenship 
 in commendam. 
 
 William Baguley, of Oakenbottom and Kersley, died 31st December, aged 
 56. He was the founder of a school for poor children at Breightmet and another 
 at Manchester. s» 
 
 1726. 
 
 The living of Didsbury was vested in Dame Ann Bland, of Hulme Hall, 
 December 12, for advancing £200 for the Queen Ann's Bounty. 
 
 It was customary to place oak boughs on "the top of the steeple " (tower) 
 of the parish church in commemoration of the Restoration. 
 
 Bishop Gastrell having appointed Mr. Assheton to a vacant chaplainship in 
 the Collegiate Church, the warden (now Bishop of Chester) opposed the 
 appointment, and succeeded in obtaining from the Crown the nomination of 
 Mr. Whittaker, who accordingly was sworn in under protest on the part of the 
 fellows. Mr. Assheton appealed to the Court of King's Bench and obtained a 
 mandamus which overruled the right of the bishop to visit himself as warden. 
 Mr. Assheton thus succeeded in being appointed. An Act of Parliament was 
 afterwards passed, appointing the king as a visitor of the Collegiate Church, 
 when the wardenship was held in commendam. 
 
 1727. 
 
 A collection of curious papers was published in this year relating to Mr. 
 Assheton, who was justly suspected of disaffection to the House of Hanover. 
 There is also Mr. Assheton's reply. The writers in this controversy were John 
 Byrom and Mr. Kenyon. The clergy of the old church were somewhat 
 notorious for their Jacobite sympathies. 
 
 The author of A Tour through the whole Island of Great Britain, by a 
 Gentleman, 1727, which has been attributed to Defoe, says that "within a few 
 years past Manchester has doubled its number of inhabitants, so that, taking 
 in all its suburbs, it contains at least 50,000 people." 
 
 1728. 
 
 2 George II. Act to impower His Majesty to visit the Collegiate Church of 
 Manchester, during such time as the wardenship of the said Church, or shall 
 be held in commendam with the Bishopric of Chester. 21st January. 
 
 1 George II. cap. 11. Act to enable Thomas Brown, gentleman, to grant 
 building leases of his estate in the town of Manchester. 
 
 1729. 
 
 Rev. William Hudlestone, formerly a Benedictine Missionary, preached a 
 recantation sermon 21st September, before Bishop Peploe, in the Collegiate 
 Clinrch. The sermon has been printed. lie was a native of Cambridgeshire,
 
 80 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1730-1733 
 
 but belonged to a Lancashire family which had already given several priests 
 to the Church of Rome. Hudleston's sermon is noticed in Earwaker's Local 
 Gleanings, No. 628. 
 
 The old Exchange, Manchester, built at the charge of Sir Oswald Mosley. 
 
 The character of the inhabitants of Manchester at this time is described to 
 be "of a good sort, being pretty much of the old English temper, hearty and 
 sincere in their affections and expressions, given to hospitality ; very kind and 
 civil to their friends, but very stiff and resolute against their enemies." 
 
 The establishment of races on Kersal Moor caused some controversy. The 
 project is strongly censured in a pamphlet attributed to John Byrom. Dr. 
 Peploe at the same time denounced assemblies, and prohibited clergymen from 
 attending them. 
 
 1730. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Wroe died 21st September, 1730. He was a son of Warden 
 Wroe, and was baptised at Manchester 26th January, 1702-3. He took his 
 degree of M.A. at Brazenose College, Oxford, and was a Fellow of the Collegiate 
 Church. (Fish wick's History of Garstang, p. 183.) 
 
 The Manchester Gazette published by Henry Whitworth, December 22 ;.the 
 first number. The title was changed to the Manchester Magazine, which was 
 sold for threehalfpence, 1737. The title was again changed by his son Robert 
 to the Advertiser and Weekly Magazine. Its last number appeared March 
 25, 1760. 
 
 The small tithes of the Parish of Manchester amounted to £110 per annum. 
 
 Hugh, twelfth Lord Willoughby de Parham, died, aged 77. He was con- 
 nected with Cross Street Chapel, though not apparently resident nearer than 
 the Old Hall, Worsley. (Baker's Memorials, p. 67.) The history of the 
 Willoughby peerage is a curious one. 
 
 1731. 
 
 '"An act was passed to prevent the stealing of linen, fustian, and other wares 
 from the fields where they are whitening or drying. It received royal assent 
 May 17. 
 
 A proposal for the establishment of a public workhouse for Manchester was 
 defeated by the violence of party feeling. The High Churchmen and Jacobites 
 were afraid that the control would be in the hands of the Whigs and Presby- 
 terians, and so refused to comply. 
 
 1732. 
 
 The first meeting house of the Society of Friends, which was in Jackson's 
 Row, fell into disuse. 
 
 1733. 
 
 The fly shuttle for the handloom weaver invented by John Kay, of Bury. 
 May 26. 
 
 Rev. John Wesley visited Manchester in May to see the Rev. Mr. Clayton. 
 He was in the town again in June, and, on the 3rd, preached at the Old 
 Church, Salford Chapel, and St. Ann's Church. 
 
 Henry Gore died. He was a native of Manchester, had some reputation 
 as a mathematician, and was the author of The Elements of Sound Geometry.
 
 1734-1736] Annals of Manchester. 81 
 
 1734. 
 
 Lady Barbara Fitzroy died January 4. The following inscription is in the 
 choir of the Collegiate Church, where she was interred :— 
 
 Lady Barbara Fitzroy, 
 Eldest Daughter of the Most Noble Charles 
 Duke of Cleveland and Southampton, 
 Died Jan. 4th, 1734. 
 
 Nothing is known of the reasons which induced her to select Manchester as 
 her place of residence. Her property was left to an adopted child, "William 
 Dawson. (Foundations of Manchester.) 
 
 A charity school for boys and girls, " children of poor Protestant Dissenters, 
 not excluding others," founded in connection with Cross Street Chapel. The 
 girls' school was given up in 1805, and the boys' school in 1815, on the foundation 
 of the Lancasterian School. (Baker's Memorials, p. 29.) 
 
 Lady Ann Bland, lady of the manor, died. She was the daughter of Sir 
 Edward Mosley, of Hulme Hall, which she decorated with altars and other 
 Roman antiquities. She was a leader of society and the chief founder of St. 
 Ann's Church, which was built partly as a protest against the Stuart sympathies 
 of the High Church clergy of the Cathedral. (Mosley's Family Memoirs; Axon's 
 Lancashire Gleanings.) She was succeeded by her second cousin, Sir Oswald 
 Mosley. (See under date 1751.) 
 
 1735. 
 
 The south side of St. Ann's Square, King Street, and Ridgefield first built 
 upon. 
 
 Bishop Peploe strictly enforced the payment of fines called " absence 
 money," much to the discontent of the Fellows of the Collegiate Church, who 
 were thus compelled to be punctual in residence. 
 
 "Manchester," says Chamberlayne, "is a town of very great trade for 
 woollen and linen manufacture." 
 
 1736. 
 
 10 George II. cap. 9. Act for making navigable the river or brook called 
 Worsley Brook, from Worsley Mill, in the township of "Worsley, to the river 
 Irwell. 1st February. 
 
 The Rev. Nathaniel Bann died September 9. He was a native of Man- 
 chester, where his father was a physician and feoffee of Chetham's Hospital. 
 He was baptised at the Collegiate Church 14th December, 1671, and became 
 librarian of Chetham's Library in 1G93, and was the first rector of St. Ann's 
 Church. Some of his MSS. are preserved in Chetham's Library. (Bardsley's 
 Memorials.) 
 
 The register of the baptisms, marriages, and burials of St. Ann's Church 
 commenced December 11. 
 
 What is known as the " Manchester Act " passed the Houses of Parliament. 
 This statute (9 George II., c. 4) says that as great quantities of stufis made of 
 linen yarn and cotton wool had been manufactured, printed, and painted, and 
 the industry was a branch of the ancient fustian manufacture of Great Britain, 
 the manufacture was therefore permitted, "provided that the warp thereof be 
 
 F
 
 82 Annals of Manchester. [1737-1740 
 
 entirely linen yarn." (Statutes at Large, Espinasse's Lancashire Worthies, 
 i., 229 ; ii., 62.) 
 
 Ann Butterworth, widow of Thomas Butterworth, died. Her mother was 
 one of the Mosleys of Ancoats. She left £500 to the trustees of the Cross Street 
 Chapel, the interest to be applied in binding poor Protestant children appren- 
 tice. She was buried in the chapel. (Baker's Memorials.) 
 
 The Manchester Journal was published by A. Schofield. 
 
 1737. 
 
 The existing registers of Chorlton Chapel begin this year. 
 
 The townspeople were bound to have their grain ground at the manorial 
 Boke-mill, which had become the property of the Grammar School. The 
 management of the School Mills provoked the following epigram, written by 
 John Byrom, against two trustees of the School Mills :— 
 
 Bone and Skin, two millers thin, 
 
 Would starve us all or near it ; 
 But be it known to Skin and Bone, 
 
 That Flesh and Blood can't bear it. 
 
 "Bone" (Mr. Dawson) was a surgeon, and "Skin" (Mr. Yates) an attorney. 
 (See Byrom!s Remains, vol. i., p. 562.) 
 
 The title of Whitworth's Manchester Gazette was changed to the Man- 
 chester Magazine. It was sold at threehalfpence. 
 
 1738. 
 
 Rev. John Wesley in Manchester, March 16-19, and was " refreshed and 
 strengthened " by intercourse with Rev. John Clayton " and the rest of our 
 friends here." Mr. Wesley preached at Salford Chapel and at St. Ann's. This 
 was immediately after his return from America. 
 
 Lewis Paul's roller spinning machine was patented June 24. 
 
 The Lancashire Journal published weekly by John Berry at the Dial, near 
 the Cross. The contents of several numbers are described in the new edition of 
 Baines's Lancashire, i., 329 ; Axon's Manchester Libraries, p. 155 ; Local Notes 
 and Queries of Manchester Guardian, 6th July, 1874 ; Palatine Note-book, 
 vol. ii., p. 205. 
 
 Rev. George Whitfield preached twice in Manchester, December 3 (? 24). 
 
 Samuel Peploe, Bishop of Chester and Warden of Manchester, resigned the 
 latter position in favour of his son, Samuel Peploe, jun., L.L.D., Chancellor, and 
 Prebendary of Chester, Archdeacon of Richmond, and Rector of Worthenden 
 and Taxall ; and to which benefices was added, in 1742, the rich living of Tatten- 
 hall, in Chester. The Bishop Warden had been on bad terms with the Fellows of 
 the Collegiate Church, and the appointment of his son enabled him to use his 
 episcopal power as visitor. An investigation of the affairs of the college since 
 1718 resulted in the submission and apology of the clergy. 
 
 1740. 
 
 About this time Manchester merchants began to give out warps and raw 
 cotton to the weavers, receiving them back in cloth, and paying for the carding, 
 roving, spinning, and weaving. The weaving of a piece containing twelve
 
 1741-1745] Annals of Manchester. 83 
 
 pounds of eighteenpenny weft occupied a weaver about fourteen days, and he 
 received for the weaving 18s. ; spinning the weft, at 9d. per lb., 9s. ; picking, 
 carding, and roving, 8s. 
 
 A Baptist Chapel built in Withy Grove. It was rebuilt 1826. 
 
 1741. 
 
 St. Thomas's Chapel, Ardwick, consecrated November 10. It is now a per- 
 petual curacy, in the presentation of the Dean and Canons of Manchester. 
 
 A plan of Manchester and Salford, surrounded with views of public buildings 
 and the principal residences of the town, was published by Caslon and Berry. 
 
 A spinning engine with rollers was constructed by John Wyatt, and 
 " turned by two or more asses." It was in use in the Upper Priory, Birming- 
 ham. Another of the like construction, containing 250 spindles, turned by 
 water, was at Northampton, the property, in part, of Edward Cave, the pro- 
 jector and proprietor of the Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 1742. 
 
 The parish organ in the Collegiate Church built. 
 
 1743. 
 
 The import of cotton wool amounted to 1,132,2881b. The quantity retained 
 
 for home consumption was 1,091, 41Slb. 
 
 East India yarns used in Lancashire up to this time for the finer kinds of 
 
 goods. 
 
 1744. 
 
 The name of Mercy De Foe occurs in the register of burials, 29th April, 1744. 
 
 There is a story that the young Pretender visited Manchester in disguise, 
 and stayed at Ancoats Hall, in the summer of 1744. It is said that a young 
 woman recognised this mysterious guest in the leader of the Highland army of 
 the following year. There is no real evidence of the visit. (Cf. Aston's 
 Metrical Records, Mosley's Family Memoirs, and Axon's Lancashire 
 Gleanings.) 
 
 1745. 
 
 John Kay and Joseph Stell invented " a loom for working and weaving of 
 tapes, &c." April 18. 
 
 In Marchant's History of the Rebellion, he says: "Manchester stands 
 near the conflux of the Irk with the Irwell, and is so much improved in this 
 and the last century above its neighbours, that though it is not a corporation, 
 nor sends members to Parliament, yet, as an inland town, it has perhaps the 
 best trade of any in these north parts, and surpasses all the towns hereabouts 
 in buildings and number of people, and its spacious market-place and college. 
 . . . . The fustian manufactures, called Manchester cottons, for which it 
 has been famous for almost one hundred and fifty years, have been very much 
 improved of late by some inventions of dyeing and printing with the great 
 variety of other manufactures, known by the name of Manchester goods, as 
 ticking, tapes, filleting, and linen cloth, enrich not only the town but the 
 whole parish, and render the people industrious. As the Hague in Holland is 
 deservedly called the most magnificent village in Europe, Manchester, with
 
 84 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 174E 
 
 equal propriety, may be styled the greatest mere village in England, for 'tis not 
 so much as a town, strictly speaking, the highest magistrate being a constable 
 or headborough ; yet it is more populous than York, Norwich, or most cities in 
 England, and as big as two or three of the lesser ones put together." 
 
 The "rising of the forty -five" was a memorable event in the annals of 
 Manchester, where the adherents of the Stuarts were very numerous. It was the 
 custom of the leaders to dine together at a small public-house near Didsbury. 
 After the cloth was removed a large bowl of water was placed on the table, 
 when every gentleman rose, and holding his glass over the water drank "The 
 King." "■ This is not a toast I should have expected to be drunk here," said a 
 new guest. " Tush," said his friend, " are we not drinking ' The King over the 
 water ?' " On the news of the insurrection in Scotland a subscription amounting 
 to £1,966 3s. was raised for a troop to be placed at the disposal of Edward Lord 
 Derby for resisting the army of the young Pretender. "Warden Peploe was the 
 only subscriber amongst the clergy of the Collegiate Church. The Stuart 
 partizans included some of the leading gentlemen of the town, the clergy of the 
 Collegiate Church, nearly all of whom, except Dr. Peploe (who laboured singly 
 and unceasingly in defence of George II.), were zealous Jacobites, and took 
 every occasion to promote disaffection from the pulpit, and to influence their 
 hearers on behalf of the Pretender ; and lastly, Dr. Deacon and his band of 
 Nonjurors, who was decidedly the most active in the insurrection, and whose 
 three sons joined the Pretender. Corporal Dickson and his sweetheart, with a 
 drummer belonging to the Pretender's army, took military possession of Man- 
 chester, November 28. A party of the inhabitants resolved upon " taking him 
 prisoner, dead or alive." A fight ensued, the issue of which was that, the 
 Jacobite party defending Dickson and the drummer, the assailants were 
 repulsed, and during the rest of the day they paraded the streets in triumph, 
 and obtained about one hundred and eighty recruits, to don white cockades. 
 In the evening the vanguard of the army entered the town, and the main body, 
 under the command of Prince Charles Edward (the young Pretender), began to 
 enter Manchester about ten o'clock in the morning, November 29. The troops 
 marched into St. Ann's Square whilst the funeral service was being performed 
 over the grave of the Rev. Joseph Hoole. Some of the officers joined decorously 
 in the service. The Prince arrived about two in the afternoon, and took up his 
 residence at the house of Mr. John Dickenson, in Market Street Lane, after- 
 wards known as the Palace Inn, and now the Palace Buildings. The Prince, 
 in marching through Salford, was met by the Rev. John Clayton, who, falling 
 on his knees, prayed for the divine blessing upon him. The Old Pretender was 
 proclaimed as James III., and there were public illuminations, November 29. 
 Some of the adherents of the Prince went to the printing office of Mr. Whit- 
 worth, proprietor of the Magazine, and compelled Thomas Bradbury, a 
 journeyman (in the absence of his master), to print several manifestoes and 
 other papers. The Prince went to service on the Sunday at the Collegiate 
 Church. The sermon was preached by Thomas Cappock, whom the Prince had 
 appointed his chaplain, November 30. After service the "Manchester 
 Regiment," which numbered about 300 men, was reviewed by the Prince 
 Charles Edward in the Churchyard. The rebels left the town on their march 
 to the South, 1st December. They marched to Derby, where a retreat was
 
 1746] Annals of Manchester. 85 
 
 decided upon, and the rebel army re-entered on their retreat to the North, 
 December 8. The Pretender levied a contribution of £5,000 upon the inhabi- 
 tants of Manchester, and took old James Bayley prisoner, but let him go on 
 condition that he would raise one-half of the money, or surrender himself 
 again a prisoner. He went to the Old Coffee House, and it was arranged that 
 he and John Dickenson should give promissory notes, payable in three months, 
 to such persons as would advance them money to meet the demand. By this 
 method the £2,500 was paid within the specified time, December 10. At the 
 surrender of Carlisle to the Duke of Cumberland, December 24, the following 
 officers of the Manchester Regiment fell into the hands of the Royalists : Colonel 
 Francis Townley ; Captains James Dawson, George Fletcher, John Sanderson, 
 Peter Moss, Andrew Blood, David Morgan ; Lieutenants T. Deacon, Robert 
 Deacon, Thomas Chadwick, John Beswick, John Holker, Thomas Furnival ; 
 Ensigns Charles Deacon, Samuel Maddock, Charles Gaylor, James Wilding, 
 John Hunter, John Brettagh ; Adjutant Syddall, and Thomas Cappock. Of 
 the non-commissioned officers and privates there were only ninety-three 
 remaining. The officers were sent in waggons to London, and the subordinates 
 were thrown into the prisons of Carlisle, Penrith, and Kendal. Before they 
 were marched to the metropolis the former were confined in the town gaol, and 
 the privates in the cathedral of the first-named place. The story of the " forty- 
 five " has given rise to a considerable literature. The local details are given in 
 Byrom's Diary, and the Foundations of Manchester. Various depositions as 
 to the behaviour of the rebels in Manchester and the neighbourhood are printed, 
 with annotations by Mr. J. P. Earwaker, in the Palatine Note-book, vol. iv., 
 p. 70. See also an article by Sir Thomas Baker in the Palatine Note-book, 
 vol. iii., p. 19. There is a MS. diary of a Manchester man who was in the 
 Pretender's army, and taken prisoner at Carlisle. It is in Chetham's library. 
 It is sometimes styled James Miller's journal, but the question of its author- 
 ship is discussed in The Reliquary, April, 1871. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Hoole, M.A., died November 27. He was. educated at Sidney 
 Sussex College, Cambridge, and had been vicar of Haxey before his appoint- 
 ment as rector of St. Ann's in 1736. He wrote a Guide to Communicants, 1739. 
 He was buried at St. Ann's, 29th November, and some of the Jacobite rebel 
 officers joined in the funeral service. Mr. Hoole's Sermons were published in 
 1747. (Bardsley's Memorials.) 
 
 Kersal Moor races were discontinued probably through the influence of 
 John Byrom. 
 
 1746. 
 
 Rev. Joshua Bayes died April 24. He was the son of Rev. Saiimel Bayes, 
 one of the ejected ministers of 1602, who settled in Manchester. Joshua Bayes 
 is said by Wilson to have been born in 1671, but according to his tombstone he 
 died in his 52nd year. He was minister of the Lather Lane Church, and the 
 author of The Church of Rome's Doctrine and Practice with relation to the 
 Worship of God in an Unknown Tongue, 1735, and several other sermons. 
 He contributed the portion on Galatians to the continuation of Henry's Com- 
 mentary. There is a portrait of him in Wilson's Dissenting Churches, iv., 396. 
 In Rose's Biographical Dictionary (vol. iii., p. 397) he is stated, but on what 
 authority is not said, to have been a native of Sheffield.
 
 86 Annals of Manchester. [1746 
 
 The trial of the officers of the Manchester Regiment commenced at London 
 July 1G. Captain Fletcher was vainly urged to turn King's evidence, but 
 Ensign Maddock was less unbending. The inquiry lasted three days, ter- 
 minating in the conviction of all the prisoners. There was, of course, no doubt 
 that they were guilty of treason, though their treason had its spring in 
 mistaken loyalty. Moss and Holker effected their escape from Newgate. The 
 national thanksgiving for the suppression of the rebellion was celebrated 9th 
 October, when the mob took vengeance upon the houses of Deacon and Syddall 
 because the unhappy father and the hapless widow had not illuminated their 
 windows in token of rejoicing. 
 
 Colonel Francis Townley, Captains Thomas Theodorus Deacon, James 
 Dawson, John Beswick, George Fletcher, Andrew Blood, David Morgan, 
 and Lieutenant Thomas Chadwick and Adjutant Thomas Syddall, officers in 
 the Manchester Regiment of rebels, were executed on Kennington Common 
 with all the cruel inflictions to which persons guilty of high treason were sub- 
 ject, July 30. After the execution the heads of Captain Deacon, Adjutant 
 Syddall, and Lieutenant Chadwick were brought down to Manchester and stuck 
 upon the Exchange, August 3. Dr. Deacon was the first to gaze upon the 
 remains of his son, and, though bowed with age and adversity, he subdued his 
 parental sorrow so far as to salute the ghastly head, and to express his rejoicing 
 that he had possessed a son who could firmly suffer martyrdom in the Stuart 
 cause. On the other hand they were scoffed at as " the gods spiked upon the 
 Exchange," and as "Tyburn gods." 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Cappock, the reputed Bishop of Carlisle, was brought to 
 trial in that city. He was taken into court robed in his gown and cassock ; and 
 being found guilty of high treason he was drawn, hanged, and quartered 
 October 18. He was a native of Manchester, and received his education at the 
 Free Grammar School. He received the appointment of chaplain to Prince 
 Charles at Manchester. He afterwards turned quartermaster, but again 
 assuming the priestly garb is doubtfully said to have been appointed by the 
 Pretender to the see of Carlisle. Some particulars of Cappock, or Coppock, 
 will be found in Earwaker's Local Gleanings, Nos. 304, 317, 325. 
 
 James Bradshaw, lieutenant of the rebel "Manchester Regiment," was 
 - xecuted at Kennington Common, November 28. His speech from the scaffold is 
 reported in the Palatine Note-book, vol. iii., p. 275. Biographical particulars 
 of Captain James Bradshaw are given in Earwaker's Local Gleanings, Nos. 
 195, 202, 219. 
 
 The magistrates held regular sittings at "The Dangerous Corner," and 
 compelled the disaffected or the doubtful to take oaths of allegiance to the 
 reigning monarch. The assembly-room, the private ball, the Exchange, the 
 place of worship, were made arenas for exhibition of party rancour. At church 
 the Jacobites offered negative allegiance to James III. by refusing to join in the 
 church prayers for his antagonist, George II. The following verse, since so 
 famed, was penned by John Byrom at this time : — 
 
 God bless the King ! I mean our faith's defender ! 
 God bless (no harm in blessing) the Pretender ! 
 But who Pretender is, or who is King- 
 God bless us all— that's quite another thing !
 
 1747-1749] Annals of Manchester. 87 
 
 1747. 
 
 Mr. Fowden, the Constable of Manchester, and Mr. Ogden, the younger, 
 were tried at Lancaster for high treason, but acquitted, as it was proved that 
 they acted under the compulsion of the rebels. April. 
 
 "Methodism" now began to take an organised form in the town. Some 
 young men "began a society and took a room." The " room " was a small 
 apartment in a house built upon a rock on the banks of the Irwell, on the north 
 side of Blackfriars Bridge, at the bottom of a large yard, known by the name 
 of the " Rose and Crown yard," and which was filled with wood-built thatched 
 cottages. The house containing the " preaching room" was three storeys high. 
 The ground floor was a joiner's shop ; the rooms in the middle storey were the 
 residence of a newly-married couple ; the garret was the " room," and was 
 itself also the home of a poor woman, who there plied her spinning wheel, 
 while her husband, in the same apartment, flung the shuttle. Such was the 
 cradle of Methodism in Manchester. The room being too small to hold all the 
 people, Wesley preached at the Cross. Few persons joined the society at first in 
 this town ; its members were suspected of being emissaries of the Pretender. 
 The Rev. John "Wesley himself was indecorously treated by the multitude, for, 
 preaching at Salford Cross in this year, he looked with great apprehension on 
 the " unbroken spirits" around him, one of whom threatened to " bring out the 
 engine" and play it upon him. The story of the early progress of Methodism is 
 told in Everett's Methodism in Manchester and the Neighbourhood, p. 58. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Cattell died. He was chaplain and fellow of the Collegiate 
 Church, and wrote some unpublished poems. He is the supposed author of a 
 tract on the Manchester races, 1733, and of Human Laws Obligatory upon the 
 Conscience, 1733. There is a long account of him in the Raines MSS. 
 
 1748. 
 
 Robert Duckinfield died in May, aged 63 years. He was a younger son of 
 Sir Robert Duckinfield, and was High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1741. (Baker's 
 Memorials, p. 78.) 
 
 Lewis Paul's carding machine was patented, August 30. 
 
 The town was still greatly agitated by the political controversy between 
 the friends and foes of the Hanoverian Government. This is shown in 
 Jacobite and Nonjuring Principles Examined, in a Letter to the Master 
 Tool of the Faction in Manchester, by J. Owen, &c, Manchester, 1748. The 
 writer was a Nonconformist minister at Rochdale. The pamphlet was 
 addressed to John Byrom, and ran through two editions. 
 
 1749. 
 
 Many of the unfortunate rebel "Manchester Regiment" removed from 
 Southwark Gaol for transportation, January 11. 
 
 The heads of Deacon, Syddall, and Chadwick stolen from the top of the 
 Exchange. January. 
 
 The Jacobite controversy was further continued in a volume entitled 
 Manchester Vindicated. A complete collection of the papers jiublished in 
 defence of that town, in the Chester Courant, with those on the other side of 
 the question, printed in the Manchester Magazine, or elsewhere, which are
 
 88 Annals of Manchester. [1750-1752 
 
 unanswered in the said Chester Courant. Chester : Printed by and for 
 Elizabeth Adams. 324 pages. 24mo. The publisher was the widow of Roger 
 Adams, and mother of Orion Adams, both well-known printers. The volume 
 itself contains some of Byrom's writing, and is full of curious and interesting 
 matter. 
 
 The import of cotton wool amounted to 1,658,3651b. ; the quantity retained 
 for home consumption, 1,327,3671b. 
 
 1750. 
 
 An attempt was made to introduce hackney coaches in the town, but the 
 extremities of the town being within the distance of a few minutes' walk the 
 novelty was not eagerly received, and the scheme failed as sedan-chairs were 
 generally considered preferable. 
 
 The Methodist Chapel, Birchin Lane, was built. 
 
 1751. 
 
 Hulme Hall sold by the Bland family to G. Lloyd, Esq. 
 
 Sir Oswald Mosley, lord of the manor, died. He was the eldest son of 
 Oswald Mosley of Ancoats and Rolleston, who in 1720 declined a baronetcy, 
 which was then accepted by his son. In 1693 he tried, unsuccessfully, to impose 
 a tax upon each pack of Manchester wares brought into the manor. (Mosley's 
 Family Memoirs ; Axon's Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 
 A school was endowed by Samuel, Thomas, and George Birch in the town- 
 ship of Ardwick. 
 
 1752. 
 
 The Manchester Weekly Journal, published on the first Tuesday in 
 January, by Orion Adams. Its existence was short. 
 
 Kev. Adam Banks, M.A., Fellow of the Collegiate Church, died February 
 16, aged 51. He was buried in the church, where there is a monument to his 
 memory. 
 
 Right Rev. Samuel Peploe, D.D., Bishop of Chester, died at Chester 21st 
 February. Born in Shropshire in 1668, he owed his advancement in the church 
 to his steady adherence to the House of Hanover, and to the courage and ability 
 he displayed against the Jacobites. His appointment as Warden of Manchester 
 was unsuccessfully contested by the local clergy, with whom he was always on 
 bad terms. When he resigned in favour of his son the power of the sovereign, 
 as temporary visitor of the college, reverted to the bishop, and he exercised his 
 authority. He demanded an investigal ion into the whole affairs of the college 
 from the year 1718, and entering the chapter house on a day fixed for a public 
 court of inquiry " he denounced the fellows and chaplains as void of honour, 
 void of common honesty, and void of grace, and charged them with a wilful 
 intention to wrong the college." The fellows and chaplains made submission. 
 He was buried in Chester Cathedral, over which he had presided for twenty- 
 seven years. (Foundations of Manchester, vol. ii.) 
 
 The first number of the Manchester Mercury was published by Joseph 
 Harrop, March 3. It was issued every Tuesday at the sign of the Printing 
 Press, opposite the Exchange, at number nine. This paper obtained a good 
 circulation by meeting the mail at Derby and bringing the news express to
 
 1753J 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 89 
 
 this town. The title was changed to Harrop's Manchester Mercury and 
 General Advertiser. In 1764 he issued with it a New History of England, in 
 supplements, ultimately extending to 778 pages, to encourage the sale of his 
 newspaper. In an address at the end of the work he says it cost him one 
 hundred guineas. Joseph Harrop died 20th January, 1804. The paper was 
 carried on by his son James up to his death, February 22, 1823. It was still 
 carried on until August 31, 1825, when it was sold to Mr. J. E. Taylor, who 
 changed its name to the Manchester Mercury and Ttiesdays General 
 Advertiser. The last number issued was 3,672, which appeared on the 28th 
 December, 1830, after an existence of 77 years and 10 months. The following 
 is the editorial article with which this paper was ushered into existence : "To 
 the Public,— Having been greatly encouraged to publish a weekly newspaper, 
 I lately advertised that I intended Speedily to proceed upon that design ; and 
 having now procured a new set of types to print with, I have here begun to 
 execute it. I shall take care to answer the proposals in my advertisement by 
 the contents of the paper, and a favourable reception will, I hope, enable me to 
 do it with success. Though in a time of general peace, a great dearth of 
 foreign advices may be urged as a discouragement to my undertaking at this 
 juncture ; yet the friendly excitement that I have had, and the honest desire of 
 employment in my proper calling, in the place of my nativity, are motives 
 excusable, at least for attempting in a private station, to bespeak the encourage" 
 ment of the public, to whom I propose to give all the satisfaction that I can, 
 and no just cause of offence whatsoever. Such of my countrymen and others 
 who intend me the favour of their subscriptions, shall have the paper delivered 
 at their house with all due care and expedition by, their obliged humble 
 servant, "Joseph Harrop." 
 
 A new market cross was erected from the designs of Oliver Nab. March 6. 
 
 John Wesley visited Manchester March 26. He spent three days in a 
 searching examination of the members of the Manchester Society, and found 
 reason to believe " that there was not one disorderly walker therein." 
 
 The Manchester Infirmary founded. It owes its origin more particularly 
 to Mr. Joseph Bancroft, and Mr. Charles White, an eminent surgeon. The 
 first house to carry on the purpose of the charity was in Garden Street, 
 Shudehill, and was opened June 24. 
 
 The time of holding Acres Fair was changed from the 20th and 21st of 
 September to the 1st and 2nd of October. 
 
 Sacred Trinity Chapel, Salford, taken down and rebuilt as a stone edifice of 
 the Doric order, with a Gothic steeple, having six bells, and a clock with four 
 faces. 
 
 1753. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Deacon died February 16. He lies buried beneath a tomb near 
 the north-east corner of St. Ann's churchyard, with the following inscription : 
 " Here lie interred the remains (which through mortality are at present corrupt, 
 but which shall one day surely be raised again to immortality and put on 
 incorruption) of Thomas Deacon, the greatest of sinners and most unworthy of 
 primitive bishops, who died 16th February, 1753, in the 56th year of his age." 
 He was one of the obscure sect of Nonjurors, amongst whom he was a bishop,
 
 90 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [175 J 
 
 but practised with success as a physician. He founded for himself an episcopal 
 chapel in Manchester, which he styled "The True British Catholic Church.", 
 He published a Collection of Devotions and some writings in defence of the 
 Nonjurors. (Sutton's Notice of Dr. Deacon, 1879.) His library was sold by 
 auction March 19. 
 
 Mr. James Bayley, senior, died April 6. He was taken prisoner by the 
 Pretender in 1745. 
 
 The Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company issued the following advertise- 
 ment, April 27 : " The proprietors of the rivers Mersey and Irwell give notice 
 that they will for the future carry goods and merchandise for those persons 
 who employ their flats, in summer as well as winter, at the following prices, 
 viz., from Bank Key to the key at Manchester at 6d. per hundred, from the 1st 
 of May to the 11th of November ; and at 7d. per hundred, from the 11th of 
 November to the 1st of May ; and from the key at Manchester to Bank Key at 
 4d. per hundred at all times. N.B. — There are good convenient warehouses at 
 both keys, and great care will be taken of all goods that come up or go down 
 that river." 
 
 May 8. Coach to be hired by Joseph Barrett, or Mr. Hanforth. in Market 
 Street Lane, Manchester — may constantly be heard of to carry passengers to 
 any part of England at the most reasonable rate. — Harrop's Mercury. 
 
 The shock of an earthquake was felt at Manchester June 8. 
 
 The foundation stone of St Mary's Church was laid by the Revs. Messrs. 
 Assheton, Moss, and Foxley, July 16. The Act for building the church is 
 26 George II. cap. 45. 
 
 The Theatre, in Marsden Street, built, and opened December 3; finally 
 closed May 12, 1775. The first place employed as a theatre was a temporary 
 structure of timber at the bottom of King Street. 
 
 Sir Oswald Mosley executed a deed of conveyance of land for the erection 
 of the Infirmary. December 4. 
 
 A man named Grindret, or Grindrod, poisoned his wife and two children, 
 September 15 ; executed at Lancaster, and gibbeted at the end of Cross Lane, 
 Pendleton. An amusing story of his alleged "ghost" forms the subject of one 
 of Ainsworth's ballads. 
 
 In a trial at Lancaster between the warden and fellows of the Collegiate 
 Church and the weavers, the former demanding 4d. each loom in lieu of tithes, 
 at Easter, a verdict was given for the weavers. 
 
 Rev. John Wesley visited Manchester. 
 
 A cotton reel invented by Mr. Earnshaw was destroyed. 
 
 From this year until the end of 1757 the price of food was unusually high. 
 
 1754. 
 
 The Manchester Journal, No. 1, issued March 2. It was printed by J. 
 Schofield and M. Turnbull (brother to the original publisher of this paper in 
 1736), Fountain Court, at the back of the Exchange, and was sold at their shop, 
 Deansgate, every Saturday morning. No price is mentioned. It was discon- 
 tinued in 1756. 
 
 The passing of the Marriage Act led to the discontinuance of the solemnisa- 
 tion of marriage at St. Ann's Church. The last one under the old law was 
 celebrated March 19.
 
 755-1756] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 91 
 
 The first stone of the Manchester Infirmary was laid by Mr. Miles Bower, 
 sen., May 20. The institution was opened in 1755. Upwards of £4,000 was 
 expended on the erection. 
 
 The "flying coach " between Manchester and London occupied four days 
 and a half in the journey. 
 
 A school and school-house were erected and endowed by Mr; Thos. Fletcher, 
 in Levenshulme. It was rebuilt in 1824. 
 
 A remarkable phenomenon, " resembling a large ball of fire, with a tail to 
 it, was seen hovering in the air." It was probably a comet. 
 
 1755. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Johnson, of Manchester, was appointed High Sheriff January 27. 
 
 Mr. James Hilton, sen. (commonly called Captain Hilton), died at his house 
 in Shudehill, February 9. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Samuel Mynshull, of Chorlton Hall, died February 28. 
 
 Mr. Jeremiah Bowers, a hatter, died, leaving a fortune of £40,000. 
 
 An interesting tract, entitled Friendly Advice to the Poor, "was written 
 and published at the request of the late and present officers of the town of 
 Manchester," by the Eev. John Clayton, A.M. It gives some curious informa- 
 tion as to the social condition of the town, and especially of the poorer classes, 
 at this period. A reply to it appeared under the title of Sequel to the Friendly 
 Advice to the Poor of Manchester, by Joseph Stot, Cobbler. It is uncertain 
 whether this name indicates a veritable son of St. Crispin or is only a pseu- 
 donym, but the latter seems the more probable. 
 
 1756. 
 
 Mr. Miles Bower, hatter, and one of the constables of the town, died Feb. 23. 
 
 The war against France was popular, and its proclamation was celebrated 
 by a public procession, June 5. 
 
 Sir Thomas Grey Egerton, M.P. for Newton, died at Heaton House, July 8. 
 
 The effigy of Admiral Byng was carried through the town with a halter 
 about its neck, and an inscription on its back. In the evening it was shot. 
 September 17. 
 
 St. Mary's Church, situated between the river Irwell and the higher part 
 of Deansgate, was consecrated September 29. It is a Doric edifice, with a spire 
 steeple 186 feet high. The ornamental pulpit in this church was the gift of the 
 congregation to the Rev. John Gatliffe, M.A., fellow of the Collegiate Church, 
 the first rector ; and the organ was the gift of Mr. Holland Ackers. 
 
 Rev. William Shrigley died November 1, aged 62. He was chaplain of the 
 Collegiate Church. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Foxley, on the death of the Rev. John GatlifFe, 
 fellow of the Collegiate Church, was presented to the rectory of St. Mary's, 
 November 13. 
 
 By the first attempt at an enumeration of the population of Manchester 
 and Salford there were estimated to be 19,839 persons in the two towns. 
 
 Cotton velvets are said to have been first made at Bolton by Mr. 
 Clarke.
 
 92 Annals of Manchester. [1757-1759 
 
 As the result of an action by the warden and fellows of the Collegiate 
 Church against the Traffords of TrafFord, the chapter recovered certain leases 
 which had been improperly granted. 
 
 The Manchester Circulating Library was instituted. 
 
 1757. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Houghton, J.P., a feoffee of Chetham's Hospital, and formerly 
 Governor of the Isle of Man, died at his house in Deansgate, March 18. 
 
 A serious food riot occurred at Shudehill. Four of the rioters killed 
 and fifteen wounded. This disturbance was known as the "Shudehill 
 Fight." Earlier in the day the rioters destroyed a cornmill at Clayton. 
 November 15. 
 
 Mr. James Bayley, junior, was appointed High Sheriff. 
 
 Sir Oswald Mosley, second baronet, lord of the manor, died, and was suc- 
 ceeded by the Rev. Sir John Mosley. (See under date 1779.) 
 
 Samuel Birch, J.P., died at Ardwick. 
 
 Rev. Henry Brook, M.A., Fellow of the Collegiate Church, died. He wrote 
 on Christian Peaceableness, 1741. There is a notice of him in the Dictionary 
 of National Biography. 
 
 A Celt and Roman bulla of gold found in deepening the canal near the 
 econd lock of the Irwell. 
 
 1758. 
 
 Mr. Robert Booth, of Salford, died June 21. 
 
 Lewis Paul's improved spinning machine was patented. June 29. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Newton, bookseller, died. 
 
 Ellen Hayfield died at the reputed age of 104 years. 
 
 32 George II. cap. 61. Act for discharging the inhabitants of the town of 
 Manchester from the custom of grinding their corn and grain, except malt, at 
 certain water cornmills in the said town called the School Mills, and for 
 making a proper recompense to the feoffees of such mills. 
 
 The first carriage set up in Manchester by any person actually in business 
 was that of Madame Drake, who lived in Long Millgate. 
 
 1759. 
 
 Mr. Peter "Worsley died at Piatt Hall, January 17. 
 
 Mr. Peter Antrobus, governor of Chetham's Hospital, died June 19. 
 
 The Duke of Bridgewater obtained an act (32 George II. cap. 2) to enable 
 him to cut a navigable canal from Worsley to Salford, near Manchester, and 
 to carry the same to or near Hollins Ferry, in the County of Lancaster. 
 
 The capture of Quebec was celebrated by public illuminations, &c, 
 October 23. 
 
 Rev. John Wesley visited Manchester. In his diary he says : " Wretched 
 magistrates, by refusing to suppress, had encouraged the rioters, and had long 
 occasioned tumults, but some were now of a better spirit." 
 
 In this year oats were 2s. the bushel of 451b., wheat 5s. the bushel of 701b., 
 meal 20s. the load, "jannock" 151b. for Is., malt 23s. the load, a goose cost 15d., 
 cheese about 3d. the pound, beef 2d. the pound, neck of mutton 9d., land 40s. 
 or 45s. the Cheshire acre ; a weaver's cottage, with a two-loom shop, rented at 
 40s. or 45s. the year.
 
 1760-1761] Annals of Manchester. 93 
 
 1760. 
 
 The flying machines from Manchester to London occupied three days in the 
 journey, which was " performed, if God permit, by John Hanforth, Matthew 
 Howe, Samuel Glanville, and William Richardson. Fare, inside, £2 5s. ; out- 
 side, half price." March 3. 
 
 33 George II. cap 2. Act to enable the most noble Francis Duke of Bridge- 
 water to make a navigable cut or canal from or near Worsley Mill, over the 
 river Irwell, to the town of Manchester, and to or near Longford Bridge, in the 
 township of Stretford. 24th March. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Crouchley, one of the fellows of the Collegiate Church, 
 died June 1. 
 
 A musical entertainment was given in the garden of the Infirmary. The 
 proceeds were added to the funds of the charity, June 18. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Moss died at Crumpsall, 17th July. He was born in 1712, and 
 was author of a Sermon at the Collegiate Church, Manchester, for the support 
 of the Infirmary, 1754. (Manchester Foundations, ii., 305J 
 September. Barton Aqueduct commenced. (See 1761.) 
 The races on Kersal Moor, after fifteen years' disuse, were renewed Oct. 1. 
 (Procter's Our Turf, &c.) 
 
 The manufacture and dyeing of ginghams, damasks, moreens, &c. was 
 greatly improved by the inventions of Mr. Mather. 
 
 There was a theatre held at the Riding School, Salford, at this time. 
 Manchester began to be famous for its cotton manufacture. The entire 
 value of the cotton goods made was £200,000 per annum. 
 
 About this period, according to Aikin, the manufacturers of this town 
 began to treat their apprentices in a somewhat different manner to what they 
 had hitherto done. The apprentices had allotted to them the use of a back 
 parlour, with a fire, and had tea twice a day. It had been usual for the manu- 
 facturer and his apprentices to be in the warehouse by six in the morning ; at 
 seven they had breakfast, which consisted of one large dish of oatmeal porridge 
 and another of milk ; each with a wooden spoon in his hand, without loss of 
 time dipped into the dish, and thence into the milk pan, and as soon as it was 
 finished they all returned to their work. At this period the dinner hour in 
 Manchester was twelve o'clock, and ladies paid afternoon visits at two, and 
 then repaired to the four o'clock prayers at the Old Church. 
 
 The drop box invented by Robert Kay, of Bury, son of the inventor of the 
 picking peg, or fly shuttle, about this date. 
 
 1761. 
 
 The first English " Navigation Canal," extending from Worsley to Man- 
 chester, was opened, June 17. Its originator, the Duke of Bridgewater, is rightly 
 called " The Father of Inland Navigation in England." 
 
 Mrs. Dorothy Byrom died at Kersall Cell in her 81st year. September. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Foxley, M.A., died at Manchester, October 17. He was born 
 in Manchester, October, 1714, and was a fellow of the Collegiate Church, and first 
 rector at St. Mary's Church. He was the author of a consecration sermon on 
 The Antiquity and Importance of Public Worship, 1750.
 
 94 Annals of Manchester, [1762-1763 
 
 The coronation of George III. was celebrated with great rejoicings. He 
 was proclaimed at the Market Cross, 4th November. 
 
 Edward Crane was the author of Poetical Miscellanies, published at Man- 
 chester this year. Nothing appears to be known of his personal history, and 
 the book, though curious— it includes a tragedy on the crime of Miss Blandy 
 the parricide— does not possess any merit. 
 
 The first Blackfriars Bridge was built of wood by a company of comedians, 
 for the purpose of enabling the inhabitants of Manchester the more readily to 
 cross the river to the Riding School in Water Street, Salford, which they occu- 
 pied as a theatre. 
 
 Cannon Street Independent Chapel was erected. John Byrom records in 
 his Diary that the Rev. John Newton, on the 20th April, 1762, came to Man- 
 chester " upon account of the opening of the new Meeting (i.e., Meeting House) 
 at the upper end of this Croft to-morrow and to see some Ministers and friends 
 with whom he was acquainted." Byrom's house was at the corner of Hunter's 
 Lane and Hanging Ditch, near the Old Church. By the "Croft" is meant 
 Cannon Street, of which Hunter's Croft was the old name. The first minister 
 was the Rev. Caleb Warhurst. 
 
 Rev. John "Wesley visited Manchester. 
 
 1762. 
 
 The Manchester Chronicle; or, Anderton's Universal Advertiser, came out 
 in June. It was printed and published by Thomas Anderton, at the Shak- 
 spere's Head, near the Market Cross. The price was 2d. 
 
 Riots were renewed, in consequence of the high price of corn. July. 
 
 The secret of dyeing turkey-red introduced by John Wilson, of Ainsworth. 
 
 Rev. John Wesley visited Manchester. 
 
 The weighing machine at Alport Town erected. 
 
 The declaration of war against the King of Spain was proclaimed in the 
 Market Place by Thomas Chadwick, the boroughreeve, who was attended by a 
 procession of magistrates. 
 
 1763. 
 
 The parish registers record the baptism of John, son of William Jordan, 
 callique printer, of Little Green, September 4th. This Mr. Jordan is said to 
 have been the first calico printer in the district. A notice of his house and 
 descendants is given in the Palatine Note-book, vol. iv., p. 140. 
 
 John Byrom, M.A., F.R.S., died September 26. He was born at Kersal in 
 1691. His father, a linen draper of Manchester, sent him to Cambridge, where 
 he graduated M.A. and became Fellow of Trinity College ; but declining to 
 take orders he resigned this provision, and soon after married his cousin, Miss 
 Elizabeth Byrom, against the consent of both families. Being without a 
 profession, and pressed by the res angustm domi, he repaired to the 
 metropolis, and supported himself by teaching shorthand, of which he had 
 invented the best system then before the public. In 1723 he was elected a 
 fellow of the Royal Society, and in the following year he succeeded, by the death 
 of his elder brother, to the family estate, whenhe returned to Manchester, where 
 he remained till his death. Byrom was a mystic, but a man of wit as well as
 
 1763] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 9; 
 
 virtue. Two posthumous editions of his Poems have appeared, and they are 
 also included in Chalmers's collection of the English Poets. Byrom is compara- 
 tively unknown at the present day, but his Colin and Phoebe was once one of 
 the most popular pieces in the language, and his carol of Christians, Awake! is 
 still so. His diary, written in his own shorthand, has been deciphered and 
 published by the Chetham Society, and is valuable for its local information and 
 for the glimpses it gives of the literary life of London and Cambridge in the 
 early part of last century. 
 
 The Rev. Charles Downes, fellow of the Collegiate Church, died October 28. 
 
 " Last week a very curious and elegant clock, made by Mr. Hindley, of 
 York, was compleatly finished and affixed in our collegiate church. It is 
 allowed, by all judges, to be the best constructed thing of the kind ever seen in 
 this country, and gives great satisfaction to the whole parish." (Harrop's 
 Mercury, Dec. 13.) 
 
 Mr. Thomas Percival died at Royton Hall. He was born at Royton Hall, 1st 
 September, 1719. He was the author of A Letter occasioned by the late Disputes 
 betwixt the Check-Makers of Manchester and their Weavers, Halifax, 1759 ; 
 and was probably the author of A Letter to the Clergy of Manchester occasioned 
 by Mr. Oiven's Remarks on Deacon, etc., 1748. His genealogical and antiquarian 
 papers remain in MS. 
 
 The Lancashire Magazine was published and printed by T. Anderton, at 
 the Shakspere's Head, near the Market Cross. 
 
 Buildings were erected as a workhouse in Miller's Lane, and also a prison, 
 but were eventually taken down. 
 
 A project which was called the " Chorlton Rant " suggested that 
 Manchester should be a borough, under a royal charter. It was proposed that 
 the corpoiation should consist of one-third of High Churchmen, one-third of 
 Low Churchmen, and the other third of Protestant Dissenters. But the High 
 Churchmen anticipating a union of the other two-thirds, and " not liking that 
 the mace should be taken on Sunday to a conventicle," opposed the bill, and 
 celebrated their success with great exultation. This victory of party spirit was 
 a misfortune for the town, which had now outgrown its antiquated form of 
 local government. 
 
 Bleaching was generally introduced into the district about this date. 
 
 The first spinning jenny is said to have been constructed by Thomas Highs, 
 a reed maker, at Leigh, and so named after his beloved and favourite daughter, 
 Jane. There has been much controversy as to the origin of the various cotton 
 machines. (Espinasse's Lancashire Worthies). 
 
 In this year only eight Hats (vessels so called) were employed in the trade 
 between Manchester and Liverpool. 
 
 The trust deed for the Wesleyan Chapel in Manchester provided that 
 " during their lifetime Wesley, his brother, and Grimshaw, of Haworth, and 
 others should have the use of the said chapel ; and that, after their death, the 
 trustees should permit such persons to preach in it as were appointed by the 
 yearly conference, provided always that such persons preach no other doctrine 
 than is contained in Wesley's Notes upon the New Testa <n< nt, and his four 
 volumes of sermons ; and provided also that they preach ■ evenings in the
 
 96 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1764-1765 
 
 week, and at five o'clock on each morning following." (Tyerman's Life of 
 Wesley, vol. ii., p. 478.) 
 
 British muslins, both striped and plain, were first manufactured by Mr. 
 Shaw, at Anderton, near Chorley, though with small success, from the deficient 
 supply of yarn. 
 
 The first cotton quiltings were made by Joseph Shaw, of Bolton. 
 
 1764. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Bayley, of Hope Hall, died May 14. He was the son of James 
 Bayley, senior, and was born October 13, 1699. He was a deputy-lieutenant for 
 the county, a trustee of Cross Street Chapel, and gave £100 for apprenticing 
 poor Protestant dissenting children, to be held on the same trust as the money 
 given by Ann Butterworth. He married for his first wife Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Nathaniel Gaskell. Her sister was the mother of Robert Lord Clive, who in 
 his boyhood used to live at Hope and attend the Cross Street Chapel. By his 
 second wife Daniel was father of Thomas Butterworth Bayley. 
 
 Bev. Richard Assheton, fellow of the Collegiate Church, died July 6. 
 
 The anniversary meeting of the " ancient and respectable Corporation of 
 Ardwick" was held, when William Clowes was chosen mayor for the year 
 ensuing, in the place of Thomas Birch, late mayor ; and John Peploe Birch and 
 Joshua Marriott were elected aldermen, October 31. This was something in 
 the nature of a social club or mock corporation, of which there were several in 
 the county. This survived into the present century, and is perhaps not even 
 yet extinct. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Harrop, proprietor of the Manchester Mercury, gave in weekly 
 numbers A New History of England of 778 pages, to encourage the sale of his 
 newspaper. In an address at the end of the work, Mr. Harrop says it cost him 
 one hundred guineas. 
 
 Calico printing introduced into Lancashire by Messrs. Clayton, of Bamber 
 Bridge, near Preston. 
 
 4 George III. cap. 73. Act to enable the warden and fellows of the College 
 of Christ, in Manchester, for the time being, to grant leases of the glebe lands 
 belonging to the said college. 
 
 The foreign cotton markets began to be opened. At this time the trade of 
 Manchester was greatly pushed by the practice of sending outriders for orders 
 all over the kingdom, carrying with them patterns in bags. 
 
 1765. 
 
 Rev. Benjamin Nicholls, M.A., died at Eccles, June. He was curate of 
 St. Ann's. His thanksgiving sermon on the suppression of the rebellion was 
 printed in 1746, and he was appointed to the vicarage of Eccles in March, 1747. 
 Some others of his sermons have been printed. (Bardsley's Memorials and 
 Harland's Ancient Parish of Eccles, 1864.) 
 
 The Rev. Richard Clowes, fellow of the Collegiate Church, died June 29, 
 aged 29 years, having been a fellow only one month and six days. 
 
 St. Paul's Church, Turner Street, consecrated July 28. It was known as 
 St. Paul's Chapel. Considerably enlarged and again consecrated in 1778. It 
 was re-erected at New Cross in 1880.
 
 1766-1767] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 97 
 
 Rev. Caleb Warhurst died 5th November. He was the first minister of the 
 Congregational Church in Cannon Street, then called Hunter's Croft. He is 
 described as " a man of fervent piety, exemplary character, loving spirit, and 
 incessant labour." (Halley's Lancashire, p. 519.) 
 
 A Lunatic Hospital and Asylum was erected adjoining the Infirmary. 
 
 A weaving factory was erected in Manchester by Mr. Gartside. 
 
 5 George III. cap. 81. Act for cleansing and lighting the streets, lanes, and 
 passages within the towns of Manchester and Salford, and for providing fire 
 engines and firemen, and for preventing annoyances within the said towns. 
 
 The Methodist Conference held in Manchester, under the presidency of the 
 Rev. John Wesley. 
 
 1766. 
 
 The Manchester Assembly was held on January 29th, so as not to clash 
 with the "Anniversary of the Martyrdom of Charles the First." The assemblies 
 were, however, kept up during Lent, "except during Passion Week," when 
 they were postponed until Easter Tuesday. (Palatine Note-book, vol. ii., 
 p. 276.) 
 
 Dr. Peploe, warden of Manchester, preached a charity sermon in aid of the 
 funds of the Manchester Infirmary, April 21. Sermons were preached simul- 
 taneously at the other churches and chapels of the neighbourhood. This 
 Hospital Sunday appears to have been confined to the Established Church. 
 The collections amounted to £164 Is. l^d. 
 
 St. Thomas's Church, Pendleton, erected at the expense of Mr. Samuel 
 Brierley. It was originally occupied by the Wesleyan Methodists, but was 
 consecrated July 26. The Rev. Mr. Pedley was appointed minister. 
 
 Sir Ralph Assheton, Bart., lord of the manor of Middleton, died. The title 
 became extinct. The manor of Middleton came into the possession of Lord 
 Suffield, who had married the eldest daughter and co-heir of Sir Ralph. 
 
 The Lunatic Asylum opened for the reception of patients. 
 
 1767. 
 
 Mr. Edward Betts, the organist of the Collegiate Church, Manchester, died 18 
 April, 1767. He wrote an Introduction to the Skill of Music, 1724. (Manchester 
 Foundations, ii., 259.) 
 
 Mr. John Wainwright appointed organist of the Collegiate Church, 
 May 12. 
 
 The following advertisement appeared in Harrop's Manchester Mercury 
 of May 19: "Any gentleman, or lady, wanting to purchase a Black Boy, 12 
 years of age, with a good character, has had the smallpox and measles. Who- 
 ever this will suit, may, by applying to the Higher Swan and Saracen's Head, in 
 Market Street Lane, Manchester, meet with a Proper Person to deal with them 
 on reasonable terms." (Palatine Note-book, vol. i., p. 111.) 
 
 The Manchester Mercury, July 6, announces the death, "on Sunday last" 
 (either July 5 or June 28), of Allen Vigor, an eminent attorney. He was made 
 Master Extraordinary in Chancery in 1758. (Manchester Guardian Local Not, s 
 and Queries, 1239.) The lady who is supposed to have been his sister-in-law, 
 Mrs. William Vigor, was the writer of Letters from a Lady who A\ sid> d many
 
 98 Annals of Manchester. [1768-1769 
 
 years in Russia, 1775, which are highly commended by Nichols. (Literary 
 Anecdotes, vol. iii., p. 209.) 
 
 A flood occurred October 8. 
 
 An additional burial ground was acquired in the place called Back o' th' 
 Church. It adjoined the College garden, and was closed in February, 17S8. 
 
 The Manchester Agricultural Society was founded. 
 
 The spinning jenny improved upon by James Hargreaves, of Blackburn. 
 He was the inventor of the crank and comb, an engine of singular merit for 
 facilitating the progress of carding cotton. 
 
 1768. 
 
 Mr. John Wainwright, who was appointed organist of the Collegiate Church, 
 May 12, 1767, died in January. He composed the tune to Byrom's " Christians, 
 Awake !" (Manchester Guardian Local Notes, No. 259 ; City News Notes 
 and Queries, i., 231.) 
 
 The shock of an earthquake was felt at Manchester, February 2. 
 
 The first stone of St. John's Church laid by Edward Byrom, April 28. This 
 church, situated between Higher and Lower Byrom Street, is a modern Gothic 
 structure, with a tower steeple, containing a musical peal of eight bells, and a 
 clock which faces four ways. The church was founded by Edward Byrom, and 
 consecrated July 7, 1769. By the Act of Parliament for building this church, 
 the presentation of the first and second incumbents was vested in the founder 
 and his heirs. A petition was signed by many of the inhabitants for presenta- 
 tion to the House of Lords in favour of the bill for the erection of St. John's. 
 It is printed in the Palatine Note-book, vol. iv., p. 81. 
 
 Christian VII., King of Denmark, visited Manchester, and lodged at the 
 Bull's Head, in the Market Place, September 2. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Butterworth Bayley, of Hope Hall, appointed high sheriff. 
 
 1769. 
 
 Cornet Roger Aytoun (better known as " Spanking Roger"), of Inchdarnie, 
 Fifeshire, was married to Mrs. Barbara Mynshull, of Chorlton Hall, February 
 2nd. He died in 1810. The lady, whose estates he thus acquired, was greatly 
 his senior. 
 
 Edward Chetham, of Turton, Clayton, and Smedley, and the last direct 
 male descendant of that family, died February 19, and was buried in the 
 Chetham Chapel in the Collegiate Church. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Byrom, sister to Dr. Byrom, died in her 86th year, Feb. 24. 
 
 Mr. Richard Arkwright took out his first patent for the making of mule 
 yarn by means of rollers, and erected a mill at Nottingham. 3rd July. 
 
 Sir Thomas Egerton, of Heaton, married, at Middleton, to Miss Eleanora 
 Assheton, one of the co-heiresses of Sir Ralph Assheton, of Middleton, Sept. 12. 
 
 9 George III. cap. 60. Act to enable Edward Byrom, Esq., to complete 
 a building intended for a new church (St. John's, Deansgate) in the town of 
 Manchester, and for making the same a perpetual cure and benefice, and for 
 other purposes. 8th November. 
 
 Rev. John Seddon, M.A., died 22nd November. He was born at Lomax 
 Fold, near Bolton, and was educated at the University of Glasgow. In 1739 he
 
 1770-1771] Annals of Manchester. 99 
 
 became assistant-minister at Cross Street Chapel, and was the first to preach 
 Unitarian doctrine in that place. He married a daughter of Rev. J. Motters- 
 head. He is buried under the vestry. He was the author of Discourses on 
 the Person of Christ, 1793. (Baker's Memorials, p. 143.) 
 
 The Rev. John Clowes was presented to the rectory of St. John's by 
 Edward Byrom in December. 
 
 The painted windows of St. John's Church were executed by William 
 Peckett, of York. 
 
 Mr. Doming Rasbotham was appointed High Sheriff. 
 
 10 George III. cap. 51. Act to enable the trustees of the estates devised by 
 William Hulme, Esq., to grant building leases thereof, and to increase the 
 number of exhibitioners in Brasennose College, Oxford, founded by the said 
 testator, and for other purposes therein mentioned. 
 
 1770. 
 
 Sarah Barlow died at the reputed age of 101 years, September 16. 
 
 The peal of bells cast by Lester and Pack, of Whitechapel, for St. John's 
 Church, Deansgate, rung for the first time 30th November. 
 
 The health of the district was affected by an epidemic of ulcerous sore 
 throat. 
 
 A day school was attached to St. John's Church, and, besides being 
 endowed by Mr. Edward Byrom, was aided by other gifts, as well as by the 
 olfertory money. 
 
 The first volume of Whitaker's History of Manchester was published. 
 The second appeared in 1775. 
 
 A "Subscription Library for Promoting General Knowledge" was estab- 
 lished. It was revived in 1802. 
 
 The Gentlemen's Concert Club was originated at a tavern in the Market 
 Place. (See under dates 1775 and 1S31.) 
 
 The manufacture of ginghams, &c, was greatly improved by the inven- 
 tions of Mr. Meadowcroft. 
 
 1771. 
 
 Sir Ashton Lever, of Alkrington, appointed high sheriff. February. 
 
 The Rev. Radclyffe Russell, rector of Easingwold, in Yorksbire, died, at his 
 house in Manchester, March 21. 
 
 PrescoWs Manchester Journal, No. 1, was issued. It was printed and 
 published every Saturday by John Prescott, in Old Millgate ; price 2d. Mar. 23. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Mottershead died Nov. 4. He was born near Stockport, Aug_ 
 17, 1688, and was ordained as a Nonconformist minister at the age of twenty. 
 After preaching at Kingsley and Nantwich— where Matthew Henry died at his 
 house— he succeeded Mr. Birch at Cross Street. He was buried at the chapel 
 near Mr. Newcome's grave. There is a portrait of him in Sir Thomas Baker's 
 Memorials, p. 27. He is the author of Religious Education begun and carried 
 on in Three Catechisms, 1748, and other works. (Ibid., 142.) 
 
 In December a notice was issued : " With the approbation and concurrence 
 of the magistrates, we, the boroughreeves and constables, request the shop- 
 keepers and innholders of this town, who have not already taken down their
 
 100 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1772 
 
 signs, to do the same as soon as possible, and place them against the walls of 
 their houses, as they have been long and justly complained of as nuisances. 
 They obstruct the free passage of the air, annoy the passengers in wet weather, 
 darken the streets, etc., all which inconvenience will be prevented by a com- 
 pliance with our request, and be manifestly productive both of elegance and 
 utility. Thomas Scott, Benjamin Bower, John Bell." The natural result ot 
 this request was the entire removal, in most cases, of the obnoxious sign- 
 boards, and the adoption of numbered houses. Manchester was the first in 
 the country, after London, to fall upon this device. (Bardsley's Memorials, 
 p. 402.) 
 
 Mr. Richard Arkwright erected a mill at Cromford, Derbyshire. 
 
 1772. 
 
 Daniel Newton, a native of Oldham, who was apprenticed to a grocer in 
 Manchester, made a vow to eat only bread and water from March to October. 
 A clergyman having vainly tried to persuade him from this course of action, 
 his master, in September, sent the boy to the Lunatic Asylum, then forming 
 part of the Infirmary. From thence the clergyman obtained his release, and 
 on being taken home he fell into a sleep which lasted for six weeks. In this 
 trance he had visions of another world. Such is the narrative given in 
 Walker's Extraordinary Warnings from the Invisible World, which is 
 quoted in the Manchester Guardian Local Notes and Queries No. 1237. 
 
 John Wesley visited Manchester April 5. He " drank tea at Am. O." (pro- 
 bably Adam Oldham's), and remarks : " But how was I shocked ! The children 
 that used to cling about me, and drink in every word, had been at a boarding 
 school. There they had unlearned all religion, and even seriousness, and had 
 learned pride, vanity, affectation, and whatever could guard them against the 
 knowledge and love of God. Methodist parents who would send your girls 
 headlong to hell, send them to a fashionable boarding school." (Tyerman's 
 Life of Wesley, vol. iii., p. 120.) 
 
 Mr. James Brindley died at his house, Turnhurst, near Golden Hill, Stafford- 
 shire, in his fifty-sixth year, September 27. The life of this famous engineer 
 has been graphically told by Dr. Samuel Smiles in his Lives of the Engineers. 
 To his skill and genius was due the successful construction of the Bridge- 
 water Canal, which had so important an influence upon the fortunes of 
 Lancashire. 
 
 Passage boats were established by the Duke of Bridgewater. They carried 
 passengers upon his canal from Manchester to within two miles of Warrington. 
 October 1. 
 
 Mr. Robert Whitworth died Oct. 27. He was for many years a well-known 
 printer, and was the publisher and proprietor of the Manchester Magazine. 
 
 Mr. Jeremiah Clarke, the inventor of cotton velvet, died at Bolton, 
 December 9. 
 
 Mr. John Lees, a Quaker, of Manchester, invented the feeder in the 
 manufacture of cotton. 
 
 Mr. John Kay, of Bury, received a present of 200 guineas from the Man- 
 chester manufacturers for his invention of a double jenny, which was exhibited 
 in the Exchange.
 
 1773] 
 
 Annals of Manchester, 
 
 101 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Raffalrl, author of The Experienced English Housekeeper, 
 published the first Manchester and Salford Directory. (See under date 1781.) 
 
 A police office was first established at Manchester on the recommendation of 
 Sir John Fielding. It was opened at the offices of Messrs. Chippendall and 
 Milne, in Bow Street. 
 
 1773. 
 
 The Duke of Bridgewater's Canal locks at Runcorn opened. The rise from 
 the river Mersey was 90 feet. January 10. 
 
 A comedy was performed, entitled The Generous Rival; or, Beauty in 
 Distress, written by a gentleman of Manchester. It was founded upon a story 
 which was related at the Debating Society's room, at the Angel Inn, Market 
 Place. Marcb 1. 
 
 Philip Astley, the equestrian, paid his first professional visit to Man- 
 chester, of which town he claimed to be a native, March 2. Astley is generally 
 regarded as a native of Newcastle, but he had relations in Manchester. 
 
 Helen Holker abjured the Protestant faith at the Maison des Nouvelles 
 Catholiques, Rouen, April 13. She was then 14, and was the daughter of 
 Laurence Holker, of Manchester. (Palatine JVofc book, vol. iv., p. 135.) See 
 under date 1780 for notice of tbe Lancashii'e Holkevs settled in France. 
 
 Mr. Edward Byrom, the founder of St. John's Church, died April 19, aged 49 
 years. Mr. Byrom was a zealous Churchman, and much attached to ^11 its 
 ceremonies. He gave a silver mace to be carried before the officiating clergy- 
 man, from tbe vestry to tbe reading desk, and from tbe preacher's pew to the 
 pulpit. He was the son of Jobn Byrom, F.R.S. 
 
 An enumeration of the houses and inhabitants of the town and parish of 
 Manchester was made from an actual survey, and deposited by Rev. John 
 Whitaker, April 27, in the College Library. The total of the enumeration was 
 as follows : — 
 
 
 Houses. 
 
 Families. 
 
 Males. 
 
 Females. 
 
 Married. 
 
 Wives. 
 
 Widows. 
 
 
 3,402 
 
 866 
 
 2,371 
 
 5,317 
 1,099 
 
 2.525 
 
 10.54S 
 2,248 
 
 6,942 
 
 11,933 
 2,517 
 
 6.S44 
 
 7,721 
 1,775 
 
 432 
 
 89 
 
 1,064 
 14J 
 
 
 The Russian Princess Czartoriski, Duchess of Oldenburgh, visited Man- 
 chester, May 21. 
 
 A stage coach now ran from the Spread Eagle, Salford, to Liverpool, on 
 Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and returned on Tuesday, Thursday, and 
 Saturday. May 24. 
 
 No. 1 of a History of Manchester was published. It was announced to be 
 completed in twenty-two numbers, 8vo, at (id. each, and with a supplement, in 
 thirty-six numbers, 4to, at 6d. each, and to be sold by Harrop, Newton, and 
 Clarke. June. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Clowes, of Broughton Hall, died at Smedley, July 31. 
 
 Francis Reynolds, of Strange ways Hall, M.P. for Lancaster, Clerk of the 
 Crown, and Provost Marshal of Barbadoes, died August 8. He was the father 
 of the first Lord Ducie.
 
 102 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1774 
 
 The Rev. John Clayton, fellow of the Collegiate Church, and known as the 
 " Jacobite Churchman," died on the 25th of September. He was the son of 
 William Clayton, a bookseller in Manchester, was born in 1709, and educated 
 at the Grammar School and at Brazennose College, Oxford. In 1732 he was 
 introduced to Wesley, and became a prominent member of the Oxford 
 Methodists. In 1733 he left Oxford and came to Manchester. In 1740 he was 
 appointed one of the chaplains, and in 1760 elected a fellow of the Collegiate 
 Church. He distinguished* himself as the master of a private academy in 
 Salford, and his pupils erected in the Cathedral a monument to his memory. 
 He was the author of Friendly Advice to the Poor, published in 1755. 
 
 Mr. George Williamson, who had been a chorister and singing man for 70 
 years at the Collegiate Church, died, aged 84. September. 
 
 Mrs. Bent's Charity was founded December 31. It consists of the interest 
 of £50 to be given to poor housekeepers. 
 
 A crank and comb to take wool from the cards in a continuous fleece was 
 invented about this time by either James Hargreaves or Richard Arkwright. 
 
 A considerable amount of annoyance and difficulty felt in relation to the 
 currency of bank notes for small amounts. 
 
 The "Diligence" coach left Manchester for Liverpool at six a.m., and the 
 passengers breakfasted at Irlam, dined at Warrington, drank tea at Prescot, 
 and reached Liverpool at nightfall. 
 
 Mr. Otho Cooke, one of the feoffees of Chetham's Hospital, and many years 
 treasurer of the Infirmary, died. 
 
 1774. 
 
 A cattle market was established in Salford, and held at the same place as 
 the fair. February 26. 
 
 " On Friday last Rebecca Mee, of Manchester, single woman, was convicted 
 before Thomas Butterworth Bayley, Esq., of embezzling and purloining three 
 pounds weight of combed wool, the property of Mr. Ottwell Kershaw, and was 
 committed to the house of correction, to be kept to hard labour for fourteen 
 days, and to be once publicly whipped at the Market Place, in Manchester." 
 (Harrop's Mercury, September 6, 1774.) 
 
 Pleasure boats began to ply on the Duke of Bridgewater's Canal, October 9. 
 
 Sir Jonathan Briggs was buried on the north side of the Collegiate Church, 
 December 3. He was the last member of a Middlesex family, and claimed the 
 title of baronet. During his residence in Manchester he was an officer of 
 excise. 
 
 St. Chad's Roman Catholic Chapel, Rook Street, built. The adherents of 
 the Church of Rome had long been obliged to worship in secret, and a dyehouse 
 in Blackfriars was used by a priest, who came once a month from Macclesfield. 
 Father Helme then obtained premises in Roman Entry Church, and these were 
 succeeded by the Rook Street Chapel. It was disused in 1847. 
 
 Codrus, a tragedy, by Doming Ramsbottom, J.P., was performed once at 
 the Theatre Royal, and afterwards printed. 
 
 The House of Correction, Hunt's Bank, was rebuilt. When John Howard 
 visited Manchester he found twenty-one prisoners confined in it.
 
 1775-177S] Annals of Manchester. 103 
 
 An Act of Parliament, by which a duty was imposed on printed, painted, 
 and stained cottons, declares the manufacture of cotton goods to be lawful. 
 
 1775. 
 
 Mr. Abraham Clarke, bookseller, died May 20. 
 
 The Theatre Royal, in Spring Gardens, was built and opened June 5. 
 
 The first stone was laid of the Gentlemen's Concert Room in Fountain 
 Street, by Edward Greaves, Esq., of Culcheth, August 24. 
 
 10 George III. cap 55. Act to enable the trustees of certain charity lands 
 belonging to the poor of Salford to grant building leases thereof. 6th October. 
 
 Mr. Richard Arkwright took out another patent for carding, drawing, and 
 roving frames. 
 
 The ducking-stool was still in use. It was an open-bottomed chair of wood, 
 placed upon a long pole, balanced on a pivot, and suspended over a sheet of 
 water at Pool Fold. It was afterwards suspended over the Daub-holes— the 
 Infirmary pond— and was used for the purpose of punishing scolds and dis- 
 orderly women. 
 
 In the course of a debate in the House of Lords, the Bishop of London 
 opposed the passing of the bill for a theatre, on the grounds that Manchester 
 was a manufacturing town, and nothing could be more destructive to the wel- 
 fare of the place than the introduction of such an institution. On the other 
 hand, the Earl of Carlisle supported the project for a theatre, because the town 
 had become the seat of Methodism. He said : " I know not of any way so 
 effectual to eradicate that dark, odious, and ridiculous enthusiasm as by giving 
 to the people cheerful, rational amusements, which may operate against their 
 methodistical melancholy." The bill passed. " An Act for enabling His 
 Majesty to license a playhouse in the town of Manchester, in the County 
 Palatine of Lancaster" is reprinted in Earwaker's Local Gleanings, vol. iii., 
 p. 311. 
 
 A public subscription for the improvement of the town by the widening of 
 St. Mary's Gate, the passage between the Exchange and St. Ann's Square, and 
 the making of a street on the easterly side of Old Millgate, realised £10,771 
 3s. Cd. (Earwaker's Local Gleanings, No. 274.) 
 
 An act (16 George III. cap. 63) was obtained for widening several streets 
 near the centre of the town and for opening new streets. 
 
 Several curious gold and silver coins were dug up in Castle Field. 
 
 1776. 
 
 Mr. Sylvanus Hibbert died in January. He was the author of A Brief 
 Inquiry into the State After Death (Manchester, 1771). A portrait, which 
 looks like a caricature, is prefixed. The author was an advocate of cremation, 
 and ends his pamphlet — 
 
 Bury mo not, for heaven's sake ! 
 
 In hopes that I may rise ; 
 
 If that the object of my wish, 
 
 Why not now mount the skies? 
 
 Particulars of this able but eccentric man are given in Hihbert-Ware's Life of 
 Samuel Hibbert-Ware.
 
 104 Annals of Manchester. [1777 
 
 St. Thomas's Chapel, Pendleton, erected at the expense of Samuel Brierley 
 It had been originally occupied by the Wesleyan Methodists, but was conse- 
 crated July 6. It was rebuilt in 1831. 
 
 Dr. Thomas White died July 20th, aged 81 years. A monument to him was 
 erected at Sale by his son, Dr. Charles White, in 1790. (Palatine Note-book, 
 vol. i., p. 113.) 
 
 James Heywood died in London 23rd July. He was born at Cheetham 
 Hill in 1686, and was a linen draper in London. He was author of Poems and 
 Letters on Various Subjects, 1726. This volume includes a list of the ladies 
 who were most celebrated for their beauty in Manchester. (Drake's Essays on 
 the Tatler, iii., 331.) (See under date 1709.) 
 
 The " Old Bridge " was made wider by taking down " The Dungeon " and 
 extending the piers and arches. Until that period it was highly dangerous for 
 foot passengers to meet a carriage ; and it was often a work of labour, for 
 persons not very active, to get over the bridge on a market-day, as they were 
 often obliged to take refuge from vehicles in the angular recesses on both sides 
 of the bridge. (See also under date 1778.) 
 
 The conduit, which was on the western side of the Old Exchange, ceased to 
 flow, in consequence of the destruction of the spring (at the upper end of King 
 Street), from which it had been supplied. 
 
 The evacuation of New York by the American " Rebels," as the colonial 
 patriots were still called, was celebrated in Manchester by the ringing of bells, 
 public processions, &c. 
 
 1777. 
 
 John Phillip Kemble, the actor, made his first appearance at the Theatre 
 Royal, January 29th. 
 
 John Bradshaw, for many years an active magistrate in the town, died 
 March 4. 
 
 Lady Lever, widow of Sir Darcy Lever, and mother of Sir Ashton Lever, 
 died at Culshaw, in her 74th year, August 31. 
 
 The shock of an earthquake was felt at Manchester, Middleton, Maccles- 
 field, Preston, Wigan, Ashton, Stockport, and other places. The bells of the 
 old church and of St. Mary's were set ringing by the force of the shock. Sept. 
 14. Bishop Porteous wrote A Letter to the Inhabitants of Manchester, 
 Macclesfield, and adjacent parts on occasion of the late Earthquake, Chester, 
 1777. Another pamphlet appeared, entitled Observations and Reflections on 
 the late Earthquake. By a gentleman of this town. Manchester, 1777. (Axon's 
 Cheshire Gleanings.) 
 
 A three days' musical festival, held in September, is believed to be the 
 earliest of its kind in England. 
 
 Green dye, for cotton, was invented by Mr. B. Williams. 
 
 A grand stand was erected on Kersal Moor. 
 
 A cupola on the tower of St. Ann's Church was taken down and replaced 
 by a spire. It was soon after removed. 
 
 Considerable street improvements were effected. Exchange Street was 
 formed, by pulling down a pile of old buildings, called the "Dark Entry," 
 forming a narrow footway which led from Market Place to St. Ann's Square.
 
 1778] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 105 
 
 The streets, which were improved by the acts of 1776 and 1777, had long been 
 felt to be a disgrace to the town. 
 
 The Manchester people distinguished themselves by their loyal zeal in 
 a foolish and unavailing attempt to coerce the American colonies. There was 
 a subscription which amounted to £8,075, for the purpose of raising the cele- 
 brated " Seventy-Second Regiment," to serve in America during the war. They 
 were sent to Gibraltar instead, where they fought with great bravery 
 during the siege of that place. The regiment consisted of 1,082 men. The 
 people of Manchester were much elated at this display of military ardour. In 
 an ode, written on this occasion by the Rev. John Whitaker, they are thus 
 
 eulogised : — 
 
 But Britain in this race of fame, 
 
 Which of thy daughter-towns may claim, 
 The greatest share of glory for the whole ? 
 
 'Tis Manchester that claims the share, 
 
 "lis Manchester re-urged the war, 
 'Tis Manchester re-awaked the British soul. 
 
 On the return of the regiment in 1783 they were received with enthusiasm, 
 and their colours were deposited with much ceremony in the Collegiate Church, 
 from whence they were removed to Chetham College. 
 
 The Manchester Free Grammar School, Long Millgate, was rebuilt. 
 
 Samuel Clowes, of Broughton, was appointed high sheriff. 
 
 1778. 
 
 Samuel Ogden, D.D., Woodwardian professor in the university of Cam- 
 bridge, and vicar of Davenham, in Wiltshire, died March 23, in the 62nd year 
 of his age, and was interred in St. Sepulchre's Church, Cambridge. He was 
 born at Manchester in 1716, and educated at the Free Grammar School, from 
 whence he proceeded, in 1733, to Cambridge. In 1744 he became master of the 
 Free Grammar School at Halifax, but resigned in 1753 in order to reside at 
 Cambridge. In private life Dr. Ogden was greatly beloved, but in his appear- 
 ance and outward demeanour there is said to have been something uncouth. 
 He was a man of extensive erudition. On the accession of George III. he 
 produced congratulatory poems in Latin, English, and Arabic. This gave rise 
 to the following epigram : — 
 
 When Ogden his prosaic verse 
 In Latin numbers drest, 
 
 The Roman language prov'd too weak 
 To stand the critic's test. 
 
 The English rhyme he next essayed, 
 
 To show he'd some pretence ; 
 But, ah ! rhyme only would not do — 
 
 They still expected sense. 
 
 Enraged, the Doctor swore he'd place 
 
 On critics no reliance ; 
 So wrapt his thoughts in Arabic, 
 
 And bade them all defiance. 
 
 James Hargreaves, the inventor of the spinning-jenny, died at Hockley, 
 Nottingham, in April. He was originally a weaver, of Stand Hill, near Black- 
 burn, and in 1767 invented the spinning-jenny. In 1768 he went to Nottingham,
 
 108 Annals of Manchester, 
 
 [1779-1780 
 
 and in 1770 patented the jenny. He entered into partnership with Mr. 
 Thomas James, and they erected a small mill at Hockley, where he died in 
 moderate circumstances. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Byrom, relict of Dr. John Byrom, died at Kersal Cell, 
 December 21. 
 
 Samuel Bayley, of Booth Hall, died March 5, 1778. He was the son of 
 "old" James Bayley, and was born December 31, 1717. 
 
 The old chapel, Salford Bridge, built by Thomas del Booth, and afterwards 
 converted into a dungeon, was taken down for the purpose of widening the 
 bridge. 
 
 1779. 
 
 Mr. Roger Sedgwick, banker, died January 17. 
 
 Mr. Philip Brown, M.D., died at his house in Marsden Square, June 17. 
 
 Mr. Humphrey Trafford, of Trafford, died at York, July 1, and the estates 
 passed to the Traffords of Croston. 
 
 The Bev. Sir John Mosley, third baronet, lord of the manor, died 23rd 
 September, and with him the baronetcy became extinct. He was a man of 
 very eccentric habits, and owing to an early disappointment in love had so great 
 an aversion to womankind that his orders to his housekeeper were given 
 through a grated partition. (Mosley's Family Memoirs ; Axon's Lancashire 
 Gleanings.) He was succeeded by John Parker Mosley. (See under date 179S.) 
 
 Serious riots occurred in Manchester, and throughout Lancashire, on the 
 introduction of machinery for spinning, October 9. The riots were continued 
 during the following year. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Crompton, of Hall-i'th'-Wood, near Bolton, invented a com- 
 bination of the jenny and the water-frame, called a mule, for spinning, which 
 he gave to the public. 
 
 Rev. Robert Gore died at the age of 31. He was a native of Liverpool, and 
 in 1770 became minister of Cross Street Chapel. He was buried in the vestibule 
 of the chapel. (Baker's Memorials, p. 47.) 
 
 There was only one stage coach each week from Manchester to London, 
 and one to Liverpool twice a week. 
 
 The Manchester and Liverpool Museum; or, The Beauties of all the 
 Magazines Selected, is the title of a periodical printed by and for T. Jefferson, 
 Manchester, and issued monthly. 
 
 The publication of a satirical work, entitled Characteristic Strictures ; 
 or, Upivards of One Hundred of the Principal Portraits in Manchester, &c, 
 gave offence to many who were lampooned. The book was anonymous, but 
 the author was the Rev. Thomas Seddon. (See under date 1796.) 
 
 Sir Thomas Egerton, of Heaton Park, raised, at his own expense, a regiment 
 of 400 men, who were called the Royal Lancashire Volunteers. 
 
 1780. 
 
 The following notice was issued 4th July : " The ladies' stand on Kersal Moor 
 will be opened on Wednesday next for the accommodation of ladies and gentle- 
 men of the town and neighbourhood of Manchester, where coffee, tea, choco- 
 late, strawberries, cream, &c, will be provided every Wednesday and Friday
 
 17S1] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 107 
 
 during the strawberry season. By the public's most obliged and humble 
 servant, Elizabeth Raffald." (Palatine Note-book, vol. i., p. 143.) 
 
 A riot arose in July owing to the indignation of the people on account of 
 some military floggings. (See under date 1781.) 
 
 An old man, who died this year, remembered the site of St. Ann's Church 
 and Square a cornfield. The old name of the locality was Acres Field. 
 
 The old Chorlton Chapel, taken down in the preceding year, replaced by a 
 brick structure, and dedicated to St. Clement. 
 
 Cotton was picked, batted, slubbed, and wound on one spindle up to this 
 period. 
 
 The average import of cotton wool per year at this period was 6,766,G131b. 
 and the official value of British cotton goods of all kinds exported in this year 
 was £355,060. 
 
 The manufacture of muslins was introduced. 
 
 1781. 
 
 Mr. Henry Whittaker, schoolmaster, of Salford, died March 1. 
 
 The Wesleyan Chapel in Oldham Street opened, March 30, by Rev. John 
 Wesley, who records in his diary that " the whole congregation behaved with 
 the utmost seriousness." 
 
 Mrs. Raffald died of spasms, after an hour's illness, 19th April. Elizabeth 
 Whittaker was born at Doncaster, and in 1748 entered service as housekeeper, 
 and when with Lady Elizabeth Warburton, of Arley Hall, in that capacity, 
 met the head gardener, Mr. John Raffald, to whom she was married at Great 
 Budworth, 3rd March, 1763. In eighteen years she had sixteen daughters. 
 They came to Manchester, and finally settled at the King's Head, Salford. In 
 1769 appeared The Experienced English Housekeeper, which went through 
 many editions. Baldwin, the London publisher, is said to have paid her £1,400 
 for the copyright in 1773. In 1772 she issued the first Manchester Directory, 
 and it was re-issued in 1773, and again in 1781— the year of her death. A work 
 on midwifery is said to have been completed in MS., and it is said that her hus- 
 band, who did not share the business ability of his wife, sold it in Loudon, but 
 whether it was published is not known. At one time she gave lessons to 
 young ladies in cookery and other branches of domestic economy. She is also 
 said to have helped in the continuance of Harrop's newspaper and in the com- 
 mencement of Prescott's, and that but for her aid Manchester would have been 
 left without a newspaper. An account of her busy life is given in Harland's 
 Collectanea, vol. i., p. 119 ; vol. ii., p. 144 ; Palatine Note-book, vol. L, p. 141. 
 
 The first number of the Manclicstcr Chronicle was printed and published 
 by Charles Wheeler, in Hunter's Lane, Cannon Street, June 23. The paper was 
 conducted by Charles Wheeler and by his son John. It was discontinued June 
 23, 183S, but was revived by Josiah Leicester, under the heading of the Man- 
 chester Chronicle arid Salford Standard, January 5, 1839, 4, St. Ann Street. 
 It finally ceased December 31, 1S12. 
 
 A new market opened 28th July in Pool Fold. It was discontinued in 1S03. 
 Under date of 1782 will be found an account of the trial action brought agaius,t 
 the promoters of this scheme.
 
 108 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1732 
 
 Samuel Peploe, junior, LL.D., Warden of the Collegiate Church, died 
 October 22, aged 82 years, and was buried at Chester. He was much respected 
 by the clergy both at Manchester and at Chester, as he resided at both places, 
 and was remarkable for his attendance on public worship. He was succeeded 
 by the Rev. Richard Assheton, D.D. 
 
 Mr. Robert Thyer died at Manchester 27th October. This learned man was 
 born at Manchester, February, 1708-9, and was Librarian of Chetham's College. 
 He is often mentioned in Byrom's Journal, and was the editor of Samuel 
 Butler's Remains. (Grammar School Register, i., 39.) 
 
 There were 2,519 houses in Manchester assessed to the house tax. 
 
 The Manchester and Blackpool diligence set out from the Royal Oak, in the 
 Market Place, every morning at six o'clock ; arrived at the Red Lion Inn, in 
 Preston, at noon ; met the Lancaster, Penrith, and Carlisle diligence, and went 
 to Forshaw's at Blackpool. Fare to Blackpool, 15s. " The journey performed 
 by Pickford and Co., d.v." 
 
 The foundation of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 
 belongs to this year. It arose from conversational meetings held at a tavern by 
 a number of gentlemen interested in literature and science. The history of the 
 society and its labours has been told by Dr. Angus Smith in A Centenary of 
 Science in Manchester. (London, 1883.) 
 
 Public Baths were erected near the Infirmary. 
 
 Home patients were admitted to the benefit of the Infirmary. 
 
 James Artingstall, who had been condemned to be hanged at Lancaster for 
 his share in the riot at Manchester in July, 1780, received a pardon. 
 
 Mr. Richard Arkwright brought nine actions, in this year, against certain 
 manufacturers for the infringement of his patent for the carding, drawing, 
 and roving machines. An association of Lancashire spinners was formed to 
 defend the actions. 
 
 " Mr. Fildes, in the same year in which Raikes began his work at Gloucester, 
 opened a Sunday School in a Manchester cellar, a second in a garret, and a 
 third in the first room in Manchester built expressly for Sunday School pur- 
 poses, a room erected at Mr. Fildes' own expense, behind his own dwelling- 
 house, in the neighbourhood of London Road." (Tyerman's Life of Wesley, vol. 
 iii. p. 350.) 
 
 1782. 
 
 A panic was created in Manchester by the circumstance of 7,012 bags of 
 cotton having been imported between the months of December and April. 
 
 Sir John Parker Mosley, lord of the manor, brought an action in the Court 
 of King's Bench against Mr. T. Chadwick and Mr. Holland for setting up 144 
 meat stalls in Pool Fold, in July, 1781, in violation of his prescriptive rights : 
 decided in his favour June 19, after being twice argued at Westminster, upon a 
 special verdict found for the plaintiff at Lancaster Assizes. Mosley v. 
 Chadwick, 3 Douglas's Reports, 117 : 7 Barn, and Cress. 47 (note). 
 
 Mr. Richard Wainwright, Mus. Doc, died, 15th July. 
 
 The inhabitants of Manchester raised a corps of 150 volunteers to serve 
 during the war in America. Thomas B. Bayley was the Lieutenant- Colonel
 
 1733] Annals of Manchester. 109 
 
 Commandant; George Lloyd was the Major, and his wife presented the 
 regiment with colours, worked by the ladies of Manchester. The officers' 
 commissions, dated September 24, were presented to them in St. Ann's Square. 
 November 18. 
 
 An Act passed for building the New Bailey Prison. (See under dates 1787, 
 1816, and 1872.) 
 
 The Manchester Printing Society, for the publication of the writings and 
 doctrine of Swedenborg, was instituted. 
 
 Mr. Oswald Mosley, the heir of Sir J. P. Mosley, came of age. The event 
 was celebrated by a ball given to four hundred of the nobility, gentry, and prin- 
 cipal inhabitants of the district. 
 
 Lord North visited Manchester, and dined with the gentlemen of the town 
 at the Bull's Head. 
 
 Particulars of the " Volunteers of the Manchester Military Association " 
 are given in Earwaker's Local Gleanings, Nos. 159, 165, 187. 
 
 An act (22 Geo. III. cap. 60), was passed to prevent the seducing of artificers 
 or workmen employed in printing calicoes, cottons, muslins, and linens, or in 
 making or preparing blocks, plates, or other implements used in that manu- 
 factory, to go to parts beyond the seas; and to prohibit the exporting to foreign 
 parts of any such blocks, plates, or other implements. This act imposed a pen- 
 alty of £100, or twelve months' imprisonment, for enticing any workman 
 engaged in calico printing to go beyond the seas. 
 
 1783. 
 
 Mr. Edward Greaves, one of the feoffees of Chetham's Hospital, died at 
 Culcheth, aged 75, January 28. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Hoole died 4th Feb. He was a son of Rev. Joseph Hoole, rector 
 of St. Ann's, and was educated at the Grammar School, and at Oxford, where 
 he was Vice-President of Magdalene College. 
 
 Mrs. Roger Aytoun, of Chorlton Hall, died February 20. She was the 
 widow of a rich apothecary, Thomas Minshull, and married "Spanking Roger" 
 Aytoun, of Inchdarnie, a man very much younger than herself. 
 
 A fatal duel was fought with swords between Captain Mouncey of the 79th 
 Regiment, and Cornet Hamilton, in Spencer's Tavern, in the Market Place, 
 March 21. The former was killed. The quarrel originated in a dispute as to 
 the respective qualities of two dogs. Mr. Hamilton was acquitted by a 
 coroner's jury, and Mr. Mouncey had a public funeral at St John's Church. 
 
 The foundation stone of the New Bailey Bridge was laid May 6; the 
 bridge was opened for passengers and carriages in 1785 ; the toll taken oft", 
 January 31, 1803. It was owned by subscribers, who, during eighteen years, 
 received toll, which repaid them for the capital invested and seven and a half 
 per cent. The toll for the last year was let for £1,150. 
 
 Rev. John Wesley visited Manchester, May 17. Here he had an enormous 
 sacramental service, at which thirteen or fourteen hundred communicants were 
 present. " Such a sight," says he, "as, I believe, was never seen in Manchester 
 before." " I believe," he adds, "there is no place but London where we have so 
 many souls so deeply devoted to God." 
 
 The Description of Manchester, by a native of the town, price one shilling, 
 was printed by Charles Wheeler, June 24.
 
 110 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1784 
 
 Mr. Thomas Tipping, of Ardwick, died July 12. 
 
 The Manchester Regiment (the 72nd) returned from Gibraltar, and were 
 presented with five shillings each, together with their pay and arrears, 30th 
 August, and were disbanded 9th September. 
 
 Mrs. Phoebe Byrom, sister to the late Mr. John Byrom, died September 28, 
 aged 85 years. 
 
 An air balloon ascended from the Infirmary gardens, and alighted at 
 Cromford, Derbyshire. One shilling was the charge for admittance to witness 
 the ascent, and the proceeds were devoted to the benefit of the Infirmary. 
 
 Mr. Titus Hibbert, writing to a Prussian correspondent as to the trade of 
 the town, says: "The greatest quantity of foreign yarn is imported from 
 Hamburg and Bremen, Dantzig and Konisberg, and the greatest part of it, by 
 far, is manufactured at Manchester, and by the manufacturers who live in the 
 country and lesser towns, near enough to come weekly to Manchester, which 
 they do, to buy yarn and cotton and sell goods ; the rest at Blackburn, Preston, 
 Wigan, Walton, Nottingham, etc." (Mrs. Hibbert Ware's Life of Samuel 
 Hibbert Ware.) 
 
 The river Tib was covered over with a culvert. 
 
 1784. 
 
 Father Thomas Falkner, S.J., died at Plowden Hall, Salop, January 30, 
 aged 77. He was born in Manchester, where his father was a surgeon. He 
 was educated at the Grammar School, and practised as a surgeon in Manches- 
 ter. About 1731 he was sent out as surgeon on a slave-ship to Africa, and 
 from thence to Buenos Ayres. Here he was converted to Roman Catholicism 
 and entered the Society of Jesus as a noviciate, May 5, 1732, and after his 
 ordination entered on his missionary labours. In 1768 he was expelled, along 
 with the other Jesuits, from South America. He afterwards removed to 
 Plowden Hall, Shropshire. He was the author of A Description of Pata- 
 gonia, editions of which appeared in German in 1775, in French in 1787, and in 
 Spanish in 1835. (Gillow's Bibliographical Dictionary of English Catholics.) 
 
 Samuel Kay, M.D., died 23rd February, aged 76. He was the first physician 
 of the Manchester Infirmary, and was notable for his benevolence. (Baker's 
 Memorials, p. 56.) 
 
 Rev. John Wesley again visited Manchester, in March. 
 
 Mr. Ralph Markland, lieutenant in the 23rd Regiment, died at Chorlton 
 Hall, August 31. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Younger, one of the patentees of the Manchester theatre, died 
 near Liverpool, September 4. 
 
 Ann Lee died at Watervliet, New York, 8th September, aged 48 years and six 
 months. She was born at Toad Lane, Manchester, 29th February, 1736, and was 
 daughter of John Lee, a blacksmith. She married in 1762, Abraham Stanley, 
 or Standerin, and had several children who died young. She joined a small 
 religious sect, a remnant of the French prophets (see under date 1712), and 
 became a leader. She was accepted as "Ann the Word," and with some 
 followers emigrated to America, where she was the foundress of the Shakers, 
 who adopted a communistic life and the rule of celibacy. Her followers are 
 remarkable for their honesty and industry. There is an extensive literature
 
 17S5J 
 
 Annals of Manchester. Ill 
 
 relating to the Shakers, whose official name is the " United Society of Believers 
 in Christ's Second Appearing." (Axon's Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 
 The boroughreeve and constables issued an address, August 10th, recom- 
 mending the establishment of Sunday schools. A meeting was held 28th 
 September, at the Bull's Head, and a committee was formed with Sir John 
 Parker Mosley as president. Churchmen, Dissenters, and Roman Catholics 
 served on this committee, and it was not until 1800 that sectarian disputes 
 caused a rupture. This plan of joint management was copied in many other 
 parts of the kingdom. Rooms were hired in dwelling-houses and the teachers 
 were paid. The first building exclusively appropriated to the purpose of a 
 Sunday school is said to be the cottages in Gun Street, Ancoats, which were 
 the gift of Simeon Newton. 
 
 Admiral Lord Hood and his family visited Manchester. 
 
 Fustian tax of one penny per yard imposed upon all bleached cotton 
 manufactures, if under the value of three shillings per yard, and twopence if 
 exceeding that value. This tax was in addition to the already existing duty of 
 threepence per yard. Deputations were sent from various towns, and the 
 manufacturers were heard by counsel at the bar of the House; and in the 
 following year Mr. Pitt brought in a bill which repealed the new duties of 1784 
 on linen and cotton manufactures. 
 
 1785. 
 
 Rules were drawn up for the government of Sunday schools in Manchester, 
 at a meeting in the Manchester Hotel, at which Sir John Mosley presided. 
 January 3. 
 
 The magistrates authorised the constables to prevent cock-fighting and the 
 throwing of cocks during Shrove Tide. February 15. 
 
 Mr. Stanley, M.P. for the county, presented a petition to the House of 
 Commons from the manufacturers and inhabitants of Manchester against the 
 commercial regulations between Great Britain and Ireland. March 11. 
 
 The thermometer was from 1 to 18i degrees below the freezing point from 
 October 18, 1781, to March 15, except 26 days. 
 
 Power-loom weaving was invented by the Rev. Dr. Edmund Cartwright, of 
 Hollander House, Kent, by whom a patent was taken out on the 4th of April. 
 In 1787 he patented an improved invention, and in 1809 he received a Parlia- 
 mentary grant of £10,000. He was brother to the celebrated Major Cartwright, 
 and died at Hastings on the 25th of October, 1832. 
 
 Mr. Garrow, as counsel for the fustian manufacturers, was called to the bar 
 of the House of Commons, when he spoke for two hours. April S. 
 
 Many thousands of weavers from Oldham and its vicinity, who had been 
 thrown out of employ owing to the tax on manufactures, visited Manchester. 
 April 12. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Walker and Mr. Thomas Richardson, the delegates, arrived 
 express with the intelligence that the repeal of the tax upon fustians had been 
 moved by Mr. Pitt, seconded by Mr. Fox, and carried without a division. The 
 delegates alighted at the Bull's Head, in the Market Place, which was filled 
 with people. Aft or a short speech by Mr. Walker they were placed upon two 
 chairs and carried through the streets. April 21.
 
 112 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1786 
 
 The gentlemen and ladies appeared with favours in token of the repeal of 
 the fustian tax, April 22. 
 
 Mr. Sadler ascended in his balloon, 12th May, from a garden behind the 
 Manchester Arms Inn, Long Millgate. It was then a private house. 
 
 The Fustian Tax Repeal Act received the royal assent, May 13. 
 
 The fustian tax repealed through the endeavours of Mr. Thomas Walker 
 and Mr. Thomas Richardson, who were presented with a silver cup each. The 
 victory was celebrated by public processions. May 17. 
 
 Mr. Sadler made his second balloon ascent, but on alighting was obliged to 
 let it drive with the wind. May 19. 
 
 Jane Diggle, of Kersal Moor, died June 12. She had her coffin and suit 
 made thirty years before she died. 
 
 A dinner was given to Thomas Stanley, M.P., at the Manchester Hotel, 
 August 27. This was to celebrate his share in the repeal of the Fustian Act. 
 
 A musical festival was held in the Concert Hall, Fountain Street, Sept. 1. 
 
 Thomas Reynolds, second Baron Ducie, of Tortworth, died at Woodchester 
 Park, September 11. 
 
 Lord Robert Spencer, Sir Frank Standish, Charles James Fox, and Mr. 
 Grenville visited Manchester, and dined with the local adherents of the Liberal 
 party. September 15. 
 
 The Rev. John Bennett preached a sermon in aid of Sunday schools, 2nd 
 October. The following is a copy of the title-page :— 
 
 The Advantages of Sunday Schools : A discourse preached for the benefit 
 of that useful and excellent charity, St. Mary's Church, in Manchester, on 
 Sunday, the 2nd of October, 1785 ; to which is prefixed some account of the 
 origin, design, and progress of this institution. Published by order of the 
 chairman of the committee. By the Rev. John Bennett, secretary to the 
 society. Printed by J. Wheeler, and sold by J. Clark and all the booksellers 
 in Manchester. (4to, pp. 20.) 
 
 The scholastic session of the College of Arts and Sciences was opened with 
 a lecture by Dr. Charles White, October 8. 
 
 Rev. Abel Ward died, at Neston, 9th October. He was a graduate of 
 Queen's College, Cambridge, and in 1745 became Rector of St. Ann's. A strong 
 advocate and defender of the Protestant succession, the authorities recognised 
 the value of his aid by a succession of preferments. He preached against 
 Popery and Jacobitism, and in 1751 became Archdeacon of Chester, after which 
 he was only occasionally resident in Manchester. He wrote The Duty of 
 rendering to all their Dues considered, a sermon. (Manchester, 1750.) (Ear- 
 waker's Local Gleanings, No. 664.) 
 
 Peter Mainwaring, M.D., died, aged 91. He bequeathed his books to the 
 Manchester Infirmary, where they became the nucleus of the present library. 
 
 A German named Baden was tried at Lancaster, and fined £500, for 
 having visited Manchester and seduced cotton operatives to go to Germany. 
 
 The privileges of the spinning-jenny, which had partly been thrown open 
 in 1783, were, in this year, wholly given to the public, when cotton mills began 
 to increase as well as the population.
 
 1786] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 113 
 
 It was estimated by Mr. Pitt that the population employed in the cotton 
 trade generally was 80,000. 
 
 Cylindrical calico printing was invented by a Scotchman named Bell, and 
 was first successfully applied at Masney, near Preston, by Messrs. Livesey, 
 Hargreaves, Hall, and Company. 
 
 1786. 
 
 A main of cocks was fought at the Royal Exchange betwixt the gentlemen 
 of Lancashire and Cheshire for £5 a battle and £200 the main. Cheshire won 
 by eight battles. January 3, 6, 7, 8, 9. 
 
 A fire broke out in the New Market Hall, Pool Fold, and entirely consumed 
 the upper part of the building, January 10. 
 
 Manchester Academy instituted 22nd February. The first session was 
 opened 14th September by an address from Rev. Thomas Barnes. Dr. Thomas 
 Percival was the first chairman. In 1803 it was removed, and became Man- 
 chester College, York ; in 1S-10 it returned to its birthplace as Manchester New 
 College, and in 1853 was removed to London, still retaining the name of Man- 
 chester New College. 
 
 John Holker, Chevalier of the Order of St. Louis, and inspector-general of 
 the woollen and cotton manufactures of France, died at Rouen, 28th April. He 
 was born at Stretford, and baptised there 14th October, 1719. His parents were 
 married at Manchester in 1715, and the name is found frequently at Monton. 
 He was a " calendarer," joined the rebels in 1745, and was taken prisoner 
 at Carlisle. When in Newgate awaiting trial a fellow-prisoner found a means 
 of escape from the same cell, but Holker was too bulky to pass through the 
 ' ' straightgate." The generous comrade returned, and the two in company 
 enlarged the hole and both escaped. Holker was concealed for six weeks by a 
 woman who kept a green stall, but eventually escaped to France, where he 
 entered the army, and retired on a pension of 600 francs in 1755. He had 
 previously, in connection with partners, erected a velvet factory at Rouen, and 
 in 1758 he retired with a fortune. He was inspector-general of foreign manu- 
 factures from 1755 until his death. In 1766 he established chemical works and 
 introduced leaden chambers for the manufacture of sulphuric acid. He is said 
 to have visited England secretly to induce English artisans to settle in France. 
 He was nominated a Chevalier de St. Louis, 27th September, 1770. This 
 remarkable life is given with the fullest detail in communications by Mr. J. G. 
 Alger in the Palatine Note-book, vol. iv., pp. 47, 111. 
 
 John Collier, better known as " Tim Bobbin," died, at Milnrow, 14th July. 
 He was born at Urmston, and baptised at Flixton 6th January, 1708-9. The 
 greater part of his life was passed at Milnrow, where he was schoolmaster. In 
 1746 he published a View of the Lancashire Dialect, which has since passed 
 through almost innumerable editions. It cannot be supposed to represent 
 faithfully the folk-speech of any particular district, but it preserves many 
 uncommon words and idioms which Collier had picked up in various parts. 
 There is a great deal of humour in his writings, but he is coarse and sadly 
 wanting in refinement. Collier wrote in verse and prose, and dabbled in 
 archaeology. His Curious Remarks on the History of Manchester and More 
 Fruit from the Same Pannier are severe criticisms on Whitaker's History of 
 li
 
 114 Annals of Manchester. [1787-17S3 
 
 Manchester. In these he is thought to have been aided by Richard Towneley, 
 of Belfield. Collier was also a painter, and published a volume of caricatures, 
 entitled Human Passions Delineated. He is buried in Rochdale Churchyard. 
 
 A rule was adopted 6th September by the joint committee of Sunday 
 schools that writing should not henceforward be taught in the schoolroom. 
 The bigotry and cruelty of such a regulation at a time when the means of 
 education were so scanty needs no comment. 
 
 James Holland was hanged at Bolton-le-Moor, for croft breaking, Sept. 12. 
 
 Mr. Josiah Birch, for many years treasurer to the Manchester Infirmary, 
 died September 29. 
 
 Sir John Parker Mosley served the office of High Sheriff of the County 
 Palatine of Lancaster. He was accompanied from his seat at Ancoats by an 
 immense retinue of his friends and neighbours, and the conviviality attending 
 it was long celebrated in their private discourse. (Mosley's Mosley Family.) 
 
 A man was tried at Lancaster and fined £200 for having had in his 
 possession a quantity of machinery with a view to export it to the Emperor of 
 Germany, and for also having seduced workmen to go abroad with it. 
 
 1787. 
 
 The foundation stone of the New Bayley, or Prison for the Hundred of 
 Salford, laid May 22 by Thomas Butterworth Bayley. It was opened for 
 prisoners April, 1790. Large additions were made to it in 1816, but in 1872 it 
 was sold to the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company in consequence 
 of the erection of the gaol in Strangeways. 
 
 A meeting was convened at the Manchester Hotel, by the Boroughreeve, 
 for the purpose of establishing fixed market days, June 19. 
 
 The Collegiate Church broken into and two surplices and the poor box 
 stolen, June 22. 
 
 The Rev. John Wesley held the annual conference of the ministers in his 
 Connexion, at Manchester, in July. 150 preachers attended. 
 
 Mr. John Tipping died at his house, Ardwick Green, August 19. 
 
 The Bishop of Chester consecrated a new burial ground in Ashley Lane, 
 21st September. It was closed in 1816, and after a period of neglect was 
 covered and is now known as St. Michael's Flags. 
 
 A flood in the Irwell which lasted for seven days carried away a portion of 
 Salford Bridge. 
 
 The Rev. Robert Kenyon, incumbent of Salford Chapel, one of the feoffees 
 and also librarian of the Chetham College, died, aged 45. 
 
 Muslin manufacture developed rapidly through mule spinning, and 500,000 
 pieces were manufactured in Great Britain. 
 
 The value of exported cotton goods, in this year, amounted to £1,101,457. 
 This was immediately after Arkwright's patent had been declared invalid. 
 
 It is stated that only forty-two spinning factories existed in Lancashire. 
 
 1788. 
 
 Sir Ashton Lever, Knt., of Alkrington, died at the Bull's Head Inn, Man- 
 chester, February 1. Having as a young man shot a " white sparrow," it 
 formed the starting point of an important but very miscellaneous collection of
 
 17381 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 115 
 
 objects of natural history and archeology, known as the Leverian Museum. 
 Financial difficulties induced Sir Ashton to part with this collection, and Par- 
 liament authorised a lottery for the purpose in 1785. The winner afterwards 
 disposed of it by public auction in 1806, when the sale occupied 65 days. It has 
 been surmised that Sir Ashton's death was due to poison self -administered. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Burchell died ISth March. He was for several years the con- 
 ductor of the Gentlemen's Concert. 
 
 Mr. Aulay Macaulay died March 19, 1788. He was a tea dealer in St. Ann's 
 Square, and was also the author of a system of shorthand which does not 
 possess any great merit. (Guardian Notes and Queries, June 12, 1876.) 
 
 The centenary of the Revolution of 1688 was celebrated in a variety of ways. 
 The military fired a, feu dejoic in St. Ann's Square. 
 
 " On the 29th [March] a most daring murder and robbery was committed 
 near Miles Platting, on the York road, on the person of Mr. Worthington, the 
 York carrier, who had scarcely left the house where he had stayed to drink 
 than he was shot dead, and his watch and purse taken from him, though so near 
 three men on the road before him as to be heard to beg for life. A man has 
 been apprehended on suspicion, but discharged for want of evidence." (Gentle- 
 man's Magazine, vol. lviii., p. 355.) 
 
 Mr. Henry Sedden died in March. He was buried at the Collegiate Church, 
 of which he had been sexton for 30 years. 
 
 The Rev. John "Wesley preached in Oldham Street Chapel, 13th April. He 
 was then in his 86th year. 
 
 St. Michael's Church, Angel Street, was built by the Rev. Humphrey Owen, 
 M.A., Chaplain of the Collegiate Church, and consecrated July 23, 1789. The pre- 
 sentation was vested in the heirs of the founder for sixty years, and afterwards 
 in the warden and fellows of the Collegiate Church. Foundation stone laid 
 May 20. 
 
 Hey wood's Bank established in St. Ann's Street, May 26 ; afterwards known 
 as Hey wood Brothers and Co. It was amalgamated with the Manchester and 
 Salford Bank, of which it is the St. Ann's Street Branch. 
 
 Mr. John Wilson, Captain in the 72nd, or Manchester Volunteers, died 
 June 24. 
 
 St. James's Church, George Street, was built by the Rev. Cornelius Bayley, 
 D.D., and consecrated August 18. The presentation was vested in the heirs of 
 the founder for sixty years, and then in the warden and fellows of the 
 Collegiate Church. 
 
 The total number of scholars in Sunday schools of Manchester and Salford 
 was estimated 4,000 in August. 
 
 The Congregational Chapel, Mosley Street, was opened 24th September. 
 (See under date 1819.) 
 
 The foundation stone of St. Peter's Church, Mosley Street, which was 
 founded by the Rev. Samuel Hall, M.A., was laid 11th December tin's year. 
 It was consecrated September 6, 1794. The presentation was vested in 
 twenty-one trustees for sixty years from the date of the consecration deeds, 
 and afterwards in the wardens and fellows of the Collegiate Church. The
 
 116 Annals of Manchester. [1789-1790 
 
 church was built from the design of Mr. James Wyatt. The altar piece is a 
 " Descent from the Cross," attributed to Annibal Carracci. 
 
 From an enumeration made at Christmas it appeared that Manchester had 
 5,916 houses, 8,570 families, and 48,821 persons. In Salford there were 1,260 
 houses, and an estimated population of 7,566. 
 
 A meeting was held in Manchester to consider the great depression of the 
 cotton manufacture, arising from the "importation of Indian goods;" and 
 Government was solicited to allow a drawback as an encouragement to the 
 export of English products. It was estimated that the cotton manufacture 
 employed 159,000 men, 90,000 women, and 101 children. 
 
 The art of bleaching with oxymuriatic acid was introduced by Mr. Thomas 
 
 Henry. 
 
 1789. 
 
 The Rev. Richard Millward, LL.B., one of the chaplains at the Collegiate 
 Church, died April 15. 
 
 Three boat loads of coal, the first that came from Worsley, arrived at Bank 
 Top, April 20. 
 
 The Theatre Royal, in Spring Gardens, was burnt down, June 19 ; rebuilt 
 and opened, February, 1790. 
 
 Mr. John Wheeler died 16th October. He was formerly of the Manchester 
 Theatre, and was the father of Charles Wheeler, the original proprietor of the 
 Manchester Chronicle. 
 
 Mr. Duncan Smith died 16th December. He was for more than forty years a 
 writing master in Manchester. 
 
 There were great public rejoicings on the recovery of George III. from his 
 insanity. 
 
 The Unitarian Chapel in Mosley Street was erected. It was taken down in 
 1836. 
 
 Mr. Oswald Mosley, eldest son of Sir J. P. Mosley, died, aged 22. He married 
 the daughter of the Rev. Thomas Tonman, and left four orphans, of whom 
 Oswald succeeded to the title. (See under date 179S.) 
 
 The Baptist Chapel, St. George's Road (now Rochdale Road), was built. 
 
 The first volume of the Memoirs of the Manchester Literary and Philo- 
 sophical Society was printed, at Warrington, by W. Eyres. A German 
 translation of it appeared. 
 
 The Lancashire Humane Society was established. 
 
 The first steam engine for spinning cotton is said to have been erected in 
 Manchester for Mr. Drinkwater. 
 
 1790. 
 
 Mr. James Hall, surgeon, of King Street, died February 11. 
 
 The Theatre Royal was rebuilt after the fire of 1789, and reopened in 
 February. 
 
 On Easter Sunday, the Rev. John Wesley preached twice, and held a sacra- 
 mental service at which there were about sixteen hundred communicants. 
 This was his last visit to Manchester. 
 
 Manchester Lying-in Hospital, founded May 6, by Charles White, F.R.S., 
 and his son, Dr. White, and Messrs. Edward and R. Hull. Patients were
 
 1790] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 117 
 
 attended at their homes until a house near Salford Bridge was taken in 1795. 
 The Bath Inn, Stanley Street, was bought for £1,000, and converted into an 
 hospital, 1796. This was sold by auction May 5, 1822. The Hospital had then 
 removed to North Parade, St. Mary's, October 10, 1821. The foundation stone 
 of the new hospital was laid by the Bishop of Manchester, September 3, 1855, 
 and opened October 10, 1856. 
 
 An Act of Parliament (30 George III. cap. 81) was obtained for the pur- 
 pose of "providing a new poorhouse for, and for the better relief and govern- 
 ment of, the poor of the township of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster." 
 21st June. 
 
 Oxford Road, from St. Peter's Church, was opened July 12. 
 
 The organ at Trinity Chapel, Salford, was opened, August 9th. It was 
 built by Schultz, of London. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Taylor, lieutenant in the 72nd, or Manchester Volunteers, died 
 August 16. 
 
 James Macnamara hanged 11th September, on Kersal Moor, for a burglary 
 committed in the house of Mr. Cheetham, at the sign of the " Dog and Part- 
 ridge," Stretford, in January. He was executed on the large hill. 
 
 The " Manchester Constitutional Society " established, to " effect a reform 
 in the representation of the people in Parliament." October. 
 
 Rev. Humphrey Owen died 14th November. He was born at Aberystw ith 
 in 1723, and after graduating at St. John's College, Oxford, became Chaplain of 
 the Collegiate Church, but acted as the substitute of Rev. Abel Ward, at St. 
 Ann's, after 1751 until 1789, when he was appointed the first rector of St. 
 Michael's, Angel Meadow, in the erection of which he had been largely instru- 
 mental. (Bardsley's Memorials, p. 89.) 
 
 A large building, situated near Hanover Street, fell down, owing to the 
 springing of an arch in the foundation. The upper part was used as a cotton 
 mill, and at the time there were twenty-two persons at work, several of whom 
 were killed, and others seriously hurt. December 21. 
 
 The lord of the manor brought an action in the Court of King's Bench, 
 claiming by prescription a weekly market on Saturdays for the sale of flour and 
 oatmeal and other goods. The case was tried at the Lancaster Summer Assizes, 
 when the plaintiff was nonsuited, but a rule for a new trial having been obtained 
 was made absolute after argument. It does not appear whether the plaintiff 
 ultimately succeeded. Mosley v. Pierson, 4 Term Reports (Dumford v. East), 
 104. 
 
 The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Gravel Lane, Salford, Avas built. 
 
 The House of Correction, Hunt's Bank, was taken down. 
 
 Manchester paid in postages £11,000, which was a larger amount than any 
 (it her provincial town. 
 
 The Sessions Court, attached to the New Bailey Prison, was erected. 
 
 Mr. Kenrick Price, of Manchester, died at Liverpool, lie was a t.a dealer, 
 and the last Bishop of the Nonjurors in the neighbourhood. 
 
 Power looms were introduced into Manchester by Mr. Grimshaw. (Butter- 
 worth.) 
 
 The cotton spinners of Lancashire and Scotland solicited permission of fcha
 
 118 Annals of Manchester 
 
 [1791 
 
 Government to incorporate themselves into a " Company of Traders," with privi- 
 leges similar to those enjoyed by the East India Company, with whom, it 
 seems, they considered themselves otherwise unable to compete. 
 
 30 George III. cap. 68. Act for making and maintaining a navigable canal 
 from Manchester to or near Presto-lee-Bridge, in the township of Little Lever, 
 and from thence by one branch to or near the town of Bolton, and by another 
 branch to or near the town of Bury, and to Weddell Brook, in the parish of 
 Bury 
 
 1791. 
 
 A fire in Blakely Street resulted in the death of a woman and four children, 
 April SO. 
 
 The first stone of the Manchester Workhouse, Strangewaj's, was laid by 
 Mr. Leaf, a magistrate, July 2-1. It was opened February 14, 1793. 
 
 Mr. Edward Hall died, at his house in King Street, 25th September, He was 
 for 38 years one of the surgeons to the Royal Infirmary, and was an active 
 promoter of the Lying-in Hospital. 
 
 Mr. Doming Rasbotham died 7th Nov. He was born in 1730 and served the 
 office of High Sheriff in 1769. His extensive collections for the history of the 
 county were written in Byrom's shorthand. He married Sarah, daughter of 
 James Bayley. He wrote Codrus, a tragedy, and a variety of pieces in prose 
 and verse. He was also an amateur artist. (Baines, new edition, i., 542.) 
 
 The first printed catalogue of Chetham's Library issued with the title : 
 Bibliotheca Chcthamensis : sive Bibliothecce publicce Mancuniences ab Hum- 
 fredo Chetham armigero fundatce Catalogus, exhibens libros in varias classes 
 pro varietate argumenti distribiitos. Editit Johannes JRadcliffe, bibliothecce 
 su2~)radictm custos. 2 vols. Svo. Continuations have since appeared. 
 
 A Poetical Satire on the Times (London, printed for the author, in the 
 year 1791) contains many curious references to Manchester men and manners. 
 (Axon's Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 
 The lord of the manor brought another action claiming by prescription a 
 weekly market on Saturdays for the sale of flour and oatmeal, and succeeded 
 in establishing his right. Mosley v. Norris (not reported). 
 
 The Manchester Strangers' Friend Society was established, chiefly by the 
 exertions of the Rev. Dr. Adam Clarke. 
 
 The Manchester Humane Society was established. The first meeting held 
 August 25th, and was presided over by Lord Grey de Wilton. 
 
 An Act of Parliament was obtained for the purpose of lighting, watching, 
 and cleaning the town ; and for levying a police tax of Is. 3d. in the pound, 
 upon the rent of the houses, to defray the expenses. Under this act the 
 commissioners consisted of the boroughxeeve and constables for the time 
 being, the warden and fellows of the Collegiate Church, and the owners and 
 occupiers of any buildings of £30 a year value, under whose control the conjoint 
 towns of Manchester and Salford were placed. 
 
 An Act was passed for the making of the Bury and Bolton Canal. 
 
 John Imisson died. "It may not be amiss to mention the ingenious 
 Imisson, who, among other pursuits, made some progress in the art of letter-
 
 1792] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 119 
 
 founding, and actually printed some popular novels at Manchester, with wood- 
 cuts cut by himself." (Lemoine's Typographical Antiquities, 1797, p. 81.) He 
 was also an optician in Manchester, and published there The School of Arts. 
 
 31 George III. cap. 43. Act for vesting the settled estate of Samuel Clowes 
 the younger, Esquire, in the county of Lancaster, in himself, in fee simple, 
 and for settling an estate of greater value, in the same county, in lieu thereof, 
 and in exchange for the same, and for enabling the said Samuel Clowes to 
 grant building leases of the. estate hereby settled. 
 
 1792. 
 
 32 George III. cap. 69. Act for cleansing, watching, and regulating the 
 streets, lanes, passages, and places within Manchester and Salford, and for 
 widening and rendering more commodious several of the said streets, lanes, 
 and passages, and for other purposes therein mentioned, January 31. 
 Reprinted, 1842. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Walker, upon the expiration of his office of boroughreeve, pub- 
 lished the first account which had ever appeared of the different charities 
 which had been under his official management and distribution, February 15. 
 
 Special services were held in February in various Lancashire churches, when 
 the collections in aid of the Manchester Charities amounted to £4,887 16s. 1M. 
 
 The Manchester Herald, No. 1, March 31, was printed and published by 
 Messrs. Faulkner and Birch, in the Market Place, price 3jd. It ceased March 
 23, 1793. 
 
 The Police Act for Manchester and Salford came into force, June 24. 
 
 "On Monday, July 30, the morris dancers of Pendleton paid their annual 
 visit to Salford. They were adorned with all the variety of colours that a pro- 
 fusion of ribbons could give them, and had a very showy garland." (Ritson's 
 Robin Hood.) 
 
 The second Manchester Subscription Library was established 29th August. 
 
 The Assembly Rooms, Mosley Street, were opened September 20. There 
 were 100 subscribers at £50. A further call of £20 was made. The Assembly 
 Rooms were sold by auction for £9,000 in 1850, and warehouses built upon the 
 site. (See under date 1795). 
 
 The office of the Manchester Herald, in the Market Place, was destroyed 
 by a political mob, December 10, 1793. The Manchester Herald ceased March 
 23, 1793. The following curious handbill was circulated : "Violent Dissolution, 
 being the Exit of Mons. Herald, of Manchester, a near relative to Mons. Argus, 
 of London, who expired on Saturday last, to the great regret of the Jacobins, 
 Painites, &c, but particularly to the Black Cat." It advocated Liberal principles, 
 and so its publishers became the objects of persecution. They were obliged to 
 find refuge in a foreign land. 
 
 Two of the pinnacles of the Collegiate Church tower fell, one into the 
 churchyard, and the other through the roof and gallery to the floor of the nave. 
 
 The Antiquary, September, 1884, contains an account of a journey to 
 Manchester and Liverpool made by Mr. William Phillips, of Worcester. He 
 was a visitor to his brother, Mr. Thomas Phillips, of Manchester, the father of 
 Sir Thomas Phillips, of Middle-Hill. The Bridgewater Canal excited his 
 admiration.
 
 120 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1793 
 
 A Provincial Conference of the New Church (Swedenborgian) held at 
 Salford. (Hindmarsh's Rise, &c, p. 140.) 
 
 A Dispensary was erected adjoining the Infirmary. 
 
 The Exchange was taken down, and the site marked by a stone pillar and 
 posts. 
 
 An Act (32 George III. cap. 84) was obtained for cutting a canal from Man- 
 chester to Ashton-under-Lyne and Oldham. 
 
 An Independent Chapel erected in Cannon Street- The site is now covered 
 by warehouses. 
 
 1793. 
 
 The effigy of Paine was burnt by the populace, January. 
 
 33 George III. Act for more effectually repairing, widening, and improving 
 certain roads leading to and from the towns of Salford, Warrington, Bolton, 
 and Wigan, and to certain places called the Broad Oak, in Worsley, and Dux- 
 bury Stocks, and also the road from a place called the South Sea, in Pendle- 
 bury, to Agecroft Bridge, and from thence to Hilton Lane to Dawson Lane 
 End, and also from Agecroft Bridge over Kersal Moor to Singleton Brook. 
 June 17. 
 
 Thomas White, M.D., died 19th June. 
 
 Thomas Quincey, father of Thomas de Quincey, died at Greenheys, 18th 
 July. He was born in 1754 and was the author of an anonymous Short Tour in 
 the Midland Counties, London, 1775 (Axon's Lancashire Gleanings, p. 285). 
 He settled in Manchester before 1780, and was a haberdasher who in 1783 gave 
 up the retail to confine himself to the wholesale trade. He is also called a 
 West India Merchant. (Espinasse's Lancashire Worthies.) There are few 
 passages more impressive than De Quincey's description of the home-coming of 
 the father already dying of consumption in his thirty-ninth year. 
 
 The New Jerusalem Church, Peter Street; was opened, 11th August, by Rev. 
 William Cowherd and Rev. Joseph Proud. 
 
 St. Clement's Church, Lever Street, was built by the Rev. E. Smyth, and 
 opened for divine service on Christmas Day. 
 
 The Salford Workhouse was built in Greengate. 
 
 An act was obtained for cutting the Haslingden canal. 
 
 33 George III. cap. 21. Act to enable the company of proprietors of the 
 canal navigation from Manchester to or near Ashton-under-Lyne and Oldham, 
 to extend the said canal from a place called Clayton Demesne, in the township 
 of Droylsden, to a place on the turnpike road in Heaton Norris, opposite to the 
 house known by the sign of the Three Boars' Heads ; and from or nearly from a 
 place called Taylors Barn, in the township of Reddish, to Denton, at a place 
 called Beat Bank, adjoining the turnpike road leading between Stockport and 
 Ashton-under-Lyne, and also from the intended aqueduct, at or near a place 
 called Stake Leach, at Hollinwood. 
 
 33 George III. cap. 50. Act to empower William Churchill Dickenson, 
 Esquire, to grant building leases, renewable leases, and to make conveyances 
 in fee of and upon all or any part of the estates at Chorlton Row, devised by 
 the will of John Dickenson, Esquire, deceased, situate near the town of 
 Manchester.
 
 1794-1795] Annals of Manchester. 121 
 
 33 George III. cap. 58. Act to enable John Trafford, Esquire, and other 
 persons after his death, to grant leases of the estates devised by the 'will of the 
 late Humphrey Trafford, Esquire, situate in the counties of Lancaster and 
 Chester, for building, and also to grant leases of certain waste moss lands in 
 the said counties, other parts of the said devised estates. 
 
 1794. 
 
 Mr. Tate presented to the trustees of the Infirmary a portrait of Mr. James 
 Massey, the first president of that institution, February. 
 
 34 George III. cap. 37. Act for altering an Act, passed in the seventh year 
 of the reign of His late Majesty King George I., intituled " An Act for making 
 the rivers Mercy and Irwell navigable from Liverpool to Manchester, by 
 incorporating the proprietors of the said navigation, and to declare their respec- 
 tive shares therein to be personal estate." March 28. 
 
 34 George III. cap. 78. Act ;for making and maintaining a navigable canal 
 from the Calder navigation, at or near Sowerby Bridge wharf, in the parish of 
 Halifax, to join the canal of his grace the Duke of Bridgewater, in the parish 
 n t Manchester, and also certain cuts from the said intended canal. April 4. 
 
 The Regiment of Independent Manchester Volunteers was incorporated in 
 the 53rd, or Duke of York's Brigade, at Chatham, April. 
 
 St. Stephen's Church, Salford, was built by the Rev. Nicholas Mosley 
 Cheek, and consecrated July 23. 
 
 St. Mark's Church, Cheetham Hill, founded by the Rev. E. Ethelston ; 
 finished by his son, the Rev. C. W. Ethelston, fellow of the Collegiate Church, 
 and consecrated July 24. 
 
 The colours of the Royal Manchester Volunteers were consecrated in St. 
 Ann's Church by the Rev. Thomas Seddon, chaplain to the regiment, August 
 24. The corps subsequently became the 104th regiment. 
 
 The Roman Catholics of the district built St. Mary's Chapel, Mulberry 
 Street, from the proceeds of a subscription. 
 
 The loyal associations in Manchester and Salford formed themselves into a 
 corps for home defence. 
 
 The poor rate for Manchester, at five shillings in the pound, produced 
 £9,270 14s. The post-horse duty for the district was let for £7,640. 
 
 The business of the post-office in Manchester was conducted by Miss Willet 
 (post-mistress), with the assistance of two clerks. 
 
 An act obtained for cutting the Manchester and Huddersfield canal. 
 
 34 George III. cap. 66. Act to enable the trustees of certain lands in Man- 
 chester, called Mayes' Charity Lands, to convey in fee, or grant leases under 
 reserved yearly rents. 
 
 1795. 
 
 Ann Bayley, widow of Daniel Bayley, and daughter of Thomas Butter- 
 worth, died March 9th, aged 82. 
 
 The Manchester Gazette was printed and published by T. Bowden and 
 William Cowdroy, in St. Mary's Gate. March.
 
 122 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1795 
 
 Rev. Rowland Sandford, A.B., died at Harrogate, 24th June. He was 
 junior curate of St. Ann's, but on the death of Archdeacon Ward in 1785 
 became rector. He was an earnest promoter of Sunday schools. (Bardsley's 
 Memorials.) (See under date 1817.) 
 
 There was some rioting from the scarcity of corn. In view of further 
 anticipated disturbances an order was given that all public-houses be closed by 
 seven in the evening. Persons appearing in the streets after nine o'clock were 
 liable to be called upon to give account of themselves. July 31. 
 
 Timothy Wood died 29th September. He was the keeper of the Hare and 
 Hounds public-house, and was well known as the huntsman of the Manchester 
 hounds. 
 
 The Manchester Billiard Club was formed in the Assembly Rooms, Mosley 
 Street, December 11. It was discontinued December 13, 1850. 
 
 As a protest against the conduct of the authorities in putting down public 
 meetings for the discussion of political grievances, it is said that a "Thinking 
 Club" was formed at the Coopers' Arms, and that at the first meeting there 
 were 300 present, and " silence prevailed for one hour." December 28. 
 
 The shock of an earthquake was felt at Manchester in December. 
 
 The Duke of Bridgewater's canal completed at a cost of £220,000. James 
 Brindley was the engineer of this remarkable undertaking, the story of which 
 has been told by Dr. Smiles in his Lives of the Engineers. 
 
 The Friends' Meeting house in Mount Street was built. The locality was 
 then practically suburban, St. Peter's Fields, the site of Peter Street and the 
 Free Trade Hall, being an open space. The meeting house was rebuilt in 1828. 
 
 A pamphlet entitled an Appeal to the Inhabitants of Manchester and its 
 Neighbourhood, was published. It was a protest against the Convention Bills 
 for limiting the freedom of the press and the right of public meeting, and was 
 signed by George Lloyd, George Philips, Samuel Greg, Dr. John Mitchell, and 
 others. (Hibbert- Ware's Life ofS. Hibbert-Ware, p. 242.) 
 
 Mr. Robert Peel, the founder of the fortunes of the Peel family, died at 
 Ardwick Green, aged 79. He is buried in St. John's Church. 
 
 35 George III. cap. 53. Act to enable the trustees of certain lands in Man- 
 chester, Crumpsall, and Tetlow, called Clarke's Charity Lands, to make leases 
 for years upon rack rents, and also to grant building leases and make convey- 
 ances in fee of and upon all or any part of the said lands under reserved yearly 
 rents, 
 
 35 George III. cap. 62. Act for amending an Act passed in the tenth year 
 of the reign of His present Majesty, intituled an "Act to enable the trustees 
 of the estates devised by William Hulme, Esquire, to grant building leases 
 thereof, and to increase the number of Exhibitioners to Brasennose College, in 
 Oxford, founded by the said testator, and for other purposes therein men- 
 tioned;" and to enable the trustees to convey in fee or grant leases for lives or 
 for long terms of years with or without covenants for renewal, under reserved 
 yearly rents, the said Trust Estates, and to enable the trustees to apply the 
 trust monies in making such allowance to the Exhibitioners as may be thought 
 proper, and for other purposes therein mentioned.
 
 17961 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 123 
 
 1796. 
 
 Mr. James Massey, many years president of the Infirmary, died at 
 Rostherne, Cheshire, January 2. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Battye published A Disclosure of Parochial Abuse, Artifice, 
 &c, in the Town of Manchester. January 25. This is one of several tracts in 
 which the author gives some curious particulars as to the management of the 
 affairs of the town. 
 
 Mr. John Shaw, master of the punch house in Smithy Door, died January 
 26, aged 83. He was well known for his eccentricities, one of which was to 
 turn out all his customers at eight o'clock in the evening ; if any of them were 
 obstinate his servant Molly, with her mop and pail, would come, and if this 
 did not serve he would order a servant to bring him a whip. He had occupied 
 the above house upwards of fifty-eight years. There is an interesting notice of 
 him in Harland's Collectanea. 
 
 Mr. George Swindells, printer and publisher, died March 1, aged 36. 
 
 A riot took place in the Theatre Royal during the singing of " God save the 
 King," March 7. The day after the playbills had the following heading : 
 " ' God save the King' will be sung at the end of the farce, to give the Non. 
 Cons, time to retire." 
 
 Mr. John Chadwick, sen., patron and supporter of Sunday schools, died at 
 Longsight, March 26. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Peel, widow of Robert Peel, of Ardwick, and daughter of 
 Edmund Haworth, of Blackburn, died, March. 
 
 Mr. William Clowes, son of Samuel Clowes, Broughton, died at Glandon, 
 Derbyshire, May 15. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Seddon died, 17th May, on his passage to the West Indies as 
 chaplain of the 104th Regiment. He was born at Eccles in 1753, and matricu- 
 lated at Oxford, but did not take any degree, although he styled himself M.A. 
 From 1777 until his death he was curate of Stretford, and in 1779 published, 
 anonymously, a work entitled Characteristic Strictures, which, in the form of a 
 criticism upon a supposed exhibition of portraits, contains satirical remarks 
 upon the public personages of the district. Like some other satirists, he was 
 not remarkable for good conduct, and whether at Stretford, Wigan, or Lydgate, 
 seems to have been in constant trouble. Another work, Letters to an Officer in 
 the Army (Warrington, 1786) is of some interest. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Eason died 27th May, aged 61. He was born in 1735, and in 
 early life he travelled with Lord Moira, and afterwards was surgeon to the 
 Marquis of Drogheda's dragoons. He gave much of his time to the poor of 
 Manchester, and a tablet to his memory, the proceeds of a penny subscription, 
 was placed in the Collegiate Church, where he is buried. He died of paralysis 
 resulting from dislocation of the spine, caused by the stumbling of his horse 
 when riding to see a patient, Miss Yates, of Clugh, an aunt of Sir Robert Peel. 
 (Smith's Centenary, p. 128.) 
 
 Robert Darby, M.D., physician to the Infirmary, died July 30. 
 
 Sir John Prestwich, of Prestwich and Hulme, died at Dublin, August 15. 
 His claim to the baronetcy was not universally allowed. lie was the author of 
 A Dissertation on Mineral, Animal, and Vegetable Poisons, 1775, and of
 
 124 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1797 
 
 Respublica, 1777. He left a MS. History of Liverpool which has never been 
 printed. He was the son of Sir Elias Prestwich who died in 1785. (Gentleman's 
 Magazine, lxv., 879, 967.) There is a rude portrait of Sir John amongst 
 Barritt's MSS. at Chetham's Library. 
 
 The Stockport, Bolton, and Rochdale Volunteers were reviewed on Kersal 
 Moor, August 25. 
 
 A constable, sent to serve a warrant in the neighbourhood of Newton, was 
 compelled by the people to eat the offensive document. 
 
 Two well-known dwarfs, Thomas Allen and "Lady" Morgan, exhibited 
 themselves here. She was 39 years old, and weighed 181b. 
 
 The gentry, clergy, and tradesmen pledged themselves, in a series of 
 resolutions, advertised in the newspapers, to reduce the use of wheat flour at 
 least one-third. Pies and puddings ceased to appear on the tables of some of 
 the middle classes. The working classes were already on the verge of 
 starvation. 
 
 1797. 
 
 The formation of the Manchester and Salford Volunteers decided at a 
 meeting at the Bull's Head, February 28. 
 
 John Drinkwater, M.D., died 16th March. This physician was the father 
 of General Drinkwater, the author of the History of the Siege of Gibraltar. 
 
 The 1st and 2nd battalions of Manchester and Salford Volunteer Infantry 
 drawn out for the first time. March. 
 
 In Trinity Church, Salford, there is a white marble monument, with the 
 following inscription — 
 
 " Sacred to the memory of Thomas Drinkwater, Major of His Majesty's 
 62nd Regiment of Foot, who perished at sea, on his return from the West 
 Indies, the 23rd of April, 1797, aged 32 years. 
 
 " Thrice had his foot Domingo's island prest, 
 
 'Midst horrid wars and fierce barbarian wiles ; 
 Thrice had his blood repell'd the yellow pest 
 
 That stalks, gigantic, through the Western Isles 
 Returning to his native shores again. 
 
 In hopes t'embrace a father — brother — friends, 
 Alas ! the faithless ratlin snaps in twain, 
 
 He falls, and to a watery grave descends." 
 
 " Major Drinkwater was the second 3on of John Drinkwater, M.D., and 
 Eliz. Andrews, his wife, who are buried in the centre aisle of this chapel ; and 
 this monument was erected by his only surviving brother, Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Drinkwater, as an affectionate tribute to his memory." 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Volunteers completely equipped and incor- 
 porated, June 3. 
 
 Mr. John Tipping, son of Joseph Tipping, died at Claxby, Lincolnshire, 
 July 3. 
 
 Mr. Jeremiah Bardsley died, aged 90 years, July 5. He is described as the 
 oldest Methodist in the town. 
 
 The volunteers, in St. Ann's Square, fired a salute on the anniversary of 
 the King's birthday. July 5.
 
 17981 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 125 
 
 Margaret Redmay, wife of Thomas Redmay, sexton of St. Mary's Church, 
 was killed by falling from the belfry of the steeple of that church, September 
 16. She was 65 years of age, and was assistant sexton over forty years. 
 
 There were riots owing to the high price of corn and flour in November. 
 
 Mr. Orion Adams died in great poverty near Chester. He was the son of 
 Roger Adams, and was born in 1717, and in 1752 started the Manchester Weekly 
 Journal, but was not a successful man of business. Little is known of his 
 adventurous career. He is said to have "walked from London to Chester in 
 his 70th year, with a heart as light as his pocket." At the finish his employ- 
 ment was that of distributing playbills for a company of strollers. 
 
 Mr. River Jordan, when a boy attending the school kept by Henry Clarke 
 in Salford, used to ride on a pony past the top of Cross Lane, where Grind- 
 rod's body still hung on the gibbet. (Palatine JSi ote-book, iv., p. 140.) 
 
 The instructions to the constables as to the licensing of alehouse-keepers 
 set forth that the licences are forfeited if the holders allow mountebanks or 
 quack doctors to perform on their premises, if there is bull-baiting or horse- 
 racing, if there is tippling on the Lord's day, if there is drinking after nine at 
 night, or if there is any " club or society" for money, clocks, watches, or furni- 
 ture. (Axon's Lancashire Gleanings, p. 72.) 
 
 Mrs. Dorothy Byrom, daughter of Mr. John Byrom, died. 
 
 The Amphitheatre, in Chatham Street, was opened by Mr. Handy, whose 
 numerous company of equestrians (except himself and two or three who went 
 by Holyhead) were lost on their passage from Liverpool to Dublin. 
 
 A House of Recovery for sick and fever patients was opened in Aytoun 
 Street. 
 
 Admiral Lord Duncan's victory over the Dutch was celebrated with great 
 rejoicings. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Battye published Th.e Reel Basil Book ; or, Parish Register of 
 Arrears for the Maintenance of the Offspring of Illicit Amours, in which 
 there are some curious revelations of the management of local affairs. 
 
 37 George III. cap. 71. Act for enlarging the permanent powers of Act 
 passed in the twenty-fourth year of His late Majesty King George II. for 
 repairing the road from Crossford Bridge to the town of Manchester, and for 
 mending the road from Crossford Bridge aforesaid to a certain place in 
 Altrincham, in the county of Chester. 
 
 1798. 
 
 Colonel Ackers' Regiment of Manchester and Salford Volunteers were 
 drawn out at Piccadilly, and presented with their colours by Mrs. Hartley, 
 February 14. 
 
 Rev. Maurice Griffiths, D.D., died 25th February, aged 77. He was rural 
 dean, rector of St. Mary's, and fellow of the Collegiate Church. Rev. John 
 Gatliffe was appointed to the vacant fellowship, March 12. 
 
 St. George's Church, St. George's Road, was opened for divine service 
 April 1. It was subsequently occupied by ministers of Lady Huntingdon's 
 connection. It was not consecrated until Januai'3' 17, 1818. The site was taken 
 by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company and the church was 
 rebuilt in Oldham Road.
 
 12(5 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 P-799 
 
 38 George III. cap. 32. Act to enable the Company of Proprietors of the 
 Canal Navigation from Manchester to or near Ashton-under-Lyne and Oldham, 
 to finish and complete the same, and the several cuts and other works author- 
 ised to be made and done by them by the several Acts passed for that purpose, 
 and for amending the said Acts and granting to the said company further and 
 other powers. May 26. 
 
 Colonel Ford's Manchester and Salford Light Horse Volunteers assembled 
 opposite the house of Thomas Johnson, in High Street, to receive their colours, 
 which were the gift of Mr. Johnson, and presented by Mrs. Ford. October 25. 
 
 There were riots owing to a failure in the crops of corn. December 16. The 
 authorities offered premiums to such persons as brought each day the largest 
 quantity of wheaten flour or oatmeal to the Manchester market. 
 
 Sir John Parker Mosley, baronet, lord of the manor, died, aged 67. He was 
 the youngest son of Nicholas, the third son of Nicholas Mosley, of Ancoats. 
 When a young man he was a hatter, and was assisted by his relatives out of 
 financial difficulties arising from a passion for cock-fighting. He was after- 
 wards equally remarkable for his steady and upright conduct. In later life he 
 was esteemed "a Methodist." In 1781 he received a baronetcy — the third 
 granted to the family. He was high sheriff in 1786, and soon after ceased to 
 reside at Ancoats Hall. (Mosley's Family Memoirs. Axon's Lancashire 
 Gleanings.) He was succeeded by his grandson, Sir Oswald Mosley. (See 
 under date 1871.) 
 
 Lord Nelson's victory at the Battle of the Nile was celebrated by a proces- 
 sion of the authorities and military, and by public dinners and illuminations. 
 
 Seven persons were standing in a wooden shed which projected over the 
 river near the New Bailey, and were looking at a coach and horses which had 
 been lost at Stannyhurst Old Bridge the previous night, and on their passage 
 down the flood had stuck fast between an arch of New Bailey Bridge, when 
 the floor gave way, and those who were upon it were precipitated into the 
 river. A boy and girl were saved, but a man and five women were drowned. 
 
 A list of the members of the Royal Manchester and Salford Light Horse 
 Volunteers is printed in Earwaker's Local Gleanings, No. 63. 
 
 1799. 
 
 Mr. John Markland, of Ardwick, died 17th January. He was the father of 
 Mr. Markland, high sheriff, of a Lancashire family. 
 
 39 George III. cap. 25. Act for more effectually repairing and improving 
 the roads from Manchester, through Oldham to Austerlands, in the parish of 
 Saddleworth, and from Oldham to Ashton-under-Lyne, and from Oldham to 
 the village of Royton. May 10. 
 
 The officers of Col. Ackers's regiment of volunteers presented their Colone' 
 with a large silver vase and four goblets. May 29. 
 
 Colours were presented to the first battalion of the Manchester and Salford 
 Volunteers, of which Thomas Butterworth Bayley was the Colonel. On this 
 occasion a sermon was preached by the Rev. Samuel Hall, who was the chaplain 
 of the corps, June 4. 
 
 St. Andrew's Presbyterian Chapel, Lloyd Street, was built, and opened for 
 worship, June 13.
 
 1800] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 127 
 
 39 George III. cap. 64. Act for continuing for twenty-one years, and from 
 thence to the end of the then next Session of Parliament, the term and 
 enlarging the powers of an Act passed in the thirty-third year of the reign of 
 His present Majesty, intituled an Act for repairing, widening, altering, 
 diverting, and turning the road from Ardwick Green to the Bridge at the 
 Cornmills at Wilmslow. July 1. 
 
 Mr. Peter Clare died 30th July. He was an ingenious clock-maker and 
 mechanic, and was the father of Peter Clare, the friend of Dalton. 
 
 Mr. Matthew Wilkinson, steward to the trustees of the Free Grammar 
 School, died in August. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Clowes, jun., of Broughton, died Oct. 5. He was Lieut.-Colonel 
 of the Royal Lancashire Volunteers. 
 
 The authorities of the town entertained at dinner Colonel Stanley and the 
 officers of the First Lancashire Militia, on their return from Ireland. Nov. 23. 
 
 Messrs. Robinsons' factory, opposite the New Bailey, was burned down, 
 resulting in damage estimated at £12,000. 
 
 Soup shops were opened owing to the high price of provisions and the 
 destitute condition of the operatives. 
 
 A general fast was proclaimed. The first and second battalions of Man- 
 chester and Salford Volunteers were drawn out for the first time, and marched 
 to church. Colonel Bayley commanded the first battalion, and Colonel Silvester 
 the second. 
 
 The following volunteer corps were reviewed by Major-General Nichols, 
 viz., Colonel Ford's Light Horse, Colonel Ackers' s Infantry, Colonel Thomas B. 
 Bayley's First Battalion, and Colonel Silvester's Second Battalion. 
 
 1800. 
 
 Salisbury's factory, at Knot Mill, was destroyed by fire. A young woman 
 lost her life by this disaster. January 29. 
 
 Mr. Jonathan Pollard's factory, in Ancoats, burnt down, February 3. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Gilbody died 31st March, aged 78. He was for 64 years boat- 
 builder to the Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company. 
 
 At a meeting, oth May, of the General Committee of Sunday Schools it was 
 decided that a certain number of the rooms should be henceforth called Church 
 of England schools, and to be governed by the clergy and their friends, and t hat 
 the same right belong to the Dissenters with respect to the other schools. Dr. 
 Cornelius Bayley is regarded as the chief author of this separation. (Bardsley's 
 Memorials, pp. 121-5.) 
 
 39 and 40 George III. cap. 24. Act for amending the several Acts passed for 
 making, finishing, and completing the Canal Navigation from Manchester to or 
 near Ashton-under-Lyne and Oldham, and the several cuts and other works 
 authorised to be made and done by the company of proprietors of the said 
 Canal Navigation, and for granting to the said company further and other 
 powers. May 16. 
 
 39 and 40 George III. cap. 36. Act for better enabling the Company of 
 Proprietors of the Rochdale Canal to raise money for completing the said 
 canal, and to vary the line of the said Canal, and to alter, explain, and amend
 
 128 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1801 
 
 the Act passed in the thirty-fourth year of the reign of His present Majesty, 
 for making the said canal. May 30. 
 
 Richard Assheton, D.D., died 6th June. He was warden of the Collegiate 
 Church, Manchester, and rector of Middleton. He was born at Middleton, 
 August 16, 1727. 
 
 The Bible Christian Church, King Street, Salford, was opened 28th Sept. 
 
 A fire, by which warehouses in Hodson Square were burnt down Decem- 
 ber 10, caused damages to the extent of £50,000, exclusive of the buildings. 
 
 Dean's cotton factory, Oxford Road, was destroyed by fire, December 30. 
 The damage was estimated at £13,000. 
 
 Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Great Bridgewater Street, built. 
 
 Dr. John Mitchell published The First of the New Exposition of the Reve- 
 lation of the Apostle John, by J. M., M.D. (London, 1800). He was a believer 
 in the millennium. (Hibbert Ware's Life of S. Hibbert Ware, p. 241.) 
 
 Thomas Blackburne, LL.D., appointed warden. 
 
 Mr. James Ackers, of Lark Hill, Salford, having been appointed high 
 sheriff, was escorted from his residence by the whole corps of volunteers and a 
 numerous assemblage of gentry, &c, of the town and neighbourhood, forming 
 a procession of upwards of a mile in length. 
 
 Margaret Macaulay, a well-known beggar, died at the reputed age of 101. 
 
 1801. 
 
 Isaac Perrins died 6th January, in consequence of injuries received whilst 
 trying to save life and property at a fire. He was noted for his success in the 
 prize-ring; but was defeated by Thomas Johnson in 17S9. At one time he was 
 leader of a country choir, at another manager of a Birmingham manufactory, 
 and at still another period was a publican in Manchester. At the close of his 
 career he was the conductor of the fire engines in Manchester. This son of 
 Anak was of a mild disposition, and when challenged to fisticuffs by G, F. 
 Cooke, the actor, calmly picked him up in his arms like a child, and carried 
 him into the street. (Procter's Turf, p. 74.) 
 
 Littlewood and Kirby's cotton mill, which stood on the banks of the Med- 
 lock, was destroyed by fire, when twenty-three persons lost their lives. 
 January 27. 
 
 Mr. Holland Ackers, of Lark Hill, Salford, died, 17th April, aged 56. 
 
 The children attending the Church of England Sunday schools walked in 
 procession, Whit Monday, May 6, to the Collegiate Church, where Warden 
 Blackburne preached a special sermon. This was the beginning of the popular 
 Whit-week procession. (Bardsley's Memorials, p. 126.) 
 
 Union Public Corn Mills founded May 14 by John Tetlow, boroughreeve of 
 Manchester. 
 
 The cotton factory of Wareham and Company, Bury Street, Salford, was 
 destroyed by fire May 20. The damage was estimated at £2,000. 
 
 Mr. Richard Hall died 1st June. He was surgeon to the Manchester and 
 Salford Volunteers, and was buried with military honours in the family vault 
 in the Ducie Chapel, in the Collegiate Church. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Clowes, of Broughton Old Hall, died June 17, aged 34.
 
 1802] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 129 
 
 41 George III. cap. 96. Act for continuing for twenty-one years, and from 
 thence to the end of the then next Session of Parliament, the term and 
 altering and enlarging the powers of an Act passed in the thirty-third year of 
 the reign of His present Majesty, intituled, an Act for repairing, widening, 
 altering, diverting, and turning the road from Hurdlow House, through 
 Buxton, in the county of Derby, and Stockport, in the county of Chester, to 
 Manchester. June 20. 
 
 The Court Leet jury presented eleven owners of factories for not consuming 
 the smoke in the mill chimneys. They were fined respectively £100, but the 
 fines were respited to allow time for the chimneys to be altered. June. 
 
 The Peace of Amiens was celebrated in Manchester by illuminations, pro- 
 cessions, &c, October 4. 
 
 Miss Elizabeth Byrom, of Kersal Cell, daughter of JohnByrom, F.R.S., died 
 December 2. 
 
 Mr. Peter Drinkwater, of Irwell House, Agecroft, died on his journey to 
 London, December 2. 
 
 The Presbyterian Chapel, New Windsor, Salford, was erected. It was 
 rebuilt 1817. 
 
 Bolton and Bury Canal opened to Salford. 
 
 Colonel Silvester's regiment of Manchester and Salford Volunteers were 
 presented with colours. They were consecrated in the Collegiate Church by 
 the Rev. C. W. Ethelston, chaplain of the regiment. 
 
 The Scramble Club formed at " Old Froggart's," the Unicorn Inn, Church 
 Street. It was removed successively to the Garrick's Head Inn, Fountain 
 Street ; the Spread Eagle, Hanging Ditch ; and the Blackfriars Inn, where it 
 remained till 181S, when it migrated to the Clarence Hotel. Jonathan Peel, 
 cousin of the first Sir Robert Peel, gave the name in a joke to this club, which 
 included many well-known citizens. 
 
 The Independent Chapel, Jackson's Lane (now Great Jackson Street), 
 Hulme, was built. 
 
 The population of Manchester, including Ardwick, Cheetham, Chorlton, 
 and Hulme, at the first census, was 75,275. That of Salford including Brough- 
 ton, 14,477. 
 
 1802. 
 
 A great storm caused great destruction of property ; a cotton factory was 
 blown down at Pendleton, and one of the dial plates of St. Ann's clock was 
 forced out. January 21. 
 
 Colonel Ackers's Regiment of Manchester and Salford Volunteers was dis- 
 banded ; the colours were deposited in the Collegiate Church, March 10. 
 
 Lord Wilton's Regiment of Lancashire Volunteers returned from Ireland, 
 where they had been stationed for five years. May 13. 
 
 The non-commissioned officers and privates of Lord Wilton's Regiment 
 were entertained at dinner by their colonel, in the College Yard. After dinner 
 they "chaired" him several times round the yard, and from thence into St. 
 Ann's Square. May 22. 
 
 The first and second battalions of the Manchester and Salford Volunteers 
 were disbanded. They were drawn up in Camp Field, when the thanks of the 
 1
 
 130 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1802 
 
 House of Commons and the inhabitants of the town, for their services, were 
 read to them. The colours were deposited at the house of Colonel J. L. 
 Phillips, at Mayfield, June 1. 
 
 Thomas Sowler died 5th June. He was a printer and bookseller, and 
 grandfather of Thomas Sowler, the founder of the Manchester Courier. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Butterworth Bayley, F.R.S., died at Buxton, June 24. He was 
 son of Daniel Bayley, and was born at Manchester in 1744. Almost as soon as 
 he attained his majority he was appointed a Justice of the Peace, and became 
 perpetual Chairman of Quarter Sessions. In 1768 he was High Sheriff. He 
 was one of the founders of the Manchester Agricultural Society, Manchester 
 Literary and Philosophical Society, and of a Society for the purpose of effecting 
 the Abolition of the Slave Trade. He laid the first stone of the New Bailey 
 Prison, which is said to have been so named in his honour by the unanimous 
 vote of the Bench of Magistrates, but this has been denied. Mr. Bayley was 
 author of Observations on the General Highway and Turnpike Acts, 1773 ; 
 Charge delivered to the Grand Jury on the Opening of the New Bayley Court 
 House, at the Quarter Sessions at Manchester, April 22nd, 1790 ; Thoughts on 
 the necessity and advantage of Care and (Economy in Collecting and Preser- 
 ving different substances for Manure, 1795, 2nd edition, 1796, third, 1799, and 
 an essay On a cheap and expeditious method of draining land, which was 
 printed in Hunter's Georgical Essays. Bayley was colonel of the regiment 
 of Manchester and Salford Volunteers; he was a trustee of Cross Street Chapel, 
 and of St. John's Church, Deansgate. 
 
 Dame Frances Lever, relict of Sir Ashton Lever, died at Alkrington, 
 July 21. 
 
 Col. Thomas Stanley and Mr. John Ireland Blackburne, representatives of 
 the county, were entertained at a public dinner by the inhabitants of Man- 
 chester, July 22nd. 
 
 Mr. James Ogden, "Poet Ogden," died 17 th Aug. He was born at Manchester 
 in 1718, and was by trade a fustian shearer, but afterwards became master of a 
 school connected with the Collegiate Church. He wrote The British Lion 
 Rous' d, Manchester, 1762 ; The Revolution, Manchester, 1790 ; Emanuel ; or, 
 Paradise Regained, Manchester, 1797 ; Sans Culotte and Jacobine, Man- 
 chester, 1800. None of these writings possess merit. He was the father 
 of William Ogden the Radical reformer. (Procter's Literary Reminiscences.) 
 
 Shawcross and Barnes's factory, in Portland Street, was burned down, 
 September 7. The damage was estimated at £20,000. 
 
 The Rev. John Pope died, 28th Oct. He was minister of a Dissenting 
 congregation at Blackley. 
 
 Mr. William Sudlow died in October. He was a music-seller in Hanging 
 Ditch, and the father of John Sudlow, organist of the Collegiate Church. 
 
 43 George III. cap. 3. Act for continuing the term and altering and 
 enlarging the powers of an Act passed in the thirty-eighth year of the reign of 
 His present Majesty, intituled, An Act for more effectually repairing, 
 widening, altering, and improving the road from the town of Manchester, by a 
 place called the White Smithy, in the township of Crumpsall, to the town of 
 Rochdale, and also the road from the said place called the White Smithy, by a
 
 1803] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 131 
 
 place called Besses-of-the-Barn, to the town of Bury, and also from the said 
 place called Besses-of-the-Barn to Radcliffe Bridge, and also the lane called the 
 Sheepfoot Lane, in the township of Prestwich, so far as the same relates to a 
 certain district of road therein described, called the Manchester district. 
 December 29. 
 
 The Philanthropic Society was founded. 
 
 Colonel Ford's Regiment of Light Horse Volunteers were disbanded, and 
 the colours deposited at Claremont. 
 
 The Lancashire Commercial Clerks' Society was established. 
 
 42 George III. cap. 95. Act for enabling the guardian of Elizabeth 
 Henrietta Phillips, Spinster, an infant, to sell and convey in fee farm her 
 undivided fourth part, or join with the owners of the other shares, in selling 
 and conveying in fee farm the entirety of several plots or parcels of land in 
 Manchester, under yearly reserved rents, for the purpose of building upon. 
 
 1803. 
 
 The Manchester Telegraph and Weekly Advertiser, No. 1, January 1, 
 price sixpence, was printed and published by James Edmonds and Co., Bow 
 Lane. 
 
 The last toll at the New Bailey Bridge was paid off, January 31. 
 
 Francis Egerton, Duke of Bridgewater, died 8th March. He was born 20th 
 May, 1736, and succeeded to the title on the death of his brother in 1748. An 
 early disappointment in love is said to have led him to retire to his Lancashire 
 estate, where he conceived the idea of a canal navigation. In the carrying out 
 of this enterprise he had the advantage of the help of James Brindley, an engi- 
 neering genius of the first class. The story of the construction of the 
 Bridgewater Canal is told in Dr. Smiles's Lives of the Engineers, and in 
 Espinasse's Lancashire Worthies. The Duke of Bridgewater contributed 
 £100,000 to the "loyalty loan." His canal property and coalmines at the 
 time of his death were realising from £50,000 to £80,000 a year. The title 
 became extinct, but the canal property was entailed on Lord Francis Egerton, 
 the second son of the Marquis of Stafford. 
 
 Mr. Robert Walker died at Little Moss, May 6. He was born at Carrington 
 Barn, Audenshaw, July 27, 1728, and was a handloom weaver. Like many 
 others of that calling he was a keen politician, and Burke's reference to the 
 " swinish multitude " excited his indignation, and some pieces in the dialect, 
 first written on a slate hanging by the side of his loom, appeared in the Man- 
 chester Gazette, and were reprinted in 1796 under the title of Plebeian Politics. 
 His portrait is prefixed to a later edition of this witty little book. He is 
 buried in Ashton Churchyard. 
 
 The Philological Society, instituted by Dr. Adam Clarke for the cultivation 
 of literature in general, and the diffusion of useful knowledge, September 23. 
 
 The Tou-nsman, No. 1, appeared December 7. The editor of this theatrical 
 paper was the eccentric James Watson, better known as " The Doctor." 
 
 Colonel Joseph Hanson was presented at court, and was, it is said, com- 
 manded by George III. to appear with his hat on, and in the regimentals of the 
 Manchester Rifle Regiment, of which he was the commander, December 21. 
 
 The Argus, No. 1, published by Joseph Aston.
 
 132 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1304 
 
 The following volunteer corps were raised in Manchester in the course of 
 this year : Manchester Light Horse Volunteers, Shakspeare Philips, Colonel ; 
 Ackers's Volunteers, James Ackers, Colonel; Silvester's Volunteers, John 
 Silvester, Colonel; St. George's Corps, John Cross, Colonel; Fourth Class 
 Volunteers, G. Philips, Colonel ; Hulme Volunteers, Major Pooley ; Pendleton 
 Volunteers, Captain Abbot ; Trafford Volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel Cooke ; 
 Loyal Masonic Volunteer Rifle Corps, Joseph Hanson, Colonel. 
 
 Kennedy's factory in German Street was burned down, and one of the 
 firemen killed. 
 
 A market opened in Bridge Street. 
 
 The officers of the Manchester and Salford Volunteer Regiments were each 
 presented with a gold medal, as a testimony of gratitude from their fellow- 
 townsmen for their patriotic services. 
 
 Pickfords, the carriers, offered to place at the disposal of Government, 
 should they be required, 400 horses, 50 wagons, and 28 boats. 
 
 The cost of equipping a Manchester Light Horse Volunteer was £25 8s. 6d. 
 
 1804. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Harrop died 20th January, aged 67. He was a native of 
 Manchester, and a printer and bookseller, as well as proprietor of the 
 Manchester Mercury. He was succeeded in business by his son, James 
 Harrop. 
 
 High floods in the Irwell did considerable damage in January. 
 
 James Robinson was married to Ann Hilton, at St. John's Church, by the 
 Rev. John Clowes, February 6. This was the first marriage celebrated in that 
 church, notwithstanding the right granted and confirmed thirty-five years 
 before, by the Act of Parliament on which the church was founded. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Furnival died 22nd February, aged 66. He was the governor of 
 the House of Correction, Hunt's Bank. 
 
 44 George III. cap. 9. Act for enabling the Company of Proprietors of the 
 Rochdale Canal more effectually to provide for the discharge of their debts, 
 and to complete the whole of the works to be executed by them in pursuance 
 of the several Acts passed for making and maintaining the said canal. March 23. 
 
 The Hay Market was fixed in Bridgewater Street, and the Shudehill Potato 
 Market removed to St. John's Market, March 24. The last was afterwards 
 established in Smithfield Market and Oldham Road, adjoining the Lancashire 
 and Yorkshire Goods Station. 
 
 The Rev. John Clowes preached a sermon on the occasion of the presenta- 
 tion of colours to the First Battalion, Fourth Class, of Manchester and Salford 
 Volunteers, April 2. 
 
 There was a grand review of the local Volunteer Corps, consisting of 5,816 
 men, on Sale Moor, in Cheshire, by the Duke of Gloucester and his son, Prince 
 "William, April 12. The stand fell, and one person was killed. This is referred 
 to in Mrs. Linnaeus Banks's Manchester Man. 
 
 Mr. Nathaniel Wood died 1st June, aged 60. He was a patten maker ic 
 Hanging Bridge, and was known by the nickname of "Patten Nat." A wag
 
 1804] Annals of Manchester. 133 
 
 wrote the following doggerel upon him at the public-house he used to frequent 
 in Salford : — 
 
 " Patten Nat, he is so fat, 
 That he can hardly walk, 
 With sitting here, and drinking beer, 
 And hearing puppies talk. " 
 
 There is a portrait of Nat in the Scrap Album at Chetham's College. 
 
 There was a public procession to Ardwick Green, to celebrate the birthday 
 of George III., June 4. 
 
 44 George III. cap. 49. Act for more effectually amending the road leading 
 from the New Wall, on the Parade, in the township of Castleton, in the parish 
 of Rochdale, through Middleton, to the Mere Stone, in the township of Great 
 Heaton, and to the town of Manchester, June 5. 
 
 Mr. Ralph Whitehead died 10th June. He was the leader of the band of 
 the Fourth Class of Manchester and Salford Volunteers. 
 
 The British Volunteer, No. 1, June 30, was printed and published by 
 James Harrop, in the Market Place, price 6d. 
 
 A duel was fought on Kersal Moor between Major Phillips, commander of 
 the Manchester and Salford Cavalry, and Mr. Jones, a private in the same 
 corps, July 9. 
 
 Rev. Doming Rasbotham died 18th July. He was a fellow of the Collegiate 
 Church. 
 
 Colonel John Leigh Philips and Colonel Joseph Hanson met upon Kersal 
 Moor, to fight a duel, but were arrested and bound over to keep the peace, 
 July 25. 
 
 The roof of the Bible Christian Church, King Street, Salford, fell in, 
 August 23. 
 
 Reverend John Johnson died 22nd September. He was born near Norwich 
 and after hearing a sermon preached in one of the chapels of the Countess of 
 Huntingdon he was one of the first six students ordained in the plan of 
 secession. He settled at Wigan, and preached ac Chorley and Bretherton 
 where there was a riotous disturbance which led to a trial at the Quarter 
 Sessions. He next moved to Tyldesley, and then visited America, and had a 
 stiff legal contest, in which he was worsted, as to the Orphan House founded 
 by AVhitfield. Returning to England he was imprisoned for debts contracted 
 in erecting the chapel at Tyldesley. He came to Manchester and secured St. 
 George's Church, which had been built for Anglican services, but had not been 
 consecrated, and the builder having become insolvent it passed into the hands 
 of the creditors. Here he gathered an appreciative audience. On one occasion 
 he preached three sermons in Hebrew to the Jews of Manchester. He left 
 various MS. works, some in shorthand, and published The Lcvitc's Journal; 
 and a prospectus of a universal language. The Rev. William Roby preached 
 his funeral sermon, which was printed. 
 
 The Duke of Gloucester, accompanied by his son, Prince William, inspected 
 the whole volunteer force of the town at Ardwick ; after which they paid a 
 visit to Chetham's Hospital, September 30. 
 
 Colonel Cross's Regiment, known as the St. George's Corps of Manchester 
 and Salford Volunteer Infantry, was disbanded in September.
 
 134 Annals of Manchester 
 
 [1505 
 
 Mr. George Lloyd, barrister, died October 12. 
 
 Mr. Griffith Cheese died 10th November. He was organist of the Collegiate 
 
 Church, and a musical composer. He is buried in the Collegiate Church. 
 
 Mr. Gerard Bancks died in November. He was a printer and bookseller, 
 
 and an officer in the volunteers. 
 
 The Rochdale and Halifax Canal to Knot Mill was opened December 20. 
 The Rochdale Canal was opened. The committee came from Rochdale to 
 
 Manchester in two boats, accompanied by the band of the 1st battalion of the 
 
 Manchester and Salford Volunteers, and on the same evening a boat loaded 
 
 with goods came from Rochdale to Manchester, and proceeded through to 
 
 Liverpool next morning. December 21. 
 
 The Manchester Guide, price 6d., by Joseph Aston. It gives a concise 
 
 view of the state of the town at this date. 
 
 The Rev. R. H. Whitelocke was appointed postmaster in the place of Mr. 
 
 James Harrop, printer. 
 
 St. Luke's Chapel, Bedford Street, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, was built by 
 
 the Rev. E. Smyth. It was consecrated 1858, and rebuilt 1865. It is now a 
 
 parish and rectory. 
 
 From returns it appears that in Manchester and Salford there were the 
 
 following volunteer companies : — 
 
 Men. 
 
 Volunteer Cavalry, Major Shakespeare Phillips 138 
 
 Volunteer Artillery, Colonel Earl Wilton 113 
 
 Royal Manchester and Salford Volunteers, Colonel Ackers 1,017 
 
 2nd Battalion Royal M. & S., Lieut.-Colonel Sylvester 1,057 
 
 St. George's Volunteers, Colonel Cross 300 
 
 Hulme Volunteers, Major Pooley 190 
 
 Swinton, Captain Bullock 83 
 
 Pendleton, Captain Ablett 110 
 
 Fourth-class Manch. and Salf. Volunteers, Lieut.-Col. G. Philips.. 386 
 
 Trafford Volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel Cooke 845 
 
 First Regt. Manch. and Salf. Volunteers, Lieut.-Col. Phillips... "j 1 
 
 } V 
 
 Heaton Norris Volunteers, Captain Dale 
 
 Failsworth Pikemen, Captain Birch 192 
 
 Manchester, Salford, Bury, and Stockport Rifle and Pikemen, 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Hanson 676 
 
 There is a list of the companies and officers in Earwaker's Local Gleanings, 
 where the numbers of the men are in some cases slightly different. 
 
 The order-book of the Royal Manchester and Salford Volunteers during 
 their march from Bolton to Preston and return is printed in Earwaker's Local 
 Gleanings, Nos. 182, 189, 196. 
 
 1805. 
 
 The Mail was printed and published by Joseph Aston, No. 1, January 1. 
 Price sixpence. 
 
 The factory of G. Ollivant, in Bury Street, Salford, was destroyed by fire, 
 January 7. 
 
 The factory of T. Rowley and Co., Oldfield Lane, destroyed by fire, Feb. 26.
 
 1805] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 135 
 
 The factory of John Read, at Islington, Ancoats, was destroyed by fire 
 February 26. 
 
 The factory of "Wood and Foster, at Garratt, destroyed by fire, March 1. 
 The damage was estimated at £20,000. 
 
 45 George III. cap. 4. Act to enable the Company of Proprietors of the 
 Canal Navigation from Manchester to Bolton and to Bury to raise money to 
 complete the same. March 12. 
 
 45 George III. cap. 11. Act for enabling the Company of Proprietors of the 
 Canal Navigation from Manchester to or near Ashton-under-Lyne and Oldham, 
 more effectually to provide for the discharge of their debts and to complete 
 the said canal and the cuts and works thereto belonging. March 18. 
 
 45 George III. cap. 38. Act for enabling Thomas Barrow, Esquire, and the 
 person and persons for the time being respectively entitled to the freehold in 
 possession of and in the moiety of certain estates in Manchester, under the 
 will of William Barrow, deceased, to grant and convey the same moiety in fee 
 simple for building upon, or otherwise improving the same, reserving rents, or 
 to make building leases thereof, or to join with the owner or owners, for the 
 time being, of the other moiety thereof, in making such grants and convey- 
 ances or leases respectively. May 17. 
 
 Ann Smith, a woman 30 years old, was murdered in Oak Street, May 31. 
 Mary Jackson was tried at Lancaster for the crime, but acquitted. 
 
 Two cousins of the name of Faulkner, belonging to Colonel Hanson's Rifle 
 Corps, were practising at the target, in the grounds attached to Strangeways 
 Hall, when one of them going behind the mark was shot through the body by 
 the other. June 7. 
 
 45 George III. cap. 59. Act to empower the Justices of the Peace within 
 the Division or Hundred of Salford to raise a sum of money to be paid by way 
 of salary to the Chairman of the Quarter Sessions for the said Hundred. 
 June 27. 
 
 The factory of Messrs. Buchan and Shaw, at Higher Ardwick, destroyed 
 by fire. July 14. 
 
 Rev. Mosley Cheek died 18th July. He was the founder of St. Stephen's 
 Ohurch, and chaplain of the New Bailey. 
 
 There were great public rejoicings on Ardwick Green for the victory oi 
 Trafalgar. Subscription was made for the relief of those who had lost 
 relatives in the engagement. November 21. The volunteers attended the 
 thanksgiving services 5th December. 
 
 Hindley's cotton factory, George Leigh Street, Ancoats, was burned down 
 December 20. 
 
 Thackary and Son's cotton factory, at Garratt, destroyed by fire Dec. 22. 
 
 The officers of the Manchester and Salford Rifle Corps presented to Joseph 
 Hanson, their colonel, a sword, a brace of pistols, and a pike. 
 
 Mr. Charles Gough, of Manchester, died upon the mountain of Helvellyn. 
 His remains were not discovered till three months afterwards, when they were 
 found guarded by a faithful terrier bitch, his constant attendant during fre- 
 quent solitary rambles through the wilds of Cumberland and Westmoreland.
 
 136 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 U80G 
 
 This melancholy incident was made the subject of a poem by Sir Walter Scott, 
 ending with the verses : — 
 
 " When a prince to the fato of the peasant has yielded, 
 
 The tapestry waves dark round the dim-lighted hall 
 With scutcheons of silver the coffin is shielded, 
 
 And pages stand mute by the canopial pall : 
 Through the courts, at deep midnight, the torches are gleaming, 
 In the proudly-arched chapel the banners are beaming, 
 Far adown the long aisle sacred music is streaming, 
 
 Lamenting a chief of the people should fall. 
 
 But meeter for thee, gentle lover of nature, 
 
 To lay down thy head like the meek mountain lamb, 
 When, 'wilder'd, he drops from some cliff huge in stature 
 
 And draws his last sob by the side of his dam. 
 And more stately thy couch by this desert lake lying, 
 Thy obsequies sung by the gray plover flying, 
 With one faithful friend but to witness thy dying, 
 
 In the arms of Helvellyn and Cathedicam." 
 
 Mr. W. M. Craig attempted the formation of a Manchester Academy for the 
 Promotion of Fine Arts, but the attempt failed. 
 
 The factory of Messrs. Lee and Phillips, Salf ord, was lighted with gas. This 
 was the first use of the new light in this district. 
 
 1806. 
 
 The Portico, Mosley Street, was opened January 20. Cost £7,000. 
 
 In the case of Mosley v. Stonehouse and Bailton, which was tried in the 
 King's Bench 11th February, the lord of the manor, as plaintiff, sought to com- 
 pel defendants to serve the office of constable, to which they had been 
 appointed. They claimed exemption as the holders of certificates known as 
 Tyburn tickets, and their claim was allowed. By 10 and 11 William III., c. 23, 
 those who obtained the conviction of a person charged with a capital offence 
 were entitled to exemption from parochial offices. This was repealed 58 Geo. 
 III. c. 70. 
 
 46 George III. cap. 2. Act for making and maintaining a road from Great 
 Bridgewater Street, in Manchester, across the Biver Irwell, through Salford, 
 to Eccles, and several branches of road to communicate therewith. March 22. 
 
 In making the new road from Manchester to Middleton the workmen 
 discovered a number of bones and a lead coffin in Collyhurst Clough. They are 
 supposed to be the remains of persons who died of the plague in 1605, when a 
 piece of land containing six acres was given by Mr. Bowland Mosley, lord of 
 the manor, as a burial-place for those who died of this disease. It was also 
 intended to erect cabins and build upon for the relief and harbour of infected 
 persons whenever the plague should appear in the town. March. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Barlow, governor of Chetham's Hospital, died April 9, aged 72. 
 
 Mr. Charles Lawson, M.A., died 19th April, aged 78 years. He was for 
 fifty-eight years master of the Free Grammar School. A monument, designed 
 by Bacon, is placed over the entrance into the chapter-house of the Collegiate 
 Church, with an inscription expressive of the estimation in which he was held. 
 There is a notice of him in Smith's Grammar School Register. De Quincey 
 has left a vivid account of the state of the school under Lawson's management.
 
 1806] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 137 
 
 The first stone of the Exchange was laid by Mr. George Phillips, July 21. 
 (See also under dates 1809 and 1872.) 
 
 46 George III. cap. 20. Act for enabling the Company of Proprietors of the 
 Rochdale Canal more effectually to provide for the discharge of their debts, and 
 to amend the several Acts passed for making and maintaining the said canal. 
 April 21. 
 
 Mr. "William Tate, an eminent portrait painter of this town, died at Bath, 
 June 2. He is said to have been born at either Manchester or Liverpool, was a 
 pupil of Wright, of Derby, and exhibited twelve portraits at the Society of 
 Artists, London, between 1771 and 1804. 
 
 46 George III. cap. 63. Act for more effectually improving the roads from 
 Manchester, through Oldham, to Austerlair's, in the parish of Saddleworth, and 
 from Oldham to Ashton-under-Lyne, and from Oldham to the village of Royton. 
 June 9. 
 
 46 George III. cap. 83. Act to extend the powers given to and vested in the 
 Trustees of certain lands in Manchester, Crumpsall, and Tetlow, in the county 
 of Lancaster, called Clarke's Charity Lands, by an Act made in the thirty-fifth 
 year of the reign of His present Majesty, intituled, An Act to enable the 
 Trustees of certain lands in Manchester, Crumpsall, and Tetlow, called Clarke's 
 Charity Lands, to make leases for years upon rack rents, and also to grant 
 building leases, and make conveyances in fee of and upon all or any part of the 
 said Lands, under reserved yearly rents. June 20. 
 
 46 George III. cap. 84. Act for enabling the Guardians of Francis Outram, 
 an infant, or of the persons, for the time being, entitled to the freehold in pos- 
 session of the moiety of certain estates situate in or near Ancoats Lane, Man- 
 chester, during their minorities, to carry into execution certain contracts 
 entered into with the several persons therein named for sale of part thereof, 
 and also for enabling such guardians to convey the residue in fee simple for 
 building upon, reserving rents, or to make building leases thereof; or to join 
 with the owners, for the time being, of the other moiety of the same estates in 
 carrying into execution such contracts, and in making such conveyances or 
 leases respectively, and for other purposes therein mentioned. June 20. 
 
 Mrs. Julia Young, wife of the highly-talented tragedian Mr. Charles Mayne 
 Young, then one of the managers of the Theatre Royal in this town, died 
 July 11. She was buried at Prestwich, and upon the gravestone are some lines 
 written by Joseph Aston. The spot was one which she selected when walking 
 there with her husband. Some interesting particulars are given in the Life of 
 C. M. Young, by his Son, the Rev. Julian Young. 
 
 The Lancashire Union of Independent Churches was founded at Mosley 
 Street Chapel, September 23. 
 
 Messrs. Norton and Co.'s dyehouse, at the Wallness, was burned down 
 October 9 ; damages £2,000. 
 
 Banns of marriage were published in St. Mary's Church for the first time, 
 October 19. 
 
 The Methodist New Connexion Chapel, Broad Street, Pendleton, was built. 
 
 Robert Southey visited Manchester. In his Letters of Espriella he has 
 given a curious account of his experience?
 
 138 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1807 
 
 Broughton Bridge built by Mr. Samuel Clowes. The passage over was free 
 to bis tenants in Broughton, but for other passengers a toll was levied. 
 Theatre Royal, Fountain Street, erected. 
 
 1807. 
 
 Julius Leuchte, leader of the band at the Gentlemen's Concert, died Jan. 16. 
 The Bev. John Lever died February, aged 75. He was the brother of 
 Sir Ashton Lever, of Alkrington. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of the Loyal Orange Institution of England established 
 at the Star Hotel, Deansgate. Colonel Taylor, of Moston, was elected Grand 
 Master. February. 
 
 Mr. Francis Duckinfield Astley, of Dukinfield, was appointed High Sheriff 
 for Cheshire, and passed through Manchester 12th April, with a splendid caval- 
 cade, accompanied by the Rifle Corps. 
 
 The Rev. Jeremiah Smith, D.D., of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 
 appointed master of the Free Grammar School, May 6. 
 
 The Theatre Royal, Fountain Street, was opened July 12, with the comedy 
 of Folly as it Flies and Rosina, under the management of Mr. Macready. 
 The rent was £2,000 a year. 
 
 There was a riot between the Orangemen and the Irish, in High Street, 
 July 13. 
 
 47 George III. stat. 2, cap. 81. Act to alter, amend, explain, and enlarge 
 the powers of the several Acts passed for making and maintaining the Rochdale 
 Canal Navigation. August 8. 
 
 As three boys were sliding upon the ponds in Strangeways Park, the ice 
 broke and they were let into the water, when two were saved by Mr. David 
 Law, jun. The other was drowned. November 29. 
 
 The Independent Chapel, Grosvenor Street, was opened in December. 
 James Massey, who was a prisoner in the New Bailey, charged with an 
 unnatural crime, hanged himself, and was buried near the " distance chair " on 
 Kersal Moor ; from whence he was afterwards removed and buried in the 
 ditch at the place where Grindrod was gibbeted, and was finally interred near 
 the Salford weighing machine. 
 
 The payment of cock penny abolished by the feoffees of the Free Grammai 
 School. 
 
 The Independent Methodist Chapel, Shaw Street, Salford, was opened. 
 The Baptist Chapel, York Street, was built. 
 
 The first packet boat from the New Bailey Bridge commenced sailing to 
 Runcorn. 
 
 John Lancaster died at Mere 10th August. He is said to have been the 
 first to open a Sunday school in Manchester. He was a shoemaker in a cellar 
 in London Road, where he started a school in 1785. {Manchester Guardian 
 Local Notes and Queries, No. 984.) 
 
 Rev. George Walker, F.R.S., died in London in 1807. He was born at 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne in 1735, and after preaching to Dissenting congregations at 
 Durham and Yarmouth became mathematical teacher at Warrington. In 
 1794 he was master at Nottingham, but came to Manchester as a professor at
 
 1808J 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 139 
 
 the Manchester Academy. He was president of the Literary and Philosophica' 
 Society, and the author of the Dissenter's Plea, and various essays on ethic; 
 and belles-lettres. (Smith's Centenary, p. 18G.) 
 
 Mr. Joseph Hanson resigned the command of the Manchester Loyal 
 Masonic Rifle Volunteers. 
 
 1808. 
 
 A dispute between the weavers and their employers respecting the rate of 
 wages led to a riot, May 24, 25. Lieutenant-Colonel Hanson appeared on the 
 field and endeavoured to pacify the weavers. One weaver was killed by the 
 militarv. 
 
 48 George III. cap. 43. Act for the more easy and speedy recovery of small 
 debts within the parish of Manchester. May 27. 
 
 48 George III. cap. 127. Act for enabling Sir Oswald Mosley, Baronet, to 
 grant certain lands and hereditaments, in the parish of Manchester, for the 
 purposes of the Manchester Public Infirmary, Dispensary, Lunatic Hospital or 
 Asylum, and for vesting the property and effects belong to the said Charity in 
 Trustees for the benefit thereof. June 18. 
 
 The Rev. John Darby died August 31, aged 71. He was for upwards of 
 forty years second master of the Free Grammar School, and on the death of Mr. 
 Lawson refused the head mastership on the ground of ill-health. 
 
 Mr. Nathaniel Philips, of Stand, in Pilkington, died September 29, aged 82. 
 
 A servant woman committed suicide by poison, and was buried at New 
 Cross, September 22. 
 
 The Rev. John Whitaker died at Ruan Rectory, 30th October. He was the 
 son of Mr. James Whitaker, and was born at Manchester and baptised at the 
 Collegiate Church. He entered the Grammar School 7th January, 1744-5 ; and 
 was exhibitioner to Brasenose, Oxford, 1752. He matriculated oth March, 1752, 
 and became Lancashire Scholar of Corpus Christi College 2nd March, 1753, 
 and fellow 21st January, 1763. He took his degrees as follows : B.A. 24th 
 October, 1755 ; M.A. 27th February, 1759 ; and B.D. 1st July, 1767. He was 
 elected a F.S.A. 10th January, 1771. He lived near Salford Bridge, circa 1772. 
 He was successively curate of Bray, Berkshire, and curate of Newton Chapel ; 
 he was morning preacher at Berkeley Chapel, November, 1773, to January, 1774 ; 
 and Rector of Ruan Lanyhorn 22nd August, 1777, to the time of his death. 
 He married Jane, daughter of the Rev. John Tregenna. He is best known by 
 his History of Manchester, 1771-75, which, if disfigured by dogmatism and 
 untenable tbeories, is a work of great importance and erudition. A full list of 
 his numerous writings is given in the liibliothcca Conubicnsis of Boase and 
 Courtney, and in I'ti fafim Note-book, vol. i., p. 77, where a miniature portrait 
 by II. Bone is engraved. 
 
 Mr. John Thornton, drawing-master, died November 9. 
 
 Rev. James Bayley, M.A., senior fellow of the college, died November 13. 
 He was son of James Bayley, high sheriff in 1757, and was born in 1710. lie 
 was educated at the Grammar School, and was Hulme exhibitioner at I Irasenose 
 College, Oxford, in 1762. He was rector at St. Mary's Church, and was elected 
 fellow of t lie Collegiate Church, October 14.1773. (Smith's Grammar School
 
 140 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1809 
 
 Register, vol. i., p. 31.) The Rev. C. Johnson, of Wilmslow, was elected in 
 his place, December 12. 
 
 Mr. Nathan Meyer Rothschild settled in Manchester, as agent to his father 
 t Frankfort, in purchasing cotton goods for the Continental market. He was 
 only resident for a few years. 
 
 Sir Oswald Mosley offered to sell the manor of Manchester to the inhabi- 
 tants for £90,000, but the negotiations failed. £70,000 was offered, and refused. 
 
 A petition, signed by 50,000 persons, was sent from Manchester against the 
 "Orders in Council," passed in retaliation of Bonaparte's Berlin and Milan 
 decrees. 
 
 Manchester and Salford Court of Requests was established. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Waterworks Company established. The 
 length of iron main pipes laid down was upwards of seventy miles, and the 
 daily consumption of water was about 1,400,000 gallons. Reservoirs were made 
 at Bradford, Beswick, Gorton, and Audenshaw. 
 
 The Shudehill Pits partially filled up, and a Methodist chapel built upon 
 a part of their site in Swan Street, but converted into shops and dwelling- 
 houses in 1823. 
 
 The Circus, in Chatham Street, was taken down and dwelling-houses 
 erected on the site. 
 
 The Regent Bridge, Regent Road, was opened. A toll was taken until 
 1848, when it was made free. 
 
 The Bradford reservoir was demolished. 
 
 1809. 
 
 The newsroom was opened at the Exchange 2nd January. 
 
 The Rev. John Clowes, of Broughton Hall, was elected a fellow of the 
 Collegiate Church, February 11. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Hanson, of Strangeways Hall, was sentenced in the Court of 
 King's Bench to six months' imprisonment, and a fine of £100, May 12, for his 
 share in the conflict between the weavers and their masters. A "penny sub- 
 cription " was raised, to which there were thirty-nine thousand six hundred 
 contributors. Hanson was justly popular with the working classes. 
 
 49 George III. cap. 192. Act for more effectually supplying with water the 
 inhabitants of the towns of Manchester and Salford. June 20. 
 
 The dining-room of the Exchange was opened 4th June. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Clowes, of Broughton Hall, was appointed high sheriff of the 
 county. 
 
 The lessee of the Theatre Royal, the elder Macready, found himself in 
 financial straits. His son, afterwards so famous as an actor, although only a 
 youth of sixteen, was practically manager of his father's company. The youth 
 saw his father arrested by the sheriff's officer. " When I found him actually a 
 prisoner," he says, "my fortitude gave way, and I burst into tears." For W. C. 
 Macready's later connection with the town see under date 1849. 
 
 The Swedenborgian Conference was to have been held in Manchester, but, 
 "from unforeseen circumstances of an unpleasant nature," did not take place. 
 A conference, summoned by the Rev. William Cowherd, was held, and resulted
 
 1810] 
 
 Annals of Manchester 141 
 
 in the formation of the Bible Christian Church. (Hindmarsh's Rise of New 
 Jerusalem Church, p. 190.) 
 
 The Manchester Exchange Herald, No. 1, September 30, was printed and 
 published by Joseph Aston, St. Ann Street. 
 
 Mary Leatherbarrow, said to be 106 years of age, died at Hulme. 
 
 A large pile of warehouses, situated in Crompton Court, was burnt down, 
 April 13. 
 
 Bradbury, the clown, opened the new Amphitheatre in Spring Gardens, 
 September. 
 
 The Ladies' Jubilee School, Strangeways, was founded October 24. (See 
 under date 1810.) 
 
 The Jubilee, to commemorate the fiftieth year of the reign of George III., 
 celebrated with processions, balls, and fireworks, October 25. 
 
 The fine whole-length portrait of Colonel Stanley, painted by Lawrence, 
 was presented by James Ackers and Thomas Johnson, and placed in the 
 Exchange room. November. 
 
 The scutching machine introduced into Manchester by Mr. James'Kenncdy. 
 
 1810. 
 
 The Manchester Auxiliary Bible Society was established January 4. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Henshaw, of Oldham, died March 4. He left £20,000 for a 
 Blind Asylum, £1,000 to the Infirmary, £1,000 to the Lunatic Hospital, and 
 £500 to the Ladies' Jubilee School. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Barnes, D.D., died at Ferneysides, Little Lever, 27th June. 
 He was born at Warrington, 13th February, 1747, and educated at Warrington 
 Grammar School and Warrington Academy. In 1768 he became minister at 
 Cockey Moor, and in 1780 was appointed co-pastor of Cross Street Chapel. He 
 was one of the founders of the Literary and Philosophical Society, and a leader 
 in the intellectual and philanthropic movements of the time. There is a 
 portrait of him in Sir Thomas Baker's Memorials, and a list of his writings. 
 He is buried in the Chapel Yard. 
 
 The Rev. John Gresswell, who for many years filled the office of school- 
 master at the Chetham Hospital, died July 14. 
 
 A dinner given to Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith by the authorities 
 of the town, September 6. 
 
 William Wilkinson Westhead born 26th September. He was known as 
 the "Manchester gigantic boy." (See under date of September 5, 1825.) 
 
 Major-General Roger Aytoun (" Spanking Roger"), of Chorlton Hall, died 
 at Inchdarney, in Scotland, October 23. 
 
 Rev. Ralph Harrison died 4th November. He was a descendant of Cuthbert 
 Harrison, of Kirkham, but was born at Chinley, in Derbyshire, and was 
 educated at the Warrington Academy, and in 1771 became minister of Cross 
 Street Chapel. There is a silhouette portrait of him in Sir Thomas Baker's 
 Memorials. He is the author of Institutes of English Grammar, 1777 ; Sacri d 
 Harmony : Psalm Tunes, 1786. His Sermons were collected, with a memoir 
 by Rev. John Holland, and published in 1813. 
 
 The Royal Lancasterian Free School, Manchester, founded by public
 
 142 Annals of Manchester. [1811 
 
 subscription, was opened, November 23, in Marshall Street, Oldham Road. It 
 was transferred to the Manchester School Board in 1880. 
 
 The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Great Bridgewater Street, was opened. 
 
 Hackney coaches established in Manchester. 
 
 Brown's Chantry, dedicated to St. George, on the north side of the Collegiate 
 Church, was purchased by the parishioners for £900. 
 
 The Ladies' Jubilee School, in Strangeways, had its origin in 1806, in the 
 benevolence of several ladies. In 1809 a house was procured in Broughton 
 Lane, and ten girls were educated. Over the centre door of the present build- 
 ing is the following inscription : " Jubilee Female Charity School, erected 
 1810, by public subscription, in commemoration of the 50th year of His Majesty 
 George IH." Shortly after the completion of the building the number of girls 
 was increased to thirty. The children are instructed in reading and writing, 
 in knitting, sewing, and in the duties of kitchen and house servants. 
 
 Joseph Allen, portrait painter, settled in Manchester and painted a great 
 number of portraits. He was a native of Birmingham. He retired from 
 Manchester to Buxton, where he died. 
 
 A painting by Old Parry, representing Manchester Market Place in 1810, 
 is preserved at Agecroft Hall. It is described by Sir Thomas Baker in the 
 Palatine Note-book, vol. iii., p. 231. 
 
 1811. 
 
 The Manchester Philanthropic Society established January 1. 
 
 Wood and Foster's cotton factory, at Garratt, was destroyed by fire, 
 January 3. 
 
 William Thomas Lewis, comedian, died January 13, aged 65. He was a 
 native of Ormskirk, his father being an actor, and his grandfather a clergyman. 
 He went on the stage when very young, and early distinguished himself. He 
 made his first appearance in London, October 13, 1776. In 17S2 he became deputy 
 manager of Covent Garden Theatre. In 1803 he retired from this position, and 
 eventually became joint proprietor of the Liverpool and Manchester Theatres. 
 (Gentleman's Magazine, January, 1811, p. 90.) 
 
 Rev. Thomas Bancroft, M. A., Vicar of Bolton, died at Bolton, 5th February. 
 He was born at Manchester, 1756, and wrote Prolusiones Poetical, 178S, and 
 other works. (Grammar School Register, vol. i., p. 103.) 
 
 Mr. John Prescott, printer of the Manchester Journal, died, near Leigh, 
 April 13, aged 79. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Hanson died 3rd September. He was born at Manchester, 1774. 
 He was the author of Defence of the Petitions for Peace, 1808. After retiring 
 from business he lived at Strangeways Hall, and was imprisoned for taking 
 sides with the weavers in a dispute with their employers. (See under date 1809.) 
 
 Mr. Thomas Philips, father of Sir George Philips, Bart., died, aged 83. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Chetham Hilton, of Moston, was appointed High Sheriff. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Hanson, in giving evidence before the House of Commons on the 
 petition from the Manchester weavers, stated the number of spinners to be 
 9,000, and the number of weavers at 12,000, the latter earning lis., and the 
 former averaging 7s. per week when fully employed. 
 
 The Lodge in Pool Fold taken down. This was the ancient house formerly
 
 1812] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 143 
 
 known as " Radcliffes of the Pool," and at one time used as a prison for Roman 
 Catholic recusants. 
 
 The population of Manchester, including Ardwick, Cheetham, Chorlton 
 and Hulme, at the second census, was 89,054. That of Salford, including 
 Broughton, 19,939. 
 
 1812. 
 
 Haigh, Marshall, and Tidswell's warehouse, High Street, was destroyed 
 by fire, Sunday, February 9. 
 
 Rev. Cornelius Bayley, D.D., died at Manchester, 2nd April. He was 
 founder and minister of St. James's Church. He wrote a Hebrew Grammar, 
 and took an active part in the promotion of Sunday schools. The Sweden- 
 borgian minister Hindmarsh, who knew him well, says that he was a 
 disbeliever in the Newtonian astronomy, against which he urged Jos. x. 12, and 
 2 Kings xx. 10, 11. He thought a knowledge of the Hebrew language a good 
 introduction to that of the angels of heaven, since it was the tongue spoken by 
 God and His prophets. One of his sermons ended with the following odd meta- 
 phor in the expression of a wish that " the waters of strife may be quenched in 
 the ./ire of divine love." (Hindmarsh's Rise of Hew Jerusalem Church, p. 136.) 
 
 A meeting for proposing a loyal address to the Prince Regent was called by 
 the authorities at the Exchange, but the meeting was postponed. The 
 irritation thus caused finally led to a riot, in which great damage was done. 
 April 8. 
 
 There were food riots in April. The ringleaders were apprehended, and on 
 the 13th June eight persons were executed at Lancaster — four for mill burning, 
 three for breaking into a house merely to obtain some food, and a woman for 
 stealing some potatoes at Bank Top. 
 
 National Schools, on Dr. Bell's system, opened in Granby Row, 20th April, 
 and in Bolton Street, Salford, 26th June. 
 
 The Wiltshire, Buckinghamshire, Louth, and Stirling militia regiments, 
 numbering about 3,000, were encamped on Kersal Moor, and were reviewed by 
 General Ackland, June 4. The camp was visited in August by the Duke of 
 Montrose. 
 
 Thirty-eight men— named William Washington, Thomas Broughton, Thos. 
 Cooke, John Haigh, Thomas Wilkinson, Charles Oldham, James Knott, Chas. 
 Wciolling, Robert Thornley, Simon Simmons, William Coppock, John Oldham, 
 Aaron Marvel, John Haworth, Err Oldham, John Kershaw, Charles Smith, 
 Thomas Ilarsnett, John Knight, Thomas Cannavan, Joseph Tilney, John 
 Godley, Daniel Jevens, Stephen Harrison, Edward M'Ginnes, James Hepworth, 
 Rycroft Hepworth, James Lawton, Robert Slack, Randle Judson, Edmund 
 Newton, Aaron Whitehead, James Buckley, John Newton, James Boothby, 
 Edward Phillips, James Greenwood, and Isaac Birch— who had assembled at a 
 public-house in Ancoats Lane were taken up and tried for administering the 
 Luddite oath, June 11. After remaining in prison for three months they were 
 tried at Lancaster and acquitted, August 28. 
 
 Mr. Sadler, the aeronaut, ascended in a balloon from St. George's Field, 
 June 29.
 
 144 Annals of Manchester. 1813 
 
 The tomb of Sir James Stanley, fourth warden of the Collegiate Church, and 
 Bishop of Ely, was reopened after an interval of 287 years since his interment. 
 The bishop died excommunicated, and a suspicion was thereby excited that the 
 body would not be found buried within the pale of the church. This conjecture 
 was confirmed. June. 
 
 Mr. James Cooke, solicitor, of Salford, died August 7. He was a captain in 
 Ackers's First Regiment, and afterwards colonel of the Trafford and Hulme 
 Volunteers. 
 
 Right Hon. George Canning entertained at dinner at the Star Inn, 
 Manchester, October 31. The company numbered about 300. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Crompton made a survey of all the cotton districts in England, 
 Scotland, and Ireland, and obtained an estimate of the number of spindles then 
 at work upon the principle of his invention. There were between four and five 
 millions. He obtained a Parliamentary grant of £5,000 in full, without fees 
 or charges. In 1829 about seven millions of his spindles were at work. 
 
 The Society for Converting the Jews to Christianity was instituted. 
 
 The Religious Tract Society was established. 
 
 The Church Tract Society was instituted. 
 
 Mr. Edward Greaves, of Culcheth, was appointed high sheriff. 
 
 1813. 
 
 Mr. Charles White, M.D., F.R.S., died 20th February. This eminent surgeon 
 was born in Manchester, October 4, 1728. He was one of the founders of the 
 Manchester Infirmary, and, in addition to some professional writings, was the 
 author of a suggestive book on Gradations in Man and Animals, 1799. Par- 
 ticulars of his life are given in Smith's Centenary, in Smith's Grammar School 
 Register, and in a notice by Thomas White in the Memoirs of the Literary and 
 Philosophical Society of Manchester, series 2, vol. iii. 
 
 Mr. Edward Erastus Deacon, M.D., died March 14. 
 
 Bennett's factory, Great Newton Street, destroyed by fire, March 16. 
 
 Messrs. Naylor and Co.'s warehouse, with others, in the New Market 
 Buildings, destroyed by fire, April 1. 
 
 53 George III. cap. 20. Act for enlarging the powers of an Act of His 
 present Majesty for supplying with water the towns of Manchester and 
 Salford. April 1, 
 
 Rev. John Dauntesey, of Agecroft Hall, died April 24, aged 78. 
 
 The Manchester Pitt Club was established, May. 
 
 The Manchester Police Bill received the Royal assent, June 11. 
 
 53 George III. cap. 72. Act for the more effectual administration of the 
 office of a Justice of the Peace within Manchester and Salford, and to provide, 
 by means of a rate, a competent salary to a Justice of the Peace acting within 
 the said townships, and to enable the Constables of Manchester and Salford to 
 take recognizances in certain cases. June 22. 
 
 Mr. William Yates died July 10, at Spring Side, near Bury, in his 74th year. 
 He was a partner with the first Sir Robert Peel. 
 
 The Temple of the New Jerusalem Churo-h— the followers of Swedenborg— 
 in Bolton Street, Salford, was opened September 19.
 
 isiij Annals of Manchester. 145 
 
 Rev. Samuel Hall, M.A., died, 22nd September. He was probably a native 
 of Ashton, and in 1777 became curate of St. Ann's, where he continued until 
 179^ when he became rector of St. Peter's, which was indeed partly built for 
 him. Mr. Hall was chaplain of the local volunteers, and, in deference to the 
 Dissenting members of the corps, he omitted the Athanasian creed. This lost 
 him his expected election as a Fellow of the Collegiate Church, but secured him 
 the incumbency of St. Peter's. He published two collections of hymns (see 
 Bardsley's Memorials, pp 168-174). He was one of the guardians of De Quincey. 
 
 54 George III. cap. 1. Act to continue and amend two Acts of the thirty- 
 eighth and forty-third years of His present Majesty for more effectually 
 repairing that part of the roads from Manchester to Rochdale, Bury, and Rat- 
 cliffe Bridge, which is called the Manchester district, and for making and 
 maintaining a new branch of road to communicate therewith. December 6. 
 
 Mr. William David Evans, barrister, was appointed the first stipendiary 
 magis-trate for Manchester and Salford, at a salary of £1,000 per annum, 
 payable in the proportion of seven-eighths from the township of Manchester, 
 and one-eighth from the township of Salford. 
 
 A poem, entitled A Prospect of Manchester and its Neighbourhood from 
 Chamber upon the rising grounds adjacent to the Great Northern Road, was 
 published anonymously at Manchester, but is known to be the production of 
 Kinder "Wood, a surgeon. 
 
 The Rev. J. H. Mallory was elected a Fellow of the Collegiate Church, in 
 the place of the Rev. Croxton Johnson, 1814, deceased. 
 
 1814. 
 
 Miss Lavinia Robinson was found drowned in the Irwell, near the Mode 
 Wheel, February 8. This young lady, who possessed superior mental accomp- 
 lishments, as well as personal beauty, was engaged to Mr. Holroyd, a surgeon, 
 but on the eve of her intended marriage she disappeared from her home in 
 Bridge Street, December G, and, owing to the long frost, her body remained 
 under the ice for a long period. It appears most probable that the rash act of 
 the "Manchester Ophelia" was due to a quarrel in which her betrothed had 
 repeated some slanderous statements made respecting her. There, was how- 
 ever, a strong suspicion that she had met with foul play. The slanders were 
 shown to be baseless, and the feeling against Mr. Holroyd was so strong that 
 he had to leave the town. (Procter's Bygone Manchester, pp. 2G8, 209; City 
 Neivs Notes and Queries, vol. i., p. 2G5.) 
 
 Mr. Peter Cross, for many years master of the Portico, died March 1. 
 
 The successes of the British army on the Continent were celebrated by pro- 
 cessions, balls, and illuminations, April 18. 
 
 54 George III. cap. 32. Act for rebuilding the Chapel of Newton, in the 
 parish of Manchester. May 4. 
 
 Mr. John Vint died 13th May, aged 60 years. He was a nat ive of Newcastle- 
 ou-Tyne, and had been the editor and conductor of Ilarrops Manchester 
 Mercury and British Volunteer newspapers. 
 
 In connection with the Sunday school Whit-week festivities t he Church Com- 
 mission ordex - ed "a number of cakes tu ' ■• baked, at Id., for the children," to be 
 K
 
 146 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1814 
 
 eaten before starting in St. Ann's Square. This is apparently the origin of " buns 
 and milk." The excursions originated about this time from a desire to keep 
 the young people away from Kersal Moor Races on Whit- Wednesday. 
 (Bardsley's Memorials, p. 127.) 
 
 The Society of Arts awarded to Miss Halstead, of Manchester, their gold 
 medal for a painting of fruit and flowers, June 7. She was the daughter of a 
 Manchester attorney. 
 
 Mr. John Leigh Phillips died June 23, aged 53. He was a liberal promoter of 
 bibliography and the arts, and his collection of books, paintings, engravings, 
 &c, was dispersed by auction at Manchester in 1815, and realised £5,474 15s. 3d. 
 His natural history collection formed the basis of the Manchester Natural 
 History Society's Museum. 
 
 54 George III. cap. 205. Act for amending two several Acts of the tenth and 
 thirty-fifth years of the reign of His present Majesty, relating to the estates 
 devised by William Hulme, Esquire, and to enable the trustees thereof to 
 apply the trust monies in making an allowance to, and provision for, the 
 Exhibitioners of certain Exhibitions founded by the testator, in Brasennose 
 College, Oxford, and also in founding and supporting a Lecture in Divinity in 
 the said College, and to incorporate the said trustees, and for other purposes 
 therein mentioned. July 14. 
 
 Several houses and part of a soapery, at Hunt's Bank, fell into the river 
 Irwell, when three persons were drowned, July 29. 
 
 Mr. Cornelius Leigh died 5th August, aged 56. He was for upwards of half a 
 century connected with Harrop's Manchester Mercury and British Volunteer 
 newspapers. 
 
 Mr. William Cowdroy died, Aug. 10, aged 62 years. He was proprietor and 
 editor of the Manchester Gazette, a facile writer, with a certain graft of humour, 
 and his wit was directed by public spirit and patriotism. As conductor of the 
 Manchester Gazette, his light punning paragraphs were greatly appreciated, 
 and his columns frequently supplied the newspapers with wit and humour on 
 current topics. Many of his compositions, with changes of name and date, 
 were often revived at intervals of five or six years. He left four sons, all 
 printers, and two daughters. 
 
 Mr. Francis Duckinfield Astley, of Dukinfleld Lodge, was installed Grand 
 Master of the Masons for the counties of Lancaster and Chester, in the two 
 orders of Knight Templars and Royal Arch Masons. The ceremony took place 
 at the Dog Inn, Deansgate, August 10. 
 
 The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Brunswick Terrace, Pendleton, opened 
 August 29. 
 
 The Manchester branch of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 
 was instituted, August. 
 
 Thomas Egerton, first Earl of Wilton, died at Heaton House, September 
 23, aged 65. He was elevated to the peerage May 15, 1784, by the title of Baron 
 Grey de Wilton, of Wilton Castle, in the county of Hereford. His lordship 
 married, in 1769, Eleanor, youngest daughter and co-heiress of Sir Ralph 
 Assheton, baronet, by whom he had several children, but one only survived, 
 namely, Eleanor, who married, in 1794, Robert Viscount Belgrave, afterwards
 
 1815] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 147 
 
 Marquis of Westminster. In consequence of the decease of Lord Grey df 
 Wiltons elder children, his lordship obtained a new patent 26th of June, 1801. 
 creating him Viscount Grey de Wilton and Earl of Wilton, with special 
 remainder to the second, and to all the younger sons successively, of his 
 daughter, by her then husband, or to her male issue by any future husband. 
 He was succeeded in his title and estates by Thomas Egerton, second Earl of 
 Wilton, second son of the Marquis of Westminster by the above marriage. 
 His lordship was a liberal benefactor to the various charitable institutions in 
 Manchester. He was buried in the family vault in Prestwich Church, Oct. 8. 
 
 Thomas Hollingsworth died at Liverpool in October. He was an actor of 
 good repute, and was styled the Father of the Manchester and Liverpool 
 Theatres. 
 
 The first watchman was appointed for Chorlton Row, now Chorlton-upon- 
 Medlock, in October. 
 
 A panic occurred in the Methodist Chapel, Oldham Street, and occasioned 
 the death of two females and the serious injury of others, December 9. 
 
 Considerable damage was done by a violent storm in Manchester and the 
 neighbourhood, December. 
 
 Rev. Timothy Priestley died, aged 80. He was the brother of the famous 
 Joseph Priestley. He was for a time minister of the Congregational Church in 
 Hunter's Croft, now Cannon Street, but his relations with his congregation 
 were not happy, and he finally left Manchester for London. He is buried in 
 Bunhill Fields. (Jones's Bunhill Memorials ; Halley's Lancashire, p. 520.) 
 
 The Ducie Bridge (so called in compliment to Lord Ducie, the proprietor of 
 the land) was opened. A toll was taken until 1830, when it was removed upon 
 payment of £800 by the Improvement Committee. 
 
 The Manchester Magazine ; or, Chronicle of the Times, was published 
 monthly by Joseph Hemingway and Martin Began, price Is. Discontinued 1S16. 
 
 1815. 
 
 The Bishop of Chester consecrated a burial ground in Walker's Croft Jan. 
 1st. This land was acquired by the Manchester and Leeds Railway in 1S44, 
 and is now wholly covered by Victoria Station. 
 
 Mr. John Ferriar, M.D., died, Feb. 4, aged 51. He was the son of the Rev. 
 Alexander Ferriar, and was born at Oxnam, near Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, 
 (in the 21st or 22nd of November, 1761. In 1781 he took his degree of M.D. at 
 Edinburgh, and the following year he was married to Miss Barbara Gair. 
 About the year 17S5 Dr. Ferriar settled in Manchester, and became physician 
 to the Royal Infirmary. He was a member of the Literary and Philosophical 
 Society, and contributed to the Memoirs. He was an ardent lover of literature, 
 and his Illustrations of Sterne are evidences of fine taste and extensive 
 reading. He wrote also Medical Histories, 1792 ; An Essay Towards a Theory 
 of Apparitions, 1813, and other writings. His Bibliomania has been reprinted 
 in the Palatine Note-book. Details of Ferriar's life and writings are given 
 in the Palatine Note-book, vol. ii., pp. 05, 100, 127, 12U ; Axon's Lancashire 
 Gleanings ; Smith's Centenary, p. 174.
 
 148 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1815 
 
 Conscience, a tragedy, by Mr. Joseph Aston, was performed at the Theatre 
 Royal, February 8. It is founded upon one of Miss Lee's Canterbury Tales. 
 
 Mr. Nathaniel Heywood died 6th April. In conjunction with his elder 
 brother, Benjamin Arthur Heywood, he established Heywood's Bank. He is 
 buried in Cross Street Chapel. (Baker's Memorials, p. 109.) 
 
 Missionary societies were established at Manchester by the Wesleyan 
 Methodists February 22, and by the Church of England April 10. 
 
 On Whit-Monday, when the children of the Sunday schools were at the 
 Collegiate Church, a cry was raised that the roof was coming in, and in the 
 panic which ensued one child was killed and five injured. This led to the aban- 
 donment of the gathering, which was not resumed until 1819. 
 
 Mr. Robert Barber died June 10. He was the organist of St. Ann's Church 
 for upwards of 30 years. 
 
 A General Swedenborgian Conference held in Peter Street Chapel Aug. 14-17. 
 Rev. R. Hindmarsh presided. It was decided to establish a Missionary Society. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Budworth Palmer, F.S. A., died 4th September. He was born in 
 Manchester about 1759. His father, Joseph Budworth, was the landlord of the 
 Palace Inn, and sent the boy to the Grammar School. He was one of the 
 volunteers who were at the siege of Gibraltar. In 1792 he published A Fort- 
 night's Rambles to the Lakes, which went through several editions. He was 
 the first to describe the " Beauty of Buttermere." He married a rich Irish 
 heiress, Miss Palmer, of Palmerstown, and assumed his wife's name. His only 
 daughter, Emma, was the mother of the Duchess de Grammont, the Countess 
 of Dundonald, and Mr. W. A. Mackinnon, M.P. (Smith's Grammar School 
 Register, vol. L, p. 150 ; Nichol's Literary Anecdotes, vol. vii., part ii., p. 644.) 
 
 Mr. John TrafTord, of Trafford Park, died October 29, and was interred in 
 the familv vault in the Collegiate Church. 
 
 Mr. Robinson Foxley, M.D., died at his house in King Street, November 8. 
 
 The Archdukes John and Louis of Austria visited Manchester, November. 
 
 Mr. Nehemiah Roby, father of the Rev. William Roby, died December, 
 aged 79. 
 
 The value of the property in the town was assessed at £405,986. 
 
 The galleries and pews of the Collegiate Church were rebuilt, and other 
 repairs effected, at a cost of nearly £20,000. 
 
 The Auxiliary Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews estab- 
 lished in Manchester. 
 
 The Marquis of Anglesea passed through Manchester on his route to Brad- 
 ford, to procure a substitute for the leg he lost at the battle of Waterloo 
 
 The Manchester Golf Club formed by Mr. W. Mitchell, of Holt Town. 
 
 In this year the township of Manchester was rated at £308,634; Ardwick, 
 £11,241; Cheetham, £8,651; Chorlton, £19,839; and Hulme, £9,422. 
 
 The export of twist legalised by Parliament, at which time the consumption 
 of cotton amounted to 99,306,343 pounds. 
 
 The Eye Institution was opened in King Street. It has since removed to 35, 
 Faulkner Street, 1822; St. John's Street, Deansgate, 1874; and to Oxford 
 Road, 1886. 
 
 Bibliograiihiana, is the title of a collection of original literary contri-
 
 1316] Annals of Manchester. 149 
 
 butioss to Aston's Exchange Herald. The work was published for private 
 distribution. It consisted of 24 numbers. The principal contributors were 
 Messrs. F. R. Atkinson, Nathan Hill, and William Ford, bookseller. Of a con- 
 tinuation, which appeared in the Stockport Advertiser, only ten copies were 
 
 printed. 
 
 1816. 
 
 There was a great flood in the Irwell, January 5 and 6. 
 
 Eleanor, Countess of Wilton, died at Heaton House, February 3, aged 67. 
 
 The shock of an earthquake was felt March 17. 
 
 Eev. William Cowherd died at Salford, 24th March. He was born at Cam- 
 forth, Lonsdale South of the Sands, in 1763. He became curate of St. John's 
 Church under the Rev. John Clowes, but when the Manchester disciples of 
 Swedenborg formed a separate communion he was appointed the first minister 
 of the chapel opened in Peter Street in 1793. Afterwards he formed the deno- 
 mination of Bible Christians, and erected a chapel in King Street, Salford, 
 where, in 1809, he made abstinence from animal food and intoxicants a con- 
 dition of church membership. He was a contributor to the Neio Jerusalem 
 Journal, and the author of Liturgy of the Lord's New Church, Manchester, 
 1793 ; Facts Authentic in Science and Religion towards a new Translation of 
 the Bible, Salford, 1816 ; Select Hymns, Manchester, 1800 and 1818 ; Letters on 
 Religious Subjects, Salford, 1820 (a portion only is his). He was also the trans- 
 lator of Swedenborg's Doctrine of the Neiv Jerusalem concerning Faith, which 
 was printed by the Manchester Printing Society, and editor of a translation 
 made by three of his pupils of the Prodromos, Manchester, 1795. Mr. Robert 
 Hindmarsh states that Mr. Cowherd claimed " the same kind of revelation as 
 was given to Emanuel Swedenborg before him," and regarded himself as the 
 " greatest and most extraordinary man living." This testimony is not without 
 suspicion of controversial bias. A portion of his library is preserved in the 
 Bible Christian Church, Cross Lane, Salford, the King Street chapel having 
 been abandoned. (Axon's Manchester Libraries; Hindmarsh's Rise of the 
 New Jerusalem Church; The Dawn, July 24, 1884; and Williams's Ethics of 
 Diet, p. 259.) He is buried under a tomb in Christ Churchyard, King Street, 
 Salford, with the following inscription : " William Cowherd, the founder and 
 minister of Christ Church, Salford, died 24th of March, 1S16, aged 53 years. At 
 his request is inscribed, ' All feared, none loved, and few understood.' " This 
 has given rise to some misapprehension, for the words are merely adapted 
 from a veroe of Pope :— 
 
 " He who would save a sinking land 
 All fear, none love, few understand." 
 
 56 George III. cap. 12. Act for altering, amending, and extending the 
 powers of two Acts of His present Majesty's reign, for supplying with water 
 the inhabitants of the towns of Manchester and Salford. April 11. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Battye died 16th April. His Red Basil Book and other tracts 
 on parochial affairs contain some very curious evidences as to the social con- 
 dition of Manchester at the beginning of the century. 
 
 Mr. William Godwin was in Manchester on April 30, and visited Thomas 
 Walker. With this " venerable old gentleman" he spent " a delightful day" 
 at Longford Hall, Stretford.
 
 150 Annals of Manchester. [1816 
 
 A free registry for " the encouragement of faithful female servants " opened 
 in Chapel Walks, May 1. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Mottram died. He was the deviser of a plan for the dissemi- 
 nation of the views of Swedenborg by men who took covered hand-barrows of 
 books, some for sale and some for gratuitous distribution. It has been suggested 
 that this was the origin of the system of colportage, since so extensively 
 employed by the Bible Society. {The Dawn, 8th May, 1884.) 
 
 Mr. Nathaniel Milne, coroner for this division, and clerk to the magistrates, 
 died May 19. Elected to the coronership in 1787, he was succeeded by his son, 
 John Milne, Esq., who was elected June 10, 1816. 
 
 Mr. Isaac Clarke, bookseller, died June 18, aged 73. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Henry, F.R.S., died June 18, aged 82. This eminent chemist 
 and philosopher was born at "Wrexham October 26, 1734, where he received his 
 education, and served an apprenticeship to a surgeon-apothecary. He first 
 settled at Oxford ; in 1759 he removed to Knutsford, where he married ; and in 
 1764 removed to Manchester, where he continued to reside, " universally 
 beloved for his conciliating qualities and private worth," during his long life. 
 
 56 George III. cap. 62. Act for building a bridge across the river Irwell 
 from the township of Salford to Strangeways, in the township of Cheetham, 
 and for making proper avenues thereto. June 20. 
 
 Mr. Henry Atherton, barrister-at-law, of Lincoln's Inn and Manchester, 
 died, August 17, aged 76. He married a daughter of Edward Byrom, and his 
 daughter was the late Miss Eleanora Atherton. 
 
 Mr. Charles Taylor, M.D., died, August 24, at Hammersmith. He was a 
 native of Manchester, and became secretary to the Society of Arts. 
 
 Henry Crabb Robinson's Diary for September has this entry : " Strolling 
 into the Old Church at Manchester, I heard a strange noise, which I should 
 elsewhere have mistaken for the bleating of lambs. Going to the spot, a dis- 
 tant aisle, I found two rows of women standing in files, each with a babe in 
 her arms. The minister went down the line, sprinkling each infant as he 
 went. I suppose the efficiency of the sprinkling — I mean the fact that water 
 did touch — was evidenced by a distinct squeal from each. Words were mut- 
 tered by the priest in his course, but one prayer served for all. This I thought 
 to be a christening by wholesale, and I could not repress the irreverent 
 thought that, being in the metropolis of manufactures, the aid of steam or 
 machinery might be called in. I was told that on Sunday evenings the cere- 
 mony is repeated." 
 
 The Radical Reformers held meetings in St. Peter's Field October 28, and 
 again December 30. 
 
 A meeting in St. Peter's Field, " to take into consideration the present 
 state of the country," November 4. 
 
 " Married, yesterday, at the Collegiate Church, by the Rev. C. D. Wray, 
 John Braham, Esq., of Tavistock Square, London, to Frances Elizabeth, eldest 
 daughter of the late George Bolton, Esq., of Ard wick." (Harrop's Mercury, 
 Nov. 19, quoted in Palatine Note-booh, vol. i., p. 71.) 
 
 The Albion Cotton Mills, situated in Great Bridgewater Street, were burnt 
 down, December. Damage £25,000.
 
 181?; 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 151 
 
 Mr. John Bradshaw, F.S.A., of Darcy Lever, died in December. He was a 
 magistrate for the county division, a feoffee of Chetham's Hospital, and Lieut. - 
 Colonel of the Bolton Local Militia. His death was occasioned by the over- 
 turning of the Blackburn mail at Pendleton. 
 
 The Market Cross, pillory, and stocks were removed from the Market 
 Place, and the Obelisk, on the site of the old Exchange, taken down. This 
 latter was called Nathan Crompton's Folly, having been erected during his 
 serving the office of boroughreeve. 
 
 The value of a Tyburn ticket, in Manchester, was from £350 to £400, whilst 
 in London they sold for £23. The holders of these tickets were exempt from 
 rilling any public office in the town. 
 
 The day police consisted of a deputy constable and four beadles ; the night 
 police numbered 53. 
 
 The Ladies' Bible Society was formed. 
 
 Mrs. Ward, wife of the manager of the Theatre Royal, took leave of the 
 stage in the character of Elvira, in Pizarro. 
 
 1817. 
 
 The Grand Duke Nicholas, afterwards Emperor of Russia, visited the town, 
 January 3. 
 
 Manchester Courier, No. 1, January 4, printed by Messrs. Howarth, 
 Cowdroy, and Rathbone. 
 
 St. George's Church, Oldham Road, was consecrated by Dr. G. H. Law, 
 Bishop of Chester, Jan. 17. 
 
 A meeting of the inhabitants of Manchester was held to consider the 
 " necessity of adopting additional measures for the maintenance of the public 
 peace," January. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Walker died at Longford 2nd February. He was born 3rd April, 
 1749, and his father was a Bristol merchant, who settled in Manchester. In 
 1784 he led the successful opposition of the Manchester manufacturers to Pitt's 
 " Fustian Tax." He was founder of the Constitutional Society, which desired 
 the removal of the Test and Corporation Acts. In 1790 he was boroughreeve. 
 Two years later his warehouse was attacked by a " Church and King mob." 
 In 1794 he was prosecuted for conspiracy, but the evidence was so plainly per- 
 jured that the charge was abandoned. In his latter years he approved of the 
 imposition of the Corn Law. (Espinasse's Lancashire Worthies.) 
 
 Mr. William Dunstan, governor of the New Bailey Prison, died February 20. 
 He was succeeded by his son, Thomas Dunstan, who was elected March 5. 
 
 The first stone of the Strangeways Bridge was laid by Mr. W. D. Evans, 
 29th February. It crosses the Irwell near the top of Greengate, Salford, which 
 place it connects with Strangeways. It was built by subscription, and a toll 
 was taken for many years, except from the tenants of Lord Ducie. 
 
 The second general meeting of the Manchester Radicals (Blanketeers) held 
 at St. Peter's Field, " to petition the Prince Regent for redress of grievances.'' 
 The intention was to proceed to London to present the petition in person. Each 
 man had a blanket with him, as a protection against the weather on the road. 
 The meeting was dispersed by the military, March 10. Two hundred persons 
 were arrested.
 
 152 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1817 
 
 Elijah Dixon arrested on suspicion of high treason, March 12, and detained 
 till November following, when he was discharged. A notice of his death 
 appears under date of 187G. 
 
 The cotton-spinning factory at Knot Mill, in the occupation of Messrs. 
 Brown, Stones, Scholick, Armstrong, Stubbs, and Frost, was destroyed by fire, 
 Sunday morning, March 16. The damage was estimated at £20,000. 
 
 Rev. James Daniel Burton died 24th March. He was born at Manchestei 
 25th July, 1784. He became a Wesleyan minister, and was the author of A 
 Guide for Youth, 1814. 
 
 Margaret Marsden, aged 76, and Hannah Partington, a young woman, 
 were murdered in the house of Mr. Thomas Littlewood, at Pendleton, April 26. 
 (See under date 8th September.) 
 
 57 George III. cap. 22. Act for amending an Act of His present Majesty for 
 rebuilding Newton Chapel. May 23. 
 
 Catherine Prescott died 2nd June at the reputed age of 108. She was a 
 native of Denbigh, resided in George Leigh Street, and retained her faculties 
 in a wonderful degree, having learned to read, without the aid of spectacles, 
 partly in the Lancasterian School and partly in St. Clement's Sunday School, 
 after she was one hundred years old. She was buried at St. Mark's, Cheetham 
 Hill, in a grave presented to the family by the Rev. C. W. Ethelston. The 
 evidence of her longevity is not beyond dispute. An interesting notice of her 
 appears in Braidley's Sunday School Memorials. 
 
 Mr. John Taylor died in Salford, June 3, aged 65. He was educated at the 
 Dissenting Academy of Daventry, under the late Dr. Ashworth, and was 
 retained in the above academy as classical tutor for several years. He was 
 subsequently stationed at Walmsley Chapel, in this county, and at Ilminster, 
 in Somersetshire, as minister of Unitarian congregations. Some time after- 
 wards, owing to a change in his opinions, he joined the Society of Friends, and 
 for sixteen or seventeen years he was head master of the school belonging to 
 that body in this town, which office he resigned owing to an attack of paralysis 
 in 1811. It was this complaint which eventually caused his death. His son, 
 John Edward Taylor, was the first editor and proprietor of the Manchester 
 Guardian. 
 
 57 George III. cap. 47. Act for making and keeping in repair a carriage 
 road from the township of Manchester to Newton Chapel, with a branch to the 
 river Medlock, in the township of Droylsden. June 16. 
 
 Mr. William Grant, the father of William, Daniel, and John Grant, died 
 June 29th, aged 84. 
 
 57 George III. cap. 58. Act for building a bridge across the river Irwell, 
 from Water Street, in the township of Salford, to St. Mary's Gate, in the 
 township of Manchester, and for making proper avenues thereto. Blackfriars 
 Bridge. June 27. 
 
 Martha Routh, of Manchester, died 18th July, at London, whither she had 
 gone to attend the yearly meeting. She was aged about 77, and had been many 
 years a minister in the Society of Friends. (Northern Star.) 
 
 There was a violent thunderstorm in Manchester and neighbourhood. Two 
 men were killed at Pendleton, and many were hurt at other places. July.
 
 1818] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 153 
 
 James Ashcroft, the elder ; James Ashcroft, his son ; David Ashcrof t, his 
 brother ; and William Holden, son-in-law to the elder Ashcroft, were executed 
 8th September, at Lancaster, for the murder and robbery at Mr. Littlewood's, 
 at Pendleton. They all died declaring their innocence. An account of the 
 trial is given in Criminal Trials, vol. vi., p. 243. 
 
 Thomas Armstrong, aged 34, was hanged at Lancaster 20th September for 
 setting fire to his factory at Knot Mill. He is said to have been previously in 
 peril of his life as one of the mutineers of the Nore. 
 
 John Thorp, born at Wilmslow, 1742, but after some stay in London 
 became, in 1767, a resident in Manchester, where he was a minister of the 
 Quaker body, and died 30th September. His Letters, addressed to various friends 
 on religious subjects, were published, with a memoir by John Bradshaw 
 (Liverpool, 1S34). (Smith's Catalogue.) 
 
 St. Saviour's Church Schools, Chorlton-on-Medlock, built. 
 
 A small volume printed with the title of Bibliographiana, by a Society of 
 Gentlemen, originally published in the Manchester Exchange Herald in the 
 years 1815 and 1816 (Manchester, printed by Joseph Aston, No. 4, St. Ann's 
 Street) ; only 24 copies printed. The articles were written by W. Ford, J. 
 Midgeley, and others. There is an annotated copy in the Manchester Free 
 Library. Of a second series only ten copies were printed. 
 
 The Manchester Gas Works were erected in Water Street. 
 
 A Welsh Wesleyan Chapel was erected in Parliament Street. 
 
 Blackfriars Bridge, a wooden structure, was taken down. 
 
 The burial ground attached to St. Stephen's Church, Salford, was conse- 
 crated by Dr. G. H. Law, Bishop of Chester. 
 
 An amateur performance for the benefit of the Lying-in Hospital produced 
 £26S. 
 
 The Water Works Company substituted iron pipes for those of stone which 
 had been previously used. 
 
 The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Chancery Lane, Ardwick, was built. 
 
 Mr. John Kennedy estimated the number of spindles in Great Britain at 
 6,545,833, and the number of operative spinners at 110,763. 
 
 The fly frame and the tube frame introduced into Manchester by Mr. John 
 Cheeseborough Dyer, from America, who took out patents for them in 1825 
 and 1829. 
 
 1818. 
 
 The Manchester Observer, No. 1, January 3, was printed and published by 
 the proprietor, Thomas Rogerson. This paper changed hands many times, and 
 was discontinued June 21, 1821. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Bowden died January 29, in her 92nd year. She possessed a 
 clear recollection of the year 1745 (at which time she was 18 years of age), when 
 Prince Charles Edward entered the town. There were two brothers and two 
 sisters living at one time, whose united ages averaged SO years each. 
 
 The Savings Bank opened in Cross Street January 31. 
 
 Messrs. Smith and Ingle's paper works, at Throstle Nest, were burnt down 
 February !.
 
 154 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1813 
 
 A meeting held in St. Peter's Field for the purpose of petitioning for Par- 
 liamentary Reform, March 9. 
 
 58 George III. cap. 4. Act for continuing the term and altering and 
 enlarging the powers of an Act of His present Majesty's reign, for improving 
 the road from Manchester to Rochdale, and other roads therein mentioned, so 
 far as relates to the Bury and Ratclifle Bridge District of road therein men- 
 tioned, and for making two new branches of road to communicate with the 
 said district of road. March 17. 
 
 58 George III. cap. 6. Act for making and maintaining a turnpike road 
 from near the town of Manchester to Hyde Lane Bridge, in the county of 
 Chester. March 17. 
 
 58 George III. cap. 9. Act for continuing the term and altering and 
 enlarging the powers of an Act passed in the thirty-third year of His present 
 Majesty's reign, for repairing the road from Manchester to Salter's Brook. 
 March 17. 
 
 58 George III. cap. 12. Act for more effectually repairing and improving 
 the road from Ardwick Green, near Manchester, to the bridge at the cornmills, 
 near "Wilmslow. March 17. 
 
 Mr. James Norris was appointed stipendiary magistrate, on the resigna- 
 tion of Mr. W. D. Evans. March. 
 
 Henry Clarke, LL.D., died April 30. He was the son of Thomas Clarke, of 
 Salford, and was born there in 1743. The University of Edinburgh compli- 
 mented him with the degree of Doctor of Laws. On the 29th of April he was 
 seized with apoplexy, and died the next day, at Islington, near London, in his 
 76th year, leaving a widow and a family of two sons and four daughters. Dr. 
 Clarke was acquainted with Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Spanish, Portuguese, 
 Italian, and French ; distinguished himself in mathematics ; was an excellent 
 penman and draughtsman ; had an extraordinary knowledge of perspective ; 
 was an expert mechanic ; and a compiler of and contributor to various 
 scientific and literary works. He was at one time an unsuccessful candidate 
 for the position of master of the village school at Stretford, and wrote a 
 satirical tract, entitled the School Candidates, which has been reprinted with 
 a full biographical and bibliographical memoir by Mr. J. E. Bailey. In 1S02 he 
 became professor of history and experimental philosophy at the Military 
 College, Sandhurst. 
 
 58 George III. cap. 86. Act for building a chapel of ease in the township of 
 Pendleton and parish of Eccles. St. Matthew's. June 10. 
 
 Mr. Adam Murray died at Rose Hill June 26, aged 52. 
 
 Mr. Charles Terry, for many years governor of Chetham's Hospital, died in 
 June. 
 
 The fiftieth anniversary of the induction of the Rev. John Clowes to the 
 rectory of St. John's was celebrated by his congregation July 7. 
 
 When Messingham Church was rebuilt some fragments of stained glass 
 from Manchester were placed in the windows. (Academy, 19th July, 1884 ; 
 Palatine Note-book, vol. iv., pp. 116, 135.)
 
 1819] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 155 
 
 Mr. Thomas Cooke died July 26. He was born in Sheffield March 20, 1763. 
 His Views of the Science of Physiognomy was published posthumously in 1819. 
 
 There was a general turn-out of the spinners, colliers, and weavers for an 
 advance of wages. Mr. Gray's factory was attacked, and one man was killed, 
 September 9. 
 
 Henry Jones died at Wrexham 19th September. He was formerly a 
 gunner in the 72nd or Manchester Volunteers, and so distinguished himself 
 by his daring at the siege of Gibraltar that he was afterwards styled " Harry 
 the Devil." 
 
 Mrs. Fry visited the New Bailey Prison, October 3. 
 
 Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, visited Manchester. He stayed at the 
 Bridgewater Arms. October 22. 
 
 An amateur performance at the Theatre Royal for the benefit of the House 
 of Recovery, October 30, produced £300. 
 
 The Spectator, No. 1, was printed by Thomas Wilkinson, November 7. 
 
 Mr. Ashworth Clegg died 13th November. He was born 16th May, 174S, and 
 was educated at the Manchester Grammar School, and was one of the pro- 
 moters of the Manchester Academy. There is a portrait of him in Sir Thomas 
 Baker's Memorials. To his nephew, Sir Samuel Clegg, is due the merit of the 
 first application of gas to the illumination of a town. 
 
 Bennett Street Sunday School was erected to accommodate 2,687 pupils. 
 
 St. Mark's Day and Sunday School, Cheetham Hill, was established. 
 
 An Act obtained for cutting a road from Ardwick Green to Gorton. 
 
 Mr. George Crossley appointed governor of Chetham's Hospital. He 
 resigned in 1841. 
 
 St. Ann's Churchyard was enclosed with an iron palisading. 
 
 1819. 
 
 The stone structure to replace the wooden erection of Blackfriars Bridge 
 was begun by Mr. Thomas Fleming, January 4th. 
 
 A general meeting of the Radicals was held in St. Peter's Field January 
 18th. There was another meeting on June 21. 
 
 Political bitterness led to a riot in the Theatre Royal between Henry Hunt 
 and his friends and the Earl of Uxbridge and some officers of the 7th Light 
 Dragoons, January 23. 
 
 The Manchester Vagrant Office established January 28. 
 
 John Grimshaw died, Feb. 18. He was organist of St. John's Church and 
 a musical composer. (City News Notes and Queries, 1238.) 
 
 The Lock Hospital was opened in Bond Street March 1. It was afterwards 
 removed to Deansgate. 
 
 Mr. Robert son's factory, in Newton Lane (now Oldham Road), was burned 
 down March 3. 
 
 Thomas Gresswell, schoolmaster to the Chetham Hospital, died March 8. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Jones died 17th March. His father, John Jones, tea dealer and 
 banker, married a daughter of the Rev. J. Mottershead. Samuel Jones was 
 educated at the Warrington Academy, and soon after the death of his father 
 gave, up the tea business, which was at 104, Market Street, and removed the
 
 156 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1819 
 
 bank to 12, King Street. His sister Sarah married Lewis Loyd, the father of 
 Lord Overstone. Samuel Jones bequeathed £5,000 to Manchester College, 
 York, for the augmentation of the stipends of Dissenting ministers. (Baker's 
 Memorials, p. 95.) 
 
 59 George III. cap. 22. Act for providing that the several highways within 
 the parish of Manchester shall be repaired by the inhabitants of the respective 
 townships within which the same are situate. April 8th. 
 
 The inhabitants of Oldham Street presented a petition on 12th April to the 
 magistrates, in which they complain of "profane and debauched ballad singing 
 by men and women." The nuisance was therefore abated. 
 
 The Recorder, No. 1, May 6, was printed by John Leigh, in the Market 
 Place, and edited by Joseph Macardy. 
 
 To the consternation of the orthodox and loyal committee of the Church of 
 England Sunday Schools, many of the boys were sent to the Whit-Monday 
 procession in drab-coloured hats, then the symbol of Radicalism. These badges 
 of Liberalism were therefore prohibited. (Bardsley's Memorials, p. 135.) 
 
 Wardle's Manchester Observer was published weekly. No. 9 is dated 
 Saturday, June 5. 
 
 59 George III. cap. 56. Act for more effectually maintaining and amending 
 the road from Crossford Bridge to the township of Manchester. June 14th. 
 
 59 Geo. III. cap. 105. Act to enable the Company of Proprietors of the Canal 
 Navigation from Leeds to Liverpool to make a navagable cut, and also a 
 collateral branch or railway from their said canal at Biennis Bridge, near 
 Wigan, to join the Duke of Bridgewater's Canal at Leigh, Lancashire, and to 
 amend the several Acts relating to the said Leeds and Liverpool Canal, and an 
 Act for making the Rochdale Canal, so far as relates to certain powers therein 
 given to the late Duke of Bridgewater. June 21st. 
 
 A meeting of the Radicals was held June 21st, on St. Peter's Fields, when 
 delegates were appointed for a general reform union. To check this reforming 
 tendency, a meeting of the inhabitants was called by the boroughreeve, Mr. E. 
 Clayton, July 9, and resolutions were adopted declaratory of a determination 
 to co-operate in the preservation of the public peace. The Watch and Ward 
 was re-established, and a meeting of the Reformers called for the same date 
 was prohibited. The Radicals were advised that the legality of appointing a 
 "legislatorial attorney" was doubtful, and the intention of doing so was 
 abandoned, but Mr. Henry Hunt made a public entry into the town. 
 
 The Independent Chapel, Chapel Street, Salford, was opened July 25. 
 
 The 16th of August is memorable in the annals of Manchester for the 
 fatal Peterloo. Soon after nine o'clock the open space of St. Peter's Fields 
 began to fill, and processions of the Reformers from all parts of the town and 
 the surrounding districts marched in with banners and flags. A hustings had 
 been erected on a site near where the south-east corner of the Free Trade Hall 
 now stands. There were about sixty thousand present, including many women 
 and children. At the last moment the magistrates decided to arrest Mr. Henry 
 Hunt and those acting with him in the conduct of the meeting. Many special 
 constables had been sworn, and near the field were stationed six troops of the 
 15th Hussars, a troop of horse artillery with two guns, the greater part of the
 
 1819] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 157 
 
 31st Infantry, some companies of the 8Sth regiment, the Cheshire Yeomanry, 
 over 300 strong, and about forty of the Manchester Yeomanry. As Hunt 
 began to speak, the Manchester Yeomanry, hot-headed young men who were 
 more or less intoxicated, drew their swords, and dashed into the crowd which 
 they attacked recklessly. They were soon completely hemmed round by the 
 mass of human beings against whom they had thrown themselves. The 
 hussars now dashed forward to their rescue, and with such force that fugitives 
 in their efforts to escape were literally piled up to a considerable height above 
 the level of the field. The yeomanry thus extricated again rode into the crowd, 
 cutting and slashing wherever there was an opportunity. No reliable evidence 
 was ever brought forward that the Riot Act was publicly read before the dis- 
 persal of the crowd by the yeomanry and military. Eleven persons were killed 
 and several hundreds wounded. Many of these were women. The object of 
 the meeting, dispersed in this bloody fashion, was to petition for Parliamentary 
 reform. When the reports of the outrage appeared in the London papers the 
 feeling of indignation throughout the country was intense. The Manchester 
 magistrates met on the 19th, and published resolutions purporting to have been 
 adopted at a public meeting ; but a protest against their proceedings received 
 4,800 signatures in a few days. Nothwithstanding this, Lord Sidmouth, on 
 the 27th, conveyed to the magistrates the thanks of the Prince Regent for their 
 action in the " preservation of the public peace I" On the same day Hunt and 
 others were brought up at the New Bailey Court House, and committed for 
 trial at Lancaster Assizes on a charge of conspiracy. Elizabeth Gaunt, who 
 had been in the carriage with Hunt, and had been wounded and trampled on 
 the field, was discharged. Meetings were held in London, Glasgow, York, and 
 many other towns, where the action of the magistrates was denounced. 
 English literature owes the Masque of Anarchy to Shelley's indignation at the 
 butchery of the people at Peterloo. When Parliament met in November, Earl 
 Grey moved an amendment to the Address in condemnation of the Manchester 
 massacre, but the votes were 34 for and 159 against. In the Commons 150 voted 
 for an inquiry and 381 against an inquiry. Nevertheless, the effect of Peterloo 
 was very important, for it united the Reformers of all classes, and was the 
 beginning of the movement which carried into law the Reform Bill of 1832. 
 The Patriot, No. 1, price 2d., was printed by Joseph Aston, August 2S. 
 Mr. Thomas James Hatfield died 2nd October, aged 31, and was buried at 
 Cross Street Chapel. He had collected a valuable library, which was sold by 
 auction. Sir Thomas Baker describes his book-plates (Memorials, p. 112). 
 The building of the Infantry Barracks, Regent Road, began November 1. 
 William Cobbett was prevented by the authorities from passing through 
 Manchester, on his way from Liverpool to London, on his return from America, 
 November 30. The prohibition was due to Cobbett's intention to carry through 
 the town the bones of Thomas Paine, which he had brought over with him 
 from the United States. (Wheeler's Manchester, p. 119.) 
 
 The Congregational Chapel, Mosley Street, enlarged. This congregation 
 afterwards migrated and formed the Cavendish Street Chapel. 
 
 The Hulme Philosophical Institution founded at Christ Church Schools, 
 Hulme. The promoters were James Gaskell, Rowland Detrosier, and others.
 
 158 Annals of Manchester. [1820 
 
 It was afterwards united to the Sunday school there, and known as Christ 
 Church Institute. 
 
 The Collegiate Churchyard was enclosed with iron railings, and a faculty 
 obtained from the Bishop of Chester prohibiting interments therein for a 
 
 period of 31 years. 
 
 Rev. Peploe Ward, D.D., died. He was the son of Archdeacon Ward, of 
 St. Ann's, and was educated at the Grammar School and at Cambridge, and 
 was rector of Beeton, Cottenham. 
 
 Mr. James Banks Robinson, R.N., died at his house, Cheetwood, in his 71st 
 year. He was fifty years in the service, and fought in twelve general engage- 
 ments, amongst which were those of the Nile and Trafalgar, when he acted as 
 pilot to the fleet. Few men ever passed a more chequered life, or witnessed 
 more hairbreadth escapes. He commenced his career with Bruce, the traveller, 
 and was also the first of the party of midshipmen who ascended to the top of 
 Pompey's Pillar, and partook of a bowl of punch. 
 
 The Manchester Racecourse was improved. 
 
 The Rev. John Markland, M.A., of Bicester, county of Oxford, eldest son 
 of Robert Markland, of Mabfield, died December 15. 
 
 1820. 
 
 Messrs. Clay and Cullingworth's and Messrs. Hudson and Price's ware- 
 houses, in Marsden Square, were burned down, January 22. 
 
 The Rev. W. R. Hay presented, in January, to the valuable living of Roch- 
 dale, as a reward for his services in putting down the demand for reform, and 
 especially for the forcible dispersal of the Peterloo meeting. He was deservedly 
 an object of general detestation in Manchester. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Knight, one of the managers of the Manchester and Liverpool 
 Theatres Royal, died at his seat, Manor House, Shropshire, February 4. 
 
 The printer of the Manchester Observer was fined £250 for a libel on 
 Thomas Fleming, February 12. 
 
 George IV. proclaimed in Manchester by Mr. Thomas Sharpe. There was a 
 procession, and a feu dejoie was fired at Ardwick Green by the 15th Hussars, 
 the 31st Infantry, and the Manchester Yeomanry to celebrate the accession of 
 George IV., February 7. 
 
 Mr. Nathaniel Gould died March 10. He bequeathed several large sums to 
 the various charities in Manchester. 
 
 The trial of the Radical leaders, for the meeting at Peterloo, began March 
 16, at Lancaster Assizes, before Mr. Justice Bayley. Henry Hunt was 
 sentenced to two years and six months' imprisonment; whilst Joseph Johnson, 
 Joseph Healey, and Samuel Bamford were condemned to one year's imprison- 
 ment. Bamford, in his Life of a Radical, has left a graphic account of the 
 trial and of his prison experiences. Hunt issued periodical Letters from Mart- 
 Chester Gaol, and complained bitterly of his treatment. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Clarke, bookseller, died March 22, aged 81. 
 
 John Dunn was hanged at Lancaster 27th March for the murder of Mar- 
 garet Grimes at Manchester.
 
 1820] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 159 
 
 All Saints' Church, Oxford Road, was consecrated April 12. It was founded 
 by the Rev. Charles Burton, LL.D., who became the rector of the church. 
 
 Mr. Francis Ridings, for thirty years principal horn player at the theatre, 
 died April 14. 
 
 The anniversary of George IV.'s birthday was observed by the civil and 
 military authorities of the town, who went in procession to Ardwick Green, 
 and a, feu dejoie was fired, April 24. 
 
 Mr. John Okey died May 10. He was adjutant of the first regiment of Man- 
 chester Volunteer Infantry, and subsequently of the Local Militia, commanded 
 by Colonel Silvester. 
 
 The keystone of Blackf riars Bridge was laid by J. E. Scholes, boroughreeve 
 of Salford, 17th June. The bridge was opened 1st August by Thomas Fleming. 
 
 Mr. James Watson, commonly called the "Doctor," a man of some literary 
 power but of eccentric habits, was drowned in the river Mersey, near Dids- 
 bury, June 24. Some of his humorous pieces were published under the title of 
 the Spirit of the Doctor, 1820. He was editor of The Gleaner, Salford, 1S0G. 
 
 1 George IV. cap. 58. Act to repeal an Act made in the fifty-eighth year of 
 His late Majesty, for building a chapel of ease in the township of Pendleton 
 and parish of Eccles. July 8. 
 
 The Law Library, Marsden Square, was established July 21. 
 
 Rev. William Hawkes died 1st August. He was born in Birmingham lOtb 
 February, 1759, and was for 31 years minister of the Mosley Street Unitarian 
 Chapel. There is a Sketch of fits Character by J. Corrie, and a notice in the 
 Monthly Repository, 1814, p. 596. 
 
 St. Augustine's Catholic Chapel, Granby Row, was opened September 27. 
 Cost £10,000. The architect was John Palmer. 
 
 Mr. Otho Hulme died October 8. He was founder of the firm of O. Hulme 
 and Sons. 
 
 Rev. Rowland Broomhead died October 12. He was born at Stannington, 
 27th August, 1751, and studied in the English College at Rome, and on his 
 ordination preached before Clement XIV. In 1778 he was appointed to the 
 mission in Manchester and the district, and under his guidance St. Mary's, 
 Mulberry Street, and St. Augustine's, Granby Row, were built. When he came 
 to Manchester the Roman Catholics numbered 1,000; when he died, about 
 40,000. A Brief Memoir of him was published. There are two engraved 
 portraits. He was buried at St. Augustine's. 
 
 M p. Samuel Taylor, of Moston, died 23rd October, aged 48. He was a magis- 
 trate, and lieutenant-colonel of the Manchester and Salford Rifle Regiment of 
 Volunteers, and also Grand Master of the Orangemen of Great Britain from 
 1807 till his death, when he was succeeded by the Duke of York. A monument 
 is erected to his memory in the Collegiate Church. 
 
 Thomas Barritt died October 29, aged 77. He was born in Withy Grove, 
 where he carried on the business of a saddler, but devoted all his leisure to 
 archaeological pursuits, and accumulated a library and a valuable collection of 
 antiquities. The regard felt for him is well expressed by Mr. Joseph Aston in 
 :; memorial card which was printed at the time : —
 
 160 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 J820 
 
 HERE RESTETH THE REMAINS OF THOMAS BARRITT, A PROFOUND 
 ANTIQUARIAN AND A GOOD MAN. 
 
 He died honoured and respected by all ranks of society, October 20, 1S20, aged 77 years. 
 
 In Mancunium lived a man 'who knew 
 
 Much of old time, and much of ancient lore ; 
 
 Strange and scarce books had he, and curious coins, 
 
 Medals and painted glass, and pondrous arms ; 
 
 Helmets and breastplates, gauntlets vast, and shields 
 
 Of many kinds, proof against bloody war : 
 
 Swords without number, of all murdering shapes, 
 
 And one, which erst had grac'd a prince's thigh, 
 
 More valued than the rest— and more rever'd 
 
 3y him who owned it, and by all his friends. 
 
 He was vers'd in heraldry, and could tell 
 
 How all the thanes, and all the knights, and squires, 
 
 Within his shire, had sprung from times remote. * 
 
 And famed too, was he, for his industry ; 
 
 For aye at work, for much his business called ; 
 
 And yet full many a picture did he paint, 
 
 Pedigrees copied, branch and root, and carvings made 
 
 Of antique shapes ; and almost beyond belief, 
 
 Helmets and shields, to rival Greece and Rome ; 
 
 Stealing from sleep the time to give them form : 
 
 Nay once, grappling Patience, he made a suit of mail, 
 
 With thousand upon thousand links, for the love 
 
 He bore to ancient arms ; for he was curious 
 
 As the searching air, which pries, without a blush, 
 
 Into things scarce, or sacred, or profane. 
 
 Barritt was thrice married, his last wife dying in 1825. In early life he had the 
 misfortune to lose a leg, and had recourse to one of cork. He was interred by 
 torchlight, and his remains were attended to the grave by thirty or forty of 
 the most respectable inhabitants of the town. The bulk of his manuscripts 
 were purchased by the feoffees of Chetham's College ; his collection of ancient 
 arms, armour, and other antiquities, were disposed of by lottery; his collection 
 of ancient stained glass pictures, together with his drawings, were purchased 
 by the late Mr. "W. Ford; and his books, &c, were sold by auction by Mr. 
 Thomas Dodd. A MS. volume of verse, compiled by Barritt, for his two boys 
 in 1807, is described in Papers of the Manchester Literary Club, vol. ii., p. 156 
 There is a notice of him in the Dictionary of National Biography. 
 
 There was a partial illumination of the town to celebrate the withdrawal 
 of the Bill of Pains and Penalties against Queen Caroline, November 20. 
 
 Wesleyan Methodist Chapel erected in Grosvenor Street, Chorlton-upon- 
 Medlock. 
 
 In Blackwood's Magazine for December there is printed "A Prologue 
 Spoken before a Private Theatrical Performance in Manchester." This private 
 theatre was in the house of Mr. Thomas Ainsworth, in King Street, and the 
 youthful performers included "W. H. Ainsworth, J. R. Stephens, and others. 
 The prologue was written by James Crossley. {Manchester Guardian Local 
 Rotes and Queries, No. 1065.) 
 
 The Manchester Chamber of Commerce was established for the promotion 
 of measures calculated to benefit and protect the trading interests of its mem- 
 bers, and the general trade of the town and neighbourhood of Manchester.
 
 L821] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 161 
 
 The Salford Gas Works, Clowes Street, was erected by Messrs. Appleby, 
 Clay, and Fisher. From these works Salford was supplied by contract until 
 December, 1831. 
 
 The Church Building Commissioners submitted to a parish meeting an 
 offer to build three new churches if the parish would pay for sites by a church 
 rate ; but the inhabitants, by a majority of 720 votes against 418, refused the 
 rate. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Manor Courtroom, Brown Street, to move 
 addresses to George IV. and Queen Caroline, expressive of indignation as to 
 the proceedings against the queen. Mr. Baxter presided, the boroughreeve 
 having previously refused to call a public meeting. December 4. A counter- 
 demonstration of the High Church party was held in the large room of the 
 Police Office, 9th December, when a loyal address to the king was adopted. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Hibbert Ware, of Edinburgh (formerly of Manchester), was 
 presented by the Royal Society of Arts with their large gold medal, for his 
 discovery of cliromate of iron in one of the Shetland Isles. 
 
 All Saints' Church, Chorlton-on-Medlock, consecrated. 
 
 Mr. Hugh Hornby Birley gazetted as major of the Manchester Yeomanry, 
 vice T. J. Trafford, resigned. 
 
 The silk-throwing mill of Mr. Vernon Boyle, erected 1819-20, is said to have 
 been the first to be completed and brought to perfection in Manchester. 
 
 1821. 
 
 William Sandford died January 10. He was senior churchwarden of 
 Manchester in 1815, and one of the constables in 1818. He was father of the 
 Rev. G. B. Sandford. 
 
 There were great rejoicings at Heaton Hall to celebrate the majority of the 
 Earl of Wilton in January. 
 
 The premises of Messrs. Buxton and Sons, builders, &c, in Oxford Road, 
 were burned down in January. 
 
 William Ogden died, February 3. He was a letterpress printer, and the 
 last surviving son of the well-known " Poet Ogden." Mr. Ogden, in his poli- 
 tical principles, was a determined Jacobin and a Radical Reformer. During 
 the temporary suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act he was arrested as a state 
 prisoner, and underwent several examinations before the Privy Council, but 
 was ultimately discharged. His treatment was the subject of a debate in the 
 House of Commons, in the course of which Canning was said, but erroneously, 
 to have sarcastically called him the "revered and ruptured Ogden." This 
 phrase raised great indignation amongst the Radicals. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Taylor, Wesleyan Methodist minister, died at Plymouth Dock, 
 20th February. He u as born near Manchester, 5th May, 1768, and was the com- 
 piler of an Index to Minutes of Conference from 1744 to 1816 (1817), and of an 
 Abridgment of the Life of Philip Henry (1818). 
 
 Mr. James Currie died, February 24, aged 81. He was for many years- 
 newsman from this town to Wigan. 
 
 Dr. White's house, which stood on the site now occupied by the old Town 
 Hall, was pulled down. February.
 
 162 Annals of Manchester. [1821 
 
 Joseph Nadin, who had been upwards of twenty years deputy-constable at 
 Manchester, resigned in March, and was succeeded by Stephen Lavender, of 
 London. 
 
 1 and 2 George IV., cap. 18. Act for more effectually repairing and im- 
 proving the roads from Hurdlow House, through Buxton, in the county of 
 Derby, and Stockport, in the county of Chester, to Manchester, and other roads 
 therein mentioned in the said counties. April 6th. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Hoyle, senior, calico printer, Mayfield, died April 9, aged 82. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, Bart., visited Manchester, April 9. 
 
 A colony of rooks established themselves in a small garden at the top of 
 King Street, belonging to Mrs. Hall. April. 
 
 Manchester Guardian, No. 1, May 5, price 7d., printed and published by 
 John Edward Taylor and Jeremiah Garnett. 
 
 1 and 2 George IV., cap. 47. Act to alter and amend several Acts passed 
 for more effectually supplying with water the inhabitants of the towns of 
 Manchester and Salford, and for further extending the powers and provisions 
 of the said Acts. May 7th. 
 
 The changing of the £1 and £2 notes began at the Bank of England May 10. 
 The place was constantly crowded. The amount of notes exchanged for gold 
 up to June 30 exceeded £420,000, upwards of four tons weight. 
 
 The Rev. Miles Wrigley, M.A., died May 12, aged 75. He was for twenty- 
 eight years incumbent of St. Michael's Church. 
 
 Mr. Richard Rushforth, of Hunt's Bank, died May 24. He was a liberal 
 promoter of the fine arts. His fine collection of books, prints, and pictures 
 was dispersed by auction. 
 
 Mr. Edward Hall Thorpe, lieutenant in the navy, and son of Mr. Thorpe 
 surgeon, of this town, died May 26, on his return from Madrid. 
 
 A meeting was convened by the Chamber of Commerce in the Police Office, 
 to take into consideration the propriety of a petition to Parliament to amend 
 the Stamp Duties Act. May. 
 
 The shambles at Newton Lane (now Oldham Road) were removed to the 
 new market in Shudehill, and the New Cross taken down. It is commemorated 
 in the name given to the district. May. 
 
 Ralph Nixon, who had formerly been a master manufacturer of this town, 
 committed to prison for robbing the Turk's Head, Shudehill. May. 
 
 A meeting of leypayers in the Police Office, to take into consideration 
 Mr. Scarlett's Poor Law Bill, June 1. 
 
 A young man severely crushed between the wheel of a carrier's cart and 
 the wall in the narrow part of Market Street, June 4. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Waller, a Methodist local preacher, indicted at the New Bailey 
 Sessions for preaching in the highway at Ashton-under-Lyne, and sentenced 
 to three months' imprisonment, June 23. 
 
 1 and 2 George IV., cap. 126. Act to improve Market Street, in the town of 
 Manchester, and approaches thereto, and to amend an Act passed in the 57th 
 year of His late Majesty's reign, for building a bridge across the river Irwell 
 from Water Street, in the township of Salford, to St. Mary's Gate, in the town- 
 ship of Manchester. July 2.
 
 1321] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 163 
 
 Colonel Thomas Ilderton Ferriar died at Valencia, Columbia, 17th July. 
 He was a son of Dr. John Ferriar, and had the command of the British Legion 
 at the battle of Carabobo, 24th June, which broke the power of Spain in the 
 New World. It was the coolness and decision of the British volunteers that 
 secured the victory. Colonel Ferriar died of wounds then received. (Axon's 
 Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 
 The coronation of George IV. was celebrated July 19 by processions of trades, 
 which included upwards of 40,000 persons. In the afternoon the following 
 articles were given away, viz., 25 oxen, 60 sheep, 29,000 pounds of bread, and 
 400 barrels of strong ale. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Cowdroy died 21st July, aged 65. She was the relict of William 
 Cowdroy, founder of the Gazette. 
 
 At the first meeting held under the Market Street Improvements Bill about 
 10 commissioners qualified, July 23. 
 
 Mr. James Murray, M.D., of Medlock Bank, died July 29. 
 
 Mr. Reddish, a bookseller, was imprisoned for selling a copy of the Political 
 Dictionary. July. 
 
 Mr. William Freer, glass manufacturer, of St. Ann's Square, died Aug. 11. 
 
 The second anniversary meeting of the Radical Reformers was held in the 
 Union Rooms, George Leigh Street. They walked to St. Peter's Field, and 
 thence to Christ Church, Hulme (the Bible Christian Church), where several 
 children were baptised in the name of Henry Hunt. August 16. 
 
 The dislike felt for local banknotes led to their refusal by many of the 
 principal inhabitants, September 1. 
 
 An explosion took place at Mr. Robert Andrew's works, Green Mount, 
 Harpurhey, September 11. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Andrew, turkey-red dyer, Harpurhey, died, aged 86, Sept. 14. 
 
 Daintry, Ryle, and Co.'s Bank removed from Macclesfield and opened in 
 Norfolk Street, Manchester. September. 
 
 The Manchester Express commenced to run. It left London at 4 p.m. and 
 arrived here on the following morning. It only carried two passengers. Oct. 1. 
 
 Mr. George Evans Aubry, secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, appointed 
 clerk to the Improvement Commissioners, October 18. 
 
 A subscription was begun for Sir Robert Wilson on his dismissal from the 
 army, October 22. Sir Robert having connived at the escape of Lavalette 
 from Paris after the Peace of 1815, had incurred the displeasure of the Prince 
 Regent, and his conduct at the funeral of Queen Caroline having completed his 
 disgrace at head-quarters, he was dismissed from the army. After the lapse of 
 a few years he was restored to rank and position. 
 
 Acres Fair removed to the new market, Shudehill. October. 
 
 Rev. Peter Hordern, B.A., appointed librarian of Chetham College, on the 
 resignation of the Rev. J. T. Allen. October. 
 
 Writs were served on Messrs. Birley, Withington, Tebbutt, Oliver, and 
 Meagher, for assaults committed at St. Peter's Field on the 10th of August, 
 1819. October. 
 
 Mr. William C. Macready played in the character of " Hamlet" for the first 
 time here in the Theatre Royal, Fountain Street, November 3.
 
 164 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1821 
 
 St. John's Church, Deansgate, was newly roofed (the old roof having proved 
 faulty) and beautified throughout, at the expense of Miss Byrom, the daughter 
 of the founder. It was reopened November 4th. 
 
 Rev. Joshua Brookes, M.A., died November 11, in the 68th year of his age. 
 He was the son of a shoemaker, and was born at Cheadle Hulme, and baptised 
 19th May, 1754. He was educated at the Free Grammar School ; and was 
 appointed chaplain to the Collegiate Church in March, 1791 ; and during the 
 period of thirty-one years is supposed to have baptised, married, and buried 
 more persons than any other clergyman in the kingdom. He was a man of great 
 eccentricity, with many failings, but few if any vices. He had a considerable 
 acquaintance with books, and left a good library behind him. Many ludicrous 
 stories are told of him. He figures conspicuously in Mrs. Banks's novel of The 
 Manchester Man, and is mentioned in Parkinson's Old Church Clock. Mr. 
 Evans, in his notes to the fifth edition, has given a full account of this kind- 
 hearted but eccentric divine. His bookplate is described in the Palatine Note- 
 book, vol. i., p. 69. He is buried in the Collegiate Church near the Corporation 
 Seats. 
 
 Thomas, second Earl of Wilton, was married, at Knowsley, to Lady Mary 
 Margaret Stanley, daughter of the twelfth Earl of Derby, November 29. 
 
 A reduction of 3s. 4d. per ton on the carriage of cotton from Liverpool to 
 Manchester by the Duke's Canal and the Old Quay Company. November. 
 
 Northern Express and Lancashire Daily Post, No. 1, December 1, printed 
 at Stockport, and published in Manchester, for Henry Burgess. This was the 
 second attempt to establish a daily newspaper out of London. 
 
 Sir William David Evans, Kt., died at Bombay, December 4. He was a 
 native of London, and was born in 1767. He was called to the bar and practised 
 as a barrister at Liverpool and Manchester from 1794 to 1814, when he was 
 appointed stipendiary magistrate of Manchester. In 1817 he was appointed 
 Vice-Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and in 1819 became Recorder of 
 Bombay. He was the author of various legal works. {Gentleman's Magazine, 
 1822.) 
 
 Mr. William Jones, of the firm of Jones, Loyd, and Co., bankers, died 
 December 24, at Broughton Hall. 
 
 The " Tent Methodists' " Chapel, in Canal Street, Ancoats, was opened 
 December 25. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Farington, R.A., died at Parr's Wood, near Manchester, Dec. 
 30th, and was buried at Manchester. He was born at Leigh, 21st November, 
 1747. (Redgrave's Artists of the English School.) 
 
 Mr. William Blackburn, of Manchester, went to superintend the cotton mill 
 at Dover, New Hampshire. This was the beginning of the cotton manufacture 
 at Great Falls. (Axon's Lancashire Gleanings, p. 143.) 
 
 An Act was obtained for widening Market Street, King Street, Nicholas 
 Croft, Toad Lane, and Poole Lane. This improvement was completed in 1F36. 
 
 By the third Parliamentary census the fourteen districts of the township 
 of Manchester contained 16,653 inhabited houses, occupied by 22,839 families, 
 which consisted of 51,520 males and 56,496 females ; total, 108,016. The total 
 population of the townships constituting the parish of Manchester was 187,031.
 
 1822] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 165 
 
 The number of publications of the banns of matrimony in the Collegiate 
 Church of Manchester was 2,191. The whole fees (including publication of 
 banns and marriage fee, then 3s. 6d.) were paid at the time the names of the 
 parties intending to be married were inserted in the banns' book. The number 
 of marriages solemnised after the publication of banns during the same year 
 was 1,924. The fee (3s. 6d.), which included the publication of banns, was thus 
 divided, viz., lOd. each chaplain, Is. 8d. ; 9d. each clerk, Is. 6d. ; Id. each 
 chorister, 4d. — 3s. 6d. 
 
 The Catholic, edited by Rev. N. Gilbert, formerly of Antigua, changed to 
 The Catholic Phoenix, 1822 ; edited by Mr. Grimes, surgeon ; printed by Mr. 
 Joseph Pratt, Bridge Street. 
 
 A requisition, signed by nearly 400 leypayers of the parish, was presented 
 to the churchwardens to convene a meeting to induce the commissioners to 
 forego the erection of three or four new churches in the town. 
 
 Captain Richard Crompton, second son of Nathan Crompton, of this town, 
 died at Lisbon, December 1. This gentleman volunteered from the 1st battalion 
 of the Lancashire Militia in the 9th Regiment of Foot. He was at the battle of 
 Vimiera, and subsequently town adjutant of Lisbon. 
 
 The population of Manchester, including Ardwick, Cheetham, Chorlton, 
 and Hulme, at the third census was 126,031. That of Salford, including 
 Broughton, 26,552. 
 
 1822. 
 
 A saw mill belonging to Messrs. D. Bellhouse and Son wilfully set on fire 
 and destroyed, January 9. 
 
 The Manchester Iris, No. 1, February 2, printed and published by Henry 
 Smith ; ceased February 27, 1823. Henry Smith served his apprenticeship with 
 William Cowdroy, jun. He died July 11, 1838, aged 44 years. 
 
 Mr. William Cowdroy, jun., proprietor and printer of the Manchester 
 Gazette, died March 10, aged 47. 
 
 Messrs. Hugh Hornby Birley, major of the Manchester Yeomanry Cavalry ; 
 Richard Withington, captain; Alexander Oliver, private, and Edward Meagher, 
 trumpeter in the same corps, were tried at Lancaster in March, under an 
 action of assault and wounding on the 10th of August, 1819, Thomas Redford, 
 a journeyman hatter ; but after a trial of five days a verdict was given for the 
 defendants. This was an attempt to bring to account those who were 
 responsible for the Peterloo massacre. 
 
 Elizabeth, relict of George Ormerod, and mother of Dr. Ormerod, died 
 May 13, aged 69. 
 
 3 George IV., cap. 14. Act for lighting and watching, and for regulating 
 the police within the township of Chorlton Row. May 15. 
 
 The County Court first held in Manchester, by adjournment from Preston, 
 May 23. 
 
 Smithfield Market, Shudehill, was opened in May. 
 
 The Manchester Society for the Promotion of Natural History established 
 June 30. The Museum, late in Peter Street, was opened May 18, 1835. The 
 collect inn is now at the Owens College. 
 
 The improvement in .Market Street was commenced in June.
 
 166 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1823 
 
 The foundation stone of the Town Hall, King Street, was laid by Mr. James 
 Brierley, boroughreeve, August 10. It was finished 1825. The cost of land was 
 £6,500 ; of building, £28,035 ; finishing the large room, £5,012 ; making a total 
 outlay of £39,547. The style of architecture is taken from the Temple of 
 Erecthus at Athens, and the dome in the centre is after the model of the 
 Tower of the Winds. In the niches in front are figures of Solon and Alfred, 
 and in the attic are medallion portraits of Locke, Solon, and Judge Hale. The 
 building measures 134 feet in front, and 76 feet in depth. The increase of 
 municipal business led to the vacation of the old Town Hall in 1877, and it is 
 now used for the Central Free Reference Library. 
 
 St. Matthew's Church, Liverpool Road, founded August 12 ; consecrated 
 September 24, 1S25. It will accommodate 2,000 persons. It is of modern Gothic 
 architecture, and has a lantern tower and spire, the height of which is 132 feet. 
 It is built upon part of the site of the ancient Roman town of Mancunium. 
 Sir Charles Barry was the architect. 
 
 A General Swedenborgian Conference held at Bolton Street Temple, Salf ord, 
 August 14-17. (Hindmarsh's Rise, Sec, p. 375.) 
 
 The death of " Old Billy " excited a great deal of interest. " Billy" was a 
 horse belonging to the Mersey and Irwell Navigation, and when he died, 27th 
 November, was in the 62nd year of his age. A lithograph was published, 
 showing " Old Billy," with Henry Harrison, who had known the animal for 
 fifty-nine years. 
 
 Rusholme Road Cemetery was opened. 
 
 A dome added to St. Peter's Church. Mosley Street. 
 
 The Female Penitentiary opened in Rusholme Road. 
 
 The New Quay Company begun by John Brettargh and two others, with a 
 capital of £30,000. 
 
 The Wesleyan Tract Association was instituted. 
 
 The manufacture of gros de Naples and figured sarcenets introduced intc 
 Manchester. (Wheeler's Manchester.) 
 
 1823. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Blackburne, D.C.L., warden of the Collegiate Church, and 
 rector of Thelwall, died January 10, aged 67. He was born at Orford Hall, and 
 educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Oxford. He was presented 
 to the wardenship of Manchester in 1800. It is said of his brother John that 
 he "was forty-six years the representative in Parliament for the county of 
 Lancaster, and during the whole of that period he only asked and received two 
 favours of the Government which he supported, viz., the wardenship of Man- 
 chester for his second, and the office of distributor of stamps for his third 
 brother." 
 
 Mr James Harrop died 22nd February, at Broughton Priory, aged 66 years 
 He was the son of Joseph Harrop, the founder of the Manchester Mercury, 
 and succeeded to the conduct of that paper. He was postmaster for several 
 years, but lost that appointment in 1806. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Jackson Calvert, D.D., installed warden of the Collegiate 
 Church, March 8.
 
 1824] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 167 
 
 Mr. Samuel Dawson died 11th March, aged 70. He was one of the earliest of 
 those who followed the Swedenborgian teachings of Mr. Clowes. He was for 
 many years leader of the Bolton Society. He is buried at Prestwich. (Dr. 
 Bayley, in The Dawn, March 27th, 1884.) 
 
 Mr. David William Paynter died March 14. He was the son of a Manchester 
 solicitor, and received his education at the Grammar School. He wrote the 
 History of Godfrey Ranger, 1813 ; Eurypilus, a tragedy, 1816 ; and Muse in 
 Idleness, 1819. The last named was somewhat savagely handled by a critic in 
 Blackwood's Magazine. His tragedy of King Stephen was performed in 1S21, 
 after many unavailing efforts. Mr. Paynter died at the age of 32, and is buried 
 in Blackley Churchyard. 
 
 By a decree made in the Rolls Court, London, all lands in the parish of 
 Manchester (with but few exceptions) were subjected to the payment of one- 
 tenth of all the hay, milk, and potatoes produced within it, and one-tenth of 
 the value of agistment of barren cattle, besides corn. March. The agricul- 
 tural lands within the parish contained 15,000 acres. 
 
 Mr. William Green died at Ambleside 28th April. He was born in Man- 
 chester in 1761, and was an artist and author of Guide to the English Lakes, 
 Mountains, and Scenery, 1819. He was an accomplished artist, and his 
 drawings helped to make the Lake District known. He was a friend of 
 Wordsworth and Southey. (Manchester School Register, vol. ii., p. 6; 
 vol. iii., p. 321.) 
 
 The ball and cross on the spire of St. Mary's Church were lowered to the 
 ground by Philip Wooton, May 10. 
 
 Mr. Richard Whitfield Ashworth died at Cheltenham 23rd May. He was 
 born at Strawberry Hill, Salford, about 1800, and wrote Leisure Hours (poems), 
 which were printed in 1843. (Grammar School Register, vol. iii., p. 66.) 
 
 4 George IV., cap. 107. Act for amending the road leading from the New 
 Wall, on the Parade, in Castleton, in the parish of Rochdale, through Middleton 
 to the Meerstone, in Great Heaton, and to the town of Manchester, and for 
 diverting certain parts of the said road. June 17th. 
 
 4 George IV., cap. 115. Act to alter, amend, and enlarge the powers of the 
 several Acts passed for more effectually supplying with water the inhabitants 
 ot the towns of Manchester and Salford. June 27th. 
 
 The Royal Manchester Institution, for the promotion of literature, science, 
 and the arts, inaugurated at a general meeting of the inhabitants, held in the 
 Exchange room, October 1. The building in Mosley Street, begun in 1825 and 
 completed in 1830, was erected at a cost of £30,000. Sir Charles Barry was the 
 architect. The institution was originally projected by Thomas Dodd, auctioneer 
 and connoisseur. It is now the City Art Gallery. 
 
 Acres Fair was removed from St. Ann's Square to Campfield. 
 
 1824. 
 
 A covered market opened in London Road February 14. The site is now 
 covered by the railway station. 
 
 The treadmill was introduced into the New Bailey Prison February 18. 
 Christ Church (Bible Christians), Every Street, opened February 29.
 
 168 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1824 
 
 Mr. Matthew Falkner died at Burnley 8th March. He was born in 1738. 
 He was the proprietor of the Manchester Herald, 1792. {Manchester School 
 Register, vol. ii., p. 7.) 
 
 5 George IV., cap. 10. Act for more effectually repairing and improving 
 the roads from Hurdlow House, county of Derby, to Manchester, county of 
 Lancaster, and other roads in the said counties and in the county palatine of 
 Chester. March 23rd. 
 
 Mr. Edward Greaves, of Culcheth Hall, died March 29, aged 62. He was 
 high sheriff of the county in 1812. A monument by Chantry is erected to his 
 memory in the Collegiate Courch. 
 
 The Primitive Methodist Chapel opened in Jersey Street. April. 
 
 There were labour riots, occasioned by the masters having increased the 
 hours of labour from eleven to twelve hours. April. 
 
 A company for a double railway between Liverpool and Manchester was 
 formed May 20. The capital was in 4,000 shares of £100 each. George Stephen- 
 son was engineer. The Bill was lost in committee June 1, 1825. 
 
 5 George IV., cap. 95. Act for lighting, cleaning, watching, and improving 
 the township of Hulme, and for regulating the police thereof. June 3rd. 
 
 5 George IV., cap. 143. Act for making and maintaining a turnpike road 
 from the road leading from Manchester to Bolton, to communicate with the 
 road from Bury to Bolton. June 17th. 
 
 Hugh Prichard publicly sold his wife, aged 26, for 3s. June. 
 
 The Baptist Chapel, Great Mount Street, was opened August 29. 
 
 The Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company presented to the Manchester 
 Museum the head of "Old Billy," a horse which was said to have been in their 
 service 62 years, August 30. 
 
 The fall of an iron beam at the factory of Mr. Nathan Gough, Oldfield Lane, 
 caused the death of nineteen persons and the injury of nineteen others. Oct. 16. 
 
 The Unitarian Chapel, Greengate, Salford, was erected, and was opened 
 on Christmas Day. 
 
 An Act of Parliament (5 George IV. cap. 133) passed for supplying Man- 
 chester with gas. The merit of originating the gasworks is due to Mr. G. 
 W. Wood, M.P., and Mr. Thomas Fleming. 
 
 A covered market established in Brown Street. 
 
 Mr. John Houtson died at Ava. He was a native of Lawder, Roxburghshire, 
 but came to Manchester at an early age, and engaged unsuccessfully in com- 
 merce. After becoming bankrupt he went out as part of a colony to Fernando 
 Po. Afterwards he accompanied Giovanni Belzoni on his expedition to Central 
 Africa, closing the eyes of the dead traveller, and brought back his rins and 
 last message to his wife. Houtson then took passage to Ava, where he died a 
 few days after his arrival. He was an early friend of Sir William Fairbairn, 
 whohas given an account of him in his autobiography. (Pole's Life of Fairbairn.) 
 
 The Floral and Horticultural Society was established. 
 
 The Humane Society, for the recovery of persons apparently drowned or 
 dead, was reorganised. 
 
 Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Chapel erected in Cooper Street.
 
 18251 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 169 
 
 Mr. Dauntesey Hulme presented £10,000 to the General Infirmary (subject 
 to a life annuity). 
 
 1825. 
 
 The Infirmary clock was lighted with gas January 1, at the expense of 
 Mr. Richard Ormerod, of Manchester. 
 
 The Manchester Courier, No. 1, January 1, printed and published by Thos. 
 Sowler, No. 4, St. Ann's Square. The first editor was Alaric Watts, a brilliant 
 young man, whose name was then well known in the literary world. His 
 connection with the paper was very brief. He writes to his wife, 24th April, 
 1826 : " I have sold my half copyright of the Manchester Courier for £500." 
 Mr. Watts was born in London 16th March, 1797, and died at London 5th April. 
 1864. (Alaric Watts: A Narrative of his Life, by his son, A. A. Watts, 
 London, 1884.) 
 
 A sixpenny omnibus began to run 1st January between Market Street and 
 Pendleton. This was started by John Greenwood, of Pendleton, and was the 
 beginning of the local omnibus system. (City Ncivs Notes and Queries, vol. i., 
 p. 167.) • 
 
 Rev. Edward Smyth died at Chorlton Hall, Feburary 6, aged 76. He was a 
 son of Archbishop Smyth, of Dublin. He came to Manchester, where he built 
 St. Clement's Church, in 1793, and St. Luke's, in 1804. He became paralysed in 
 1817. He is buried in St. Luke's Churchyard. (Manchester School Register, 
 vol. iii., p. 71.) 
 
 The Deaf and Dumb School, Stanley Street, Salford, opened February 9. 
 
 The Infant School, Buxton Street, London Road, opened February 14. This 
 was the first infant school established in Manchester, and its foundation was 
 due to the Society of Friends. 
 
 The Union Club was established. The house in Mosley Street was opened 
 March 21, 1836. 
 
 The Police Act (6 George IV. cap. 5) for the township of Ardwick passed 
 the Legislature March 23. 
 
 The Mechanics' Institution, Cooper Street, was founded, and held its first 
 meeting March 30. The building in Cooper Street cost £6,600, and was the 
 first building erected in England for the purpose. The institution removed to 
 David Street in 1857. 
 
 A peal of ten bells was opened in the Collegiate Church on Easter Monday. 
 
 6 George IV. cap. 51. Act for making and maintaining a road from Great 
 Ancoats Street, in the town of Manchester, to join a diversion of the Manches- 
 ter and Salter's Brook road, in Audenshaw, in the parish of Ashton-under-L\ ae, 
 and two branches of road communicating therewith. May 2. 
 
 6 George IV. cap. 83. Act for more effectually improving the roads from 
 Manchester, through Oldham, to Austerlands, in the parish of Saddleworth, 
 and from Oldham to Ashton-under-Lyne, and from Oldham to Rochdale. May 20. 
 
 6 George IV. cap. 112. Act to enlarge the powers of an Act of His late 
 Majesty's reign, to empower the Justices of the Peace within the Hundred of 
 Salford to raise a sum of money to be paid by way of salary to the chairman 
 of the Quarter Sessions for the said Hundred. June 10.
 
 170 Annals of Manchester 
 
 [1825 
 
 6 George IV. cap. 20. Act for enabling the trustees in the will of Dorothy 
 Clowes, widow, deceased, to grant leases of the estates thereby devised for 
 building upon or improving the same. June 10. 
 
 The Rev. James Pedley, M.A., died 28th June, in his 79th year. He was 
 for forty years incumbent of St. Thomas's, Pendleton, and for the same period 
 one of the assistant masters of the Free Grammar School. 
 
 Manchester Advertiser, No. 1, July 2, printed by Joseph Pratt, for Stephen 
 Whalley. This paper was given away, its revenue being derived solely from 
 advertisements. 
 
 Chorlton Row Infants' School was established August 22. 
 
 The foundation stone of the Salford Town Hall and Market laid August 30, 
 by Lord Bexley. The building was enlarged in 1847, 1848, and 1853. A new 
 wing was added in 1860-62, when the wing built in 1848 was taken down. 
 
 The Jews' Synagogue, Halliwell Street, Long Millgate, was consecrated 
 September 2. 
 
 William Hone, who visited Bartholomew Fair, London, 5th September, 
 gives a picture and description of William Wilkinson Westhead, the Man 
 Chester gigantic boy, who was born 26th September, and baptised at the 
 Collegiate Church 12th October. He was then 5ft. 2in. high, measured 5ft. 
 round the body, 27in. across the shoulders, and weighed 22 stone. (Wood's 
 Giants and Dwarfs, p. 212.) 
 
 St. Philip's Church, Salford, consecrated September 21. The Parliamentar j 
 grant for the building of this church was £14,000. 
 
 Mr. George Nicholson died at Stourport, November 1. He was born at Brad- 
 ford, in Yorkshire, in 1760, but resided successively at Manchester, Poughnill, 
 and Stourport. As a printer he was remarkable for the cheapness and beauty 
 of the publications which came from his press. He was also the author and 
 compiler of a variety of -works— Stenography, Advocate and Friend of Woman, 
 On the Conduct of Man to Inferior Animals, The Primeval Diet of Man,, &c. 
 He was himself a vegetarian. (Further particulars are given in Williams's 
 Ethics of Diet.) 
 
 Mr. George Calvert died November 14. He was a surgeon, and was the son of 
 Mr. Charles Calvert, of Oldham Street and Glossop Hall. He was the author 
 of a treatise on Diseases of the Rectum, and for three years in succession 
 gained the Jacksonian Prize of the Royal College of Surgeons. Born in Man- 
 chester, 1795. 
 
 The premises of Messrs. Sharp, Roberts, and Co. destroyed by fire, which 
 was believed to be the work of an incendiary. 
 
 The Diorama, Cooper Street, was built. It has since been taken down. 
 
 The annual value of property in Manchester was £334,737, and in Salford 
 £74,979. 
 
 The Provincial Portable Gas Works Company, Hulmefield, was formed, 
 but the project was abandoned in 1829. 
 
 A Fire Engine Department established under Captain Anthony. 
 
 A Bill was introduced into Parliament for the construction of a ship canal 
 from Manchester to the mouth of the Dee, at an estimated expense of £1,000,000, 
 to be raised in 10,000 shares at £100 each. The scheme was thrown out by the 
 Parliamentary Committee.
 
 1826] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 171 
 
 The Independent Chapel in Rusholme Road was opened. 
 
 The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Rusholme Road, was erected. 
 
 The Baptist Chapel, Oak Street, was built. 
 
 The Wesleyan Chapel, Oxford Street, was built. 
 
 Mr. Richard Roberts (of the firm of Sharp, Roberts, and Co.), took out a 
 patent for a self-acting mule now generally in use ; a second patent was taken 
 out in 1830. The invention owed its existence to a strike, when the difficulty 
 of obtaining manual labour induced an appeal from the manufacturers to Mr. 
 Roberts to invent a mechanical substitute. 
 
 W. Harter undertook silk weaving in Manchester. 
 
 There were estimated to be 20,C00 power-looms in Manchester parish, 104 
 spinning factories in the town, and 110 steam engines. 
 
 1826. 
 
 Ann, relict of the late Mr. Henry Atherton, barrister, and daughter of the 
 late Mr. Edward Byrom, died January 9, aged 75. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Price, a fustian manufacturer, was murdered, at mid-day, Feb. 
 10th, in his warehouse in Marsden Square. The premises were also set on fire. 
 James Evans, his warehouseman, was tried for the crime, but acquitted. 
 
 Miss Ellen Turner was brought to Manchester by Edward Gibbon Wake- 
 field, March 7. In conjunction with his brother William, his sister Frances, 
 and Edward Thevant, he abducted the young lady, who was an heiress, from a 
 school at Liverpool, obtaining possession of her by means of a forged letter, sum- 
 moning her to see her stepmother. This story they afterwards varied. She was 
 brought to the Albion Hotel, Manchester, and from thence taken to Gretna 
 Green, where a form of marriage was gone through. She was taken to London, 
 and then to Calais, where she was rescued by her uncle. The Wakefields were 
 tried at Lancaster Assizes, in March, 1827, and on May 14th, 1827, Edward was 
 sentenced to three years' imprisonment in Newgate and William to three years* 
 imprisonment in Lancaster Castle. The marriage, which had not been con- 
 summated, was dissolved by Act of Parliament. Edward Gibbon Wakefield's 
 useful after-life was a striking contrast to this disgraceful affair. His services 
 to the Australian Colonies were very great. He died at Wellington, New 
 Zealand, May 16th, 1862. 
 
 Mr. John Shore, well known for his benevolent character, died at Ardwick, 
 March 16, aged 84. 
 
 7 George IV., cap. 16. Act for more effectually repairing and improving 
 the roads from Manchester to Salter's Brook, and for making and maintaining 
 several extensions or divisions of road, and a new branch of road to communi- 
 cate therewith. March 22nd. 
 
 The Manchester and Liverpool Railway Bill passed through the House of 
 Lords, May 1. The draining of Chat Moss (the first point of operation) w r aa 
 commenced in June. The first shaft of the Liverpool Tunnel was opened in 
 September, and the earthwork, comprising the cuttings and the embanking 
 along the whole line, was begun in January, 1827. The last joining between 
 the several lengths of the line was completed in June, 1828. 
 
 7 George IV., cap. 49. Act for making and maintaining a railway or tram-
 
 172 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 51826 
 
 road from the town of Liverpool to the town of Manchester, with certain 
 branches therefrom. May 5th. 
 
 7 George IV., cap. 81. Act for making and maintaining a road from the 
 top of Hunt's Bank, in the town of Manchester, to join the present Manchester 
 and Bury turnpike road in Pilkington. May 5th. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Parry, an able painter of marine subjects, died May 11. He 
 was born at Liverpool, in 1744, and is generally known as "Old Parry." 
 
 Elizabeth Bate, aged 28, murdered at the Jolly Carter, a public-house at 
 Winton, near Patricroft, May 22. Alexander and Michael M'Keand, dealers in 
 linen and tea, at Manchester, were convicted of the murder August 18, and 
 hanged at Lancaster August 21. Michael's body was given to the surgeons of 
 Lancaster for dissection, and Alexander's was sent to the Manchester 
 Infirmary for the same purpose, but was first publicly exhibited. (Procter, 
 Bycgone Manchester, p. 52.) 
 
 7 George IV., cap. 99. Act for making and maintaining a railway or 
 tramroad from Manchester to Oldham, with a branch from Failsworth Pole to 
 or near Dry Clough, in the township of Royton. May 26th. 
 
 7 George IV., cap. 138. Act for more effectually repairing and improving 
 several roads leading to and from the town of Salford, through Pendleton, and 
 other places therein mentioned, and several other roads therein mentioned, 
 for making and maintaining certain diversions or new lines of road to com- 
 municate therewith. May 26. 
 
 Owing to the great commercial distress, riots occurred in May. The mobs 
 attacked several factories, and an attempt was made to destroy by fire that of 
 Mr. Hugh Beever. So alarming was the state of affairs in Manchester that it 
 more than once occupied the attention of the Cabinet, and troops were marched 
 into the most unquiet districts. Several of the rioters were tried and convicted. 
 
 Mr. William Howe, auctioneer, generally known by the nickname of "Lord 
 Howe," died at Leamington, June 16. His popular designation was due to an 
 anecdote in circulation that he had accepted some public reference to the 
 famous admiral as intended for himself. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Dunstan, governor of New Bailey Prison, died July 7, aged 32, 
 and was succeeded by his brother, Mr. Richard Dunstan. 
 
 A general Swedenborgian Conference held in the Peter Street Chapel, 
 August 8-12. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Hall, of King Street, died August 9, aged 86. She was a 
 descendant of an ancient and honourable family of this town. 
 
 There was a trial in the Court of King's Bench between Sir Oswald Mosley, 
 the lord of the manor, and Mr. John Walker, a fishmonger, for an infraction 
 of the manorial rights. The lord claimed to be entitled to a market for the 
 sale of fish on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, and a right to oblige fish- 
 mongers within the manor to make sales of their wares within the market 
 and pay stallage. Verdict for the plaintiff, August 17. A rule nisi for a new 
 trial having been obtained, was discharged by the Court of King's Bench after 
 argument. {Mosley v. Walker, p. 7 ; Barnewall and CresswelVs Reports, p. 40.) 
 
 The foundation stone of St. George's Church, Hulme, was laid September 
 7^h. It was consecrated December 9, 1828. The erection of this church was by
 
 1827J Annals of Manchester. 173 
 
 a Parliamentary grant of £14,000, but the whole cost was £20,000. The ground 
 was presented by Wilbrahani Egerton, of Tatton. 
 
 Mr. David H. Parry, an artist of considerable local celebrity, died Sept. 15. 
 He was born at Manchester in 1793, and was one of the original projectors of 
 the Royal Institution. He bade fair to hold an exalted rank in his profession. 
 
 The Manchester Branch Bank of England was opened in King Street 
 September 26. 
 
 Henry Hardie, M.D., died October 6. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Whittingham Salmon died, at Nantwich, 15th October, in the 
 79th year of his age. He was for a time the amanuensis of Rev. John Clowes, 
 of St. John's Church. (Hindmarsh's Rise of the New Jerusalem Church, p. 66.) 
 He was the author of various works. 
 
 Mr. George Tomlinson, surgeon, died November 19, aged 62. He was a 
 well-known and extensive collector of books, &c, and works of art. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Proud died. He was the author of a Selection of Hymns, 1790. 
 In 1793 he was joint minister with Mr. Cowherd, of the Swedenborgian Temple, 
 Peter Street, but removed to London. In 1815 he was appointed, by the 
 Swedenborgian Conference at Manchester, as missionary minister. 
 
 The Welsh Independent Chapel in Gartside Street was openei. 
 
 Infant School, Saville Street, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, founded. This was 
 the second infant school in Manchester, and was established by the joint 
 liberality of persons of all denominations. 
 
 The suspension bridge near Broughton Ford opened. A toll was levied. 
 
 A bridge was erected over the Irk at Hunt's Bank. 
 
 Four large Wesleyan Methodist Chapels were opened in Manchester. The 
 accommodation thus provided was sufficient for 6,000 persons. The chapels 
 were in Oxford Street, Oldham Road, Ancoats, and Irwell Street, Salford. 
 
 The Independent Chapel, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, was opened. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Richardson, widow, died at the Mount, Dickenson Street. She 
 was said to be 101 years old. She was a native of Warrington, and was grand, 
 great-grand, and great-great-grand mother to 153 descendants. 
 
 Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Newton Heath, was built. 
 
 Independent Chapel, Rusholme Road, built. 
 
 1827. 
 
 Mr. James Touchett died January 1, aged 84. 
 
 The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Irwell Street, Salford, opened Jan. 30. 
 
 Rough Robin, the Manchester pugilist, died, February, at the age of 26. 
 He fought battles in the prize ring without a defeat. (Procter's Our Turf, 
 &c, p. 84.) 
 
 7 and 8 George IV., cap. 9. Act for more effectually repairing and main- 
 taining the road from Hulme across the river Irwell, through Salford to Eecles, 
 and a branch of road communicating therewith. March 21st. 
 
 7 and 8 George IV., cap. 21. Act for amending and enlarging the powers 
 and provisions of an Act relating to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. 
 April 12th. 
 
 7 and 8 George IV., cap. 68. Act for effectually repairing and otherwise
 
 174 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1827 
 
 improving the road from the end of Ardwick Green, near Manchester, to Hyde 
 Lane Bridge, in the county of Chester. May 28th. 
 
 7 and 8 George IV., cap. 9. Act to enable the trustees of the estates devised 
 by William Hulme, Esquire, to appropriate certain parts of the accumulated 
 funds arising from the said estates in the purchase of advowsons, and for 
 other purposes therein mentioned. May 28th. 
 
 Mr. James Ackers, of Lark Hill, Salford, died May 28, aged 71. 
 
 7 and 8 George IV., cap. 23. Act for enabling the trustees of the undivided 
 moiety late of John Leech, deceased, in certain land in the town of Manchester, 
 to concur with the parties entitled to the other moiety thereof in making 
 partition thereof, and to sell all or any part of the said land, in the said town 
 of Manchester, in consideration of perpetual chief rents, to be reserved, 
 issuing out of such, land. June 14th. 
 
 The Rev. John Haddon Hindley, M.A., librarian of Chetham's Library, 
 died at Clapham, 17th June. He was born at Manchester, October, 1765, and 
 translated the Odes of Hafiz from the Persian. (School Register, vol. i., p. 205.) 
 
 Samuel Crompton, the inventor of the self-acting mule, died in King Street, 
 Great Bolton, June 26th, at the age of 74. He was born at Hall-i'th'-Wood, 
 Bolton, and, after receiving a fair education, worked as a weaver in his mother's 
 house. He was a man of amiable character, with a tinge of mysticism, par- 
 ticularly fond of music — he was a good player on the violin — and not very well 
 adapted for the rough world with which he had to deal. His mechanical 
 genius led him to the invention of the mule. It was constructed with great 
 secrecy, and, after five years of toil, was in 1770 a success. It enabled him to 
 produce yarn of a quality that made him the object of an inquisitive persecu- 
 tion, which did not hesitate at espionage. He made his invention public on the 
 faith of promises which were ruthlessly broken. After many struggles and 
 discouragements he received a Parliamentary grant of £5,000 — a sum ludicrously 
 inadequate, when the wealth-producing nature of his invention is considered. 
 Crompton struggled on under depression and discouragement, whilst the 
 industry which he had benefitted grew with amazing rapidity. (G. J. French, 
 Life of Crompton ; Espinasse's Lancashire Worthies.) 
 
 Rev. John Hugh Worthington died at Leicester 4th July, at the early age 
 of 24. He had been chosen co-pastor with Rev. J. G. Robberds in July, 1825. 
 He was the betrothed of Harriet Martineau, and the causes why she did 
 not visit him during his last illness at Manchester and Leicester have 
 been variously stated. (See Harriet Martineau's Autobiography ; Mrs. Fen- 
 Avick Miller's Harriet Martineau, 1884 ; and a correspondence in the Daily 
 News of December, 1884, and January, 1S85.) In a letter, which appeared 30th 
 December, Dr. James Martineau gives a fine portraiture of Worthington. 
 
 The Salford and Pendleton Royal Dispensary, in Chapel Street, was opened 
 September 10. 
 
 The races at Heaton Park began, September 25. Until 1835 no professional 
 ^ockeys were allowed to take part. 
 
 Mr. Charles Wheeler died, September 26. He was born at Manchester, 1756, 
 and was the inaugural proprietor and editor of the Manchester Chronicle. 
 (Manch. Coll., vol. ii. p. 110.)
 
 1S28] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 175 
 
 Mr. Richard Thompson (late of Manchester), a magistrate and one of the 
 deputy-lieutenants of the county, died at Lancaster, November 29. 
 
 Maurice de Jongh, of Manchester, patented a self-acting mule. Dec. 4. 
 
 Mr. Nathan Jackson died, Dec. 17. He was for many years in the com- 
 missariat department under Sir Robert Kennedy, whom he accompanied with 
 the British army in Spain and France. He was brother to Messrs. R. and C. 
 Jackson, solicitors, of this town, and was descended from Dr. Cartwright, 
 Bishop of Chester. 
 
 The Botanical and Horticultural Society was established. 
 
 St. John's Charity and Sunday Schools, Gartside Street and St. John's 
 Place, were erected. 
 
 St. Matthew's Sunday School, Liverpool Road, was erected. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Ward died, aged 71. He was a son of Archdeacon Ward, and 
 tvas educated at the Grammar School and at Cambridge. He was Vicar of 
 Nester and Rector of Handley. 
 
 Rev. William Priestley died at Devizes. He was the son of Rev. Timothy 
 Priestley and nephew of Rev. Dr. Priestley. He was born at Manchester, 
 1768, and was Independent pastor at Fordingbridge. 
 
 On the death of the Rev. William Johnson, the first incumbent of St. 
 George's-in-the-Fields, Oldham Road, the Rev. James White, M.A., was 
 appointed. He was born at Nottingham in 1788, and was the younger brother 
 of Kirke White, the poet, whom he survived nearly eighty years. He remained 
 in Manchester until 1841, and interested himself in the promotion of Sunday 
 schools and infant schools. He was the originator, in 1831, of the Manchester 
 Clerical Book Club. He died at Sloley House, Scotton, Norfolk, in March, 1885. 
 
 1828. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Gleave, printer, bookseller, and periodical publisher, died 
 February 16, aged 55. 
 
 A new vessel, the " Emma," was launched, in the presence of a large crowd 
 and amidst great rejoicings, at the New Quay Company's Docks, Feb. 28. Some 
 hundreds out of curiosity had gone on board, but the vessel had hardly touched 
 the river when she swamped, and they were all thrown into the river. About 
 forty were drowned and many more injured. (Procter's Byegone Manchester). 
 
 9 George IV., cap. 7. Act to enable the Company of Proprietors of the 
 Liverpool and Manchester Railway to alter the line of the said railway, and 
 for amending and enlarging the powers and provisions of the several Acts 
 relating thereto. March 26th. 
 
 The Infant School in Bombay Street, Salford, was opened April 7. 
 
 Mr. Charles Knight visited Manchester in the interests of the Society for 
 the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. In his Passages of a Working Life he 
 says : "It was not an inviting place for a stranger to wander about in, but I 
 soon found willing guides and cordial friends. It was not always very easy to 
 interest the busy millowners in the objects for which I came amongst them. 
 Some were too absorbed in their ledgers to hear long explanations ; others 
 were wholly indifferent to matters which had no relation to the business of 
 their lives. I persevered, and, chiefly by the exertions of a very earnest 
 man, Mr. George William Wood, a local association was formed, on
 
 176 Annals of Manchester. ti828 
 
 the 6th of June, of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge." Mr. 
 Knight visited Manchester several times in subsequent years. 
 
 Mr. John Farris died July 4, aged 74. He was formerly a sergeant- 
 major of the 72nd (Manchester) Regiment, and lost a leg at the siege of 
 Gibraltar. 
 
 9 George IV., cap. 117. Act to amend several Acts for cleansing, lighting, 
 watching, improving, and regulating the towns of Manchester and Salford 
 July 15th. 
 
 One of the arches of a bridge— Hanging Bridge— discovered in the course 
 3f excavations. It had been concealed for an unknown period. July. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Smethurst, formerly deputy-constable of Salford, died Aug. 9. 
 
 Mr. William Leonard Kilbie died August 10. He was one of the Man- 
 chester beadles, and had served as a dragoon in the battles of Corunna and 
 "Waterloo. 
 
 A grand musical festival and fancy dress ball was held. It began 7th 
 October and lasted for a week. The proceeds (£5,000) were devoted to the 
 public charities. The festival was held in the nave of the Collegiate Church, 
 and the evening concerts in the Theatre Royal, Fountain Street. 
 
 The Manchester Times, No. 1, Saturday, October 17, printed and published 
 by Archibald Prentice. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Advertiser, No. 1, Saturday, November 15. 
 
 St. George's, the mother church of Hulme, was consecrated December 9, 
 by Dr. J. B. Sumner, Bishop of Chester. The architect was Mr. Goodwin. 
 
 A new Fish Market was opened December 22. It was built upon the site of 
 the old butchers' shambles. 
 
 Mr. C. A. Cowdroy died at Sandbach, in the county of Chester, December 
 28th. He was formerly one of the proprietors of the Manchester Courier, which 
 began in 1817. 
 
 At the Spring Assizes at Lancaster, judgment was given in a tithe case 
 pending between the warden and fellows of the Collegiate Church and their 
 lessee, Mr. Joule, they claiming tithe in kind on hay, milk, potatoes, the 
 agistment of ley cattle, gardens, &c. It was decided that the parishioners 
 were liable to all these demands, except the tithe in kind on gardens, orchards, 
 poultry, &c. 
 
 All Saints' Sunday School, Clarendon Street, was built by subscription. 
 
 The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel in Harpurhey was built. 
 
 Mr. Francis Marcellus Hodson died, aged 66. He was for a time minister 
 of the Swedenborgian church in Peter Street. At another period he 
 was in the habit of riding from Manchester to Accrington to conduct the 
 Sunday services there, and from his text at the opening of the chapel (Deut. 
 xxii. 6) he was known as the " Bird's-Nest Fellow." He had a chapel in 
 Ancoats, and for their use compiled a volume of hymns. He left Manchester 
 for Hull, where he preached at the Dagger Lane Chapel, but returned to his 
 native home to die. He was the author of the Encyclopaedia Mancuniensis. 
 
 The Cannon Street Congregational Chapel rebuilt at a cost of £1,800. (See 
 under date 1861, September 12.) 
 
 The Bank of Manchester in Market Street was opened.
 
 1829] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 177 
 
 The declared value of all the cotton goods exported from Great Britain was 
 £36,824,270. 
 
 The Manchester Improvement Committee was formed. By this body a 
 great number of alterations, more or less extensive, were effected. 
 
 There were 8,000 looms for silk and 4,000 for mixed goods at work in and 
 about Manchester. 
 
 St. Philip's Church, Broken Bank, Salford, was, by authority of the Eccle- 
 siastical Commissioners, constituted a district parish church, 
 
 1829. 
 
 Miss Frances Hall, of King Street, died January 4, in her 84th year. This 
 venerable lady was the last survivor of a family which, for more than a century, 
 had been distinguished in this town. At the period of 1745 the family took an 
 active part on the side of Charles Edward ; and he presented them with an 
 original portrait of his father, painted by Belle, the French artist, and which 
 was disposed of, along with other curious Jacobite relics, on the death of this 
 lady. She left the following munificent bequests, viz., to the Manchester 
 Infirmary, £11,000; House of Recovery, £11,000; Lying-in-Hospital, £11,000, 
 and the Ladies' Jubilee School, £11,000. She is commemorated by an elegant 
 monument in Byrom's Chapel of the Collegiate Church, erected in 1834. 
 
 Mr. John Leigh Bradbury, calico printer, died January 4. He was the 
 author of several very useful inventions, among which was a mode of printing 
 calicoes both sides alike, another for silk-throwing, and another for the manu- 
 facture of pins. 
 
 The Ardwick and Ancoats Dispensary was opened in January. 
 Mrs. Martha Wright, relict of Mr. Thomas Wright, and last surviving 
 member of an ancient family resident in Broughton, died February 26, aged 82 
 She left several large sums of money to various local charities. 
 
 The New Mechanics' Institution, Brazennose Street, commenced March 25. 
 
 Mr. Dauntesy Hulme died April 27, aged 85. He was remarkable for his 
 
 extensive contributions to the various charities of the town. During his life 
 
 he presented the sum of £10,000 to the Infirmary, and at his death another 
 
 £10,000. 
 
 The Manchester and Liverpool District Bank was established in Spring 
 Gardens, April 30. 
 
 Serious riots, through commercial distress, May 5. The weaving factories 
 of Mr. T. Harbottle, Messrs. Twiss, and Mr. Jas. Guest, were attacked, and their 
 contents entirely destroyed ; that of Messrs. Parker was burnt down. Many 
 provision shops were forcibly entered on the same day. 
 
 A deputation from Manchester, Liverpool, Glasgow, and other towns had 
 an interview with the Duke of Wellington and other Ministers for the purpose 
 of advocating free trade to India and China. May 9. 
 
 10 George IV., cap. 35. Act for enabling the Liverpool and Manchester 
 Railway Company to make an alteration in the line of the said railway, and 
 for amending and enlarging the powers and provisions of the several Acts 
 relating thereto. May 14th. 
 
 10 George IV., cap. 114. Act for more effectually repairing and otherwise 
 M
 
 178 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1829 
 
 improving the roads from Hurdlow House, in the county of Derby, to Man- 
 chester, and other roads therein mentioned. June 1st. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Holland, schoolmaster, died June 12. He was born at Man. 
 Chester, 29th October, 1760, and was joint author with his brother, the Rev. 
 John Holland of Exercises for the Memory and Understanding, 1798. 
 (Monthly Repository, 1829, p. 721.) 
 
 Mr. William Rowlinson, aged 22, was drowned in the Thames, June 22. He 
 was a young man of considerable promise, as is shown by various contributions 
 which he made to The Phoenix and other Manchester journals. One of his 
 pieces, Sir Gualter, is reprinted in Procter's Literary Reminiscences (p. 103). 
 At the time of his death Rowlinson was employed by Messrs. Pigott to collect, 
 material for their directories. He is buried in Bisham Churchyard, Berkshire. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Wood, editor of the Manchester and Salford Advertiser, 
 died August 3. 
 
 Mr. Gavin Hamilton, one of the surgeons of the Infirmary, died August 25, 
 aged 74. His wife was Miss Ward, daughter of T. A. Ward, of the Theatre 
 Royal. 
 
 There were high floods in the Irwell, August 27. 
 
 St. Andrew's Church, Travis Street, Ancoats, was founded September 14, 
 and consecrated October 6, 1831. It was erected by the Church Building Com- 
 missioners at an expense of £14,000. 
 
 Charlestown (Pendleton) Independent Sunday School commenced in a 
 cottage in Ashton Street. September. 
 
 A dinner was given to Mr. Robert Peel in Manchester. There were 500 
 persons present. October 6. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Stott, a native of this town, and formerly captain of the 29th 
 Foot, died at Quebec, October 29, aged 62. 
 
 Mr. Richard Hartley, of Salford, died 22nd November. He was a well- 
 known change-ringer, and was commonly known as Major Hartley. 
 
 Mr. David Bannerman, Mosley Street, died, December 1. 
 
 Colonel John Ferriar died of dysentery at Pasto, near Carthagena, 
 Columbia. He was a son of Dr. John Ferriar, and on the deach of his brother, 
 Colonel Thomas Ilderton Ferriar, after the battle of Carabobo, succeeded to 
 the command of the British Legion. When his old leader, Paez, headed a 
 revolt against Bolivar, the men under Ferriar's command remained faithful by 
 his influence. He had the decoration of the Orden del Libertador, and at the 
 time of his death was military governor of the province of Coro. (Axon's 
 Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 
 The Manchester Phrenological Society was instituted in Faulkner Street. 
 
 An Act (9 George IV., cap. 117) recites that "whereas the said towns of 
 Manchester and Salford are respectively very large and populous, and form two 
 townships separate and distinct from each other in all matters of local arrange- 
 ment ; and soon after the passing of the first recited Act (32 Geo. III.) the com- 
 missioners thereby appointed divided, and formed two distinct bodies, and 
 from that time have so continued to act and to put the first recited Act in 
 force for each town separately and respectively, and the rates authorised by 
 the said first recited Act to be assessed and raised have been and now are
 
 1830] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 179 
 
 raised by separate and distinct assessments within each of the said towns, and 
 applied exclusively to the uses of the town in which they were and are 
 respectively assessed and raised ; and whereas the said towns of Manchester 
 and Salford, and more particularly the former, having greatly increased since 
 the passing of the said first recited Act, and being still increasing in trade, 
 population, and extent of buildings, cannot conveniently be regulated by one 
 body of commissioners acting separately as aforesaid." The police of the town 
 Avas therefore divided, and persons qualified as prescribed by the 32nd Geo. III. 
 were constituted commissioners for executing that Act in Salford alone, by 
 the name of " the commissioners for better cleansing, lighting, watching, and 
 regulating the town of Salford." At the same time the constitution of the 
 Manchester body was remodelled. 
 
 1830. 
 
 Rev. William Roby died at Manchester, January 11. He was born at 
 Wigan, March 23, 1766. He was a man of great distinction amongst the Con- 
 gregationalists, and was the author of Lectures on Revealed Religion; and 
 various sermons and pamphlets. (McAll's Funeral Serinon and Memoir, 183S). 
 
 Mr. J. C. Dyer effected considerable improvements in the method of roving. 
 His method was patented February 27. 
 
 Mr. Matthew Mason, for 23 years governor of Manchester Workhouse, died 
 March 11. 
 
 11 George IV. cap. 8. Act for better cleansing, lighting, watching, regula- 
 ting, and improving the town of Salford. March 19. 
 
 Mr. Robert Barnard died, March 21. He was of Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, 
 and afterwards of Manchester. He was author of The Leisure Hour Improved, 
 1809 ; Memoirs of Francis, commonly called St. Francis, de Sales, 1814 ; and 
 of A Wreath from the Wilderness, 1816. (Smith's Friends' Books.) 
 
 11 George IV. and 1 William IV. cap. 23. Act for more effectually repairing 
 and improving the road from Chorlton Row, near Manchester, to the bridge at 
 the cornmills at Wilmslow. April 8. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Nelson, the manager of Mr. Baines's improvements at Chat 
 Moss, and the first successful improver of that waste, died there, April 14, 
 aged 84. 
 
 Twelve persons were drowned near the railway bridge, in the Irwell, by 
 the upsetting of a boat. April 24. 
 
 Mr. Francis Woodiwis, currier, of Fennel Street, died May 1, aged 72. He 
 was a man of penurious habits, by which he amassed a fortune of nearly 
 £100,000. 
 
 A Temperance Society formed 12th May, with a pledge against the use of 
 ardent spirits. (WinskuTs Tempt ranee Rejormation, p. 23.) 
 
 Mr. Charles Robinson was found shot in Oxford Road, May 20, on his 
 returning home from Manchester. The murderer was never detected, but 
 it was regarded as a trade outrage. 
 
 The foundation stone of Christ Church, Acton Square, Salford, was laid 
 May 28 ; consecrated November, 1831. The first rector was the Rev. Hugh 
 Stowell, M.A.
 
 180 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1830 
 
 11 George IV. cap. 47. Act to amend several Acts for supplying the town of 
 . Manchester with gas, and for regulating and improving the same town. May 29. 
 
 The first Co-operative Congress was held in May. 
 
 Mr. Foster Ellis, of Hulme, died June 5, aged 85. He was forty years in the 
 army, having entered the service in 1775, and was orderly to General Elliot at 
 the siege of Gibraltar. 
 
 The first Sir Robert Peel, Bart., though not connected by birth with the 
 town of Manchester, claims notice as one of the most active, intelligent, and 
 successful merchants who frequented her markets, and where, in 1788, he 
 carried on the business of a banker. He was born at Peel Fold, near Black- 
 burn, April 25, 1750, and died at Drayton Manor, in Staffordshire, June 8, 1830, 
 having accumulated by integrity and industry upwards of two millions ster- 
 ling. His eldest son, the late Sir Robert Peel, was born at Chamber Hall, 
 Bury, in 1788. Sir Robert Peel procured the patronage of the king for the 
 Manchester Infirmary, and since that period it has been called the Royal 
 Infirmary. Sir Robert Peel left to the Infirmary and Lunatic Asylum in Man- 
 chester, and to the Lying-in Hospital of Salford, £100 each. 
 
 Mr. Richard Roberts invented an improvement in the self-acting mule for 
 the spinning of cotton, which was patented July 1. 
 
 Mr. Edward Hobson, of this town, died at Bowdon, September 7. Mr. 
 Hobson, though in humble life, had, by perseverance, aided by good natural 
 talents, become a thoroughly skilful botanist, mineralogist, geologist, and 
 entomologist. His Musci Britannici (of which, from the nature and extent 
 of the work, a very few copies were issued) stands a recognised monument 
 of his soundness in that particular and intricate portion of the science of 
 botany, as the general reference made to the work by Sir W. J. Hooker and 
 Dr. Taylor will testify. Upon other subjects of natural history he was in cor- 
 respondence with many eminent authors, and his investigations and opinions 
 were much respected. 
 
 Rev. Charles Wickstead Ethelstone, M. A., died at Crumpsall, September 14. 
 He was born at Manchester 24th March, 1767, and was Fellow of the Collegiate 
 Church and incumbent of St. Mark's, Cheetham Hill. He wrote The Suicide, 
 and other Poems. (Manchester School Register, vol. ii., p. 4.) 
 
 The Manchester and Liverpool Railway was opened September 15, in the 
 presence of the Duke of Wellington, attended by a great number of nobility 
 and gentry, and amidst the loud greetings of many thousands of spectators. 
 The Right Hon. William Huskisson was unfortunately killed atParkside, near 
 Newton-le-Willows, which threw a gloom over the festivities of the day. The 
 cost of the whole undertaking, up to June, 1830, was £820,000. There is a 
 graphic account of the opening day in Fanny Kemble's Records, and another in 
 F. H. Grundy's Pictures of the Past. The engineering details are given in 
 Smiles's Life of George Stephenson. 
 
 St. Thomas's Church, Pendleton, founded September 23, and consecrated 
 October 7, 1831. 
 
 Chorlton-upon-Medlock Town Hall, Grosvenor Square, was commenced 
 October 13, and finished October 13, 1831. 
 
 Mr. Isaac Blackburne, distributor of stamps, and brother to Mr. John 
 Blackburne, M.P., of Hale, died December 17, aged 72.
 
 1831 j Annals of Manchester. 181 
 
 Harrop's Manchester Mercury, which commenced March 3, 1752, expired 
 December 28, after an existence of 79 years. 
 
 "The Associate was a small Manchester newspaper of the 1830 period, the 
 prettiest named and best printed and most varied in its contents of any paper 
 of that species." (Holyoake's History of Co-operation, vol. ii., p. 14.) 
 
 The Sunday School in connection with Charlestown Independent Chapel 
 opened in Shemwell Street. 
 
 St. Thomas's Sunday Schools, Ardwick, built. 
 
 The Manchester Gentlemen's Glee Club established. 
 
 United Trades Co-operative Journal published. (Holyoake's History of 
 Co-operation, vol. i., p. 151.) 
 
 There was a co-operative scheme projected for the cultivation of Chat Moss. 
 {Ibid, p. 155.) 
 
 The Foreign Library was founded. 
 
 The duty on printed cottons was reduced. 
 
 The number of yards of goods printed in Great Britain was 130,053,520 ; the 
 amount of capital in the trade was estimated at £56,000,000, employing 330,400 
 persons in factories alone. 
 
 1831. 
 
 The Voice of the People, No. 1, January 1, was printed by John Hampson. 
 
 The year opened with great apprehensions of a turn-out of the factory 
 operatives, but although thirty thousand were on strike in the Ashton district 
 the example was not followed in Manchester. A great sensation was caused 
 by the murder of Mr. Thomas Ashton, of Werneth, who was found, January 3, 
 dead by the roadside, having been shot through the breast. The murderers 
 were not detected for three years, when one of them turned king's evidence, 
 and it was then found to be a trade outrage. Three men had been hired tc 
 shoot him, and received £10 for doing the deed. The motive was not private 
 vengeance, for Mr. Ashton was an amiable young man, but a desire to intimidate 
 the masters generally. The trial took place at the autumn assizes, Chester, 
 1834, and two men were sentenced to be hung, but owing to a dispute between 
 the sheriffs of the city and of the county the execution was delayed. The two 
 men were eventually hung in London some months later. 
 
 Petitions for representatives in Parliament adopted January 20. 
 
 Mr. Louis Schwabe obtained a patent for certain processes and apparatus 
 for preparing and beaming yarns of cotton, linen, &c, so that any design, 
 device, &c, may be preserved when woven into cloth. January -!_'. 
 
 Mr. William Massey, eldest son of the late Mr. John Massey, of this town, 
 died at Tunis, February 27. He was a young man of considerable talent as a 
 linguist. 
 
 1 William IV. cap. 7. Act for more effectually maintaining the road from 
 Crossford Bridge to the town of Manchester, and for making a branch road to 
 communicate therewith. March 11. 
 
 The body of Moses Ferneley, who was executed at Lancaster for the 
 murder of his stepson at Hulme, was sent to the Manchester Infirmary for dis- 
 section, March 14.
 
 182 Annals of Manchester. 1831 
 
 Ashton Worrall and William Worrall were executed, at Lancaster for the 
 murder of Sarah M'Lellon, at Failsworth, March 14. 
 
 1 William IV. cap. 16. Act to authorise the raising of further monies foi 
 supplying the town of Manchester with gas. March 15. 
 
 The Bazaar in Deansgate was erected, and opened March 22. It was pulled 
 down in 1872 to make way for the Deansgate improvements ; and upon the 
 site fine shops have been erected, now (1886) in the occupation of Messrs. 
 Kendal, Milne, and Co. 
 
 Hulme Dispensary was established, March 28. 
 
 The first concert of the Manchester Choral Society was held in the Exchange 
 dining-room, March 30. 
 
 Rev. James Gatlifl" died at Gorton, and was buried in the chancel of Gorton 
 Chapel, April 30. He was born at Manchester about 1763, and edited Wogan's 
 Essays on the Proper Lessons in the Liturgy of the Church of England, with 
 a Life of Wogan, third edition, 1817, 4 vols. {Manchester School Register, i. 184.) 
 
 Ram Mohun Roy visited Manchester, and was shown through various 
 establishments, April 13. 
 
 1 WillTam IV. cap. 51. Act for amending and enlarging the powers and 
 provisions of the several Acts relating to the Liverpool and Manchester 
 Railway. April 22. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Heywood, of Manchester, returned as one of the representa- 
 tives of the county, May 10. 
 
 The Rev. John Clowes, M.A., died May 28, at Leamington, in his 88th year. 
 He was for sixty -two years rector of St. John's Church. Born on the 31st 
 October, 1743, he was the fourth son of Mr. Joseph Clowes, barrister, and was 
 educated at the Free Grammar School, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, 
 where he was highly distinguished as a classical scholar, and became a fellow 
 of the college. He was the first rector of St. John's, and refused more than 
 one offer of high preferment in the Church. In the spring of 1773 he became 
 acquainted with the theological writings of Baron Emanuel Swedenborg, 
 and from that time he dedicated all the energies of his powerful mind to the 
 publication of those doctrines, both in the pulpit and by the press. During the 
 Latter part of his life he resided principally at Warwick. A full list of his 
 writings would contain about two hundred entries. He has left an interesting 
 autobiography, and a life of him by Mr. Theodore Crompton has also been 
 published. Some interesting references to Mr. Clowes will be found in Hind- 
 marsh's Rise and Progress of the New Jerusalem Church. There is a memorial 
 of him by Flaxman in St. John's Church. 
 
 A Socialist Congress was held in May for the purpose of establishing a 
 community. 
 
 A dinner given to Mr. John Wilson Patten and Lord Stanley, the repre- 
 sentatives of the county, at the Exchange Room, June 17. 
 
 The Botanical and Horticultural Gardens, Old Traffbrd, opened June 21. 
 They cover a space of sixteen acres in extent. 
 
 The payment from the gas profits to the Improvement Committee was 
 £6,908 15s. 2d. June. 
 
 Robert Bowker, who had been confined for many weeks in the New Bailey, 
 on a charge of feloniously making use of money, to the extent of several thou-
 
 18311 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 183 
 
 sand pounds, belonging to the churchwardens, was discharged on bail amount- 
 ing to the sum of £800. June. 
 
 The Rev. W. Huntington succeeded, in June, to the rectory of St. John's, 
 upon the death of the Rev. John Clowes. 
 
 Mr. Richard Bradley died at Bradford Colliery, July 6, aged 95. He was 
 born at Stoneyhurst, and at the age of fifteen he came to Manchester, where 
 he was taught to weave on the Dutch loom. He resided under the same roof 
 and was in the same employ for seventy-one years. 
 
 A Medical Vapour Bath Institution was opened July 28. 
 
 Robert Bradbury, a celebrated clown, died July 28. He was originally a 
 cabinet-maker at Liverpool, and, under the management of Mr. Riley, the 
 author of The Itinerant, then the lessee of the Liverpool Theatre, made his 
 debut as clown. He was possessed of prodigious strength, and some of his 
 feats were more calculated to terrify than amuse his auditors. 
 
 Mr. Nathaniel George Phillips, eldest son of Mr. John Leigh Phillips, of 
 Mayfield, died August 1, at Childwall, near Liverpool. Mr. Phillips 
 was an amateur artist of great taste and skill ; he executed a consider- 
 able number of etchings, consisting principally of views of old halls, &c, in 
 Lancashire and Cheshire, as well as many miscellaneous subjects. 
 
 Messrs. Fairbairn and Lill ie's foundry and millwright establishment burnt 
 down, August 6. The damage was estimated at £8,000. 
 
 Lord Hill, Commander-in-Chief, reviewed upon Kersal Moor the various 
 troops stationed in this district, amounting to upwards of 3,000 men. He was 
 accompanied by Generals Sir H. Bouverie, Macdonald, and Sir Willoughby 
 Gordon. August 11. 
 
 1 and 2 William IV. cap. 59. Act for making a railway from Manchester 
 to Sheffield. August 23. 
 
 1 and 2 William IV. cap; 60. Act to enable the Company of Proprietors of 
 the Canal Navigation from Manchester to Bolton and to Bury to make and 
 maintain a railway from Manchester to Bolton and to Bury upon or near the 
 line of the said canal navigation, and to make and maintain a collateral branch 
 to communicate therewith. August 23. 
 
 The coronation of William IV. was celebrated by a procession of the various 
 trades, and the Sunday school children of all denominations, amounting to 
 upwards of 30,000. In the evening there were displays of fireworks. The day 
 was rather unfavourable. September 8. 
 
 St. Andrew's Church, Travis Street, was consecrated October 6. 
 
 The Chorlton-upon-Medlock Dispensary opened, October 13. 
 
 Mr. Robert Southey came to the town in October on a visit to the Rev. 
 James White, brother of Kirke White, then at St. George's Church, Oldham 
 Road. On this occasion he made the acquaintance of Mr. Charles Swain, with 
 whose poems and individuality he was " much pleased." 
 
 Mr. Ralph Wright, of Flixton, died November 16, aged 80. He was the 
 senior magistrate of this division. His attempt to close up an ancient footpath 
 led to considerable litigation, and was the immediate cause of the formation of 
 the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Footpaths. (Prentice's Manchester, 
 pp. 290 and 292.). 
 
 Mr. Jacob Chatterton, of the Wool pack public-house, Pendleton, died
 
 184 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1832 
 
 November 25. He was the first individual interred in the new burial-ground 
 attached to St. Thomas's Church. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Dean died at Shrewsbury, Dec. 13, aged 76. He was one of 
 the celebrated Manchester Volunteers, or 72nd, which distinguished itself at 
 Gibraltar. 
 
 Christ Church, Salford, was consecrated. It was enlarged in 1847. 
 
 Christ Church Sunday School, Hulme Street, was erected. 
 
 A turn-out of spinners, occasioned by low wages and a scarcity of provisions. 
 
 The Lancashire Co-operator, or Useful Classes Advocate. The editor was 
 Mr. E. T. Craig, but the periodical did not live long. (Holyoake's History of 
 Co-operation, vol. i., p. 180.) The title was altered to Lancashire and York- 
 shire Co-operator. 
 
 Mr. L. Harris was appointed singing-master at the Collegiate Church. 
 
 The suspension bridge at Broughton gave way at the time the 60th Rifle 
 Corps were passing over it, forty or fifty of whom were precipitated into the 
 river. No lives were lost, but six of the men were very seriously hurt. 
 
 The Cemetery in Irwell Street, Salford, was opened. 
 
 The Concert Hall, Peter Street, was opened. 
 
 Toll Lane, leading from Deansgate into St. Ann's Square, widened. 
 
 The Rothesay Castle steamer was lost on Dutchman's Bank, near Great 
 Orme's Head, on her passage from Liverpool to Beaumaris, and out of 105 
 persons only 21 were saved. Many families in this town and neighbourhood 
 had to mourn the loss of their relatives. 
 
 Jonathan Dade and Isaac Holland were apprehended for forging Bank of 
 England notes. They were two of an extensive gang that had been carrying 
 on operations for years. 
 
 The population of Manchester, including Ardwick, Cheetham, Chorlton, 
 and Hulme, at the fourth census was 181,768. The population of Salford, 
 including Broughton, 42,375. 
 
 The Scotch Presbyterian Church founded in St. Peter's Square. 
 
 1832, 
 
 Messrs. Tatlock and Love's factory, in Spear Street, was burnt down, 
 January 2. The damage was estimated at £8,000. 
 
 Messrs. Broadhurst, Curran, Ashmore, and Gilchrist apprehended for 
 holding political meetings on the "Sabbath-day," January 3. They were sen- 
 tenced to twelve months' imprisonment in Lancaster Castle. 
 
 Mr. Henry Liverseege, painter, died January 13, aged 29. He was born in 
 Manchester in 1803. At a very early age he showed an extraordinary love for 
 art. His designs at eleven or twelve years of age were indeed surprising. Had 
 his life been prolonged, there is no doubt but that he would have risen to the 
 highest rank in his profession. A volume of engravings after his paintings 
 appeared in 1832, and this was republished in 1875, with a life by his friend and 
 pupil, Mr. George Richardson. Liverseege is buried at St. Luke's, Chorlton- 
 upon-Medlock, where there is a memorial tablet. 
 
 Mr. James Finley, stonemason, died January 25. He was the operative 
 builder of the railway bridge over the Irwell.
 
 1832) 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 185 
 
 Mr. Thomas C. Hewes, an eminent mechanic, died January 25. 
 Messrs. Bancks and Co. published a large plan of Manchester and Salford, 
 January. 
 
 Mr. Charles Hughes, one of the Manchester 72nd Regiment, under General 
 Elliot, at the siege of Gibraltar, died February 15, aged 77. 
 
 St. Patrick's Catholic Chapel, Oldham Road, was opened February 29. 
 Mr. Goodier and six of his workmen killed by the explosion of a steam 
 boiler, in Pool Fold, March 23. 
 
 2 and 3 William IV. cap. 28. Act for effectually repairing and improving 
 the roads leading from Barton Bridge into the Manchester and Altrincham 
 turnpike road. April 3. 
 
 2 William IV. cap. 36. Act for widening and improving a part of London 
 Road, in the parish of Manchester, and also for effecting improvements in the 
 streets and other places within the town of Manchester. April 9. 
 
 St. George's Sunday School, Oldham Road, was erected. The first stone 
 was laid April 23. 
 
 Mr. James Down, surgeon, late of Leicester, died at Kersal Lodge, May 2. 
 He was the inventor and patentee of a valuable method of purifying gas. 
 
 A meeting of 50,000 persons was held on St. Peter's Field, to obtain the 
 restoration of the Grey administration, May 14. 
 
 The district suffered from a visitation of Asiatic cholera. On May 17 a 
 man named James Palfreyman, living in Somerset Street, Dalefleld, was seized 
 with symptoms of malignant cholera. The case was reported to the Board of 
 Health. The cholera spread to various other Lancashire towns. In Manchester 
 its ravages were chiefly confined to the district of Angel Meadow, Deansgate, 
 Portland Street, Little Ireland, and Bank Top. The deaths from cholera in 
 1831-3 in Manchester were 674 ; in Salford, 216 ; in Chorlton, 34. The services 
 of the medical profession were freely rendered in checking the disease, but the 
 prejudices of the people were strongly against them, and an attack was made 
 September 3 on the Swan Street Hospital, when the head of a boy, severed from 
 the body, probably in the course of a post-mortem, was exhibited by his 
 infuriated relatives. 
 
 2 and 3 William IV. cap. 46. Act for enabling the Liverpool and 
 Manchester Railway Company to make a branch railway, and for amending and 
 enlarging the powers and provisions of the several Acts relating to such 
 railway. May 23. 
 
 The Rev. J. H. Mallory, M.A., rector of Mobberley, and one of the fellows 
 of the Collegiate Church, died May 25. 
 
 The Kersal Moor Races of Whitweek this year are graphically described 
 in Procter's Our Turf, &c. 
 
 By the passing of the Reform Bill, June 7,;Manchester became entitled to 
 two representatives and Salford to one. 
 
 By an Act (2 William IV. cap. 90) passed June 23, for "improving ami 
 regulating" the township of Chorlton (which bears a close resemblance in all 
 its main features as to paving, watching, soughing, &c, to the Acts affecting 
 Manchester), the said township is hereafter to bear the new designation of 
 " Chorlton-upon-Medlock." 
 
 Mr. John Milne, coroner for this district, died June 28.
 
 186 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1832 
 
 2 and 3 William IV. cap. 69. Act to enable the Company of Proprietors of 
 the Manchester, Bolton, and Bury Canal Navigation and Railway to alter some 
 parts of the said canal navigation, to alter and amend the line of the said 
 railway, to make further collateral branches thereto, and for amending the 
 powers and provisions of the Act relating to the said canal and railway. June 1. 
 Mr. John Bradshaw, watchmaker, Deansgate, died July 3, aged 67. 
 Mr. Edward Brown, one of the celebrated Manchester Volunteers at the 
 siege of Gibraltar, died at Stand, July 24, aged 74. 
 
 The organ at St. Andrew's Church, Travis Street, built by Renn, was 
 opened July 29. 
 
 The first number of a satirical paper called the Squib published in July. 
 The passing of the Reform Bill, and the enfranchisement of Manchestei 
 and Salford, was celebrated by a magnificent procession of the authorities, 
 trade societies, &c, August 9. Mr. Charles Green ascended in a balloon. 
 
 The Rev. Adam Clarke, D.D., died August 26, at London. He was born at 
 Moybeg, Londonderry, and having joined the Methodist body, was in 1791-92 
 appointed to the Manchester circuit, and in conjunction with Samuel Bradburn 
 instituted in that year the Strangers' Friend Society. We learn that at this 
 time there was at least one student of alchemy in the town with whom Hand, 
 of Dublin, a noted adept, desired the doctor to put him in communication. The 
 people were somewhat boisterous in their devotion. "I can do," he says "with 
 the Liverpool ' Amens,' but at Manchester they are like cart wheels among 
 watch works." He was appointed to Manchester again in 1803, and formed the 
 Philological Society, of which he was president. Several of his communications 
 to this association are printed in his works. In 1805 he became superintendent 
 of the London circuit. In 1815 he settled at Nullbrook, near Liverpool, but fre- 
 quently visited Manchester. There are many matters of local interest men- 
 tioned in Everett's Adam Clarke Portrayed. Dr. Clarke's father is buried at 
 St. Thomas's, Ardwick. 
 
 Mr. W. S. Rutter elected to the coronership of this district, August. 
 Mr. William Ford died at Liverpool, Oct. 3. He was born in Manchester in 
 1771, and was intended for the medical profession, but became a bookseller, for 
 which his unrivalled bibliographical knowledge specially fitted him. His cata- 
 logues are still highly prized by collectors. He was one of the contributors to 
 Bibliographiana. There are notes of him in the Manchester Grammar 
 School Register, and Earwaker's Local Gleanings, Nos. 90, 111, 144. 
 
 Rev. Richard Jones died November 22, in the 62nd year of his age. He was 
 minister of the Swedenborgian Temple, Peter Street, for nearly thirty years, 
 and rendered his services gratuitously. (Hindmarsh's Rise of New Jerusalem 
 Church, pp. 215, 436.) He was the author of a Friendly Address to the 
 Receivers of the Doctrines of the New Jerusalem Church (Manchester, 
 1805), and wrote under the signature of "Discipulus" in the Intellectual 
 Repository. 
 
 The first number of a satirical paper called the Bullock Smithy Gazette 
 published, November 24. 
 
 The first election for the borough of Manchester took place December 13 
 and 14. The following were the numbers at the close of the poll : Mr. Mark 
 Philips, 2,923 ; Right Hon. C. P. Thomson, 2,068 ; Mr. Samuel Jones Loyd, 1,832 ;
 
 1333] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 187 
 
 Mr. John Thomas Hope, 1,560 ; Mr. William Cobbett, 1,305. The expenses of 
 the election were £729 2s. 6d. 
 
 The first election for the borough of Salford took place December 
 13 and 14. The numbers at the close of the poll were : Mr. Joseph 
 Brotherton, 712 ; Mr. Wm. Garnett, 518. The expenses of the election were 
 '250 15s. 6d. 
 
 Mr. J. T. Hope was entertained at a public dinner in the Theatre Royal, 
 ecember 24. It was attended by 730 gentlemen. 
 
 A public dinner was held at the Theatre Royal, to celebrate the return of 
 r. Mark Philips and the Right Hon. Charles P. Thomson, as the two first 
 presentatives of Manchester, December 27. 
 
 The total number of children attending the day schools in Manchester and 
 lford in the month of December was 17,000. 
 By the Reform Act, Lancashire was divided into North and South, each 
 urning two representatives. 
 Gasworks at Holt Town erected. 
 
 Todd Street, or Toad Lane, improved at a cost of £1,401 16s. 
 The revenue of the Post Office in Manchester was £53,510 8s. 4d. 
 The inhabitants of Salford decided to purchase Mr. Appleton's gasworks, 
 hich he offered for £6,000. 
 The froi t of the Infirmary was cased with stone. 
 The Baptist Chapel, George Street, was opened. 
 
 There were from 12,000 to 14,000 looms, and ten throwing mills, giving 
 employment to about 3,000 hands. 
 
 The number of mills at work in Manchester and adjoining townships 
 was: Silk mills, 16; cotton mills, 96; woollen or worsted mills, 4; flax 
 mills, 2. 
 
 A new throstle frame was invented by Mr. Robert Montgomery, of John- 
 ston, Scotl md. 
 
 The duty on cotton produced £600,000. 
 
 The Poor Man's Advocate and the Peoples Library were both published 
 in Manchester, and edited by Mr. John Doherty, of whom there is a slight 
 notice in Johnson's Manchester Catalogue. 
 
 1833. 
 
 Mr. Robert Stephenson, of Worsley, died January 17, aged 79. He was one 
 of the gallant 72nd Regiment at Gibraltar, and was the first man who struck 
 his pick into the rock as a miner. 
 
 The Scotch Kirk, St. Peter's Square, was opened by Dr. Muir, of Edinburgh, 
 February 3. The building was designed by Mr. Johnson, and cost £7,500. 
 
 Mr. Michael Ward, M.D., died Feb. 21. He was a native of Manchester, 
 was a former surgeon to the Manchester Infirmary, and the oldest resident 
 medica' practitioner in the town. 
 
 A fire broke out in the Medlock Paper Mill, occupied by Messrs. Schofield, 
 March 1. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford District Provident Society was established,, 
 M rch. 
 
 3 and 4 William IV. cap. 18. Act for more effectually repairing and
 
 188 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1833 
 
 improving the road from the end of Ardwick Green to Mottram-in-Longden- 
 clale, in the county of Chester. April 2. 
 
 Rev. John Dean, D.D., Prircipal of St. Mary Hall, Oxford, and Rector of 
 Oulde, in Northamptonshire, died April 12. He was a native of Manchester, 
 and was educated at the Free Grammar School, from which he went to 
 Brazenose College, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship, and afterwards 
 held the office of tutor for many years. Dr. Dean held for some time the pre 
 centorship of St. Asaph, with the sinecure rectory of Corwen. {Gentleman's 
 Magazine, May, 1833, p. 468.) 
 
 An inquest held in Salford on the body of Corporal Daniel Maggs, of the 
 83th Regiment, who was shot by Private John Roach. The murderer was 
 subsequently hanged at Lancaster, May 1. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Wilkinson, late publisher of the Manchester Advertiser, 
 died May 16. 
 
 3 and 4 William IV. cap. 57. Act to amend an Act passed in the seventh 
 year of the reign of His late Majesty King George IV., for repairing the roads 
 from Manchester to Salter's Brook, and for making several roads to communi- 
 cate therewith, and also for making a certain new extension or diversion of the 
 said roads, instead of a certain extension or diversion by the said Act 
 authorised to be made. May 17. 
 
 The Due d'Orleans, accompanied by several distinguished French officers, 
 visited Manchester, on his route for London, May 24. 
 
 A poll was taken in May, at the Town Hall, when the levying of a church. 
 rate was defeated. The numbers were : For the motion, 3,513; against the 
 rate, 3,514. 
 
 Mr. Stephen Lavender, deputy-constable of this town for twelve years, 
 died June 12. He was elected in 1821, previous to which he was a Bow Street 
 officer. Mr. Lavender was one of the officers ordered to arrest the Cato Street 
 conspirators, and was close to Smithies when he was shot. He afterwards 
 traced Thistlewood to an obscure lodging, and he only escaped with his life by 
 flinging himself on the bed in which Thistlewood lay, who was in the act of 
 firing a pistol at him. 
 
 Mr. John Thorpe died at his house in King Street, July 2, aged 69. He had 
 filled the office of surgeon to the Manchester Infirmary during a period of 28 
 years. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Sadler Thomas, upon the death of Mr. Lavender, was appointed 
 deputy-constable of Manchester, July 25. 
 
 Chorlton-upon-Medlock was lighted with gas, July 27. 
 
 There was a high flood in the Irwell, August 1. 
 
 Rev. Richard Hutchins Whitelocke, of Chorlton-cum-Hardy, died Aug. 14. 
 For many years he was the postmaster of this town. 
 
 The feoffees of the Free Grammar School applied to the Court of Chancery 
 for the appropriation of the surplus funds of the charity to some useful pur- 
 pose. The Court authorised the expenditure of a sum not exceeding £10,000 
 in the erection of a new school and a house for the high master. August. 
 
 M. Alphonse Thiers, the celebrated historian, afterwards President of the 
 French Republic, visited Manchester, accompanied by several other distin- 
 guished persons, September 15.
 
 1833] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 189 
 
 Mrs. Fletcher died October 3, whilst on her way from Sholaporeto Bombay. 
 She is better known by her maiden name of Maria Jane Jewsbury, and 
 although not a native of Manchester was long resident here. Her first, and 
 indeed the only, volume of poems she published was her Lays of Leisure 
 Hours. She wrote also, besides many articles in the annuals and other 
 periodicals of the day, a series of papers entitled Oceanides, composed 
 during her passage with her husband to the East Indies, and published 
 in the Athenccum of the years 1831-2. Of her prose works the first was Phan- 
 tasmagoria; or, Essays on Life and Literature; her next, Letters to the 
 Young, which had an extensive circulation ; her third and last, The Three 
 Histories, which was also popular, and contains, under the garb of fiction, 
 much of her own feeling and experience. Many of her poems, signed with 
 her initials, are to be found in the earlier volumes of the Athenmum and the 
 Manchester Guardian. 
 
 The members of the Chamber of Commerce presented to Mr. Hugh Hornby 
 Birley and Mr. George William Wood, their first and second presidents, two 
 splendid silver tureens, weighing 240 ounces each, as tokens of i*espect for their 
 valuable services. Among the guests were the Earl of Kerry and Lord 
 Molyneux. November 26. 
 
 Mr. John Ralston, of Brazennose Street, died November. He was an artist 
 of considerable talent, as many of his latter paintings will testify. 
 
 Rev. W. Manning Walker died, at Manchester, 23rd December. He was 
 born at Yarmouth 16th February, 1784, and was a Dissenting minister— first 
 Unitarian, then Independent— at Preston from 1802 to 1821. In 1822 he was 
 appointed chaplain of Rusholme Road Cemetery, a position which he retained 
 until his death. Several of his sermons were printed. 
 
 Manchester was visited with a tremendous storm of wind, which did great 
 damage in various parts of the town. The high chimney at Mr. Langley's 
 works, Sandywell, Salford, was blown down. December 31. 
 
 Mr. Charles Henry Wheeler died at Winchester. He was born in 1800, and 
 at an early age showed literary ability. He wrote A Sketch of the Rev. Josiah 
 Streamlet (Joshua Brooks) for Blackwood's Magazine, 1821, and contributed 
 other articles-to that periodical. (Manchester School Register, vol. iii., pp. 52, 290.) 
 
 The improvement of Hunt's Bank commenced. Palatine Stables opened, 
 March, 1837. The road opened, June 5, 1838. Gateway to Chetham's Hospit al 
 finished, April, 1S39, and the road completed, September 21, 1839. 
 
 The Rev. Richard Parkinson appointed a fellow of the Collegiate Church, 
 in place of Rev. John Clowes. 
 
 The value of land in various parts of the town may be estimated from the 
 fact that the Improvement Committee of Manchester paid for 222 yards of land 
 in the Parsonage, £444; for 55 yards 4 inches in Lower Mosley Street, £82 10s.; 
 for 7 yards 32 inches in Great Ancoats Street, £10, and another plot of 45£ yards, 
 £45 10s.; for 174 yards in Little Peter Street, £59 8s.; for 9 yards 16 inches in 
 Pool Fold, £50; for 7 yards in Fountain Street, £30; for 21 square feet in Spring 
 Gardens, £100. 
 
 The import of cotton wool was 303,656,a371b., and the duty £473,011. 
 
 The Manchester Statistical Society was established.
 
 190 Annals of Manchester. [lszi 
 
 1834. 
 
 The Northern and Central Bank of England opened in Brown Street, 
 January 13. It has since been given up. 
 
 The Salf ord Commissioners of Police purchased the Town Hall and Market 
 from the proprietors for £3,000, January 30. 
 
 A fire broke out in Newall's Buildings, Market Street, which destroyed 
 about £5,000 worth of paintings that were being exhibited there, together with 
 various other property. January. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Joseph Trafford appointed high sheriff of the county, Feb. 3. 
 The procession which accompanied him on entering upon the functions of his 
 office passed through Manchester August 8. 
 
 The first society on a purely "total abstinence" basis is said to have been 
 formed at Oak Street, 26th February (Winskill's Temperance Reformation, 
 p. 61) ; but it is more probable that the society did not originate until 17th 
 September of this year, and that it was not an exclusively teetotal organisa- 
 tion, although it is sometimes said to have been the first of that kind in the 
 United Kingdom. Its claim to priority has been disputed. The date of 
 the abandonment of the pledge of " moderation" for that of total abstinence is 
 believed to be February, 1835. 
 
 Rev. Moses Randall, chaplain of the Collegiate Church, died March 5, 
 aged 65. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Wroe was appointed comptroller to the Manchester Police 
 Commissioners, March 19. 
 
 Mr. William Vaughan, master of the Manchester School for the Deaf and 
 Dumb, died March 24, aged 45. 
 
 Mr. John Shuttleworth was appointed distributor of stamps for this 
 district, March. 
 
 The new Police Court, New Bailey, opened May 5. Dimensions, 38 feet by 
 50 feet, and 20 feet in height. 
 
 Commercial Bank of England, Mosley Street, commenced May 12. 
 
 Prince Jerome Bonaparte, ex-King of Westphalia, accompanied by several 
 distinguished foreigners, visited Manchester, May 20. 
 
 A Convent of the Presentation Order (nuns) was founded adjacent to St. 
 Patrick's Catholic Chapel, Livesey Street, May 22. 
 
 Mr. John Sharpe, F.R.S. and F.S.A., died at Richmond, Surrey, May 28. 
 He was formerly a member of the firm of Sharpe, Eccles, and Cririe, solicitors, 
 of this town. 
 
 Mr. H. B. Bingham appointed Master of the School for the Deaf and Dumb, 
 May. 
 
 Mary Leigh died June 6, aged 82. By her former marriage she was known 
 by the name of Polly Smith, of the Old Sun Tavern, New Market, Market 
 Street. 
 
 The foundation of the new Manchester and Liverpool District Bank, Spring 
 Sardens, laid by Mr. Robert Barbour, June 20. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Gaskell, incumbent of Newton Heath, died June 20. 
 
 Sir Daniel Bayley, K.H., died 21st June, and was buried at Tottenham. Ha 
 was the eldest son of Mr. Thomas B. Bayley, J.P., F.R.S., and was born Sept.
 
 1834] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 191 
 
 14, 1766, and educated at the Manchester Grammar School and at the Warring- 
 ton Academy. At an early age he was sent to a mercantile house in St. Peters- 
 burg, and subsequently became a partner in the firm of Thornton and Melville. 
 In consequence of great pecuniary losses he retired from business, and in 1812 
 was appointed Consul-General at St. Petersburg, and agent to the Russia Com- 
 pany. He was knighted 20th June, 1815, in consequence of valuable intel- 
 ligence and advice as to Russian affairs during the war with Napoleon. During 
 the absence from Russia of Earl Cathcart, the English Ambassador, he was 
 charge d'affaires, and for the services thus rendered Sir Daniel was made a 
 knight of the Hanoverian Guelphic Order. Sir Daniel was a member of the 
 Manchester Agricultural Society, and was twice married. 
 
 By the fall of three buildings in Long Millgate two boys and a girl were 
 killed, July 7. 
 
 The riots occurred between Orangemen and Catholics, July 13, 14. 
 
 The Manchester police van, capable of holding eighteen persons, first came 
 into use for the conveyance of prisoners between the lockups and the New 
 Bailey, July 26. 
 
 A tremendous thunderstorm in the neighbourhood of Manchester did much 
 damage. Two men were killed at Newton Heath, and a woman at Prestwich, 
 by the lightning. July 30. 
 
 Dr. R. B. Grindrod held a series of temperance meetings at Miles Platting 
 in July, and the result was the establishment of a teetotal society. It was at 
 one of its gatherings that the Rev. F. Beardsall signed the pledge, 6th Sep- 
 tember. " It seems clear that the Miles Platting Total Abstinence Society was 
 the first general public and exclusively teetotal society in England." (Winskill. ) 
 
 A meeting was held in the Exchange dining-room to celebrate the termi- 
 nation of slavery in all the British colonies, August 1. 
 
 Mr. John Lever, of Alkrington Hall, near Middleton, died Aug. 21, aged 66. 
 
 Elizabeth Smith shot by her husband, an artilleryman, near the Cavalry 
 Barracks, Hulme, August 24. 
 
 The corner stone of the Methodist New Connexion Chapel, Peter Street, 
 was laid August 27. 
 
 Iturbide, the ex-Emperor of Mexico, accompanied by General O'Leary, 
 visited Manchester, August. They were the guests of Mi-. Junius Smith, of 
 Strangeways Hall. 
 
 The old club-house in Mosley Street was sold to Mr. John Dugdale for 
 £7,500, being twice the amount at which it had been valued a few years earlier. 
 August. 
 
 Mr. Francis Mallalieu, of this town, was appointed a stipendiary magis- 
 trate at Barbadoes in August. 
 
 At the poll the struggle of the Dissenters of Manchester against the half- 
 penny church-rate ended in the refusal of the rate by a majority of 1,122. 
 There were 5,857 for and 7,019 against the payment of the rate. September 3. 
 
 A branch of the Manchester and Rochdale Canal, from Maden Fold to 
 Heywood, was opened September 10. 
 
 A subscription started for the erection of a Blind Asylum in Manchester, 
 March 13. About 24,000 square yards of land were purchased at Old Trafford, 
 September 19.
 
 192 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1834 
 
 The first legal proceedings in Lancashire under the new Factory Act were 
 taken September 24. 
 
 A Temperance Conference held in Manchester, at which there were fifty 
 delegates present. September 24. 
 
 Mr. Ducrow opened the Theatre Royal with equestrian performances, Sep- 
 tember 27 ; closed November 19. 
 
 Manchester October Races originated, October 17. 
 
 Edward, twelfth Earl of Derby, died at Knowsley, October 21, in his 83rd 
 year. His lordship filled the office of lord-lieutenant of this county for nearly 
 59 years. He was born September 18, 1752, and succeeded his grandfather, 
 Edward, the eleventh earl, 24th February, 1776. He was succeeded by his 
 only son, Lord Stanley, who had been called to the House of Lords in 
 1S32 by the title of Baron Stanley of Bickerstaffe. 
 
 Mr. James Harrop, eldest son of the late Joseph Harrop, of the Man- 
 chester Mercury, died October 27. 
 
 Mr. William Sergeant, of Cornbrook Bank, and of the firm of Sergeant and 
 Milne, solicitors, died October 27. 
 
 Mr. Archibald Prentice, proprietor of the Manchester Times, was charged 
 at the sessions with publishing a libel on Mr. Thomas Sowler, proprietor 
 of the Courier. The jury, after being locked up eight hours, found the 
 defendant "guilty of writing and publishing, but not with a malicious 
 intent," and the chairman decided that this amounted to an acquittal. 
 October 29. 
 
 Mr. Taylor's shop and workshops, situated in Mason Street, Swan Street, 
 destroyed by fire. The damage was estimated to be from £2,000 to £3,000. 
 October 31. 
 
 A splendid Aurora Borealis visible from Manchester, November 3. 
 
 Mr. James Bruce, who was master of the Exchange twenty-four years, 
 died November 19, aged 79. 
 
 The silent system adopted in the New Bailey. November. 
 
 Town Hall Buildings, King Street, commenced. Frontage finished 
 December, 1839. 
 
 The number of streets in the town estimated at 2,000, and of houses 
 at 40,837. 
 
 Manchester paid in postages £60,621 lis. 6d. 
 
 The Market Street improvement completed ; and, from a summary of 
 receipts and expenditure of the commissioners to the end of this year, the sum 
 of £232,925 14s. had been expended. To Mr. Thomas Fleming the town of 
 Manchester was indebted for his zeal and activity both in originating and in 
 carrying out this most valuable and important improvement of a great public 
 thoroughfare. 
 
 Dr. Grindrod began a Juvenile Temperance Society in the Mechanics' 
 Institute, Cooper Street. The name " Band of Hope " was not adopted by these 
 organisations until 1845, and is said to have been suggested by Mr. Carlisle, of 
 Dublin. (Winskill's Temperance Reformation, p. 255.) 
 
 A day school attached to the Scotch Church, established upon the plan of 
 the Edinburgh Sessional School, and under the care of the minister and the 
 Kirk Session.
 
 1835] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 193 
 
 The population of Manchester was 200,000, of whom 15,000 lived in cellar 
 dwellings. 
 
 The quantity of cotton retained in England for home consumption was 
 295,684,997 pounds. The export of cotton yarn amounted to 76,478,468 pounds. 
 The quantity of yarn spun in England was 241,731,118 pounds. 
 
 1835. 
 
 Rev. Robert Hindmarsh died, at Gravesend, January 2, aged 76. He was a 
 printer, who embraced the Swedenborgian doctrine, and who, when the 
 disciples decided to form a separate church, was chosen by lot as the 
 "Ordaining Minister." He was for a time minister of the New Jerusalem 
 Temple, Salford, which was built for him in 1813. He had previously preached 
 in Clarence Street, Princess Street, from July 7, 1811. He resigned his position 
 April 2, 1824, when a silver cup was presented to him. He wrote Rise and 
 Progress of the New Jerusalem Church (London, 1861), and many con- 
 troversial writings. He translated and published various of the works of 
 Swedenborg. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Mark Watt, Colonel Commandant of the Trafford and 
 Hulme Local Militia, died, in Hollis Street, London, January 8th. 
 
 Mr. Robert Haldane Bradshaw, of Worsley Hall, died at Woodman's, Hert. 
 fordshire, January 8, aged 76. He was the acting manager of the Duke of 
 Bridge water's Trust. 
 
 The election for the borough of Manchester, January 8 and 9. The follow- 
 ing were the numbers at the close of the poll : Right Hon. C. P. Thomson, 3,355; 
 Mr. Mark Philips, 3,163; Mr. Benjamin Braidley, 2,535; Sir Charles Wolseley, 
 bart, 583. 
 
 The election for the borough of Salford took place, January 8 and 9. The 
 following were the numbers at the close of the poll : Mr. Joseph Brotherton, 
 795 ; Mr. John Dugdale, 572. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Clayton, the last male representative of the ancient family of 
 the Claytons, of Little Harwood, died February 12, at Carr Hall, near Black- 
 burn, aged 80. In early life he held successively the rank of captain and major 
 in the regiment of Royal Lancashire Volunteers, commanded by the late Earl 
 of Wilton, and upon the resignation of that nobleman he was appointed to suc- 
 ceed him. Colonel Clayton served with the regiment in Ireland for niany 
 years, and continued to command it until it was disbanded in 1802. 
 
 Namick Pacha, the Turkish ambassador, visited Manchester, February 12. 
 
 The moderation pledge of the Temperance Society abandoned February 26, 
 and a new society formed on the basis of total abstinence. 
 
 Mr. Henry Bailey, deputy constable of Cheetham, was drowned in the 
 Irwell in endeavouring to rescue a little boy named Trees, who had fallen into 
 the river, March 11. A subscription, which amounted to £1,641 8s. 7d., was 
 raised for the benefit of Bailey's family. Bailey's body was found, September 
 12, in the river, near Barton Bridge. 
 
 The election for the borough of Manchester, April 28 and 29. The following 
 were the numbers at the close of the poll : Right Hon. C. P. Thomson, 3,205 ; 
 Mr. B. Braidley, 1,839. 
 
 Mr. Charles Tavare" died, May 28, aged 63. This gentlemau, who was uncle 
 x
 
 194 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1835 
 
 to Swain, the poet, was conversant with nine languages, and deeply read* 
 in the literature of continental Europe. 
 
 Mr. John Philips, lieutenant R.N., last surviving son of Mr. John Leigh 
 Philips, died at Liverpool, June 2. 
 
 A tremendous thunderstorm burst over Manchester and neighbourhood. 
 A man was killed at Ardwick ; several hurt in Hulme, June 3. 
 
 5 and 6 William IV. cap. 30. Act to amend the Acts relating to the Man- 
 chester, Bolton, and Bury Canal Navigation and Railway, and to make a branch 
 railway to Bolton. June 17. 
 
 Mr. William Cobbett, M.P. for Oldham, died June 18, aged 73. He contested 
 Manchester in 1832, but was defeated, though few men had greater influence 
 with the working men of this district. He was an extraordinary "self-made 
 man," and nothing can exceed the strength and vigour of his English. 
 
 Anne, relict of the late Mr. Thomas Barritt, the antiquary, died June 21. 
 
 A man employed on the erection of a large chimney at the gas- 
 works in Salford, was killed by falling from the top, a height of 75 yards, 
 June 22. 
 
 The first committal of a Manchester prisoner to Kirkdale Gaol for trial at 
 the South Lancashire Assizes was on June 30. 
 
 Lord Brougham delivered an address to the members of the Mechanics' 
 Institution, July 21. 
 
 The Adelphi Swimming Baths, Salford, opened July 29. 
 
 The first South Lancashire Assizes commenced at Liverpool, before Lord 
 Chief-Justice Tindal and Lord Abinger, August 15. Prisoners from this dis- 
 trict had previously been sent for trial to Lancaster. 
 
 The shock of an earthquake was felt in Manchester and the vicinity 
 August 20, at three o'clock a.m. 
 
 Catherine Green was murdered by her husband, August 21. 
 
 The "Independent Order of Rechabites" formed at Meadowcroft's Temper- 
 ance Hotel, Bolton Street, Salford, August 25. This is a friendly society 
 for teetotallers, which has had a very prosperous career. 
 
 Mr. John Youil, brewer and landlord of the Hen and Chickens, lectured 
 against teetotalism, which was then being advocated by Dr. R. B. Grindrod. 
 Mr. Youil's lecture was printed in a pamphlet, now rare. The preface is 
 dated Oldham Street, Aug. 29, 1825. 
 
 The first stone of the Collegiate Church Sunday School, Todd Street, was 
 laid September 14. 
 
 Mr. John Mackay Wilson died October 2, at Berwick. He was the author 
 of Talcs of the Borders, and for several years editor of the Berwick Adver- 
 tiser. Mr. Wilson was for some time resident in Manchester, where his Tales 
 of the Borders were first published. Their popularity is attested by numerous 
 editions. 
 
 There was a review and sham fight on Kersal Moor, October 3. 
 
 The Manchester Athenaeum was established, October 28, chiefly by the 
 exertions of Mr. Richard Cobden, Mr. William Langton, and Mr. James Hey- 
 wood, F.R.S. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Institution for the Treatment of the Skin 
 was opened November 16.
 
 1836] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 191 
 
 The Associated Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Oldham Road, was opened 
 November 22. 
 
 Mr. Thomas A. Ward died at his house, Chatham Street, December 1, aged 
 86. Mr. "Ward was formerly joint manager, with the late Mr. Lewis, of the 
 Manchester and Liverpool Theatres. 
 
 Mr. William Robert Whatton, F.R.S., F.S.A., died at Manchester, Dec. 5. 
 He was born at Loughborough, February 17, 1790, and was a surgeon in Man 
 Chester from 1815 to 1835. He was author of the third volume of History of the 
 Foundations of Manchester, 1828-33, of the biographies in Baines's Lancashire 
 and of various pamphlets and papers. He was the librarian of the Literary and 
 Philosophical Society. (See Gentleman's Magazine, December, 183G, p. 661, 
 for an account of the family.) 
 
 The Salford Gas Works, in Lamb Lane, were erected. 
 
 The Tent Methodists discontinued their chapel in Canal Street, Ancoats, 
 and sold it to Mr. Robert Gardner for £3,200. It was consecrated in 1837 as St. 
 Jude's Church. 
 
 J. B. Pomfret, secretary to the Manchester Infirmary, absconded with 
 between four and five hundred pounds belonging to that institution. 
 
 The annual value of property in Manchester was assessed at £573,0S5. The 
 total annual value for the borough of Salford was £185,543. 
 
 According to the Parliamentary return, the total number of power-looms 
 employed in the manufacture of silk in Manchester and Salford was 300. The 
 total number throughout the United Kingdom was 1,716. 
 
 The quantity of cotton retained in Great Britain for home consumption 
 was 330,829 pounds. The export of cotton yarn amounted to 82,457,885 pounds. 
 The total quantity of yarn spun in England was 248,114,531 pounds. 
 
 The declared value of cotton manufactures exported was £15,300,922 ; and 
 of yarn, £4,704,823. 
 
 The Independent Chapel, Oxford Road, was begun. 
 
 1836. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Walker, M. A., died at Brussels, Jan. 20, of pulmonary apoplexy. 
 He was born at Barlow Hall, October 10, 1784, and his father was the well- 
 known Whig boroughreeve. (See under date 1817.) He was educated at 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated M.A., and in 1812 was called 
 to the bar at the Inner Temple. He left Manchester and was appointed stipen- 
 diary magistrate at Lambeth. In 1835 he started a periodical, The Original, 
 which continued weekly for six months. It was published in book form, and in 
 1874 a new edition appeared edited by Blanchard Jerrold. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Lynch, druggist, of Market Street, died January 23, aged 69. 
 He was the Deputy Grand Master of the Freemasons of the Manchester 
 district. 
 
 By an accident at the chapel belonging to the Wesleyan Methodist 
 Association, Oldham Road, several persons were killed and wounded. 
 January 25. 
 
 An immense stone wall, forming the new road, Hunt's Bank, fell Into I lie 
 river, and destroyed the works belonging to Messrs. Collier and Co., on the 
 Salford side, January 31.
 
 196 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1836 
 
 Mr. Robert Tinker, the original promoter, and for forty years proprietor of 
 Vauxhall Gardens, Collyhurst, died February 1, aged 70. 
 
 Mr. Henry Hunt died at Acresford, Hants, Feb. 13. He was born at 
 (Jpbaven, Wilts, in 1773, and was an opulent farmer before he turned Radical 
 Reformer. He was the chairman of the Peterloo meeting, and was in con- 
 sequence imprisoned for three years in Ilchester gaol. His printed Letters from 
 that institution are curious and instructive. He was elected M.P. for Preston 
 in 1830, re-elected in 1831, but defeated in 1832. There are some interesting 
 particulars about Hunt in Bamf ord's Life of a Radical. 
 
 Mr. Edward Carbutt, M.D., one of the physicians to the Manchester 
 Infirmary, &c, and the author of a series of clinical lectures which were 
 delivered to the pupils of the above institution, died February 25. 
 
 The first stone of the School for the Deaf and Dumb, and of Henshaw's 
 Blind Asylum, Old Trafford, laid by Mr. William Grant, March 23. The build- 
 ing was designed by Mr. Richard Lane. 
 
 Mr. James Bohanna, a man long to be remembered as having for 
 years walked at the head of the procession on the king's birthday, died 
 March 28. He was born in the year 1761. In 1777 he enlisted in the 72nd 
 Regiment, or Manchester Volunteers, and served with that gallant corps at the 
 protracted siege of Gibraltar, under General Elliot. On each returning anni- 
 versary of the raising of the siege of that place he visited the College to see 
 once more the colours of his regiment, which were then there. 
 
 Rev. Peter Hordern, incumbent of Chorlton-cum-Hardy, and formerly 
 librarian at Chetham's Hospital, died March 28. 
 
 Manchester Improvement Committee obtained a renewal of its powers for 
 three years, after strong opposition, March 30. 
 
 The new Union Club-house, in Mosley Street, was opened March 31. 
 The Union Bank of Manchester, Brown Street, established March 31. 
 The South Lancashire Bank, York Street, was established April 7. 
 Mrs. Sarah Henshaw, widow of Mr. Thomas Henshaw, of Oldham, founder 
 of the Manchester School for the Deaf and Dumb, died April 8, at Stone Wall, 
 Cheetham. 
 
 6 William IV. cap. 16. Act to enlarge the powers of several Acts for effecting 
 improvements in the streets and other places within the town of Manchester. 
 April 22. 
 
 A bazaar and ball was held in aid of the School for the Deaf and Dumb, 
 April. The nett proceeds were £3,848. 
 
 Captain John Grimshaw, 103rd Foot, died May 21, at Cowes, Isle of Wight, 
 aged 54. 
 
 Mr. Richard Entwisle died on May 30. He was born in Manchester in 
 September, 1771, his father being James Entwisle, boroughreeve in 1794. 
 Richard Entwisle was a highly accomplished man, an excellent musician, and 
 good linguist. His eldest surviving son was William Entwisle, M.P. 
 
 Of 63,623 persons employed in mills in the parish of Manchester, 35,283 were 
 females; 37,930 were above the age of 18 years, and 16,965 were below the 
 age of 15. The estimate was made in May. 
 
 The Methodist Association Chapel, known as the Tabernacle, in Grosvenor 
 Street, was opened June 3.
 
 1336J 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 197 
 
 St. Luke's Church, Cheetham Hill, was founded June 6, but not conse- 
 crated until October 6, 1839. It is Gothic, from a design by Mr. T. W. Atkinson. 
 The tower and spire together are 170 feet in height. 
 
 The Act of Parliament (6 and 7 William IV. cap. Ill) for constructing the 
 Manchester and Leeds (now Lancashire and Yorkshire) Railway received the 
 royal assent, July 4. 
 
 6 and 7 William IV. cap. 115. Act for making and maintaining a navigable 
 Canal to connect the Rochdale Canal and the river Irwell, in the township of 
 Manchester, July 4. 
 
 St. John the Evangelist's Church, Higher Broughton, was founded July 6, 
 by the Rev. John Clowes, who liberally gave the land and endowment. It was 
 opened January 7, 1838, and consecrated October 5, 1S39. 
 
 A silver star was presented to Mr. Henry Anderton, the teetotal poet, at a 
 meeting held in Hulme, August 6, presided over by Mr. James Gaskill. He was 
 one of the most popular speakers in the early days of temperance advocacy. 
 He died at Bury, June 21, 1855, aged 46 years. 
 
 Manchester and Salford Bank, Mosley Street, established in August. 
 Mr. William Henry, M.D., died Sept. 2, aged 61 years. He was a native of 
 Manchester, and finished his education at Edinburgh, where he was the friend 
 and associate of Brougham, Jeffrey, Macintosh, and a number of others wbo, 
 like himself, attained a high degree of celebrity. He was intended for the 
 medical profession, but, owing to delicate health, he relinquished it. Soon 
 after leaving the university he delivered in Manchester several courses of lec- 
 tures on chemistry. The notes of these lectures ultimately led to the publi- 
 cation of a small volume on the science which in successive editions gradually 
 became a detailed and excellent treatise on the subject, and was remarkable 
 for the precision of its information and for the elegance of its style. Dr. 
 Henry was interred September 7, in the burial ground of Cross Street Chapel. 
 His purely scientific writings are chronicled in the Catalogue published by 
 the Royal Society. (Baker's Memorials, p. 99.) 
 
 The first stone of the Female Penitentiary, Embden Place, Greenheys, was 
 laid by Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart., president, September 9. It was opened 
 September 7, 1837. 
 
 The Manchester Musical Festival and Fancy Dress Ball, held September 13. 
 resulted in a profit of £1,320, which was distributed among the public 
 charities. 
 
 Madame Maria Felicita Garcia Malibran de Beriot died September 23. 
 She was the eldest daughter of a Spanish tenor singer, Manuel Garcia, and 
 was born at Paris in 1808, and made her debut at the London Opera in 1825. In 
 the following year she went to America, where she married M. Malibran, an 
 elderly gentleman from whom she was soon separated. Her fame as a vocalist 
 was unrivalled. In 1836, after a divorce from her former husband, she married 
 M. de Berjot, a Belgian violinist. She came to Manchester September 11, to 
 sing in connection with the Musical Festival, and probably owing to vocal 
 exertions which were imprudent for one in her condition, she was taken, after 
 an evening concert at the Theatre Royal,>'ith an illness which proved fatal. She 
 was buried at the Collegiate Church, Manchester, Oct. 1, but the body was 
 exhumed Dec. 20, and re-interred at Brussels, Jan. 1, 1837. A Funeral Sermon
 
 198 Annals of Manchester, 
 
 [1836 
 
 by Canon Parkinson was printed, and contains, in an appendix, details of her 
 illness and death. 
 
 The stamp duty upon newspapers was reduced to one penny, September, 
 When the newspapers of Manchester were reduced from sevenpence to four- 
 pence. 
 
 The Banksian Society was dissolved in September. It was an association of 
 botanists, chiefly artisans, who had held meetings for seven years. It was 
 resuscitated as the Natural History Class of the Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 A branch of the National Provincial Bank of England was established in 
 Mosley Street, September. 
 
 Mr. John Hallam, of the Legs of Man Inn, Portland Street, died October 17. 
 He had a local reputation as a comedian. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Bury, fustian shearer and woollen cord finisher, died October 
 31, aged 78. He was the founder and first finisher of moleskins. 
 
 Captain Benjamin Wild, late paymaster of the 29th Regiment, in which he 
 served upwards of 24 years, and shared in its glories and perils in Spain and 
 Portugal, died November 9, aged 54. 
 
 St. Saviour's Church, Plymouth Street, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, consecrated 
 November 11. The cost of the structure was £6,000. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Appleby, the founder and originally proprietor of the Salford 
 Gas "Works, died November 12. 
 
 Mr. Moses Hughes, the well-known performer on the oboe, died November 
 26. He was born at Downholland, between Wigan and Ormskirk. After 
 serving an apprenticeship in Liverpool, he came to this town, where he resided 
 upwards of fifty years, deservedly respected. 
 
 Mr. John Ratcliffe, formerly of this town, died at Cheltenham, December 2, 
 at an advanced age. He served the office of boroughreeve in 1809-10. 
 
 The Imperial Bank of England, King Street, was established in December. 
 It suspended payment April 30, 1839. 
 
 Messrs. Faulkner and Co.'s factory, Jersey Street, Ancoats, destroyed by 
 fire, December. 
 
 The total number of day scholars in Manchester and Salford was 24,676 
 December. 
 
 The day police of Manchester consisted of 41 men. The night police 
 numbered 116. 
 
 At this date the five following individuals were living in this town who had 
 served at the siege of Gibraltar: George Bennett, Turner Street; William 
 Smith, Loom Street ; and Giles Retford, Pendleton (blind), served in the 72nd ; 
 John Entwistle, Camp Street, served in the 97th Bath Volunteers ; and Joseph 
 Walker, John Street, Salford, served on board the Ocean, 90 guns, and at the 
 siege as a sergeant. 
 
 Rev. W. J. Kidd appointed to the living of St. Matthew's Church, by the 
 Warden and Fellows of the Collegiate Church. 
 
 An accident by which two were killed and seventy injured was occasioned 
 by the fall of the flooring of a recently-erected building in Oldham Road, where 
 a temperance meeting was being held. Dr. Stanley, afterwards Bishop of Nor- 
 wich, visited the sufferers and himself became an abstainer, but returned to 
 the use of wine by order of his medical attendant.
 
 1837] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 199 
 
 The number of brewers, victuallers, and beer retailers in the "Manchester 
 Collection" was 4,574. 
 
 According to a Parliamentary return, the power looms in the United 
 Kingdom numbered 117,151, viz., Manchester, 15,9G0; Bury, 9,901 ; Blackburn, 
 4,256 ; Ashton, 4,018 ; in Yorkshire, 7,809 ; in Cheshire, 22,913 ; Middlesex, 368 ; 
 Scotland, 17,721 ; Wales, 1,938 ; Ireland, 1,516. 
 
 1837. 
 
 The Corn Exchange, Hanging Ditch, was opened January 7. The cost of 
 the building was £4,000. The area of the room is nearly 600 square snrds. 
 
 A malicious explosion of gas at Mrs. Kempshead's shop in Market Street, 
 January 7, caused damage to the extent of £3,000. A public subscription was 
 opened for her benefit. 
 
 Mr. John Henry Perkins, first superintendent of the Lancasterian School 
 in this town, died January 21, aged 63. 
 
 The new school and high master's house, belonging to the Free Grammar 
 School, completed at an expense of £7,500. Opened January 30. The house 
 was subsequently converted into the Cathedral Hotel. 
 
 Mr. John Atkinson Kansome, senior surgeon to the Manchester Royal 
 Infirmary, died February 10, in his 58th year. Mr. Ransome was born at Nor- 
 wich, March 4th, 1779 ; served his apprenticeship at Lynn, and came to Man- 
 chester in 1805. 
 
 Rev. Henry Gillow died February 25, aged 41. He was ordained priest 
 December 21, 1821, and immediately afterwards took charge of the St. Mary's 
 Mission, in Mulberry Street. He was a very zealous Catholic priest, and was 
 chairman of the Catholic School Committee, which was the means of opening 
 schools in the town and its environs. (Gillow's Bibliographical Dictionary, 
 English Catholic.) 
 
 The first public sale of raw silk in Manchester is said to have been held 
 April 4. 
 
 Great distress prevailed amongst the working classes on account of bad 
 trade and the dearness of food. April. 
 
 St. Jude's Church, Canal Street, Ancoats (late a chapel belonging to the 
 Tent Methodists), was opened, April. 
 
 The Victoria Park Company incorporated under an Act of Parliament 
 (7 William IV. and 1 Vic. cap. 31), May 5 ; opened July 31. The park contains 
 140 acres, and is situated in the townships of Rusholme, Moss Side, and 
 Chorlton-upon-Medlock. 
 
 7 William IV. and 1 Victoria, cap. 21. Act for making a railway from 
 Sheffield to Manchester. May 5. 
 
 7 William IV. and 1 Victoria, cap. 24. Act for enabling the Manchester 
 and Leeds Railway Company to vary the line of such railway, and for amending 
 and enlarging the powers and provisions of the Act relating thereto. May 5. 
 
 7 William IV. and 1 Victoria, cap. 27. Act for enabling the Liverpool and 
 Manchester Railway Company to raise more money, and for amending and 
 enlarging the powers and provisions of the several Acts relating to the said rail- 
 way. May 5.
 
 200 Annals of Manchester. 1337 
 
 The third Socialist (Co-operative) Congress was held in the Social Insti- 
 tution, Great George Street, Salford, in May. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Robert Haydon visited the town in order to advocate the 
 establishment of a School of Design. He was here in May and June. He writes 
 in his diary : " Manchester in a dreadful condition as to art. No School of 
 Design. The young men drawing without instruction. A fine anatomical 
 figure shut up in a box ; the housekeeper obliged to hunt for the key. I'll give 
 it them before I go." (See under date 21st January, 1838, and 25th March, 1839.) 
 
 7 William IV. and 1 Victoria, cap. 43. Act for effectually amending the 
 roads from Manchester, through Oldham, to Austerlands, in the county of 
 York, and from Oldham to Ashton-under-Lyne, and from Oldham to Rochdale, 
 and other roads, and for making and maintaining new lines to communicate 
 therewith. June 8. 
 
 Fire at Mr. Fairweather's factory, Cambridge Street, June 10. The damage 
 was estimated at £2,000. 
 
 The accession of Queen Victoria was proclaimed in this town, June 20. 
 
 The School for the Deaf and Dumb, and Henshaw's Blind Asylum, Old 
 Trafford, opened with procession, June 21. 
 
 7 William IV. and 1 Victoria, cap. 69. Act for making a railway from Man- 
 chester to join the Grand Junction Railway, in the parish of Chebsey, in the 
 county of Stafford, to be called " The Manchester and Birmingham Railway," 
 with certain branches therefrom. June 30. 
 
 Mr. Robert Owen's periodical The New Moral World transferred to Man- 
 chester (vol. iii. printed by John Gadsby, vol. iv. by Abel Heywood ; vol. vii. 
 was printed at Leeds). From 10th June, 1837, to 8th November, 1845, it was 
 edited by Mr. G. A. Fleming. (Holyoake's History of Co-operation, vol. i., 
 p. 219.) 
 
 The Grand Junction Railway, connecting Manchester with Birmingham 
 and London, was opened July 4. 
 
 The Cattle Market, Cross Lane, Salford, was opened July 12. 
 
 1 Victoria, cap. 112. Act for enabling the Directors of the Manchester Gas 
 Works to purchase lands, buildings, and apparatus for the extension of their 
 works. July 12. 
 
 The Parliamentary election for the borough of Salford was held July 26, 
 when the following were the numbers at the close of the poll : Mr. Joseph 
 Brotherton, 889 ; Mr. Wm. Garnett, 888. 
 
 The Parliamentary election for the borough of Manchester, July 27, when 
 the following were the numbers at the close of the poll : Right Hon. C. P. 
 Thomson, 4,127 ; Mr. Mark Philips, 3,759 ; Mr. William Ewart Gladstone, 2,324. 
 
 Mustapha Rechid Bey Effendi, the Turkish Ambassador, and suite, visited 
 Manchester and inspected several of the manufactories, August 18. 
 
 The new Asylum for Female Penitents, in Embden Place, Greenheys, 
 opened September 7. 
 
 The "Old Bridge" over the Irwell closed, for the purpose of being taken 
 down, and one of wood opened for foot-passengers, September 7. 
 
 Manchester General Cemetery, Harpurhey, was opened in September. Ihe 
 first interred was a still-born child ; the second was Marian Segate Watt, aged 
 nine years, September 7.
 
 1837] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 201 
 
 The foundation stone of the Unitarian Chapel in Upper Brook Street was 
 laid September 8. 
 
 The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Cheetham Hill, was opened Sep- 
 tember 15. 
 
 Presbyterian Church, Mill Street, Ancoats, opened September 24. 
 Mr. John Stanley Gregson died of consumption, at Brixton, 2nd Oct. He 
 was within a month of 37. He was educated at the Moravian School, Fairfield. 
 Owing to a disappointment in love, he is said to have enlisted as a private 
 soldier, but was bought off. This has been denied. He was set up as a book- 
 seller in Market Street, and was the author of Gimcrackiana and The Code of 
 Common Sense, both published at Manchester in 1833. He also wrote the 
 oration delivered by the Chetham College boys when describing the curiosities 
 formerly shown to the visitors. (Manchester Guardian Local Notes and 
 Queries.) 
 
 Mr. George Hibbert, F.R.S., F.S.A., died, 8th Oct. He was a son of Robert 
 Hibbert, who was constable of Manchester in 1759, and was an alderman of 
 London. From 1806 to 1812 George Hibbert was M.P. for Seaham. He was a 
 member of the Roxburghe Club, and the sale of his library in 1829 was famous 
 in the bibliomania. (Baker's Memorials, p. 90.) 
 
 Mr. Charles Green ascended in the Royal Nassau balloon, October 16, 23, 
 and November 4, from the Gas Works, Lamb Lane, Salford. 
 
 Mr. James Butterworth, author of a History of Manchester, and several 
 other local historical works, died November 23, at Busk, near Oldham, aged 60. 
 There is a notice of him in the Dictionarrj of National Biography. 
 
 The Manchester Society for Promoting National Education was established 
 in November. 
 
 The Evangelical Friends' Meeting House, Grosvenor Street, Chorlton-upon 
 Medlock, was opened December 17. 
 
 There was a very high flood in the Irwell, December 20. 
 Mr. Shaw (an auctioneer), Mr. Hall, and two other gentlemen were rescued 
 from the most imminent danger of being drowned in the floods, near Cheadle, 
 by the courageous conduct of Henry Wrigley, the driver of an omnibus. 
 December 20. 
 
 Charles Phillips, M.D., one of the physicians to the Manchester Infirmary, 
 died December 24. 
 
 Rev. Jeremiah Smith, D.D., rector of St. Ann's, and high master of the 
 Free Grammar School, resigned both appointments. 
 
 Rev. Robinson Elsdale, D.D., second master, appointed high master of the 
 Grammar School. 
 
 Mr. James Patrick died. He was for many years the printer of Patrick's 
 Correct Card of the races. 
 
 The Manchester Architectural Society founded. 
 
 A fire at Messrs. Smith and Raw.son*s mil], Hope Street, Oldfield Road, 
 December, caused damage to the extent of about £3,000. 
 
 Samuel D. Scott, known as " The Juniper," took two leaps off the warehouse 
 of Messrs. Shanklin, Manlcy, and Co., near the New Bailey Bridge, into the 
 Irwcll. In the first leap be descended feet first into the water, and in the 
 second leap head downward The height would be from 65 to 70 feet.
 
 202 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 U83S- 
 
 Mr. W. James, formerly of Warwick, the original projector of the Liver- 
 pool and Manchester Railway, died at the Plas Newydd, Cornwall, aged 66. 
 
 The Independent Chapel, Liverpool Street, Oldfield Road, was founded. 
 
 Mr. Campbell, an actor at the Queen's Theatre, was accidentally shot by 
 the property man whilst performing the character of Mr. Felton, in the drama 
 of Lilian, the Show Girl. The subscription for his widow realised £120 10s. 6d. 
 
 1838. 
 
 Mr. James Norris, chairman of the Salford Quarter Sessions, died January 
 19, aged 63 years, and was buried in the Derby Chapel, in the Collegiate 
 Church. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Robert Haydon lectured on the formation of a School of 
 Design, 25th January. He records in his Diary meeting Fairbairn and others 
 at dinner. " Liked Fairbairn much— good steam-engine head." A visit to his 
 works is described. 
 
 The Night Asylum for the Destitute Poor, Smithfield, was opened, Feb. 5. 
 
 Manchester School of Design was formed in February. 
 
 The first stone on the Manchester side of Victoria Bridge was laid by 
 Mr. Elkanah Armitage, boroughreeve of Salford, March 3. 
 
 Fire at the Oxford Road Twist Company's factory, in the occupation of 
 Messrs. Cooke and Hyde, March 7. The damage was estimated at £6,000. 
 
 A petition for a charter of incorporation, bearing 15,831 signatures, was 
 forwarded from Manchester for presentation to Her Majesty's Privy Council, 
 March 11. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Maude, barrister, appointed stipendiary magistrate for Man- 
 chester, March 19. 
 
 Mr. John Frederick Foster, stipendiary magistrate, appointed chairman of 
 ;he Quarter Sessions. March. 
 
 The Ardwick Cemetery was opened April 13. 
 
 The Manchester and Bolton Railway was opened May 24. The length was 
 ten miles, and the cost £650,000. 
 
 The Rev. Rowland Blaney, incumbent of Birch Chapel, died at Longsight, 
 May 30, aged 84. 
 
 Zoological Gardens, Higher Broughton, were opened May 31. 
 
 The fourth Socialist Congress was held in May at Manchester. 
 
 1 Victoria, cap. 25. Act for enabling the Company of Proprietors of the 
 Manchester, Bolton, and Bury Canal Navigation and Railway to raise more 
 money, and for amending the powers and provisions of the several Acts relating 
 thereto. June 11. 
 
 The Unitarian Chapel, Strangeways, was opened June 17. The Sunday 
 School was opened June 24. 
 
 Mary Moore, aged 48, was found murdered at mid-day, at Withington, 
 June 20. George Hodges was tried on the charge of committing the murder at 
 the following assizes at Liverpool, and acquitted. 
 
 Salford Mechanics' Institution was opened June 23. Its first president was 
 Mr. John Frederick Foster. 
 
 South Lancashire Bank, York Street, opened June 23. 
 
 The coronation of Queen Victoria was celebrated June 28.
 
 1838] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 203 
 
 The foundation stone of the Hope Street Schools, Oldfield Road, Salford, 
 was laid June 28. 
 
 Joseph Corbett Peel, cashier at the Bank of Manchester, absconded with a 
 large sum of money belonging to the bank. He was pursued and arrested a< 
 Rotterdam by Sawley, the Manchester officer, and transported for seven years. 
 June. 
 
 The first stone of the Salford side of Victoria Bridge laid by Mr. J. Brown, 
 boroughreeve of Manchester, July 2. 
 
 The Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company started a steamer upon the 
 river for passengers. She carried 150 passengers, was 12-horse power, 60 feet 
 long, and was called " The Jack Sharp." July 4. 
 
 Marshal Soult visited Manchester July 20, and was entertained at a dinner 
 in the Union Club House, Mosley Street. 
 
 Rev. Robert Stephens McAll, pastor of the Independent Church in Mosley 
 Street, died at Swinton, 27th July. He was born at Plymouth, 4th August, 
 1792. His Discourses on Special Occasions, with a life by Wardlaw, were 
 issued in two volumes in 1846. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Heywood, banker, and president of the Mechanics' Insti- 
 tutions, created a baronet, July. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Hardman, of Richmond House, Higher Broughton, died Aug. 
 16, aged 60. His valuable collection of paintings, portraits, books, prints, and 
 coins was sold by auction, by Winstanley, in October the same year. 
 
 Messrs. Macintosh and Co.'s patent cloth factory, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, 
 was destroyed by fire, August 25, when three lives were lost. 
 
 Mr. H. Powell accidentally killed at the New Bailey, September 12. 
 
 The junction of the Bridgewater Canal with the river Irwell, near Hulme 
 Hall, by means of locks, completed and opened September 20. 
 
 The Manchester Journal, No. 1, September 22, was printed and published 
 by Joseph Macardy. 
 
 A great meeting was held on Kersal Moor, September 24, to demand the 
 six points of the Charter. The attendance was estimated by the Morning 
 Post at 300,000. Mr. Fergus O'Connor, M.P., Rev. James Rayner Stephens, and 
 others addressed the assembly, which elected Bronterre O'Brien to represent 
 Manchester in the Convention that met at London in February, 1S39. 
 (Gammage's History of Chartism, p. 69.) 
 
 The first meeting for the formation of the Anti-Corn Law Association, was 
 held at the York Hotel, September 24. 
 
 The last races at Heaton Park, September. The Manchester Cup was won 
 by the Earl of Wilton. The race for the Heaton Park Stakes was remarkable 
 for the fall of Harkaway and Cruikseen. (Procter's Our Turf, &c, p. 62.) 
 
 Mr. Andrew "Ward, professor of music, died October 6, aged 49. At the age 
 of eighteen Mr. Ward was the leader of the band of the Theatre Royal, and was 
 the first to introduce into Manchester Logicr's system of teaching music. 
 
 Miss Eleanor Byrom, daughter of Edward Byrom, founder of St. John's 
 Church, died October 8, aged 82 years. With a large fortune, she inherited a 
 generous and loving heart, which prompted her to acts of charity and bene- 
 ficence. She left about £4,000 to different charities in t his town. Miss Byrom 
 was buried in the Byrom Chapel of the Collegiate Church.
 
 204 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1839 
 
 The centres of the arch of "Victoria Bridge washed down by a flood, 
 October 16. Mr. Gannon, the contractor, in endeavouring to secure them, had 
 his leg broken. 
 
 Mr. A. W. Paulton delivered his first lecture against the Corn Laws in the 
 Corn Exchange, October 25. 
 
 The Ancoats Lyceum, Great Ancoats Street, was opened, October. 
 ' The royal charter constituting Manchester a borough received, Nov. 1. 
 
 The sum of £20,000 was raised at a meeting held in the Wesleyan Methodist 
 Chapel, Oldham Street, November 7, for the purpose of commemorating the 
 centenary of the founding of that religious body by the Rev. John Wesley. 
 
 Carpenters' Hall, Garratt Road, opened November 12. This building, which 
 cost about £4,500, was erected at the sole cost of the journeymen whose name 
 it bears. 
 
 The Chorlton-upon-Medlock Lyceum was opened December 8. 
 
 The election of councillors for the fifteen wards into which Manchester was 
 divided by the charter, December 14. Mr. John Hyde was the returning officer. 
 
 At the first meeting of the Council, Mr. Thomas Potter was appointed 
 mayor and Mr. Joseph Heron town clerk. December 15. 
 
 The Manchester Chamber of Commerce sent a petition to Parliament to 
 abolish the Corn Laws. December. 
 
 A volume of Social Hymns for the Use of the Friends of a Rational 
 System of Society was published at Salf ord. The compiler or author was Mr. 
 G. A. Fleming. 
 
 1839. 
 
 Manchester Chronicle and Salf ord Standard published Jan. 5 by Joseph 
 Leicester, 4, St. Ann's Street. This revival of Wheeler's Chronicle lasted until 
 December 31, 1842. 
 
 The centres of the arch of Victoria Bridge, and the octagon chimney, 164 
 feet 7 inches high, at Mr. Paton's works, Cornbrook, thrown down during the 
 tremendous gale, January 7. The latter was reared May 28, 1836. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Knight died January 17. He was for some time curate at St. 
 James's, where he succeeded Dr. C. Bayley as incumbent, but in 1816 he became 
 vicar of Bradford. {Palatine Note-book, vol. 3, p. 147.) 
 
 A great Anti-Corn-Law dinner held in the Corn Exchange, January 23. 
 
 Mr. Darcy Lever, of Alki'^.gton, near this town, died at his house, Heriot 
 Row, Edinburgh, January 22. He was the last direct male representative of the 
 ancient family of Lever, of Great Lever, Darcy Lever, and Little Lever, but 
 latterly of Kersal, Collyhurst, and Alkrington Halls. Mr. Lever, like his 
 grandfather, Sir Darcy, and his uncle, Sir Ashton, was a liberal promoter of 
 literature, science, and the arts. 
 
 Mr. William Bateman, of Pendleton, died January 25, aged 73. He was the 
 original founder and zealous supporter of the Deaf and Dumb Institution of 
 this town. 
 
 Prince Louis Napoleon Bonaparte visited Manchester, and inspected 
 vai'ious manufactories and public buildings, January 29. 
 
 Dr. William Hibbert died January 31, at Shukar Ghars, a jungle in Scinde. 
 He was an officer of the Queen's Royals, and having gone out shooting with
 
 1839] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 20i 
 
 two other officers, and the jungle having been set on fire to force the -wild 
 animals from the covert, the wind changed and the three unfortunate men 
 were surrounded by the flames, in which they perished. There was some sus- 
 picion of treachery. Dr. Hibbert, who was only 26 years of age, was a son of 
 Dr. Hibbert- Ware. 
 
 Elizabeth Potts, widow, daughter of James Barnes, of this town, died Feb. 
 3, in the Manchester Workhouse, at the alleged age of 102. She was born in 
 May, 1737, and baptised at the Collegiate Church in September, it is said, of the 
 same year. 
 
 A fire occurred at the Manchester Cotton Mills, in Miller Street, in the 
 occupation of Mr. Beaver, February 19. 
 
 Mr. Fergus O'Connor, M.P., was arrested in Manchester, and tried at York 
 Assizes, March 16, for seditious libel in the publication of three speeches in the 
 Northern Star, one of them delivered at Manchester by William Dean Taylor, 
 He was found guilty, and was sentenced to eighteen months' imprisonment in 
 York Castle. 
 
 George Whittaker, aged 33, attempted to murder his wife in Club Bow, 
 Oldham Boad, March 17. He received sentence of death August 14, but this 
 was commuted to transportation. 
 
 The key-stone of the arch of Victoria Bridge was set by Mr. Humphrey 
 Trafford, March 23. 
 
 Benjamin Bobert Haydon visited Manchester for the purpose of apprentic- 
 ing his son Frank, as an engineer, to Fairbairn. He took lodgings for his boy 
 at 99, Mill Street, Ancoats. March 25. 
 
 Mr. James Chapman, attorney, appointed first coroner for the borough of 
 Manchester, April 8. 
 
 Colonel John Ford, formerly of Claremont, near this town, died April 15, at 
 Abbeyfield, near Sandbach, Cheshire. He was colonel of one of the Manchester 
 Volunteer regiments, and also one of the feoffees of Chetham's Hospital. 
 
 Anti-Corn Law Circular, No. 1, April 17, was published by the Anti-Corn- 
 Law Association. 
 
 Mr. J. F. Foster was appointed recorder of the borough of Manchester April 
 18, but resigned in May. 
 
 2 Victoria. Act for effecting improvements in the streets and other places 
 within and contiguous to the town of Manchester. April 19. 
 
 A contribution entitled "A Week in Manchester" appeared in Blackwood! 8 
 Magazine for April, and was immediately replied to in a pamphlet called A 
 Feiv Days at Manchester, by Whitewood and Co., Manchester.- 
 
 The Hope Street Schools, Oldfield Boad, were opened in April, 
 
 The Manchester Institution for the Illustration and Encouragement of 
 Practical Science was established in April. 
 
 The Ladies' Bazaar for the benefit of the Female Penitentiary, May S and 9, 
 realised £1,000. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Cooper, M.D., LL.D., died at Columbia, South Carolina, May 11. 
 Born at London October 22, 1759, he was educated at Oxford, was called to the 
 bar, and also studied medicine. His democratic principles led him to France, 
 and his four months in Paris he afterwards declared to be the happiest period 
 of bis life. Here he learnt a process for makiug chlorine from common salt, and
 
 206 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1839 
 
 settled in Manchester as a bleacher. He became obnoxious to the Government 
 for his liberal sentiments, and his house, with that of Mr. Thomas Walker, 
 was attacked in a " Church and King" riot in 1790. He left England with Dr. 
 Priestley, and in 1795 he established himself as a lawyer in Pennsylvania. In 
 1799 he was imprisonedjand fined for a libel on President John Adams. In 1806 
 he became a land commissioner and afterward a judge, but was removed in 1811 
 on a charge of arbitrary conduct. He was professor of chemistry at two 
 colleges, and wrote numerous works on politics and law. 
 
 Major-General Daniel Seddon, the youngest surviving son of the late Mr. 
 John Seddon, of Acres Barn, died May 18, in Paris, aged 78. Seddon, who was 
 educated at the Grammar School, entered the army and was several years in 
 the East Indies, and one of the few who survived thirteen months' imprison, 
 ment in the dungeon of Chiteledroog. He afterwards served in Russia and 
 Egypt ; and during the rebellion in Ireland he received the thanks of the 
 county of Antrim for his defence of the town of Antrim from the rebels. 
 Sword in hand, at the head of 26 dragoons, he charged the rebels, who had 
 posted themselves to the number of 500 in the principal street. He was one of 
 the only three who survived. He was afterwards appointed inspecting field 
 officer in the northern district, and had the rank of major-general conferred 
 upon him for training Portuguese troops. 
 
 Manchester and Leeds Railway was opened as far as Littleborough, June 4. 
 
 2 Victoria, cap. 17. Act to enable the trustees of the estates devised by 
 William Hulme, Esquire, to appropriate certain parts of the accumulated fund 
 arising from the said estates towards the endowment of benefices, the building 
 of churches, and for other purposes. June 14. 
 
 The police, organised by the new corporation of the borough, commenced 
 their duties, Monday, June 17. 
 
 Mr. Richard Beswick appointed head constable of the borough of Manches- 
 ter, at a salary of £400 per annum, June 17. 
 
 The Borough Police Court, Brown Street, was opened June 18. It was 
 previously the Manor Court Room. 
 
 The Salford Lyceum held its first general meeting, June 19. 
 
 Victoria Bridge was opened, with a grand procession, June 20. Outside the 
 north battlement, in the panel over the key-stone, is this inscription: "This 
 bridge was built at the expense of the inhabitants of the hundred of Salford, 
 upon the site of Salford Old Bridge, of three Gothic arches, erected in the year 
 of our Lord one thousand three hundred and sixty-five. The first stone was 
 laid in the first year of the reign of Queen Victoria, and the bridge was opened 
 on the twentieth of June, in the third year of her reign, and in the year of our 
 Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine, and was, by Her Majesty's 
 permission, called 'Victoria Bridge.'" Total cost £20,800. The first vehicle 
 that crossed the bridge was a wagon belonging to Messrs. Lupton and 
 Adamthwaite, brewers, Cook Street, Salford, 
 
 Mr. John Ogden, attorney, appointed first clerk of the peace for the borough 
 of Manchester, June 24. 
 
 The first Quarter Sessions for the borough of Manchester was held June 
 26, before Mr. Robert Baynes Armstrong, recorder. 
 
 2 and 3 Victoria. Act to enable the Manchester and Birmingham Railway
 
 1839] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 207 
 
 Company to vary and extend the line of their railway, and to amend the Act 
 relating thereto. July 4. 
 
 The warehouse of Messrs. Nathans, Lloyd Street, was destroyed by fire, 
 July 17. The damage was reckoned at £12,000. 
 
 The first stone of the Hall of Science, Campfield, was laid August 5. 
 
 The first Manchester cab was made by Mr. "W. H. Beestou, of Tib Street, 
 for Mr. William White, of Spear Street, who began to ply from Piccadilly, 
 August 5: 
 
 The " Chartist holiday" began August 12. There were riots in Manchester 
 and the vicinity. 
 
 A fire in a warehouse in Dickenson Street, occupied by Saalfield and Co., 
 August 15, caused damage to the extent of £20,000. 
 
 2 and 3 Victoria, cap. 87. Act for improving the police in Manchester for 
 two years, and from thence until the end of the then next Session of Parliament. 
 August 26. 
 
 Manchester Police Bill received the royal assent, August 27. Sir Charles 
 Shaw, Knt., appointed commissioner, at a salary of £700 per annum, September. 
 He took possession of the old and new police establishments, October 17. 
 
 A full-length statue of Dr. John Dalton, by Chantrey, placed in the 
 entrance-hall of the Royal Institution, August. 
 
 Several of the Chartist leaders were tried at Chester Assizes in August. 
 At Liverpool, Edward Kiley was convicted of military training and rioting 
 near Manchester. Messrs. Bronterre O'Brien, R. J. Richardson, Rev. W. V. 
 Jackson, and others, were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. 
 
 The Unitarian Chapel, Brook Street, opened September 1. 
 
 At the election for the borough of Manchester (under the precept of Mr. T. 
 Evans, boroughreeve), 5th September, the following were the numbers at the 
 close of the poll : Mr. Robert Hyde Greg, 3,096 ; Rt. Hon. Sir George Murray, 
 knight, 2,969 ; Colonel Peyronnet Thompson, 93. 
 
 At the election for the borough of Manchester, held 6th September, under 
 the precept of Mr. Thomas Potter, the mayor of the borough, the following 
 were the numbers at the close of the poll : Mr. Robert Hyde Greg, 3,421 ; Right 
 Hon. Sir George Murray, 3,156. 
 
 The clock of St. Ann's Church was lighted with gas, September 23. 
 
 The Heaton Park Races were "removed" to Liverpool in September. 
 
 The Herald of the Future, No. 1, October 5, No. 6 (and last), March 7, 1S40. 
 The editor was George Frederick Mandley. (See under date 1S63). It includes 
 contributions by J. C. Prince, and articles introducing him to the public. The 
 six numbers were made up into a volume, but no author's name was attached. 
 
 Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart., lord of the manor, laid the first stone of All 
 Souls' Church, Every Street, Ancoats, October 26. He generously gave land 
 and property to the amount of £1,400 towards its erection and endowment. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Junction Canal, connecting the river Irwell, 
 near the Old Quay, with the Rochdale Canal, near the Albion Mills, was opened 
 October 28.' 
 
 The Manchester Geological Society held its first annual meeting, October 31. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Elsdale, high master of the Grammar School, resigned, and 
 the Rev. J. W. Richards was appointed his successor, October.
 
 208 Annals of Manchester, 
 
 F1839 
 
 Mr. Thomas Potter re-elected mayor of Manchester, November 9. 
 
 Mr. William Murdock died November 22, at Handsworth, near Birming- 
 ham, aged 86. This was the gentleman who first introduced gas into Man- 
 chester, having commenced with Messrs. Philips and Lee's factory, in Salford, 
 in 1803. Gas was first publicly exhibited in England by Messrs. Boulton and 
 Watt, Soho Works, Birmingham, on the rejoicings for the peace of Amiens 
 in 1802. 
 
 The Rev. William Robert Hay died December 10, at the rectory house, 
 Ackworth, aged 78. His father, the Hon. Edward Hay, was the third son of 
 George Henry, seventh Earl of Kinnoul, by Abigail, youngest daughter of the 
 celebrated Harley, Earl of Oxford. He received his education at Oxford, and 
 during the early part of his life devoted himself to the study of the law, and 
 when a barrister on this circuit, in 1793, married Mrs. Astley, relict of the late 
 Mr. John Astley, of Dukinfield. She was the daughter of Mr. Wagstaffe, of 
 this town. Mr. Hay now entered into holy orders, and was presented to the 
 rectory of Ackworth, in Yorkshire, by the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lan- 
 caster. In the year 1803 he succeeded Mr. Thomas Butterworth Bayley as 
 chairman of the Quarter Sessions for the Hundred of Salford, which office he 
 held until 1823, when he retired. Mr. Hay was presented to the vicarage of 
 Rochdale by the Archbishop of Canterbury, at the solicitation of the Govern- 
 ment, as a reward for the very active services he rendered during the stormy 
 period of 1818-19, and especially for his share in the Peterloo massacre. There 
 is a life of him in Howorth's Lives of the Vicars of Rochdale. 
 
 John Shawcross, for twenty-four years principal clerk to the Manchester 
 Police, died December 17, aged 66. 
 
 The general committee of the Church of England Sunday Schools was dis- 
 solved December 26. At this time only eight out of twenty-two churches were 
 connected with the Union. (Bardsley's Memorials, p. 135.) 
 
 St. Luke's Church, Cheetham Hill Road, was built by subscription. 
 
 The Athenteum, Bond Street, opened. The building was designed by Sir 
 Charles Barry, and cost nearly £9,000. (See also 1837.) 
 
 Post-office and other rooms added to the Exchange, of which the area alto- 
 gether was over 5,506 feet. The Exchange was rebuilt in 1872. 
 
 The Social Pioneer printed by Abel Hey wood. 
 
 The Chartist demonstration held on Kersal Moor was estimated by the 
 Northern Star to have been attended by half a million people. This was, of 
 course, a gross exaggeration, but it was larger than its predecessor of Sept. 2o, 
 which was said to number 300,000. (Gammage's History of the Chartist Move- 
 ment, p. 125.) 
 
 The Regenerator, a weekly, published at Manchester, to which Prince and 
 Procter were contributors. (Procter's Literary Reminiscences.) 
 
 The first edition of Fcstus was published anonymously in Manchester, 
 where the author (Mr. Philip James Bailey) was then resident. (Book Lore, 
 
 vol. L, p. 23.) 
 
 The length of main pipes laid down by the Manchester Gas Company since 
 the Gas Act of 1824 was stated to be 75 miles 426 yards. 
 
 St. Luke' Church was consecrated. 
 
 St. John the Evangelist's Church, Broughton, consecrated.
 
 1840] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 209 
 
 1840. 
 
 An Anti-Corn Law Banquet held in the Free Trade Hall, Peter Street, 
 January 13, being the first public meeting held in that building. About 4,000 
 persons attended. Mr. Daniel O'Connell, M.P., visited Manchester, and took 
 part in the banquet. 
 
 The Irwell overflowed 24th January. Captain Sleigh, chief of police, 
 finding that some cottages were surrounded by water, constructed a raft out 
 of palings and a gate, and succeeded in rescuing the inhabitants. For this he 
 received the medal of the Royal Humane Society. 
 
 A Conservative festival was held in Chorlton-upon-Medlock, January 27. 
 The Operative Conservatives of Salford gave a dinner to Sir George Murray 
 and Mr. William Garnett, February 3. 
 
 The first anniversary dinner of the Manchester Law Association was held 
 at the Blackfriars Inn, February 7. 
 
 The Manchester petition for church extension, with 10,298 signatures 
 attached, was forwarded for presentation by Sir Robert Inglis, February 14. 
 
 Mr. Jonathan Hatfield died, at Naples, 25th February. He was the son of 
 Mr. Jonathan Hatfield, merchant, of Cheetham, and was educated at Trinity 
 College, Cambridge. He was a lover of art, and resided in Italy for some years 
 before his death, and presented to the Royal Institution casts from sculpture, 
 which cost £2,000. (Baker's Memorials, p. 104.) 
 
 Mr. Henry Wyatt, an artist of distinguished excellence, died February 27, 
 aged 45. Mr. Wyatt was a native oi Thickbroome, near Leicester, and a pupil 
 of Lawrence's. From 1817 to November, 1819, he was painting portraits at 
 Birmingham ; he then removed to Liverpool and Manchester, where he con- 
 tinued till 1825, when he removed to London, but in 1837 he returned to Man- 
 chester to paint the portraits of a few friends, when he was seized with an 
 illness which proved fatal. His remains were interred at Prestwich, a locality 
 to which he was particularly attached. 
 
 Mr. Michael Wilson died, February 27, aged 77. He was a furniture 
 broker, and the author of some of the songs in The Songs of the Wilsons. 
 
 The Victoria Gallery of Science was opened for the exhibition of model3 
 and the delivery of lectures, March 2. 
 
 Messrs. Hilton and Bradshaigh and Messrs. Brookes and Dugdale's ware- 
 houses, situate in Palace Street and Callendar Street, were destroyed by fire, 
 March 4. The damage was reckoned at £7,100. 
 
 Rev. William Nunn, M.A., incumbent of St. Clement's Church, died 9th 
 March. He was a native of Colchester, and was born May 13, 1786. After 
 several country curacies, he came to Manchester, where the living of St. 
 Clement's was purchased for him. He was very active as a clergyman, and 
 acquired great influence. Several of his sermons have been printed. His 
 Memoirs, edited by Rev. R. Pym, appeared in 1842. 
 
 Mr. James Bottomley died at Cheetwood, March 15, aged 73. He had been 
 a lieutenant in the 15th Foot, and was the engraver of a number of interesting 
 local prints. 
 
 Mr. George Beswick, one of the 72nd, or Manchester Volunteers, who 
 served at the siege of Gibraltar, died at Bolton, March 25, aged 79. 
 
 O
 
 210 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1840 
 
 A building situated in Little Lever Street, and occupied by Mr. Jones, Mr. 
 Johnson, and Messrs. Elce and Co., as machine shops, was destroyed by fire 
 March 31. The damage was £6,000. 
 
 3 Victoria, cap. 15. Act to enable the Manchester and Salford Junction 
 Canal Company to raise a further sum of money, and to alter, amend, and 
 enlarge some of the powers and provisions of the Act relating to the said canal. 
 April 3. 
 
 A poll took place for the election of churchwardens, there being two lists 
 presented, one by Mr. George Clarke and the other by Mr. Richard Cobden, 
 which terminated in favour of Mr. Clarke's list by a majority of 4,178, the 
 numbers being— for Mr. Clarke's list, 9,942 ; for Mr. Cobden's list, 5,764. April. 
 Messrs. Renshaw and Co.'s flax mill, Adelphi, Salford, was destroyed by 
 fire, May 3. The damage was estimated at £2,000. 
 
 Mr. Adam Mort, of Davyhulme, one of the few surviving heroes of the 72nd, 
 who served at the siege of Gibraltar, died May 31, aged 89. 
 
 The Manchester and Birmingham Railway was opened to the public as far 
 as Stockport, June 4. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Calvert, D.D., warden of the Collegiate Church, died June 4, 
 aged 65. He was born at Newsham, near Preston, and his father's name was 
 Jackson, but in 1819 he assumed the name of Calvert in consequence of a fortune 
 left him by a friend of that name. Dr. Calvert was a pupil of Wilson at Clitheroe, 
 and thence proceeded to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he was fourth 
 wrangler. Lord Liverpool admired his preaching, and presented him to the 
 rectory of Wilmslow, but the right of the Crown to this patronage was con- 
 tested, and it was found to be vested in the family of Trafford of Trafford, who 
 were Roman Catholics. When the wardenship fell vacant it was offered to 
 him. Several of his sermons have been printed. Dr. Calvert succeeded to the 
 wardenship upon the death of the late Dr. Blackburne in 1823. He was 
 interred in the Collegiate Church, June 11. 
 
 Mr. W. Clarke, bookseller, Market Place, died at his residence, Plymouth 
 Grove, June 15. 
 
 The Right Hon." Thomas Reynolds, Earl Ducie, F.R.S., F.S.A., died 
 at his seat, Woodchester, near Cirencester, June 22, aged 65 years. 
 
 The Hon. and Rev. William Herbert, LL.D., B.D., was installed into 
 
 the wardensliip of the Collegiate Church upon the death of Dr. Calvert, July 9. 
 
 Mr. W. S. Rutter, the coroner for the district, appeared at the Borough 
 
 Court to answer a charge of assault upon Mr. Chapman, the coroner for the 
 
 borough, and was held to bail to answer the charge at the sessions. July 14. 
 
 A meeting of Chartist delegates held 20th July, at which it was resolved to 
 organise the "National Charter Association of Great Britain." The Manchester 
 delegate, William Tillman, was appointed secretary. (Gammage's History of 
 the Chartist Movement, p- 199.) 
 
 3 and 4 Victoria, cap. 30. Act for the more equal assessment of police-rates 
 in Manchester, Birmingham, and Bolton, and to make better provision for the 
 f Mce in Birmingham, for one year, and to the end of the then next session of 
 Parliament. July 23. 
 
 Two nephews of the King of Ashantee visited the town, and inspected the 
 various manufacturing establishments and public buildings. July.
 
 1840] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 211 
 
 The title of the warden and fellows of the Collegiate Church of Man- 
 chester was, by an Act of Parliament, changed to that of dean and canons, 
 August 11. 
 
 The Chartist leaders, Dr. Peter Murray MacDouall, and John Collins, on 
 their release from Chester Castle Prison, entered Manchester in procession 
 22nd August, and were entertained at dinner in Carpenters' Hall, under the 
 chairmanship of the Rev. James Scholefield. (Gammage's History of the 
 Chartist Movement, p. 202.) 
 
 Mr. Thomas Jewsbury, the father of Miss M. J. Jewsbury (Mrs. Fletcher) 
 and of Miss G. E. Jewsbury, died August 28, aged 79. 
 
 The Old Quay Company commenced the deepening of the river Irwell up to 
 Victoria Bridge, so as to enable vessels of 300 tons to come into the centre of 
 the town, but the project was never fully carried out. August. 
 
 A new Post Office, under the Borough Court in Brown Street, was opened 
 for public business, September 7. • 
 
 Mr. Jeremiah Fielding died, September 7, aged 64. In 1S12 he filled the 
 office of boroughreeve of Manchester. 
 
 The first stone of the Lancashire Independent College at Withington was 
 laid by Bev. Dr. Raffles, of Liverpool, September 23. A large scaffolding 
 erected for the convenience of visitors gave way, and many ladies were severely 
 bruised, but fortunately none were killed. 
 
 Mr. John Walton, for upwards of 50 years drawing master in this town, 
 died at Croydon, in Surrey, September 30, aged 79. 
 
 The Manchester and Leeds Railway was opened from Leeds to Hebden 
 Bridge, October 9. 
 
 The Mormon missionaries and disciples in Manchester claimed to possess 
 " the gift of tongues," and one of them was put to the test, 12th October. Elder 
 James Mahon having declared to Mr. Thomas Taylor, of the Mason Street Saw- 
 mills, that he was willing to appear before anyone who might be selected, and 
 convince them of his inspiration, a formal meeting was held. Some Hebrew 
 was read to him, which he could not understand. He then spoke what he 
 declared to be Hebrew, but the teacher of languages, who was the referee, 
 declared that there was not a word of Hebrew in his jargon,— See An Account 
 of the Complete Failure, &c, by Thomas Taylor (Manchester, 1810). 
 
 A large building, situated in Peter Street, belonging to Mr. Hobson, carrier, 
 but occupied by various tenants, was destroyed by fire, October 15. The 
 damage thus caused was between £4,000 and £5,000. 
 
 Mr. David Bellhouse, builder, died October IS, aged 77. 
 Mr. William Neild elected to the mayoralty, being the second mayor, 
 November 9. 
 
 The following placard was posted in the town of Manchester : " The bell- 
 man of Manchester and Salford.— Not ice is hcr<!>;/ given, that William Sher- 
 man, post-office keeper, of New Windsor, Salford, and of No. 3, Old Millgate, 
 Market Pkice, Manchester, is duly appointed to the office of bellman of the 
 towns of Manchester and Salford; the appointment of which exclusively 
 belongs to Arabella Penelope Eliza Hoare, wife of Peter Richard Hoare, of 
 Kelsey Park, in the county of Kent, esquire, as one of the descendants of the 
 Chetham family, formerly of Clayton Hall and Turton Tower, in this
 
 212 Annals of Manchester. i8«, 
 
 county. Any person found trespassing after this notice upon his rights and 
 privileges will be prosecuted.— Barrett, Ridgway, and Ford, solicitors for 
 Mr. and Mrs. Hoare.— Norfolk Street, Nov. 17, 1840." (Palatine Note-book, 
 vol. ii., p. 221.) 
 
 All Souls' Church, Ancoats, was consecrated November 18. It was erected 
 at a cost of £4,000. The first stone was laid October 25, 1839. The first incum- 
 bent was the Rev. Samuel Warren, who had been expelled from the Wesleyan 
 Connexion, as the result of the Fly-sheets controversy. He was the father of 
 Mr. Samuel Warren, Q.C., the novelist. 
 
 The Union Carrying Company's warehouses, Piccadilly, destroyed by fire, 
 and the damage was estimated at £30,000. December 20. 
 
 The first election of guardians under the new Poor Law took place Dec. 29. 
 
 Mr. Charles Cudmore, professor of music, and composer of the Martyr of 
 Antioch, an oratorio, died December 29, aged 53. 
 
 The marriage of Queen Victoria was celebrated by public dinners at various 
 places in Manchester and Salford, and the several public and private insti- 
 tutions were thrown open to the public. In the evening there was a partial 
 illumination, 
 
 The Derby Chapel, in the Collegiate Church, was repaired and new roofed 
 at the expense of the Earl of Derby. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Potter received the honour of knighthood upon presenting an 
 address of congratulation, adopted by the Town Council, to the Queen, on her 
 escape from assassination by Oxford. 
 
 1841. 
 
 Richard Dunstan, Governor of the New Bailey, resigned January 9, and 
 was succeeded by Mr. Boult, March 11. 
 
 A bazaar held in the Town Hall, in aid of the Salford, Chorlton, and 
 Ancoats Lyceums, January 11, 12, 13, and 14. The proceeds amounted to 
 £1,012 9s. 8d. 
 
 Mr. Patrick M'Morland, artist, for many years resident in this town, died 
 January 26, at Everton, aged 99. 
 
 Messrs. Crafts and Stell's warehouse, George Street, together with other 
 warehouses and private dwellings, were destroyed by fire, February 8. The 
 damage was estimated at £1,800. 
 
 Mr. Edward Clive Bayley, son of T. B. Bayley, died at St. Petersburg, Feb. 
 22, aged 65. His only son was the late Sir Edward Clive Bayley, K.C.S.L, who 
 was born in St. Petersburg in October, 1821. He entered the Indian Civil 
 Service in 1842. After holding various offices, he was, in March, 1862, made 
 Home Secretary to the Government of India, and in 1873 was appointed an 
 ordinary member of the Supreme Council, which position he resigned in April, 
 1878. He was created K.C.S.L on January 1, 1877, and died April 30, 18S4. 
 (Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1834, pp. 3 to 5.) 
 
 The validity of the charter for the incorporation of Manchester was con- 
 firmed by the judges of the Court of Queen's Bench. February 22. 
 
 Mr. William Sharp, George Street, died February 23, aged 87. 
 
 An ancient ford, near Broughton Bridge, was reopened by the surveyors 
 of Salford and Broughton, February 27.
 
 1841] Annals of Manchester. 213 
 
 Manchester and Leeds Railway was opened throughout, March 1. 
 
 Mr. Hamer Hargreaves died March 5. This gentleman left upwards of 
 £1,000, together with his valuable collection of music and musical instruments, 
 for the formation of " The Hargreaves Choral Society." The first concert was 
 given in the Wellington Rooms, Peter Street, November 25. 
 
 William Hampson attempted to murder Frances Bostock, a woman with 
 whom he cohabited, by cutting her throat. The wounds subsequently caused 
 her death, March 8. He was transported for life. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Leeming Grundy, the well-known engraver in line, died 
 March 10, in Camden Town. Mr. Grundy was born at Bolton, January 6, 1S0S, 
 and served his apprenticeship in Manchester, from whence he went to London 
 for improvement, and subsequently engraved many fine plates. 
 
 4 Victoria, cap. 8. Act to enable the Company of Proprietors of the Man- 
 chester and Salford Waterworks to raise a further sum of money, and to 
 amend the Acts relating thereto. April 6. 
 
 Commodore Sir Charles Napier visited Manchester on his return to this 
 country from the East, and attended a public dinner at the Town Hall, April 21. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Oldfield, of the White Bear, Piccadilly, died April 26. It 
 was said of him that he " might not inaptly be styled the Peter Pindar of Lan- 
 cashire. His wit was keen and brilliant, his humour rough, but full of living 
 nature. Had he been possessed of the advantages of a good education and 
 more refined society in early life, he would have left a name in literature." 
 
 Bradshaw's Manchester Journal, No. 1, was published May 1. It was 
 edited by George Falkner. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Sharp, senior partner in the firm of Sharp, Roberts, and Co., 
 died May 20. His remains were accompanied to the grave by 600 of the work- 
 men of the firm, and by 150 of the principal gentry of the town. 
 
 The seventh Socialist Congress (which was the second of the Universal 
 Community Society of Rational Religionists) was held in May, and extended 
 over seventeen days. 
 
 A riot occurred between the Anti-Corn Law Leaguers and the Chartists, at 
 a meeting held by the former party in Stevenson Square. June 2. 
 
 At the election for Salford, July 2, when Mr. Joseph Brotherton was again 
 returned, the numbers were : Mr. J. Brotherton, 990 ; Mr. W. Garnett, 873. 
 
 Lord Francis Egerton and the Hon. Richard Bootle Wilbraham returned, 
 without opposition, as representatives for South Lancashire, July 7. 
 
 Part of a wing of Messrs. Kelly and Gilmour's factory, in Bradford Road, 
 fell down. Four men were killed. July 9. 
 
 Messrs. Daintry, Ryle, and Co.'s bank stopped payment in July. 
 
 Mr. Lin Dillon died August 21, aged 80. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Joseph Traflbrd, of Trafford Park, created a baronet, Aug. 21. 
 
 The first stone] was laid of St. Bartholomew's Church, Regent Road. It 
 was the first of ten new churches erected in this neighbourhood. The ground 
 was given'by Mr. Wilbraham Egerton. The style is Norman, after the design 
 of Messrs. Starke; and Cullley, of Manchester. August 30. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. George Berkeley Molyneux, brother to the 
 Earl of Sefton, died August 27, at London. This gentleman having expressed 
 a wish to be interred where the 8th Hussars (his regiment) were then quar-
 
 ^14 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 ri84i 
 
 tered, his remains were brought to this town, and were buried at St. George's 
 Church, Hulme, September 3. 
 
 The first stone was laid of St. Matthias's Church, Broughton Road, Salford, 
 September 6. The style is Norman. The church was designed by Mr. E. 
 "Walters. 
 
 Charles Poulett Thomson, Lord Sydenham, died in Canada, 19th September. 
 He was born in 1799, and was M.P. for Manchester 1832-39. He was then 
 made Governor-General of Canada, and on 19th August, 1840, was created 
 Baron Sydenham, but died before he could take his seat in the House of 
 Lords. 
 
 The foundation stone of the National and Infants' School, Miller Street,, 
 laid September 29. The ground was given by Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart. The 
 lower part is known as Leadenhall Market. The erection cost about £1,400, 
 towards which Government gave £418, the National Society £250, and the rest 
 was raised by subscription. Mr. R. Goldsmith was the architect. 
 
 A cartload of petitions, sent from Manchester, praying the Queen not to 
 prorogue Parliament till the distress of the people was taken into consideration, 
 October 7. 
 
 Mr. J. S. Thomas, late deputy-constable of Manchester,' died October 11. 
 
 By the bursting of a steam boiler at Messrs. Elce and Co.'s works, 
 Jersey Street, eight men were killed and several others wounded. 
 October 13. 
 
 The first stone was laid of St. Silas's Church, Higher Ardwick, Octo- 
 ber 15. It was designed by Messrs. Starkey and Cuffiey, and is in the 
 Norman style. 
 
 The foundation stone was laid by Mr. Hugh Hornby Birley of a church 
 dedicated to St. Simon and St. Jude, Granby Row. It was designed by Mr. E. 
 Walters, and is in the early English style of architecture. October 28. 
 
 Mr. George Condy, barrister-at-law, editor and joint proprietor of the 
 Manchester and Salford Advertiser, and one of the Commissioners of Bank- 
 ruptcy, died November 4. Mr. Condy had the reputation of an accomplished 
 scholar. He was a critic and dramatist, as well as a politician. 
 
 John Pollitt, aged 52, and George Pollitt, brothers, were interred at 
 Rusholme Road Cemetery, November 16. They were followed to the grave by 
 their venerable father, William Pollitt, of Dyche Street, who was said to have 
 attained the age of 104. He was accompanied by his great-great-grandson, 
 aged 21 years. 
 
 A meeting of 120 delegates from various parts of the kingdom was held in 
 Manchester " to consider the best means which should be taken previous to 
 the reassembling of Parliament to promote the repeal of the Corn Laws." 
 November 17. 
 
 The foundation stone of Holy Trinity Church, Hulme, laid, December 2, by 
 the Hon. and Rev. William Herbert. It was consecrated June 28, 1843, by Dr. 
 Sumner, Bishop of Chester! The architects were Mr. (afterwards Sir) Gilbert 
 Scott and Mr. MofFatt. The cost of erection, over £18,000, was defrayed by 
 Miss Eleanora Atherton. 
 
 The Bridgewater Viaduct, Knot Mill, opened, December 3. Dr. William 
 Fleming performed the ceremony by driving over the road in his carriage.
 
 1841] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 21 5 
 
 John Massey died in the workhouse, New Bridge Street, and was buried 
 at St. Mark's, Cheetham Hill, 6th December. He was born 29th January, 1774, 
 and was by trade a builder, but had some reputation as a teacher of music. 
 He is said to have written about 26 psalm and hymn tunes. (City News Notes 
 and Queries, vol. i., p. 270.) Some of his compositions appear in Holford's Voce 
 de Mclodia. 
 
 A calender house, situated in Bateman's Buildings, Deansgate, was burned 
 down December 31. The damage was estimated to be between £4,000 and £5,000. 
 
 Mr. Luke Hadfleld appointed Governor of Chetham's Hospital on the 
 resignation of Mr. George Crossley. 
 
 A fire at the Beehive Cotton Mill, Jersey Street, caused damage to the 
 extent of £14,000. 
 
 Mr. Mark Philips and Mr. Thomas Milner Gibson were returned as repre- 
 sentatives of Manchester. The numbers polled for the respective candidates 
 were as follows : Philips, 3,695 ; Gibson, 3,575 ; Sir George Murray, 3,115 ; "W. 
 Entwistle, 2,692. June 30. 
 
 The Wesleyan Conference which met at Manchester this year resolved 
 that unfermented wine should not be used for the sacrament ; that no chapel 
 should be used for total abstinence meetings ; and that no preacher should go 
 into another circuit to advocate total abstinence without first obtaining the con- 
 sent of the superintendent. This bigoted and foolish action was, according to 
 the epigrammatic phrase, worse than a crime — it was a blunder— and led to 
 much controversy and unpleasant feeling. The policy it indicated has since 
 been to a large extent reversed. 
 
 On the release of the Chartist leaders O'Conor and O'Brien, they entered 
 Manchester in procession. 
 
 Two vessels were towed by the Jack Sharp steamer to Victoria Bridge. 
 These, which were laden with oats, cotton, &c, were the first to arrive after the 
 deepening of the river. The names of the vessels were the Lingard and the Mary. 
 
 A subscription was raised for celebrating the birth of the Prince of "Wales ; 
 but owing to the great distress existing among the working classes the 
 amount (£2,800) was expended in blankets, coverlets, and flannel, and distri- 
 buted by ticket to the most deserving. 6,500 tickets were issued. 
 
 The first meeting at which Christian ministers appeared in any numbers 
 to advocate the repeal of the Corn Laws was on the occasion of a tea party 
 given to Mr. George Thompson in the Corn Exchange. 
 
 There were 1,267 public-houses and beerhouses in Manchester and Salford. 
 
 Mr. Thelwell, silversmith, St. Ann's Square, charged with being concerned 
 in the robbery of his own premises, he being then bankrupt. After several 
 examinations he was discharged. The amount of property stolen was nearly 
 £3,000. 
 
 The population of the municipal borough of Manchester at the fifth census 
 was 2135,162 ; that of the Parliamentary borough was 212,983. The population 
 of Salford, including Broughton, was 53,200, and of the Parliamentary boroimh 
 60,624. 
 
 Mr. James Clough, M.D., died at Torquay. He was born in Manchester in 
 1771. He was the author of Observations on Pregnancy and the Diseases 
 Incident to that Period. 1796.
 
 216 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1842 
 
 1842. 
 
 By a fire at Messrs. Parr, Curtis, and Co.'s machine works, Store Street, 
 damage was done to the extent of £9,000. January 4. 
 
 Mr. John Dickenson died January 11, at his residence, Mistley Hall, Essex. 
 The family of Dickenson, of Birch, of whom the deceased was the survivor , 
 had been long connected with this town. Their residence was formerly in 
 Market Street ; and when Prince Charles Edward arrived here in 1745 it was 
 selected for his head-quarters. Mr. Dickenson married Mary, the only child of 
 the Hon. Charles Hamilton, of Northampton, by whom he had one daughter, 
 who married, in 1815, General Sir W. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.B., and died in 
 1837, leaving seven surviving children. 
 
 Mr. James Brierley, of Mossley Moss Hall, near Congleton, and formerly 
 of Ardwick, died January 13. He acted for many years as a magistrate for 
 this town, and served the office of boroughreeve two years consecutively, 
 1820-21. 
 
 Mr. John Fletcher, twenty-five years one of the directors of the Gentlemen's 
 Concerts in this town, died January 16. 
 
 A building in Alum Street, Great Ancoats Street, was destroyed by fire 
 January 24. The damage was about £1,500. 
 
 A great Anti-Corn-Law Bazaar was held at the Theatre Royal, which had 
 been fitted up for the purpose. The proceeds amounted to £9,000. January 31. 
 
 Owing to the great distress existing among the working classes, the 
 Society of Friends opened a large soup kitchen in Bale Street. January. 
 
 The Phonographic Journal issued, January. This was the first phonetic 
 paper ever issued. Mr. Isaac Pitman gave the following account, at a meeting 
 held in the Town Hall in 1868: "Although phonography itself was not born 
 here, the Phonetic Journal was. In the winter of 1841 I was teaching classes 
 and lecturing in this city, and being in the office of Messrs. Bradshaw and 
 Blacklock, two very good men whom I am happyjto see here to-night (Mr. John 
 Barnes and Mr. Timothy Walker), who were then in the office, said : ' "We can 
 do something to promote" your object in this way. If you will write a page of 
 shorthand on a particular kind of paper, with a particular kind of ink, which 
 we will supply, we will produce you an exact printed copy of it.' I did not 
 know it could be done. I knew nothing of lithography then. I wrote it in Mr. 
 Bradshaw's counting-house, and they directly put it upon the stone, and 
 brought me a facsimile of my own writing. I took a sheet of transfer paper 
 home to my lodgings, wrote out the first number of the Phonographic Journal, 
 as it was then called, which you see here [exhibiting to the audience the 
 Journal for 1842], and they printed a thousand copies for me. I circulated 
 several hundred of them during the remainder of my stay in Manchester, sent 
 some to my London publisher, and took the rest to Glasgow." 
 
 Mr. William Grant, of Spring Side, a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant of 
 the county, died Feb. 28, aged 72. Mr. Grant's benevolence was well known 
 and extensively felt by hundreds of his poorer townsmen. His portrait, and 
 that of his brother, have been well drawn by Mr. Dickens, as the "Brothers 
 Cheeryble," in Nicholas Niclcleby. 
 
 A petition, praying for a repeal of the Corn Laws, was despatched to
 
 1842] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 217 
 
 London, signed by 75,000 women, and at the same time 1,300 other petitions 
 were sent, emanating from as many different firms in this town. February. 
 
 A parcel containing 1,500 sovereigns and £500 in notes was stolen from the 
 Blackburn coach, February. It was the property of Messrs. Cunliffe, Brooks, 
 and Co., bankers. The robbers were convicted and transported for life. 
 
 Ann, relict of the late Mr. Thomas Ainsworth, of this town, and mother of 
 Mr. W. Harrison Ainsworth, died March 15, at Kensal Green, near London. 
 She was the only daughter of the Rev. Ralph Harrison, formerly one of the 
 ministers of Cross Street Chapel. 
 
 Mr. Fergus O'Connor, M.P., laid the foundation of a monument to the 
 momory of Mr. Henry Hunt, the Radical Reformer, in Mr. Scholefield's 
 Chapelyard, Every Street, Ancoats. March 25. 
 
 Batty's Circus, Great Bridgewater Street, was burned down March 26. 
 
 Three men were killed by the bursting of a steam boiler at Messrs. 
 Gisborne and Wilson's printworks, Pendleton, April 4. 
 
 5 Victoria, sess. 2, cap. 1. Act to extend the provisions of an Act of the 48th 
 of King George the Third relative to the Manchester Royal Infirmary, Dis- 
 pensary, and Lunatic Hospital or Asylum, and to incorporate the trustees 
 thereof. April 22. 
 
 Mr. Donald Fraser, formerly quarter-master of the Lancashire militia, died 
 April 22, aged 72. 
 
 The Manchester and Birmingham Railway was opened from Stockport to 
 Sandbach, May 10. 
 
 Rev. Francis Beardsall died June 25th on board a vessel bound for New 
 York, and his body was committed to the waters. He was born at the Tontine 
 Inn, Sheffield, September 6th, 1799, and educated at the Baptist Theological 
 Academy. In 1834 he became pastor of the General Baptist Chapel, Oak Street, 
 and having signed the temperance, pledge, Sept. 6th, became a leader of the 
 teetotal movement. He manufactured an unfermented wine for sacramental 
 use, and wrote a treatise on Scripture Wines, and a Temperance Hymn Book, 
 Df which many thousands have been sold. He was co-editor with Rev. Joseph 
 Barker of the Star of Temperance. Intending to visit the United States, Mr. 
 Beardsall embarked for New York, May 13th, 1842, but suffered much during 
 the protracted voyage, and did not reach the American shore. He was a man 
 of unselfish and ardent temperament, who did much good in a too short life. 
 
 The merchants of Manchester presented an address at the Town Hall to 
 the Hon. Edward Everett, the American ambassador, who was staying with 
 Mr. Alexander Henry at the Woodlands, June 25. 
 
 St. Matthias's Church, Broughton Road, Salford, was consecrated June- 27. 
 
 St. Bartholomew's Church, Regent Road, was consecrated June 27. 
 
 St. Simon's and St. Jude's Church, Granby Row, was consecrated June 28. 
 
 St. Jude's Church, Canal Street, Ancoats, was consecrated June 28. The build- 
 ing, a plain brick one, and previously in the occupation of the Tent Methodists, 
 has since been pulled down, and a stone edifice erected in Mill Street. The 
 site of the old building was afterwards devoted to the day and Sunday schools. 
 
 The twelfth annual meeting of the British Association for the Advance- 
 ment of Science was held in this town, with Lord Francis Egerton as president. 
 The sittings terminated June 30.
 
 218 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1842 
 
 Giles Bedford, aged 90, died at Pendlebury, July 9. He was at the siege of 
 Gibraltar, in the 72nd Regiment, or Manchester Volunteers, from September 12, 
 1779, to February, 1783. 
 
 James Russell, a pugilist, killed in a fight with the " Chequer Lacl," July 
 11th. Russell was born at Manchester, April 23, 1819. He is buried in the 
 Cheetham Hill Cemetery. (Procter's Our Turf, &c, p. 86.) 
 
 Mr. Richard Potter, formerly M.P. for Wigan, and brother to the late Sir 
 Thomas Potter, died at Penzance, July 13. 
 
 The distress in the manufacturing district led to a great strike. Thousands 
 of men flocked into Manchester, August 9, with banners and bludgeons, and 
 for three days turned the workpeople out of the mills. On the 12th there was 
 a meeting of 358 Chartist delegates of the factory districts held at Man- 
 chester, when 320 voted for the continuance of the strike until the Charter was 
 repealed. Another meeting was held on the loth, and on the 16th the delegates 
 were dispersed by the police. The original reason for this gathering was the 
 completion of a monument to Henry Hunt. 
 
 John Lord, who for upwards of forty years was a bellringer at Trinity 
 Church, Salford, died August 10, aged 77. 
 
 Manchester and Birmingham Railway was opened throughout, August 10. 
 The total cost of the railway was about £1,890,000. 
 
 5 and 6 Victoria, cap. 117. Act to amend and continue until the first day of 
 October, 1842, the Acts regulating the police of Manchester, Birmingham, and 
 Bolton. August 12. 
 
 The Salford old police office was sold for £40 and a chief rent of £21, Aug. 24. 
 
 There were alarming riots in Manchester and neighbourhood, arising from 
 want of employment and dearness of food. August. 
 
 There was a six weeks' strike of the factory operatives. It began in 
 August. (City Neivs Notes and Queries, vol. i., p. 292.) 
 
 Francis Bradley was executed September 3, at Liverpool, for the murder 
 of his wife in Goulden Street, Manchester. 
 
 Messrs. Kendal, Milne, and Faulkner, of the Bazaar, Deansgate, first 
 lighted their establishment with the Bude light, September 4. 
 
 The first Manchester and Salford Regatta was held on the river Irwell 
 September 12. 
 
 Mr. Peter Ewart died at the Royal Dockyard, Woolwich, Sept. 15, in conse- 
 quence of a severe injury inflicted by the sudden breaking of a chain, while he 
 was superintending the removal of a large boiler. He was born at Troquain 
 Manse, Dumfriesshire, but came to Manchester before 1798, when he was elected 
 a member of the Literary and Philosophical Society, of which he became vice- 
 president in 1812. In 1835 he became chief engineer and inspector of machinery 
 in "Woolwich Dockyards. (Literary and Philosophical Memoirs, 3rd series, 
 vol. vii., p. 121.) 
 
 Messrs. Lockwood and Thornton's cotton mill, Blackfriars Street, Salford, 
 was burned down September 17. The damage was about £18,000. 
 
 The control of the whole of the borough police force was transferred to the 
 Corporation by Sir Charles Shaw, whose term of office expired September 30. 
 Sir Charles was appointed by Government during the dispute as to the legality 
 of the charter of incorporation.
 
 1S42] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 219 
 
 St. Silas's Church, Ashton Old Road, was consecrated October 10. 
 Messrs. Ellis and Norton's machine shop, opposite the New Bailey Prison, 
 was burnt down October 15. The damage was estimated at £14,000. 
 
 Captain Willis was appointed Chief Superintendent of the Manchester 
 Police, at a salary of £450, and Mr. Beswick was retained as Superintendent 
 of the Detective Force, at a salary of £350. October 24. 
 
 Sir John Cross died at London Nov. 5. He was born at Scarborough in 1768, 
 and having been appointed Attorney -General for the county palatine, resided 
 in Manchester from 1S04 to 1819. He wrote The Papal Supremacy, &c, 1826, 
 and A Treatise on the Alien Laws. (Annual Register, 1842, p. 300 ; Legal 
 Observer, vol. xxv., p. 88.) 
 
 The large lamp, which then stood opposite to the Exchange, was lighted 
 with the Bude light, November 23. 
 
 The animals, &c, of the Manchester Zoological Gardens, Higher Broughton, 
 were sold by auction, November 23. 
 
 The Rev. Joshua Lingard, M.A., first rector of St. George's Church, Hulme, 
 died Nov. 29, aged 44. He was born in Manchester in 1798, and was in early 
 life a contributor to the Manchester Iris. There is a sketch of him in the 
 Manchester School Register, and his portrait is prefixed to his posthumous 
 manual on The Holy Communion and Eucharistical Office. As curate and 
 rector he was for fifteen years minister of St. George's. 
 
 Mr. John Knowles became lessee of the Theatre Royal, which was placed 
 under the management of Mr. Roxby, in November. 
 
 The tollbar near the Manchester Workhouse was removed, after an 
 existence of twenty-four years, December 5. 
 
 The Rev. John Morton, D.D., incumbent of St. Clement's Church, Chorlton- 
 cum-Hardy, died December 27. In Higson's Gorton Historical Recorder it is 
 stated that the Bishop of Chester took a dislike to Mr. Morton's appearance, 
 and on that ground alone refused his first application for ordination 
 in 1817. 
 
 The Manchester Chronicle discontinued December 31. This was the oldest 
 existing journal in the town, having been established in 1781. 
 
 A Manchester claimant to the estates of Sir Andrew Chadwick had a 
 curious correspondence with Sir Charles G. Young, Garter-King-at-Arms. 
 These letters are printed in the Palatine Note-book, vol. iv., p. 61. The history 
 of this extraordinary litigation is given in Reports on the Estate of Sir Andn n 
 Chadwick, by Edward Chadwick and James Boardman, to which is prefixed 
 the Life and Ilistory of Sir Andrew Chadwick, by John Oldfield Chadwick. 
 (Manchester, 1881.) 
 
 Mr. Thomas Cooper arrested for attending the Manchester Chartist Con- 
 ference, and also on a charge of arson. On the latter indictment he was tried 
 and acquitted at Stafford. 
 
 The Mayor and Town Clerk of Manchester attended divine service at the 
 Collegiate Church. This is the first time that the Corporation was recognised 
 by the Churchwardens. The seats formerly used by the boroughreeves were 
 now assigned to the mayor. 
 
 The Bank of Manchester stopped payment. The losses were stated at 
 £SOO,000 ; the liabilities £713,0S2. The failure of this bank created a panic, and
 
 220 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1343 
 
 the shareholders suffered immense loss. Burdekin, the manager, absconded 
 to America. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Cooke, Pendleton, appointed high constable of the Salford 
 Hundred. 
 
 St. Matthias's Church, Salford, was consecrated. It was enlarged in 1863. 
 
 1843. 
 
 Mr. James Emerson Tennant, M.P., was entertained at dinner at the 
 Albion Hotel, and was presented with a splendid service of plate, consisting oi 
 106 pieces, and weighing '.upwards of 3,000 ounces, January 27. It emanated 
 from a subscription entered into by the calico printers of Great Britain (which 
 amounted to £1,850), as an acknowledgment of his untiring services in procuring 
 the bill for the copyright of designs. 
 
 Messrs. Clayton and Gladstone's warehouse, Norfolk Street, was destroyed 
 by fire, January 28. The damage was £20,000. 
 
 The Free Trade Hall was opened January 30. The Anti-Corn-Law banquet 
 then held was attended by numerous M.P.'s and delegates from all parts of 
 the kingdom. This was followed by a variety of meetings connected with Free 
 Trade. The dimensions of the hall were — length, 135ft. 8in.; breadth, 102ft 6in.; 
 containing an area of 14,000 square feet. 
 
 Mr. William Bobinson, Governor of the Manchester Workhouse, died 
 February 2. 
 
 Mr. James Pigot, of the firm of Pigot and Slater, the indefatigable compiler 
 of the National Directories, died February 15, aged 74. 
 
 Mr. William Garnett, of Lark Hill, Salford, and Quermore Park, Lancaster, 
 was appointed High Sheriff. When he set off from Lark Hill to attend the 
 Assizes, February 25, there was a procession consisting of sixty carriages, con- 
 taining several hundred gentlemen of all shades of politics, accompanied by 
 the town officers. 
 
 An amateur performance took place for the benefit of the Boyal Infirmary, 
 March 14. The proceeds amounted to £349 5s. One of the pieces played was 
 written for the occasion by the Bev. Hugh Hutton, of Birmingham, and was 
 entitled St. Augustine's Eve. 
 
 A tea-party was given March 15, in honour of Mr. Isaac Pitman, the 
 inventor of phonography. 
 
 Mr. John Hull, M.D., F.L.S., died at Tavistock Square, London, March 17. 
 He was born at Poulton in 1764, and graduated at Leyden 1792. He settled in 
 Manchester, where he was Physician to the Lying-in Hospital. He was a good 
 botanist, and wrote The British Flora, 1799, and several medical treatises. 
 (Munk's Boll of the Royal College of Physicians.) He is buried at Poulton- 
 le-Fylde. 
 
 The shock of an earthquake was felt in Manchester and neighbourhood, 
 March 17. 
 
 Mr. Fergus O'Connor and 58 other Chartists were tried at Lancaster 
 Assizes, March 21. 
 
 John Chesshyre, Vice-admiral of the White, died at Swansea, March 27, 
 aged 85. Admiral Chesshyre was a native of Manchester, and was the brother 
 of the late Mr. Edward Chesshyre. He was made lieutenant in 1781, commander
 
 18431 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 221 
 
 in 1794, and post captain in 1799. He commanded the Plover sloop of war, and 
 captured the Erin-go-Bragh French privateer, of ten guns, in the North Sea, 
 October 28, 1798. During part of the war he was employed in the Sea 
 Fencibles. 
 
 Mr. John Young died March 29, aged 79. He was believed to be the oldest 
 Sunday school teacher and visitor in the kingdom, having entered as a teacher 
 in the Sunday schools of the Church of England in this town in 1786. 
 
 The Chetham Society formed in March, with the object of printing the most 
 rare historical works, as well as all manuscript matter relative to the histories 
 of the two counties palatine of Lancaster and Chester. The printing has been 
 done from 1843 to the present time (1886) by Messrs. Simms and Co., on 
 whom it reflects the greatest credit. The first president was Mr. Edward 
 Holme, M.D. 
 
 The first stone was laid by Mr. William Garnett, high sheriff, of the Man- 
 chester Union Moral and Industrial Training School, in the township of Swin- 
 ton, April 2. The building is in the Elizabethan style, from a design by Messrs. 
 Tattersall and Dixon. Mr. D. Bellhouse was the builder. The grounds, 
 including site of buildings, are 23 acres in extent. The front is 458 feet in 
 length, and the building will accommodate 1,500 children, but is capable of 
 considerable enlargment. The cost was about £20,000. 
 
 Mr. Richard Arkwright, only son of the late Sir Richard Arkwright, the 
 inventor and improver of spinning machinery, died at Willersley, Derbyshire, 
 April 23. He was the richest commoner in England, and, it is stated, left 
 personal and landed property to the amount of ten or eleven millions, 
 the foundation of which immense sum was made in the cotton trade by his 
 father. 
 
 The Manchester Independent College, at Withington, was opened by the 
 Rev. Dr. Raffles, April 26. 
 
 The Rose light was put up in St. Ann's Square in March, and first lighted 
 May 1. It took its name from its inventor, Mr. Thomas Rose, at that time 
 superintendent of the Manchester Fire Brigade. 
 
 The first stone of St. Thomas's Church, Red Bank, was laid by J. C. Harter, 
 Esq., May 5. It is in the Early English style of architecture, and was designed 
 by Mr. Moseley, of London. The cost was £3,000. 
 
 Rev. John Grundy died at Bridport, May 9. He was born at Hinckley, in 
 Leicestershire, 1781, and in 1810 became minister at Cross Street Chapel. He 
 left Manchester in 1824 for Liverpool, where he was a colleague of the Rev. 
 James Martineau. There is a portrait of him in Sir Thomas Baker's Memorials. 
 He wrote Evangelical Christianity Considered, 1814, and other works. 
 
 6 Victoria, cap. 17. Act for transferring to the Mayor, Aldermen, and 
 Burgesses of the Borough of Manchester certain powers and property now 
 vested in the Commissioners for cleansing, lighting, watching, and regulating 
 the town of Manchester. May 9. 
 
 A desperate attack was made upon Messrs. Pauling and Hemf rey's premises, 
 Eccles New Road, May 16, by an armed party of turnouts. Several of the men 
 were taken up, tried, and underwent various terms of imprisonment. 
 
 Riots occurred between several soldiers of the 15th Regiment and the police, 
 in Oldham Road, May 23.
 
 222 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1843 
 
 The first great meeting of the Lancashire and Cheshire "Workmen's Singing 
 Classes was held at the Free Trade Hall, June 10. There were 1,500 performers, , 
 led by Mr. John Hullah, the inventor of the system. 
 
 A meeting took place at Newton, to oppose the education clauses in the 
 proposed new Factory Bill, June 12. It was attended by 270 delegated 
 Dissenting ministers from all parts of Manchester. 
 
 Trinity Church, Stretford Road, was consecrated June 28. The Rev. Thos. 
 Todd was the first incumbent. 
 
 The surveyors of highways laid down wood pavement in St. Ann's Square. 
 June. 
 
 Messrs. Nightingale and Co.'s warehouse, in Zara Street, Granby Row, was 
 destroyed by fire July 10. The damage was £9,000. 
 
 The celebrated Father Mathew arrived in Manchester, and preached at St. 
 Patrick's Chapel, Livesey Street, upon the occasion of the opening of the new 
 organ, built by Messrs. Gray and Davison, of London, July 19. A tea party 
 was given in his honour at the Free Trade Hall, when 3,000 persons attended. 
 He administered the temperance pledge to many thousand persons. July 21. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Arkell Tidmarsh died at Manchester, July 30. He was born in 
 1819. His poetical writings have never been collected, but the specimens given 
 by Procter show him to have had talent of a very high order. (See Procter's 
 Literary Reminiscences, p. 84, and Gems of Thought.) 
 
 6 and 7 Victoria, cap. 91. Act for more effectually repairing the road from 
 the New "Wall on the parade in Castleton, in the parish of Rochdale, through 
 Middleton, to the mere stone in Great Heaton, and to the town of Manchester, 
 and for making a diversion in the line of such road. August 1. 
 
 The Pendleton coalpits of Mr. J. P. Fitzgerald and Mr. John Knowles 
 were flooded, August 2. The loss to the former was estimated at £50,000. 
 
 Mr. John Dyer, formerly editor of the Manchester Chronicle, died at 
 London, August 4. 
 
 Rev. Adam Hurdus died at Cincinnati, August 30, in his 84th year. He 
 was born near Manchester, entered the Swedenborgian ministry in 1816, 
 and was the first to preach the new church doctrines west of the Alleghany 
 Mountains. (Hindmarsh's Rise, &c, p. 379.) 
 
 Mr. John Sanderson presented £2,000 to the Lunatic Asylum, and £136 to 
 various other charities in the town. He had been keeper of the above asylum 
 sixty years. Being in bad health, he resigned his situation, and adopted 
 this method of disposing of his savings in order to avoid paying legacy duty. 
 August. 
 
 A newsroom at the Albion Hotel, for the use of the Manchester Gentlemen's 
 Glee Club, opened September 7. 
 
 Rev. Charles Panton Myddleton, M.A., Curate of St. Mary's, Manchester, 
 died September 10. He was a native of Prescot, was born in 1767, and published 
 a Sermon in Defence of Sunday Schools, 1798, Poems, &c. {Manchester School 
 Register, vol. ii., p. 67.) 
 
 A great musical meeting held at the Free Trade Hall, Peter Street, 
 September 11 and 12. 
 
 Mr. S. N. Cooper, rule maker, of Miller Street, died September 13. He was 
 the first to introduce rule making into Manchester.
 
 1843] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 223 
 
 Manchester made into an archdeaconry, the first archdeacon being the 
 Rev. John Rushton, Incumbent of Padiham. September. 
 
 One of the old parish registers discovered at Messrs. Cooke, Beever, and 
 Darwell's offices, in Salford, September. This register had been missing for 
 upwards of sixty years. It contains the baptisms, deaths, and marriages from 
 October, 1G53, to July, 1662. 
 
 A bazaar held in the Free Trade Hall, in aid of the Manchester Athenaeum, 
 October 2 ; and on the following Thursday was held, in the same place, a soiree, 
 which was presided over by Mr. Charles Dickens. The proceeds were £1,820. 
 The speeches at the successive soirees were collected into one volume in 1877. 
 
 Mr. George William Wood, M.P., died October 3. His decease, which was 
 almost instantaneous, occurred in the rooms of the Manchester Literary and 
 Philosophical Society, of which he was vice-president. Mr. Wood was the son 
 of the late Rev. William Wood, F.L.S., of Leeds, by Louisa Anne, daughter of 
 Mr. Samuel Oates, and was born July 26, 1781. He was destined for a commer- 
 cial life, and was placed, at an early age, in the house of Philips, Oates, and Co., 
 of Leeds. Soon after the commencement of the present century he was 
 introduced by Sir George Philips, then of Sedgeley, to the house of 
 Messrs. Thomas Philips and Co., of Manchester, with whom he remained till 
 1809. During the war he formed one of a deputation from Manchester and 
 other towns for obtaining a revocation of the Orders in Council. Through a 
 long series of years Mr. Wood took a very active part in the affairs of this town. 
 The Savings Bank, the Royal Institution, of which he conceived and developed 
 the earliest idea, and the embellishment of the principal thoroughfare of the 
 town, bear witness of the untiring energies of his mind. About the year 1827 
 an idea was generally entertained in favour of conferring upon Manchester the 
 privilege of sending members to Parliament, and the bill for this purpose was 
 prepared almost solely by Mr. Wood. He was elected M.P. for South 
 Lancashire, December 18, 1832, and sat till 1834, but was defeated in 1835. He 
 sat for Kendal, July 25, 1837, re-elected June 3, 1841, and represented that con- 
 stituency until his death. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Lingard, for many years agent to the Old Quay Company, died 
 October 4, aged 70. 
 
 The coming of age of Mr. Alfred Nield, eldest son of Alderman Nield, was 
 celebrated with great festivities at the Mayfield Printworks, October 19. 
 
 The high floods in the Irwell caused the temporary footbridge near the 
 New Bailey to be washed down, October 28. 
 
 Mr. James Hall, of Sunnyside, Ordsall, died November 1, in his 9fith year. 
 Mr. Hall was born March 1, 1749. He was originally in humble circumstances, 
 from which he raised himself to affluence. In 1785 he took a very active part in 
 the repeal of the fustian tax. Mr. Hall, at his sole expense, erected Regent 
 Bridge over the Irwell, which was opened to the public in 1S08, and which will 
 ever remain a monument of his high spirit and liberality. 
 
 The Due de Bordeaux and his suite visited Manchester, November 10. 
 
 Mr. George Catlin visited the town with his exhibition of Ojibiway Indians, 
 November 13. 
 
 The sum of £12,606 was subscribed at a free trade meeting in Manchester, 
 November 14.
 
 224 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1844 
 
 The Rev. John Gatliffe, senior canon of the Collegiate Church, and rector 
 of St. Mary's, Parsonage, died at Brinkworth Hall, near York, November 22, 
 aged 80. (Parkinson's Old Chvrch Clock, p. 87.) 
 
 A large chimney at Messrs. Clemson and Co.'s dyeworks, Red Bank, was 
 blown down, November 22. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Maiden, an eminent animal painter, died November 26, aged 31. 
 
 A soiree held in the Town Hall, to celebrate the Saturday half-holiday 
 granted by the merchants, &c, of Manchester, to the persons in their employ- 
 ment, November 27. 
 
 Mr. James Normansell, for seventeen years an officer in the Salford police 
 force, died December 8, aged 60. In early life he was in the Royal Horse 
 Artillery. 
 
 A five-act tragedy, by Mr. Thomas Smelt, acted at the Theatre Royal, 
 Fountain Street, December 20 and 28. It was not successful. 
 
 Lord Francis Egerton purchased the Old Quay Carrying Company's concern 
 for the sum of £400,000, being at the rate of £800 per share, December 21. 
 
 The Rev. Robert Cox Clifton elected a Canon of the Collegiate Church, in 
 the place of Mr. Gatliffe, deceased. 
 
 Mr. Sims Reeves became a member of the stock company at the Theatre 
 Royal, Fountain Street, and remained there till the theatre was burned down 
 in 1844. 
 
 Chetham's Hospital was new roofed and thoroughly repaired. 
 
 The Health of Towns Commission visited Manchester. 
 
 1844. 
 
 The Manchester and Leeds Railway extension line to Hunt's Bank opened 
 January 1. 
 
 Mr. John Edward Taylor, proprietor and principal editor of the Guardian 
 newspaper, died January 6, aged 52. Mr. Taylor was born at Ilminster, in the 
 county of Somerset, on the 11th of September, 1791. His father, Mr. John 
 Taylor, undertook the education of his son, who was originally intended for 
 the medical profession, but was placed with an estimable gentleman in the 
 manufacturing business, and before he was of age his indentures were given 
 up to him, and he was admitted into the concern as a partner. Mr. Taylor first 
 appeared in public business in 1810, as secretary to the Lancasterian School in 
 this town, and in 1812 he took a very active part in the discussions which so 
 much agitated the public mind at that period. Cowdroy's Manchester Gazette 
 was at that time the only organ of the Liberal party, and after a number of 
 occasional contributions the columns of that paper were unreservedly thrown 
 open to Mr. Taylor. From 1816 to 1819 every intelligent account of the political 
 transactions of the district was regarded with the liveliest interest, and such 
 accounts were abundantly furnished by the labours of Mr. Taylor. The elabo- 
 rate pamphlet written by him on the political proceedings of 1819, and the 
 melancholy affair of the 16th of August, furnished a striking proof of the calm 
 and rational manner in which he could treat the most exciting topics of dis- 
 cussion. In 1819 Mr. Taylor was subjected to a prosecution for libel, which 
 arose through an imputation cast upon him at a public meeting, which was 
 perfectly groundless ; and after some effi rts to procure an explanation, he
 
 18441 Annals of Manchester. 225 
 
 resented the imputation in a letter addressed and sent to the party by whom it 
 had been uttered, and this letter formed the ground of the action for libel, 
 which was tried at Lancaster, March 29, 1819. On this occasion Mr. Taylor 
 defended himself personally, with great ability, and with complete success; 
 and the trial was remarkable as being the only one upon record in which the 
 defendant indicted for libel was permitted to give evidence in justification of 
 his statements. In 1820, a number of gentlemen of Liberal politics determined 
 to establish a newspaper advocating their views of political and local events. 
 They urgently requested Mr. Taylor to become the editor, to which he con- 
 sented ; and in order to carry out their object, a subscription was raised in 
 1821 of £1,000, chiefly in loans of £100 each. This sum being entrusted to Mr. 
 Taylor's management, formed the original capital invested in the establishment 
 of the Guardian, the first number of which appeared May 5, 1821. Mr. Taylor 
 was at all times an active and untiring advocate of public improvements in the 
 town, many of which owe their origin to him. 
 
 Mr. George Wallis appointed master of the School of Design, upon the 
 resignation of Mr. John Zephaniah Bell, January 15. 
 
 Colonel John Drinkwater-Bethune, C.B., formerly captain in the 72nd 
 Regiment of Royal Manchester Volunteers, and the author of the History of 
 the Siege of Gibraltar, died January 16, at Thorncroft, Surrey, aged 81. 
 Colonel Drinkwater was the son of Dr. Drinkwater, of Salford, and was born 
 near Latchford, June 9, 1762. He received his education at the Manchester 
 Grammar School, and at the age of fifteen entered the army, receiving a 
 commission in the 72nd Regiment, raised in this town. Though so young an 
 officer, he adopted the plan of keeping a faithful account of every particular 
 connected with his military service, and especially with the memorable attack 
 on Gibraltar. From these memoranda he was enabled, on his return home, to 
 publish that graphic History of the Siege of Gibraltar (which has become a 
 military classic. He wrote also an account of the battle of Cape St. Vincent, at 
 which he was present. This contains some anecdotes of Nelson. Drinkwater 
 was nearly, if not the last, of the surviving heroes of Gibraltar. 
 
 The Rev. William Gadsby died January 27, at the age of 71. He was for 
 38 years minister of the Baptist Chapel, Rochdale Road. This worthy preacher 
 occupied a very warm place in the affections of the people, and in spite of some 
 eccentricities he was generally admired for his abilities and respected for the 
 sincerity of his efforts to benefit those around him. 
 
 Mr. Jesse Lee, of Hulme, died, February 17. He was a native of Rochdale, 
 where he was born Jan. 4, 1791, but came to this town in early life He was 
 particularly conversant with the history of all the old Lancashire families. He 
 also particularly excelled in copying old prints with the pen, in such a manner 
 as to render it difficult to distinguish the original. Mr. Lee had prepared for 
 publication a new edition of Tim Bobbin's works, containing a great quantity 
 of original information, as well as the addition of nearly 700 words used 
 in this part of Lancashire. His MS. collections are now in the Manchester 
 Free Library. He published an annotated edition of Scacombe's House of 
 Stanley. 
 
 Mr. Robert Philips, father of Mr. Mark Philips, M.P. for Manchester, died 
 March 14. at the Park, aged Si. The father of Mr. Philips was the second of 
 r
 
 226 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1844 
 
 three brothers, John, Nathaniel, and Thomas, who were all partners in business. 
 Thomas was born in 1728, and died in 1811, at the age of 83. Sir George Philips, 
 Bart., was his son. Nathaniel, the father of the deceased, was born in 1726, 
 and died in 1808 ; and the subject of this notice was born April, 1760. Mr. 
 Philips married Miss Needham, a sister of Mr. Matthew Needham, of Lenton, 
 near Nottingham, but had long been a widower at the time of his death. 
 Mr. Philips was one of the original founders of the Manchester Deaf and 
 Dumb School and Asylum, to which he was a munificent contributor— indeed, 
 there are few local charitable institutions which had not received the 
 advantage of his counsel and contributions. He was the oldest member of the 
 Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, having entered in 1783. He 
 was also a liberal benefactor to the Manchester New College, having given 
 upwards of £500 to that institution, of which he was president during the years 
 1834-1837. His remains were interred at Stand Presbyterian Chapel, March 20. 
 
 The premises of the Christian Knowledge Society, in Ridgefield, were 
 destroyed by fire, together with the stock of Bibles, &c, March 14. 
 
 Mr. William Vaughan died at Manchester, March 24. He was born in 1790, 
 and became first master of the Manchester Deaf and Dumb School. He was 
 author of a Vocabulary for the Deaf and Dumb, March, 1828. (North of 
 England Magazine, vol. 1, p. 98, 1842.) 
 
 A man was killed at the works of the Albert Bridge, by the breaking of a 
 beam which supported the crane used in lowering the stones into their places, 
 March 27. 
 
 Mr. John Burn, well known as the author of Bum's Commercial Glance, 
 and formerly of Manchester, died March 27, aged 68. 
 
 A grand musical festival was held at the Free Trade Hall, April 8 and 9. 
 
 The borough of Salford received a charter of incorporation April 16. Mr. 
 William Locket was appointed first mayor. The grant of heraldic arms and 
 supporters is dated November 5 and 6. 
 
 The first stone was laid of the Presbyterian (Covenanting) Church, in 
 Ormond Street, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, May 2. This was the first place of 
 worship erected in England by this particular branch of the Scotch Presby- 
 terians. It was designed by Mr. A. Nicholson, and is capable of seating 400 
 persons. 
 
 The Liverpool and Manchester Railway extension line opened to Victoria 
 Station, Hunt's Bank, May 4. 
 
 The Hon. Richard Bootle-Wilbraham, M.P., eldest son of Lord Skelmers- 
 dale, and one of the representatives in Parliament of South Lancashire, died 
 May 5. Mr. Wilbraham was born October 27, 1801. In 1832 he married Miss 
 Jessie Brooke, third daughter of Sir Richard Brooke, Bart., by whom he had 
 issue several children. His eldest son succeeded as Lord Skelmersdale in 1853 
 and was in 1880 created Earl of Lathom. He was elected for South Lancashire 
 in 1835. 
 
 The Theatre Royal, Fountain Street, was destroyed by fire, May 7. 
 
 Mr. Isaac Crewdson died May 8, aged 64. He was born at Kendal in 1780, 
 but in early youth came to Manchester, and for many years resided at Ardwick. 
 In 1836 he retired from business, and devoted his time and talents to the benefit 
 of his fellow-men. In aid of this object he published an abridgment of Baxter'*
 
 X844I 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 227 
 
 Saints' Best, of which 30,000 copies were circulated. In 1835 he appeared as an 
 author. His Beacon to the Society of Friends gave rise to controversy, the 
 result of which was that Mr. Crewdson and many of his friends withdrew them- 
 selves from that society. He joined the communion of the Anglican Church. 
 
 St. Thomas's Church, Red Bank, was consecrated, May 13. 
 
 An election for South Lancashire, May 27 and 28, caused by the death of 
 Mr. Wilbraham. The candidates were Mr. William Brown, of Liverpool, in 
 the Free Trade interest, and Mr. William Entwisle, of Rusholme, a Conserva- 
 tive, and the following were the numbers at the close of the poll : Mr. William 
 Entwisle, 7,562 ; Mr. Brown, 6,984. 
 
 Mr. William Mullis, for upwards of [thirty years sub-librarian at the 
 Chetham Hospital, died June 1, aged 67. He was the author of A Brief 
 Account of Chetham s Foundation. 
 
 7 Victoria, cap. 33. Act for opening certain streets and otherwise improving 
 the town of Salford, and for amending an Act passed in the 11th year of His 
 Majesty King George IV., for better cleansing and improving the said town of 
 Salford. June 6. 
 
 7 and 8 Victoria, cap. 30. Act to alter and amend an Act of the fifty-third 
 year of King George the HI., for the appointment of a stipendiary magistrate 
 to act within the township of Manchester and Salford. July 4. 
 
 7 and 8 Victoria, cap. 31. Act for the warehousing of foreign goods for 
 home consumption at the borough of Manchester. July 4. The first cargo of 
 goods for bonding in Manchester arrived October 19, and consisted of wines 
 and spirits, the property of Mr. Duncan Gibb, the gentleman who was the 
 principal instigator of the Bill. The goods were conveyed by a flat called the 
 Express. 
 
 7 and 8 Victoria, cap. 40. Act for the good government and police regula- 
 tion of the borough of Manchester. July 4. 
 
 7 and 8 Victoria, cap. 41. Act for the improvement of the town of Man- 
 chester. July 4. 
 
 7 and 8 Victoria, cap. 43. Act to enable the President, Treasurers, Deputy- 
 Treasurers, Benefactors, and Subscribers, of and to the Manchester Royal 
 Infirmary, Dispensary, and Lunatic Hospital, or Asylum to enlarge the said 
 Infirmary, and to purchase and hold land for the erection of a new Lunatic 
 Hospital or Asylum. July 4. 
 
 8 Victoria. Act for making a railway from the Manchester and Bolton 
 Railway, in the Parish of Eccles, to the Parish of Whalley, to be called the 
 Manchester, Bury, and Rossendale Railway. July 4. 
 
 The tenth annual conference of the British Temperance Association was 
 held July 9, 10, and 11. Mr. John Bright resigned the presidency, to which he 
 had been elected in 1842. 
 
 A dinner given to Mr. John Knowles, jun., at the Queen's Hotel, July 15, 
 on which occasion his friends presented him with a handsome silver cup and 
 two silver salvers, in acknowledgment of his energetic and successful efforts to 
 revive the national drama in Manchester. Mr. Knowles was the lessee of the 
 late Theatre Royal before it was bun<t . 
 
 The King of Saxony visited Manchester, and inspected various establish- 
 ments and public buildings, July 10.
 
 228 Annals of Manchester. [ism 
 
 Mr. John Dalton, D.C.L. Oxon, F.R.S.L. and E., president of the Literary 
 and Philosophical Society of Manchester, died July 27, in his 78th year. Dr. 
 Dalton was born at Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth, Cumberland, September 5, 
 1766, of respectable parents, members of the Society of Friends. He gave early 
 indications of mathematical ability. In 1781 he became a mathematical teacher 
 in Kendal, from whence he contributed largely on mathematical, philosophical, 
 and general subjects to the two annual works called the Gentlemen's Diary 
 and the Ladies' Diary. In 1788 he commenced his meteorological observations, 
 which he continued throughout his life. In 1793 he published Meteorological 
 Observations and Essays. In the same year he was appointed Professor of 
 Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the New College, Mosley Street, 
 Manchester, and continued to hold this office until the college was finally 
 removed to York. In 1808 he published A New System of Chemical Philosophy, 
 and a second part in 1810. He also frequently contributed to Nicholson's 
 Journal, the Annals of Philosophy, and the Philosophical Magazine, as well 
 as to the memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, of 
 which, for fifty years, he was an active member, having been elected on the 
 25th of April, 1794. Dr. Dalton had been president of this society since 1817. 
 In 1826 he received the gold medal of the Royal Society for his scientific 
 discoveries ; and in 1833 the sum of £2,000 was raised by his friends and towns- 
 men for the erection of a statute to perpetuate his memory. The task was 
 entrusted to Sir Francis Chantry, who brought to the execution of his subject 
 not only his artistic genius but a warm admiration of the man. The statue, 
 when completed, was placed in the entrance hall of the Royal Manchester 
 Institution. The University of Oxford conferred on the septuagenarian 
 philosopher the degree of Doctor of Civil Law. " Though Dr. Dalton's great 
 discovery, the 'Atomic Theory,'" says Whewell, "was soon generally 
 employed, and universally spoken of with admiration, it did not bring to him 
 anything but barren praise, and he continued in his humble employment when 
 his fame had filled Europe and his name become a household word in the 
 laboratory- After some years he was appointed a corresponding member of 
 the Institute of France, which may be considered as a European recognition of 
 the importance of what he had done. In 1833, at the meeting of the British 
 Association for the Advancement of Science, which was held at Cambridge, it 
 was announced that the King had bestowed upon him a pension of £150, which 
 act of liberality enabled him to pass the remainder of his days in comparative 
 ease." Dalton was buried August 12, in a vault in Ardwick Cemetery. The 
 body lay in state at the Town Hall, on Saturday, August 10, and the public 
 were allowed to pass through the room during the greater part of the day, and 
 it was supposed that nearly 40,000 persons availed themselves of this privilege. 
 At eleven o'clock on Monday, the procession moved from the Town Hall in the 
 following order: About 500 members of various societies, 22 carriages, 300 
 gentlemen, 10 carriages, 100 members of various institutions, 36 carriages, the 
 last of which contained the Mayor of Manchester (Mr. Alexander Kay,), the 
 hearse drawn by six horses, six mourning coaches drawn by four horses each, 
 containing the relatives and friends of the deceased, followed by the members 
 of the Philosophical Society. The procession moved through the principal 
 streets in the town, and was joined, near the cemetery, by a large body of the
 
 1844] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 229 
 
 Society of Friends. Most of the mills and workshops were closed, as were also 
 the whole of the shops in the principal streets of the town. The vault in which 
 the body was laid was allowed to remain open until five o'clock in the evening, 
 during which period many thousand persons viewed the coffin. 
 
 The Irwell Buildings, in Blackfriars Street, partially destroyed by fire, 
 August 5. The damage was £20,000. During the fire two men were killed by 
 the falling of a "cat-head." 
 
 A great public meeting was held in the Town Hall, for the purpose of 
 taking into consideration the formation of public parks in Manchester. A 
 subscription was set on foot, which in a few weeks amounted to the sum of 
 £8,000. Lord Francis Egerton, Sir Benjamin Heywood, and Mr. Mark Philips 
 each subscribed £1,000, and six other gentlemen £500 each. August 8. 
 
 The Venerable Henry Vincent Bayley, D.D., died, August 12. He was son of 
 Thomas Butterworth Bayley, and was born at Hope Hall, Dec. 6, 1777, and was 
 educated at Winwick Grammar School, Eton, and Trinity College, Cambridge 
 He was elected fellow of his college in October, 1802, and in 1803 ordained deacon 
 and afterwards priest. He was presented to the Rectory of Stilton, made sub- 
 dean of Lincoln in 1805, and in 1811 Rector of Messingham. There is some glass in 
 Messingham Church which Dr. Bayley bought from the Manchester Cathedral, 
 which was then being restored. In 1823 he was made Archdeacon of Stow, and 
 received his D.D. degree from Cambridge. In 1826 he was made Rector of 
 Westmaon. In 1828 he exchanged his sub-deanery for a canonry at West- 
 minster. He was the author of A Sermo7i -preached at an Ordination in the 
 Cathedral Church of Chester, Sept. 25, 1803, and a Charge delivered to the 
 Clergy of the Archdeaconry of Stow, at the Visitation in May, 1826. (Memoir 
 of H. V. Bayley, by Le Bas.) 
 
 Albert Bridge was opened for foot passengers, August 16 ; and opened for 
 general traffic, September 26. A procession of the corporate bodies of Man- 
 chester and Salford took place at the inauguration. The total cost of the 
 erection was £8,874 15s. 5d. 
 
 Mr. James Wroe, bookseller, Great Ancoats Street, and for many years a 
 commissioner of police, &c, for this town, died August. (Procter's Bygone 
 Manchester, pp. 83, 84.) 
 
 Professor Justus von Liebig, one of the most distinguished chemists in 
 Europe, visited Manchester in September. 
 
 John Carter, the " Lancashire Hero," died in Tame Street, Ancoats. He 
 was born at Manchester, Sept. 13, 1789, and after working in a factory turned 
 shoemaker and then navvy. He acquired renown as a pedestrian and pugilist, 
 and went up to London, where Robert Gregson, the Lancashire poet-pugilNt , 
 introduced him to the fancy. He was champion of England for some time, 
 defeated Oliver in 1816, and was defeated by Spring in 1819. (Procter's Our 
 Turf, &c, p. 83.) 
 
 The Athenaeum soiree held in the Free Trade Hall, October 3. Upwards of 
 3,000 persons attended. The chief speakers were Mr. B. Disraeli, M.P., Lord 
 John Manners, M.P., and the Hon. George Sydney Smythe, M.P. 
 
 The Custom House, No. 73, Mosley Street, was opened for business, 
 October 11. Mr. Powell, of Newcastle, appointed collector, and Mr. Shell}-, of 
 Liverpool, comptroller.
 
 230 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1845 
 
 Mr. Joseph Aston died at Chadderton Hall, October 13, aged 83. He was 
 formerly proprietor of the Manchester Exchange Herald, and was the author 
 of several works of a local nature, including the Picture of Manchester (which 
 went through several editions), Metrical Records of Manchester, and many 
 smaller contributions to the history of the town and neighbourhood. 
 
 A large chimney belonging to Messrs. Tennants, Clow and Co.'s chemical 
 works, at Ardwick, fell down, November 2. The damage was £1,000. 
 
 Mr. Holland Hoole died at Broughton, Dec. 3. He was the author of a 
 Defence of the Cotton Factories of Lancashire, 1832. He was born in Man- 
 chester March 9, 1796. {Manchester School Register, i. 8.) 
 
 A peal of eight bells in St. Thomas's Church, Pendleton, opened Dec. 6. 
 They were cast by Charles and George Mears, London, and the cost was defrayed 
 by subscription. 
 
 Mr. R. J. J. Norreys, one of the magistrates for this division, and also a 
 deputy-lieutenant of the county, died atDavyhulme Hall, December 13, aged 60. 
 
 Sir Henry Pottinger visited Manchester, December 30, and attended a public 
 dinner, at which he received congratulatory addresses upon the successful 
 termination of the Chinese war. 
 
 St. Barnabas's Parish Church, situated at the corner of Elizabeth Street 
 and Rodney Street, Oldham Road, was consecrated. This church was erected 
 at an expense of about £5,000, which was raised by subscription. 
 
 The Phonographic Magazine was published in Manchester. The editor 
 was William Hepworth Dixon. 
 
 A large pile of buildings in George Street and York Street, oonsisting of 
 ten warehouses, was completely burnt down, causing a destruction of 
 property amounting to £140,000. 
 
 A portion of the warehouse of Messrs. Horton and Co., called the Shrop- 
 shire Iron Warehouse, fell down, when two men were killed. 
 
 The amount of duty derived from the income tax in the Manchester district 
 was £125,369. 
 
 1845. 
 
 Mr. Louis Schwabe, the eminent silk manufacturer and embroiderer by 
 machinery, died January 11. Mr. Schwabe destroyed himself by poison whilst 
 labouring under temporary insanity. 
 
 The subscription raised in Manchester as a testimonial to Mr. Rowland 
 Hill, for his advocacy of the penny postage, amounted to £1,532 10s. 6d., and 
 was presented to Mr. Hill (who was staying at Hastings) by Sir Thomas Potter, 
 together with a suitable address. January 18. 
 
 Evan Prince, a young man in the employ of Mr. Percival, woollen draper, 
 King Street, was charged with robbing his employer of £3,500. He was 
 committed, January 20, and afterwards found guilty and transported. 
 
 Messrs. Smith and Ingle's paper warehouse, situated in Piccadilly, was 
 burnt down, January 21. 
 
 A public dinner was given to Mr. Duncan Gibb, together with a service of 
 plate valued at £500, January 24, as a testimony of his fellow-townsmen's obliga- 
 tion for the benefits conferred in the privilege of bonding being granted to 
 Manchester.
 
 1845] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 231 
 
 An explosion of a locomotive boiler at the Manchester and Leeds Railway 
 engine-house, Miles Platting, January 28, caused the death of three men, and 
 did considerable damage to the building. The coroner's jury laid a deodand of 
 £500 on the engine. 
 
 An attempt was made by some person to burn down the Queen's Theatre, 
 in Spring Gardens, February 9, but it was frustrated through the timely 
 discovery of the fire. 
 
 Mr. Van Amburgh's stud of trained animals, horses, &c, were sold by 
 auction, at the Roman Amphitheatre, Cooper Street, March 18. 
 
 The Right Rev. John Allen, D.D., Bishop of Ely, died at the Palace, in Ely, 
 March 20, in his 76th year. Born November, 1770, Dr. Allen was a native of 
 Manchester, his father being a partner in the firm of Byrom, Allen, Sedgwick, 
 and Place, bankers. The bank was situated at the corner of Bank Street and 
 St. Ann's Square. He was educated at the Free Grammar School, whence he 
 proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, and obtained a fellowship there. He 
 was soon afterwards appointed tutor to Lord Althorp, and was, shortly after 
 the completion of his lordship's education, presented by the father of his pupil 
 to the vicarage of Battersea, Surrey, and also a prebendal stall in Westminster 
 Abbey ; he was afterwards, in addition, appointed to the living of St. Bride's, 
 London. On the advent of the Whigs to office, Dr. Allen, on the death of 
 Bishop Gray, in 1834, was nominated to the bishopric of Bristol. In October, 
 1836, this bishopric being united to that of Gloucester, Dr. Monk, the bishop of 
 the last-mentioned diocese, became bishop of the united diocese, while Dr. 
 Allen was translated to the bishopric of Ely. 
 
 Sir Thomas Potter, Knt., of Buile Hill, died March 20, aged 70. He was 
 born at Tadcaster, in Yorkshire, 'April 5, 1774. He was the third son of Mr. 
 John Potter, who rented a farm near Tadcaster, called Wengate Hill. Thomas, 
 when about sixteen, began to assist his father in the management of the farm; 
 and when, after a few years, the farm was given up to him, it became one of 
 the most highly cultivated and productive in the county of York. In or about 
 the year 1803 he gave up farming and joined his two brothers, William and 
 Richard, who had previously settled in Manchester, and the three carried on 
 business in partnership under the firm of William, Thomas, and Richard 
 Potter, at No. 5, Cannon Street. About the year 1828 Mr. Potter began to take 
 a very active part in the business of the town. After the passing of the Reform 
 Bill in 1832, and the return of his brother, Mr. Richard Potter, for the borough 
 of Wigan, which occasioned his absence from Manchester, Mr. Potter began to 
 take not only an active but leading part in the local and general politics of the 
 town and neighbourhood. It was, however, in the struggle for obtaining the 
 charter of incorporation that Mr. Potter most distinguished himself. In that 
 most arduous struggle his courage, energy, and industry, were taxed to the 
 uttermost, and had it not been for his unparalleled exertions the charter must 
 have been abandoned. As an acknowledgment of his services in this respect 
 he was not only elected first mayor of Manchester, but his term of office was 
 extended, during which— namely, on July 1, 1840— Her Majesty conferred upon 
 him the honour of knighthood. In his domestic relations he was a kind father, 
 a good husband, a hospitable and amiable neighbour. Charitable and munificent 
 to a fault, there were many who felt his loss as a severe deprivation. About
 
 232 Annals of Manchester. 1815 
 
 1820 Mr. Potter, at his own expense, established a day school at Irlams-o'th'- 
 Height, which afforded education to seventy boys and girls. It was not the 
 wish of the family to have a public funeral, but at the request of the Corpora- 
 tions of Manchester and Salford, as well as a number of gentlemen of the two 
 towns, who wished to accompany the remains to the grave, the desire was 
 acceded to. The funeral cortege, . which was considerably augmented on its 
 route by the corporate bodies of both towns, together with some hundreds of 
 gentlemen in carriages and on foot, consisted of upwards of ninety carriages. 
 Most of the shops in the line of procession were closed, and the streets were 
 lined throughout by crowds of people, all anxious to take a last look of one who 
 had stood their friend on all public occasions. The interment took place at the 
 Ardwick Cemetery, March 27. (Baker's Memorials, p. 117.) 
 
 The first stone was laid of St. Simon's Church, Springfield Lane, Salford, 
 March 24. The building, which is of stone, is in the Early English style of 
 architecture, and was designed by Mr. Richard Lane. The cost of the land and 
 erection was £4,500. The stone was laid by Mr. Edmund Taylor, of Oldfield 
 Road, who contributed £500 towards the expense. 
 
 The Town Council decided to purchase the manorial rights from Sir Oswald 
 Mosley for the sum of £200,000, of which £5,000 was to be paid down as a 
 deposit, and the Corporation was not to be compelled to pay more than £4,000 
 a year, but with an option on their part to increase that amount to £6,000. 
 The amount of income derived by Sir Oswald Mosley was stated by him to be 
 £9,000. Various negotiations had been set on foot at different periods to pur- 
 chase the above important rights, but in every instance had failed through 
 disagreement as to terms between buyer and seller. March 24. 
 
 The first sale of teas, &c, in bond took place in the Bonding Warehouse 
 Company's establishment, in Salford, March 27. 
 
 The foundation stone of St. John's Church, Longsight, was laid by Miss 
 Marshall, who, together with Mrs. Marshall, contributed £2,000 towards the 
 erection and endowment. The church is in the Early English style, from the 
 design of Mr. G. E. Gregan, and the total cost of the edifice was about £3,500. 
 March 28. 
 
 The committee for the formation of public parks in Manchester purchased 
 the Lark Hill Estate, now Peel Park, Salford, March 29, from Mr. William 
 Garnett, for the sum of £5,000, from which was deducted £500, the amount of 
 Mr. Garnett's subscription to the fund. It contained thirty-two acres, one-third 
 being high and sloping land and the rest flat. In May they made the second 
 purchase— the Hendham Hall Estate (now Queen's Park), Harpurhey, consisting 
 of about thirty acres, the property of Mr. Jonathan Andrew, for which they 
 paid £7,250 ; and in the same month they made the third purchase— the Brad- 
 ford Estate (now Philip's Park), consisting of thirty-one acres, from Lady 
 Houghton, for the sum of £6,200. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Braidley died April 3. He was born at Sedgfield, Durham, 
 August 19, 1792. He wrote Sunday School Memorials, from his experiences as 
 teacher and superintendent of Bennett Street Sunday Schools. He wag 
 boroughreeve in 1831 and 1832, and in 1835 twice unsuccessfully contested Man- 
 chester in the Conservative interest. 
 
 Mr. Junius Smith, of Strangeways Hall, died April 3.
 
 1845] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 233 
 
 The first of a series of concerts for the working classes, conducted by the 
 committee of the Lancashire and Cheshire Philharmonic Institution, was held 
 in the Free Trade Hall, April 5. 
 
 John Bracewell, of Young Street, died September 17, aged 88. He was 
 supposed to be the last survivor of those who were in the action along with 
 Admiral Rodney, at the destruction of the French fleet under the command of 
 Domte de Grasse, in the West Indes, on April 12, 1782. 
 
 A grand fancy dress ball, in aid of the funds for the formation of public 
 baths and wash-houses in Manchester, was held in the Free Trade Hall. The 
 display was very picturesque and made a great impression. April 29. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Wroe, formerly comptroller under the Manchester Police 
 Commissioners, and subsequently manager of the gas works, died in April. 
 
 Messrs. Eveleigh and Son's hat manufactory, Greengate, Salford, was 
 burned down, May 1. The damage was between £9,000 and £10,000. 
 
 The Mayor and Corporation of Salford made, a perambulation of the boun- 
 daries of the borough, and staked them out from the new Ordnance survey, 
 May 13. 
 
 The foundation stone of the Manchester Commercial Schools, Stretford 
 Road, was laid by Mr. J C. Harter, June 19. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Rose, superintendent of the Fire Brigade, exhibited a new fire 
 escape, the invention of Mr. Dunn, in the Market Place, opposite the Exchange, 
 June 24, and again July 8. 
 
 Mr. Henry Leigh Trafford commenced his duties as stipendiary magistrate 
 for the Manchester division of the county, at a salary of £800 per annum, 
 July 1. 
 
 John Holl Stanway, who was one of the official assignees of the Bankruptcy 
 Court, absconded with a considerable sum of money, the property of various 
 individuals, July 4. 
 
 A public breakfast given to Professor J. H. Merle D'Aubigne, D.D., author 
 of the History of the Beformalion, July 7. 
 
 Mr. Samuel William Butler died July 17, aged 41. He was a native of 
 Beverley, and almost from infancy was an actor. He acted at Hull and 
 Beverley, at the Covent Garden Theatre, and in the United States ; but in the 
 latter years of his life was resident in Manchester, and in 1842 was the star of 
 the Theatre Royal, Fountain Street. He is buried at Ardwick Cemetery, and 
 an epitaph, by Charles Swain, is engraved upon his tomb. (Evans's Samuel 
 William Butler, Tragedian, 1876.) 
 
 8 and 9 Victoria, cap. 141. Act to effect improvements in the borough of 
 Manchester, for the purpose of promoting the health of the inhabitants thereof. 
 July 21. 
 
 8 and 9 Victoria. Act for more effectually constituting and regulating the 
 Court of Record within the borough of Manchester, and for extending the 
 jurisdiction of the said court. July 21. 
 
 Mr. Richard Beswick, chief superintendent of police, presented with a 
 service of plate and a purse containing £113, as a testimonial for his services in 
 the police establishment for fourteen years, July 31. 
 
 Mr. Hugh Hornby Birley, of Broome House, a magistrate and deputy 
 lieutenant of the county, died at Lytham, July 31, aged 68. Mr. Birley had for
 
 23i Annals of Manchester. [184g 
 
 many years taken a very active part in the management of the various 
 charitable institutions of this town and neighbourhood. 
 
 The first stone of the Bank of England Branch Bank, King Street, was laid 
 by Mr. Charles Cockerill, the architect of the Bank of England, and Mr. John 
 Reid, the agent of the bank in Manchester, July 31. 
 
 The Manchester and Leeds Railway Company (since incorporated in the 
 Lancashire and Yorkshire) began to arch over the river Irk below the College, 
 to the length of 120 yards, for the purpose of erecting their general offices. July. 
 
 A subscription, amounting to upwards of £6,000, was raised in Manchester 
 in aid of the sufferers by the great fire at Quebec. July. 
 
 A rope, measuring 4,374 yards, or nearly two miles and a half, was made by 
 Mr. Thomas Briggs, of Richmond Hill Ropery, for Messrs. G. C. Pauling and 
 Co., in connection with the works of the new Theatre Royal. July. 
 
 Abraham Tweedale, a prisoner in the New Bailey, was murdered by Wm. 
 Clapham, also a prisoner, August 2. On the trial Clapham was proved to be 
 insane, and was ordered to be confined during Her Majesty's pleasure. 
 
 The premises of Mr. Thos. Wheatley, cabinet-maker and timber merchant, 
 Pilling Street, Rochdale Road, were burned down, August 5. The damage was 
 estimated to be from £3,000 to £4,000. 
 
 The foundation stone of Trinity Presbyterian Church, in connection with 
 the Synod of the Presbyterian Church of England, and for the use of the Irish 
 Presbyterian Church assembling in the Corn Exchange, was laid by the Rev. 
 Henry Cooke, D.D., of Belfast, August 13. The church is situated in New 
 Bridge Street, Strangeways. 
 
 The construction of Corporation Street, extending from Market Street to 
 Withy Grove, was begun in August. 
 
 At a dinner given by the shareholders of the Trent Valley Railway to Mr. 
 Edward Tootal, September 20, he was presented with a service of plate, valued 
 at 1,800 guineas, for his services in procuring the Act for the formation of that 
 line. The service consisted of 117 pieces, weighing 2,620 ounces. 
 
 The new Theatre Royal, Peter Street, was opened September 29, with 
 Douglas Jerrold's new comedy of Time Works Wonders, and a representation 
 of Her Majesty's state ball, or Bed Costume, held at Buckingham Palace. The 
 opening address, which was written by Mr. Mark Barry, of London, was 
 delivered by Mr. H. J. Wallack, the stage manager. The building hold? 
 upwards of 2,000 persons. It is in the modern Italian style of architecture, and. 
 cost nearly £23,000. The proprietor was Mr. John Knowles. 
 
 The Anti-Corn-Law Bazaar, held in the Free Trade Hall, began October 15, 
 and continued for several days. The articles sold were the remains of the 
 great bazaar held in London, at Covent Garden Theatre. The proceeds were 
 devoted to the £100,000 fund. 
 
 This town was visited by Prince Hilal, son and heir of the Imaum of 
 Muscat, who was accompanied by his suite, October 17. 
 
 A soiree was held at the Free Trade Hall of the members of the 
 Athenaeum, which was attended by Serjeant Talfourd, Douglas Jerrold, Mr. 
 Samuel Lover, and others. October 23. 
 
 Rev. William Johns died at Higher Broughton, November 27. He was born 
 in 1771, and was the author of Use and Origin of Figurative Language,
 
 1843] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 235 
 
 March, 180S; Importance of the Scriptures, 1813; Origin of Verbs, 1S33 ; and 
 others. 
 
 St. Clement's Schools, Chorlton, rebuilt. 
 
 The Commercial Association was formed. 
 
 1846. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Wilson died January 6, aged 43. He was the son of Michael 
 Wilson, and was an animal painter and author of some of the verses that 
 appeared in The Songs of the Wilsons. (Harland's Songs of the Wilsons.) 
 
 A great meeting of the merchants, bankers, and manufacturers was held 
 to consider the best means of furthering the purpose of the Anti-Corn Law 
 League. A committee of gentlemen appointed to raise the remainder of the 
 quarter of a million fund by personal canvass in Manchester. January 9. 
 
 The Manchester Examiner, No. 1, January 10, was printed and published 
 by Mr. Thomas Ballantyne, at No. 7, Pall Mall. 
 
 The first annual meeting of the Manchester Commercial Association was 
 held in York Hotel Buildings, King Street, when Mr. James Aspinall Turner, 
 the president, occupied the chair. January 18. 
 
 Mr. Jeremy Smith, the oldest block printer in the trade, died January 20, 
 aged 93, highly respected, and retaining his mental faculties to the last 
 moment. 
 
 A numerous meeting of delegates from the Short Time Committee of Lan- 
 cashire and Cheshire was held at the Woodman Hut, Great Ancoats Street, 
 January 24, at which petitions were set on foot praying for a Ten Hours 
 Factory Bill for five days in the week and eight hours on Saturdays. 
 
 A great meeting was held in the Corn Exchange, under the auspices of the 
 Peace Society, with a view to pass resolutions condemnatory of the proposed 
 enrolment of the militia, and to petition Parliament against the same. Feb. 2. 
 
 The first annual meeting of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce was 
 held in the Town Hall Buildings, King Street, February 9. Mr. Thomas 
 Bazley presided. 
 
 The Swinton Schools were opened in February. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Town Hall on behalf of the Ten Hours Bill. 
 March 2. Lord Ashley, Mr. Richard Oastler, and Mr. Thomas Fielden were 
 present. 
 
 Mr. Charles Ewart died March 23, aged 77 years. For twenty-four years he 
 was in the Scots Greys, and at the battle of Waterloo was fortunate enough to 
 take an eagle of one of the most distinguished divisions of the French infantry. 
 For his gallantry on this occasion Sergeant Ewart received his commission as 
 ensign in the Royal Veteran Battalion. His wife survived him ton years, and 
 died 26th August, 1850. There is a long account of Ensign Ewart in the 
 Gentleman's Magazine, 1846, vol. i. He is buried in the Bolton Street Grave- 
 yard, Salford. 
 
 The Manchester Court of Record for the recovery of debts up to £50 was 
 opened before Mr. R. B. Armstrong, recorder, the mayor, Mr. Maude, and 
 several other magisl rates. March 30. 
 
 A fire broke out at the Theatre Royal during the performance, and 
 destroyed some of the stage machinery. March 30.
 
 236 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1846 
 
 Mr. John William Atkinson died at Hamburg, April 3, in his 23rd year. 
 His talents were various : as a marine painter he showed great talent. His 
 "Phantom Ships" is said to be of a very high order. He was the son of Mr. 
 T. W. Atkinson, at one time an architect in Manchester, but better known as 
 an Oriental traveller. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Naylor died 12th April, aged 84 years. He was educated at 
 Warrington Academy, and from 1780 to 1805 was Unitarian minister at 
 Sheffield, where he published, in 1803, a sermon on the Right and Duty of 
 Defensive War. Owing to the failing health of his brother-in-law, he gave up 
 the ministry and became a merchant in Manchester. 
 
 Mr. William Harter, Pendleton, appointed High Constable of the Man- 
 chester Division of the Hundred of Salford. April 16. 
 
 The Richmond Independent Chapel, Broughton Street, Salford, was opened 
 by Dr. Raffles. April 22. 
 
 A public meeting was held in the lecture-room of the Athenaeum to advo- 
 cate early closing in the Manchester houses of business. April 22. 
 
 Shakspere's birthday was celebrated at the Manchester Athenaeum by the 
 delivery of an oration by Mr. George Dawson, M.A. April 23. 
 
 In consequence of the scarcity of ice this season, thirty cartloads of snow 
 were brought into Manchester early one morning in April, and sold to the fish- 
 mongers at 22s. per ton, to deposit in the ice-house under the Shambles. 
 
 The Bishop of Chester restored rural deans throughout the archdeaconry of 
 Manchester. April. 
 
 The Synod of the Presbyterian Church in England held its annual meeting 
 in the Scottish Established Church, St. Peter's Square, at the end of April. 
 
 The purchase by the Corporation of Manchester from Sir Oswald Mosley of 
 his manorial rights was completed, subject to the payment of the balance of 
 the purchase money by instalments as agreed. May 5. 
 
 A destructive fire at the Albion Bridge Mills caused damage to the extent 
 of £3,500. May 9. 
 
 9 Victoria, cap. 10. Act to enable the Company of Proprietors of the 
 Manchester and Salford Waterworks to raise a further sum of money. May 14. 
 
 Mr. David Holt, who was highly respected for his philanthropy, died at his 
 residence in York Street, Stretford Road, May 30, at the age of 82. He was at 
 one time very largely engaged in the manufacture of sewing cotton. He was 
 the author of Miscellaneous Extracts, 1836 ; Incidents in the Life of David 
 Holt, including a Sketch of some of the Philanthropic Institutions of Man~ 
 Chester during a Period of Forty Years, 1843. (Manchester School Register, 
 vol. ii., p. 49.) 
 
 The Whit-week races held on Kersal Moor for the last time. This race- 
 course was first used in 1730. Mr. Procter has given the history in Our Turf, 
 Stage, and Ring. The last meeting was marked by a fatal accident to Byrne, 
 a rider in the hurdle race. 
 
 The new organ in Cross Street Chapel was' opened, June 1. 
 
 The Jubilee Conference of the Methodist New Connexion was held in Man- 
 chester in the first week of the month of June. 
 
 Some confusion and disorder at a service in St. Patrick's Chapel, Livesey 
 Street, originating in the removal of the Rev. Daniel Hearne from St. Patrick's
 
 1846] Annals of Manchester. 237 
 
 district to London. June 7. A public meeting was held at the Free Trade 
 Hall in his honour. A testimonial was presented to him on the occasion, eon* 
 sisting of a green silk purse containing 270 sovereigns, a large and splendid 
 gold crucifix and chain, value £40, a beautiful gold watch, chain, and appen- 
 dages, value £40, and an elegant silver breakfast service. June 15. 
 
 Ibrahim Pacha, Viceroy of Egypt, and second son of Mehemet Ali, visited 
 the chief manufacturing establishments of the town, June 17. 
 
 9 and 10 Victoria, cap. 126. Act for more effectually regulating the Salford 
 Hundred Court, for extending the jurisdiction and powers of the said court, 
 and for establishing and constituting it as a Court of Record. June 26. 
 
 St. John's Church, Longsight, was consecrated, June. 
 
 Trinity Church, Rusholme, was built at the sole expense of the late Mr. T. 
 C. Worsley, of Piatt Hall. It was consecrated in June, and cost £3,600. 
 
 The Anti-Corn Law League was dissolved at a great meeting of its chief 
 adherents in the Town Hall, July 2, in consequence of the passing of an Act of 
 Parliament providing for the abolition of the Corn Laws. 
 
 An extensive fire in the cotton factory occupied by Mr. Rigg, Blackfriars, 
 Salford, July 10. 
 
 The Right Hon. Thomas Milner Gibson, having accepted office in the 
 Government, was re-elected member of Parliament for Manchester by show of 
 hands in St. Ann's Square, with only three dissentients. No other candidate 
 appeared. July 13. 
 
 The Manchester Markets Act, 1846, received the royal assent July 16. By 
 this Act the old manorial markets were placed upon an enlarged and more 
 satisfactory footing. Butchers and fishmongers were empowered to sell in 
 their private shops upon taking out an annual licence from the Corporation, 
 and by the schedules to the Act the maximum rates of toll, stallage, and rent 
 to be paid in respect of goods sold in the market and for space occupied therein 
 were definitely fixed. The official reference to the Act is 9 and 10 Victoria, 
 cap. 219. 
 
 Mr. John Worthington, the inventor of the "Tide Water Power," dropped 
 down dead in his garden in Moss Lane, July 20. 
 
 9 and 10 Victoria, cap. 267. Act for vesting in the Sheffield, Ashton-under- 
 Lyne, and Manchester Railway Company the Peak Forest Canal and the 
 Macclesfield Canal. July 27. 
 
 9 and 10 Victoria, cap. 271. Act to enable the Company of Proprietors of 
 the Manchester, Bolton, and Bury Canal Navigation and Railway to raise an 
 additional sum of money, and to amend the Acts relating to the company. 
 July 27. 
 
 Mr. John Owens died 28th July, aged 56. He was the son of Mr. Owen Owens, 
 and was born in Manchester in 1790, and became his father's assistant and ulti- 
 mately his partner in the business of manufacturer of hat linings, furrier, and 
 currier. In 1834 Owens became a partner with George and Samuel Faulkner, 
 in the firm of S. Faulkner and Co., as spinners, but he soon retired from part- 
 nership. In 1844 Owen Owens died, and John Owens inherited the whole of 
 his father's property. In politics Owens was a Radical, and in favour of t ho 
 abolishment of University Tests, and so, when Owens, finding his end 
 approaching, offered the bulk of his property to George Faulkner, the latter,
 
 238 Annals of Manchester. U846 
 
 with a noble disinterestedness, declined it. "My boy, John," he said, "is 
 dead, and as I have as much money or more than I shall ever require, why 
 should you not found a college in this city, and carry out in its foundation 
 those principles that you have so earnestly proclaimed during your life ?" This 
 advice was acted upon, for John Owens, by his will, dated 31st May, 1845, 
 directed that the residue of his personal estate should be applied to the found- 
 ing of an educational institution, which was called Owens College. The 
 amount of the property thus left was over £100,000. John Owens was never 
 married. His death was caused by the rupture of a bloodvessel. {Papers of 
 Manchester Literary Club, vol. iv., p. 135; City News, vol. i., p. 283; Old South- 
 East Lancashire, p. 34.) 
 
 Lower Broughton was first lighted with gas. August 3. 
 
 The repeal of the Corn Laws was commemorated by a general holiday and 
 an immense procession, followed by great festivities and an illumination. 
 August 3. 
 
 9 and 10 Victoria, cap. 306. Act to enable the Manchester and Leeds 
 Railway Company to make several Branch Railways, and to authorise the 
 amalgamation of the Preston and Wyre Railway, Harbour, and Dock Company 
 with the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company. August 3. 
 
 9 and 10 Victoria, cap. 378. Act to incorporate the Company of Proprietors 
 of the Manchester, Bolton, and Bury Canal Navigation and Railway with the 
 Manchester and Leeds Railway Company. August 18. 
 
 9 and 10 Victoria, cap. 32. Act to unite and to incorporate the trustees of 
 certain charities established by Mr. Humphrey Booth, the elder, and by 
 Mr. Humphrey Booth, his grandson, respectively, and to amend an Act of 
 Parliament made and passed in the fifteenth year of His late Majesty King 
 George the Third, intituled an Act to enable the trustees of certain Charity 
 lands belonging to the poor of Salford to grant building leases thereof, and to 
 make further provision for the beneficial management and administration of 
 the several charity estates and charities of the said Humphrey Booth, the 
 elder, and Humphrey Booth, his grandson, respectively. August 18. 
 
 9 and 10 Victoria, cap. 380. Act for enabling the Huddersfield and Man- 
 chester Railway and Canal Company to make a branch railway from their main 
 line of railway to Oldham. August 18. 
 
 Charlotte Bronte visited Manchester 21st August, in company with her 
 father, upon whom the operation of the extraction of the cataract was per- 
 formed. The Rev. Patrick Bronte and his daughter remained for about a 
 month lodging in one of the suburbs. On the day when the operation was per- 
 formed she received from a London publisher a curt refusal of The Professor, 
 which had been offered for publication. (Gaskell's Life of Bronte.) She visited 
 Manchester earlier in the month with her sister Emily. (See also under date 
 June, 1851.) 
 
 The public parks of Manchester and Salford— Psel Park, Queen's Park, 
 and Philips Park — were opened with a great procession and festivities, 
 August 22. 
 
 Mr. John Palmer died at Manchester 23rd August. He was born at Bishop 
 Middleham, Durham, 1783, and lived in Manchester for 33 years. Ha was 
 author of History of the Siege of Manchester and Architectural Description
 
 1847] Annals of Manchester. 239 
 
 of the Collegiate Church. He was an architect by profession. (Procter's 
 Manchester Streets, p. 191.) 
 
 The Duchess of Gloucester visited Manchester on her way to Worsley Hall, 
 October 5. 
 
 In the course of excavations at New Cross several skeletons were dis- 
 covered. In the earlier part of the century it was customary to bury suicides 
 at this place. 
 
 The boroughreeves ceased to be elected, their functions merging in those of 
 the mayor. The last who served the office was Mr. Alexander Kay. 
 
 1847. 
 
 Mr. James Crowther died at Manchester January 6. He was born at Man- 
 chester June 24, 176S, and was remarkable for his knowledge of botany. He 
 was one of a remarkable group of Lancashire artisans who attained distinction 
 as naturalists. (Cash's Wliere 1 here's a Will, &c.) 
 
 Mr. Turner Prescott died at Manchester March 3. He was a native of 
 Wigan, and was born Oct. 17, 1806. He was the author of The Laio o/ Distress 
 for Rent on Property not the Tenant's Considered and Condemned, 1813. 
 
 Mr. Ottiwell Wood died at Liverpool, March 4, aged 87 years. He was 
 treasurer of Manchester College. His son John was elected M.P. for Preston, 
 in 1826, and in 1830 was appointed Recorder of York. 
 
 The Manchester Races first held at Castle Irwell, May 26. 
 
 The Very Rev. and Hon William Herbert, LL.D., died in London, May 
 28. He was a son of the first Earl of Carnarvon, and was born Jan. 12, 1778. 
 He received his education at Eton and Oxford. In 1814 he was presented to the 
 Rectory of Spofforth, in Yorkshire, a living he retained till his death. On 
 the 10th of July, 1S40, he was installed Warden of the Collegiate Church. On 
 the Collegiate Church being constituted a Cathedral he became its first Dean. 
 Dr. Herbert was an eminent classical scholar .and botanist. His principal 
 published works were Musaz Etonensis, 1795; Ossiani Durthula Grace 
 reddita, 1S01 ; Select Icelandic Poetry, 1804 ; Miscellaneous Poetry, 
 1S05, 2 vols. ; Hcdin, or the Spectre of the- Tomb, 1820 ; The Wizard 
 Wanderer of Jutland, a Tragedy ; xcith Julia Montalban: a Tale, 1S22; The 
 Guahiba: a Tale, 1822; Iris, 1826; Amaryllidaceae, 1837; Altila, King of the 
 Huns, 1837. In 1842 his works were collected and issued in 3 vols. There is 
 an account of Dean Herbert as a botanist in the Proceedings of the Manchester 
 Literary and Philosophical Society, vol. xxv., p. 43. Dean Herbert married, in 
 1806, the Hon. Letitia Emily Dorothea Allen, who survived her husband, and 
 died June 14, 1878, aged 94. Dean Herbert's eldest son was Henry William 
 Herbert, who emigrated to New York, and became well known under the 
 pseudonym of "Frank Forrester" as a writer on sporting and natural history, 
 and also as a novelist. H. W. Herbert committed suicide May 17, 1S58. 
 
 10 Victoria, cap. 14. Act to amend some of the provisions of the Man- 
 chester Markets Act, 1S46. June 8. 
 
 The restrictions on bonding in the port of Manchester were removed, 
 June 21. 
 
 Dr. Charles W. Bell was elected physician to the Royal Infirmary by the 
 board of that institution, in the room of Dr. Satterthwaite, resigned, July 1.
 
 240 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1847 
 
 Mr. James Smith, bookseller, St. Ann's Place, committed suicide, July 1. 
 
 Independent Chapel, Pendleton, opened by the Rev. Dr. Raffles, of Liver- 
 pool, and the Rev. James Parsons, of York. July 4. 
 
 The Grand Duke Constantine, second son of the Emperor of Russia, arrived 
 in Manchester, attended by Baron Brunow, the Russian ambassador, and suite, 
 including Vice-Admiral Lutke, M. di Berg, Secretary to the Embassy, Baron 
 Eharppes, Rear- Admiral Heiden, Count Orloff, Colonel Lostkowsky, and Pro- 
 fessor Grimm. The Grand Duke and suite visited some of the principal manu- 
 factories in the town. July 6. 
 
 The foundation stone of the south wing of the Royal Infirmary laid by 
 Mr. Thomas Markland, who had been thirty years treasurer to that iDstitution. 
 The ceremony was followed by a public dinner to Mr. Markland, at the Albion 
 Hotel, in recognition of his valuable services to the institution. July S. 
 
 10 and 11 Victoria, cap. 159. Act to incorporate the Huddersfield and Man- 
 chester Railway and Canal Company and the Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manchester 
 Railway Company with the London and North-Western Railway Company. 
 July 9. 
 
 10 and 11 Victoria. Act to enable the mayor, aldermen, and burgesses of 
 the borough of Manchester to construct waterworks for supplying the said 
 borough and several places on the line of the said intended works with water, 
 and for other purposes. July 9. 
 
 Mr. William Hardcastle, cloth-dresser, Back Piccadilly, died July 12, from 
 leaping through his bedroom window in his sleep. He was 67 years of age, 
 and had been for some time a somnambulist. 
 
 Thomas Price, a climbing-boy, aged seven years and seven months, died, 
 partly from the effects of suffocation and burning whilst cleaning a flue at the 
 premises of Messrs. Tennant, Clow, and Co , Jackson Street, Chorlton-upon- 
 Medlock, and partly from ill-usage by his master, who was committed to 
 Kirkdale Gaol to await his trial on a charge of manslaughter. July 15. 
 
 Rev. G. H. Bowers, B.D., the new Dean of Manchester, read himself in at 
 the Collegiate Church, at morning and afternoon services, before numerous 
 congregations, July 18. 
 
 The Right Hon. Thomas Milner Gibson and Mr. John Bright, elected 
 members of Parliament for Manchester. The hustings were in St. Ann's 
 Square. July 29. 
 
 The Roman Catholic Chapel, Cheetham Hill Road, was consecrated by Dr. 
 Brown, Vicar Apostolic of the Lancashire district, to the honour of the Blessed 
 Virgin and St. Chad. The altar in the Ladye Chapel was consecrated by Dr. 
 Briggs, Vicar Apostolic of the Yorkshire district. It was the successor of St. 
 Chad's, Rock Street. (See under date 1774.) August 3. At the opening, August 
 4, in addition to the above named, sixty Roman Catholic clergymen took part 
 in the ceremonial. 
 
 Joseph Speed committed for trial, for the murder of his two children and 
 attempting to murder his wife, August 4. 
 
 A dangerous fire broke out on the premises of Messrs. Mouncey and Stead- 
 man, packing-case makers, Joiner Street, St. Andrew's Lane, August 6. The 
 damages were estimated at £1,120. 
 
 The members of the Jewish community in Manchester presented a con-
 
 1847] Annals of Manchester. 241 
 
 gratulatory address to Baron Rothschild on his election as one of the repre- 
 sentatives of the city of London, August 6. 
 
 A fire broke out in the works in Hargreaves Street, Red Bank, occupied by 
 Messrs. Croom and Whittaker, calico printers, August 7, by which the interior 
 of the premises was wholly destroyed. 
 
 A destructive fire took place in the pile of buildings fronting Market 
 Street, and situate between Pool Street and New Brown Street. The damage 
 was estimated at £30,000. August 11. 
 
 Mr. James Holt Heron, father of Sir Joseph Heron, the first town clerk of 
 Manchester, died August 16, upwards of 70 years of age. 
 
 A new lamp and fountain erected in Smithfield Market, Shudehill, Aug. 21. 
 
 The Count de Montemolin, the eldest son of Don Carlos, and the Infante 
 Don Juan Carlos, visited Manchester, August 24, and were conducted through 
 the principal manufactories. 
 
 Mr. William Brown, M.P., requested by a meeting of the Free Traders of 
 Lancashire to represent them at the Free Trade Congress of All Nations, to be 
 held at Brussels on September 16. August 28. 
 
 Jenny Lind made her first appearance in Manchester, August 28. She 
 performed as Amina in La Sonnambula. On August 31 she was serenaded by 
 the Liedertafel at Rusholme House, the residence of Mrs. Salis Schwabe, 
 whose guest she was. She appeared as Marian in La Figlia, September 2. 
 During her stay she was often seen riding on horseback in the direction of 
 Didsbury. 
 
 Mr. Richard Porter Hewitt died at Manchester, September 1. He was born 
 at Chester in 1790, but had spent the greater part of his life, as a working 
 cabinet maker, in Manchester. He was author of Odes, Reflective and 
 Historical. 
 
 John Jones, a brewer, of Camp Street, scalded to death at the Grecian's 
 Head, Deansgate, September 7, by falling into a mashtub of boiling water. 
 
 The Lancashire Public School Association began operations at No. 3, Cross 
 Street, September 14. Mr. Edwin Waugh was the first secretary. 
 
 The Rev. James Prince Lee, M.A., Head Master of King Edward's Free 
 Grammar School, Birmingham, appointed bishop of the new see of Manchester. 
 October. 
 
 Sir George Philips, Bart., M.P., died October 3. Sir George was the son of 
 Mr. Thomas Philips, of Sedgeley, and was born March 24, 1766, and married bis 
 cousin, October 17, 1788. He was created a baronet on February 21, 1828. He 
 was a member of the firm of J. and N. Philips, Church Street, and was succeeded 
 by his only son, Sir George Richard Philips. Sir George was the author of a 
 pamphlet on The Necessity of a Sjicedy and Effectual Reform in Parliament^ 
 March, 1782, in which he is said to have had the assistance of Dr. F< rriar. 
 He advocated in it the admission of women to the franchise. (Gentleman's 
 Majazinc, December, 1817, p. 636.) 
 
 When the Marquis of Lansdowne, on June 8, moved the first reading of the 
 Bishopric of Manchester Bill, Lord Brougham rose and examined the "bill'' 
 which had been brought in, on which he showed that it was composed of blank 
 sheets of paper ! This ludicrous incident is not mentioned in Hansard. (A/on- 
 Chester G-uardian Local Notes and Queries, No. 6S2.) 
 Q
 
 242 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1847 
 
 Ralph Waldo Emerson visted Manchester, where he arrived October 20, and 
 was received at Victoria Station by Mr. Alexander Ireland, who has written an 
 interesting biographical sketch of his friend. Emerson came by invitation to 
 lecture before various Mechanics' Institutions and other literary associations, 
 and the arrangements were made by Mr. Ireland. For some months Emerson 
 resided in Manchester, from whence, as from a centre, he went forth to lecture. 
 "During his stay in Manchester," says Mr. Ireland, "and just before going to 
 London, to pay a round of visits and to lecture, he invited a number of friends, 
 from various parts of the country, to dine and spend an evening with him at 
 his lodgings in Lower Broughton. His guests were principally young men, 
 ardent, hopeful, enthusiastic, moral and religious reformers, and independent 
 thinkers, gathered together from Birmingham, Sheffield, Nottingham, Liver- 
 pool, Huddersfield, Newcastle, and other towns. One of them, a man of erratic 
 genius and of very straitened means, but nevertheless an inveterate smoker, 
 who not many years ago died in a lunatic asylum in New York, trudged on foot 
 all the way from Huddersfield to be present, and next day performed the same 
 feat homeward. He has left behind him a detailed description of this gathering, 
 written in a rather sarcastic spirit, but curious for its life-like sketches of his 
 fellow-guests. One of the finest spirits assembled on that occasion, Henry 
 Sutton, of Nottingham, whose little volume of poems, in Emerson's opinion, 
 contained pieces worthy of the genius of George Herbert, and who, happily, is 
 still living amongst us, honoured and beloved by his friends, says that the 
 impression on his mind was that the affair went ofT admirably ; that all 
 seemed delighted to have had such an opportunity of coming into closer con- 
 tact with Emerson ; that no one could but feel gratified by his kindliness and 
 gentle dignity ; and that his conduct and manner were perfect. 'Any criticism 
 to the contrary could only excite pity for the writer, if it did not too strongly 
 call for disgust.' It was a memorable symposium. With his fine graciousness 
 of manner and delicate courtesy, Emerson listened with serene amiability and 
 an ineffably sweet smile to everything his young guests had to say, and made 
 them feel, as was his wont, that he was the favoured one of the party, and that 
 he specially was imbibing much wisdom and benefit from their discourse. In 
 the course of the evening, being urgently requested to do so, he read his lecture 
 on Plato, then unpublished, but now in his Eejorcsentative Men." Emerson 
 in his English Traits has several references to Manchester, and passes a fine 
 eulogium upon Mr. Ireland. The soiree of the Manchester Athenaeum, iD 
 November, was presided over by Sir Archibald Alison, and attended by Richard 
 Cobden, George Cruikshank, and others. Emerson made a remarkable speech, 
 which, as printed in the English Traits, differs, to some extent, from the 
 apparently verbatim report in the Manchester Guardian. 
 
 The foundation stone of the Manchester Royal Lunatic Asylum laid at"' 
 Stockport Etchells, by Mr. Thomas Townend, treasurer to the institution. 
 November 3. 
 
 The premises occupied by Mr. Charles Healey, clothes dealer, Shudehill, 
 completely destroyed by fire, December 23. Mr. Healey's daughter, aged 6, and 
 a servant woman, aged 60, were burnt to death by this fire. Damage to stock 
 and building estimated at £1,400. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Nelson, the sculptor of "Venus Attiring," died at his temporary
 
 1848] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 243 
 
 residence, Mary Street, Strangeways, December 26. He was a native of Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Mr. Edward Holme, M.D., died Nov. 28. He was born at Kendal, February 
 17, 1770, and was a student at the Manchester Academy, whence he proceeded 
 to Gottingen and Edinburgh Universities, and graduated M.D. at Leyden. His 
 thesis was printed. He began practice in Manchester in 1794, and was one of 
 the physicians at the Infirmary from 1794 to 182S. He was president of the 
 Literary and Philosophical Society, first president of the Chetham Society, 
 collected a large library, and had the acquaintance of Dr. Samuel Parr and 
 other learned men. He left some property to the Rev. J. G. Robberds, and 
 £2,000 for the support of the Unitarian ministry. A portrait of him, by "Win. 
 Scott, in the rooms of the Literary and Philosophical Society, has been 
 engraved by J. R. Jackson. (Baker's Memorials, p. 117.) A biographical 
 notice of him was read, by Dr. W. C. Henry, before the Provincial Medical and 
 Surgical Association, 1848. 
 
 The Manchester Probate Court instituted. Mr. John Burder was appointed 
 registrar. 
 
 The Branch Bank of England, King Street, erected after a design by Mr: 
 C. R. Cockerill. 
 
 Mr. William Fell died at Clifton, Westmoreland. He was born at Swindale, 
 Shap, Westmoreland, in 1758, and resided successively at Manchester, 
 Warrington", and Lancaster. He was the author of several books and pam- 
 phlets, amongst them being— Hints on the Instruction of Youth, Manchester, 
 1798; System of Political Philosophy, Salford, 1808; Defence of Athletic 
 Diversions, Lancaster, 1818; and Remarks on the Claims of the Chartists, 1839. 
 
 1848. 
 
 Mr. Charles Clayton Ambery, bookseller, died January 4. 
 
 A great banquet was held at the Free Trade Hall, to celebrate the triumph 
 of the Anti-Corn-Law League, January 27. 
 
 Mr. Paul Dyson, who was well known in sporting circles, found drowned 
 near Holt Town reservoir, February 1. 
 
 The foundation stone of St. Margaret's Church, Whalley Range, was laid 
 February 11, by Dr. Lee, Bishop of Manchester, immediately after his enthrone- 
 ment at the Cathedral on the same day. The consecration took place April 8, 
 1849. Mr. T. P. Harrison, of London, was the architect. The first rector was 
 the Rev. John Hutton Crowder, who died at Bromsgrove, October, 1883, 
 aged 63. 
 
 A boiler explosion on the premises of Mr. Thomas Riley, spindle and fly 
 maker, 7, Medlock Street, Ardwiek, February 11. Twelve persons were 
 killed. 
 
 A copy of The Lcayuc newspaper, in three volumes, presented to Miss 
 Todman, King Inn, Oldham Street, with the following inscription in gold 
 letters : "Presented to Miss Todman, as a small tribute of respect and esteem 
 for her laudable exertions in the great cause of commercial freedom." 
 February 14. 
 
 Mr. David Stott, of Butler Street, died February 26, aged 60. He was the 
 founder of St. Paul's Sunday School, Bennett Street, at one time the largest of
 
 244 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1848 
 
 its kind in the county, numbering 2,000 scholars, and was connected with it as 
 an active and zealous labourer from its commencement in 1801 to the time of 
 his death. He first originated the Sunday School Sick and Burial Society, 
 which he established in the above school, and which had dispensed pecuniary 
 relief to its members, during the 35 years preceding his death, amounting to 
 more than £7,000. (Bennett Street Memorials.) 
 
 Serious riots occurred in the neighbourhood of New Cross, when some of 
 the mills in the neighbourhood were attacked by the mob. Seven of the rioters 
 were committed for trial at the- assizes, charged with being concerned in an 
 attack on Messrs. Kennedy's mill, Ancoats. March 8, 9. 
 
 Blackf riars Bridge was opened to the public by Mr. William Jenkinson, the 
 mayor, and the other public authorities of Salford. The gates were lifted off 
 the hinges, whilst the bars and lamp were demolished and removed, and the 
 bridge declared " free to the public for ever." The proceedings were witnessed 
 by a large crowd. March 10. The opening of the bridge was celebrated by a 
 cold collation in the large room of the Salford Town Hall, March 11. About 
 125 of the principal inhabitants were present. 
 
 A great Chartist meeting was held in front of the Salford Town Hall, 
 March 13, to move a congratulatory address to the people of France on their 
 establishment of the republic. 
 
 A great meeting was held in the Free Trade Hall, March 17, to promote 
 a fraternisation between the Chartists and the Irish Repealers. On the Satur- 
 day there was a soiree at the Town Hall. Messrs. F. O'Connor, M.P., Roberts 
 and T. F. Meagher were amongst the speakers. (Gammage's History of the 
 Chartist Movement, p. 319.) 
 
 A great demonstration in the Town Hall, King Street, March IS, in favour 
 of the Repeal oi the Union between England and Ireland. 
 
 A meeting of the friends and congregation of Dr. John William Massie 
 was held to express their esteem for him, previous to his departure for London 
 to undertake the duties of secretary to the Home Missionary Society. March. 
 
 A conference between the unemployed operatives and the mayor and 
 magistrates of Manchester was held in the Town Hall, April 1, respecting the 
 privations of their class and the means of relieving them. The deputation was 
 requested to furnish the guardians with a list of persons requiring relief. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Roebuck, of Great Jackson Street, Hulme, died April 1, aged 87 
 years. He had been a member of the Wesleyan Methodist Societj' sixty-two 
 years, and a teacher in the Bridgewater Street Sabbath School forty-five years. 
 
 At the Chartist National Convention, which opened 4th April at London, 
 Manchester was represented by Daniel Donovan and James Leach, who in one 
 of the debates said he should " say nothing oi physical or moral force, but leave 
 that to the chapter of accidents." (Gammage's History of the Chartist Move- 
 ment, p. 325.) The Salford representative was J. Hoy. 
 
 A Chartist meeting was held in Stephenson Square, April 4, for the purpose 
 of petitioning Parliament for the liberation of Frost, Williams, and Jones. 
 
 Richard Baron Howard, M.D., died at York, April 9. He was 
 educated at Edinburgh University. Immediately after taking his degree 
 he settled in Manchester. He was one of the physician's clerks in the 
 Infirmary, and was afterwards successively physician to the Ardwick and
 
 1848] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 245 
 
 Ancoats Dispensary and the Royal Infirmary. He wrote a treatise on the 
 morbid effects of insufficient food, and was selected by the Poor-law Com- 
 missioners to prepare a report on the sanitary condition of Manchester. In 
 this valuable production he was the first to point out many causes of disease 
 which lurk in crowded localities. 
 
 A Temperance conference was held in Manchester on April 13 and two 
 following days. 
 
 A Chartist meeting was held on Sunday, April 16, at Smithfield, and was 
 said to have been attended by 100,000 persons. On the 17th it was stated in the 
 National Convention that the Chartist petition from Manchester had received 
 170,000 signatures. 
 
 Mr. Edwin Butterworth died of typhus fever, at Busk, Oldham, April 19, 
 aged 36. He was the author of a variety of publications relating to the local 
 history of South Lancashire, and assisted Mr. Edward Baines in the compila- 
 tion of the History of Lancashire. Mr. Butterworth's Tabula Mancuniensis 
 may be regarded as the foundation of the Annals of Manchester. There is a 
 notice of him in the Dictionary of National Biography. 
 
 At the Warwick Assizes, in April, the Bishop of Manchester prosecuted 
 Mr. Thomas Gutteridge, a surgeon, for libel. Mr. Gutteridge had charged the 
 Bishop with harshness, partiality, and acts of intoxication. After a long trial 
 the jury returned a verdict for the Bishop. 
 
 Serious apprehensions were felt of a Chartist rising, and in consequence 
 the number of special constables sworn in to assist in keeping the peace of the 
 town amounted to about 12,000. April. 
 
 The Right Hon. T. M. Gibson, M.P., resigned his office of Vice-President of 
 the Board of Trade. April. 
 
 A great Irish Repeal meeting was held in Stevenson Square, May 18, "for 
 the purpose of expressing the opinions entertained by the great democr.u i<- 
 body in Manchester and Salford respecting the incarceration and pending 
 prosecutions of Messrs. O'Brien, Meagher, and Mitchell." 
 
 Turn-out of the Tib Street oakum pickers on account of an increase in their 
 hours of labour. May 19. 
 
 Under the south gallery of St. John's Chui'ch, Deansgate, is a mural 
 monument of Caen stone, with the inscription, "In memory of William 
 Marsden, who presided over the committee which obtained for Manchester, in 
 1813, the Saturday half-holiday. He died May, 184S, aged 27 years. In affec- 
 tionate remembrance of his private worth, and in commemoration of the cause 
 in which he felt so deep an interest, this monument is raised by the contribu- 
 tions of those who have been benefitted by his efforts. ' Cast thy bread upon 
 the waters, for then shalt thou find it after many days.' " 
 
 11 Victoria, cap. 3. Act for the consecration of a portion of the Manche-t i r 
 General Cemetery. June 9. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Fleming died at Broughton View, Pendleton, June 26. Ee was 
 born in Water Street September 20, 1707, and was a successful merchant and a 
 man of public spirit. To him is said to be Largely due the improvement of 
 Market Streel in L820, and the erection of Blackfriars Bridge in the preceding 
 year. To him also is due the appropriation of the gas profits to public pur- 
 poses. He was president of the " Sociable Club," and a member of John Shaw's
 
 246 Annals of Manchester 
 
 [1848 
 
 club. He was buried at the Blind Asylum Chapel, Old Trafford. There is a 
 statue of him by E. H. Bailey in the Manchester Cathedral. 
 
 The first annual dinner of the Manchester Licensed Victuallers' Society, at 
 the Albion Hotel, Piccadilly, July 19. 
 
 11 and 12 Victoria, cap. 8C>. Act for vesting in the Manchester, Sheffield, 
 and Lincolnshire Railway Company the canal navigation from Manchester to 
 or near Ashton-under-Lyne and Oldham. July 22. 
 
 11 and 12 Victoria, cap. 94. Act for vesting in the Manchester, Sheffield, 
 and Lincolnshire Railway Company the Sheffield Canal. July 22. 
 
 11 and 12 Victoria, cap. 101. Act to alter, amend, and enlarge the powers 
 and provisions of the Manchester Corporation Waterworks Act, 1847. July 22. 
 
 At the July sessions of the Central Criminal Court, Williams, Jones, 
 Francis Looney, and other Chartists were tried. 
 
 Mrs. Henry Burdett died at London in July. She was the elder sister 
 (Fanny) of Charles Dickens. Her husband was a distinguished operatic singer, 
 but having conceived conscientious objections to the stage, he settled in Man- 
 chester as a teacher of music. Both husband and wife were members of the 
 Congregational Church at Rusholme Road, and conductors of the choir there. 
 They were visited by the elder Mr. and Mrs. Dickens, as well as by Charles 
 Dickens, who, from their little deformed child Harry, took his first idea of 
 Paul Dombey. Fanny Dickens is buried in Highgate Cemetry. (Forster's 
 Life of Dickens ; Griffin's Memories of the Past, pp. 165-210; Dickens's 
 Letters.) 
 
 The rumours and alarming events connected with the Chartists and Irish 
 Confederates about this time induced the magistrates of Manchester to take 
 strong measures for breaking up the secret clubs and organisation of these two 
 bodies. At ten o'clock on the night of August 3 a force of three hundred police 
 constables was concentrated at the Oldham Road Station, and there formed 
 into five divisions under the command of Captain Willis, Mr. Beswick, and 
 the different superintendents of the Manchester force. These bodies of police- 
 made a simultaneous visit to the Chartist clubrooms in the neighbourhood of 
 Ancoats and Oldham Road, and arrested the following persons : James Leach, 
 Thomas Whittaker, Henry Ellis, Daniel Donovan, John Joseph Finnigan, 
 Patrick Devlin, Michael Corrigan, George Rogers, Thomas Rankin, Joshua 
 Lemon, Henry Williams, George Webber, George White, Thomas Dowlin, and 
 Samuel Kearns. 
 
 The Roman Catholic Cathedral Church of St. John the Evangelist, in 
 Salford, opened August 9. Eight Roman Catholic bishops— Dr. Briggs, Dr. 
 Wareing, Dr. Wiseman, Dr. Brown, Dr. Morris, Dr. Sharpies, Dr. Devereux, 
 Dr. Daniel Devereux— the Rev. Dr. Milley, the Rev. Wm. Cobb, father pro- 
 vincial of the Society of Jesus in England, and one hundred and thirty priests, 
 tooii t>art in the ceremonial of the clay. The Earl of Arundel and Surrey, the 
 Hon. Charles Langdale, Count D' Alton, the Hon. Thomas Stonor, Sir William 
 Lawson, Sir Thomas and Lady de Trafford, and a large number of Roman Catholic 
 gentry were present. Dr. Wiseman preached. At the close of the services 
 upwards of 300 ladies and gentlemen partook of a cold collation in the large 
 room of the Salford Town Hall. 
 
 11 and 12 Victoria, cap. 5. Act to authorise grants in fee and leases for
 
 1848] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 247 
 
 long terms of years, for building purposes, of the denied estate of Mr. 
 John Newton, deceased, situate at Gorton, in the parish of Manchester. 
 August 14. 
 
 11 and 12 Victoria, cap. 14G. Act for altering and amending an Act passed 
 for maintaining the road from Crossfield Bridge to Manchester, and a branch 
 connected therewith. August 14. 
 
 11 and 12 Victoria, cap. 145. Act for continuing the term of an Act passed 
 in the eighth year of the reign of King George IV., intituled an Act for more 
 effectually repairing and maintaining the road from Hulme across the river 
 Irwell, through Salford, to Eccles, and a branch of road communicating there- 
 with, so far as relates to the road from Hulme to Eccles, for the purpose of 
 enabling the trustees to pay off the debt now due on the said roads. August 14. 
 
 Alderman William Burd died at his house in Higher Broughton, August 18, 
 aged 59. He had been one of the aldermanic body since the incorporation of the 
 town, and in that capacity he represented successively the Cheetham and the 
 New Cross Wards. Mr. Burd was an ardent reformer, and a zealous sup- 
 porter of the principles of civil and religious liberty, and he took an active 
 interest in the operations of the Anti-Corn Law League. 
 
 Jenny Lind again visited the town, and appeared as Lucia, September 
 9th, and as Amina on the 11th. In this and in a preceding visit she was sup- 
 psrted by F. Lablache. 
 
 Forty-six Chartist leaders and orators were indicted for conspiracy, and a 
 true bill found against the whole by the grand jury of the South Lancashire 
 Assizes at Liverpool, and bench warrants issued for their apprehension. The 
 best known of the prisoners was Dr. P. M. M'Douall, who was sentenced to 
 two years' imprisonment. The remaining trials did not come on until December, 
 when various sentences of imprisonment were passed. August 22. 
 
 Robert Houdin, the conjurer, at the Theatre Royal, from August 22 to 
 September 6. He gives a very amusing account of his first appearance in 
 Manchester in his Memoirs, vol. ii., pp. 137-147. 
 
 Mr. Russell Scott Taylor, B.A., died at his house, the Laurels, September 1G, 
 aged 25. He was the eldest son of the late Mf. John Edward Taylor, and was 
 one of the proprietors and editors of the Manchester Guardian, with which 
 journal he had been actively connected since the death of his father. He was 
 held in the highest esteem by all who knew him, for his amiable disposition 
 and intellectual acquirements. Previous to his attendance at the London 
 University, where he took the degree of B.A. in the session of 1845, he was 
 honourably distinguished on various occasions at the examinations of the Man- 
 chester College. 
 
 The Duchess of Cambridge and suite visited Heaton Park, the seat of the 
 Earl of Wilton. There was a grand review in the park of all the troops 
 stationed at Manchester, September 22. 
 
 The inscription stone of the Borough Gaol, Hyde Road, laid by Mr. Elkanah 
 Armitage, mayor, October 9. 
 
 An elegant candelabrum presented to Major-General Wemyss, at the 
 residence of Mr. Elkanah Armitage, The Priory, Pendleton, November 8, as a 
 public testimony of his services as military commander of the district from 1836 
 to 1842.
 
 248 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1848 
 
 Colonel George Hibbert, C.B., died in London, November 12, at the age of 
 56. He joined the 40th regiment (the old X L's), at Toulouse in 1814 and fought 
 at Waterloo. Mr. Hibbert commanded his regiment in Afghanistan in 1838-42 
 with ability that led the Duke of Wellington to place his nephew, Dr. Hibbert- 
 Ware's son, amongst the candidates for a commission without purchase, which 
 he accordingly received. He was wounded in the Crimean War. Colonel 
 Hibbert was appointed C.B. in 1842. He was buried at Ardwick Cemetery 
 with military honours. (Life of S. Hibbert-Ware ; Falatine Note-book, 
 vol. i., p. 37.) 
 
 The Gaythorn Cotton Works, belonging to Mr. James Fernley, cotton 
 spinner, were destroyed by fire, November 15. Damage, £21,000. 
 
 Arthur Sidney Matthews, the son of Mr. Samuel Matthews, surgeon, died 
 November 29, aged 4 years and 9 months. He was an infant prodigy, remark- 
 able for the largeness of his body and the rapid development of his mental 
 powers. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Hibbert-Ware, M.D., died December 30. He was born at Man- 
 chester, April 21, 1782, and was the son of Mr. Samuel Hibbert, a merchant. He 
 achieved distinction alike as geologist and archaeologist. He served for six 
 years as lieutenant of militia. After graduating M.D. at Edinburgh, he visited 
 the Shetland Islands, of which he published an account in 1820. He resided for 
 some years at Edinburgh, but the later part of his life was spent at Hale Barns 
 near Bowdon. In 1837 he assumed, by royal licence, the name of Ware, as 
 representative of the family of Sir James Ware, the historian of Ireland. His 
 principal work is the History of the Collegiate Church of Manchester 
 (forming part of the work known as the Foundations of Manchester), and the 
 Memorials of the Rebellion of Lancashire in 1715. The Life and Corresp>on- 
 dence of the late- Samuel Hibbert-Ware, by Mrs. Hibbert-Ware, Manchester, 
 1882, contains a full account of his scientific and literary labours, and much 
 interesting information as to the affairs of the locality in the century following 
 the rebellion of 1745. A briefer notice of him, with a portrait, is given in the 
 Palatine Note-book, vol. i., p. 37. He is buried at Ardwick Cemetery. 
 
 The Regent Bridge, Salford, which since its opening in 1808 had been a pay 
 bridge, was made free of toll. 
 
 Mr. Ernest Jones was arrested at Manchester on a charge of sedition, for 
 the words of a speech at the Chartist meeting on Kennington Common. 
 
 A large Chartist meeting held in the Hall of Science, attended by some 3,000 
 people. The object was to hear from Fergus O'Conor a reply to some charges 
 made against him, in connection with the land scheme, by some of his associates 
 and by Alexander Somerville in the Manchester Examiner. The meeting 
 was enthusiastically in favour of O'Conor. (Gammage's History of the Chartist 
 Movement, p. 310.) 
 
 It was probably in 1848 that a small book appeared entitled Original 
 Hymns for the Use of the People called Nazarenes, wherein the Spirituality 
 or Lnternal Signification of the Sacred Scriptures are laid open. By J. 
 Stuart, junior. Printed at the Nazarene office, 14, Foster Street, Ardwick. 
 The author of this curious work is perhaps the Joseph Stuart, of Foster 
 Street, who is described as a portrait painter in the Manchester Directory 
 of 1S48.
 
 1849] Annals of Manchester. 249 
 
 1849. 
 
 The Salford Borough Museum and Library, Peel Park, was opened to the 
 public, January 9. The circumstances of its foundation are detailed in 
 Edwards's Free Town Libraries. 
 
 A great meeting of the Liberal electors was held in the Free Trade Hall, 
 January 10, for the consideration of the question of financial reform and 
 retrenchment, and for deciding upon the best means of speedily and effectively 
 reducing the enormous expenditure of the country. Five thousand five 
 hundred persons were present. Messrs. Cobden, Bright, and the Hon. T. M. 
 Gibson addressed the meeting. It was resolved to co-operate with the Liver- 
 pool Financial Reform Association and other bodies in their efforts to reduce 
 the expenditure to at least the standard of 1835. 
 
 Three men were killed by the fall of one of the South Junction Railway 
 arches at the bottom of Gloucester Street, behind Little Ireland. January 20. 
 
 Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Arbuthnot died January 26, aged 72. He 
 was born in 1776, entered the army as an ensign in the 29th Foot in 1794, 
 and served in the Gape of Good Hope, in the Peninsula. He was twice wounded. 
 He was created a K.C.B. in 1815. In 1826 he was sent to Portugal in command 
 of a brigade. He afterwards commanded a district in Ireland, and having 
 attained the rank of Lieutenant-General, in 1838, was appointed general in 
 command of the Northern Midland Districts, which command he retained till 
 his death. Sir Thomas had a considerable military reputation, and the good 
 opinion which the Duke of Wellington entertained of his judgment and 
 efficiency was proved by his having selected him for the newly-constituted com- 
 mand at Manchester at a time when the Chartists were causing a good deal of 
 anxiety in this country. A memoir of Arbuthnot will be found in the 
 Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 2, p. 67. 
 
 A banquet was held at the Free Trade Hall, January 31, in celebration of 
 the final repeal of the Corn Laws. Upwards of three thousand persons were 
 present, including twenty Members of Parliament and two hundred merchants 
 and persons of influence. Mr. George Wilson presided. 
 
 The new church of St. Simon, Springfield Lane, was consecrated by the 
 Bishop of Manchester, February 26. This was the first parish church erected 
 under Sir Robert Peel's Act. The architect was Mr. Richard Lane, and the 
 cost was £6,010. 
 
 Earl Cathcart was appointed to the military command of the Northern 
 District, and arrived in Manchester March 1. 
 
 The incumbency of the new church of St. John the Evangelist, Broughton, 
 presented to the Rev. Frank Bovvcher Wright, of Handborough, near Oxford, 
 by the trustees, March 2. 
 
 The Manchester Exchange was opened by a full-dress ball in aid of the 
 funds of the Public Baths and "Washhouses. March 18. 
 
 A meeting, convened by the mayor, was held a1 i he Tffw n Hall " to consider 
 the propriety of petitioning Parliament in favour of the establishment of a 
 general system of secular education in this country, to be supported by local 
 rates, and mana e<l l>\ local authorities elected by the ratepayers specially for 
 that purpose.'.' March 29.
 
 250 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1849 
 
 Mr. George Henry Lewes was in Manchester in March and April. In addi- 
 tion to lecturing on " Speculative Philosophy " at the Athenaeum, he appeared 
 as Shylock, at the Theatre Royal, March 10, and in his own play, The Noble 
 Heart, on April 16 and 19. His conception of Shylock— that of the vindication 
 of his oppressed race — was not regarded as a success. 
 
 James Robinson, "the Ebony Phenomenon," a well-known pugilist, died of 
 cholera June 11, in his twenty-first year. He is buried in Rusholme Road 
 Cemetery. " A real genius in his profession " is the verdict of Procter. (Our 
 Turf, &c, p. 87.) 
 
 The town was again visited by Asiatic cholera. The first death occurred 
 in Redfern Street, Miller Street, June 11. The cholera was prevalent in 
 September. 
 
 Broughton Silk Mills, Broughton Road, completely destroyed by fire, June 
 16. The damage to stock and building was estimated at £40,000. 
 
 Mr. Robert Rose, the " bard of colour," died in St. Stephen Street, Salford, 
 June 19. He was a West Indian creole, born in 1806, and long resident in 
 Manchester. He wrote The Coronation, 1838, a variety of occasional verses. 
 Some amusing particulars are given of him in Procter's Literary Reminiscences 
 and Lithgow's Life of J. C. Prince, p. 134. 
 
 Sir Robert Peel died at his residence, Whitehall, July 2, from injuries 
 received by a fall from his horse. He was born on the 5th of February, 1788, at 
 Chamber Hall, Bury, near Manchester. His career belongs to English history, 
 and it is not necessary here to detail the career of a statesman who preferred 
 the claims of the nation to those of his party. His name will ever be associated 
 with the Repeal of the Corn Laws, and with the establishment of Free Trade. 
 
 Day and Sunday schools in connection with Cavendish Street Chapel were 
 opened July 5. 
 
 Mr. John Greaves, justice of the peace and a deputy lieutenant of the 
 county of Lancaster, died at his residence, Irlam Hall, July 8. 
 
 The Manchester Law Clerks' Friendly Society was established in July. 
 Manchester Temperance Reporter. No. 1 of this periodical was issued 
 in August. About a score of weekly numbers followed. It was edited by Mr. 
 Samuel Pope (afterwards Q.C.). The contributors included Alexander Somer- 
 ville, Edwin Waugh, J. C. Prince, and others. (City News Notes and Queries, 
 vol. i., p. 201). 
 
 The Revds. James Everett, Samuel Dunn, and William Griffiths were 
 expelled from the Wesleyan Connexion by the Conference then sitting in 
 Oldham Street Chapel. August. 
 
 A meeting convened by the Mayor was held in the Town Hall to condemn 
 the interference of the Russian and French Governments in the affairs of 
 Hungary and Rome. August 9. 
 
 The foundation stone of a new Wesleyan school, in connection with 
 Ebenezer Chapel, Red Bank, was laid by Mr. Francis Parnell. August 10. 
 
 The Rev. James Bardsley appointed to *-he incumbency of the new St. 
 Philip's Church, Bradford Road, by the trustees, August 13. 
 
 Colonel Walters arrived in town commissioned to undertake the command 
 of the Royal Engineers in the Manchester district, August 21. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Wood, B.A., Unitarian minister, died at London, August 23.
 
 1849] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 251 
 
 He was born at Manchester, January 1, 1797. He was the author of Prayers 
 for Sunday Schools, etc. ; Bible Stories, 1831 ; Scripture Geography ; The 
 Convent and the Railway ; a Sermon, 1845. (Christian Reformer, November, 
 1819.) 
 
 The Rev. William Shelmerdine died, August 30, aged 90. He had been 
 for sixty years a preacher of the Gospel in connection with the Wesleyan 
 Methodists. 
 
 The foundation stone of the Temperance Hall, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, was 
 laid by Mr. William Morris, September 1. 
 
 A dreadful thunderstorm occurred in Manchester and the neighbourhood, 
 September 1. 
 
 The Episcopal Chapel in Heathfield, Greenheys, put up for sale by auction, 
 by Mr. George Robins, of London, at £3,000, but there was not a single bid in 
 advance, and the salii could not be effected. September 4. 
 
 John Richardson, of Ardwick, was killed by being stabbed with two pieces 
 of red-hot iron by a blacksmith named Lee, September G. 
 
 The foundation stone of the Presbyterian Church and Schools, Grosvenor 
 Square, was laid September 12. 
 
 In accordance with the plan laid down by the Vice-Chancellor of England, 
 in his decree of January 10, new trustees of the Manchester Grammar School 
 were selected from persons residing in the town of Manchester. The following 
 gentlemen were the members of the new trust : Sir Elkanah Armitage, 
 Messrs. John Mayson, E. R. Langworthy, R. N. Philips, Robert Barbour, 
 Thomas Hunter, W. B. Watkins, Oliver Heywood, C. H. Rickards, Thomas 
 Armstrong. John Peel, and J. C. Harter. September. 
 
 Mr. W. C. Macready made his farewell appearance at the Theatre Royal in 
 the character of Hamlet on October 9. He delivered a farewell address, which 
 was interrupted by frequent applause. On the day preceding, an address was 
 presented to him by the Manchester Shaksperean Society. His father was 
 lessee 1806-9. When Macready had made his name as an actor he performed in 
 the town in 1823, 1824, 1828, 1S30, 1833-35, 1845-49. There are many references to 
 the town in his Reminiscences. 
 
 Mr. John Brooks died at his residence, Clarendon House, Cheetham Hill, 
 Oct. 27. He was the son of Mr. Wm. Brooks, of the firm of Cunliffe and Brooks, 
 bankers, and brother of Mr. Samuel Brooks, of Whalley House, Manchester, 
 the successor of their father in the bank. He was born at Whalley in 1786, and 
 began business as a calico printer in 1S09, in partnership with Mr. Butterworth 
 Mr. Brooks's experience gave him an advantage in the discussion of commercial 
 politics over men more practised in eloquence — as, for instance, his examinat ion 
 of Lord Stanley, at Lancaster, in 1841, silenced his lordship on mercantile 
 statistics for several years after. His mode of speaking, and embodying his 
 speeches with facts, was original and forcible, and strikingly characteristic of 
 the blunt plainness and truthfulness of the man. He was one of the earliest 
 and most zealous members of the Council of the Anti-Corn-Law League, and 
 till its dissolution continued to be one of the hardest workers. In May, is is. 
 being impaired in health, by the unresting strain upon his physical and mental 
 energies, he went for change to the United States, but returned without 
 deriving permanent benefit. lie was not only liberal with his purse and his
 
 252 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 11850 
 
 personal services for favourite political measures and men, but tolerant of other 
 men's opinions. He was remarkably generous to his dependents. On one 
 occasion, information reached him that he had lost the sum of £70,000, lent to a 
 person who seemed to have large property, and who assured him it was unin- 
 cumbered. It turned out that the property was mortgaged to its full amount 
 when the assurance was made. Mr. Brooks went to his warehouse chagrined, 
 and told his manager that he had been so deceived that he was resolved to 
 cease to lend money — to stop his charities— and spend nothing. While he was 
 yet speaking, a woman with some ragged children were observed in the passage. 
 Apparently unconscious of what he had said, he ordered a shilling to be given. 
 The clerk reminded him of his resolution. " Well, well," said he, " but don't 
 begin with this woman and her children." He never did begin such a change 
 Death only closed the charities of a life that was as benevolent as it was manly 
 and upright. 
 
 Mr. John Isherwood died, October 29. He was possessed of a pure bass 
 voice of rare compass, a refined taste, and correct judgment, and lacked 
 nothing but the necessary practice to place him in the highest rank of vocalists. 
 He was among the best glee singers of his day, and for many years devoted 
 himself gratuitously to the services of the Choral Society and Glee Club of this 
 town. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Rawlinson Faulkner died in London. He was born at Man- 
 chester in 17S7, where he was a portrait painter, and exhibited at the Royal 
 Academy. 
 
 Harriet Martineau visited Manchester, and was the guest of Mr. S. D. 
 Darbishire. {Autobiography, vol. iii., p. 354.) 
 
 1850. 
 
 A lady, named Novelli, residing in Higher Broughton, was murdered by her 
 brother-in-law, Mr. A. Novelli, who was insane, and who afterwards hung 
 himself from the bed-post. January 20. 
 
 A meeting of the Financial and Parliamentary Reform Association was 
 held in the Free Trade Hall, January 29, under the presidency of Mr. G. 
 Wilson. 
 
 A hurricane of a more destructive nature than any known in England for 
 many years visited this neighbourhood, February 5. 
 
 A fire at All Saints' Church, Oxford Road, destroyed the greater part of the 
 structure, February 6. The fire arose from the burning of Christmas decorations 
 in the stove. Some embers lodging in the flue are thought to have set fire to 
 the wooden workplate. The damage caused was between £3,000 and £4,000. 
 An engraving of the disaster is given in the Illustrated London News, Febru- 
 ary 16. The church was reopened September 26. 
 
 Temperance Reporter and Journal of Useful Literature, No. 1, February 
 9. Five or six numbers appeared. The editors were Samuel Pope and Joseph 
 Johnson. (City News Notes and Queries, vol. i., p. 201.) 
 
 Bateman's Buildings, Deansgate, were destroyed by fire, March 9. The 
 damage was estimated at £2,000. 
 
 The Manchester Poor Law Union dissolved March 25. It was replaced by a 
 Board of Guardians elected annually. The first election was in May.
 
 1850] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 253 
 
 Lord John Russell and Lady Russell visited Manchester, April 2. During 
 their stay of four days they visited the principal works, and addresses were 
 presented to them by the Corporations of Manchester and Salford. They were 
 the guests of Sir Benjamin Heywood, Bart., Claremont. 
 
 St. Philip's Church, Bradford, was consecrated by Bishop Lee, April 5. The 
 architect was Mr. E. H. Shellard, and the cost of erection £4,230. It has 1060 
 sittings. 
 
 The Hall of Science, Campfield, purchased by Alderman John Potter (Mayor 
 of Manchester), for £1,200, for the purpose of a Free Library. April. 
 
 Mr. Francis Philips died May 6. He was born at Manchester, September 27, 
 1771. He was the author of History of Johnny Shuttle and his Cottage : a Tale 
 Interesting to the Inhabitants of Manchester, 1809; Exposure of the Calum- 
 nies against the Magistrates and Yeomanry, 1819, &c. (Gentleman's Maga- 
 zine, August, 1850, p. 217.) 
 
 The North of England Tulip and Horticultural Show held in the Corn 
 Exchange, May 28. This is said to have been the first show of the kind held in 
 Manchester. 
 
 The Orion steamship was wrecked on her passage from Liverpool to 
 Glasgow, when Mr. John Roby, of Rochdale (author of the Traditions of Lan- 
 cashire), and 40 other persons were lost. A narrative of this disaster was 
 published, written by the Rev. Joseph Clarke, M.A., of Stretford, one of the 
 survivors. June. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Town Hall, July 8, for the purpose of considering 
 the propriety of a monument in memory of Sir Robert Peel. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Stott died at Manchester, July 26. He was born at Man- 
 chester, November 24, 1813, and after being educated at Chetham's College was 
 apprenticed to a bookbinder, in which trade he worked all his life. He was 
 author of Songs for the Million (with memoir), Middleton, 1843. 
 
 Two sermons were preached in St. John's Catholic Church, Salford, July 28, 
 by Dr. Wiseman, previous to his setting out for Rome to receiye a cardinal's 
 hat from the Pope. 
 
 13 and 14 Victoria, cap. 41. Act to authorise the division of the parish of 
 Manchester in several parishes, and for the application of the revenues of the 
 Collegiate and Parish Church, and for other purposes. July 29. 
 
 Rev. Robinson Elsdale, D.D. (Oxford, 1S3S), died at Wrington, August 8, 
 aged 67. Dr. Elsdale was the son of Captain Robinson Elsdale, the hero and 
 partly the author of Captain Marryat's Privatcersman. Dr. Elsdale was born 
 March 26, 1783, and became second master and in 1838, or 1837, head master of 
 the Manchester Free Grammar School, but failing health compelled Ids retire- 
 ment in 1840. In addition to his scholastic work Dr. Elsdale performed that of 
 a parisli priest, having been successively curate of Cheetham Hill and Chorlton, 
 and from 1819 to his death was incumbent of Stretford. (Manchester School 
 Hcgister, vol. iii., p. 8.) 
 
 13 and 14 Victoria. Act to enable the Council of the borough of Manchester 
 to determine their liability to defray the expenses of customs in respect of 
 goods warehoused in the said borough, and to authorise the Commissioners of 
 Her Majesty's Treasury to direct the discunt inuanee of the further warehousing 
 of goods in such warehouses without payment of duty. August 1 I.
 
 254 Annals of Manchester. [i850 
 
 The seventh meeting of the British Archaeological Association was held in 
 the Town Hall, August 19, and five following days. Mr. James Heywood, M.P., 
 F.R.S., and F.S.A., presided. 
 
 Mr. Charles Kenworthy died July 31. He was born in Manchester, Sept. 12, 
 1773, and was a pattern-maker by trade. His first poetical fancies were printed 
 in the Manchester Gazette. In 1808 he published a pamphlet of poetry and 
 politics, entitled A Peep into the Temjrfe. This was followed by other small 
 ventures. In 1847 he issued his scattered verses under the title of Original 
 Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects. He is buried at Rusholme Road Cemetery, 
 and on his gravestone is the epitaph, " Here slumbers Sorrow's child." (Proc- 
 ter's Reminiscences, p. 108.) 
 
 Mr. A. J. Scott, Professor of English Language in the London University, 
 was appointed first principal of the Owens College, October 22. 
 
 A conference of delegates, from various parts of England, on Secular 
 Education, held in the Mechanics' Institution, Cooper Street, October 30. 
 
 A public meeting, in connection with Secular Education, was held in the 
 Corn Exchange, Hanging Ditch, October 31. 
 
 At a conference of the Lancashire Public School Association, November 1, 
 the name of the association was changed to the National Public Schools 
 Association. 
 
 The Royal Museum in Peel Park formally opened by the Mayor of Salford, 
 in the presence of Mr. Joseph Brotherton, M.P., and other influential gentle- 
 men, November 4. 
 
 The National Public Schools Association held its first meeting under its 
 new name, November 4. 
 
 At a meeting of the Chamber of Commerce, November 7, it was resolved to 
 send out Mr. Alexander Mackay on a mission to India, to ascertain the real 
 obstacles preventing an ample supply of cotton from that country. 
 
 The Protestant inhabitants of Manchester held a meeting in the Free Trade 
 Hall, November 21, to consider what steps should be taken in regard to the 
 territorial designations adopted by the Roman Catholic prelates. The action of 
 the Papacy was denounced as an unwarrantable aggression, and the Ecclesi. 
 astical Titles Bill was passed in hot haste. 
 
 The Church Reform Association dissolved November 24. It was formed 
 March 12, 1847. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Wilson died at Woodhouses, November, aged 62. He was a silk 
 weaver at Middleton, who engaged in discussion with Richard Carlile and other 
 Freethinkers. Wilson was a Swedenborgian, and shortly before his death gave 
 a series of theological lectures in Hulme, which have been printed. {The 
 Daivn, July 17, 1884.) 
 
 The extension of the Manchester Exchange was completed in November. 
 The cost was £86,000. 
 
 Mr. William Sturgeon died Dec. 8. He was born in 1783, at Lancaster 
 where his father was an idle shoemaker. At one time he was an artilleryman, 
 and a terrific thunderstorm turned his curiosity in the direction of electrical 
 science, and his discoveries were of great importance. He was "without doubt 
 the originator of the electro-magnet." He came to Manchester in 1838 to super- 
 intend the Victoria Gallery of Practical Science, which failed. Throughout his
 
 1351] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 255 
 
 life, labour and poverty were his lot, and at last a Government pension of £50 
 was granted to him, but he only enjoyed it for a year and a quarter. He founded 
 and conducted the Annals of Electricity, in ten volumes. In 1S49 his 
 scientific papers were collected in a large quarto volume. (Smith's Centenary, 
 p. 266.) 
 
 The Hon. Abbott Lawrence, United States Minister, visited Manchester, 
 December 16. 
 
 A ball in aid of the Salford and Pendleton Dispensary realised £764. 
 
 The Manchester Borough Gaol, in Hyde Road, was completed. 
 
 Springfield Lane Bridge was built. 
 
 A fire occurred at Messrs. Westhead and Co.'s, Piccadilly. A fireman was 
 killed, and another died shortly afterwards, from the injuries he received. The 
 damage was estimated at £90,000. 
 
 The private carriages in Manchester and Salford numbered 1,009, drawn by 
 1,300 horses. There were 64 omnibuses, drawn by 387 horses ; 974 horses for 
 riding, and 2,108 draught horses ; 187 hackney coaches and cabs, drawn by 408 
 horses— making a total of 1,260 public and private vehicles, drawn by 3,877 
 horses. 
 
 A Chartist meeting was held in the People's Institute, at which it was 
 resolved to adopt a proposal of O'Conor's for a conference to be held in this city 
 on New Year's Day following. This suggestion had been opposed by Mr. 
 Ernest Jones, who lectured frequently in Manchester at this time. 
 
 1851. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Mechanics' Institution, January 2, to consider 
 the subject of co operation and associative labour. The Kev. T. G. Lee pre- 
 sided, and the Kev. F. T. Maurice, Mr. Thomas Hughes, Mr. Lloyd Jones, and 
 others addressed the gathering. 
 
 The model statuettes sent in competition for the monument to Sir Robert 
 Peel were exhibited in the Royal Institution, January 3. 
 
 The mill of Messrs. "Wallace, Watchurst, and Thompson, in Chepstow 
 Street, was destroyed by fire, January 10. The damage was about £30,000. 
 
 Canon Stowell delivered a lecture on the Papal Aggression, in the Free 
 Trade Hall, January 16. 
 
 Two floors fell in the warehouse of Messrs. Ormrod and Hardcastle, in 
 Pall Mall, January 20, and caused serious damage. 
 
 The Oddfellows' Secular School in Faulkner Street was established, Jan. 20. 
 
 Mr. Robert Thorpe, surgeon to the Manchester Infirmary, died January 21, 
 aged 63. He was a son of J. Thorpe, surgeon. 
 
 Mr. J. S. Heron, late secretary to the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, 
 died January 25. ( 
 
 The Cbartist Conference was held January 26, but only four localities were 
 represented. 
 
 Sir Henry R. Bishop gave two lectures on music, in the large room of the 
 Town Hall, February 11 and 13. 
 
 A boiler explosion occurred on the premises of Mr. C. Hunt, Miller's Lane, 
 Greengate, Salford, February 20. 
 
 A public meeting of working men was held in the Free Library (late Hall
 
 256 Annals of Manchester. [1851 
 
 of Science), Campfleld, February 26, for the purpose of hearing an explanation 
 of the origin and progress of the institution, &c. 
 
 A fox was caught in a lane adjoining Peel Park, Salford, February 27, 
 having been hunted by men and dogs out of the park. 
 
 Dr. R. G. Latham commenced a course of lectures at the Royal Institution 
 on " The Ethnology of the British Colonies and Dependencies." February 28. 
 
 About 280 of the seamen who were "on strike" at Liverpool visited this 
 
 town, March 5. 
 
 The Owens College was opened March 12. It was founded, in accordance 
 with the will of Mr. John Owens, for the education of young persons of the male 
 sex in such branches of learning and science as were then and may be hereafter 
 usually taught in the English Universities. The first principal was Mr. A. J. 
 Scott, and the first home of the college was in a house at the junction of Quay 
 Street and Byrom Street. 
 
 A boiler explosion occurred at the steam sawmills of Mr. Thomas "William- 
 son, in Riga Street, March 25. Nine persons were killed. The coroner's jury 
 returned a verdict of manslaughter against the owner and his engineer, Thomas 
 Egerton, April 10. 
 
 Mr. "W. B. Carpenter, M.D., commenced a course of lectures in the Royal 
 Institution on " Microscopic Research." March 28. 
 
 According to the return of the Parliamentary census, issued March 31, the 
 borough of Manchester contained 303,358 inhabitants. By the same return 
 there were 53,697 houses, and the annual value of property was given at 
 £1,204,241. 
 
 At the Chartist Convention, which met 31st March, in London, Manchester 
 was represented by Mr. Feargus O'Conor, M.P., and Mr. G. J. Mantle. 
 
 Samuel ("Sam") Rutter died, April 12, at his birthplace, Bank Top, in the 
 28th year of his age. He was a pugilist, of whom Bell's Life remarked : " Sam 
 has fought twenty battles in the P.R., and never lost the battle money." He 
 is buried in Rusholme Road Cemetery. (Procter's Our Turf, Sec, p. 71.) 
 
 A great meeting in the Free Trade Hall was held on Parliamentary Reform, 
 April 19. Mr. G. Wilson presided. 
 
 Captain James "West, of the American steamship Atlantic, was enter- 
 tained at dinner at the Albion Hotel, April 19. 
 
 Greenheys United Presbyterian School was opened April 20. 
 
 Mr. George Dawson, M.A., of Birmingham, delivered the first of a course 
 of lectures at the Mechanics' Institution on "The Mythology of Nations." 
 April 25. 
 
 The Methodist New Connexion Chapel, Bury New Road, Strangeways, was 
 opened April 26. 
 
 The foundation stone of St. Paul's Church, Kersal Moor, was laid by 
 Colonel Clowes, April 2S. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Town Hall, King Street, April 30, for the pur- 
 pose of advocating a half -holiday for milliners and dressmakers. The bishop 
 presided. 
 
 The Diocesan Church Building Society was instituted May 1. 
 
 Mr. Henry Day died May 1. He was a surgeon, and took a warm interest 
 in the Mechanics' Institute, of which he was a director and honorary secretary.
 
 1S51] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 257 
 
 14 Victoria, cap. 10. Act for relief to the several townships in the parish of 
 Manchester from the repair of highways not situate within such townships 
 respectively. May 20. 
 
 The Manchester Jews' School, Cheetham Hill Road, inaugurated May 22. 
 
 The foundation stone was laid of a Baptist Chapel in Great George Street, 
 Salford, May 29. 
 
 Mr. George Viney died, May. He was born in Brownlow Street, Drury Lane, 
 London, in 1774, and after an adventurous life as a sailor, he settled in Man- 
 chester, where he died, an earnest member of the congregation of Rev. William 
 Gadsby, whose Calvinistic doctrines he had adopted in their extremest form. 
 He saw the famous sinking of the French ship " Vengeur." Previous to the 
 building of the Salford Dispensary, Viney practised medicine, for which he had 
 no doubt that his seafaring life and carpenter's trade had excellently prepared 
 him. The story of his career is told in autobiographical form in The Sailor, the 
 Sinner, the Saint: The JS/otable and Eventful Life of George Viney, late of 
 Manchester (London, 1853). This was edited from his papers by John Bosworth. 
 He is buried in Irwell Street Chapel graveyard. 
 
 14 Victoria, cap. 41. Act to continue the term of the Act of the sixth year 
 of George IV., cap. 51 (local), so far as relates to the turnpike road between 
 Manchester and Audenshaw, in the parish of Ashton-under-Lyne, and to make 
 better provision for the repair of the road, and for other purposes. June 5. 
 
 The foundation stone of St. Mark's Church, City Road, Hulme, was laid, 
 June 16, by Mr. John Sharp. The consecration took place on Ascension Day, 
 May 10, 1852. The architect was Mr. E. H. Shellard, of Manchester. The 
 ecclesiastical district of St. Mark's was formed in 1846 under " Peel's Act." 
 The church was the first erected after the passing of the Manchester Rectory 
 Division Act. 
 
 A storm of thunder and lightning visited the neighbourhood June 22. 
 
 Charlotte Bronte paid a two-days' visit to Manchester at the end of June. 
 staying with Mr. Gaskell. (See under date April, 1S53.) 
 
 A meeting was held in the Town Hall, July 17, to memorialise the Foreign 
 Secretary for the exertion of his influence for the liberation of Kossuth. 
 
 14 and 15 Victoria, cap. 79. Act for the further amendment of the Acts 
 relal Lng to the Manchester Corporation Waterworks. July 21. 
 
 Cardinal Wiseman consecrated two Roman Catholic bishops in St. John's. 
 Salford, July 25. The bishops elect were Rev. Dr. Turner, St. Augustine's, ami 
 Rev. Dr. Errington, St. John's, Salford. 
 
 The Teetotaller, edited by Joseph Johnson. The price of this monthly was 
 one halfpenny, hut it came to an end in July, when nearly forty pounds had 
 b en lost by the venture. {City News Notes and Queries, vol. i.. p. H(i-!.> 
 
 11 and 15 Victoria, cap. 119. Act for paving, lighting, cleansing, and other- 
 wise improving the several townships and places in the borough <>f Man- 
 chester, and amending and consolidating the provisions of existing local Acl - 
 relating thereto. August 1. 
 
 Thunderstorms, accompanied by heavy showers of rain, visited this neigh- 
 bourhood, August 6. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Adshead's plan of Manchester, showing the municipal divisions, 
 in 24 maps, was completed. August 9. 
 It
 
 258 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1851 
 
 Mr. John Elliott Drinkwater Bethune died at Calcutta, August 12. He was 
 eldest son of Colonel John Drinkwater Bethune, and was born 12th July, 1801, 
 and educated at Cambridge. He was called to the bar, and in 1848 was 
 appointed fourth ordinary member of the Supreme Council of India. Tbis 
 office he retained until his death. His greatest achievement in India was the 
 establishment of a school in European hands for native females of the higher 
 classes. He was author of The Maid of Orleans, translated from Schiller, Svo, 
 1835 ; and Specimens of Swedish and German Poetry Translated. 
 
 A soiree of the friends of the Manchester and Salford Boroughs Educational 
 Bill, in the Town Hall, August 28. 
 
 Eifty-two Sardinian workmen visited Manchester, September 14, 15, and 16. 
 
 Presentation of a service of plate of the value of 1,000 guineas to Mr. John 
 Potter, Mayor of Manchester. September 22. 
 
 A deputation of the National Parliamentary and Financial Reform Asso- 
 ciation held a meeting in the Free Trade Hall, September 27. 
 
 The inaugural address of Mr. A. J. Scott, as Principal of Owens College, 
 was delivered in the large room of the Town Hall, October 3. 
 
 The Liverpool and Manchester Agricultural Society held their show at 
 Manchester, October 8. 
 
 Queen Victoria and Prince Albert visited Manchester, October 10. The 
 Royal party stayed at Worsley New Hall, where they arrived October 9. In her 
 diary for that date the Queen says : " From one o'clock in the morning Albert 
 was very unwell— very sick and wretched— and I was terrified for our Man- 
 chester visit. Thank God ! by eight o'clock he felt much better, and was able 
 to get up. ... At ten we started for Manchester. The day was fine and 
 mild and everything to a wish. Manchester is called seven miles from 
 Worsley, but I cannot think it is so much. We first came to Pendleton, where, 
 as everywhere else, there are factories, and great preparations were made. 
 School children were there in profusion. We next came to Salford, where the 
 crowd became very dense. It joins Manchester, and is to it, in fact, as 
 Westminster to London. . . . The mechanics and workpeople, dressed in 
 their best, were ranged along the streets, with white rosettes in their button- 
 holes ; both in Salford and Manchester a very intelligent but painfully 
 unhealthy-looking population they all were, men as well as women. We went 
 into Peel Park before leaving Salford, the mayor having got out and received 
 us at the entrance, where was indeed a most extraordinary and, I suppose, 
 totally unprecedented sight— S2,000 school children, Episcopalians, Presby- 
 terians, Catholics (these children having a small crucifix suspended round 
 their necks), Baptists, and Jews (whose faces told their descent), with their 
 teachers. In the middle of the park was erected a pavilion, under which we 
 drove, but did not get out, and where the address was read. All the children 
 sang "God Save the Queen" extremely well together, the director being placed 
 on a very high stand, from which he could command the whole park. We 
 passed out at the same gate we went in by, and through the principal street of 
 Salford, on to Manchester, at the entrance of which was a magnificent arch. 
 The mayor, Mr. Potter, who went through the proceedings with great com- 
 posure and self-possession, beautifully dressed (the mayor and Corporation bad 
 till now been too Radical to have robes), received us there, and presented me
 
 1851] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 259 
 
 with a beautiful bouquet. We drove through the principal streets, in which 
 there are no very fine buildings— the principal large houses being warehouses 
 — and stopped at the Exchange, where we got out and received the address, 
 again on a throne, to which I read an answer. The streets were immensely 
 full, and the cheering and enthusiasm most gratifying. The order and good 
 behaviour of the people, who were not placed behind any barriers, were the 
 most complete we have seen in our many progresses through capitals and 
 cities — London, Glasgow, Dublin, Edinburgh, &c. — for there never was a run- 
 ning crowd. Nobody moved, and therefore everybody saw well, and there was 
 no squeezing. We returned as we came, the sun shining brightly, and were 
 at Worsley by two." The next day Her Majesty wrote in her diary : " The 
 mayor (now Sir John Potter, he having been knighted after presenting 
 the Manchester address) told me last night that he thinks we saw a 
 million of people between Manchester and Salford. There are 400,000 
 inhabitants in Manchester, and everyone says that in no other town could one 
 depend so entirely upon the quiet and orderly behaviour of the people as in 
 Manchester. You had only to tell them what ought to be done, and it was 
 sure to be carried out." On the 11th of October the Queen passed through 
 Manchester on her Avay from Worsley to the south. (Martin's Life of the 
 Prince Consort, vol. ii., chap. 43.) 
 
 A grand ball in honour of the Queen's visit was given in the Royal 
 Exchange, October 13. 
 
 Mrs. Bexter, an American lady, delivered a lecture on " Bloomerism and 
 Dress Reform," in the Mechanics' Institution, October 16. 
 
 The furniture, decorations, &c, used on the occasion of the Queen's visit 
 were sold, October 29, and realised £328. The original cost was £800. 
 
 Louis Kossuth, ex-Governor of Hungary, visited Manchester, November 
 11, and was received with the acclamations of the people. 
 
 The Earl of Shaftesbury visited Manchester, November 20. An address 
 was presented to him by the factory operatives for his own services in the 
 passing of the Ten Hours Bill. 
 
 Messrs. Richard Birley, John Morley, and Thomas Clegg, ex-churchwardens 
 of Manchester, were presented with a service of plate, in recognition of services 
 rendered in obtaining the Parish of Manchester Division Act. The presenta- 
 tion was made at a dinner at the Queen's Hotel, November 23. 
 
 Mr. Peter Clare, F.R.A.S., died November 24. He was born in Manchester, 
 and in 1810 became a member of the Literary and Philosophical Society, and 
 soon became a member of Council. In 1841 he became F.R.A.S. He was an 
 active opponent of slavery, and was a member of the Society of Friends, in 
 whose burying-ground in Mount Street lie was buried. lie wrote a number of 
 scientific papers. (Literary and Philosophical Society Translations, 2nd ser., 
 vol. x., p. 203.) 
 
 A meeting of the General Council of the National Public Schools Associa- 
 tion was held, December 1. 
 
 A meeting of tin- friends of the Manchester and Salford Educational Bill 
 was held in the Free Trade Sail, December 2. 
 
 A conference and public meeting on the s-ubject of Parliamentary reform 
 was held, December 3.
 
 260 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1852 
 
 A conference of delegates was held at the Spread Eagle, December 3, to 
 consider the proposed Reform Bill of Lord John Russell. 
 
 A public meeting in the Free Trade Hall, December 3, declared in favour of 
 household suffrage, triennial Parliaments, redistribution of seats, and the 
 ballot. 
 
 A deputation from the Manchester and Salford Committee of Education 
 waited upon Lord John Russell, December 4, in reference to the Education Bill. 
 
 The total number of day scholars in Manchester and Salford was 33,663. 
 December. 
 
 The population of the municipal borough of Manchester at the sixth census 
 was 303,382, and that of the Parliamentary borough 316,213. The population of 
 municipal Salford was 63,850, and of Parliamentary Salford 85,108. 
 
 1852. 
 
 A meeting of the unemployed machinemen and labourers was held in the 
 People's Institute, Heyrod Street, Ancoats, January 19. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Town Hall in advocacy of an ocean penny 
 postage, January 20. The project was explained by Mr. Elihu Burritt, "the 
 learned blacksmith," and received warm approval. 
 
 A meeting, presided over by Mr. George Wilson, was held in Newall's 
 Buildings, to consider the proposals of the Government for Parliamentary 
 reform. January 20. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Free Trade Hall, to petition against the Govern- 
 ment grant to Maynooth, January 22. 
 
 Father Gavazzi delivered several orations at the Free Trade Hall. January. 
 
 In consequence of heavy rains having fallen for several days, the rivers 
 overflowed their banks, February 5, causing considerable damage. Lower 
 Broughton Road, Great Clowes Street, Hough Lane, and other streets in the 
 neighbourhood were flooded, and their inhabitants on returning from work had 
 to be taken home in boats. The lower part of Peel Park was covered with 
 water to a depth of four feet. The Medlock, Irk, Mersey, Goyt, and Black 
 Brook also overflowed and did considerable damage. 
 
 A Musical Festival in the Free Trade Hall began February 23, and lasted 
 five days ; after which the hall was closed previous to being pulled down to 
 make room for the new Free Trade Hall. 
 
 A public meeting was held in the Town Hall, February 26, to take into 
 consideration the relief of the sufferers by the Holmfirth catastrophe. A 
 subscription was commenced at this meeting. 
 
 In consequence of fears that the Conservative Government would resort to 
 Protectionist measures, a meeting of the Council of the Anti-Corn-Law League 
 was held in Newall's Buildings, March 2. Mr. G. Wilson was in the chair, and 
 the subscriptions promised amounted to £27,520. 
 
 A meeting of the Council of the League was held in Newall's Buildings, 
 March 2. Mr. George Wilson presided, and it was resolved to reconstitute the 
 Anti-Corn-Law League, under the rules and regulations by which that body 
 was formerly organised, and £27,700 was subscribed, within half-an-hour, by 
 the meeting towards carrying out the objects of the revived league. Among 
 the speakers were Messrs. R. Cobden, M.P., T. Milner Gibson, M.P., James
 
 1352] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 201 
 
 Hey wood, M.P., Alderman Harvey, John Bright, M.P., Henry Ash worth, and 
 James Kershaw, M.P. 
 
 A great fire occurred at Messrs. Cooper Brothers, patent candle manu- 
 facturers, Hatton's Court, Chapel Street, Salford, April 13. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Ingham died, April 26, aged 50 years. He was the son of a 
 Wesleyan minister, and was educated at the Edinburgh University, and owing 
 to his scanty means passed three of the vacations as surgeon to a whaling 
 vessel. He settled in practice at North Shields, but lost the modest fortune he 
 had amassed, and Avith broken health came to Manchester as the resident 
 medical officer of the Fever Hospital. He had been three years resident at the 
 time of his death. He is buried at Ardwick Cemetery. 
 
 The Peel statue, in Peel Park, Salford, was inaugurated May 8. 
 
 A public meeting was held in the Corn Exchange, May 20, and adopted a 
 memorial to the Queen for the periodical inspection of nunneries. 
 
 St. Paul's Church, Kersal, consecrated by Bishop Lee, May 29. E. H. 
 Shellard was the architect, and the cost of erection £5,000. 
 
 Signor Giuseppe Lunardini, an aeronaut, was killed during an ascent from 
 Belle Vue Gardens, June 3. 
 
 Mr. John Knowles allowed the gratuitous use of the Theatre Royal for six 
 nights' performances, and having paid all expenses, the gross receipts were 
 given to the local charities. A committee was formed, and this Dramatic 
 Festival commenced on June 7. Among tbe performers, who gave their services 
 gratuitously, were Miss Helen Faucit and Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dillon. The 
 total receipts were £970. 
 
 Lady Potter, widow of Sir Thomas Potter, died June 19. She was the 
 daughter of Mr. Thomas Bay ley, of Booth Hall, and was born March 1, 1777. 
 
 The town and neighbourhood were visited by a severe thunderstorm, 
 June 21. 
 
 Mr. Cyrus Armitage died at his house, in Ormond Street, on June 24, aged 71. 
 He was born at Failsworth, and was a cotton manufacturer in Dukinfield. He 
 wrote Some Account of the Family of the Armitagcs, from 1G62 to the present 
 time, London, 1850; and also the hymn commencing "When sickness, sorrow, 
 grief, and care." (Christian Reformer, 1852, p. 515.) Mrs. Cyrus Armitage 
 died April 14, aged 72. Their son, Cyrus Armitage, junior, late of Ceylon, died 
 at his father's house, on December 14, aged 31. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Wilson died July 6. He was the son of Michael Wilson (see 
 under date February 27, 1810), and was educated at Chetham College. He was 
 apprenticed to a firm of smallware manufacturers. In 1S28 he went into part- 
 nership with his brother William, as manufacturers of hat trimmings. The 
 firm failed in 1812, but eventually paid a good dividend. He was the most able 
 and prolific song writer of his family. (Ilarland's Soikjs of tin Wil.suns.) 
 
 Mr. John Bright and the Right Hon. Thomas Milner Gibson were elected 
 as members of Parliament for Manchester; and Mr. Joseph Brotherton was 
 elected member for Salford. July 8. 
 
 A Vegetarian banquet was held in the Salford Town Hall, July 22. Mr. 
 James Simpson presided. 
 
 Four men were killed in Ridgeway Street, Bradford Road, during a terrific 
 thunderstorm, August 10.
 
 262 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1852 
 
 Richard Davies died August 10, aged 56. He is buried at Harpurhey 
 Cemetery. His fight with Young Dutch Sam in 1827 made him famous, though 
 he was defeated. In his later years he kept the Coach and Horses in Todd 
 Street, where Brassey, the pugilist, died suddenly in 1845. 
 
 At the poll for the establishment of a Free Library, taken August 14, the 
 adoption of the Act was sanctioned. Only forty adverse votes were cast. 
 
 A grand banquet was held at the Athenaeum, in aid of the Guild of Litera- 
 ture and Art, August 31. Sir E. B. Lytton, Messrs. Charles Dickens, Charles 
 Knight, and James Crossley were amongst the speakers. 
 
 A marble statue of the late Mr. Thomas Fleming was erected in the 
 Cathedral, to commemorate his long and valuable services in promoting the 
 improvement and prosperity of the town. September 14. 
 
 At a meeting held in the Town Hall, September 28, a resolution was 
 adopted to erect a statue of the Duke of Wellington in Manchester. 
 
 The medals awarded at the Great Exhibition to the Manchester exhibitors 
 were distributed. September. 
 
 The Manchester Public Free Library, Campfield, opened. This library was 
 established by public subscription in the third year of the mayoralty of Mr. 
 John Potter, who was the most active person in its formation. The building, 
 originally known as the Hall of Science, was built by the working classes at 
 an outlay of more than £5,000, but was purchased with freehold for its present 
 use for the sum of £2,147, which, with an additional outlay of £4,816 6s. 2d. for 
 repairs, alterations, and furnishing, made a total of £6,963 6s. 2d. The number 
 of volumes in the reference department at the time of opening was 16,013, and 
 in the lending department 5,300, making a total of 21,300 in the library. Mr. 
 Edward Edwards, of the British Museum, was appointed librarian. 
 
 A meeting of the friends of the Irish Church Missions to the Roman 
 Catholics was held in the Corn Exchange, October 5. 
 
 The twelfth annual meeting of the Manchester and Salford Protestant and 
 Reformation Society was held in the Free Trade Hall, October 21. 
 
 A grand banquet of the Free Traders and Reformers was held in the Free 
 Trade Hall, November 2. 
 
 A severe shock of earthquake was felt in Manchester and the neighbourhood, 
 November 9. 
 
 Sir Thomas Joseph de Trafford, first Baronet, died November 10. He was 
 buried at the Manchester Cathedral, November 19, and succeeded by his son 
 Sir Humphrey de Trafford. 
 
 Mr. John Easby died November IS, aged 40. He was a frequent contributor 
 to periodicals, and had in his time played many parts as journalist, actor, and 
 local preacher. Some details of his career are given in his Scenes from the Life, 
 of a Green-Coated Schoolboy, 1851. (Procter's Manchester Streets, p. 224.) 
 He is buried at Ardwick Cemetery, 
 
 Rev. George Benjamin Sandford, M.A., died at Southport, December 9. He 
 was born at Manchester, January 19, 1811, being the youngest son of William 
 Sandford. (See under date 1821.) After attending the Grammar School he 
 went to Brasenose College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. on May 9, 1833, 
 and M.A. on March 10, 1836. Mr. Sandford was Hulmeian Exhibitioner in 1832, 
 and in 1835 became curate to Rev. T. Blackburne, successively Vicar of Eccles
 
 1853] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 263 
 
 and Prestwich. In 1840 he was presented to the perpetual curacy of Church 
 Minshull, Cheshire. Mr. Sandford was author of a number of religious works, 
 and also of a history of his parish of Church Minshull, which is a model of what 
 a country parson could do towards a complete history of places and families. 
 Mr. Sandford married Felicia, daughter of the Rev. J. Smith, D.D. One son, a 
 clergyman, survived him. 
 
 New bye-laws for the regulation of hackney carriages within the borough 
 of Manchester came into operation, December 10. 
 
 New omnibuses were introduced, which were larger and more commodious 
 than those previously in use. They were without doors, and were drawn by 
 three horses abreast. 
 
 A conference, to consider the re-organisation of the Chartist body, sat for 
 five days at Manchester, which was represented by William Grocott and E. 
 Clark Cropper. 
 
 Richard Baines, author of Budget of Comicalities, died about 1852. 
 (Procter's Manchester Streets.) 
 
 1853. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford "Waterworks Company dissolved, January 4. 
 
 A public dinner was given in the Town Hall to the Hon. J. R. Ingersoll, 
 American Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of St. James's, January 7. 
 
 A meeting of the Peace Society was held in the Free Trade Hall, January 
 28, Mr. George Wilson in the chair. 
 
 The trustees of the Manchester Infirmary held a meeting respecting the 
 site for the Peel statue, February 3. 
 
 A Social Reform and Free Trade soiree was held in the Free Trade Hall, 
 February 3. 
 
 The foundation stone of a new chapel connected with the Manchester 
 Domestic Mission laid on the west side of Rochdale Road, February 14. 
 
 Mr. John Bill died at Farley, Staffordshire, February 16. He was the son 
 of Mr. John Bill, one of the surgeons to the Infirmary, and was educated at the 
 Grammar School. He was a barrister, but did not practice, and having 
 inherited an estate from his uncle, was noted for his charity and also for his 
 eccentricity. He wrote The English Party's Excursion to Paris, to which is 
 added a Trip to America, 1850. 
 
 The shop of Mr. Howard, jeweller, Market Street, was robbed at mid-day, 
 March 7. 
 
 Another extensive robbery committed at the shop of Mr. Ollivant, jeweller, 
 corner of Exchange Street, March 9. 
 
 I Manchester was created a city by Royal charter, March 29. 
 
 Charlotte Bronte visited Manchester and stayed with her friend Mrs. 
 Gaskell, at the close of April. Mrs. Gaskcll has left an interesting account of 
 the susceptibility to music, and of the nervous dread of strangers, which she 
 showed. (Gaskell's Life of Bronte.) 
 
 " William Starkie, actor, died April 10, 1853, aged 51," is the epitaph in 
 Harpurhey Cemetery on the grave of a warper, who was a favourite strolling 
 performer. Procter has given a notice of him in Our Turf, Stage, mid Ring, p. 25. 
 
 The ratepayers of the townshio of Broughton held a meeting at the Griffin
 
 264 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1853 
 
 Inn, Lower Broughton, April 20, to consider the bill for incorporating the 
 townships of Broughton and Pendleton with that of Salford. 
 
 A bazaar was opened in the Exchange Rooms, April 26, in aid of the fund 
 for promoting the ocean penny postage. 
 
 Cardinal Wiseman gave a lecture on Art, in the Corn Exchange, April 27. 
 
 The Northern and Midland Counties Chess Association held a meeting in 
 the Exchange, May 6. 
 
 The United Kingdom Alliance for the total and immediate suppression of 
 the Liquor Traffic was formed June 1. The inaugural meeting was held 
 October 26. The movement did not at first command the adhesion of even 
 teetotallers, but its growth has since been very remarkable. Its founder was 
 Nathaniel Card, who died March 22, 1856 (see under that date). The secretary 
 appointed was Mr. Thomas Holliday Barker, who was born at Peterborough, 
 July 6, 1818, and was apprenticed to a wine and spirit merchant, but after 
 hearing a lecture by John Cassell, the Manchester Carpenter, in 1836, he signed 
 the pledge. He has lived in Manchester since 1844. 
 
 A conversazione was held at the Athenaeum, June 1, "for the purpose of 
 arriving at some safe conclusion about table turning." The Rev. H. H. Jones 
 presided, and Dr. Braid, after a series of experiments had been gone through, 
 expressed his belief that the turning of the tables was to be explained by Dr. 
 W. B. Carpenter's theory of idea meter power. 
 
 A public meeting held in the Town Hall, June 8, to hear addresses from 
 several gentlemen on the Wesleyan "mediation movement," which had for its 
 object to explain the differences between the Conference and the reformers and 
 the efforts that had been made to heal them. 
 
 16 and 17 Victoria. Act to authorise the Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of 
 the City of Manchester to make certain new streets, and to amend the Acts 
 relating to the said city, and for other purposes. June 8. 
 
 16 "Victoria, cap. 32. Act for the extension of the boundaries of the 
 Municipal Borough of Salford, and for other purposes. June 14. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Jarrold, M.D., died at Greenhill Street, Greenheys, June 24. 
 He was born in 1769, and was the author of Dissertations on Man, in answer 
 to Malthus, 1806 : Instinct and Reason, 1836 ; Anthropologia, &c. He is 
 buried in the Congregational graveyard, Grosvenor Street, PiccadiHy. 
 
 16 and 17 Victoria, cap. 102. Act to repeal an Act for making and main- 
 taining a road from the top of Hunt's Bank, in the town of Manchester, to join 
 the Manchester and Bury turnpike road in Pilkington, in the county of 
 Lancaster, and to substitute other provisions in lieu thereof. July 8. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Corn Exchange, July 27, presided over by Mr. 
 R. N. Philips, at which petitions were adopted in favour of the Sunday opening 
 of the Crystal Palace. 
 
 Mr. Salis Schwabe died at Glyn Garth, on the Menai Straits, July 23, in his 
 54th year. He was buried at Harpurhey Cemetery July 30, and was followed 
 to the grave by the Bishop of Manchester and many of the leading persons of 
 the city. 
 
 16 and 17 Victoria, cap. 135. Act for more effectually repairing and 
 improving several roads leading to and from the town of Salford, through 
 Pendleton, and other places in the county of Lancaster. August 4.
 
 1854] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 265 
 
 16 and 17 Victoria, cap. 122. Act to render valid certain marriages in the 
 Church of the Holy Trinity in the township of Hulme and parish of Manchester. 
 August 20. 
 
 Mr. George Bradshaw died at Christiania, Norway, September 6, aged 53. 
 He was the head of the firm of Bradshaw and Blacklock, publishers of the 
 Railway Guides which have given the name of the benevolent Quaker printer 
 world-wide currency. The cause of his death was an attack of cholera. 
 
 Mr. J. B. Gough lectured in the Lever Street Chapel, September 22. 
 
 The district suffered from severe gales of wind, September 25. 
 
 The new building of the Salford Free Library and Museum was opened, 
 October 1. 
 
 The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone (then Chancellor of the Exchequer) and 
 Mrs. Gladstone visited Manchester, October 10. 
 
 Inauguration of the statue of Sir Robert Peel, in front of the Infirmary, 
 October 12. Mr. W. E. Gladstone took part in the proceedings. 
 
 A marble statue of Humphrey Chetham, by Theed, was placed in the 
 Cathedral at the cost of Mr. George Pilkington (formerly one of the blue coat 
 boys in the College), at a cost of £1,000. October. 
 
 A public meeting was held in the Corn Exchange to express the sympathy 
 of the inhabitants of Manchester with Turkey in her struggle with Russia. 
 November 16. 
 
 St. Stephen's Church, Chorlton-on-Medlock, was consecrated by Bishop Lee, 
 December 30. The architect was Mr. E. H. Shellard, and the cost of erection 
 £3,300. It was enlarged in 1863. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Gibbons, head gardener of Peel Park, was drowned in the 
 Irwell, whilst endeavouring to save a woman who had attempted to drown 
 herself. He was 48 years of age, and left a widow and three children, for 
 whose benefit there was a subscription. 
 
 Mr. Francis Nesbitt McCron died in the hospital at Geelong. He was born 
 at Manchester in 1809, but was educated by a clergyman near Cork, and was 
 intended for the profession of a surgeon, but he abandoned this for the stage, 
 but left it at the instance of his friends in 1840 to settle in Ireland. In less 
 than a year he eloped, and with his wife went to Port Jackson, where he 
 landed in January, 1841. Unable to find commercial employment he again 
 went on the stage, and " from that time till his death held undisputed sway '> 
 in the colony. In 1848 he went to San Francisco, where he became for a time 
 a gold-digger. He returned to Sydney in 1852, and thence to Victoria, where 
 he was seized with illness when performing " William Tell" at Geelong. He 
 was carried off the stage, and died in the hospital at the age of 41. A monu- 
 ment was placed over his grave in 1856 by G. V. Brooke. (Heaton's A uslraliaa 
 Dictionary of Dates, 1879, p. 271). McCron's stage name was Nesbitt. 
 
 1854. 
 
 In consequence of the heavy snowstorms which occurred at this time, 
 railway and other traffic was much impeded, January 6. 
 
 Rev. William Parr Greswell died Januaryil2. He was born at Chester, 
 1765, and was incumbent of Denton for sixty-three years. He wrote Memoirs 
 of Angelus Poliiianus, and others, 1801"; Parisian Typography, 1818 ;
 
 266 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1854 
 
 Monastery of St. Werburgh, a poem, 1823 ; Early Parisian Greek Press, 1833. 
 (Booker's Denton — Chethani's Miscellany, vol. 2. — p. 109.) 
 
 A public meeting of the National Public Schools Association was held in 
 the Mechanics' Institution, Cooper Street, January 18. 
 
 Rev. Oswald Sergeant, M.A., Minister of St. Philip's, Salford, and Canon of 
 Manchester, died February 12. He was born at Manchester, May 28, 1800. He 
 published A Funeral Sermon on the Death of T. Calvert, D.D., with brief 
 Memoir, and various other sermons and tracts. 
 
 The warehouse of Messrs. Rylands and Sons, New High Street, was 
 destroyed by fire, March 1. 
 
 Rev. John Gooch Robberds died April 21. He was born at Norwich, May 19, 
 1789, and educated at the Grammar School there, and at Manchester New 
 College, York. In 1810 he became co-pastor of Cross Street Chapel. There is a 
 portrait of him in Sir Thomas Baker's Memorials. He wrote Christian Festivals 
 and Natural Seasons, which appeared posthumously in the year of his death. 
 Many of his separate sermons were also printed. 
 
 The Old Factory, Miller's Lane, Shudehill, was entirely destroyed by fire, 
 April 28. 
 
 The Bishop of Manchester laid the corner stone of the new building intended 
 for a day school for the boys of St. Matthew's Church, May 24. 
 
 17 Victoria, cap. 20. Act to repeal an Act of the fifty-third year of King 
 George III., cap. 72, and an Act of the eighth year of Her present Majesty, cap. 21, 
 and for making provision for the appointment and for renumeration of a 
 Stipendiary Justice for the division of Manchester, and of clerks to such Justice 
 and the Justices for the borough of Salford, and for other purposes. June 2. 
 
 17 and 18 Victoria. Act for enabling the Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of 
 the City of Manchester to widen certain streets in and otherwise improve the 
 said city ; to raise a further sum of money, and for other purposes. June 2. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Town Hall, July 13, to determine what measures 
 should be taken to further the objects of the International Exhibition at Paris 
 in 1855. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Temperance Society held a meeting in the 
 Friends' Meeting House, Mount Street, July 21, when resolutions were passed 
 in favour of closing public-houses on Sundays. 
 
 An Anti-Slavery meeting was held in the library hall of the Athenaeum, 
 
 August 1. 
 
 Rev. John William Whittaker, D.D., Vicar of Blackburn, died there 
 August 3. He was born at Manchester, 1790. He was the author of Inquiry 
 into the Interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures, 1819-20; Statutes and 
 Charter of Rivington School, 1S37; Sermon to the Chartists, 1S39; other works, 
 sermons, pamphlets, and papers. (Gentleman's Magazine, October, 1854, p. 396.) 
 
 Rev. R. M. Master was admitted Archdeacon of Manchester, September 2. 
 
 The foundation stone of St. Paul's Church, Stretford Road, Hulme, was 
 laid, September 2, by Dr. J. P. Lee, Bishop of Manchester. The church was 
 opened for divine service, by licence, on June 20, 1855, but was not consecrated 
 until January 10, 1856. This has been called the Working Man's Church, for 
 the reason that the cost of building was defrayed almost entirely by members 
 of the humbler classes.
 
 1855] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 2G7 
 
 Mr. James Sheridan Knowles, who, after attaining distinction as a 
 dramatist, had turned his attention to theology, gave the first of a series of 
 lectures on Popery> in Lever Street Chapel, September 4. 
 
 Much damage was done to property by heavy storms of wind, October 17 
 and 18. 
 
 An extensive fire broke out in the warehouse of Messrs. F. H. Theode and 
 Co., Smithy Lane, Lower King Street, October 25. 
 
 Mr. W. C. Macready, the tragedian, gave readings from the poets, in the 
 Mechanics' Institution, November 18. 
 
 A public meeting was held at the Town Hall, December 18, for the purpose 
 of establishing the Manchester and Salford Baths and Laundries Company. 
 
 Canon Stowell gave a lecture in the Mechanics' Institution, December 18, 
 on " The Causes of Poverty, &c, among the Working Classes." 
 
 Rev. Jeremiah Smith, D.D., died at Brewood, Staffordshire, December 21. 
 He was born at Brewood, July 22, 1771. He was for many years High Master 
 of Manchester Grammar School, and the author of A Vindication of Defensive 
 War, a sermon before the North Worcester Volunteers, 1805. (Manchester 
 School Register, vol. iii., p. 2.) 
 
 17 and 18 Victoria. Act for the extension of the Manchester Corporation 
 Waterworks and for other purposes, and of which the short title :'s "The 
 Manchester Corporation Waterworks Act, 1854." 
 
 1855. 
 
 The Town Hall, Cheetham, was opened, January 5. 
 
 A soiree was given to the members of Parliament for Manchester, in the 
 Corn Exchange, January 19. Mr. G. Wilson presided. 
 
 A testimonial was presented to Mr. J. C. Harter, in the shape of a 
 portrait, to remain in the boardroom of the Infirmary, February 22, and a copy 
 of the same was presented to the members of Mr. Harter's family. 
 
 A meeting in favour of peace with Russia was held in NewalFs Buildings, 
 February 27, which was followed by several others, extending over a period of 
 many weeks. 
 
 The final meeting of the Manchester Committee of the Patriotic Fund was 
 held April 13. 
 
 The Rev. James Scholefield died at Every Street, April 24. He was born 
 at Colne Bridge, near Hudd jrsfield, in 1790, and having adopted the views of 
 the Bible Christians, preached for many years in the Round Chapel, Every 
 Street. For the last forty-four years of his life he was a vegetarian. His 
 pamphlet on "Vegetarianism," published about 1851, was translated into Ger- 
 man by Emil Weilshaeuser, under the title of Dcr Mcnsch — Kcin Raubthu r 
 (Berlin: Grieben). He was a Radical Reformer, and was tried at Lancaster 
 Assizes March 21, 1843, for allowing the Chartist Conference of 1S42 to be held 
 in his chapel. He was acquitted. 
 
 Sir H. G. W. Smith distributed medals, at the Regent Road Barracks, 
 Salford, June 4, to those officers and men of the 51st Regiment who fought in 
 the Burmese war. Colours were presented to this regiment by Lady Wiltshire. 
 June 6. 
 
 18 and 19 Victoria. Act for enabling the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of
 
 268 Annals of Manchester. [isss 
 
 the city of Manchester to make a new street from Manchester, across the 
 Irwell, into Salford, and authorising arrangements with the Corporation of 
 Salforcl in reference thereto, and for other purposes. June 15. 
 
 A great open-air meeting was held in Stevenson Square for the purpose of 
 re-organising the Chartist movement, July 15. 
 
 M. A. C. G. Jobert died at Ste. Foy, July 17. He was a native of France, 
 and a pupil of Hauy, but settled in Manchester as a teacher of languages. 
 Having become partially paralysed in the organs of speech, he sought relief by 
 travel, but his constitution was shattered. His widow, an English lady, was 
 left destitute, and in aid of a fund for her Mr. B. Waterhouse Hawkins, F.G.S., 
 lectured in Manchester, December 18. Jobert was the friend of Cuvier and 
 Murchison, and wrote Philosoiriiie de la Geologie and other works. 
 
 The statue of Dr. Dalton, in front of the Royal Infirmary, was inaugurated, 
 July 26. 
 
 A beerhouse-keeper in Pendleton, named Booth, caused the death of a 
 woman named Behan, who lived with him, by beating and kicking her. 
 August 7. 
 
 A robbery was committed at the Manchester Stamp Office, Cross Street, 
 August 8, when property to the amount of £1,700 was stolen. 
 
 A conversazione of the Manchester Photographic Society was held at the 
 Royal Institution, August 10. 
 
 The foundation stone of St. Mary's Hospital, in Quay Street, was laid by 
 the Bishop of Manchester, September 3. 
 
 The foundation stone of the new Manchester Workhouse was laid by Mr. 
 C. H. Rickards, September 5. 
 
 The chancel of St. John's Roman Catholic Church was opened Sept. 27. 
 
 Mr. John Kennedy, author of Miscellaneous Papers, 1849, died at Man- 
 chester, October 30. He was born at Knockmalling, Kirkcudbright, July 4, 
 1769, but resided at Chowbent and Manchester from 1784. He came to Man- 
 chester in 1791 and began business. The firm of Sandford, McConnel, and 
 Kennedy were machine makers and mule-spinners, and Mr. Kennedy made 
 some improvements in Crompton's mule. He realised a large fortune. He 
 was a man of scientific tastes, and read a number of papers before the Literary 
 and Philosophical Society. There is a memoir of him by Sir W. Fairbairn in 
 Memoirs of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 3rd series, 
 vol. i., p. 147. 
 
 The inaugural dinner of the Railway Club took place at the Clarence Hotel, 
 Spring Gardens, November 2. 
 
 The Bishop of Manchester commenced his second visitation of the diocese, 
 December 5. 
 
 A destructive fire broke out in High Street and Marsden Square, Dec. 5. 
 
 At a meeting held in the Town Hall the erection of a statue to James Watt, 
 in front of the Royal Infirmary, was resolved upon, December 11. 
 
 The Church of St. John the Evangelist, Miles Platting, was consecrated by 
 Bishop Lee, December 27. The architect was Mr. G. Shaw, and the cost of 
 erection £5,000. 
 
 Margaret Oldham died in the workhouse. She claimed to be the first 
 Sunday scholar in Manchester, and stated that in 1780 Molly Scholes, the
 
 1856] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 269 
 
 keeper of a dame's school in Press House Steps, Blackfriars, told her pupils 
 that she was about to open the school on Sunday for religious instruction, and 
 promised the first comer a slice of currant bread ! Margaret, going early, 
 found one Betty Hyde a step in advance, but pulled her back by the hair, and 
 claimed the prize. Molly contented them by giving each a slice. (Manchester 
 Guardian Local Notes and Queries, No. 894.) 
 
 1856. 
 
 Mr. James Heywood, M.P., F.R.S., delivered a lecture in the Athenaeum, 
 on " Administrative and Academic Reform." January 14. 
 
 A public meeting held in the Town Hall to promote the Nightingale 
 Fund, January 17. 
 
 The first number of Photographic Illustrations, by Members of the 
 Manchester Photographic Society, was published by George Simms in 
 January. 
 
 A public meeting to oppose the Government Police Bill was held in the 
 Salford Town Hall, February 27, convened by the mayor, Mr. S. Heelis, who 
 presided. A petition against the Bill was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Nathaniel Card died at Manchester, March 22. He was born at Dublin 
 in 1805, and was a member of the Society of Friends. When the cholera was 
 raging in his native city, in 1831-2, he visited and relieved the afflicted at the 
 peril of his own life. He settled in Manchester, where he was highly esteemed, 
 and represented Cheetham Ward in the city Council from November, 1854, until 
 his death. Having heard an address in which Dr. F. R. Lees spoke of the 
 success of the prohibitory liquor law in Maine, he determined to attempt 
 to organise a movement for the same purpose in England. From this arose 
 the " United Kingdom Alliance for the Total and Immediate Suppression of 
 the Liquor Traffic." (See under date June 1, 1853.) 
 
 The first game of chess by telegraph in England was played between the 
 Chess Clubs of Liverpool and Manchester, March 28. 
 
 Mr. John Armitage died at his residence in Manchester on April 17, aged 48. 
 He was the son of Mr. Cyrus Armitage, and was born at Failsworth, September 
 27, 1807, and shortly after he came of age he accepted an engagement under 
 Messrs. Philips, Wood, & Co., and was sent by them to their branch establish- 
 ment in Rio Janeiro. While here he wrote a History of Brazil from 1808 to 
 1831, which was published in two volumes. He returned to England, and in 
 1S3G proceeded to Ceylon, where he was a merchant, and member of the 
 Legislative Council. The climate of Ceylon had, however, injured his health, 
 and on August 30, 1855, he sailed for England. Before he left Ceylon he w as 
 presented with an address and a testimonial of silver plate. On his rel urn he 
 established himself in Manchester, and was interred at Dukiulield Old 
 .Chapel. (Christian Reformer, 1S5G, p. 317.) 
 
 Canon Stowell lectured in the Corn Exchange before the members of the 
 Manchester and Salford Reformation Society, on the Maynooth Grant . April 21. 
 
 The annual Whitsuntide procession of the children of the Church of 
 England Sunday Schools, May 12. The number in the procession was 1 1 .7 1!). 
 
 A meeting of the subscibers to the guarantee fund for the Exhibition of 
 1857 was held in the Town Hall, May 20.
 
 270 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1856 
 
 There were great rejoicings and demonstration in consequence of peace 
 being proclaimed between England and Russia, May 29. 
 
 "William Entvvisle, M.P., died May 30. He was born at Rusholme, February 
 3, 1S09. He was the author of pamphlets on education, March, 1851-3. 
 
 Mr. Richard Gardner, M.P., died June 4. He was born at Manchester in 
 1814. He was educated at the Manchester Grammar School, and was M.P. for 
 Leicester from 1847 unLil his death. (School Register, iii. 198.) 
 
 A meeting was held in the Town Hall, June 27, for the purpose of opening 
 a subscription list for the relief of the sufferers by the recent floods in 
 France. 
 
 Bands of music were placed in the public parks of Manchester and Salford 
 to play for the recreation of the people on Sundays. The opposition on the 
 part of the Sabbatarian public was so strongly expressed that the experiment 
 was soon abandoned. June 29. 
 
 Mr. William Lockett died at Lytham, July 7, in his 79th year. He was the 
 first mayor of Salford. 
 
 St. Thomas's Church, Paddington, Salford, was consecrated by Bishop Lee, 
 July 26. Mr. E. H. Shellard was the architect, and the cost of the erection 
 was £5,000. 
 
 The formal ceremony of laying the base for the first pillar of the building 
 for the Art Treasures Exhibition at Old Trafford was performed by Mr. 
 Thomas Fairbairn, August 13. 
 
 The statue of the Duke of Wellington, in front of the Infirmary, was 
 inaugurated, August 30. 
 
 The Exhibition of Art Manufactures at the new building of the Mechanics' 
 Institution, David Street, was opened, September 9. 
 
 The spire of the Independent Chapel in Bury New Road, Broughton, fell, 
 doing damage to the amount of £1,000, September 24. 
 
 The new Free Trade Hall was inaugurated October 8. Mr. George Wilson 
 presided. The cost of the building was £40,000. 
 
 St. Mary's Hospital, in Quay Street, was formally opened by the Countess 
 of Wilton, who presided. October 10. 
 
 An accident occurred at the Exhibition building, Old Trafford, by which 
 one man was killed and several were seriously injured, October 31. 
 
 A meeting in favour of the abolition of capital punishment was held in the 
 Free Trade Hall, November 20. 
 
 Rev. David Howarth died, December 25th, aged 67. He was the successor 
 of Mr. Hindmarsh as minister of the Swedenborgian Temple, Bolton Street, 
 Salford. (Hindmarsh's Rise, p. 420.) 
 
 Rev. William Stewart, M.A., died at Hale, December, aged 72. He was 
 born at Manchester, and was perpetual curate of Hale, near Childwall. He 
 was the author of Memorials of Hale (pamphlet), Liverpool, 1848. (Procter's 
 Manchester Streets, p. 129.) 
 
 Baths and washhouses were opened in Greengate, Salford. 
 
 Public washhouses and baths were opened in Miller Street. 
 
 Manchester Lectures delivered before the Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion. (London, J. F. Shaw ; Manchester, Durham.) This volume contains 
 lectures by Rev. J. Baldwin Brown, Rev. J. B. Owen, Canon Stowell, Rev.
 
 1857] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 271 
 
 Luke Wiseman, A. J. Scott, Rev. W. Arnot, Rev. Berkeley Addison, and Rev. 
 Alexander Thomson. 
 
 1857. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Brotherton, M.P., died suddenly, January 7, whilst in an 
 omnibus on his way from Pendleton to Manchester. He was born May 22, 17S3. 
 at Whittington, near Chesterfield, but his father removed to Manchester in 
 1789 and became a successful cotton spinner. The son became a partner, but 
 retired, in 1819, in order to devote himself to public work. He was an advocate 
 for factory legislation, for Parliamentary reform, and for Free Trade. He 
 oelonged to the Bible Christian Church, whose members abstain from intoxi- 
 cants and animal food. He was one of the committee who helped the sufferers 
 from the Peterloo massacre. It was largely owing to his influence that Salford 
 was enfranchised, and h • was elected its first representative, and held that 
 position until his death. In Parliament he had great influence, and as chairman 
 of the Private Bills Committee was remarkable for the steady integrity and 
 ability of his course. He was minister of the Bible Christian Church and con- 
 ducted the services there on the last Sunday of his life. He was buried at the 
 Salford Cemetery, January 14, and the public funeral testified to the universal 
 respect in which he was held. There is a bust of him in the Manchester Town 
 Hall, and a bronze statue by Mr. Matthew Noble in Peel Park, Salford. On the 
 pedestal are the words which have been called Brotherton's motto: "My riches 
 consist not in the extent of my possessions but in the fewness of my wants." 
 
 Mr. William Harper died, Jan. 25. He was born in Manchester in 1806, and 
 was author of The Genius and other poems, 18-10 ; Cain and Abel, 1844 ; and 
 Memoir of Benjamin Braidley. Mr. Harper was closely identified with 
 Bennett Street School. 
 
 Mr. E. R. Langworthy was elected without contest M.P. for Salford, in 
 place of the late Mr. Brotherton, February 2. 
 
 A public meeting in favour of the ballot was held in the Free Trade Hall, 
 February 25. 
 
 Francis Egerton, Earl of Ellesmere, died at his town residence, 
 Bridgewater House, London, February 18. He was buried at Worsley, 
 February 26. 
 
 The general election was one of unusual interest and bitterness, and 
 resulted in the general defeat of the " Manchester School." The Salford election 
 was held on March 2, when Mr. W. N. Massey defeated Sir E. Armitage. The 
 Manchester poll was on the 28th, and resulted in the rejection of Mr. John 
 Bright and his colleague, Mr. Milner Gibson, and the election of Sir John 
 Potter and Mr. J. Aspinall Turner. The figures were : Manchester— Potter, 
 8,368; Turner, 7,854; Gibson, 5,588; Bright, 5,458. Salford -Massey, 1,880; 
 Armitage, 1,264. The defeat of Mr. Bright was regarded with deep regret by 
 men of all parties in the country. 
 
 The great event of the year was the Exhibition of the Art Treasures of the 
 United Kingdom, at Old Trafford, which demonstrated the wealth of the 
 British artistic possessions. The Exhibition was opened by Prince Albert, 
 May 5. The Queen, the Prince Consort, the Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, 
 the Princess Royal and Princess Alice, and the Prince Frederick William of
 
 272 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1857 
 
 Prussia, arrived at Patricroft, and drove to Worsley Hall, the residence of the 
 Earl of Ellesmere, June 29, and on the following day visited the Exhibition. 
 Visitors from all parts of the world came to see the art treasures. Prince 
 Napoleon and suite arrived in Manchester and paid a visit to the Exhibition, 
 July 13. Nathaniel Hawthorne was there one day and saw Tennyson strolling 
 through, but did not speak, as they, like the heroes of Gilbert's ballad of 
 "Etiquette," "had not been introduced." The Exhibition closed October 17. 
 It had been open one hundred and forty-two days, of which two, the opening 
 day and that of the public visit of Her Majesty the Queen, were reserved for 
 the holders of two-guinea season tickets. The total number of paying visitors 
 during the season was 1,053,538; of ticket-holders, 283,177; making a total of 
 1,336,715. The receipts were £110,588 9s. 8d., being £304 14s. 4d. over the 
 expenditure. The Exhibition gave rise to an extensive literature, of which the 
 most important were the Companions, edited by Tom Taylor; Waring's 
 Examples, a sumptuous folio; Burger's Tresors cV Art ; and The Art Treasures 
 Examiner. A tolerably complete collection of the books relating to the 
 Exhibition, including several in the Lancashire dialect, will be found in the 
 Manchester Free Reference Librarv. 
 
 Prince Albert visited Peel Park, May 6, and there inaugurated Noble's 
 statue of Queen Victoria. 
 
 Mr. John Moore, F.L.S., died at Hulme, May 10. He was 83 years old, and 
 had been president of the Royal Manchester Institution, of the Natural History 
 Society, and of the Literary and Philosophical Society, to whose Memoirs he 
 contributed a biography of Edward Hobson. There is a brief account of his 
 investigations as to the potato disease in Smith's Centenary. 
 
 The members of the Manchester Entomological Society held their first 
 meeting at Mr. Rickett's Temperance Hotel, Great Bridgewater Street, 
 June 17. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Bellot, M.R.C.S., died, June. He was born at Manchester in 
 1807, and was an accomplished Chinese and Oriental scholar. He wrote 
 Sanskrit Derivation of English Words, 1856, &c. {Dictionary of National 
 Biography.) 
 
 Mr. William Bradley died July 4. He was born at Manchester, January 16, 
 1801, and was left an orphan at the age of three. At sixteen he advertised 
 himself as a "portrait, miniature, and animal painter," and executed portraits 
 at one shilling a piece. Mather Brown, then living in Manchester, gave him 
 some lessons, and he developed remarkable powers as a portrait painter. He 
 went to London, when about twenty-one, and painted the portraits of Macready, 
 Gladstone, and many other public men. He returned to Manchester in 1847, in 
 broken health, and died there in poverty ten years later. (City News Notes 
 and Queries, vol. i.) 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Reformatory, situated in Blackley, was opened 
 August 6. 
 
 20 and 21 Victoria. Act to make better provision for the burial of the dead 
 in the city of Manchester, and for enabling the Corporation to purchase certain 
 lands and effect certain improvements in that city. August 10. 
 
 20 and 21 Victoria, cap. 132. Act to give further powers to the mayor, 
 aldermen, and burgesses of the borough of Salford with respect to burial pur-
 
 1858J 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 273 
 
 poses, and to authorise arrangements with respect to lands in and near Mar- 
 borough Square, in Salford. August 10. 
 
 Considerable damage was done to property by the rivers Irwell and Med- 
 lock overflowing, in consequence of the heavy rains, August 13 and 14. 
 
 The annual meeting of the Chess Association was held in Manchester, 
 August. The Report of this famous gathering is now scarce. (Katalog der 
 Schach-Bibliothek der Hcrr R. Franz, 1885.) 
 
 The Salford Borough Cemetery, New Barnes, Eccles New Road, was opened 
 September 1. Its area is about 21 acres, apportioned as follows : Church of 
 England and Dissenters, 8.| acres each ; Roman Catholics, 4 acres. The 
 members of the Church of England, the Dissenters, and the Roman Catholics 
 have each a mortuary chapel. 
 
 Mr. John B. Gough lectured on total abstinence in the Free Trade Hall. 
 September 1. His lecture was afterwards printed. 
 
 Mr. Joshua Radford, secretary to the Royal Infirmary, died September 5. 
 
 Dr. David Livingstone visited Manchester, September 9. The great 
 African traveller was received by the Chamber of Commerce at the Town Hall 
 in the morning, and a welcome was also given to him in Grosvenor Street 
 Chapel in the evening. 
 
 Collections were made at the various churches and chapels in aid of the 
 Indian Relief Fund on October 7, the day appointed as a day of fasting and 
 humiliation. 
 
 Mr. Charles Hulbert died near Shrewsbury, Oct. 7. He was a native of 
 Manchester, and was born 18th Feb., 1778. He was printer, publisher, editor, 
 and author. He wrote History of Shrewsbury, 1837; Cheshire Antiquities, 
 1838 ; Memoirs of Seventy Years of an Eventful Life, 1852, and a great number 
 of other works, chiefly compilations. {Obituary, by his son, 1867.) 
 
 Mr. John Taylor died at Liverpool, Dec. 9. He was born at Paisley, but 
 lived at Manchester and Liverpool the greater part of his life. He was the 
 author of a translation of Ovid's Fasti, 8vo, 1839; and of Claudian Sketches 
 (poems). He was also an art critic. (Manchester School Register, vol. ii., p. 180.) 
 
 A robbery of bank-notes of the amount of £3,160 took place in the Corn 
 Exchange, December 10. A foreigner, who gave the name of Browness, was 
 taken into custody the same clay. The whole of the stolen notes were found 
 upon him. 
 
 The Siamese Ambassadors visited the city, December 13. 
 
 Mr. Archibald Prentice died December 24, at Park View, Plymouth Grove, 
 aged 65. He was the son of a Scotch farmer, and, in 1815, settled in Man- 
 chester, where he took an active part in public affairs, and was one of the 
 advanced Liberals. He started the Manchester Times, which, by amalgama- 
 tion with another paper, became the Manchester Eocaminer and Times. He 
 wrote Historical Ski ■h-hes of Manchester, 1851; History of the Anti-Corn Law 
 League, 1853* and other works. 
 
 1858. 
 
 A testimonial, consisting of a valuable timepiece and a box containing 
 three hundred sovereigns, was presented to Captain Willis, upon his resignation 
 of his position as chief constable, January 11. 
 
 S
 
 274 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1858 
 
 Rev. Richard Parkinson, D.D., died January 28, at the Priory of St. Bees. 
 He was of yeoman stock, and was born at Woodgates, Chipping, and after an 
 early education at Brabin's School went on to Hawkshead Grammar School 
 and St. John's College, Cambridge. He became master of Lea School, near 
 Preston, edited the Preston Pilot, became theological tutor of St. Bee's College, 
 of which he was afterwards principal, and in 1830 Rector of Whitworth, 
 near Rochdale. In 1833 he was elected a Fellow of Manchester Church. He is 
 the author of several volumes on theology, but is best remembered by his Old 
 Church Clock, which was published in 1843. The fifth edition appeared in 1880, 
 and by the copious annotations of its editor, Mr. John Evans, has become an 
 important book of local history. 
 
 The new warehouse belonging to Messrs. Watts, in Portland Street, 
 was opened for business, March 16. 
 
 The cotton spinning and doubling mill of Messrs. Lewis and Williams, 
 Minshull Street, was destroyed by fire, causing damage which was estimated 
 at about £20,000, March 20. 
 
 The Synagogue of British Jews, in York Street, Cheetham Hill Road, was 
 consecrated, March 25. 
 
 A meeting on Parliamentary Reform was held in the Salford Town Hall, 
 March 31. The mayor, Mr. W. Harvey, presided. 
 
 A public dinner given to Sir James Brooke, K.C.B., Rajah of Sarawak, at 
 the Queen's Hotel, Piccadilly, April 21. Mr. Ivie Mackie, mayor, presided. 
 
 A meeting of the Cotton Supply Association was held in the Town Hall, 
 May 14, for the purpose of encouraging the culture of cotton in our East Indian 
 possessions. 
 
 The annual Whitsuntide procession of the scholars of the Church of 
 England Sunday Schools took place, May 24. The number of scholars was 11,9S5. 
 21 Victoria, cap. 24. Act for enabling the Justices of the County of Lan- 
 caster to erect or provide Assize Courts in or near Manchester, and for other 
 purposes. June 14. 
 
 21 Victoria, cap. 25. Act for enabling the Corporation of the City of Man- 
 chester to raise further sums of money, and for other purposes. June 14. 
 
 21 Victoria, cap. 37. Act for the more effectual management and repair of 
 the road from Manchester, through Hyde, to Mottram-in-Longdendale, county 
 of Chester. June 14. 
 
 Rev. Jabez Bunting, D.D., died June 16 at his house, 30, Myddelton Square, 
 London. He was born at Newton Lane, Manchester, May 13, 1779, and was 
 taken by his mother to Oldham Street Chapel to receive Wesley's blessing. 
 For fifty-nine years he was a minister of the Methodist Connexion, and had 
 occupied every position of prominence in it. For many years he was the most 
 representative man of that great religious organisation. He was educated by 
 Dr. Percival, and had for his early religious friends Dr. Adam Clarke and Dr. 
 Coke. The first volume of a Life of Dr. Bunting, by his son, Mr. T. P. Bunting, 
 appeared in 1859. There are several portraits of him. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Edmondson died June 22. When booking clerk at the Milton 
 Station, on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, he devised the ticket system 
 now in general use. He afterwards removed to Manchester, where he founded 
 ticket-printing establishments.
 
 1858] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 271 
 
 Rev. John Clunie, LL.D., died June 23. He was born at London, April 9, 
 1784, and was the Principal of Leaf Square and Seedley Grove Academies, 1812 
 to 1837. He was the author of a Funeral Sermon for Rev. William Roby, 1830, 
 and other pamphlets. 
 
 21 and 22 Victoria. Act providing for the separate incorporation of 
 the overseers of the several townships of Manchester, Ardwick, Chorlton- 
 upon-Medlock, and Hulme, for specific purposes, for the levying and collection 
 of rates, for the extinguishing the exemption of gasworks from rates. June 28. 
 
 A boiler explosion occurred at Messrs. Sharp, Stewart, and Co.'s Atlas 
 "Works, Great Bridgewater Street, July 2, when seven persons were killed and 
 five seriously injured. 
 
 21 and 22 Victoria, cap. 87. Act for amending the Acts relating to the 
 Manchester Corporation Waterworks. July 12. 
 
 The statue of the late Mr. Joseph Brotherton, M.P., was inaugurated in Peel 
 Park, Salford, August 5. The cost was defrayed by public subscription. 
 
 The annual show of the Manchester and Liverpool Agricultural Society 
 was held at Longsight, September 9. 
 
 Mr. Ernest Jones, the Chartist leader, who had now settled in Manchester, 
 gave a lecture on Parliamentary Reform, in Heyrod Street, September 27. 
 
 St. George's Church, Charlestown, was consecrated by Bishop Lee, Oct. 2. 
 The architect was Mr. E. H. Shellard, and the cost of erection £7,000. It was 
 enlarged in 18G2. 
 
 The Duke of Cambridge visited Manchester, October 9. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Hall, M.A., died October 21. He was the eldest son of the 
 Rev. Samuel Hall, of St. Ann's, and was educated at the Grammar School, and 
 St. John's College, Cambridge. When perpetual curate of Billinge he 
 abandoned his Calvinistic views, and, becoming a Universalist, resigned his 
 position in the Church of England. 
 
 Lord John Russell delivered an address at the Manchester Athenaeum 
 soiree, held in the Free Trade Hall, October 21. 
 
 Mr. John Young Caw, F.S. A. (Scotland), died Oct. 22. He was born at Perth 
 about 1810. He was the author of works on banking, a paper on Goldsmith's 
 Deserted Village, and another on Ecclesiastical Affairs in Manchester. 
 (Dictionary of National Biography.) 
 
 St. John the Baptist's Church, Embden Street, Hulme, built from the 
 designs of Mr. E. H. Shellard, was consecrated October 23. It was built by sub- 
 scription, one of the principal subscribers and workers being Mr. Herbert 
 Birley. 
 
 Sir John Potter, M.P., died at his residence, Beech House, Pendleton, 
 October 25, in the 1 1th year of his age. He was the son of Sir Thomas Potter, 
 and look an important part in the public life of the town. He was 1 1n- founder 
 of the Manchester Free Library, and an interesting sketch of him is given in 
 Edwards's Free Toivn Libraries. When the Moderate Liberals deserted the 
 "Manchester School" their choice fell upon Sir John, who defeated Mr. Bright 
 at the election of 1857. He was buried at Ardwick Cemetery October 30, when 
 the respect felt by his fellow-citizens was shown by a public funeral. 
 
 St. Mary's Church, Hulme, was consecrated November 13. The building was 
 begun in 1S53. The spire was completed July 26, ISoG, and ascends to the
 
 276 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1859 
 
 height of 224 feet 4 inches ; above this is a vane 18 feet high, making a total 
 altitude of 242 feet. This beautiful church owes its origin to the munificence 
 of the late Mr. Wilbraham Egerton, of Tatton Park, who died in 1856. The 
 cost was £16,000. The architect was Mr. J. C. Crowther. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Bazley was elected M.P. for Manchester, in the place of Sir 
 John Potter, deceased, November 17. 
 
 Mr. Robert Owen died Nov. 17. He was born at Newtown, Montgomery- 
 shire, May 14, 1771, asd after being a draper's assistant became manager of a 
 cotton mill at Manchester, where he distinguished himself by business ability 
 and care for the workpeople. He married the daughter of Mr. David Dale, 
 and his mills at New Lanark, near Glasgow, became models to which visitors 
 came from all parts of the world. He became the apostle of Socialism, and 
 devoted to its advocacy both time and money in an unstinted degree. He had 
 great qualities, and some foibles, but his generosity and disinterestedness 
 were never questioned, even by his slanderers. Thousands of the working 
 classes embraced his doctrine as harbingers of a better day, but the failure of 
 several attempts to establish communities checked its progress, and the 
 agitation gradually ceased. The modern co-operative movement is perhaps the 
 most important legacy that Socialism has left. The story of the Socialist 
 agitation, which had many adherents in Manchester, must be sought in the 
 lives of Owen, by Sargant, and by Booth ; in Owen's numerous writings ; and 
 in Holyoake's History of Co-operation. 
 
 St. Luke's Church, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, was consecrated by Bishop Lee, 
 December 4. It was built in 1804, at a cost of £2,500. In 1865 it was rebuilt, at a 
 cost of £7,000, and was consecrated by Bishop Lee, July 1, 1865. 
 
 Rev. Henry Halford Jones, F.R.A.S., died December 21. He was a native 
 of Brownsover, near Rugby, where he was born June 6, 1787. He was the 
 author of Philosophy of Education, 1837, and other tracts. (Monthly Notices, 
 R. Astro. S., xxx. 119.) 
 
 Mr. Robert Wilson Smiles appointed librarian of the Manchester Free 
 Libraries, on the resignation of Mr. Edward Edwards. Mr. Smiles resigned in 
 1SG2. 
 
 The lectures delivered by the Rev. Arthur Mursell on Sunday afternoons 
 began to excite attention. The earlier lectures were delivered at the Heyrod 
 Street Institution, and their popularity led to their continuance at the Free 
 Trade Hall. Several series were printed, and had a large sale. Some of the 
 lectures gave rise to considerable controversy, and there is quite a pamphlet 
 literature about them. Of most of these tracts there are copies in the Man- 
 chester Free Library. There are several details of interest in the Manchester 
 City News Notes and Queries, vol. i., pp. 320, 324. 
 
 1859. 
 
 The cotton waste warehouse of Mr. Perry, situate in Blossom Street, Great 
 Ancoats Street, was destroyed by fire, January 7. 
 
 A fire took place in the shop of Mr. Owen, toy dealer, Oldham Street, 
 January 11. The damage was between £3,000 and £4,000. 
 
 A testimonial, consisting of an elegant silver centrepiece, was presented to
 
 1859" 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 277 
 
 Mr. Thomas Bazley, M.P., by the members of the Chamber of Commerce, 
 January 12. 
 
 A man named Robinson, the keeper of a beerhouse in Albert Street, 
 murdered his wife, then attempted to set the house on fire, and finally hanged 
 himself, February 1. 
 
 A conference of Reformers favourable to the general principles of Mr. 
 Bright's Representation of the People Bill, was held in the Free Trade Hall 
 February 1. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Kibble Hervey died at Kentish Town, Feb. 27. He was the 
 son of Mr. James Hervey, of Oldham Street, and was born in Paisley about 
 1802. He was a popular poet, and editor of the Athenceum. His best known 
 piece is the "Convict Ship." There is a memoir prefixed to an edition of his 
 poems published at Boston, U.S., 1866.' 
 
 Mr. James A. Turner, M.P., was entertained at a public dinner in the 
 Free Trade Hall, March 4. 
 
 A public meeting, convened by the Mayor, of the Reformers of Lancashire, 
 was held in the Town Hall, March 17. 
 
 A meeting of Temperance Reformers, held under the auspices of the 
 Manchester and Salf ord Temperance Advocates Society, in the Corn Exchange, 
 on Good Friday, April 22, for the presentation of an address to Dr. Frederic 
 Richard Lees. This was an expression of sympathy at a time when there was 
 much controversy between various sections of Temperance Reformers. — 
 OVinskill's Temperance Reformation, p. 324.) 
 
 Rev. William Turner died at Manchester, April 24, aged 97. He was 
 author of an Essay on Crimes and Punishments read to the Manchester 
 Literary and Philosophical Society, 1784. For fifty-nine years he was pastor 
 of the Hanover Square Unitarian Chapel, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 
 
 The poll for the election of members of Parliament for the boroughs of 
 Manchester and Salford was taken April 30. Mr. Thomas Bazley and Mr. 
 James Aspinall Turner were returned for Manchester, and Mr. William 
 Nathaniel Massey for Salford. The figures were: Manchester— Bazley, 7,545; 
 Turner, 7,300; Hey wood, 5,499; Denman, 5,235. Salford— Massey, 1,919; 
 Ashworth, 1,787. April 30. 
 
 The annual Whitsuntide procession of the scholars of the Church of 
 England Sunday Schools took place June 13. The number of scholars who took 
 part in the procession was 12,212. 
 
 The foundation stone of St. Peter's Church, Oldham Road, was laid by Mr. 
 John Keymer, June 25. 
 
 The Act 22 and 23 Victoria, cap. 19, to enable the Mayor, Aldermen, and 
 Burgesses of the Borough of Salford to raise a further sum of money for 
 improving their gasworks, and for other purposes. July 21. 
 
 Two boys and a man were drowned in a pit at Moss Side, July 26. The boys 
 were bathing in the pit, when they sank in the mud, and the man in attempt- 
 ing to save them sank along with them. 
 
 The factory operatives of Manchester presented to the Countess of Shaftes- 
 bury a marble bust of her husband. August 6. 
 
 The first corps of Volunteers was formed in June, and having been accepted 
 by Government, became the 6th Lancashire Regiment. August 12.
 
 278 Annals of Manchester. [ir50 
 
 Mr. James Simpson, J.P., of Foxhill, died September 3. He was born at 
 Clitheroe July 9, 1812, and in 1813 married Miss Hannah Harvey, the daughter of 
 Alderman Harvey, of Salford. He was a zealous Reformer, interested himself 
 in the work of the Anti-Corn-Law League, the Temperance movement, and 
 was the founder of the Vegetarian Society. (Winskill's Temperance Refor- 
 mation, p. 315.) 
 
 Mr. Richard Renshaw died at Iowa Falls, U.S.A., September 5. He was 
 born at Manchester 1769, and was the author of a Voyage to Cape of Good 
 Hope, 1804. There is a portrait of the author prefixed to this work. 
 
 Rev. Cort Huthersal, M.A., died at Leamington, September 14. He was 
 oorn at Manchester, and was the author of Synopsis of the Various Adminis- 
 trations for the Government of England, 1706-1742. (Manchester School 
 Register, vol. iii., p. 44.) 
 
 Mr. John Ashton Nicholls, F.R.A.S., died September 18. He was the only 
 son of Alderman Benjamin Nicholls, and was born at Chorlton-on-Medlock, 
 March 25, 1823. He took an active interest in science and philanthropy, and 
 his early death was felt to be a great loss to the community. There is an 
 obelisk to his memory in Great Ancoats Street. A Selection of Letters written 
 by him was edited by his mother and printed in 1862. There is a notice of him 
 in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astron. Society, xx. 131. A Funeral Sermon 
 and Memoir, by Rev. W. Gaskell, appeared shortly after his death. 
 
 Mr. Robert Stephenson, the eminent engineer, died October 12, aged 56. 
 In 1827 he was engaged in the first line of railway from Manchester to 
 Liverpool. 
 
 The members of the Cotton Supply Association and their friends assembled 
 in the Town Hall to meet the Right Hon. James Wilson, previous to his 
 departure for India, and to discuss matters connected with the trade of India, 
 October 4. 
 
 Mr. John Bolton Rogerson died in the Isle of Man, October 15th. He was 
 born at Manchester, January 20, 1809, and was for many years a leading spirit 
 in the literary coteries of the city. He wrote Rhyme, Romance, and Reverie? 
 1840; A Voice from the Town, 1842; Musings in Many Moods, 1859, and 
 other poetical works. There is a portrait of him in Procter's Literary 
 Reminiscences. 
 
 The Right Hon, B. Disraeli, M.P., distributed the prizes to the successful 
 competitors of the evening class examinations of the Union of Lancashire and 
 Cheshire at the Mechanics' Institution, at the Free Trade Hall, November 1. 
 
 The Bishop of Manchester consecrated the Church of St. Catherine, Colly- 
 hurst Road. It provided 876 sittings. November 5th. 
 
 Mr. George Wilfred Anthony died at Manchester, November 14, aged 49 
 years. He was a native of Manchester, and had more than a local reputation 
 as an art critic. He was one of Liverseege's executors, and himself an artist 
 of talent. He wrote chiefly under the pseudonym of "Gabriel Tinto." 
 {Procter's Lit. Rem., p. 68.) 
 
 Mr. Frank Stone, A.R.A., died in London, November 18. He was born in 
 Manchester, August 26, 1800, and acquired distinction as a painter of historical 
 and domestic subjects, and in portraiture. 
 
 A great meeting was held in the Free Trade Hall, November 21, to take
 
 :_S60] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 279 
 
 steps for raising money to equip and arm Volunteer Riflemen. The sub- 
 scriptions for that purpose amounted to £3,190. 
 
 Mr. Thomas de Quincey died at Edinburgh, December 8, 1859. He was born 
 August 5th, 1785. There has been some doubt as to his birthplace ; but it may 
 now be regarded as settled that it was not Greenheys, but Princess Street, in 
 the house since known as the Prince's Tavern. (Mr. John Evans in Papers of 
 the Manchester Literary Club, vol. v., pp. 214-5; Palatine Note-Book, vol. i., 
 p. 49.) This remarkable man was doubtless the most distinguished of the 
 natives of Manchester who have entered upon the thorny path of literature. 
 Of his early years he has left an account of singular interest in the Confessions 
 of an English Opium Eater, and in the Autobiographic Sketches. His father 
 was Thomas Quincey, a Manchester merchant, who died when his son was only 
 five years old. De Quincey was educated at Bath and Manchester Grammar 
 Schools. He ran away from school, and, later, he ran away from college, and his 
 devotion to literature went hand in hand with the opium habit, from which, 
 however, he made several temporary escapes. He contributed to the London 
 Magazine and various other periodical publications, and was probably the most 
 brilliant magazine writer of the century. The papers which have been selected 
 extend to sixteen volumes, and there are others which have not been collected. 
 He married, in 1816, Margaret Simpson, the daughter of a Westmoreland farmer. 
 His wife died in 1837, and his later years were tenderly cared for by his 
 daughters. His fame must rest chiefly upon the Opium Eater, of which there 
 have been many editions. The fire, subtlety, and pathos of the work give it a 
 charm to be felt if not described. There is a notice of his life in Espinasse's 
 Lancashire Worthies, and a separate biography has been published by Dr. A. 
 H. Japp. A characteristic sketch of his manner, but with some exaggeration, 
 is given in Burton's Book-Hunter, where he figures as " Thomas Papaverus." 
 He is buried in the Greyfriars Church at Edinburgh. There are several 
 engraved portraits of him. 
 
 Rev. James Panton Ham resigned the co-pastorate of Cross Street Chapel, 
 to which he was appointed October 8, 1855, to become the minister of Essex 
 Street Chapel, London. During his stay in Manchester he preached a sermon 
 on the Sabbath Controversy, which was printed. There is a portrait of him in 
 Sir Thomas Baker's Memorials. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Equitable Co-operative Society was founded 
 by a band of young men known as the "Roby Brotherhood," from their 
 association with the Sunday School of Roby Chapel. They opened a store in 
 Ancoats, June 4th. The progress of the society is recorded under date November 
 8, 1884. 
 
 1860. 
 
 St. Peter's, Oldham Road, was consecrated by Bishop Lee, January 14. 
 Mr. J. Holden was the architect, and the cost of erection was £4,500. 
 
 The Rev. Canon Stowell delivered an address to the Manchester Rifle 
 Volunteers, in the Free Trade Hall, January 19. 
 
 The Hanover Mills, Buxton Street, London Road, were destroyed by lire, 
 February 2. The premises contained 20,000 spindles and 138 carding engines. 
 The damage was estimated at about £25,000.
 
 280 Annals of Manchester. (1£63 
 
 The Prince of Orange visited Manchester, February 24. 
 
 Mr. James Braid, M.R.C.S.Edin., died in Manchester, March 25, at the age 
 of 65. He was a native of Fifeshire, and received his education at Edinburgh 
 University. He came to Manchester soon after beginning his career as a 
 medical man, and became distinguished for his special skill in dealing with 
 some dangerous and difficult diseases. In 1841 he entered into the investi- 
 gation of animal magnetism, which at the time he believed to be wholly a 
 system of collusion or illusion. His researches, however, led to the discovery 
 of a reality in some of the phenomena, though he differed from the mesmerists 
 as to their causes. Similar phenomena of abnormal sleep and peculiar con- 
 dition of mind and body were found to be self -induced by fixedly staring on 
 any inanimate object, the mental attention being concentrated on the act. 
 This proved that the peculiar condition did not arise from any magnetic 
 influence passing from the operator into the patient, as alleged by the 
 mesmerists. Mr. Braid read a paper on his discovery to the members of the 
 British Association, at Manchester, in 1842, and subsequently published 
 several works on the subject. The most important of these is the treatise 
 which he entitled Neurypnology; or, the Rationale of Nervous Sleej), considered 
 in relation to Animal Magnetism, illustrated by numerous cases of its suc- 
 cessful application in the relief and cure of diseases (1843). This discovery of 
 an artificial somnambulism he appropriately designated " neuro-hypnotism," 
 afterwards shortened to "hypnotism," a term which has come into universal 
 use. Mr. Braid and his writings were much derided by the mesmerists and 
 others, but his suggestion is now generally accepted, and has been taken up in 
 France, where the system is sometimes called " Braidism," and in Germany 
 and other countries. The curative qualities of hypnotism are, indeed, much 
 more recognised on the Continent than in England. (Dictionary of National 
 Biography.) 
 
 23 Victoria, cap. 4. Act for supplying with gas the township of Droylsden 
 and other places adjacent thereto, in the parishes of Manchester and Ashton- 
 under-Lyne. April 3. 
 
 A portion of the roofing of the Victoria Railway Station fell in, April 3, 
 but fortunately no person was injured. 
 
 Mr. John Bright, M.P., delivered an address to a meeting of Reformers, in 
 the Free Trade Hall, April 12. 
 
 As the result of a police raid, six keepers of betting-list houses in Thomas 
 Street and neighbourhood were taken into custody, and a fine of £100 was 
 imposed. April 23. 
 
 The foundation-stone of a Greek Church, in Higher Broughton, was laid 
 by the Rev. B. Moros, May 8. 
 
 23 and 24 Victoria. Act for enabling the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of 
 the city of Manchester to effect further improvements in the said city, and for 
 other purposes. May 15. 
 
 Mr. William Butterworth Bayley died, at St. Leonard's, May 20. He wa3 
 sixth son of Mr. Thomas B. Bayley, F.R.S., of Hope, and was educated at Eton, 
 Cambridge, and Fort William College. He entered the Bengal Civil Service, 
 and in 1S19 became Chief Secretary to the Government of India. In 1825 he 
 was appointed a member of the Council, and in March, 1828, on the departure
 
 i860; Annals of Manchester. 281 
 
 of Lord Amherst, Mr. Bayley, as senior member of the Government, became 
 Acting-Governor-General of India, a post which he held several months, and 
 then resumed his seat as a member of Council. He resigned his seat on the 
 Council 11th November, 1830, and coming to England, became, in 1833, Deputy- 
 Chairman, and in the following year Chairman, of the East India Company. 
 He retired from public life shortly after the Mutiny. His son, Sir Stewart 
 Colvin Bayley, K.C.S.I., has also filled various important offices in India. 
 Apparently the only published work of Mr. W, B. Bayley is his thesis pro- 
 nounced at Fort William College, in 1802. 
 
 The annual Whitsuntide procession of scholars of the Church of England 
 Sunday schools took place May 28. The number of scholars who joined in the 
 procession was 11,033. 
 
 The Manchester Racing Committee celebrated by a public dinner the cen- 
 tenary of the Kersal Moor Races. This was the centenary of the revival, for 
 they were held at the same place from 1730 to 1745, after which they were dis- 
 continued for fifteen years. 
 
 23 Victoria, cap. 93. Act to alter and amend the several Acts relating to 
 the Manchester Corporation Waterworks, and for other purposes. June 14. 
 
 Mr. Robert Barnabas Brough died at Manchester, June 26. He was born 
 in London in 1828, but in early life was engaged as a clerk in a commercial 
 house in Manchester, and afterwards in Liverpool, where he edited the Liver- 
 pool Lion. He became a successful writer of burlesque, and was the author 
 of several novels and of some poems of unusual excellence. These have not 
 been collected, but the best are given at the end of his novel of Miss Brown. 
 A biographical notice by Mr. G. A. Sala is prefixed to his Marston Lynch. 
 
 The first number of the Co-operator was published in June. Mr. Edward 
 Longfield was the first editor. He was succeeded by Mr. Henry Pitman, who 
 conducted it for nine years, when it gave place to the Co-operative News. 
 
 The Field Naturalists' Association was formed in June. 
 
 A testimonial, consisting of a service of silver of the value of 400 guineas, 
 was presented to Mr. Daniel Maude, police magistrate of Manchester, July 5. 
 
 Mr. Charles Southwell died August 6. He was the youngest of thirty-six 
 brothers and sisters, and came into notice as an advocate of Socialism and 
 Freethought, for which he was at one time imprisoned at Bristol. In 1819 he 
 was the editor of the Lancashire Beacon, which was published at the Hall of 
 Science, Campfield. In it Southwell mentions the Christian Beacon pub- 
 lished in Manchester, and of which he oxultingly records the decease. Of his 
 owni?cacon twenty-three weekly numbers appeared, mostly undated. The last 
 was issued December 28. There is a copy in the Manchester Reference 
 Library. Afterwards he left England for New Zealand, where he is said to 
 have acted as the editor of a Wesleyan newspaper. He died, however, as lie 
 had lived, an Atheist. (Holyoake's History of Co-operation, vol. i., pp. 239, 
 243, 371.) 
 
 23 and 2 ! Victoria, cap. 69. Act to enable the Ecclesiastical Commissioners 
 for England to apply certain funds towards the repairs of the Cathedral or 
 Collegiate Church of Manchester. August 6. 
 
 The four companies of the Salford Volunteers were presented with silver 
 bugles by the ladies of the borough, September 15.
 
 282 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1361 
 
 A railway collision took place at Ordsal Lane Station, September 17, by 
 which six persons were injured. 
 
 The Deaf and Dumb School for Infants, at Old Trafford, was inaugurated, 
 September 26. 
 
 St. Philip's Church, Chester Street, Hulme, was consecrated. It was 
 erected at the cost of the Messrs. Birley, and the Rev. Robert Birley was the 
 first rector. The architects were Messrs. Shellard and Brown. September 29. 
 
 Mr. Henry Irving made his first appearance at the Theatre Royal, Sep- 
 tember 29. The piece was The Spy, and the character that of Adolphe, a 
 young carpenter. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Clarke, M.A., died, Feb. 25, at Stretford, of which place he was 
 the incumbent. He was born in 1811, and was the author of The Wreck of the 
 Orion, and was one of the passengers by that ill-fated steamer. 
 
 A boiler explosion took place at the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway 
 Company's waggon shops, Miles Platting, October 26. Three persons were 
 fatally injured. 
 
 The Duke of Argyll visited Manchester, November 6. He distributed the 
 prizes at the meeting of the Union of Lancashire and Cheshire Institutes. 
 
 A meeting of the friends of voluntary education was held in the Free 
 Trade Hall, November 13. 
 
 Bartholomew Onley, the keeper of a betting-list house, in Thomas Street, 
 was fined £100, November 26. 
 
 The Empress of the French paid a visit to Manchester, November 30. She 
 visited the principal warehouses and manufactories, and received an address 
 from the Corporation. 
 
 The Salford Natural History Society was formed, November. 
 
 In consequence of the heavy rains, the river Medlock overflowed its 
 banks, December 6, causing much inconvenience and loss to property-owners. 
 
 The Co-operative Printing Society was formed. 
 
 Public baths and washhouses were opened in Leaf Street, Stretford Road, 
 Hulme. 
 
 The Assembly Room, Mosley Street, was sold, and a new one built in York 
 Street, Cheetham Hill, at a cost of £14,000. 
 
 1861. 
 
 On the first of January appeared The Dawn: a Journal of Social and 
 Religious Progress, published by J. W. Farquhar, of New Corporation Street. 
 It was discontinued with the 24th number, December 1, 1862. The writers were 
 chiefly Mr. Thomas Robinson, of Newton Heath, and Mr. Edward Brotherton. 
 
 A fire at the Greengate cotton waste mill of Mr. Peter Andrew, January 
 10, caused damage to the amount of £7,000. 
 
 The Bee Hive Cotton Mills, situate in Jersey Street and Bengal Street, 
 were destroyed by fire, January 11. The damage was estimated at £25,0C0. 
 
 A conference on Indian affairs was held in the board room of the Chamber 
 of Commerce, January 31. 
 
 Mr. Charles Henry Timperley died at London, January. He was born at 
 Manchester about 1795, and was a printer, who afterwards devoted himself to
 
 1861] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 283 
 
 literature. He wrote a Dictionary of Printers, 1839; Annals of Manch ester , 
 1839 ; Songs of the Press, 1845, &c. These show great industry and ability. 
 (Procter's Streets, p. 186 ; Reliquary, vol. xiv. p. 143.) 
 
 A boiler explosion happened at the paper works of Messrs. Dickinson, 
 situate in Elm Street, Water Street, near Regent Road, February 4. Three 
 persons died from injuries they received. 
 
 A fire broke out amongst warehouses off High Street, February 8, doing 
 damage to the amount of £10,000. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Adshead died at Withington, Manchester, February 15. He 
 was born in 1800, and was a member of the Manchester Corporation. He wrote 
 The Wreck of the Bothesay Castle, 1831 ; Prisons and Prisoners, 1S45 ; and a 
 number of pamphlets on social and local politics. 
 
 Representatives of the different Chambers of Commerce of Manchester, 
 Glasgow, Liverpool, and other towns met at the Westminster Palace Hotel, 
 February 19, to adopt a petition to Parliament, to amend the laws relating to 
 land in India for the growth of cotton. 
 
 The foundation-stone of St. Paul's Church, Chorlton-on-Medlock, was laid 
 by the Rev. E. Birch, March 9. 
 
 Mrs. E. Hadfield died March 23. She was a Quakeress, and author of 
 Sprays from the Hedgerows (poems), 1850. 
 
 A town's meeting was held in the Manchester Town Hall, March 28, when 
 resolutions in favour of Parliamentary Reform were adopted. 
 
 The annual Whitsuntide procession of the scholars of the Church of 
 England Sunday Schools took place May 20. The number of scholars in the 
 procession was 13,142. 
 
 The colours which formerly belonged to the first battalion of the Indepen- 
 dent Manchester and Salford Volunteers of 1803, and which for a long time had 
 been deposited in St. John's Church, were presented to the 5th or Press Com- 
 pany of the 3rd Manchester Rifle Volunteers, June 1. 
 
 The officers of the 2nd Regiment of Manchester Rifle Volunteers, and 
 other friends of Lieutenant-Colonel Deakin, entertained that gentleman at 
 dinner, at the Albion Hotel, June 3, and presented him with an equestrian 
 portrait of himself, as a testimony of their esteem and regard. 
 
 A very extensive fire broke out at the works of Messrs. Parr, Curtis, and 
 Madeley, Chapel Street, Great Ancoats, June 15, doing damage to the amount 
 of about £80,000. 
 
 Mr. Eaton Hodgkinson, F.R.S., died at Eaglesfield House, Higher Brough- 
 ton, June 18. He was born Feb. 26, 1789, at Adderton, Great Budworth, where 
 his father, a farmer, died when the boy was six years old. He was sent to the 
 Northwich Grammar School, where the injudicious severity, not to say 
 brutality, of the schoolmaster, produced a nervous tremour of the hands and 
 speech which in after life was a serious disadvantage. In 1811 he persuaded 
 his mother to embark in the pawnbroking business in Manchester. Here he 
 found congenial society, and was able to pursue those scientific and mathe- 
 matical studies which were the passion of his life. I [e \\ as appointed Professor 
 of the Mechanical Principles of Engineering at University College, London, 
 and travelled a good deal on the Continent. His researches had ehiefiy refer- 
 ence to the strength of materials and allied subjects. He contributed largely
 
 284 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1861 
 
 to the transactions of learned societies, and was himself enrolled in the ranks 
 of the Royal Society, the Geographical Society, the Royal Irish Academy, the 
 Royal Institute of British Architects, &c. A memoir of him by Mr. Robert 
 Rawson appeared in the Memoirs of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical 
 Society, 3rd series, vol. ii. p. 145. 
 
 Alfred, a patriotic play, by Martin Farquhar Tupper, was first acted at the 
 Queen's Theatre, June 25. The leading part was taken by Walter Montgomery. 
 The author was present on the first night. The play was printed for private 
 circulation and afterwards published. 
 
 24 and 25 Victoria, cap. 75. Act for the Manchester and Wilmslow Turn- 
 pike Roads. June 28. 
 
 Mr. William Willis, bookseller, died July 20, in his 54th year. He was of 
 humble extraction, but for some years carried on a prosperous trade ; but, 
 although helped pecuniarily by his brother, he was not permanently successful. 
 He was the publisher of several cheap books, such as Seacome's House of 
 Stanley, Hollinworth's Mancuniensis, &c. At one time he was a staunch 
 Radical and follower of Fergus O'Connor, and his shop was an arena for 
 political discussion. In later years he joined the Church of Rome, and became 
 a strong Conservative, but his new associates were not always able to prevent 
 him from arguing in favour of his earlier views and against his later convic- 
 tions. He was the stormy petrel of vestry meetings, and on one occasion was 
 appointed churchwarden of the Collegiate Church, but the election was invalid, 
 as he had not paid his rates. An account of this eccentric character, written 
 by Mr. Joseph Johnson, appears in The Manchester Catalogue, December, 
 1883. 
 
 The friends and supporters of Mr. John Cheetham held a meeting at the 
 Free Trade Hall, July 23, to promote the election of that gentleman as M.P. for 
 South Lancashire. 
 
 Rev. Robert Cox Clifton, M.A., died at Somerton Rectory, July 30, aged 51. 
 He was rector of Somerton and canon of Manchester, and wrote several 
 pamphlets on matters connected with the ecclesiastical, educational, and 
 sanitary affairs of the locality. 
 
 At the meeting of the Salford Town Council, August 7, an agreement with 
 Messrs. Greenwood and Haworth was sanctioned in relation to their laying 
 down, on " Haworth's Patent Perambulating Principle," an iron tramway, for 
 the passage thereon of omnibuses, to be moved by horse power upon and along 
 the following roads and streets, commencing at a point near Cross Lane, and 
 proceeding thence over Windsor Bridge, along the Crescent, Crescent Parade, 
 Bank Parade, Whitecross Bank, Chapel Street, and New Bailey Street, towards 
 and to Albert Bridge, in Salford. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Witlam Atkinson, architect and traveller, died at Lower 
 Walmer, August 13. He was a native of Yorkshire, and in early life was a 
 stone carver, but settled in Manchester as an architect. He gave up his pro- 
 fession in order to travel, and was almost the first to open out the regions of 
 Eastern Russia. He wrote Oriental and Western Siberia; Explorations, 
 1858 ; Travels in the Region of the Upper and Lower Amazon, 1860. His 
 widow published Recollections of Tartar Steppes, J863, and his daughter is the 
 writer of Lives of the Queens of Prussia.
 
 1S61] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 285 
 
 A fire broke out in the old Irk Cotton Mills, August 17, doing damage to 
 the amount of several thousand pounds. 
 
 A dramatic licence was granted to Mr. H. B. Peacock for the Free Trade 
 Hall, August 20. 
 
 About 300 carters employed by the various carriers struck for an earlier 
 cessation from labour, August 29. 
 
 The thirty-first meeting of the British Association was held in Manchester, 
 beginning September 4. The President was Sir William Fairbairn. 
 
 The Congregational Church, Chorlton Road, was opened September 12. 
 The following statement of the history of the church was placed in a cavity in 
 the foundation-stone which was laid July 7, I860: "Cannon Street Chapel 
 was built in 1756. The first minister was the Bev. Caleb Warhurst, who came 
 here with the congregation from Cold House to one meeting north of Shude- 
 hill. He continued minister up to the time of his death on November 5, 1765. 
 The second minister was the Bev. Timothy Priestley (brother of the philoso- 
 pher of the same name), of Kipping, near Halifax, who sustained the 
 pastorate for nineteen years, and afterwards removed to London. The Bev. 
 David Bradbury, from Bamsgate, accepted the invitation of the church on the 
 14th of August, 1785, and resigned the same in 1795. He was succeeded by the 
 Bev. William Roby, from Wigan, in September, 1795. Mr. Boby left for 
 Grosvenor Street Chapel in December, 1807. The Bev. William Marsh, of 
 Dukinfielcl, was the next pastor. He accepted the charge on the 3rd July, 
 1808. and resigned the same in September, 1812. The Bev. William Evans, of 
 Aylesbury, undertook the charge on the 25th April, 1813, and held it until 29th 
 September, 1817. The Church was without a pastor for nearly two years, when 
 the Bev. Bobert Allott, of Eastwood, Yorkshire, accepted the office on 25th 
 July, 1S19. He resigned on 2nd August, 1822. Again, for nearly two years, the 
 church was without a pastor. In September, 1S24, the Bev. John Whitridge. 
 of Oswestry, accepted the pastorate, resigning on the 23rd September, 1827, 
 On the 7th October, in the same year, the Bev. Samuel Bradley, from Mosley 
 Street Chapel, entered on the pastorate, which he resigned on April 14th, 1844. 
 On the 19th May of the same year, the Bev. James Dean, of Topsham, was 
 invited to the pastorate, which he resigned on the 1st October, 1847. The Bev. 
 William Parkes, of Lancashire Independent College, received and accepted an 
 invitation from the church, and commenced his labours on the 9th July, 1848. 
 He resigned the pastorate on the 23rd September, 1855. The Bev. Jam s 
 Bruce, of Bamford, became pastor in June, 1856, and resigned in September, 
 1859. In December of the same year, the Bev. Professor Newth, of Lancashire 
 Independent College, consented to accept the office of preacher, which be holds 
 at this time. Built in 1756, Cannon Street Chapel was rebuilt in 1828 at a cost 
 of £1,800. [n consequence of the prevailing tendency of the worshippers to 
 reside in the suburbs, the congregation had been growing less for some years. 
 The office-bearers have made attempts to devise some plan by which to meel 
 the difficulty caused by this condition of matters, and eventually it was 
 resolved to seek the benefit of the Charitable Trusts Act, the Commissioners 
 under which, on the 11th November, 1856, gave power to sell the property. A 
 sale was effected on 2nd March, 1860, when the property was disposed of for 
 the sum of £2,800."
 
 286 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1862 
 
 A meeting of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, the Cotton Supply 
 Association, and the Manchester Cotton Company Limited, was held in the 
 Town Hall, September 19, for the purpose of meeting Rt. Hon. S. Laing, pre- 
 vious to his return to India as Finance Minister. 
 
 There were 43,500 persons receiving parochial relief in the fourth week of 
 September. 
 
 An alarming fire occurred in the waste warehouse situate in the Old 
 Factory Yard, Miller Street, Shudehill, October 3. The damage was estimated 
 at from £10,000 to £12,000. 
 
 The cotton mills began to run short time in October. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Dockray died, at Lancaster, November 4. He was born at 
 Manchester in 1786, and was author of Remarks upon Catholic Emancipation. 
 1817, and Egeria, or Casual Thoughts and Suggestions, 1831-40. 
 
 Mr. John Hall, M.R.C.S., died at Congleton, November 27. He was a son 
 of the Rev. Samuel Hall, of St. Ann's, and was born October 9, 1785. He was 
 the father of Mr. Charles Radcliffe Hall, M.D. 
 
 A dinner was given to the Hon. Captain Denman, at the Palatine Hotel, by 
 the Rifle Volunteers, December 5. 
 
 St. James's Church, Hope, was consecrated by Bishop Lee, December 14. 
 Mr. W. Scott was the architect, and the cost of erection £8,500. 
 
 There was a general cessation of business in the city on December 23, the 
 day of the funeral of the Prince Consort. 
 
 Mr. Absalom Watkin died December 23. He was born in London, June 27, 
 1787. He came to Manchester, at the end of the last century, to be a clerk with 
 his uncle, Mr. John Watkin, a cotton broker. Thus began a career which was 
 identified with the political, social, and commercial progress of Manchester. In 
 conjunction with Mr. John Taylor, he wrote The Club, in the Manchester Iris, 
 afterwards reprinted in a separate form. His letter to Mr. John Bright—and 
 Mr. Bright's reply — in relation to the Crimean war, attracted universal 
 attention. His son, Sir Edward Watkin, has printed the first part of a 
 biography, Absalom Watkin, Fragments, No. 1, Manchester, 1868. 
 
 The population of Municipal Manchester at the seventh census was 
 338,722, and of the Parliamentary Borough 357,979. The population of Salford 
 was 102,449, both for the Municipal and for the Parliamentary Boroughs. 
 
 1862. 
 
 A fire broke out in the buildings which front Market Street and High 
 Street, January 2, and great damage was caused. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Town Hall, and a subscription commenced for 
 raising a monument in Manchester to the memory of the late Prince Consort, 
 January 6. 
 
 Great distress prevailed among the labouring classes of Manchester and 
 Lancashire generally, owing to the slackness of trade. January. 
 
 Messrs. Kershaw and Co. commenced granting relief to their workpeople. 
 January. 
 
 A fire broke out in the tanyard of Mr. Nelson, Red Bank, February 14, 
 which did damage estimated to be between £6,000 and £7,000.
 
 1862] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 287 
 
 A fire broke out on the premises of Messrs. Nichols, Morris, and Co., Pic- 
 cadilly, February 19, doing damage to the amount of several thousand pounds. 
 
 Mr. James Rigby, of Salford, died March 6, at the age of 56, "having never 
 tasted animal food." He was the faithful friend and secretary of Robert Owen, 
 whose last days he soothed. He first came into notice from his exertions in 
 behalf of the Ten Hours Bill. (See further in Holyoake's History of Co-opera- 
 tion, vol. i., p. 370 ; Holyoake's Life and Last Days of Robert Owen, London, 
 1871.) 
 
 Mr. James Collier Harter died at his residence, Broughton New Hall, 
 March 2, in his 74th year. He was for fourteen years treasurer of the Man- 
 chester Infirmary, and was also connected with most of the principal charities 
 in the city. He was buried at St. John's, Higher Broughton, March 15. 
 
 A railway van, 16ft. long and 8ft. wide, was made in twelve hours at the 
 Ashbury Works, Ashton Old Road, Openshaw, March 25. 
 
 St. Paul's Church, Chorlton-on-Medlock, was consecrated March 29 by 
 Bishop Lee. Messrs. Clegg and Knowles were the architects, and the cost of 
 erection was £4,300. 
 
 Mr. Robert Brandt, Judge of the Manchester County Court, died at his 
 residence in Pendleton, April 15, aged 66 years. 
 
 Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, Chancellor of the Exchequer, visited the city, 
 April 23, and distributed the prizes in the Free Trade Hall to the successful 
 students of the Lancashire and Cheshire Union of Institutes. On the following 
 day he addressed a meeting at the Town Hall. 
 
 A meeting of the resident gentry was called by the Mayor (Mr. Thomas 
 Goadsby), to consider the propriety of forming a relief committee. April 29. 
 
 A great meeting of the unemployed operatives of this city took place in 
 Stevenson Square, April 29 There were from 2,000 to 3,000 persons present. 
 
 Mr. Evan Mellor, land agent, was murdered, at his office in St. James's 
 Square, by William Taylor, May 16. The three children of the latter were also 
 found dead the same day at his residence, Britannia Buildings, Strangeways. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Warren, LL.D., died at Manchester, May 23. He was a 
 Wesleyan minister, but left that body in consequence of the Fly Leaves con- 
 troversy, and afterwards became incumbent of All Souls' Church, Ancoats. 
 He was author of Chronicles of Wesleyan Methodism, 1827 ; Sermons on 
 Various Subjects, 1833 ; and other books and pamphlets. His son, Samuel 
 Warren, Q.C., was the author of Ten Thousand a Year. 
 
 A meeting, convened by Mr. Thomas Goadsby, mayor, to consider the pro- 
 priety of adopting a scheme for granting loans to unemployed operatives. May. 
 
 The Board of Guardians had some 400 or 500 men at work, in return for 
 relief to the extent of 2s. Od. for man and wife, and 5s. to 6s. per week for large 
 families. May. 
 
 The annual procession of the scholars of the Church of England Sunday 
 schools took place, June 9. The number of scholars in the procession was 
 about 9,700. 
 
 Mohammed Said Pasha, Viceroy of Egypt, visited this city, July 8. 
 
 £17,000 subscribed in five days by noblemen and members of Parlia- 
 ment for the Lancashire distress. The sum finally amounted to £52,000. 
 July 19.
 
 288 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1882 
 
 25 and 26 Victoria, cap. 205. Act for consolidating and amending the Acts 
 relating to the Corporation of Salford, for extending their powers, and for 
 other purposes. August 7. 
 
 £30,000 received from Australia on account of Lancashire Relief Fund, 
 September 7. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Henry died, October 4. He was a native of Ireland, but 
 passed his early life in Philadelphia. At the age of 21 he came to Manchester, 
 and was the founder of the firm of A. and S. Henry. He was M.P. in the 
 Liberal interest for South Lancashire from December, 1847, to July, 1852. He 
 was an ardent reformer. His son, Mr. John Snowden Henry, was afterwards 
 Conservative M.P. for South-East Lancashire. Another son, Mr. Mitchell 
 Henry, who was educated for the medical profession, in which he had already 
 gained distinction, entered I arliament as a Liberal. (Baker's Memorials, 
 p. 123.) 
 
 Captain Thomas Brown, who was for twenty-two years curator of the 
 Natural History Museum, died October 8. He was born at Perth in 1785, and 
 educated at the Edinburgh High School. When about twenty years old he 
 joined the Forfar and Kincardine Militia, of which he became captain in 1811. 
 When quartered at Manchester he edited Goldsmith's Animated Nature for 
 Mr. Gleave. The regiment having disbanded, he invested his money in a Fife- 
 shire flax mill, which was burned down before it was insured. He then became 
 a professional author, and wrote numerous scientific works. In 1840 he was 
 appointed curator of the Museum in Peter Street, and retained the position 
 until his death. 
 
 Mr. John Burton Bondeau died, in reduced circumstances, at Manchester, 
 October 10, aged 37. He was an indefatigable collector of curious and scarce 
 books and tracts, and wrote some bibliographical papers and communications. 
 Most of his collection passed into the hands of Mr. James Crossley, and were 
 dispersed at the sale of the Crossley library. 
 
 The new Court of Becord, Salford, was opened October 23. 
 
 Mr. Bichard Cobden, M.P., addressed a meeting of the members of the 
 Manchester Chamber of Commerce, on international maritime law, 
 October 24. 
 
 Belief Committees were organised at Barton-upon-Irwell, Chorlton, and 
 Salford. October. 
 
 A pastoral from Cardinal Wiseman, November 30, in reference to the Lan- 
 cashire distress, and urging efforts for its relief, was issued. 
 
 The expenditure for eight weeks of Central Executive Committee for out- 
 door relief was £13,734 2s. 4d. ; Belief Committee, £19,157 6s. 4d. December 7. 
 
 Bev. William Brocklehurst Stonehouse, M.A., D.C.L., died at Owston, 
 Lincolnshire, December 18. He was born at Manchester, 1792, and was the 
 author of History and Topography of the Isle of Axholme, 1839. (Manchester 
 School Register, iii. 40.) 
 
 The Mansion House Committee grant £55,000 for the relief of the Lan- 
 cashire distress, December 19. The contributions received during the week 
 amounted to £23,400. 
 
 At a county meeting in Cheshire. £30,000 was received for the Lancashire 
 distress, December 30.
 
 1863] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 289 
 
 The Industrial Partnerships Record published. It "was edited by Messrs. 
 E. O. Greening and Robert Bailey Walker. The title was changed to Social 
 Economist, when Mr. G. J. Holyoake became joint editor. 
 
 Rev. William Metcalfe died at Philadelphia, in the 75th year of his age. 
 He was a native of Orton, in Westmoreland, and having adopted the faith of 
 the Bible Christians, he became assistant in Cowherd's academy at Salford in 
 1811. In 1817 he emigrated to Philadelphia, where he founded the Bible 
 Christian Church still existing there. In 1S30 he converted Silvester Graham 
 and Dr. W. Alcott. He was the editor of the Moral Reformer, the Library of 
 Health, the Temperance Advocate, Independent Democrat, and American Vege- 
 tarian. He was a delegate to " The World's Peace Convention " in 1851, and 
 in 1S55 he became the minister of the Bible Christian Church, Salford, and had 
 the melancholy duty of preaching the funeral sermon of his friend Brotherton. 
 He was the author of various pamphlets. Futher particulars of his life are 
 given in Williams's Ethics of Diet (Manchester, 1883), p. 260; Memoir of 
 William Metcalfe, by his son (Philadelphia, 1866). 
 
 Mr. Andrea Crestadoro, Ph.D., was appointed chief librarian of the Man- 
 chester Free Libraries on the resignation of Mr. R. W. Smiles, who had been 
 appointed in 1S58. 
 
 A Ladies' Relief Committee was formed by Mrs. Goadsby and others. 
 
 The unemployed operatives were drafted into schools, and set to teach 
 each other. 
 
 For particulars of the Cotton Famine and the relief of the distress caused 
 by it, see under date December 4, 1865. 
 
 1863. 
 
 Mr. George Frederick Mandley died at Exmouth, January 11. He was 
 born in London, March 19, 1809, and was intended for the legal profession. 
 When quite a lad he attracted the notice of Cobbett and became associated 
 with other Radicals, and the " Boy Orator " was not unknown as a speaker at 
 Blackhcath and other gatherings. His indentures were cancelled, and about 
 1S28 he established himself as a commission merchant and shipper in Man- 
 chester. He threw himself with great ardour into political life, and was a 
 valued ally of Mr. Brotherton in the Salford election contests. Having joined 
 the Socialists, he drew up the rules for the management of the Hall of Science 
 in Campfield. In 1834 he was High Chief Ranger of the Foresters, and drew up 
 a constitution for that important friendly society. He was in correspondence 
 with Robert Owen, Lord George Bentinck, and many well-known politicians, 
 and it is a matter of regret that by his express directions the bulk of the letters 
 received by him— and other MSS. — were destroyed. Mr. Bradshaw is believed 
 to have received from him the suggestion for the first railway guide. He was 
 an accomplished amateur actor, a theatrical critic, a lover of art, and a friend 
 of most of the local literary men of his time. From about 1810 to 1846 he was 
 superintendent of births, marriages, and deaths. His trade reports gave a new 
 development and importance to that class of documents. Many of his 
 communications to periodical literature were signed "Quintus Hortensius." 
 It is not possible now to identify his numerous anonymous pamphlets, but 
 T
 
 290 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1863 
 
 Tractarianism no Novelty; Popular Phrenology, 1862; and The Herald of 
 the Future, a periodical issued at Manchester in 1839, came from his pen. 
 
 Mr. Edward Loyd died at Croydon, January 30, aged 63. He was the 
 brother of Mr. Lewis Loyd, the banker, and presented several bronzes after the 
 antique to the Royal Institution. His son, Mr. Lewis Loyd, was high sheriff 
 of Surrey, 1863. (Baker's Memorials, p. 109.) 
 
 The George Griswold arrived in the Mersey, from New York, with a 
 cargo of provisions for the distressed operatives of Lancashire, February 9. 
 The vessel was received with a royal salute. 
 
 The Bank of Manchester Limited was broken open and about £1,000 stolen, 
 February 14. 
 
 The foundation stone of St. Michael's Church, Lavender Street, Hulme, 
 was laid, March 10, by Dr. Lee, Bishop of Manchester. The consecration of the 
 church took place May 14, 1864. The district was formed in 1860, when it was 
 placed under the care of the Rev. J. N. Pocklington. The church, rectory, and 
 schools were built by members of the Birley family. The architect was Mr. 
 Medland Taylor. 
 
 There were public rejoicings in Manchester and Salford in celebration of 
 the marriage of the Prince of Wales, March 10. 
 
 The Emigration Aid Society was established in April, and 1,000 operatives 
 from Lancashire left for New Zealand, April 30. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Kay died May 16, at Wimbledon Park, Surrey. He was born 
 in 1792, and was a solicitor in extensive practice, and having entered the City 
 Council he was Mayor of Manchester in 1843-44 and 1844-45. He took an active 
 interest in the charities of the town, and was the author of Address to the 
 Members of the Town Council of Manchester, 1845 ; pamphlets on Hulrne's 
 Charity, etc., 1845-55. 
 
 The annual Whitsuntide procession of the scholars of the Church of 
 England Sunday Schools was on May 25. The number of scholars in the 
 procession was 15,541. 
 
 A meeting was held in favour of Mr. Somes's Sunday Closing Bill, June 1: 
 
 An anti-slavery conference was held June 3. 
 
 Rev. Henry Crewe Boutflower died at West Felton, Salop, June 4. He was 
 born at Salford, October 25, 1796, and gained the Hulsean essay prize in 1817. 
 He left materials for a History of Bury. (Grammar School Register, vol. iii., 
 p. 3.) 
 
 A conference of representatives of Boards of Guardians was held in Man- 
 chester, to consider the Public Works Bill, June 19. 
 
 The state of trade in Manchester was thus stated on June 20 — Factory 
 operatives working 4,242, receiving relief 9,104; joiners working 196, receiving 
 relief 573 ; mechanics working 317, receiving relief 803 ; shopkeepers working 36, 
 receiving relief 108 ; colliers working 4, receiving relief 13 ; agricultural and 
 other outdoor labourers working 390, receiving relief 959 ; domestic servants 
 working 200, receiving relief 95; various other trades working 1,596, receiving 
 relief 3,523. Total 22,160. June 20. 
 
 Rev. Moncure D. Conway, B.D., gave his first public address in England at 
 the Free Trade Hall, June 21. The Southern sympathisers caused great 
 disturbance in the hall. He was the son of a Virginia slaveowner, and having
 
 1863] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 291 
 
 become an Abolitionist, came to this country to advocate the cause of the North. 
 He was afterwards for a number of years minister of South Place Chapel, 
 Finsbury. 
 
 26 and 27 Victoria. Act for enabling the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of 
 the town of Manchester to construct new works and acquire additional lands 
 in connection with their waterworks, to extend their limits of supply, tc 
 improve Piccadilly in Manchester, and for other purposes. June 22. 
 
 The foundation stone of the Masonic Hall, Cooper Street, was laid July 2G. 
 
 Mr. James H. Caldwell died September 11, aged 70. He was an actor and 
 theatrical manager in England and America, and made his debut (as a child) at 
 the Manchester Theatre. He settled in 1816 in America, where he died. His 
 granddaughter, Miss Mary G. Caldwell, in 1884, gave $300,000 to found a 
 Catholic University in America. 
 
 Mr. Edward Stephens, M.D., F.R.C.S., died September 14. He was born at 
 Manchester, 1804, and received his education at the Manchester [Grammar 
 School. He was the author of Introductory Address to the Students of the 
 Manchester Royal School of Medicine, 1845 ; &c. (Lancet, November 28, 1863 
 Manchester School Register, vol. iii., p. 155.) 
 
 The shock of an earthquake was felt in Manchester, October 6. 
 
 A public meeting was held in the Free Trade Hall to welcome the Rev. 
 Henry Ward Beecher, October 9. Mr. Beecher came to England to advocate 
 the cause of the American Union. His speeches, delivered whilst in this 
 country, were collected and published in a volume. 
 
 A review of the Manchester Volunteers was held in Heaton Park, Oct. 10. 
 
 A meeting of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts 
 was held in the Corn Exchange, October 12. The Dean of Manchester presided, 
 and the Bishop of Oxford, who had preached on behalf of the Society, on 
 Sunday, at the Catbedral, was the principal speaker. A crowded meeting was 
 held in the Free Trade Hall under the presidency of the Hon. Algernon 
 Egerton, M.P. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Free Trade Hall, to form an association for the 
 abolition of capital punishment, October 13. 
 
 The Church Congress was held in the Free Trade Hall, October 13, 14, and 
 15. The Bishop of Manchester was the president. 
 
 Mr. John Ashton Yates died at the Park, Prestwich, November 1. He was 
 born at Liverpool in 1782. He was the author of On the Distresses of the 
 Country, Liverpool, 1815; Colonial Slavery, 1827; Essays on Currency, 1827; 
 Present Dcf>rcssion of Trade, 1841. (Proceedings of Literary and Philo- 
 sophical Society of Liverpool, vol. xix., p. 4.) 
 
 The Liberation Society held its annual conference, November 18, at the 
 Free Trade Hall, under the presidency of Mr. James Sidebottom. In the 
 evening a public meeting was held, of which Mr. Hugh Mason was chairman. 
 
 Mr. James Bagot died November 20. He was a well-known street character, 
 and generally styled "Chelsea Buns." There is a notice of him in the Man- 
 chester Gruardian, May 21, 1872, and in Procter's liycgone Manchester. 
 
 A severe gale caused great damage in Manchester, December 3. 
 
 George Victor Townley, a resident of Hendham Vale, was found guilty, at 
 the Derby Assizes, of the murder of a young lady to whom he had been engaged
 
 1 
 
 292 Annals of Manchester. [isci 
 
 to be married, but who had broken off the engagment. The murder was 
 committed at Ingwell Grange, near Derby, December 12. He was afterwards 
 reprieved, on the plea of insanity, and committed suicide whilst in the asylum. 
 
 The Council of the United Kingdom Alliance adopted the draft of a 
 " Permissive Prohibitory Liquor Bill." (See under date March 22, 1864.) 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Temperance Union was formed. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Nicholson died at Woodhouse. He was born at Hunslet, near 
 Leeds, in 1805, and lived the greater part of his life in Manchester. He was 
 author of A Peal for the People, 1819 ; The Warehouse Boy of Manchester, 
 1852; The Thunderstorm, 1861; and other poems and sketches. (Procter's 
 Memorials of Byegone Manchester, p. 208.) 
 
 1864. 
 
 The Manchester City News, No. 1, Saturday, January 2, was published by 
 Charles Gowen Smith. 
 
 The amount of loan sanctioned by the Poor Law Board for the city of 
 Manchester for the several purposes, as provided for by the Public Works Act, 
 1S63-64— £25,000, January 11; £130,000, January 14. 
 
 The Education Akl Society was established in Manchester, February. Its 
 principal founder was Mr. Edward Brotherton. 
 
 A lire at Messrs. Roby and Harwood's caused damage estimated at £8,000. 
 
 March 4. 
 
 Stamp Collectors' Advertiser, No. 1, March 15, was published by C. and II. 
 
 Gloyn, Acomb House; printed by A. I. Jones, Cavendish Street, afterwards by 
 
 A. Ireland & Co., Pall Mall. Its existence was a very short one. 
 
 The Permissive Bill of the United Kingdom Alliance was introduced in the 
 House of Commons by Wilfrid Lawson and Thomas Bazley, March 22. 
 
 Alderman William Neild died suddenly in one of the committee rooms of 
 the Town Hall, April 4. He was born near Bowdon, in 1789, and having married 
 a daughter of the founder, became a partner in the firm of Messrs. Thomas 
 Hoyle and Sons, calico printers. He was one of the foremost of those who 
 obtained for Manchester its civic charter, and was one of the first aldermen 
 appointed. He was interested in education, and was chairman of the trustees 
 of the Owens College. He is buried in Bowdon Churchyard. 
 
 A Reform conference, under the presidency of Mr. George Wilson, was 
 held in Manchester, April 10. 
 
 The Albert Memorial Church, Queen's Road, Miles Platting, was conse- 
 crated April 25. The architect was Mr. J. Lowe. The sittings number 665. The 
 cost was £4,400. 
 
 Mr. John Shuttleworth died April 26. He was born at Strangeways in 17SS 
 and for many years was a leader amongst the advanced reformers of the town. 
 He was one of the first aldermen elected, but retired in 1860. He held the 
 office of distributor of stamps. He was an effective speaker and writer. His 
 last public appearance was when reading a paper at the British Association, in 
 1861, on the Manchester Gasworks. 
 
 Mr. James Kershaw, M.P., died at his residence, Manor House, Streatham, 
 April 27. He was born in Manchester in 1795, and was the head of the firm of
 
 1864] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 293 
 
 Messrs. Kershaw, Sidebottom, and Berry. He was a member of the Corporation, 
 t*nd in 1847 was elected M.P. for Stockport, which he represented until his 
 death. He was an office-holder in Dr. Halley's Independent Church ; and in 
 Parliament, as a silent member, gave his support to the Liberal party. 
 (Gentleman's Magazine, June, 1884, p. 809.) 
 
 The Consecration of St. Michael's Church, Hulme, took place May 14. 
 (See under date March 10, 1863.) 
 
 The annual Whitsuntide procession of the children of the Church of 
 England Sunday Schools was held May 16. The number of scholars was about 
 13,883. 
 
 The foundation stone of the Memorial Hall, Albert Square, was laid by Mr. 
 Alderman Mackie, June 15. 
 
 There was a strike of workmen engaged in building the new County Prison, 
 Strangeways, in June. 
 
 The first Assizes for the hundred of Salford were held in the Assize Courts, 
 Manchester, July 25. 
 
 The corner stone of the new tower to the Cathedral was laid by Bishop Lee, 
 August 4. 
 
 Mr. George Darling died August 4. He was for nineteen years super- 
 intendent of the Rusholme Boad Sunday School, where a tablet has been 
 placed to his memory. He is buried in Ardwick Cemetery. (Griffith's 
 Memories of the Past, p. 228.) 
 
 Lord Stanley presided at the annual dinner of the Warehousemen and 
 Clerks' Association, at the Queen's Hotel, October 31. 
 
 Mr. John Heywood died October 7. He was born in 1804, and was a brother 
 of Alderman Abel Heywood. He was the founder of a large bookselling, 
 printing, and publishing business. He was elected a member of the City 
 Council in March, 1860, but was defeated in November, 1861. He was chairman 
 (it the Chorlton Guardians. 
 
 The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, Chancellor of the Exchequer, visited 
 Manchester, October 14, and distributed the prizes gained at Oxford Local 
 . liddle-class Examinations. 
 
 Bev. Richard Bassnett, M.A., incumbent of Gorton, died, October 20. He 
 was born at Manchester in 1799, and wrote Reflections on Liturgical Reforms, 
 1S33. {Grammar School Register, vol. iii., p. 49.) 
 
 The statue of the late Prince Consort, by Matthew Noble, was inaugurated 
 in Peel Park, Salford, November 7. 
 
 Alderman John Marsland Bennett, who was elected Mayor of Mancln 
 November 9, was on the same day elected Mayor of Ardwick. By custom a 
 mayor is appointed for the manors of Upper and Lower Ardwick. The manor 
 was purchased by Alderman Bennett, in 1869. 
 
 Mr. James Heywood Markland, D.C.L., F.R.S., died at Bath, December 28. 
 He was born in Manchester, December 7, 17S8. This distinguished antiquary 
 was the author of Chester Mysteries, 181S; Remarks on English Churclics, 
 Third edition, 1813; Prayers and Life of Bishop Ken; and other works and 
 papers, chiefly on archaeology and ecclcsiology. (Gentleman's Magazine, 
 vol. xviii, 1865, p. 619.) 
 
 The house at Crumpsall, known as "Oldham's tenement," and believed to
 
 294 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1865 
 
 be the birthplace of Bishop Oldham, was demolished. A description with 
 photographs was privately printed, by Mr. (afterwards Sir) Thomas Baker. 
 
 The Manchester Cotton Company Limited was wonnd up, and the plant in 
 India sold. 
 
 The Wholesale Co-Operative Society was established. 
 
 The Hunt's Bank Bridge was built. It is constructed of iron and is of one 
 span. 
 
 The Prince's Theatre, Oxford Street, was built. The property belonged to 
 a joint-stock company. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Mr. Richard Buxton died January 2. He was born at Prestwich, January 
 15, 1786, and was one of the most remarkable of the local self-taught botanists. 
 ile wrote a Guide to Flowering Plants near Manchester, 1849, of which a 
 second edition appeared in 1859. Prefixed to it is an autobiographical sketch of 
 great interest. 
 
 A great Reform meeting was held in the Free Trade Hall, February 1. Mr. 
 George Wilson presided. 
 
 Three thousand pounds worth of jewellery was stolen from Mr. Howard's 
 shop in Market Street, February 4. 
 
 Mr. John Cheetham was elected M.P. for Salford, February 13, in place of 
 Mr. Massey, who had resigned. Mr. Massey was born in 1809, and first entered 
 Parliament in 1852 as M.P. for Newport, Isle of Wight. After resigning his 
 seat for Salford, he went to India as Finance Minister, but returned in 1S6S, 
 and in 1872 became M.P. for Tiverton, a borough which he represented until 
 his death, which occured in London, October 25, 1881. He wrote a History of 
 England during the Reign of George III, 4 vols., London, 1855-63. 
 
 The Art Workmen's Exhibition was opened at the Royal Institution, 
 February 20. Lord Houghton gave an address. 
 
 Mr. John Cassell died at London, April 2. He was born at Manchester, 
 January 23, 1817. He was one of the pioneers of temperance, as well as the 
 founder of one of the greatest publishing firms in the United Kingdom. His 
 early circumstances were so humble that his parents were too poor to give him 
 anything beyond the most rudimentary school education, but, like many other 
 Manchester worthies, he triumphed over circumstances. As a carpenter's 
 apprentice, he saw much of the evil effects of drinking among his fellow-work- 
 men; and after hearing one of the Preston advocates of temperance, Mr. 
 Thomas Swindlehurst, he signed the pledge, which proved a stepping-stone 
 to fame and fortune. Shortly afterwards, in 1835, Mr. Joseph Livesey visited 
 Manchester, and, in his Autobiography, thus describes John Cassell: "I 
 remember him well, when lecturing in Mr. Beardsall's Chapel, Oak Street, 
 standing on the right just below, or on the steps, of the platform, in his 
 working attire, with a fustian jacket and a white apron on. He was then an 
 apprentice, and, without serving his time, he left Manchester, a raw, unculti- 
 vated youth." He left it in search of work, and eventually found his way to 
 London. Here his earnestness as a speaker on the temperance platform 
 secured him an engagement. He travelled for a number of years, chiefly 
 through the southern counties, and was known as "the Manchester carpenter."
 
 1865] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 29 ! 
 
 Among his converts were the Rev. Charles Garrett and Mr. T. H. Barker, 
 secretary of the United Kingdom Alliance. At the time Mr. Garrett heard him 
 (1840) he is described [as "long, thin, and cadaverous," but he appears to have 
 been a most effective lecturer. His connection with the temperance movement 
 laid the foundation for the establishment of an extensive business in tea and 
 coffee ; and the immense packet tea trade owes its first development to John 
 Cassell. This business proving unprofitable, he confined his attention to the 
 issue of cheap literature. He was introduced by Lord Brougham to the 
 members of the Social Science Congress, at Bradford, "as one whose services 
 to the cause of popular education entitled him to a place in the front rank of 
 English philanthropists." John Cassell had an ambition to represent the 
 people's cause in Parliament, but his mind was so burdened with the cares 
 of his gigantic business that he had never had time for work other than 
 temperance. In addition to his public advocacy, he published periodicals for 
 the promotion of temperance. No biography of Mr. Cassell has yet appeared. 
 
 Mr. Richard Cobden died April 2. He was born at Dunford, Midhurst, in 
 1804, but having entered a commercial career became a Manchester manu- 
 facturer. He took an active share in local work, and was appointed alderman 
 on the formation of the Corporation. His chief mission was the repeal of the 
 Corn Laws and the establishment of the principles of Free Trade. He was the 
 central figure of the Anti-Corn Law League, and his speeches had greater 
 effect than those of any one else, as Sir Robert Peel acknowledged, in 
 convincing that statesman and the nation of the necessity of the change. Mr. 
 Cobden was in Parliament from 1841 to 1857, when, like many other Liberals, he 
 was defeated. He was, however, elected for Rochdale in 1859, and, after 
 declining a seat in the Cabinet offered him by Lord Palmerston, he negotiated 
 the commercial treaty with France in 1SC0. .His Political Writings have been 
 collected. There is an excellent Life of Cobden, by John Morley, and various 
 other biographical sketches have appeared of the great apostle of Free Trade. 
 After the repeal of the Corn Laws, a national testimonial amounting to over 
 £t30,000 was presented to Cobden. 
 
 The Princess Imperial of Brazil and her husband visited Manchester, April 4. 
 A meeting was held in the Town Hall, April 18, for the purpose of 
 founding a Cobden memorial. 
 
 The Cathedral was broken into and the mace and contents of three poor 
 boxes stolen. May 1. 
 
 The fall of the Gaythorn Mill caused the death of three men, May 4. 
 A National Reform Conference was held in the Free Trade Hall, May 15, 
 Mr. George Wilson in the chair. 
 
 The annual procession of the scholars of the Church of England Sunday 
 Schools was held June 5. The scholars numbered 12,071. 
 
 28 Victoria, cap. 90. Act for enabling the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of 
 the city of Manchester to construct new streets, enlarge markets, improve the 
 channel of the river Medlock, and to effect further improvements in the said 
 city, and for other purposes. June 19. 
 
 28 and 29 Victoria, cap. 145. Act for enabling the mayor, aldermen, and 
 citizen of the city of Manchester to construct new works in connection with 
 their waterworks, and for other purposes. June 29.
 
 296 Annals of Manchester. [1865 
 
 Mr. John Cheetham was re-elected M.P. for Salford, without opposition, 
 July 12. 
 
 At the general election, July 13, Mr. Bazley and Mr. Jacob Bright were the 
 accepted Liberal candidates, but Mr. Edward James, Q.C., appeared as an 
 independent Liberal and Mr. Abel Heywood as an advanced Liberal. Mr. 
 Bazley and Mr. James were elected. At the close of the poll the figures stood 
 as follows : Bazley, 7,909 ; James, 6,698 ; Bright, 5,562 ; Heywood, 4,242. 
 
 The shop of Mr. McFerran, jeweller, was broken into July 18, and valuables 
 to the amount of £13,000 stolen. 
 
 Rev. William Birley, M.A., died at Salford, July. He was born February 
 16, 1813, and was curate of Singleton, and afterwards incumbent of Chorlton- 
 cum-Hardy, and rector of St. Stephen's, Salford. He wrote a Letter on Man- 
 Chester and Salford Education Bill, 1S51. 
 
 St. Luke's Church, Weaste, was consecrated by Bishop Lee, August 5. 
 Mr. G. G. Scott was the architect, and the cost of erection was £6,500. 
 
 Sir Benjamin Heywood, Bart., F.R.S., died August 11, aged 71. He was 
 the founder of the Manchester Mechanics' Institution. In 1831 he was elected 
 M.P. for the county of Lancaster, and was created a baronet in 1838. There is 
 a portrait of him, by William Bradley, in the Mechanics' Institution. (Baker's 
 Memorials, p. 115.) 
 
 The Rev. Hugh Stowell, M.A., rector of Christ Church, Salford, and Canon 
 of Manchester, died October 8, in the 68th year of his age. Mr. Stowell was 
 born in 1799, at the Parsonage, Douglas, Isle of Man. He married, in 1828, the 
 eldest daughter of Mr. Richard Ashworth, barrister, of Pendleton, by whom 
 he had a family of three sons and six daughters. He was one of the most 
 prominent leaders of the Evangelical party in England. He was the author of 
 Pleasures of Religion, and other Poems, 1832, and various sermons and 
 pamphlets. There is a Life of Stowell by J. B. Marsden. He is buried at 
 Christ Church, Salford. 
 
 Sir Sydney Cotton presented new colours to the regiment of the Scots 
 Greys, stationed at Hulme Barracks, October 10. 
 
 The Queen of the Sandwich Islands visited Manchester, October 27. 
 
 The Manchester Committee for the Shakspere Tercentenary founded a 
 scholarship of £40 in the Owens College, and two scholarships of £20 in the 
 Free Grammar School, November 8. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell died November 13. Her maiden name 
 was Stevenson. She became the wife of the Rev. William Gaskell, M.A., the 
 minister of Cross Street Chapel. In 1848, by the publishing of Mary Barton, 
 she acquired a sure place as a writer of English fiction. Her other writings 
 include North and South, Cranford, Lizzie Leigh, and Wives and Daughters. 
 She also wrote the Life of Charlotte Bronte, and some statements in the first 
 edition led to its withdrawal amid considerable controversy. Mrs. Gaskell's 
 home in Manchester was visited by numerous celebrities ; and she gave her aid 
 and influence to many good works. She is buried at Knutsford Presbyterian 
 Chapel. 
 
 Mr. Felix John Vaughan Seddon died at Moorshedabad, November 25. He 
 was born at Pendleton in 179S, and became professor of Oriental languages at 
 King's College, London. He was the author of An Address on the Languages
 
 1865] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 297 
 
 and Literature of Asia, 1835, and various Oriental works. (Manchester 
 School Register, vol. ii., p. 244.) 
 
 The final meeting of the Council of the Cotton Relief Fund was held 
 December 4, under the presidency of the Earl of Derby, who not only sub- 
 scribed £5,000 but gave his valuable time and influence to the work of 
 the Relief Fund. The black days of the cotton famine will not readily 
 be forgotten, though less of the distress was visible in Manchester than 
 in the smaller towns. The war of the secession made it evident that 
 the supply of the raw material for the staple industry of Lancashire 
 would be precarious, but few anticipated the long continuance of the 
 struggle, and the consequent sufferings of the unemployed. When Mr. 
 Thomas Goadsby, as Mayor of Manchester, convened a meeting in the Town 
 Hall, April 29, 1862, the situation was so little understood that it was decided 
 not to take any action. Another meeting was called within a month, and 
 adjourned for a week. In the interval a committee was formed with Mr. John 
 William Maclure as its honorary secretary. Ten Manchester gentlemen gave 
 £100 each, and the Rev. E. Walker, then incumbent of Cheltenham, but 
 formerly of St. Jude's, Manchester, had collected £384, in his church, for relief 
 purposes. On July IS), 18G2, a meeting was held at Bridgewater House, London, 
 of noblemen and members of Parliament connected with Lancashire, and a 
 committee formed, which eventually collected £52,000. The Manchester 
 Executive was enlarged, and the Bridgewater House committee and also the 
 Liverpool committee sent their funds to it. The meetings of the general 
 committee were now little more than formal, but at one of them, November 3, 
 1862, Mr. Richard Cobden, M.P., spoke, and with a prophetic instinct urged the 
 executive to bolder action, declaring that whilst the subscriptions had then 
 only reached £80,000, a million would be needed to carry the operatives through 
 the crisis. He therefore urged that an active canvass for subscriptions should 
 be undertaken. This advice was adopted at a later date. The county meeting 
 was summoned by the Earl of Sefton for December 2, and was a great and 
 influential gathering. About £70,000 were promised at this meeting. In order 
 to obviate difficulties as to "labour test," Mr. Thomas Evans— one of a work- 
 men's deputation to the Manchester Guardians— suggested an education test, 
 and this led ultimately to the establishment of the adult elementary schools 
 throughout the district. In these schools might be three generations of the 
 same family engaged in a common attempt to master the difficulties of the 
 alphabet. To these were added sewing schools for the girls. The report of t lie 
 Executive Committee, adopted at the final meeting, contained the following 
 paragraph: "At the meeting of the general committee in March last, a hope 
 was expressed that it might be possible, during the summer months, on irely 
 to discontinue the distribution of relief through the local committees. This 
 anticipation, the central executive committee is happy to state, lias been fully 
 realised, and since June 19 last no grants have been made to any district. Your 
 committee trusts that it will not be necessary to resume the distribution of 
 relief; but in the still exceptional state of the cotton trade, it is thought more 
 prudent to defer the consideration of the disposal of the balance remaining in 
 the treasurer's hands. Ii is with no little satisfaction that your committee 
 contemplates the extraordinary crisis which has been passed through since
 
 298 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1865 
 
 1862. There has actually been a diminution of crime under circumstances 
 when, from compulsory idleness and poverty, an increase might have been 
 expected. Notwithstanding the gloomy forebodings of those who, in the early 
 part of the distress, expressed their opinion that the distribution of relief 
 through exceptional channels would tend to a permanent increase of 
 pauperism in the district, returns from twenty-eight unions prove that the 
 pauperism of the cotton district has been reduced to the ordinary level. As 
 the last week in November, 1862, was the time when almost the largest 
 number of persons were in receipt of relief, returns have been obtained from 
 the guardians for the corresponding week in November, 1865; and the 
 following figures show the numbers relieved by them at that time in 1861 and 
 1S65, and by the guardians and relief committees in 1862, 1863, and 1864 : 
 
 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1S65. 
 
 Ashton-under-Lyne . 1,827 ... 56,363 ... 23,568 ... 20,638 ... 1,417 
 
 Barton-on-Irwell 663 ... 3,910 ... 1,230 ... 1,220 ... 896 
 
 Blackburn 4,110 ... 38,104 ... 9,457 ... 10,012 ... 4,0S3 
 
 Bolton 3,200 ... 19,525 ... 8,013 ... 6,543 ... 3,166 
 
 Burnley 1,503 ... 17,502 ... 13,046 ... 16,948 ... 1,557 
 
 Bury 1,782 ... 29,926 ... 10,048 ... 15,113 ... 2,932 
 
 Chorley 1,350 ... 7,527 ... 3,409 ... 2,471 ... 1,155 
 
 Chorlton 2,042 ... 15,367 ... 9,984 ... 5,694 ... 3,993 
 
 Clitheroe 624 ... 1,379 ... 976 ... 1,138 ... 547 
 
 Fylde(The) 633 ... 1,282 ... 1,086 ... 771 ... 699 
 
 Garstang 567 ... 1,026 ... 696 ... 807 ... 45S 
 
 Glossop 221 ... 7,605 ... 6,752 ... 3,263 ... 195 
 
 Haslingden 946 ... 17,346 ... 3,340 ... 7,108 ... 1,243 
 
 Lancaster 903 ... 1,129 ... 1,025 ... 901 ... 7S9 
 
 Leigh 636 ... 2,722 ... 1,091 ... 901 ... 806 
 
 Macclesfield 2,158 ... 5,609 ... 2,775 ... 2,429 ... 2,310 
 
 Manchester 4,678 ... 52,477 ... 13,818 ... 9,035 ... 5,046 
 
 Oldham 1,622 ... 28,851 ... 8,371 ... 9,164 ... 1,892 
 
 Preston 4,S05 ... 49,171 ... 17,489 ... 13,226 ... 2,377 
 
 Prestwich 601 ... 4,794 ... 1,958 ... 1,078 ... 593 
 
 Rochdale 2,060 ... 24,961 ... 8,132 ... 6,243 ... 1,789 
 
 Saddleworth 237 ... 2,414 ... 1,287 ... 988 ... 261 
 
 Salford 2,507 ... 16,663 ... 5,600 ... 3,600 ... 2,265 
 
 Skipton 1,902 ... 2,635 ... 1,856 ... 2,030 ... 1,354 
 
 Stockport 1,674 ... 34,612 ... 10,661 ... 8,593 ... 1,189 
 
 Todmorden 795 ... 7,590 ... 1,689 ... 2,696 ... 66S 
 
 Warrington 1,131 ... 1,992 ... 1,416 ... 1,458 ... 1,220 
 
 Wigan 2,360 ... 14,959 ... 11,527 ... 5,S55 ... 3,538 
 
 Total 47,537 '..'. 458,441 '.'.'. 170,268 '.'.'. 149,923 '.'.'. 48,267 
 
 Your committee cannot refrain from expressing at this opportunity its highest 
 sense of the credit due to the local committees for the result it is now able to 
 record ; the self-denial, energy, and judgment which these bodies have brought 
 to bear upon their labours cannot be over-estimated." The table on page 299 
 shows the progress of the work of relief.
 
 1865] Annals of Manchester. 299 
 
 Numbers Out of Work, Numbers Rclieve'd, and Proiiortions of Persons 
 Believed to those entirely Out of Work. 
 1S62. Out of Work. Relieved. 
 
 June 129,77-1 
 
 July 153,774 — 
 
 August 216,437 
 
 September 277,198 
 
 October 371,496 
 
 November 244,616 458,441 1S7 per cent. 
 
 December 247,230 485,434 196 
 
 1S63. 
 
 January 228,992 451,343 197 
 
 February 239,751 432,477 180 
 
 March 240,466 420,243 174 
 
 April 215,522 362,076 168 
 
 May 191,199 289,975 151 „ 
 
 June 168,038 255,578 152 
 
 July 178,205 213,444 129 
 
 August 171,535 204,6 3 119 
 
 September 160,835 184,136 114 „ 
 
 October 154,219 167,678 10S „ 
 
 November 159,117 170,268 107 „ 
 
 December 149,038 180,298 120 „ 
 
 1SG4. 
 
 January 15S,653 202,785 127 „ 
 
 February 153,804 203,168 132 „ 
 
 March 148,920 180,027 120 
 
 April 124,828 147,2S0 117 
 
 May 116,550 116,088 99 „ 
 
 June 105,161 100,071 95 
 
 July 101,508 85,910 84 
 
 August 102,090 83,063 81 
 
 September 135,821 92,379 68 „ 
 
 October 171,568 136,26S 78 
 
 November 153,295 149,923 97 
 
 December 126,977 130,397 102 
 
 1865. 
 
 January 114,488 119,544 104 
 
 February 115,727 125,885 108 
 
 March 113,791 111,008 97 
 
 April 104,571 95,703 91 
 
 May 80,001 75,784 SS 
 
 The following excellent summary is quoted from Dr. Watts : "The books of the 
 Central Executive show thirty-nine thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight 
 
 separate entries of subscriptions up to the end of December, 1864, convoyed in 
 eighty-six thousand seven hundred and sixty-four letters, which letters, in 
 December, 1S62, and January, 1863, came to hand at the rate of eight hundred per 
 day. The letters despatched up to the end of December, 1SG1. were one bundled
 
 300 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1865 
 
 and fifty-five thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, besides five hundred and 
 eighty-two printed documents, which numbered one hundred and sixty-five 
 thousand seven hundred and twenty-four copies. The total sum dealt with in 
 the balance sheet of December 31, 1864, is £931,398 Is., of which amount 
 £13,510 7s. is set forth as " promised but not collectable." In some instances 
 the donors have themselves, after partial payment, fallen victims to the crisis; 
 in others, payment is probably refused upon the plea that money is not needed; 
 and we hope that the men whose conscience will allow them to enjoy the 
 reputation of having given, whilst the money is still in their own purses, are 
 very few indeed. The total sum distributed in relief by the central executive 
 through the various committees was £841,809. To this the Mansion House 
 committee added £419,692, besides sending £53,531 to committees in Ashton- 
 under-Lyne district, which were not recognised by the central executive ; and 
 the various committees themselves made local collections amounting to£297,008, 
 and received direct from other sources £49,659. To the amount of local sub- 
 scriptions is to be added about £80,000 collected in Manchester, and paid direct 
 by the collecting committee into the funds of the general committee. Thus the 
 total sum of money distributed by committees was £1,661,679, in addition to 
 which there passed, in food and clothing, through the hands of the central 
 executive, sixteen thousand five hundred barrels of flour, nine hundred and 
 ninet* -seven barrels of beef, bacon, &c, five hundred barrels of biscuits, four 
 hundred and ten cases of fish, two hundred and twenty-eight sacks of potatoes, 
 carrots, turnips, &c, two hundred and twenty-five deer, with many hundreds 
 of pheasants, hares, rabbits, &c, twenty eight chests of tea, two and a half 
 pipes and one hundred and eight dozen of wine, eleven thousand five hundred 
 and nineteen tons of coal, and eight hundred and ninety-three bales of clothing, 
 blankets, and clothing materials. The whole of these contributions in kind 
 were valued at £111,968, making the total amount of public subscriptions 
 £1,773,647. Large contributions of clothing and materials for clothing passed 
 also through the Mansion House committee, but of the value of these no 
 accurate estimate seems to have been made. The balance sheet of the central 
 executive to December 31, 1S64, shows the receipt of twenty-five thousand nine 
 hundred and ninety-nine separate individual donations, amounting to £242,865 
 12s. 8d. ; collections at three thousand and ninety-three churches and chapels, 
 £53,265 6s. 9d.; collections from five thousand four hundred and three parishes, 
 £65,517 8s. 2d.; collections amongst the workpeople of one thousand four 
 hundred and eighty-four firms, £15,715 0s. 4d. Collecting committees were 
 organised in one thousand two hundred and forty-one places in connection 
 with the central committee in Manchester, exclusive of the committees in 
 connection with the Mansion House fund; and the exertions of those who 
 remitted to Manchester resulted in the sum of £497,782 15s. Id. So that, 
 deducting from the individual donations the above-named £80,000 paid in by 
 the Manchester collecting committee, we find that about three-fifths of the 
 fund resulted from regular organisation and sustained effort, one-sixth from 
 spontaneous individual benevolence, one-seventh from collections in places of 
 worship, and about one-sixtieth from the working people employed by various 
 firms. Looking to the localities from which the subscriptions cime, we find 
 every quarter of the globe represented, illustrating at once the immense field
 
 1866] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 301 
 
 covered by the Anglo-Saxon race, and how impossible it is for either space or 
 time to separate man from home sympathies or home interests." Much fear 
 and some anger was expressed by the newspapers from time to time that 
 Lancashire was not doing its duty. The returns of the honorary secretary, 
 compared with the balance sheet, show that the collections by local committees, 
 including the Manchester collecting committee, were equal to forty-one per 
 cent of the whole central fund, and to twenty-four per cent of the total sum, 
 including the amount distributed by the Mansion House committee. The 
 reader will form his own conclusions as to whether a district containing about 
 ten per cent of the population of England and Wales, whilst suffering under 
 such a paralysis as the cotton famine, which destroyed one-half of its principal 
 industry and inflicted a large extra burden of poor-rates, did its duty by finding 
 twenty-four per cent of the relief fund, in addition to the immense amount 
 wbich is known to have been distributed in private charity, but which cannot 
 be reduced into statistical shape. During the continuance of the cotton famine 
 the death rate actually decreased. The good conduct of the operatives was the 
 theme of general praise, and was only broken by the riots at Stalybridge, due 
 largely to injudicious treatment of a local committee. This outbreak, on March 
 19, was not quelled until the arrival of a company of Hussars from Manchester. 
 The disturbances were renewed on March 21 and spread to Ashton, where it was 
 promptly suppressed by the authorities. The Public Works Act was passed in 
 L862, and about £1,000,000 was expended under it in the cotton district. At the 
 tinal meeting of the general committee thanks were voted to Lord Derby, the 
 president, to Sir J. P. Kay-Shuttleworth, and to Mr. J. W. Maclure, the 
 honorary secretary of the fund ; and it was decided to present a handsome 
 testimonial to Mr. Maclure. The principal sources of information respecting 
 the distress in Lancashire are The Facts of the Cotton Famine, by Dr. John 
 Watts, 1860; Home Life of the Lancashire Factory Folk in the Cotton Famine, 
 by Edwin Waugh, 18G7 ; History of the Cotton Famine, by Arthur Arnold, 
 1864; and the official publications of the Relief Fund. 
 St. Mark's Church, Gorton, was built. 
 
 1866. 
 
 The Memorial Hall, Albert Square, was opened January 18, in commemora- 
 tion of the two thousand Nonconformist Ministers ejected from the Church of 
 England in llii ;_'. 
 
 A great meeting was held in the Free Trade Hall, January 30, under the 
 auspices of the National Reform Union. Mr. George Wilson presided. 
 
 The Union and Emancipation Society was dissolved and the final soiree 
 li Id at the Town Hall, January 22. Mr. T. B. Potter, M.P., presided, and 
 Professor Goldwin Smith gave an address on the Civil War in America. 
 
 A portion of the roof of the London Road Station fell, January 22, killing 
 two men and wounding several others. 
 
 Mr. John Gray Bell died, February 16. He was born in 1823, and, after 
 some experience as bookseller and publisher in London, settled in Manchester. 
 The early numbers of his second-hand book catalogue, styled TheBibliographer's 
 Manual, contain literary notes. He also compiled a Genealogical Account oj 
 t.'ie Desa inln nts of John of Gaunt, of whom he was one.
 
 302 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 1866 
 
 Mr. Thomas Goadsby died February 16. He was mayor of Mancnester in 
 1361-2. 
 
 The second Art Workmen's Exhibition was opened February 26. 
 
 Mr. Robert Buchanan died at Bexhell, Sussex, March 4. He was born at 
 Ayr, in 1813, but for some years was a prominent Socialist lecturer in Man- 
 chester, where most of his writings were published, and where he was prose- 
 cuted for the Sunday meetings at the Hall of Science. He was the father of 
 Mr. Robert Buchanan, the poet and novelist. There is a notice of him in the 
 Dictionary of National Biograx>hy. 
 
 At a meeting of the committee of the Cobden Memorial Fund, March 5, it 
 was decided to erect a statue to his memory. 
 
 Mr. Edward Brotherton died March 23. He was born in 1814, and in early 
 e was engaged in the silk trade, but forseeing that the commercial treaty 
 with France was likely to bring to an end the prosperity of his business, he 
 retired with a competence, which, however moderate according to modern 
 ideas, was adequate to his simplicity of life. After a year of Continental 
 travel, he devoted himself to the work of popular education. He saw that 
 the existing agencies for the instruction of the children of the poor were quite 
 unequal to the task. The letters of E. B. in the Manchester newspapers 
 excited great attention, and led to the formation of the Education Aid Society, 
 which gave aid to all parents too poor to pay for the education of their children. 
 The experiment of what the voluntary system can do was tried in a way and 
 to an extent not previously attempted, and the result was to find that such 
 was the apathy and indifference of a large proportion of the parents, that 
 nothing but compulsion in one form or other could briug their children within 
 the reach of education. It was this demonstration, which Mr. H. A. Bruce, 
 afterwards Lord Aberdare, called the "thunder-clap from Manchester," that 
 paved the way for the Education Act of 1870. Brotherton's zeal and devotion 
 to the cause was unbounded. He had patience, a winning grace of manner, a 
 candour only too rare in controversy, and an unselfish devotion to the public 
 good. In the course of his visitations amongst the poor he caught a fever, of 
 which he died after a few days' illness, at Cornbrook, and was buried at the 
 Wesley an Cemetery, Cheetham Hill. There is a portrait of him in the Man- 
 chester Town Hall. Besides many contributions to periodicals, he wrote 
 Mormonism Exposed, 1846 ; Spiritualism, Sivedenborg, and the New Church, 
 London, 1860. (This pamphlet has reference to the claims of the Rev. Thomas 
 Lake Harris to a seer ship similar to that of Swedenborg— claims which were 
 vehemently denied by many members of the "New Church signified by the New 
 Jerusalem in the Revelation," as the Swedenborgian congregations are officially 
 styled. Brotherton prints a letter from Dr. J. J. Garth Wilkinson as to 
 identity of the phenomena of respiration in Swedenborg and Harris. From 
 this it will be seen that Brotherton was a disciple of Swedenborg, with a 
 tendency to belief in spiritualistic phenomena.) The Present State of Pojiular 
 Education in Manchester and Scdford, 1864. This is the substance of seven 
 letters by E. B., reprinted from the Manchester Guardian, January 1, 1864. 
 
 Mr. Charles Dickens gave readings at the Free Trade Hall, April 12. So 
 spontaneous was the enthusiasm of the Manchester audience, that, accustomed 
 as Mr. Dickens was to the most genial, hearty, and vociferous greetings, this
 
 1866] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 303 
 
 affected him deeply — indeed, he was always so susceptible to a popular tribute 
 of this kind that it took him some moments to recover himself sufficiently 
 either to commence or continue the reading. (Dolby's Charles Dickens as I 
 Knew Him, page 16.) 
 
 29 Victoria, cap. 1. Act to enable the proprietors of the Manchester Royal 
 Exchange to pull down and rebuild the same, and for other purposes with 
 respect to the said Exchange. April 23. 
 
 The first annual meeting of the Manchester Volunteers Aid Society was 
 held April 25. The object was to assist in paying the expenses of the volunteers. 
 
 Rev. Cecil Daniel Wray, M.A., Canon of Manchester, died April 27. He 
 was born in 1778, and was the author of The Street Politicians, 1817, and of 
 other tracts and sermons. {Manchester School Register, vol. iii., page 93.) 
 
 Mr. John Bright addressed a meeting of the National Reform Union, in 
 the Free Trade Hall, May 1. 
 
 Mr. John Critchley Prince died at Hyde, May 5. He was born at Wigan, 
 June 21, 1808, where his father was a reedmaker. A collected edition of his 
 poetical works appeared in 1882 under the editorial care of Dr. G. A. Douglas 
 Lithgow, who has also written an excellent biography. Prince's intemperate 
 habits was a chief cause of the misery of his very unhappy life. It may be 
 doubted if his reputation as a poet will endure, but his verses have had great 
 popularity, and from their healthy tone have had an exceedingly beneficial 
 influence. He was resident in Manchester during a portion of his career. 
 (Axon's Cheshire Gleanings.) Dr. Lithgow's edition of the Poems contains a 
 very full account of Prince's life in Manchester, and of the condition of local 
 literature. Mr. Procter's Literary Reminiscences also include a sketch of the 
 "Bard of Hyde." Prince is buried in St. George's Church, Hyde. 
 
 29 and 30 Victoria. Act for enabling the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of 
 the city of Manchester to erect a Town Hall, Police Court, and other buildings, 
 to acquire additional lands, and for other purposes. May 18. 
 
 The annual Whitsuntide procession of the Church of England Sunday 
 schools was held May 21. The scholars numbered 12,342. 
 
 By an extensive fire at the warehouses of the London and North West era 
 Railway Company, near Ordsal Lane, damage estimated at from £200,000 to 
 £300,000 was done. May 23. 
 
 The Stamp Office, Cross Street, was broken into and about £10,000 worth of 
 stamps stolen. May 28. 
 
 At the year ending June there were 337 carriages plying from the stands 
 
 within the city ; 518 drivers were licensed ; 758 art [cles found in the cabs were 
 
 n by tlie drivers to the Town Hall ; of these 397 were restored to owners. 
 
 .*:_' I was given to drivers for delivering up the articles. There were 22 stands 
 
 in the township, and 74 licensed proprietors. 
 
 The Huline Free Library, Stretford Road, was opened June 15. 
 
 The extent of sewerage constructed in Manchester up to June 24, 1866, was, 
 main sewers, 95 miles 476 yards ; cross sewers and eyes, 147 miles l.ni.s yards. 
 Total area of streets paved and sewered, 1,009,673 yards, at a cost of £326,397. 
 
 A large and commodious swimming bath was opened at the Mayfield Baths, 
 July 2. The dimensions were 75 feet in length by 37 in width, and varying in 
 depth from 4 to 6 feet.
 
 304 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1866 
 
 An amateur dramatic performance was given at the Athenaeum, in aid of 
 the Critchley Prince Fund, July 5. 
 
 At the meeting of the Board of Guardians a report was read from Mr. 
 Robert Rawlinson, C.B., in which he advised the Board in respect to the 
 arrangements for a new fever hospital at Crumpsall, and the preparations to 
 meet a possible visitation of cholera. Appended to one report was an interest- 
 ing extract from an unpublished MS. of Robert Southey. July 5. 
 
 Thirty-second annual conference in connection with the British Temper- 
 ance League, in the Friends' Meeting House, Mount Street, July 8, 10, 11. It 
 was presided over by Mr. Joseph Thorpe. 
 
 The Manchester Artillery Volunteers were inspected at Old Trafford, by 
 Colonel Cox, July 14. 
 
 The directors of the Alexandra Hall Company were summoned at the City 
 Police Court for issuing false statements, to induce the public to take shares 
 in that undertaking, July 16. The statement complained of was that nearly 
 the whole of the capital had been subscribed. The summons was withdrawn. 
 
 A town's meeting, convened by Mr. Wright Turner, mayor of Salford, was 
 held in the Salford Town Hall, July 18. Resolutions in favour of Parliamen- 
 tary reform were adopted. 
 
 The foundation stone of the Egerton Schools, Regent Road, was laid by 
 the Hon. Wilbraham Egerton, M.P., afterwards Lord Egerton of Tatton, 
 
 July 28. 
 
 The Maharajah of Johore visited Manchester, August 2. 
 
 A testimonial from the working men was presented to Mr. James Smith, 
 tli- agent of the Manchester and Salford District Provident Society, for his 
 exertions during the cotton famine, August 3. 
 
 29 and 30 Victoria, cap. 322. Act to amend an Act of the 17th year of the 
 reign of Her present Majesty, cap. 20, and to enable the Justices of the Division 
 of Manchester to provide Courts and other necessary buildings, and to increase 
 the rate authorised to be levied by the said Act of the 17th year of Her present 
 Majesty, and to increase the remuneration of the Stipendiary Justice for the 
 said Division, and for other purposes. August 6. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Free Trade Hall, August 10, under the auspices 
 of the Reform League, for the purpose of protesting against the exclusion of 
 the people from the Metropolitan Parks, reasserting the principles of the 
 Reform League, and praying Her Majesty to dismiss the Tory ministry. The 
 chairman was Mr. Edward Hooson. 
 
 A meeting of the merchants' executive committee, for shortening the 
 hours of labour of carters, &c, was held in the Town Hall, August 16. 
 
 James Burrows was executed at the New Bailey Prison, Salford, for the 
 murder of John Brennan, a servant of his father's, August 25. 
 
 At a meeting of the City Council, it was decided to invite the Queen to 
 visit Manchester on her return from Scotland, for the purpose of inaugurating 
 the Memorial to the late Prince Consort, September 5. 
 
 Rev. Charles Burton, D.C.L., F.L.S., died of typhus fever at Durham, 
 where he was on a visit, September 6. He was born at Middleton in 1793, and 
 educated at the University of Glasgow and St. John's College, Cambridge, 
 where he graduated-LL.B. in 1822, and was incorporated at Magdalen College,
 
 1866! 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 305 
 
 Oxford, in 1829, receiving the degree of D.C.L. He built the church of 
 All Saints', Oxford Road, cf which he was the incumbent 1820-1S66. He 
 was considered an eloquent preacher. Amongst his numerous works are : 
 Middleton, an Elegiac Poem, Glasgow, 1820, printed for private circulation ; 
 The Bardead, Manchester, 1823 ; Servant's Monitor, Manchester, 1826 ; Lectures 
 on the Millennium, London, 1841 (he thought it probable that it would begin 
 in 1868 !) ; Lectures on the World before the Flood, Manchester, 181-1 ; Lectures 
 on the Deluge, Manchester, 1845. 
 
 The foundation stone of St. Gabriel's Church, Erskine Street, Hulme, was 
 laid September 11, by the Hon. Wilbraham Egerton, M.P., afterwards Lord 
 Egerton, of Tat. ton. The church, which is built entirely of brick, from the 
 designs of Messrs. Medland and Henry Taylor, was consecrated February 6, 
 1869. Lord Egerton, of Tatton, gave £3,500 towards the edifice, the Birley 
 family presented £1,500, and the Manchester Church Building Society made a 
 considerable grant. The tower has not yet been completed. 
 
 A great open-air demonstration at Campfield of the Northern Branch of the 
 Reform League was held, September 24. Mr. John Bright addressed a meeting 
 in the Free Trade Hall in the evening. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Volunteers were reviewed at Harpurhey, by 
 Colonel Erskine, September 29. 
 
 The magistrates of Manchester repealed a rule that had been enforced for 
 twenty-three years, requiring the closing of the local theatres during Passion- 
 week, October 2. 
 
 The tenth annual congress of the Social Science Association was held in 
 Manchester and opened with service in the Cathedral, October 3. The sermon 
 was preached by the Rev. Canon Richson. In the evening addresses were 
 delivered at the Free Trade Hall by the Earl of Shaftesbury (the president) 
 and other distinguished persons. On the 5th a working man's meeting was 
 held in the Free Trade Hall in connection with the Social Science Association, 
 when addresses were delivered by the Earl of Shaftesbury, K.G., Lord 
 Brougham, and other members of the association. On the 9th there was a 
 banquet at the Assize Courts. 
 
 The Free Library, Rusholme Road, was opened October 6. The Earl of 
 Shaftesbury and other members of the Social Science Association took part in 
 the proceedings. 
 
 The festival of the cathedral choirs took place in the Manchester Cathedral, 
 October 18. 
 
 The first of tbe Manchester Science Lectures was delivered in the Car- 
 penter's Hall, Brook Street, October 31, by Trofessor H. E. Roscoe. Seven 
 series of tliese lectures were given, the last discourse being delivered 
 Pecember 3, 1879 (see under that date). 
 
 The workmen employed at thu Manchester Gas Works struck for an 
 advance of wages, November 7. 
 
 Rev. William Maclardie Bunting died in London, November 13. IK' was 
 the eldest son of Dr. Jabez Bunting, and was burn at Manchester, November 
 23, 1803. lie was educated at Woodhouse Grove School, and became a minister 
 of the Wesleyan Connexion, succeeding bis father in the Manchester Circuit 
 in 1S27. There is a biographical notice of him by his brother, Mr. T. P. 
 
 u
 
 306 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 (1866 
 
 Bunting, prefixed to a memorial volume'of selections from his sermons, letters, 
 and poems. A portrait forms the frontispiece. 
 
 Great damage was done in Manchester and Salford by the unprecedented 
 floods in the rivers Irwell and Medlock, November 17. 
 
 Rev. Francis Russell Hall, D.D., rector of Fulborne, died November 18, 
 aged 78. He was a son of the Rev. Samuel Hall, of St. Ann's, and was born at 
 Manchester, May 17, 1788. He was educated at the Grammar School and at St. 
 John's College, Cambridge. He wrote Hints to Young Clergymen, 1843, and 
 other works. (Manchester School Register, ii. 215.) 
 
 A great Reform banquet was held in the Free Trade Hall, November 20, 
 Mr. George Wilson presiding. About 1,000 gentlemen sat down to dinner. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Heywood, F.S.A., died at Hope End, near Ledbury, Hereford- 
 shire, November 20. He was the third son of Mr. Nathaniel Hey wood, and his 
 eldest brother was Sir Benjamin Heywood, Bart. He was born in Manchester 
 September 3, 1797. He was the author of The Earls of Derby, and the Verse 
 Writers of the 16th and Ylth Centuries ; The South Lancashire Dialect; and 
 edited several volumes for the Chetham Society. He was boroughreeve of 
 Salford in 1826. In 1840 he was High Sheriff of the county of Hereford. 
 (Manchester School Register iii., page 74, and Baker's Memorials, page 116.) 
 
 Mr. Tr avers Madge died at Norwich, March 22. He was born in that city 
 October 12, 1823, and was the son of the Rev. Thomas Madge, minister of the 
 Octagon Chapel. He was chiefly educated at Manchester New College, and 
 became a zealous and earnest teacher in the Lower Mosley Street Schools. He 
 was intended for the ministry, but from the " Christian Brethren " he acquired 
 an aversion to a paid ministry, and he became a printer. After a stay at home 
 and in Cornwall, he returned to Manchester in 1848, and the influence of his 
 beautiful personal character soon made him a power for good in the schools. 
 He edited the Sunday School Penny Magazine, and interested himself in 
 temperance work and other agencies for the benefit of the poorer classes. For 
 a brief time he held the post of home visitor to the (Unitarian) Mission to the 
 Poor. In 1851 failing health obliged him to leave Manchester, but he returned 
 in 1859, and worked in connection with a home mission, and was especially 
 useful in the time of the cotton famine. Failing health forced him to leave 
 the city, and after an interval in "Wales he went home to Norwich to die. The 
 pathetic story of his life is told in Travers Madge ; a Memoir, by Brooke 
 Herford, Manchester, 1867. 
 
 A testimonial consisting of a silver centrepiece and a sum of £800 was 
 presented to Mr. J. W. Maclure, by the members of the Central Executive 
 Relief Committee, for his able services, gratuitously rendered, during the 
 cotton panic of 1862-5, December 6. On December 18 he was presented with a 
 silver salver and a sum of £5,000, the proceeds of a general subscription in 
 Lancashire and Cheshire, for his exertions during the cotton panic. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Town Hall, and a proposition carried, to raise a 
 sum of £10,000 for the endowment of a chair of engineering at the Owens 
 College, December 11. 
 
 Free Lance, No. 1, was published December 22. Its first editor was Mr. 
 John Howard Nodal, but it underwent many changes, and had a varied career. 
 
 Four men, Batt, Leeson, and two Douglasses, were tried at Liverpool
 
 1867] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 307 
 
 Assizes for a robbery at the Stamp Office, Manchester, December 11 and 12. 
 The prisoners, whilst confined after trial at the New Bailey, Salford, gave 
 information which led to the recovery of £8,000 of the stolen property. Batt 
 was sentenced to ten years' penal servitude, and the other three to fifteen 
 years' penal servitude. 
 
 Country Words, a weekly periodical published by John Hey wood. It was 
 edited by Charles Hardwick, but stopped at the seventeenth number. 
 
 A meeting in connection with the National Temperance League was held 
 at the Free Trade Hall, under the presidency of Mr. George Cruikshank, the 
 famous artist. 
 
 Mr. Elijah Ridings gave an introductory address— which was afterwards 
 printed— on Free Discussion, to the Manchester Discussion Forum. 
 
 29 and 30 Victoria. Clauses relating to the establishment of the proposed 
 Manchester Corporation Savings Bank, with the sections of the Savings Banks 
 Acts intended to be incorporated. 
 
 1867. 
 
 A town's meeting was held under the presidency of Mr. R. Neill, the mayor, 
 January 21, when resolutions in favour of prohibiting the sale of intoxicating 
 liquors on Sunday were unanimously adopted. 
 
 The Albert memorial in Albert Square was formally presented to the 
 citizens of Manchester by Mrs. Goadsby, widow of Alderman Goadsby, at whose 
 expense the memorial was erected, January 23. 
 
 A meeting was held in the mayor's parlour, February'l, at which it was 
 proposed to raise from £100,000 to £150,000 for the extension of the Owens 
 College. Subscriptions of £18,000 were announced to the building fund, and 
 £6,000 to the engineering fund. 
 
 Mr. James Beardoe, of Ardwick Green, died February 13. He was well 
 known as a collector of pictures and antiques. 
 
 An explosion occurred at the gasworks, Rochdale Road, March 10, when 
 seven men were severely injured. 
 
 A volunteer bazaar was held in the Free Trade Hall, April 30. The object 
 was to obtain funds for building armouries, drill sheds, &c. 
 
 The Provincial Grand Lodge of Freemasons was held in the Salford Town 
 Hall, by Mr. Stephen Blair, P.G.M. of East Lancashire, May 2. 
 
 A testimonial was presented to Dr. John Watts, in recognition of his many 
 public services, May 8. 
 
 Mr. John Clowes Grundy, picture and print dealer, Exchange Street, died 
 May 19, aged GO. 
 
 30 Victoria, cap. 36. Act for enabling the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of 
 the city of Manchester, to extend their waterworks and the limits of their 
 water supply, to make a new street in Ardwick and other improvements, to 
 acquire additional lands, and for other purposes. May 31. 
 
 30 Victoria, cap. 58. Act for altering, amending, and extending the pro- 
 visions of the Salford Improvement Acts, 1862, for authorising the extension of 
 the gasworks, the construction of a new street, the raising of further moneys, 
 and for other purposes. May 31. 
 
 The Northern Department of the Reform League convened a conference,
 
 308 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1867 
 
 which was held in the mayor's parlour, May 31, under the presidency of 
 Alderman Carter, of Leeds. 
 
 The Clinical Hospital and Dispensary for Children, Park Place, York Street, 
 Cheetham, was opened in May. 
 
 The Angel Meadow burial-ground was asphalted and converted into an 
 open-space playground in May. 
 
 A combined Reform demonstration, consisting of a procession of trades and 
 societies, and an open-air meeting was held in a field near Stretford Road, June 1. 
 
 A conference of the Lancashire Conservative Association was held in the 
 Town Hall, June 27. Among the speakers were Mr. W. B. Ferrand and Mr. 
 Pope Hennessey. 
 
 The Ven. Robert Mosley Master, Archdeacon of Manchester, died at Black- 
 pool, July 1. He was born at Croston, of which his father was rector, 
 February 12, 1794, educated at Winwick, Eton, and Oxford, where he took his 
 degrees (B.A. 1815, M.A 1817). In 1817 he was ordained, and after some minor 
 preferments became successively incumbent of Burnley, perpetual curate of 
 Leyland, and rector of Croston. He was appointed Archdeacon of Manchester 
 in September 2, 1854, an office he retained until his death. 
 
 Mr. William Lloyd Garrison was entertained to tea by the United Kingdom 
 Alliance, July 4, and mentioned that before he began his anti-slavery labours 
 he was the editor of the " first temperance paper ever started in the world." 
 This was in 1827. He also addressed a great temperance gathering during his 
 stay in Manchester. 
 
 Mr. Charles Bradbury died July 7. His library and collection of antiquities 
 were sold by auction. 
 
 The Right Rev. William Higgin, D.D., Bishop of Derry, died July 12. He 
 was born at Lancaster, September 27, 1793, and entered the Manchester Grammar 
 School in 1810, from whence he proceeded to Cambridge, where he graduated 
 B.A. in 1817. Having been ordained, he became curate of Clifton. In 1820 he 
 was appointed chaplain of the Richmond General Penitentiary. In 1S28 he 
 became rector of Roscrea, and vicar-general of Killaloe. In 1844 he was 
 appointed Dean of Limerick, and five years later was consecrated bishop of that 
 see. He was translated to Derry in 1853. Dr. Higgin was the author of a few 
 books, a list of which will be found in the School Register, vol. iii. p. 65. 
 
 About forty of the Belgian Volunteers visited Manchester, July 22. 
 
 Rev. Richard Durnford, M.A., was admitted Archdeacon of Manchester, 
 July 23. 
 
 The Volunteers of Manchester and neighbourhood and the 8th Hussars were 
 reviewed by Sir J. Garvock, in Heaton Park, August 17. 
 
 The Oxford Local Examination prizes were distributed by Lord Granville, 
 in the Free Trade Hall, August 27. 
 
 A Parliamentary commission to inquire into the trade outrages committed 
 in Manchester and neighbourhood, commenced sitting at the Assize Courts, 
 September 4. The final sitting was held September 21, when it was adjourned. 
 
 The police-van stopped and broken into by a band of armed Fenians, 
 September 18. The prisoners, among whom were Colonel Kelly and Captain 
 Deasey (two Fenian head-centres), were liberated, and the policeman in charge 
 (Sergeant Brett) was shot.
 
 2867] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 309 
 
 Mr. James Aspinall Turner, M.P., died September 28, aged 70 years. He 
 was chosen member of Parliament for Manchester at the memorable election 
 of 1857, when Mr. John Bright was rejected. He retired in 1865. In his earlier 
 years he was an ardent student of entomology. 
 
 A great banquet to Her Majesty's Ministers in the Free Trade Hall, Oct. 17. 
 The Earl of Derby (Premier), Lord Stanley, and Sir John Pakington were present. 
 
 A special commission for the trial of the Fenian prisoners concerned in the 
 Hyde Road outrage was opened at the Assize Courts by Justices Mellor and 
 Blackburn, October 26. 
 
 The Cattle Fair resumed at Knot Mill, after being suspended for three 
 years during the cattle plague. A market for milch cows was also resumed 
 near Oak Street. October. 
 
 Mr. Edwin James, Q.C., one of the M.P.'s for Manchester, died November 3. 
 
 The Fenian convicts, Allen, Gould, and Larkin, were executed in front of the 
 New Bailey, Salford, for the murder of Police-Sergeant Brett, November 23. 
 
 Mr. Jacob Bright elected M.P. for Manchester in place of Mr. James, Q.C., 
 deceased, November 26. His opponents were Messrs. J. M. Bennett and 
 Mitchell Henry. At the close of the poll the votes recorded were : Bright, 8,160; 
 Bennett, 6,420 ; Henry, 643. It is worthy of note that at this election a woman, 
 whose name had by mistake been put on the register, actually voted. She 
 voted for Jacob Bright, and was, it was said, the first woman who ever voted 
 at a parliamentary election. 
 
 The Rural Deaneries rearranged in this diocese by the Bishop and Rursi 
 Deans. The deanery of Manchester consisted of twenty churches. November. 
 
 Great funeral processions were held in many places for the Fenians hung 
 at Manchester, December 8. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Morton died December 29. He was born February 10, 1810, and 
 was an eminent actuary. He was one of the founders of the Manchester Glee 
 Club. After his removal to London he became connected with the Briton 
 Insurance Company, from which he had a pension. (Baker's Memorials, p. 122.) 
 
 Rev. John Hannah, D.D., died at Manchester, December 29. He was born 
 at Lincoln in 1792, and in 1812 became theological tutor at the Wesleyan College, 
 Didsbury. He was president of the Conference in 1S42 and 1851, and twice 
 represented the Wesleyan Conference at the American General Conference. 
 At the time of his death he was the oldest member of the " legal hundred." 
 
 The Wholesale Fish Market was opened in Great Ducie Street, St rangeways. 
 
 A Swimming School established in Barrack Street, Chester Road, Hulme. 
 
 Newall's Buildings, which had been the official house of the Anti-Corn Law 
 League, was with other buildings, demolished, to make room for the New 
 Exchan 
 
 The Subscription Library, established in 1765, was sold by auction in 
 Newall's Buildings. It was the oldest library in Manchester. 
 
 Miss Susanna Georgiana Lloyd presented to Chetham's Hospital some dags 
 used at a dinner gives in 1788, to commemorate the revolution of 1688. Her 
 letter, which gives some particulars of the family, is printed in the Palatine 
 Safe-book, vol. iv., p. 2J0. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel C. G. Gordon, the famous " Chinese " Gordon, was for a 
 few months resident at the Queen's Hotel during the survey for the Redistri-
 
 310 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1863 
 
 bution Bill. He interested himself in the work of the Dark Lane Ragged 
 School, and in the visitation of the slums by the City Mission. Some letters 
 addressed by him to Mr. James Johnson, one of the missionaries, are printed 
 in the report of the City Mission for 1884. In one he says, " Remember me to 
 all my friends, the lads of Dark Lane." 
 
 A new street was cut to Smithfield Market from the corner of High Street, 
 and called New High Street. 
 
 1868. 
 
 Mr. James Fallows (of the firm of Fallows and Keymer) died at Sunny 
 Bank, Longsight, January 1. He left £17,000, free of duty, to be distributed as 
 follows : Ladies' Charity School, £500; British and Foreign Bible Society, £500; 
 Manchester Royal Infirmary, £1,000; Sallord and Pendleton Dispensary, £500; 
 Church Pastoral Aid Society, £1,000; Henshaw's Blind Asylum, £1,000; Man- 
 chester City Mission, £1,000; Manchester Deaf and Dumb Schools, £1,000; 
 Manchester Diocesan Church Building Society, £10,000; and to each of tbe 
 following Church Sunday Schools £100 : St. John's ; St. James's, Birch ; Holy 
 Trinity, Rusholme ; St. Saviour's and St. Stephen's, Chorlton-upon-Medlock. 
 
 Dr. Mark died January 2, and was interred at St. Luke's, Cheetham. For 
 his efforts in the popularisation of music, "Dr. Mark and his Little Men,", 
 should be remembered. 
 
 Two thousand special constables were sworn in as a precaution in the 
 event of Fenian disturbances, January 2 and 3. 
 
 An inquest was held before Mr. Edward Herford on six persons killed by 
 the explosion of a boiler at Messrs. Chapman and Holland's, dyers, Ashley Lane, 
 caused by the corrosion of the plates, January 3. 
 
 A number of cotton spinners and manufacturers opened the Free Trade Hall 
 as an Exchange, January3, on account of the subscription to the Exchange being 
 increased from two to three guineas. The additional charge was abandoned. 
 
 A Destitute Children's Dinner Society formed at the instigation of Mr. 
 Andrew Hamilton, of Manchester, January 6. 
 
 A meeting of cottage occupiers was held in the Hulme Town Hall, January 
 6, to petition Parliament for the repeal of the ratepaying clauses of the Reform 
 Act, and to form a House Occupiers' Association. 
 
 The sum of £470 presented by Mr. H. Nixson to the Manchester Branch of 
 the National Lifeboat Institution, for a boat to be stationed at Abergele. Jan. 7. 
 
 It was decided at the City Council to apply to Parliament for the 
 amalgamation of the Manchester and Salford Court of Record, January 8. 
 
 A fire at St. Paul's Church, Turner Street, January 12, was caused by an 
 over-heated flue. The damage caused was but slight. 
 
 A conference of the Lancashire and Cheshire Union of Mechanics' Institutes, 
 with Mr. B. Samuelson, at the Trevelyan Hotel, on Technical Education. 
 Alderman Rumney presided. January 14. 
 
 The Manchester and Chester Diocesan Church of England and Ireland 
 Temperance Society held their first meeting in the Town Hall, King Street, 
 January 14. Mr. Robert Whitworth presided. Sixty clergymen had given in 
 their adhesion, ten thousand tracts had been circulated, and five thousand nine 
 hundred members enrolled.
 
 1868] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 311 
 
 A conference on National Education commenced its first day's sitting in 
 the Town Hall, January 15. The Hon. H. Austin Bruce, M.P. (afterwards Lord 
 Aberdare) presided. The Conference was almost unanimously in favour of 
 compulsory rating for education. The second day's proceedings were presided 
 over by Mr. W. E. Forster, M.P., when there was a majority in favour of 
 compulsory education. 
 
 A special meeting of the governors of Henshaw's Blind Asylum was held in 
 the Town Hall, King Street, January 16, in reference to certain charges made 
 against the Board of Management. 
 
 Mrs. Brett (widow of Sergeant Brett) was granted twenty-one shillings per 
 week for life ; and at her death, £300 to be paid to her children. January 17. 
 
 The Manchester Diocesan Church Association held its first meeting in the 
 Free Trade Hall, January 17. 
 
 Professor A. Goering delivered an address at the National Reform Union 
 Offices, Market Street, on the Electoral and Agrarian Systems of Prussia, 
 January 21. Mr. George Wilson presided. 
 
 A meeting of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce was held in the Town 
 Hall, at which Professor Leone Levi, of King's College, London, delivered an 
 address on Foreign Competition and Technical Education. January 22. 
 
 A conference of the Systematic Beneficence Society was held in the Town 
 Hall, King Street, January 27. Mr. James Barlow, mayor of Bolton, presided. 
 
 The Manchester Natural History Society held its last meeting, January 29^ 
 after an existence of over fifty years. Its last act was to hand its valuable 
 museum and building, together with a handsome endowment, to an interim 
 commission, with a view to an ultimate reorganisation, as a free museum, with 
 especial privileges for students connected with the Owens College, to which 
 institution the museum was subsequently removed. The estimated value of 
 the collection was £20,000. 
 
 A town's meeting of the inhabitants of Salford was held in the Town Hall, 
 February 3, to consider the action of the Rector of Sacred Trinity Church 
 regarding the charities of Humphrey Booth the younger. The mayor (Mr. 
 H. D. Pochin) presided. 
 
 Mr. John Maybury, superintendent of the E Division (detective depart- 
 ment), resigned February 5. He had been thirty years in the service, and 
 retired with a pension of £125 a year. 
 
 Mr. Charles Ashmore, many years a member of the Town Council of Man- 
 chester, died at his residence, Cheetham, February 5. 
 
 The Cotton Supply Association Council gave a banquet at the Queen's 
 Hotel, February 7, to Mr. L. R. Ashburne, from Khandeish, and Major R. T. 
 Clark. Mr. Thomas Bazley, M.P., presided. 
 
 The ceremony of christening the twelfth lifeboat contributed by Man- 
 chester and vicinity to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution was perfornu d 
 in Peel Park, February 8. 
 
 A town's meeting, on the Irish Church question, was held in the Town 
 Hall, King Street, February 10. The meeting declined to pronounce an opinion 
 in favour of disendowing tbe Established Church in Ireland. 
 
 The National Reform Union held a conference in the Town Hall, in 
 reference to the redistribution of seats in Parliament, &C, February 11.
 
 312 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1868 
 
 A meeting of the Poor Law Guardians, delegated from various Unions, 
 was held at the Clarence Hotel, to consider the propriety of the cost of the 
 relief of the poor being partly cast on the national funds. February 11. 
 
 A Manchester Temperance Electoral Association inaugurated at the 
 Trevelyan Hotel, February 14. 
 
 Ven. John Rushton, D.D., Archdeacon of Manchester, died, February 21. 
 
 Mr. John Reid, manager of the Branch Bank of England, presented with 
 an address, silver tea service, and a purse of £3,000, February 24. 
 
 The Manchester Unity of the Independent Order of Oddfellows presented a 
 lifeboat to the Royal Lifeboat Institution, to be stationed at Cleethorpes, 
 and named the "Manchester Unity," February 29. 
 
 Mr. John Leigh appointed officer of health for Manchester, March 4. 
 
 The assizes of the Salford Hundred commenced at the Assize Courts, 
 Strangeways, March 9. 
 
 A conference of Boards of Guardians from various parts of the country 
 was held at the Clarence Hotel, March 10, at the instance of the select 
 vestry of Liverpool, to consider the question of Government aid in the main- 
 tenance and care of the sick in workhouse hospitals. 
 
 William Dodd, treasurer of the Manchester Operative House Painters' 
 Association, was sentenced to five years' imprisonment for embezzling £800. 
 March 11. 
 
 Timothy Faherty sentenced to death, March 12, at the Assizes, for the 
 murder of Mary Hanmer, at Droylsden, on Christmas Day, and was executed 
 April 4, in front of the New Bailey Prison, Salford. 
 
 The Charity Commissioners declined to order an official inquiry respecting 
 the management of Henshaw's Blind Asylum, March 12. 
 
 A farewell dinner was given at the Palatine Hotel, March 12, in honour of 
 Mr. H. W. Lord, United States Consul for Manchester, on his resigning that 
 office, which he had held for several years. The mayor, Mr. R. Neill occupied 
 the chair. 
 
 A deputation of the local Members of Parliament and others waited upon 
 the Attorney-General, March 13, to protest against the alienation of the 
 charity of Humphrey Booth the younger, in Salford. 
 
 Mr. James Teare died at the Trevelyan Hotel, March 16. He was born at 
 Cronk-e-Shogle, Ryehill, Kirk Andreas, in the Isle of Man, February, 1S04. 
 He was a shoemaker, and settled at Preston with a brother. Being an earnest 
 Wesleyan he was much distressed by the prevalent intemperance, and in 1832 
 was one to embrace the new doctrine of teetotalism. He was an earnest 
 advocate, and is said to have travelled two hundred thousand miles, and 
 to have addressed more than eight thousand meetings. He is buried at 
 Harpurhey Cemetery. A sum of £100 he left as a prize, which resulted in the 
 issue of Bacchus Dethroned; the first Teare Prize Essay, by Frederick Powell, 
 with memoir and extracts/rom the speeches of the late James Teare, by Dr. F. 
 B. Lees, London, 1869. He was the author of Early History of Teetotalism. 
 
 William Phearson Thompson and Patrick Mulliday charged with the 
 murder of Police-Sergeant Brett, and were sentenced to death March 17; 
 reprieved during Her Majesty's pleasure, March 21; committed to penal 
 servitude for life, April 1.
 
 1868] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 313 
 
 Mr. Edward Coathupe appointed superintendent of the Detective Depart- 
 ment, March 19. 
 
 A special meeting of the governors of Henshaw's Blind Asylum was held 
 in the Town Hall, King Street, March 23, to receive a communication from the 
 Charity Commissioners in reference to the charges made against the Board of 
 Management by Dr. Crompton. 
 
 An influential deputation waited upon the First Lord of the Treasury, 
 March 24, to ask for a grant to the Owens College. 
 
 Mrs. Goadsby presented £500 to the Manchester School of Art, March 24. 
 Mr. Thomas Forrest died at Leicester, March 25, aged 73 years. He came 
 to Manchester as a journeyman printer, and was the founder of the extensive 
 business afterwards carried on by Messrs. Johnson and Bawson, and by 
 Messrs. Johnson and Son, and2Messrs.]Bawson and Co. (Baker's Memorials, 
 p. 129.) 
 
 A meeting of the Manchester Ladies' Literary Society was held in the 
 Boyal Institution, March 25, the president, Miss L. E. Becker, in the chair. 
 
 The Congregational Day and Sunday Schools connected with Hope Chapel, 
 Liverpool Street, Salford, were erected March 26. 
 
 The Bishop of Tennessee delivered an address in the Athenaeum, on 
 Education, March 26. 
 
 A demonstration of the Protestant working men of Manchester was held 
 in the Free Trade Hall, March 31, in opposition to Mr. Gladstone's proposal to 
 disestablish the Irish Church, Mr. G. Anderton in the chair. 
 
 Owens College Magazine, No. 1, March, published by H. H. Tubbs, 21a, 
 King Street. 
 
 Mr. Alfred Waterhouse's designs for the New Town Hall were formally 
 adopted by the City Council, April 1. 
 
 A Liberal meeting was held in the Free Trade Hall, April 1, in support of 
 Mr. Gladstone's resolutions for disestablishing the Irish Church. Mr. Hugh 
 Mason presided. 
 
 John Howarth, shopkeeper, Cross Street, was sentenced to five years' penal 
 servitude for receiving postage stamps from boys, knowing them to have been 
 stolen, April 4. 
 
 Two men, named Faherty and Weatherill, were executed in front of the 
 New Bailey, Salford, April 4, the first for the murder of a young woman at 
 Droylsden, and the latter for the murder of the Rev. Mr. Plow, at Todmorden. 
 Mr. E. C. Delavan, of New York, was entertained at breakfast by the 
 United Kingdom Alliance, as a veteran in the Temperance cause, April 0. 
 
 Alderman William Bowker died at his residence, Old Trafford, April 6, 
 aged 54 years. He was interred at Sale Cemetery on the 11th. 
 
 A meeting of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners was held 
 at the Hulme Town Hall, April 8, to inaugurate an institution for the instruc- 
 tion of its members in technical education. Mr. R. Neill, the mayor of 
 Manchester, presided. The meeting was addressed by Mr. John Scott Russell, 
 of London. 
 
 The foundation stone of a new workhouse for the Prestwich Union was laid 
 at Crumpsall, April 23. 
 
 Mr. John Harland, F.S.A., died at his residence, Brkleoak Street,
 
 314 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1868 
 
 Cheetham Hill, April 23, and was interred at Rusholme Road Cemetery, April 
 28. He was born at Hull in 1806, but having become an expert stenographer 
 was engaged as chief reporter on the Manchester Guardian. Mr. Harland's 
 contributions to local archaeology were numerous and varied. He edited the 
 new edition of Baines's Lancashire, many volumes of the Chetham Society, 
 and contributed a great number of antiquarian papers to the local press. He 
 was one of the original members of the brotherhood of Eosicrucians, a society 
 having for its object antiquarian research, especially connected with the 
 palatine counties of Lancaster and Chester. He wrote Lancashire Folk-Lore 
 and Traditions of Lancashire, in conjunction with Mr. T. T. Wilkinson, who 
 prefixed to the last named a biographical sketch. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Johnson died May 1, aged 85 years. He was born at Coventry 
 in 1783. In early life he was sent to the mill, but became successively a school' 
 master, then a spinner, then a book canvasser, and then an old bookseller. He 
 was the publisher and printer of a number of cheap books. There is an account 
 of him in W. T. Johnson's Manchester Catalogue, No. 2. 
 
 The foundation stone of a Wesleyan Chapel was laid in Sussex Street, 
 Lower Broughton, by Mr. Richard Haworth, May 9. The cost was £5,000. 
 
 Thomas Donoghue murdered his wife by stabbing her, May 20. He after- 
 wards stabbed himself, and was taken to the Salford Royal Dispensary. 
 
 The exhibition of pictures and works of art in the Peel Park Museum 
 was inaugurated by a soiree. The invitations were issued by Alderman H. D. 
 Pochin, mayor of Salford, and Mrs. Pochin, May 27. 
 
 The National Flower Show held at the Botanical Gardens, Old Trafford, 
 commenced May 29. 
 
 The completion of the rebuilding of the tower of the Cathedral was 
 celebrated in the morning of May 31 by the attendance at divine service of the 
 Mayor and Corporation. About £28,000 had been expended in this and other 
 works of restoration in connection with the edifice of late years. The tower is 
 as nearly as possible a facsimile of the old one. The height from the ground 
 is one hundred and thirty-nine feet ; the walls are five feet thick ; and externally 
 the tower is forty feet square up to the battlements. The carving and 
 decorations were carried out by Mr. J. W. Graham, from the designs of Mr. 
 Holden, South King Street. The large window in the western end of the 
 tower has been placed there in memory of the late Mr. Harter. 
 
 Professor Stanley Jevons, of the Owens College, delivered a lecture at the 
 Co-operative Hall, Upper Medlock Street, March 31, ou "Trade Societies." 
 Mr. Adam Murray presided. 
 
 The annual procession of the Church of England Schools and Ragged 
 Schools was held June 1. There were 32 schools and 14,563 scholars in the 
 procession. 
 
 Mr. John Rhodes, of Stevenson Square, was robbed of bank notes and bills 
 to the value of £1,500, in a beerhouse in Hilton Street, Port Street, June 11. 
 
 A public meeting, presided over by the mayor, was held in the Town Hall, 
 June 12, in aid of the Manchester Southern Hospital for the Diseases of 
 Women and Children. 
 
 The Rivers Pollution Commissioners met in the Manchester Town Hall, 
 June 17, and at the Salford Town Hall on the following day.
 
 1868] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 315 
 
 The Provincial Assembly of Unitarian ministers and congregations of the 
 counties of Lancaster and Chester was held in Upper Brook Street Chapel, 
 June 18. 
 
 The Lancashire and Cheshire Branch of the British Medical Association 
 held a meeting at the Royal Institution, Mosley Street, June 19. 
 
 The foundation stone of a Wesleyan Chapel in Whalley Range was laid by 
 Mr. Richard Haworth, June 20. The estimated cost was £7,300. 
 
 A deputation from the Manchester Cotton Supply Association had an 
 interview with Lord Stanley at the Foreign Office, in reference to the Suez 
 Canal, June 20. 
 
 A meeting was held of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, June 24, at 
 which a deputation attended from the Manchester and Salford Trades Council, 
 to obtain the co-operation of the Chamber in establishing a court of arbitration 
 for this district. 
 
 The twenty-fifth sessional anniversary of the Lancashire Independent 
 College was held in the institution, June 25. The Rev. Alexander Thomson 
 in the chair. 
 
 A meeting convened by the Manchester Church Defence Association was 
 held in the Free Trade Hall, in support of the Irish Church, June 30. 
 
 An Act was passed for the publication of cotton statistics. The forwarders 
 of cotton were required by it to make monthly returns to the Board of Trade, 
 which are to be published. There is a penalty not exceeding £20, if forwarder 
 omit to comply with requirements. June. 
 
 An entertainment at the Athenaeum, July 4, on behalf of two orphan boys, 
 sons of Mr. John Naull Allen, for some time past connected with the Man- 
 chester Press, who died November 2, 1867. 
 
 The Salford Hundred Quarter Sessions, formerly held at the New Bailey, 
 was held for the first time in the Assize Courts, July 6. 
 
 A meeting of blind people was held in the Hulme Town Hall, July 7. Mr. 
 J. Morgan presided. Dr. Crompton spoke upon the expediency of establish in 
 an industrial institution for the blind. 
 
 The foundation stone of the City Police and Sessions Court in Minshull 
 Street was laid by the mayor, Mr. R. Neill, July 10. The building is of the 
 Gothic style, and was designed by Mr. T. Worthington, of this city. 
 
 " Madam Beswick" was buried at Harpurhey Cemetery, July 12. This lady 
 it is said, from fear of being buried alive, directed her body to be embalm* d 
 under the direction of her physician, Dr. Charles White. This modern mummy 
 was for many years in the Natural History Museum, Peter Street, and on the 
 dispersal of that collection Madam Beswick was committed to the earth. 
 (Manchester Guardian Notes and Queries.) 
 
 31 and 32 Victoria. Act to amalgamate the Court of Record for the 
 hundred of Salford, and the Court of Record for the trial of civil acta w ithin 
 the city of Manchester, and to constitute the said amalgamated court the 
 Court of Record for the hundred of Salford, with extended powers, and to 
 regulate the practice and procedure therein, and for other purposes. .Inly 13. 
 
 A meeting of phonographers and friends of spelling reform held in the 
 Town Hall, July 14, to welcome Mr. Isaac Pitman, the inventor of phonography. 
 Professor Greenbank presided. A full report was printed in pamphlet form.
 
 316 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1868 
 
 The Lancashire Cotton Famine Memorial Window in the Guildhall, 
 London, was uncovered July 15. The window, which was raised by penny 
 subscriptions in Lancashire, was placed at the east end of the hall, as a 
 memorial of the efforts made by the Lord Mayor's Committee to relieve the 
 distress brought upon Lancashire by the cotton famine. The tiers contain 
 historical subjects of the City of London, Lancashire worthies, &c. Several 
 local gentlemen were present at the unveiling of the window by Colonel 
 Wilson-Patten, M.P. The work was executed by Messrs. Clayton and Bell. 
 
 The highest score at Wimbledon was made by Corporal Peake of the First 
 Manchester Rifle Volunteers, July 21. 
 
 Mr. Stephen Temple, Q.C., Attorney-General for the County Palatine, died 
 at Lancaster, July 27. 
 
 A dreadful accident at the Victoria Music Hall (Ben Lang's), Victoria 
 Bridge, July 31, resulted from a false alarm of fire. In endeavouring to escape 
 from the building twenty-three persons were crushed to death on the stairs, 
 and many others sustained serious injuries. 
 
 The foundation stone of St. Stephen's Church, City Road, Hulme, was laid 
 by the Earl of Ellesmere, August 7. This was the last church consecrated by 
 Bishop Lee. The ceremony was performed December 18, 1869. The architects 
 were Messrs. Medland and Henry Taylor. With the exception of a small grant 
 from the Manchester Church Building Society, the cost of the^ church was 
 defrayed by Messrs. Hugh, Herbert, and Arthur Birley, by whom also the 
 schools and parsonage were erected. 
 
 The Institution of Engineers held their first annual meeting in the Town 
 Hall, August 7. 
 
 St. Matthew's Church, Ardwick, was consecrated by Bishop Lee, August 
 15. Mr. J. M. Taylor was the architect, and the cost of erection was £6,000. 
 
 A fire occurred at the works of Mr. J. Lancaster, dyer, Harpurhey, 
 August 22, and caused damage to about £5,000. 
 
 Several men were seriously injured and one killed in the yard of Messrs. 
 Bowden, Edwards, and Foster, Brook Street, August 25. 
 
 Prizes and certificates awarded to the Manchester students, in connection 
 with the Oxford Local Examination, were distributed at the Free Trade Hall, 
 by Dr. Frederick Temple, September 11. The Mayor presided. 
 
 At a review and sham fight at Heaton Park seven thousand volunteers and 
 regulars were reviewed by Major-General Sir John Garvock, September 12. 
 
 At the Revision Court, held in the Town Hall, September 15, Mr. Hosack, 
 the revising barrister, gave his decision against the claim of 5,750 women to be 
 placed upon the list of parliamentary voters. 
 
 The foundation stone of the Dispensary for Sick Children, Gartside Street, 
 was laid by the Bishop of Manchester, September 18. 
 
 The Manchester Conference promoted by the Church Association com- 
 menced its sittings in the Town Hall, October 6. Mr. Robert Gladstone 
 presided. 
 
 The ethnographical collections and miscellaneous curiosities of the late 
 Natural History Society, Peter Street, were sold by auction, October 8. 
 
 Mr. Charles Dickens gave the first of a series of farewell readings in the 
 Free Trade Hall, October 10.
 
 1868] Annals of Manchester. 317 
 
 The foundation stone of a Jews' School in Derby Street, Cheetham Hill, 
 was laid by Mr. E. Nathan, October 15. 
 
 The Salford and Pendleton Royal Hospital received a cheque fcr £1,200 
 from the Mansion House, being a portion of the balance of the relief fund, 
 October 15. 
 
 A fire took place at Messrs. J. and C. Brennand's printworks, Kersal Moor, 
 October 16. The damage was estimated at from £S,000 to £10,000. 
 
 The foundation stone of the new Town Hall, Albert Square, laid by the 
 mayor, Mr. Robert Neill, October 26. Nearly the whole of the Corporation 
 were present, and at the close of the proceedings one hundred and seventy 
 guests had a dejeuner in the Town Hall. 
 
 The Marquis of Salisbury was entertained at the Queen's Hotel, on the 
 evening of October 27, by the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Alderman Bennett 
 presided. Addresses were previously presented to the Marquis at the Town 
 Hall by the Chamber of Commerce and the Cotton Supply Association, 
 October 27. 
 
 A meeting took place at the Town Hall, to receive the report of a committee 
 which had been appointed to promote the extension of the Owens College. 
 October 30. 
 
 A meeting was held in the Free Trade Hall, under the presidency of Mr. R. 
 Neill, November 4, in celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the 
 Saturday half-holiday. 
 
 The first general Parliamentary election under the Reform Act of 1867 took 
 place November 17. The numbers polled for the respective candidates were as 
 follows: Mr. Hugh Birley (Conservative), 15, 4S6; Sir Thomas Bazley (Liberal), 
 11,192; Mr. Jacob Bright (Liberal), 13,514; Mr. Hoare (Conservative), 12,6S4; 
 Mr. Ernest Jones (Liberal), 10,662 ; Mr. Mitchell Henry (Liberal), 5,236. The 
 three first-named gentlemen were returned as the representatives of Man- 
 chester. The election for the borough of Salford also took place on the same 
 day, and resulted in the return of Mr. C. E. Cawley and Mr. W. T. Charley, the 
 numbers at the close of the poll being: Mr. Cawley (Conservative), 6,312 ; Mr. 
 Charley (Conservative), G,1S1 ; Mr. John Cheetham (Liberal), 6,141 ; Mr. Henry 
 Rawson (Liberal), 6,018. 
 
 Mr. Hawksley presented a report to the Salford Town Council upon the 
 flood in the Irwell, November. He proposed a tunnel thirty feet in diameter 
 and two miles in length, from Mode Wheel to near Agecroft Bridge. The 
 estimated cost was £125,000. 
 
 A man name Michael James Johnson murdered Patrick Nurney by 
 stabbing him with a knife, at Cambridge Arms Inn, Regent Road, Salford, 
 December 26. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Dennison Naylordied December 27, aged 70 years. He was 
 the son of Benjamin Naylor (see under date April 12, 1846), and having devoted 
 himself to scientitic study became a proficient in astronomy. The telescope 
 erected by him at his residence at Dunham Massey was sold after his death to 
 Sir George Airy, and used in observing the transit of Venus, at Kerguelen's 
 Land in 1871. -Mr. Xaylor was a feoffee in Chetham's Hospital. ^Baker's 
 Memorials, p. 120.) 
 
 The Court of Record of the city of Manchester and the Court of Record of
 
 SI 8 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1869 
 
 the hundred of Salford were amalgamated. The Salford Court of Record is one 
 
 of the oldest institutions in the county, and dates from Saxon times. 
 
 Mr. Edmund Buckley, of Higher Ardwick, Manchester, sometime M P. for 
 
 Newcastle-under-Lynie, was created a Baronet. 
 
 The difference caused by the passing of the Household Suffrage Act is 
 
 shown by the following statement of the register in 1868 and in the preceding 
 
 year:— 
 
 1868. 1867. 
 
 Manchester Borough 47,911 25,130 
 
 Manchester County 2,276 (1868-9)... 2,263 
 
 Salford Borough 14,827 5,960 
 
 Salford County 1,067 790 
 
 Will-o'-the-wisp, a comic and satirical journal, was issued on Wednesday. 
 JSTo. 12, and apparently the last, being dated December 1. Beginning with No. 
 
 7 the paper contained cartoons and sketches by Mr. Randolph Caldecott. 
 
 1869. 
 
 Mr. Ernest Jones, barrister-at-law, died January 26, aged 50 years. He was 
 of aristocratic birth, and was the godson of the King of Hanover (Duke of 
 Cumberland), but became a popular and zealous supporter and advocate of 
 advanced Liberal opinions ; and had taken a leading part in the Chartist move- 
 ment. He was imprisoned in 1848, and the harshness with which he was 
 treated led to a debate in Parliament. He was an orator unrivalled for his 
 comintin^of the audience, and his poetry is often of fine quality. He wrote 
 The Woou Spirit; Corayda; Battle-Day, &c. His finest effort is The Painter 
 of Florence. He was interred at Ardwick Cemetery, and his remains were 
 followed to their final resting-place by some thousands of his political friends 
 and admirers. 
 
 St. Gabriel's Church, Hulme, was consecrated, February 6. 
 
 A great flood in the Irwell did considerable damage to property, February 7. 
 
 A fire atTar-paraffin oil shop in Rochdale Road, February 22, resulted in the 
 death of Mary and Thomas Mitton— mother and son— the latter being the 
 occupier of the house. 
 
 The Hon. Reverdy Johnson, the American Minister at the Court of St. 
 James's, received addresses at the Town Hall from the Corporation of Man- 
 chester and from the Chamber of Commerce, February 25. 
 
 Mr. John A. Russell, Q.C., was appointed Judge of County Court, February. 
 
 The shock of an earthquake was felt in Manchester and neighbourhood, 
 March 15. In some parts the doors and windows were slightly shaken by the 
 vibration ; a chimney was thrown down at Newchurch, and the walls were 
 cracked at the Haslingden Railway Station. 
 
 Mary, widow of the Rev. Jonathan Crowther, died at Higher Broughton, 
 March 15, aged 95. She received her first ticket of membership in the Metho- 
 dist Connexion from the hands of John Wesley in 1790. Her husband was 
 President of the Conference in 1819. She is buried at Kersal. 
 
 Mr. James Hervey Slack, solicitor, formerly of Manchester, was acciden- 
 tally drowned in the river Dee, March 16. 
 
 Alderman Thomas Ashworth, of Salford, died suddenly, March 20. Mr.
 
 18S9] xLnnais of Manchester. 319 
 
 ^ 
 
 Ashworth had always taken a lively interest in the educational movements in 
 the borough, and was instrumental in the formation of the Mechanics' Insti- 
 tution, Pendleton. (Baker's Memorials, page 128.) 
 
 Michael James Johnson executed at the County Prison, Strangeways, for 
 the murder of Patrick Nurney, at a beerhouse in Regent Road, Salford, 
 March 29. > 
 
 The manor or lordship of Higher and Lower Ardwick, comprising the 
 manorial rights of the township, held for many generations by the Birch 
 family, and purchased in 1835 by Mr. H. Weesh Burgess, of Hampstead, was 
 sold by him, together with the Old Manor Estate, to Alderman Bennett. 
 March. 
 
 Mr. F.-J. Headlam, the stipendiary magistrate, began his duties at the 
 City Police Court, Bridge Street, May 6. 
 
 The Stowell Memorial Church, Salford, was consecrated by Bishop Lee, 
 May 14. Mr. J. M. Taylor was the architect, and the cosi of erection was 
 £-.000. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. John Cumming, of London, visited Manchester, and delivered 
 a lecture in the Free Trade Hall, on " The Signs of the Times," May 25. 
 
 The corner stone of the Gesu (Church of the Holy Name), Oxford Road, was 
 laid by Dr. Turner, Roman Catholic Bishop of Salford, June 10. 
 
 The Church of the Ascension, Broughton, was consecrated by Bishop Lee, 
 July 3. Mr. J. M. Taylor was the architect, and the cost of erection was 
 £1,850. 
 
 32 and 33 Victoria, cap. 5. Act for authorising the leasing, selling, 
 exchanging, and partitioning of estates in the parish of Manchester. July 12. 
 
 32 and 33 Victoria. Act for enabling the Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of 
 the City of Manchester to purchase additional lands for the purpose of their 
 waterworks, to widen and alter Deansgate, to acquire additional lands, and to 
 raise further moneys, and for other purposes. July 12. 
 
 The Prince and Princess of Wales visited Manchester and Salford, July 20. 
 They were the guests of the Earl of Ellesmere, and on their way to Manchester 
 visited the Royal Agricultural Society's Show at Old Tratford. Addresses were 
 presented to them by both corporations. 
 
 Mr. W. S. Rutter, solicitor, and coroner for Salford, died at his residence, 
 Ford View, Lower Broughton, July 29, aged 77 years. Mr. Rutter filled the 
 office of coroner for this division of the county for 37 years. 
 
 Mr. H. L. Trafford, stipendiary magistrate for the borough of Salford and 
 the petty sessional division of Manchester, died August 1. Mr. Trafford filled 
 the office of stipendiary magistrate for nearly 25 years. 
 
 Mr. F. Price was elected coroner for the Salford division, August 31. 
 
 Mr. John Jennison died September 20, in the SOth year of his age. He was 
 the originator and proprietor of the Belle Vue Gardens, which he began in 1S36, 
 and which have for many years been the favourite resort of not only the pleasure- 
 seekers of Manchester and the neighbourhood but of the manufacturing 
 districts of the surrounding counties ; and, in the face of many difficulties, he 
 worked on, by degrees enlarging and beautifying the grounds. 
 
 Mr. John Lamartine Barker died October 9. He was the son of Mr. Thomas 
 H. Barker, secretary of the United Kingdom Alliance, and was born at Man-
 
 320 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1869 
 
 Chester in 1848. After a brilliant career at the Owens College, where he was 
 Shuttleworth scholar, he died at the beginning of his University career. He 
 was the author of Political Economy of the Liquor Traffic, Manchester, 1867. 
 There is a notice of him in the Owens College Magazine for 1S69. 
 
 Edward Geoffrey Stanley, fourteenth Earl of Derby, died at Knowsley, 
 October 23. He was born at Knowsley, March 29, 1799, and was returned 
 M.P.for Stockbridge, and in 1826 he was returned for Preston. In the Canning 
 and Goderich administrations he was Under Secretary for the Colonies, then 
 he became Chief Secretary for Ireland, and on seeking re-election at Preston 
 Was defeated by Henry Hunt, but he found a seat at Windsor. After being 
 seven years in opposition he became, in 1841, Colonial Secretary, and was sum- 
 moned to the House of Lords as Baron Stanley of Bickerstaffe, in September, 
 1814. On Sir R. Peel proposing the repeal of the Corn Laws, Lord Stanley 
 retired from the Cabinet, and in 1S46 appeared as head of the Protectionist 
 party. In 1851 he became Earl of Derby, and in February, 1852, he became 
 Prime Minister. The same year he resigned, and was leader of the Opposition 
 until February, 185S, when he formed his second administration, but resigned 
 June 11, 1859. In 1866 he again became Premier, and with Mr. Disraeli passed 
 the Reform Bill of 1867. In February, 186S, Lord Derby resigned his office and 
 retired into private life. During the Cotton Famine Lord Derby was chairman 
 of the Central Relief Committee. His translation of Homer appeared in 1867. 
 
 Sir John lies Mantell, stipendiary magistrate of the Salford Hundred, took 
 the usual oaths, and qualified as justice for the county, at the Salford Hundred 
 Sessions, October 25. 
 
 Mr. Robert Barnes, formerly mayor of Manchester, presented the trustees 
 of the Royal Infirmary with the sum of £10,000. October. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Munroe, of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, Grosvenor 
 Square, died November 1, aged 73 years. He was for thirty-seven years 
 connected with the Grosvenor Square Scotch Church congregation. 
 
 The Union Chapel, Oxford Road, opened November 15, the Rev. 
 Alexander M'Laren minister. The building is in the Lombardo-Gothic style 
 of architecture, and will accommodate about one thousand three hundred 
 persons. 
 
 St. Stephen's Church, Hulme, was consecrated December IS, by Bishop Lee. 
 
 The Right Rev. James Prince Lee, D.D., first Bishop of Manchester, died at 
 Mauldeth Hall, Burnage, December 24, aged 65 years. He was the son of Mr. 
 Stephen Lee, secretary and librarian to the Royal Society. He was born in 
 1804, and received his education at St. Paul's School, and afterwards at Trinity 
 College, Cambridge, where he obtained a Craven scholarship, and subsequently 
 became a fellow of his college. He graduated B.A. in high honours in 1828, 
 and took his M.A. degree in 1831. At Cambridge, as in earlier youth, he greatly 
 distinguished himself by his classical attainments ; but in mathematics he was 
 less successful, and this characteristic inequality of mental power seems to 
 have remained with him through life. His memory for and command of 
 language was always conspicuous, and it was to the circumstance of his 
 being one of the best Greek scholars of his time that he owed the attainment 
 of a fellowship of Trinity College. In 1830 he married the daughter of Mr. 
 George Penrice, and in that year he became an assistant master at Rugby
 
 1870] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 321 
 
 School, under the late Dr. Arnold. After spending eight years at Rugby, Dr. 
 Lee was appointed to the head mastership of King Edward's Grammar School, 
 at Birmingham, which he held for ten years, quitting it only on his elevation 
 to the episcopate. In September, 1847, when the see of Manchester was created, 
 and the Collegiate Church elevated to the rank of a cathedral, the premier 
 selected Dr. Lee to be the first Bishop of Manchester. He was nominated to 
 the see on October 23, 1847, elected on November 17, and the royal assent to the 
 election followed on December 13. The election was confirmed on January 11, 
 184S, and on the 23rd of the same month the Bishop was consecrated at 
 Whitehall, the officiating prelates being the Archbishop of York and the 
 Bishops of Chester and Worcester. During his twenty-one years' occupancy 
 of the see, the bishop was noted for the attention he paid to the business of the 
 diocese. From the formation of the diocese down to his lordship's death nearly 
 one hundred and thirty churches were consecrated by him, providing between 
 eighty and ninety thousand sittings, a large proportion of which were free. The 
 sum which had been expended in this work up to the close of 186S amounted to 
 £421,800, exclusive of endowments and cost of sites. During the same period 
 of time seventeen churches had been built and consecrated in lieu of former 
 churches, at a cost of £57,000, exclusive of the value of sites, and a large 
 number of new district parishes and ecclesiastical districts had been formed. 
 At the close of 18G8 Dr. Lee had held sixty-three ordinations, at which he had 
 ordained four hundred and seventy-one priests and five hundred and twenty- 
 two deacons. Dr. Lee's remains were interred at St. John's Church, Heaton 
 Mersey, December 31. His library was bequeathed to the Owens College. Some 
 uncharitable references, in his will, to a daughter caused a painful sensation. 
 
 Mr. Edward Hooson died December 11, in his forty-fifth year. He was 
 president of the Lancashire Reform League, and a well-known political leader 
 of the working classes. 
 
 Alderman Thomas Dilworth Crewdson died at Baden, in Germany, 
 December 12, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. Mr. Crewdson had been a 
 member of the Manchester Board of Guardians about twenty-five years, and 
 was for above thirty years treasurer of the City Mission. He was also a county 
 and city magistrate. He was a man of refined culture and literary tastes, and 
 for several years had been a member of the Rosicrucian Society. 
 
 The foundation stone of St. John the Evangelist's Church, Cheetham Hill, 
 was laid by Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Loyd, of Tillesden, Hawkhurst, 
 Kent. The estimated cost of site and building was £10,000. 
 
 1870. 
 
 Rev. Nicholas Melland Germon died January 17. He was born at Man- 
 chester, May 23, 1828, his father being Rev. N. Germon, of the Free Grammar 
 School, which he entered in 1836, and then finished his education at Oxford. 
 lie was ordained priest in 1S54, and served several curacies, and eventually 
 became Vicar of Newchurch-in-Pendle, where he died. He was author of Plain 
 L'.i />ositio7i of the Nicene Creed : two Sermons preached in St. Peter's Church, 
 Manchester, 1864. (School Register, vol. iii. p. 273.) 
 
 Sir John Bowring, LL.D., F.R.S., &c, visited Manchester, January 27.
 
 322 Annals of Manchester. [1270 
 
 The Rev. James Fraser, M.A., having been presented by the Crown to the 
 bishopric of Manchester, was elected by the Dean and Chapter, January 31. 
 
 Lycurgus, Archbishop of Syra, Tenos, and Milos, visited Manchester, 
 February 5, and preached on the following day at the Greek Church, Higher 
 Broughton. 
 
 A farewell reading by Charles Dickens given in the Free Trade Hall, Feb. 6. 
 "After," says Dolby, "we had passed an enjoyable and quiet Sunday at the 
 Queen's Hotel, Manchester, and as by a wonderful circumstance it did not rain, 
 we drove to Alderley Edge, the fresh air reviving the chief wonderfully." 
 (Charles Dickens as I Knew Him, p. 393.) On their return a telegram was 
 waiting announcing the death of Dickens's friend, Sir James Emerson Tennant. 
 The Rev. James Fraser, D.D., consecrated Bishop of Manchester, March 25, 
 at the Manchester Cathedral, by the Archbishop of York and the Bishops of 
 Chester and Ripon. 
 
 An attempt was made, April 30, to blow up the house of Mr. Edward John- 
 son, at Levenshulme, and at the same time it was found that his timber-yard 
 in Chapel Street was on fire. This was supposed to be the work of trade 
 unionists, to whom Mr. Johnson was obnoxious as a maker of machine-bricks. 
 The occurrence led to a debate in the City Council and to a question in the 
 House of Commons. 
 
 Mr. Peter Joynson died at the residence of his son, Taurogo House, Aber- 
 gele, May 5, aged 82. Mr. Joynson was the senior member of the Manchester 
 Royal Exchange, and his recollections of the city extended as far back as the 
 period when there was only one carriage and pair to be seen in our streets. 
 
 The foundation stone of Holt Town Ragged School was laid May 28, by Mr. 
 George Bedson. The building accommodates 500 scholars, and the estimated 
 cost was £900. 
 
 Rev. George Henry Greville Anson, M.A., admitted archdeacon of Man- 
 chester, May 30. 
 
 The schools adjoining Richmond Congregational Church, Broughton Road, 
 Salford, were opened June 3. The building contains a lecture-hall and ten 
 class-rooms, and also a commodious and well-ventilated room for the infant 
 class, and cost £3,500. 
 
 The annual procession of scholars, teachers, and friends connected with the 
 Church of England Sunday schools, June 4. The number of children who took 
 part in the procession was 15,167. 
 
 General S. F. Cary, whilst on a visit to Manchester, was initiated as a 
 Rechabite, June 4, at the Trevelyan Hotel. 
 
 The Co-operative Congress was held June 6, 7, and 8, at the Memorial 
 Hall. Mr. Walter Morrison, the president, occupied the chair on the first day, 
 and was succeeded by Rev. W. N. Molesworth, Mr. J. T. Hibbert, and Mr. 
 Lloyd Jones. 
 
 Mr. James Bennett died at Brighton, June 10. He was a native of 
 Manchester, being born within the precincts of the " Old Church," of which he 
 became a chorister. He went to London, where he attracted some notice, and 
 thence to Italy to complete his musical training. He was professor of singing 
 at the Royal Academy of Music, and a gentleman of the Chapel Royal. He 
 wrote A Practical Introduction to Part and Sight Singing, London 1843,
 
 i8;o] Annals of Manchester. 323 
 
 and Elementary Exercises for the Cultivation of the Voice, London (folio). He 
 was the first producer of Rossini's Stabat Mater. 
 
 Baboo Keshub Chunder Sen, the Hindoo reformer, addressed a meeting in 
 the Free Trade Hall, June 24. Mr. Edward Hardcastle, presided. Many 
 clergymen of the Established Church were present ; and nearly every body of 
 Protestant Dissenters was represented. The subject of Sen's address was 
 the mission of the Brahmo Somaj and the condition of India generally. On 
 June 25th he was entertained by the United Kingdom Alliance at the Trevelyan 
 Hotel, and on the 26th preached at the Unitarian Free Church, Strangeways. 
 
 Mr. W. T. Blacklock died at Hope Field, Eccles, 29th June. He was a 
 member of the firm of Messrs. Bradshaw and Blacklock. His death, which 
 was sudden, occurred on the morning of the marriage of his second daughter. 
 He was a director and one of the largest shareholders in the Lancashire and 
 Yorkshire Railway Company. He was a magistrate for the county, and took 
 an active part in the administration of its magisterial business. He also took 
 a prominent part in the various charitable and religious institutions in 
 Manchester, being treasurer of the local branch of the British and Foreign 
 Bible Society, the Religious Tract Society, and of the Clinical Hospital ; and 
 our city missions and ragged schools lost by his death a good friend. 
 
 The Wesleyan Chapel, Regent Road, Salford,was opened June 30. This 
 chapel, which was built from the designs of Mr. Webster, architect, will seat 
 850 worshippers. The estimated cost was £4,000. 
 
 The Excelsior Printing and Bookbinding Works, Hulme Hall Road, was 
 opened July 4. This establishment, the property of Mr. John Heywood, 
 publisher of this work, is one of the largest of the kind in the provinces, 
 and employs upwards of 750 individuals. 
 
 33 and 34 Victoria, cap. 2. Act for the Extension of the Owens College, 
 Manchester, and other purposes, 4th July. 
 
 33 and 34 Victoria, cap. 129. Act for amending [and^extending the pro- 
 visions of the Acts relating to the Borough of Salford, for authorising certain 
 street improvements, and for other purposes, 14th July. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Dukinfield Darbishire died 5th August, aged 74 years. He 
 was one of the founders of the Manchester Athenaeum, and of Manchester 
 New College. He was Councillor for All Saints' Ward in the first Town 
 Council. On retiring from practice as a solicitor he settled at Pendyffryn, 
 Carnarvonshire, of which county he was High Sheriff in 1855. (Baker's 
 Memorials, p. 114.) 
 
 The Alexandra Park at Moss Side was opened August 6th. It has an area 
 of 62 acres. 
 
 Rev. John Livesey, M.A., died at Sheffield, August 11. He was born at 
 Ardwick, May 17th, 1803, his father being Mr. John Livesey, a warehouseman. 
 He entered the Manchester Grammar School in 1819, graduated at St. John's 
 College, Cambridge— B.A. 1827, M.A. 1830. He was ordained deacon and was 
 curate at Trinity Church, Cambridge; in 1828 he was ordained priest. He 
 became incumbent of St. Philip's Church, Sheffield, in 1831, and held that 
 position until his death. He was author of several pamphlets and sermons. 
 {School Register, vol. iii. p. 142.) 
 
 The wife of Patrick Durr, an Irish labourer, was murdered by her husband,
 
 324 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1870 
 
 in Brighton Street, Red Bank, August 18. The murder was accomplished by 
 strangulation, which was effected with a cord about three feet in length. The 
 crime was witnessed by a son, a boy of 14, whose testimony was the chief 
 evidence. 
 
 The Growler, No. 1, Saturday, August 27th. "Owing to constitutional 
 weakness no further growls were emitted." No. 2 never appeared. 
 
 Miss Eleanora Atherton, of Kersal Cell and Quay Street, died September 
 12, in the 89th year of her age. Miss Atherton was a descendant of the 
 Byrom family. She was a large contributor to the various charitable and 
 religious institutions in Manchester. Holy Trinity Church, Stretford Road, 
 was built at her sole cost. 
 
 St. James the Less, Little Newton Street, Ancoats, was consecrated 
 September 21. Mr. T. Risley was the architect. Sittings 750. Cost £2,800. 
 
 The foundation stone of the new buildings of the Owens College was laid 
 by the Duke of Devonshire, September 23. The college is to accommodate 600 
 day students, in addition to the evening classes. The sum of £100,000 was 
 placed at the disposal of the committee, £67,000 of which was available for the 
 erection of the building. The building and site were estimated to cost £90,000. 
 Mr. A Waterhouse was the architect. 
 
 Mr. Jeremiah Garnett died at Sale, September 27, in the 77th year of his 
 age. Mr. Garnett was born October 2, 1793, at Wharfeside, Otley, the residence 
 of his father, Mr. William Garnett, who was a paper manufacturer of that 
 place. He came to Manchester about 1814, and formed his first connection 
 with the newspaper world by entering the office of Wheeler's Chronicle, and 
 in 1821 he transferred his services to the 'Manchester Guardian, which was 
 • commenced in that year. He was commissioner of police under the old 
 government of Manchester, and co-operated actively, in bringing about the 
 incorporation of the town in 1838. In January, 1844, he was elected as 
 councillor for St. Ann's Ward, filling up £he vacancy caused by the death of 
 his partner, Mr. John Edward ; Taylor. Mr. Garnett, however, only acted for 
 the remainder of Mr. Taylor's term of office, which expired on November 1, 
 1S15. Mr. Garnett succeeded to a leading share in the direction of the 
 Manchester Guardian on the decease of his partner, the original founder and 
 editor of the paper, in January, 1844. Little more than four years later, the 
 early death of Mr. Russell ScottlTaylor left the editorship-in-chief exclusively 
 in his hands. He finally retired from 1 ; all active duties in connection with his 
 office at the beginning of 1861. (Manchester City News, October 1, 1870; 
 Sphinx, vol. iii. p. 349.) 
 
 The Queen's Theatre, Bridge Street, opened November 5, with a new play, 
 entitled "Insured at Lloyd's." 
 
 A branch Free Library, in Greengate, Salford, opened November 7. This 
 branch was the first offshoot of the Peel Park Library. The building contract, 
 including fixtures, was £1,308. 
 
 The election of a School Board for Manchester, to carry out the provisions 
 of the Education Act in the city, took place November 24. There were forty- 
 four candidates for the fifteen seats. At the first meeting Mr. Herbert Birley 
 was elected Chairman. 
 
 The first election of the School Board for Salford took place November 30.
 
 1870] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 325 
 
 There were twenty-four candidates for the fifteen seats. At the first meeting 
 Mr. Herbert Birley was elected Chairman. 
 
 The schools in connection with Salem Chapel, Strangeways (Methodist New 
 Connexion), were completed in November. The cost was £2,600. 
 
 Mr. John Sudlow died, December 4, at New Holme, Whalley Range, aged 
 50. He was a member of the firm of Messrs. Ainsworth, Crossley, & Sudlow, 
 and was Churchwarden of Manchester in 1861, 1862, and 1863. He was a 
 prominent Conservative, and took an active part in the elections for South 
 Lancashire. 
 
 On December 19 a banquet was given at the Clarence Hotel, Manchester, to 
 Mr. James Ashbury, whose yacht Cambria won the ocean race across the 
 Atlantic against the Dauntless. Dr. Peter Royle presided, and upwards of 
 eighty gentlemen were present. 
 
 Alderman William Harvey, of Salford, died December 24, aged 83. He was 
 at one time a partner with his cousin, Mr. Joseph Brotherton, M.P. He had 
 been an active member of the Anti-Corn Law League, was president of the 
 Vegetarian Society, and chairman of the Executive Council of the United 
 Kingdom Alliance. He was Mayor of Salford in 1857-8 and 1858-9. 
 
 At the City Coroner's Court, held December 27, no fewer than eleven cases 
 were investigated. Verdicts of "Accidental death" were returned in each case. 
 Mr. George Wilson, chairman of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway 
 Company, died suddenly in a railway carriage, whilst on his way to Liverpool, 
 December 29. Mr. Wilson was a native of Hathersage, where he was born in 
 April, 1808. His father, who was a corn miller, removed to Manchester in 
 1813, where the son was eventually apprenticed to a corn merchant. Subse- 
 quently Mr. Wilson became a manufacturer of starch and gum, but this 
 business not proving successful, he relinquished it, and devoted his attention 
 to the management of telegraphs and railways. Mr. Wilson entered public life 
 at a very early age, and at the first Parliamentary election, in 1832, played a 
 very prominent part. The return of Mr. Charles Poulett Thomson, in con- 
 junction with Mr. Mark Philips, is said to have been largely due to Mr. 
 Wilson's exertions. His next efforts were directed to the work of obtaining a 
 charter of incorporation for Manchester, and Mr. Wilson, as one of the first- 
 elected councillors, represented St. Michael's Ward in the Town Council from 
 1839 to 1842. Before his municipal term of office terminated, his connect ion 
 with the Free Trade agitation had commenced, and in 1811 he was elected 
 chairman of the Anti-Corn-Law League, a position he occupied until the 
 repeal of the Corn Laws and the dissolution of the association in 1816. As an 
 evidence of his activity in this capacity, it is stated that he attended no fewer 
 than 1,361 meetings in various parts of the country ; and, as a reward fur Ins 
 services, a testimonial of £10,000 was presented to him. His chief energies after 
 the repeal of the Corn Laws were devoted to the electoral affairs of the, city 
 and county, and to the organisation and labours of the National Reform Union, 
 of which association he was the chairman. lie was the chairman of the Man- 
 chester Board of Directors of the Electric Telegraph Company, and was largely 
 instrumental in the development of the telegraph system in this part of the 
 country. lie was buried at Ardwick Cemetery, January 2, 1871. 
 
 Mr. Richard Parker, clerk to the Prestwich Board of Guardians, died
 
 326 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1871 
 
 December 31, aged 55 years. Mr. Parker acted for some years as a relieving 
 officer in the Manchester Poor Law Union. He is buried at St. Mark's Church. 
 
 The masons' strike, which lasted for thirteen months, came to an end by 
 the submission of the men. 
 
 A great fire in Barrack Street, Chester Road, Hulme, caused damage which 
 was estimated at £10,000. 
 
 1871. 
 
 Miss Woodiwis, daughter of Mr. Francis Woodiwis, died January 2. She 
 is said to have increased her fortune from £100,000 to £250,000 by her penu- 
 riousness. Her father left her £100,000 about 1830. He was a currier in Fennel 
 Street. A gentleman bought some leather from him, and, requesting to have 
 the parcel sent to his office, laid down twopence for the person who took it. 
 The old boy said very quietly " I'm not busy just now, so I'll take it myself," 
 which he did, and coolly pocketed the twopence. 
 
 Mr. Christopher Temple, Q.C., judge of the Salford County Court Circuit, 
 died January 23, aged 85. 
 
 Mr. David Morris, F.G.S., died January 27, aged 51. He was a member of 
 the Salford Town Council, and distinguished by his zealous efforts for popular 
 education. He is buried at Ardwick Cemetery. 
 
 Rev. J. C. Paterson, M.A., died February 3, aged 45. He was minister of 
 St. Andrew's Free (Presbyterian) Church, Oxford Road. 
 
 Lion, the "Salford Fire Dog," died in January. He saved several lives, and 
 was a great favourite with the firemen. In December, 1863, the members of 
 the brigade presented him with a collar, on which was engraved — 
 " When duty calls I must obey, so onward let me jog ; 
 For my name is Lion, the Salford firemen's dog." 
 Lion attended three hundred and thirty-two fires. (City News, February 4, 
 1871.) 
 
 A fire at the cotton mill of Messrs. Shaw, Jardine, and Co., in Elizabeth 
 Street, Butler Street, February 4, is estimated to have caused damage to the 
 extent of between £50,000 and £60,000. 
 
 Mr. John Drummond Morton, secretary to the National Reform Union, 
 died at Sale Moor, February 9. He was born at Manchester in 1830, and edited 
 the Manchester Review, 1858, and wrote critical and political essays. He is 
 buried at Salford Cemetery. 
 
 Sir Charles Shaw died Feruary 22. Sir Charles was born in 1795, and 
 entering the army, served in Spain and Belgium, and was at the battle of 
 Waterloo. In 1831 he joined the liberating army of Portugal in the Azores, 
 and commanded a regiment during the whole of the civil war in Portugal. In 
 1S35 he was appointed Brigadier-General of the British Auxiliary Legion in 
 Spain. In 1839 he was appointed by the Government as Chief Commissioner of 
 Police in Manchester and Bolton, a position which he held till 1842. He was 
 knighted in 1838, and was also a Knight Commander of the Portuguese Order 
 of the Tower and Sword, and Knight Commander of San Fernando of Spain. 
 
 Mr. Charles Davelin, or Davlin, died at Bolton in February. He was born 
 at Carlisle about 1793, and was a handloom weaver. He wrote Gilbart, a poem 
 on the evils of intemperance, published at Preston by Joseph Livesey in 1838,
 
 1871] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 327 
 
 and The Democrat, which was dedicated to Fergus O'Connor. (Temperance 
 Spectator, 1866; Lithgow's Life of J. C. Prince, p. 113 ; Papers of the Man- 
 chester Literary Club, vol. v., p. 265.) 
 
 A curious incident occurred at the Manchester Assizes, March 9. Mr. 
 W. T. Charley, then M.P. for Salford, wrote a letter to the newspapers 
 reflecting upon the verdict of the jury in a case tried on March 7. Mr. Justice 
 Willes having called him into court he apologised and withdrew the letter. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Agnew died March 24, at his house, Fairhope, Eccles, aged 76 
 years. He was born at Liverpool in 1794, and was a fellow-student of Gibson 
 the sculptor. He came to Manchester at the age of fifteen, and entered the shop 
 of Zanetti, the picture dealer, and in 1816 became a partner. The fame of the 
 house of Agnew is known wherever there are British artists. He was for many 
 years a member of the Salford Corporation, and was mayor at the time of the 
 Queen's visit in 1851 to Peel Park and its Museum, of which he was one of the 
 principal promoters. He was greatly interested in Sunday schools, and took 
 an active part in the establishment of day schools, those in connection'with the 
 Bolton Street Swedenborgian Temple being the first of their kind in Salford. 
 He was an ardent disciple of Swedenborg. A notice of his services to the art 
 world is given in the Art Journal for 1861. (See also notice in Intellectual 
 Repository, May 1871, vol. xviii., p. 253, and the Dawn, April 14, 1884.) There 
 is a portrait of him in the Peel Park Museum. 
 
 A new Roman Catholic Church, dedicated to the Patronage of St. Joseph, 
 and situated in Craven Street West, Regent Road, Salford, was opened on 
 Sunday, March 26, by Bishop Turner. The building is in the Gothic style, and 
 is constructed of red bricks with stone dressings. It will accommodate about 
 one thousand persons, and cost about £1,200. 
 
 A meeting was held, March 29, in the Mayor's Parlour, for the establishment 
 of a " National Union for the Suppression of Intemperance," but the proposal 
 was rejected because the ground was already occupied. (See under date 
 December 18.) It was, however, started, and a periodical, The National Union 
 Chronicle, founded as its organ. 
 
 Mr. Robert Scarr Sowler, Q.C., died at Stand, near Manchester, April 23, 
 aged 56 years. Mr. Sowler was called to the bar in 1842, was called within the 
 bar of the County Palatine of Lancaster in 1858, and was made full Q.C. in 1S66. 
 In the same year he became one of the Masters of the Bench of the Middle 
 Temple. Mr. Sowler was one of the counsel for the prosecution of the Fenians 
 at the special commission held in Manchester in 1867. He was formerly very 
 active in the political controversies of the North of England, not only as a 
 political speaker in the Conservative cause, but as editor for many years of the 
 Manchester Courier. He was the eldest son of Mr. Thomas Sowler, founder of 
 that journal. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Cheesborough Dyer died May 3. He was born at Stonnington 
 Point, a small town in Connecticut, November 15, 1780, and at an early age 
 showed mechanical aptitude. He made his first visit to Manchester in 1 
 but did not settle there until 1816. He was one of the founders of the ISorth 
 American Review. He was concerned in patents for the carding engine in 
 1811; the roving frame in 1825; and a great variety of other inventions He 
 an ardent political reformer, and in 1830 was one of the deputation
 
 328 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1871 
 
 appointed to take the contributions of Manchester to the wounded in the French 
 Revolution of July. In 1832 he established machine-works at Gamaches, Somme, 
 which ultimately resulted in a loss of £120,000. He was one of the original 
 promoters of the Manchester Guardian and of the Bank of Manchester. When 
 the bank failed, Dyer estimated his loss at £96,000. In 1839 he built Mauldeth 
 Hall, but after his great losses sold it and lived at Burnage with his two sons, 
 Frederick N. Dyer, author of The Slave Girl, and Wilson Dyer, the artist, who 
 died in 1867. J. C. Dyer was the friend of Fulton, and one of his contributions 
 to the Literary and Philosophical Society is an interesting paper on the 
 " Introduction of Steam Navigation." (Smith's Centenary, p. 298.) 
 
 Early in the year the temperance order of the Free Templars of St. John 
 was introduced to the city. A demonstration was held May 13. Con- 
 ferences were held with a yiew to union with the Independent Order of 
 Good Templars. This was accomplished. (Winskill's Temperance Reforma- 
 tion, p. 479.) 
 
 Sir Oswald Mosley, second baronet and last lord of the manor, died May 25. 
 He was educated at Rugby and Oxford, where he was a gentleman commoner 
 of Brazenose College, and took the M.A. degree in 1806. He was elected M.P. 
 for Portarlington 1806, Winchilsea 1807, Midhurst 1816. After the Reform Bill 
 he sat for North Staffordshire, 1832-37. He wrote A Short Account of the 
 British Church, The History of Tutbury, and Family Memoirs. He had 9 
 strong interest in natural history, and contributed some interesting papers 
 to the Zoologist. In 1845 he sold the manorial rights to the Corporation of 
 Manchester for the sum of £200,000. (Mosley's Family Memoirs; Axon's 
 Lancashire Gleanings.) 
 
 The number of children who took part in the annual procession of Church 
 of England Sunday Schools was 15,609, May 29. 
 
 The foundation stone of the new schools for St. George's Church, Chester 
 Road, Hulme, was laid by the Bishop of Manchester, May 31. The schools 
 accommodate upwards of one thousand children, and the cost was estimated at 
 £4,000. Lord Egerton subscribed £1,000 towards their erection, and the Bridge- 
 water trustees made a grant of the site upon which the schools were erected. 
 Mr. A. Darby shire was the architect. 
 
 The corner stone of the Manchester Abattoirs and Dead Meat Market, 
 Water Street, was laid by the mayor, Alderman Grave, June 8. 
 
 A destructive fire at Messrs. McConnel's mill, in Jersey Street, June 24, 
 caused damage to the extent of £100,000, and also resulted in the death of a 
 stoker named Hartley Braithwaite, whose hand was cut whilst assisting the 
 firemen, and who died from exhaustion caused by loss of blood. 
 
 The Religious Institute, Corporation Street, was opened June 28. This 
 building was erected for the use of the Bible Society, the Religious Tract 
 Society, and the City Mission. The cost of the site, £3,100, was raised by public 
 subscription, whilst that of the building, £4,000, was entirely borne by Mr. 
 John Fernley. 
 
 34 and 35 Victoria. Act for enabling the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of 
 the city of Manchester to acquire additional lands, to raise further moneys, 
 and for other purposes. June 29. 
 
 34 and 35 Victoria, cap. 110. Act to confer additional power upon the
 
 1871] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 329 
 
 Corporation of Salford in reference to the drainage and improvement of the 
 borough, and for other purposes. July 13. 
 
 Mr. Charles F. Anthony died July 21, in his 68th year. He was the oldest 
 professor of music in the city, and acted as musical critic for many years. He 
 was a native of Birmingham. 
 
 The one hundred and twenty-eighth Conference of the Wesleyan Methodist 
 Connexion was held in the Wesleyan Chapel, Oldham Street, Manchester, and 
 began July 26. The Rev. John H. James, D.D., was elected president. At the 
 sessions of July 29 and 31 the case of Rev. Thomas Hughes was under dis- 
 cussion, and he was not reappointed, but placed on the list of supernumeraries, 
 for publishing a book in which he called in question the rule making "class- 
 membership " the basis of Blethodist communion. 
 
 Dom Pedro II., Emperor of Brazil, visited Manchester, July 27. 
 
 The foundation stone of the Barnes Convalescent Home, the munificent 
 gift of Robert Barnes, Esq., was laid July 29, by Mr. Hugh Birley, M.P., the 
 treasurer to the Royal Infirmary. The Bishop of Manchester had prepared a 
 special service for and officiated at the stone-laying. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Fox died at Manchester, August 10. He was born at Leeds, 
 July 2, 1793, and was Independent minister at Bolton, 1818-26, and author of 
 Four Sermons on Christian Duties, Bolton, 1824; Lecture on Modern 
 Soclnianism, delivered in Duke's Alley Chapel, Bolton, 1S24. 
 
 The Church of St. John the Evangelist, Cheetham Hill, was consecrated by 
 Bishop Fraser, August 10. The architects were Paley and Austin, and the 
 cost of erection £12,000. 
 
 Mr. Henry Blacklock died at his residence, Park House, Didsbury, August 
 19, aged 52. Mr. Blacklock was the only surviving partner of the firm of 
 Bradshaw and Blacklock, the publishers of Bradshaiv's Eailicay Guide. 
 
 Mr. Stephen Heelis, solicitor, and for some time Mayor of Salford, died at 
 his residence, Grasmere, August 26, in the 70th year of his age. Mr. Heelis 
 was an active politician on the Conservative side, and for many years a leading 
 member of the Salford Corporation. During the second year of his mayoralty 
 Salford was honoured with two royal visits, on one of which occasions the 
 honour of knighthood was offered to him, but which he declined from private 
 considerations. He was one of the founders of the Law Association, of which 
 he was president in 1843, and again in 1867. Various local institutions and 
 charities had the benefit of Mr. Heelis's professional assistance, and he was a 
 subscriber to many. He took a leading part in the formation of the Salford 
 Volunteer Corps, to whose funds, in the early period of its existence, he 
 liberally subscribed. In private life he was highly esteemed. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Ballantyne died at London in September. He was born at 
 Paisley in 1806, but was for a time a resident journalist connected with the 
 Manchester Examiner. He wrote the Corn-Law Repealer's Handbook, 1S41 ; 
 Essays in Mosaic, &c. He was originally a w caver. 
 
 The Co-oj)erative News began September 2. Its first editor was Mr. 
 Walker, afterwards the Rev. Robert Bailey Walker. He was succeeded as 
 editor by Mr. J. C. Farn, and he in turn by Mr. S. Bamford. 
 
 The Reform Club, King Street, was opened with groat eclat October 19. 
 There was a dinner at the clubhouse, to which 240 gentlemen sat down. A
 
 330 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 ri87i 
 
 banquet was also held in the Free Trade Hall. Earl Granville presided on both 
 occasions. There were several noblemen, M.P.'s, and local influential gentle- 
 men present on the occasion. 
 
 At the General Council Meeting of the United Kingdom Alliance, October 
 17, it was decided to raise a guarantee fund of £100,000, for the next five years' 
 work. 
 
 Rev. Patrick Thomson, M.A., died November 8. He was born at Lochel, 
 near Dundee. His father was the Rev. Alexander Thomson. Patrick Thomson 
 entered Marischal College, Aberdeen, and in his 18th year took the degree of 
 M.A. In 1830 he settled as nNinister of Newington Chapel, Liverpool. In 1832 
 he removed to Edmonton, near London, and shortly afterwards to Chatham. 
 In 1851 he became minister of Grosvenor Street Chapel, and remained here 
 until 1865, when he again removed this time to Bristol. He was afterwards 
 minister at Leominster and Rochester. His publications were mostly sermons, 
 but in 1850 he published a volume entitled The Soul: its Nature and Destinies. 
 
 Mr. John Higson died at Lees, December 13. He was born at Gorton, July 
 25, 1825, and was author of the Gorton Historical Recorder, 1852, the History 
 of Droylsden, 1859, and many topographical articles in local papers. 
 
 A conference of temperance reformers was held December 18 at the 
 Waste Dealers' Exchange, when resolutions were passed condemnatory of the 
 " National Union for the Suppression of Intemperance." 
 
 Mr. Robert Barnes died at Fallowfield, December 25. He was born in Man- 
 chester in 1800, and was intended for the bar, but instead entered into partner- 
 ship with his brother Thomas as cotton spinners. Having realised a fortune, 
 he bought Harefield, Herts, and went to reside there, but returned to Man- 
 chester, where he devoted himself to works of charity. In 1848 he was elected 
 a member of the Corporation, and in 1851 was mayor. He retired from the 
 City Council in 1857. The Barnes Home, the Barnes Samaritan Charity need 
 only be named as proofs of the liberality of this merchant prince. Mr. Barnes 
 was a Wesleyan, but his only son, a young man of great promise, died whilst 
 preparing for Anglican orders. His daughter inherited the benevolence as. 
 well as the wealth of her father. 
 
 The Greenheys Congregational Church formed. A building in Wood Street, 
 erected for the services of the Church of England, was purchased by Mr. 
 Woodward, and used for several years as a school and preaching room, under 
 the care of Chorlton Road Church. Mr. Woodward presented the Wood Street 
 School to trustees, together with additional land, upon which a new church 
 was built by subscription, the foundation stone being laid by Sir James Watts, 
 on February 26, 1870. The new church cost £4,000, and was opened for public 
 worship on December 7, 1870, under the pastoral care of the Rev. Wm. Scott, 
 now of Ipswich. It became a separate church by resolution of the members 
 of Chorlton Road Church, passed on the 28th June, 1871, on the application of 
 ninety-five members, then worshipping at the new church in Greenhill 
 Street. 
 
 The populations of the Municipal and Parliamentary Boroughs of Man- 
 chester at the eighth census were respectively 355,655 and 383,843; those of 
 Salford, 124,805 and 124,801. 
 
 Elder Frederick William Evans lectured at the Temperance Hall, Grosvenor
 
 1872] Annals of Manchester. 331 
 
 Street, on the " American Shakers," amongst whom he was a representative 
 man. The sect was founded by Ann Lee, the Manchester prophetess. 
 
 Rev. Robert Moffatt, the African missionary, was present at a meeting of 
 the London Missionary Society in the Free Trade Hall. He referred, in speaking, 
 to the fact that it was from Manchester he was sent into the mission field. 
 
 Mr. Edward Herford, coroner for Manchester, and Dr. E. J. Syson, medical 
 officer for Salford, gave evidence, June 12, before a select committee of the 
 House of Commons as to the nature and extent of "baby-farming" in their 
 districts. They were both of opinion that criminal practices of the Waters 
 type did not prevail. Subsequently Mr. Herford gave evidence as to the use of 
 opiates in drugging children to sleep. 
 
 Lord Justice James delivered judgment on appeal in the action "Roskellv. 
 Whitworth," in which it was sought to restrain Sir Joseph Whitworth from 
 using the steam-hammer at his works in Chorlton Street in such a manner as 
 to cause a nuisance to the clergy of St. Augustine's Church, Granby Row. An 
 injunction was granted against Sir Joseph Whitworth. 
 
 1872. 
 
 A storm of unusual violence occurred in Manchester and neighbourhood, 
 January 4. The wind blew with great violence and hail fell heavily. Light- 
 ning and thunder followed, the flashes succeeding each other with great 
 rapidity and were very vivid. St. Mary's Church, Higher Crumpsall, was 
 struck by the electric fluid, and the entire of the internal portion of the sacred 
 edifice was thereby reduced to a shapeless mass of debris. The damage was 
 estimated at about £2,500, which was covered by insurance. 
 
 The branch library for Cheetham and adjacent districts— the fifth of the 
 Manchester branches— was opened by the Mayor of Manchester, January 29. 
 
 Rev. Louis Henry Mordacque, M.A., incumbent of Haslingden, died 
 January 30. He was the son of Mr. L. A. J. Mordacque, of Manchester, and 
 was born May 10, 1824. He was the translator of Salverte's History of Names, 
 1862-4, in 2 vols. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel G. E. Brown-Westhead, of the 31st Regiment, died at 
 Malvern Wells, February 8, aged 42. He was the eldest son of Mr. J. P. Brown- 
 Westhead, M.P., and distinguished himself in the Crimea. 
 
 Mr. Martin Schunck died, February 22. He was the son of Herr Karl 
 Schunck, a major in the army of Hesse, and was born at Schluchtern, 
 November 11, 1789, but settled in Manchester in 1808, where he resided during 
 the remainder of his life, and was a successful merchant. 
 
 Rev. George John Ficcope, M.A., died at Yarwell, Northamptor. shire, 
 February 22. He was born at Manchester, 1818, where his father was rector of 
 St. Paul's Church ; entered the Grammar School, 1832, and proceeded to Oxford, 
 where he graduated B.A. 1842 and M.A. 1845. From 1849 to 18G4 he was curate 
 of Brindle ; in that year he was preferred to the curacy of Yarwell, of which 
 he had sole charge until his death. He was editor of three vols, of Lancashire 
 and Cheshire Wills and Inventories for Chetham Society. He was a zealous 
 antiquary. His various MS. collections were presented to Chetham Society. 
 (School Register, vol. iii. p. 241.) 
 
 A special thanksgiving service for the recovery of the Prince of Wales was
 
 332 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1872 
 
 held in the Cathedral, February 26. A sermon was preached by the Bishop of 
 Manchester ; and the military forming the garrison, together with the various 
 regiments of volunteers, attended the service. Special thanksgiving services 
 were also held in several of the district churches throughout the city and 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 Mr. Charles Samuel Simms died, February 27, at Higher Broughton. He 
 was born at Bath, January 17, 1809, and educated at the Grammar School of 
 that town. Be began business at Wigan as a printer and bookseller, and the 
 editions for private circulation of the Lives of the Lindsays and other writings 
 of the late Earl of Crawford and Balcarres were printed by him. Mr. Simms 
 settled in Manchester, where he printed the publications of the Chetham and 
 Spenser Societies. He was the author of a Translation of the First Book of 
 Homer's Iliad (1866), and of a volume of verse entitled Footprints (1861), both 
 of which were printed for private circulation. A biographical notice, written 
 by Mr. James Crossley, appeared in the Manchester Courier, March 2. 
 
 A serious fire occurred in Allen's Buildings, Victoria Street, March 10. 
 Great damage was done to property belonging to various parties carrying on 
 business in the premises, amounting in the aggregate to about £15,000. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Bamford, the Reformer, and author of the famous Passages 
 from the Life of a Badical, died April 13, aged 84. Samuel Bamford was born 
 at Middleton, February 28, 1788. He learned weaving when a youth, passed a 
 short time as sailor on board a coaster voyaging between London and Shields, 
 was a warehouseman in Manchester, and a weaver again in Middleton. He 
 played a prominent part in the agitation for Parliamentary Reform between 
 1815 and 1819 ; was present as the leader of the Middleton contingent of 
 Reformers at Peterloo ; was tried at York, along with " Orator Hunt" and others, 
 on a charge of "conspiracy to alter the legal frame of government and consti- 
 tution of these realms, and with meeting tumultuously at Manchester ;" was 
 condemned to twelve months' imprisonment in Lincoln Castle ; was afterwards 
 a newspaper reporter for London and district journals ; was seven years 
 (1851-58) a clerk in the Board of Inland Revenue Office at Somerset House ; and, 
 Anally, when seventy years old, settled down at Moston, where he spent the last 
 fourteen years of his life. In addition to his prose writings, Bamford was the 
 author of a small volume of poems, which he modestly entitled Homely Rhymes. 
 He is buried at Middleton Church, where there is a monument to his memory. 
 
 The annual procession of children attending the various Church of England 
 Sunday schools in Manchester numbered 15,443. May 20. 
 
 Mr. William Romaine Callender, J.P., died at his residence, The Elms, 
 Didsbury, May 24, aged 78 years. Mr. Callender was intimately associated 
 with the public affairs of Manchester at the commencement of its history as a 
 municipality. He began life as a draper's assistant, in which capacity he came 
 to Manchester from Birmingham about 1815. After serving two houses as 
 salesman, he was made, in 1822, a partner in one of them. He was subse- 
 quently the founder and senior partner of the firm of Callender, Bickham, and 
 Company, in Mosley Street, and afterwards he took Mr. Dodgshon, and his two 
 sons (Mr. W. Romaine Callender, jun., and Mr. Pope Callender) into partner- 
 ship, and carried on business in Charlotte Street. Under the firm of Callender 
 and Sons he afterwards entered into a large spinning business, and purchased
 
 1872] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 333 
 
 the mills of the late Mr. Robert Barnes, in Jackson Street, London Road, and 
 also the mills of Mr. (afterwards Sir Thomas) Bazley, M.P., near Bolton. Mr. 
 Callender took an active part in local politics and municipal affairs. He was 
 for some years a member of the City Council for St. James's Ward, and was 
 elected as alderman, but resigned that office after holding it for a few 3-ears. 
 In politics he was a Whig or Moderate Liberal, and he was a member of the 
 election committee of Mr. C. Poulett Thomson, who was returned to Parlia- 
 ment in 1832 with Mr. Mark Philips, in the contest against Mr. Loyd, Mr. 
 Hope, and Mr. Cobbett. Subsequently Mr. Callender was identified with the 
 late Mr. Alderman Neild, Mr. Cobden, and Mr. Alexander Kay in the struggle 
 for the incorporation of Manchester, and he was also a member of the com- 
 mittee of the Manchester Reform Association for many years, until it was 
 determined in 1846-47 to bring forward Mr. Bright as candidate for Manchester. 
 Mr. Callender, not approving of Mr. Bright's nomination, left the association, 
 and took no very active part in politics afterwards. He was a liberal subscriber 
 to the principal charities and public institutions of the town, and was a 
 trustee of the Royal Infirmary and the Manchester Grammar School. He was 
 a Congregationalist. 
 
 A destructive fire broke out at the cotton warehouse of Mr. E. Butterworth, 
 Union Street, Ancoats, May 26. The damage was estimatedfat £15,000. 
 
 The Right Hon. B. Disraeli, accompanied by his wife, Viscountess Beacons- 
 field, visited Manchester, April 1. On the following day a demonstration upon 
 an extensive scale took place at Pomona Gardens, where Mr. Disraeli received 
 addresses from 124 of the Lancashire Conservative, Constitutional, and Orange 
 Associations. It was estimated that the number in the great hall was between 
 25,000 and 30,000, and there was another large crowd in the open air numbering 
 probably 10,000 or 15,000 more. On the Wednesday evening a monster meeting 
 was held in the Free Trade Hall, upon which occasion the right hon. gentleman 
 delivered an address. There were upon the platform the Earls of Derby and 
 Ellesmere and 28 members of Parliament, besides a large number of local 
 gentlemen. On the following day Mr. Disraeli received a deputation of 
 factory operatives at the residence of Mr. W. R. Callender, Ashbourne 
 House, Victoria Park, whose guest he was. Mr. Disraeli then visited the Con- 
 servative Club, St. James's Square, where he lunched with about 100 of the 
 members, and subsequently received two deputations. He afterwards visited 
 Peel Park and some of the manufactories of the town. On April 5 he took his 
 departure for London. 
 
 Mr. Charles Allen Duval died, June 14, at Alderley. He was born about 
 1808, and was a portrait painter, and also contributed to tke No7-th of England 
 Magazine, and wrote pamphlets on the American War. 
 
 35 and 30 Victoria. Act for enabling the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of 
 the city of Manchester to make new streets, with a bridge over the river 
 Irwell, and to acquire additional lands for cemetery and other purposes, and 
 for making further provision respecting the borrowing of money by them, and 
 for other purposes. June 27. 
 
 The most disastrous flood which ever visited Manchester and neigh- 
 bourhood occurred July 13. The flood of 1S66 along the banks of the Irwell 
 inflicted probably as great a loss within the limits of its ravages, but on this
 
 334 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1872 
 
 occasion the inundation was more widely extended, and laid a vastly larger 
 tract of country under water. The rainfall of the previous week was enormous, 
 and an ordinary month's rain fell on the 12th and 13th alone. The Irwell, 
 which is an unusually rapid river, rose many yards above its ordinary level. 
 Portions of Peel Park were flooded, and the racecourse, near Throstle Nest, was 
 also inundated, but no serious injury was done. Far different was the state of 
 affairs along the course of the Medlock, and it was on the banks of this river 
 that the effects of the rainstorm were felt most disastrously. The water began 
 to rise about eleven o'clock, but it was past twelve before it attained the 
 dimensions of an irresistible flood, and then it bore all before it. At Medlock 
 Vale, some three miles beyond Bradford-cum-Beswick, the fields were covered 
 on either side, and two bridges were washed away. At Messrs. Taylor and 
 Boyd's calico printworks, Clayton Bridge, the river rose twelve feet above its 
 ordinary level, and one of the lodge embankments gave way. A weir at Lord's 
 Brook, at the end of Green's Lane, was washed down, and persons going along 
 the lane were obliged to get over into the field, the ordinary road being quite 
 impassable. Several tons of earth were washed on the line of the Lancashire 
 and Yorkshire Railway, near Clayton Bridge Station, and for some hours the 
 traffic had to be carried on by means of one line of rails only. Beyond the 
 bridge, near Messrs. Wood and Wright's Clayton Vale printworks, the river 
 burst its banks, and the destruction caused at the works was terrific. Two 
 bridges were destroyed, a weir partially washed away, the walls of the white- 
 room, in which 20,000 pieces of calico were stored, fell, and the goods and 
 machinery were carried into the water. Machinery was damaged, dyes 
 destroyed, the boiler fires extinguished, and the whole place devastated. By 
 the time the flood had reached the Manchester City Cemetery, near the Philips 
 Park, Bradford, it had grown in volume and power. About noon it broke 
 through a wall of stone which bounds the cemetery on one side, and rushed 
 with tremendous force across the Boman Catholic portion of the graveyard. 
 The result was indescribably distressing and ghastly. Coffins were washed 
 out of the earth and dashed to pieces against the weir of the adjoining print- 
 works, and the corpses were then swept down the stream. The number of 
 bodies thus disturbed has not been accurately ascertained, but more than fifty 
 were recovered. From Philips Park to Fairfield Street the ravages of 
 the flood continued, and at this latter point the inundation, besides injuring 
 the works along the banks, penetrated the houses of the poorer people. Near 
 Holt Town Bridge a row of cottages was undermined, and the tenants had to 
 fly to save their lives. In Ancoats, near Palmerston Street, where the river 
 winds through a densely-populated district, the water rose to the bedrooms, 
 and rafts had to be used to rescue the inmates. Similar scenes were witnessed 
 in Ardwick, and in the street in which the Mayfield Baths are situated. Great 
 injury was inflicted upon the works in this neighbourhood. Along the entire 
 course of the river through the city the damage done to machinery and other 
 property was very considerable, and the scenes witnessed amongst the poor 
 working classes residing on its banks were of a most distressing nature, many 
 of the unfortunate denizens of the low-lying districts having to be rescued 
 through their bedroom windows. In some of the manufactories the water rose 
 to the height of fifteen feet. At the junction of the Medlock with the Irwell,
 
 1872] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 335 
 
 at Knot Mill, the water accumulated in large volumes. Much of it passed over 
 to the Bridgewater Canal, and so flooded the wharves that two barges laden 
 with coal were lifted from the canal, and, when the water subsided, were 
 deposited on the wharf near one of the goods warehouses. Only one life was, 
 however, lost, but many hairbreadth escapes were encountered. 
 
 The Right Rev. William Turner, D.D., Bishop of Salford, died July 13. He 
 was born at Whittingham, near Preston, in 1799, where his father was a 
 solicitor. After studying at Ushaw he went to the English College at Rome, 
 and on his return was present at the opening of St. Augustine's Church in 
 Granby Row. In 1826 he was ordained and laboured in various parts of 
 Lancashire. In 1832 he volunteered to take the post of the priests who died, in 
 the visitation at Leeds, of cholera. When the Roman Catholic hierarchy was 
 re-established Dr. Turner was the first appointed Bishop of Salford, and was 
 consecrated in St. John's Cathedral, July 25, 1851, by Cardinal Wiseman. Dr. 
 Turner was buried at Salford Cemetery, and the funeral sermon was preached 
 by Archbishop Manning. His successor to the see of Salford was the Right 
 Rev. Herbert Vaughan, D.D. 
 
 A railway collision occurred on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway 
 near Agecroft, August 3. Four lives were lost, and several persons seriously 
 injured. 
 
 Captain Thomas Henry Mitchell, governor of the Salford Hundred County 
 Gaol, in Strangeways, died suddenly, Aug. 17, aged 72 years. He held the office of 
 governor for twenty-four years. He was a strict disciplinarian, and discharged 
 the duties of his office to the entire satisfaction of the visiting justices. 
 Captain Mitchell entered the army as a private in the Grenadier Guards at the 
 age of sixteen, and was promoted to the post of sergeant in that division of the 
 service. Then he was transferred as ensign to the 60th Rifles, in which corps 
 he ultimately became a captain. He was interred at the Salford Cemetery. 
 
 Mr. Francis Taylor died August 27. He was born at Beverley, in 1818, but 
 at an early age entered the warehouse of Messrs. Potter and Norris, in which 
 he ultimately became a partner. As chairman of the Home Trade Association 
 he urged upon the Government the introduction of a parcel post— many years, 
 of course, before its adoption. He was instrumental in the assembling of the 
 Educational Conference of 1867, and was consulted by Mr. W. E. Forster in the 
 preparation of the Education Act of 1867. 
 
 Mr. Robert Rumney died at Springfield, Whalley Range, August 28. He 
 was born at Kirkby Lonsdale in 1811, came to Manchester, and after some years 
 became a partner with Mr. Hadfield in his chemical works, the firm becoming 
 Hadfield and Rumney. In 1856 Mr. Rumney was elected councillor for Ardwick 
 Ward, and, with the exception of a brief interval, he held that position till he 
 became an alderman in 1S66. He was also a member of the first School Board, 
 and a J. P. for Manchester. In politics he was a Liberal, and was for a time 
 opposed to the National Education Bill, but was afterwards converted. 
 
 Arthur Orton, the claimant to the Tichborne title and estates, visited Man- 
 chester, September 20. This chief of modern impostors, together with a 
 number of his abettors and supporters, addressed a multitude of his admirers 
 in the Free Trade Hall, who paid prices for their admission varying from 
 sixpence to half-a-crown.
 
 336 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1873 
 
 The Japanese Ambassadors arrived in Manchester, October 4, and visited 
 various manufactories in the city, also the Royal and Prince's Theatres, the 
 Assize Courts, and City Gaol. 
 
 The Rev. Herbert Vaughan, D.D., was consecrated Roman Catholic Bishop 
 of Salford, October 29, at St. John's Cathedral, Salford. 
 
 A dreadful case of murder and suicide occurred in School Street, Lower 
 Broughton, November 20. A man named Robert Tebbutt, whilst visiting an 
 acquaintance of the name of William Garstang, was shot by the latter. 
 Garstang then put the pistol to his own mouth and shot himself. Death in 
 both cases was instantaneous. 
 
 Rev. Robert Lamb, M.A., died at Haycarr, near Lancaster, December 24. 
 He took his degree of M.A. at Oxford in 1840. After serving two curacies 
 he was presented to the living of St. Paul's, TurnerStreet, in 1849, and remained 
 there till 1871. He was a constant contributor to Fraser's Magazine, under 
 the pseudonym of "A Manchester Man." He was author of Sermons on 
 Passing Seasons and Events; Free Thoughts, being Selections from Articles 
 contributed to Fraser's Magazine, 2 vols. ; and two volumes of sermons 
 entitled The Crisis of Youth. 
 
 Rev. George Hull Bowers, D.D., died at Leamington, December 27. He was 
 born in 1794, and educated at Clare College, Cambridge. He was the originator 
 of Marlborough School and of Haileybury College. He held the deanery of 
 Manchester from 1847 until his resignation, September 26, 1871 . His works are 
 Sermons preached before the University of Cambridge, 1830 ; A Scheme/or the 
 Foundation of Schools for the Sons of Clergymen and others, 1842 ; Sermons 
 preached at St. PauVs, Covent Garden, 1849 ; Open Churches, with Endow- 
 ments, preferable to Pew Rents, Manchester, 1855. On his retirement from the 
 office of Dean of Manchester he retired to Leamington, where he died. He was 
 twice married. One of his daughters, Georgiana Bowers, has distinguished 
 herself by successful pictures of hunting and country life in Punch. Some of 
 these have been issued in book form. He bequeathed £300 for the support of 
 special Sunday evening services at the Manchester Cathedral. There is a 
 window and a brass to his memory in that cathedral, and a portrait, by Charles 
 Mercier, is at Rossall College. 
 
 Michael Kennedy executed at the Salford Hundred County Prison, Strange- 
 ways, for the murder of his wife, Ann Kennedy, December 30. 
 
 1873. 
 
 St. Martin's Church consecrated by Bishop Fraser, January 6. Messrs. 
 Price and Linklater were the architects, and the cost of erection was £3,500. 
 
 Mr. John Fernley died at Southport, January 16, aged 76 years. Mr. Fernley 
 was a munificent contributor to the various Wesleyan institutions, the donor 
 of the school at Southport for the daughters of Wesleyan ministers, and the 
 founder, at his sole cost, of the Religious Institute, in Corporation Street, for 
 the use of the Bible Society, the City Mission, and the Religious Tract Society. 
 
 Rev. Edward Mathews died at Manchester in January. His father was an 
 engraver, of Bristol, who removed to Oxford, where Edward, the sixth of his 
 family, was born March 12, 1808. At the close of his apprenticeship he emigrated 
 to New York, and became a student of the Hamilton Theological Institution
 
 1873] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 337 
 
 there. An anti-slavery lecture, by Rev. Beriah Green, led to a riot, encouraged 
 by the pro-slavery faculty of the college. Mathews became a Baptist minister, 
 and gave the greater part of his life to the cause of temperance and the emanci- 
 pation of the negro. His autobiography gives a vivid picture of the state of 
 public feeling on the slavery question, both in the Northern and Southern 
 States. He was frequently mobbed and ill-treated by pro-slavery ruffians. He 
 agitated the matter so persistently that, when his pony was seen at a town 
 where the Baptist Association was held, it would be said, "Ah! here is Mr. 
 Mathew's pony ; now we shall have to meet that slavery question again." In 
 conjunction with Rev. A. T. Foss he drew up Facts for Baptist Churches on 
 the anti-slavery question, and was sent as a missionary to Virginia and Ken- 
 tucky. In the latter state, for preaching to a coloured congregation, he was 
 thrown into a pond ten times in succession, in order to extort a pledge that he 
 would never visit it again. In 1851 he returned to England to arouse the 
 feeling of the churches against slavery. When he entered his father's shop in 
 Oxford he was not recognised. He contributed to many English newspapers 
 and periodicals on the subject he had so much at heart. Mrs. Stowe, in her 
 novel of Bred, has given a portrait of Mathews under the name of " Father 
 Dickson." He is buried in Ardwick Cemetery, Jan. 18. (See Autobiography 
 of Rev. E. Mathews, Bristol, 1866 ; Alliance Neivs, 1873, pp. 53 and 76.) 
 
 The new market, provided by the Manchester Corporation, for the accom- 
 modation of wholesale dealers in fish, game, and poultry, was formally opened 
 by the Mayor, in the presence of a large assembly, including several members 
 of the Corporation, February 14. The style of architecture is Gothic, and the 
 building was erected from designs by Messrs. Speakman and Son, at a cost of 
 £4-2,000. 
 
 Mr. Ivie Mackie (of the firm of Findlater and Mackie) died February 23, 
 aged 68. Mr. Mackie had always a warm interest in the municipal business of 
 the city, and in 1847 was elected to represent Exchange Ward in the City 
 Council. He was elected for that ward four times in succession, and in 1856 he 
 was chosen alderman, and was assigned to New Cross Ward. In 1S57 Mr. 
 Mackie was elected to the civic chair, which he occupied for three successive 
 years. He was a munificent contributor to the various local charities, and 
 presented the city with the excellent clock in the steeple of St. Peter's Church. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Jordan, F.R.C.S., died at Hampstead, March 31. Pie was born 
 in Manchester, 1786. He was a man of eminence in the medical profession, and 
 was the author of Traitement des Pscudarthroses, Paris, 1860. 
 
 Ralph Waldo Emerson visited Manchester, and for two days in May 
 was the guest of Mr. Alexander Ireland, and had thus an opportunity of 
 meeting again some of the friends and acquaintances of 1S17-8. (Ireland's 
 Emerson.) 
 
 Mr. J. F. W. Tatham was elected medical officer of health for the borough 
 of Salford, June 11. 
 
 Nassr-ed-Din, the Shah of Persia, visited Manchester June 27. He was 
 accompanied by his chief ministers. An address was presented to him at the 
 Town Hall by the Corporation. The Shah also visited the manufactory of Mr. 
 Haworth, Salford. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Stone, F.C.S., died at Cheadle, in June. He was born at Man- 
 W
 
 338 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1873 
 
 Chester in 1821. He was at one time hon. secretary of the Mechanics' Institute, 
 and lecturer on chemistry at the School of Medicine. He was the author of 
 Ihe Rochdale Co-operative Stores — a Village Address, and pamphlets on 
 chemistry and medicine. 
 
 Mr. William Winstanley Hull died August 28. He was the son of Mr. 
 John Hull, M.D., and was born March 15, 1794, at Manchester. He was edu- 
 cated at the Grammar School, and at Brasenose College, Oxford. He was 
 called to the bar in 1820, and continued to practise until 1846. Mr. Hull was 
 the author of a number of works relating to the Church of England. (School 
 Register, vol. iii., p. 36.) 
 
 Mr. John Meadowcraft died August 28. He was born at Salford in 1826, 
 and educated at the Grammar School. At the age of eight he entered the 
 Cathedral Choir, and his life was devoted to the improvement of church and 
 popular music. (City News Notes and Queries 1462, 1480.) 
 
 Mr. William Gibb died at Hunter's Quay, Argyllshire, September 8. He 
 was a native of Ayr, where he was born in 1800, but came to Manchester in 
 1832, where he remained until his retirement in 1866. It was to his energy that 
 the town was chiefly indebted for the establishment of bonded warehouses. 
 He was a member of the Town Council from 1847 to 1859, and contested Stock- 
 port in 1857 and Bolton in 1863 as a Conservative. A subscription portrait, 
 painted by Daniel Macree, R.S.A., is in the Royal Exchange. Mr. Gibb was a 
 member of the Chamber of Commerce and chairman of the Manchester Society 
 for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. 
 
 A fire at the Athenaeum, Bond Street, September 24, caused damage esti- 
 mated at £12,000. 
 
 The new Owens College, Oxford Road, was opened to the students Oct. 7. 
 The first stone of this building was laid by the Duke of Devonshire, the pre- 
 sident of the College, September, 1870. The structure, designed by Mr. Alfred 
 Waterhouse, is of the Domestic-Gothic style, and formed one side of what 
 was ultimately designed to become a quadrangle, with a facade fronting 
 Oxford Road. It consists of — (1) the basement, which contains the chemical 
 theatre, museum, and lecture laboratory, six rooms for natural philosophy, 
 students' common and examination rooms, engineeiung classrooms, engineering 
 and geological museums, lavatories, &c, for the students, and numerous store- 
 rooms ; (2) a ground floor, on which are located the boardroom, secretary and 
 clerks' rooms, lecture-rooms and apparatus-rooms for natural philosophy, large 
 arts classroom, engineering rooms and drawing office, mathematical lecture- 
 room, entrance to the chemical theatre, lavatories, porters' rooms, and store- 
 rooms ; (3) a first floor, containing arts classrooms, natural history classrooms 
 and museum, rooms for the principal and professors, students' reading-room, 
 the library, freehand drawing-room, several classrooms, professors' common 
 room, lavatories, &c. ; and (4) spacious attics, which are used as a temporary 
 museum. Behind this, the main building, is the chemical laboratory block, 
 which is said to be the most complete building of its kind in the kingdom. In 
 and fronting Coupland Street the medical school has been erected. Amongst 
 those present at the opening ceremony were the Duke of Devonshire, Mr. 
 Thomas Ashton, Mr. A. Waterhouse, the Bishop of Manchester, Mr. H. Cole, 
 the College staff, and many leading citizens.
 
 1873] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 339 
 
 A branch free library, Regent Road, Salford, was opened October 7, by the 
 mayor. The cost was about £3,000. 
 
 Mr. George Ormerod, D.C.L., F.R.S., died at his seat, Sedbury Park, near 
 Chepstow, October 9. He was born at Manchester, October 20, 1785, and 
 educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he graduated M.A. in 1807, and 
 D.C.L. in 1818. His chief work is The History of the County Palatine and 
 City of Chester, 3 vols., 1S19. In addition to this he wrote a number of works, 
 which were privately printed. One of these, Parentalia, is an account of his 
 own family. 
 
 The second triennial election for a School Board for Manchester took 
 place November 12. There were twenty-one candidates for the fifteen 
 seats. 
 
 The second election of the Salford School Board took place November 25. 
 There were seventeen candidates for the fifteen seats. Mr. Herbert Birley was 
 again elected chairman of the two bodies. 
 
 Mr. Mark Philips, the first M.P. for Manchester under the first Reform 
 Act, died at his residence, Welcombe, Stratford-on-Avon, December 23, aged 73 
 years. He was born November 4, 1800, at the Park, near Manchester. His 
 father, Mr. Robert Philips, was a prosperous merchant, at that time a partner 
 in the old-established firm of J. and N. Philips and Co. On the completion of 
 his school education at Nottingham he was sent to the Manchester College, 
 York, and there pursued his studies from 1816 to 1818. He also spent two years 
 at the Glasgow University. In 1825 Mr. Philips was actively engaged in 
 commercial undertakings in Manchester, and became chairman of the New 
 Quay Company, then newly established. The first time he took a public part 
 i i politics is said to have been at a meeting in Manchester, on August 19, 1826. 
 It was held to express opinions on the sufferings of the working classes, and 
 the evils of the Corn Law, and in opposition to timid men of the Liberal side 
 who regarded such a movement as dangerous to the public peace. From that 
 time forth his name was to be found in the lists of similar local gatherings. 
 On June 7, 1832, the Reform Bill became law, and Manchester was enfranchised, 
 and admitted to a share in the government of the country. The first election 
 took place in the December following. The Conservatives put forward their 
 claims in Mr. John Thomas Hope, the Radicals in Mr. William Cobbett, the 
 Whigs in Mr. Samuel Jones Loyd, and the Reformers in Mr. Mark Philips and 
 Mr. Charles Poulett Thomson. The poll opened with great spirit, and resulted 
 in the return of Mr. Philips and the Right Hon. C. P. Thomson. In 1817 Mr. 
 Philips, after representing Manchester for fifteen years, retired into privat.- 
 life, and purchasing an estate in Warwickshire, was soon immersed in the 
 duties and interests of a country life. At the Manchester election in 1857 .Mr. 
 Philips joined the opposition which threw out Mr. Gibson and Mr. Bright, but 
 he did not desert the Liberal party, and his last public appearance in Man- 
 chester was at the banquet in the Free Trade Hall, in October, 1871, to celebrate 
 the opening of the Manchester Reform Club. He was a liberal supporter of all 
 the charitable and educational institutions of the city, and of the scheme for 
 establishing public parks, one of which is named in his honour. 
 
 A Temperance conference held in the Free Trade Hall, when it was decided 
 to start "The United Templar Order." This was in consequence of some con-
 
 340 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1874. 
 
 troversy in the Independent Order of Good Templars. (Winskill's Temperance 
 Reformation, p. 483.) 
 
 The Art Union of Great Britain, which had its offices in Manchester, was 
 dissolved by the Board of Trade refusing to continue its sanction after July 15, 
 in consequence of the dissatisfaction expressed at its management, and two 
 commissioners were appointed to inquire and report. The Art Union began in 
 1860. 
 
 1874. 
 
 Mr. John Griffiths died January 5. He was born October 11, 1797, and was 
 a hatter, in Deansgate. For nearly fifty years he was a superintendent of the 
 Roby Sunday Schools. There is a memorial tablet in the Roby Chapel. 
 
 Mr. James Whittle died at Douglas, Isle of Man, January 19. He was 
 editor of the Manchester and Salford Advertiser, from 1830 to 1832 ; and author 
 of an Address on the State of the Cotton Trade, Manchester, 1829 ; and other 
 pamphlets. 
 
 The Parliamentary election for the city of Manchester and borough of 
 Salford took place February o. Messrs. Hugh Birley, W. R. Callender, and Sir 
 Thomas Bazley were returned for Manchester, and Messrs. C. E. Cawley and 
 W. T. Charley were returned for Salford. The numbers at the close of the poll 
 were— Manchester : Mr. Birley 19,984, Mr. Callender 19,649, Sir Thomas Bazley 
 19,325, Mr. Jacob Bright 18,727. Salford : Mr. Cawley 7,003, Mr. Charley 6,987, 
 Mr. Lee 6,827, Mr. Kay 6,709. The two gentlemen taking precedence in both 
 boroughs represented the Conservative interest. 
 
 A Synagogue for Spanish and Portuguese Jews, York Street, Cheetham, was 
 consecrated May 6, by the chief Rabbi, the Rev. Dr. Artom, of London. The 
 Mayor of Manchester and Sir Joseph Heron, town clerk, were among the 
 strangers present on the occasion. 
 
 The Rev. William Huntington, M.A., rector of St. John's Church, Deans- 
 gate, died May 13, aged 77 years. Mr. Huntington was born in Hull in 1797, 
 and was one of the few remaining representatives of a family which had 
 settled in Yorkshire several centuries ago, and whose ancestors had filled the 
 honourable offices of mayors and sheriffs of their native town in the reigns of 
 Henry VII. and Edward VI. He was appointed curate of St. John's by the 
 first rector, the Rev. John Clowes, in 1828. At his death, in 1831, Miss Byrom, 
 the daughter of the founder of the church, presented him to the rectory ; and 
 these two clergymen have, between them, occupied the office of rector of 
 St. John's for 105 years. (Literary Club Papers, vol. v., p. 123.) 
 
 Rev. Charles Richson, M.A., died at his residence Shakspere Street, 
 Ardwick, May 15. He was born at Highgate, Middlesex, 1806, and was Rector 
 of St. Andrew's, Manchester, from 1844 till his death, and also senior Canon of 
 the Cathedral. Canon Richson was author of pamphlets on educational, 
 sanitary, and theological subjects, and of lesson books in drawing, writing, etc. 
 
 St. James's Church, Collyhurst, was consecrated by Bishop Fraser, May 20. 
 This church is built on the site of Collyhurst Old Hall. The church is built in 
 the Early English style of architecture, from plans by Mr. J. Lowe, of St. 
 Ann's Square. The tower and spire, at the north-west angle, have a total 
 height of 168 feet, and above the belfry, visible from a considerable distance,,
 
 1874] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 34il 
 
 is an illuminated clock, with four dials. The church affords accommodation 
 
 for upwards of 800 worshippers, more than half of which is unappropriated. 
 
 The land, church, and other buildings, were the gift of Mr. Charles P. Stewart, 
 
 of the Atlas "Works, Manchester, and cost £27,000. 
 
 The number of children taking part in the annual procession of Church of 
 
 England Sunday schools, May 25, was 14,519. 
 
 An accident occurred on the premises of Messrs. Wren and Hopkinson, 
 
 millwrights and machinists, Temple Street, Chorlton-on-Medlock, June 4. A 
 
 travelling crane fell, killing one man and seriously injuring several others. 
 
 The foundation stone of the first Board School, Vine Street, Hulme, laid 
 June 11, by Mr. Herbert Birley, chairman of the Manchester School Board. 
 
 A fire broke out at the carriage manufactory of Messrs. Cockshoot and Com- 
 pany, New Bridge Street, June 18. Owing to the inflammable nature of the 
 materials used in the paint-room, the premises were soon reduced to a heap of 
 ruins. The damage was estimated at between £30,000 and £35,000. 
 
 There was a great procession and demonstration of trade unionists at 
 Pomona Gardens, June 20. This demonstration of unionism and co-operation 
 was to express sympathy for, and extend practical assistance to, the " locked- 
 out " agricultural labourers of the south-eastern districts. About 15,000 took 
 part in the procession, which was accompanied by bands of music and banners, 
 and presented a gay and imposing appearance. After parading the principal 
 streets of the city, a meeting on a gigantic scale was held in the Pomona 
 Gardens, the numbers present being estimated at between 50,000 and 00,000 
 Six platforms were erected, and addresses delivered in advocacy of the prin- 
 ciples of trade unionism by the members of the various branches of industry 
 represented. 
 
 A violent thunderstorm, accompanied by an unusually heavy downpour of 
 rain, broke over Manchester, June 24. During the height of the storm, which 
 was about half-past eleven o'clock, the steeple of Christ Church, Salford, was 
 struck by the lightning, and although not demolished, necessitated an entire 
 restoration. The large chimney at the machine works of Messrs. Evan Leigh, 
 Son, and Company, Miles Platting, was also struck by lightning. The chimney 
 rises to a height of about 70 yards, and is surmounted by a coping of terra- 
 cotta 40 feet in circumference. The lightning struck the coping of the chimney, 
 and after breaking about half of it off, entered the chimney and escaped by 
 making a breach about 12 yards from the top. This breach was about 12 yards 
 long and four wide in the broadest part. The broken coping and bricks were 
 hurled with great force in all directions, and some of them were afterwards 
 found on the railway at a distance of 60 yards from the base of the 
 chimney. A large portion of the roof was; smashed in, and three men were 
 injured by the falling slates and bricks. 
 
 St. Alban's Church, Cheetwood, was consecrated by the Bishop of Man- 
 chester, June 29. This church was erected in 1864, at a cost of £7,000. 
 
 Mr. W. B. Hodgkinaon, councillor for St. Ann's Ward, attended the meeting 
 of the City Council on i he Wednesday as usual, but on returning to his office 
 he was seized with an apoplectic fit, and died next day. July 1. 
 
 The Manchester Aquarium was opened on July 19 for the first time on 
 Sunday. More than 800 visitors passed through the turnstiles, being the largest
 
 342 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1874 
 
 number of admissions on any day (Whitsun-week excepted) since the 
 Aquarium had been open to the public. 
 
 A Parliamentary return, issued July 20, showed that during the three years 
 ending March 31st the number of forms and documents sent from Manchester 
 to London for the purpose of being stamped was 6,521,900, as against 2,507,454 
 from Liverpool. 
 
 At a meeting of the committee of the Hospital Sunday and Saturday Fund, 
 on July 23, it was resolved to distribute £7,800 among the different charities. 
 
 Fifteen hundred people visited the Aquarium on Sunday, July 26, being 
 700 more than on the previous Sunday. 
 
 A private meeting, summoned by the Bishop, Dean, and Canons of Man- 
 chester, was held on July 29, to consider the advisability of providing a new 
 Cathedral. Several objections were raised to any interference with the present 
 Cathedral, it being the old Parish Church of Manchester ; but ultimately a 
 resolution was passed to the effect that it was desirable to erect a Cathedral 
 for the diocese on a new site. Another resolution authorised the Bishop to 
 appoint a committee in order to ascertain the feeling of the diocese, and to 
 devise the best means for giving effect to the first resolution, the whole 
 question as to design and site being left open. The Bishop appointed all the 
 gentlemen present as a committee, with power to add to their number. 
 
 During July a scheme was completed for the establishment of provident 
 dispensaries, and it was decided to establish about six in different localities, 
 preference being given to those which were furthest removed from the existing 
 medical institutions. It was calculated that the alteration of premises, pro- 
 vision of appliances, and loss for first few years would cost about £150, and an 
 appeal was therefore made for £500 and a guarantee fund of £1,000 for three 
 years. Each member was to pay one penny per week during health and sick- 
 ness, and twopence per family was to be the highest charge for any children 
 under thirteen years of age. 
 
 Mr. Richard Hope, councillor for St. Luke's Ward, died, August 1, after a 
 protracted illness, aged 62. Entering the Council in March, 1S66, as represen- 
 tative of Ardwick Ward, he held that position for three years, when he was 
 successfully opposed on the ground of non-residence. In 1872, however, a 
 vacancy occurred in St. Luke's Ward, to fill which Mr. Hope was elected by a 
 substantial majority, although he was absent on account of ill health. For 
 some time also he was Poor Law Guardian, and subsequently Overseer for the 
 township of Chorlton-on-Medlock. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Regatta was revived on August 3, 4, and 5. 
 
 Sir William Fairbairn died, August 18, at Farnham, in Surrey. He was 
 born February 19, 1789, at Kelso, and was apprenticed as a mechanical 
 engineer at Percy Main Colliery. He was a hard student, and made the most 
 of somewhat scanty opportunities. In 1813 he came to Manchester, and in 
 1816 married on an income of 30s. a week, and in 1817 began business on his 
 own account. His success was very great, and the works in Ancoats and 
 Millwall acquired a world-wide fame. His scientific labours were not 
 unrecognised. The Universities of Edinburgh and Cambridge gave him the 
 degree of LL.D., and the Institute elected him a corresponding member. He 
 had the Cross of the Legion of Honour from the French Emperor, and after
 
 1874] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 343 
 
 declining a knighthood in 1861 he was made a baronet in 1869. His residence, 
 the Polygon, Ardwick, during the last fifteen years of his life, was visited by 
 many distinguished guests ; amongst them were the Chevalier Bunsen, Sir 
 David Brewster, Lord Rosse, Lord Brougham, Lord Granville, Lord Houghton, 
 Lord Shaftesbury, the Earl of Derby, Sir E. Sabine, Mrs. Gaskell, &c. 
 Fairbairn's chief works are Useful Information to Engineers, 1856-66 ; Iron, 
 its History, &c, 1861 ; Mills and Millwork, 1863. He was buried at Prestwich 
 Church, and the public funeral was attended by some 50,000 people. There is 
 a statue of him in the Manchester Town Hall. Full details of his career are 
 given in the Life of Sir William Fairbairn, by William Pole, F.R.S., London, 
 1S77. Smith's Centenary, p. 257, and Baker's Memorials, p. 131, should also be 
 consulted. 
 
 A shocking murder and suicide was committed at the Prince's Club, 
 Chapel Walks, Manchester, August 25. The murderer was Mr. Herbert 
 Barge, who deliberately, and without any apparent cause, shot Mr. Alexander 
 Maclean with a revolver. He then put the weapon to his own head and shot 
 himself. Both gentlemen were well known in commercial circles, and highly 
 respected. Mr. Barge is supposed to have committed the deed during an 
 access of insanity. 
 
 £40,000 damage was estimated to have been caused by a fire in a timber 
 yard in TrafTord Street, Gaythorn, August 26. 
 
 "The Roll Call," by Miss Thompson, was exhibited in Manchester towards 
 the end of August. A peculiar local interest attached to this picture on 
 account of its being originally a commission from Mr. C. J. Galloway, of 
 Manchester. Owing to the manner in which this picture was praised at the 
 Royal Academy dinner by the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cambridge, 
 it attracted much public attention. Indeed, the Prince was anxious to 
 purchase it of Mr. Galloway, who was, however, so well pleased with his 
 bargain that he declined, but when the Queen expressed a wish to become the 
 owner he could not help retiring in accordance with the etiquette in such 
 matters. Mr. Galloway accordingly replaced the picture in Miss Thompson's 
 hands, and she let Her Majesty have it, at the same time agreeing that 
 Mr. Galloway should have her next Academy picture. 
 
 The Baptist Theological College, in Brighton Grove, Rusholme, was opened 
 on September 2, the Rev. H. R. Dowson, principal of the institution, in the 
 chair. The first attempt at founding this college was made at Chester, but 
 when the proprietor found that they were Nonconformists and Baptists he 
 refused to let them occupy the building. Chamber Hall, Bury, being available, 
 a start was made there in October, 1866, with five students. The place falling 
 into decay, however, they contemplated the plan of erecting a building better 
 suited for the purpose. In migrating to Manchester they had the advantages 
 of being near one of the most important cities of England, whilst lu-ing in the 
 country ; and an especial advantage was the convenient distance from the 
 Owens College. 
 
 The foundation stone of a new church in Victoria Park was laid by Sir W. 
 R. Anson, Bart., September 13. The building is in the Early English style of 
 architecture, from designs of Mr. Redmayne, of Manchester. The church is 
 dedicated to St. Chrysostom, and the cost estimated at £12,000.
 
 344 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1874 
 
 Mr. J. Ogden Fletcher, M.D., surgeon at the Manchester City Gaol, died on 
 September 14. Prior to his appointment to the gaol, where he had been for 
 about eight years, he was surgeon to the police force for sixteen years. Dr. 
 Fletcher was author of several works, had been president of the Manchester 
 Medical Society, and was formerly lecturer at the Chatham Street School oi 
 Medicine. He was also physician to the M. S. & L. Railway Co., and had an 
 extensive private practice. He was in comparatively good health in the after- 
 noon and evening, but was taken ill somewhat suddenly about 9 p.m., and 
 expired before a medical man could arrive. 
 
 Mr. R. J. Lowes, of Hulme, died September 17, aged 56. A native of 
 Carlisle, and son of the eminent engraver, his business career began in the 
 office of the Carlisle Journal, but coming to Manchester to extend his 
 experience, he met with such encouragement that he stayed here. First in the 
 employment of Messrs. Thomson, bookseller, then on the staff of the Mai • 
 Chester Times, he ultimately settled in a Manchester export house. He was 
 one of the earliest founders of the Salford Lyceum, afterwards the Salford 
 Mechanics' Institution. It is said that to him mainly is the Saturday half- 
 holiday owing, and certainly his efforts for it were strenuous. As soon as his 
 pecuniary circumstances would permit, he commenced the publication of the 
 Manchester Argus, and a periodical called the Lancashire Witches, but 
 unfortunately these ventures proved failures, and he was compelled to return to 
 commerce. In 1868 Mr. Lowes was appointed hon. secretary to the committee 
 for celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of the establishment of the 
 Saturday half -holiday, which closed its labours by handing a cheque for £4,000 
 to the Treasurer of the Manchester Warehousemen and Clerks' Orphan School, 
 thus freeing that institution of debt. Mr. Lowes was an earnest Liberal, and 
 took an active part in the great Anti-Corn-Law League Bazaar, held in the old 
 Theatre Royal, Fountain Street. 
 
 A railwav collision took place between Victoria and Salford Stations on 
 September 19. It occurred through a passenger train running into a 
 goods train which was stationary (the signal being against it), and 
 although no one was killed seven passengers and the guard were severely 
 injured. 
 
 The first annual meeting of the recently-enlarged^Manchester and District 
 Union of Elementary Teachers was held on September 19, in Lower Mosley 
 Street Schools. 
 
 Mr. Charles Swain died at his residence, in Prestwich Park, September 22, 
 aged 71 years. He was born at Manchester, January 4, 1S03. His father was a 
 native of Knutsford, and his mother of Amsterdam. He received his education 
 from the Rev. William Johns, who conducted an academy of considerable 
 repute in George Street. Mr. Swain left school at the age of fifteen, after 
 receiving a very liberal education, and was placed in the dyeworks of Mr. 
 Tavar6, a maternal uncle, who was in partnership with Mr. Horrocks ; and 
 although the work must have been most disagreeable to him he continued at 
 it for fourteen years. He subsequently commenced business as a bookseller, 
 but after the lapse of two years he abandoned that trade for engraving, which 
 from that time to his death he pursued with assiduity and success, interrupted 
 only, as regards his personal attendance to it, by the decline of his health in
 
 1874] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 34; 
 
 old age. The business which he had so long possessed on his own account was 
 originally a branch of that of Messrs. Lockett and Co., from whom he bought it, 
 after having been for a time a member of their firm. Mr. Swain's first contri- 
 bution appeared in the pages of the Manchester Iris, on April 15, 1822, and was 
 entitled To Thalia. In 1825 he contributed a poem— The Escaped Convict— -to 
 the Literary Gazette, and subsequently his name was attached to many pieces 
 which appeared in the Monthly Magazine and other periodicals ; and in 1827 he 
 published a collection of his contributions under the title of Metrical Essays 
 on Subjects of History and Imagination, which went through two editions in 
 a short time. In 1S30 he issued his Beauties of the Mind, which met with con- 
 siderable success, and which, in 1832, he published in a revised and enlarged 
 form, under the title of The Mind, and other Poems. In the same year he pro- 
 duced Dryburgh Abbey, in which he paid a graceful tribute to the memory of 
 Sir Walter Scott, whose death had just occurred. In the following year Mr. 
 Swain wrote a short and graceful prose memoir of his intimate friend Henry 
 Liverseege, the artist, whose early death was so 'much lamented. Swain's 
 later works were Dramatic Chapters, which came out in 1847; English 
 Melodies, in 1819 ; The Letters of Laura d'Auverne, and other Poems, in 1853 ; 
 and Art and Fashion, in 1863. This last included poetical sketches of painters. 
 All this time Swain's poems had ,been contributed separately to the Annuals 
 and other periodicals, with one of which— Jerdan's Literary Gazette — he was 
 thus connected for thirty years. His reputation will rest chiefly upon his lyrical 
 pieces. Amongst those which have been favourites, when set to music, are 
 The Betrothed, Past the Hour, Near Thee, and Passing thy Door. There was 
 an unobtrusive though evident tone of religious feeling in his verses, which 
 gave such beautiful little pieces as The Heart's Music an additional claim to 
 appreciation. His poem of The Mind was dedicated to Soul hey, the poet- 
 laureate. Swain made his acquaintance about this time, when Southey was in 
 Manchester visiting the Rev. James White (a brother of Kirke White), then at 
 St. George's, Oldham Road. Southey's reported exclamation of delight at the 
 poem has often been quoted : " If ever man was born to be a poet, Swain was ; 
 and if Manchester is not yet proud of him she will be." An American edition 
 of his poems was one proof of their popularity in the New World. Hawthorne, 
 when invited to a public entertainment given to Mr. Swain, wrote in a letter of 
 apology, that, among his countrymen, many of Swain's songs were "household 
 words." Mr. Swain, some years ago, delivered a series of able lectures on poetry, 
 at the Royal Institution and at the Manchester Athenaeum. His style of speaking 
 was very chaste and elegant, and he possessed much genial humour. He wis 
 married in 1827, and four daughters survived him. He is buried at Prestwich 
 Church. 
 
 In accordance witli a memorial to the Secretary of State praying that the 
 churchyard of St. John's, Deansgate, might be closed and disused as a place of 
 sepulture, an inquiry was held on September 23rd by Dr. Philip Holland, 
 Government Inspector. Evidence was given to show that the statements in 
 the memorial as to the burial-ground being full of bodies, and as to offensive 
 smells, etc., were wrong, and that the burials were fast dec sreasing, having 
 fallen from 200 three years before to 70 during 1873. The inspector said he 
 should make his report in due course, but he did not think a new order would
 
 346 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1874 
 
 be made so long as the present one was obeyed, and the burials brought to a 
 close as soon as possible. 
 
 There was a great revival of the second part of Shakspere's Henry IV. at 
 the Prince's Theatre, September 28, Mr. Phelps appearing as both the King 
 and Justice Shallow. This part of Shakspere's play, which is rarely repre- 
 sented, had not been seen in Manchester for at least 30 years, if ever before. 
 
 During September the Commissioners of Inland Revenue established a 
 branch stamping office in Manchester for the northern district, great delay 
 and expense, with consequent inconvenience, having been caused by the 
 previously necessary transmission of all documents to and from Somerset 
 House. The building, in fourteenth century English Gothic style, is in a 
 central position in Mount Street. 
 
 At the close of October the first of the six projected provident dispensaries 
 was opened at Ardwick Green. 
 
 The medical school at the Owens College openedjOctober 2, by Professor T. H. 
 Huxley, F.R.S., who gave the inaugural address and distributed prizes to the 
 students. 
 
 Mr. John Mitchell died in Manchester, October 7. He was born in Montrose 
 in 1803, and was author of Manual of Punctuation, Manchester, 1859. He was 
 for some time librarian of the Ancoats Branch of the Manchester Free Libraries. 
 Mi-. John Bowes died at Dundee, October 23. He was born at Swinside, 
 Coverdale, Yorkshire, June 12, 1804, but passed the greater part of his life in 
 Scotland. He was for a time resident in Manchester and Liverpool, and was 
 for more than fifty years a preacher and chiefly an open-air evangelist. He had 
 discussions with Lloyd Jones on Socialism, with Charles Southwell on 
 Atheism, with G. J. Holyoake on Christianity, with T- H-31ilner on Baptism. 
 He wrote a number of books in exposition of his views. His autobiography 
 (Dundee, 1872) contains many references to Manchester. 
 
 The Owens College Shakspere Society founded, November 6, the object 
 being the study of Shakspere and the language and literature of his period, 
 by means of readings, papers, and discussions. 
 
 A conference convened by the British Temperance League of ministers of 
 all denominations was held November 24 and 25. There was an attendance of 
 about 1,000 ministers. 
 
 Mr. Pierre Boyer, an eminent French engineer, who was born in Manchester 
 in 1794, and served under Stephenson, the two Fairbairns, Rennie, and others, 
 died early in December. 
 
 Mrs. Trafford Whitehead died at Manchester in December. She was the 
 
 author of The Grahames of Bessbridge House; Dyalborough, 1866 ; and Poems. 
 
 A destructive fire broke out about two o'clock on Tuesday morning, 
 
 December 29, at "Westhead's mill, Brook Street. The damage was estimated at 
 
 from £20,000 to £40,000. 
 
 In 1786 there were but four Manchester firms engaged in the shipping trade, 
 but these had risen to 53 in 1825 ; 123 in 1850 ; and a total of 430 in 1874. 
 
 The proceeds of the sales of real property in Manchester and neighbourhood 
 during the year reached the large sum of £1,171,472, as compared with 
 £904,080 in 1873 and £728,897 in 1872. The highest price per yard obtained 
 during the year was in the case of three shops in the Market Place. Their
 
 1875] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 347 
 
 site was 207 square yards, and the purchase money was £10,600, being at the 
 rate of about £80 4s. per yard. 
 
 1875. 
 
 The first exhibition of Works of Art in Black and White organised by the 
 Manchester Literary Club. (Papers of Manchester Literary Club, vol. ii., 
 p. 162). 
 
 Mr. Charles Calvert, manager of the Prince's Theatre, was entertained to 
 dinner on Monday, January 4, at the Queen's Hotel, by a number of gentlemen 
 connected with art, literature, and commerce. Mr. Tom Taylor, M.A., editor 
 of Punch, presided. Mr. Calvert had held the position of manager for ten 
 years, and his term of office had been distinguished especially by a series of 
 Shaksperian revivals. 
 
 Mr. Eobert Milligan Shipman died on Saturday, January 16, aged 57. A 
 native of Hinckley, in Leicestershire, where he was born in 1817, he came to 
 Manchester in 1845, as managing clerk to Messrs. Atkinson and Saunders. In 
 1848 he was taken into partnership by Messrs. Sale and Worthington. As a 
 lawyer he was especially distinguished for his knowledge of bankruptcy law 
 and practice. He was a director of the Manchester Athenteum, and hon. sec. 
 to the committee of the Model Secular School. Mr. Shipman was a Liberal 
 and a Unitarian, and was chairman of the Unitarian Home Missionary Board. 
 Dr. Edward Vaughan Kenealy and Mr. Guildford Onslow, M.P., addressed 
 crowded meetings at the Free Trade Hall on January 18 and 19. The trial of 
 the Claimant was the subject, and at the second meeting a petition to Parlia 
 ment was adopted, praying for the release of the Claimant, the removal of the 
 judges who tried him from the Bench, and the abolition of the Society of 
 Gray's Inn. 
 
 Lord Chief Justice Cockburn visited Manchester on Thursday, January 
 21, and was the guest of Sir E. Watkin, M.P., at Northenden. On Friday 
 he visited the Town Hall, where he was presented with an address 
 by the Corporation. Subsequently the Lord Chief Justice, the Marquis and 
 Marchioness of Salisbury, Mr. Roebuck, M.P., and Miss Roebuck, inspected 
 the loan collection of pictures and other works of art at the Athenaeum, visited 
 the Owens College, and went on 'Change. Next day the Marquis of Salisbury 
 received an address from the Chamber of Commerce, and afterwards, in the 
 company of the Lord Chief Justice and others, visited Peel Park, where they 
 lunched with the Mayor of Salford. 
 
 On the afternoon of Friday, January 22, the Manchester Chamber of 
 Commerce entertained the Marquis of Salisbury and other guests to luncheon 
 at the Queen's Hotel. 
 
 A grand soiree to celebrate the reconstruction and renovation of the Athe- 
 nseum, was held on Friday, January 22, at the Free Trade Hall. The Right 
 Hon. Sir A. E. Cockburn, Lord Chief Justice of England, presided, and u'ave 
 an address on the objects of the Institution. The Marquis of Salisbury 
 also addressed the meeting. 
 
 A large meeting in favour of Disestablishment was held in the Free Trade 
 Hall, January 20. 
 
 Mr. Blackburne, the celebrated chess player, visited Manchester on January
 
 348 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1875 
 
 30, and played blindfolded against ten members of the Athenaeum Chess Club, 
 with the result that he lost one game, won five, and four were drawn. 
 
 The Theatre Royal passed into the hands of a limited company during the 
 week ending January 30th. 
 
 A meeting was held on February 8, for the purpose of formally organising 
 in the city a Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of the Throat. 
 
 Professor William Smith, F.R.C.S., died suddenly at his consulting rooms 
 in Mosley Street, February 10, aged 60 years. Mr. Smith was appointed 
 dispensing surgeon to the Infirmary in 1847 and surgeon in 1849. He was a 
 lecturer at the Pine Street School of Medicine, and on the amalgamation of that 
 institution with the medical department of the Owens College he was 
 appointed to the chair of general anatomy and physiology. 
 
 A Board of Trade inquiry at the Town Hall, with regard to the objections 
 to new tramways, February 13. 
 
 Mr. Robert Hyde Greg died at his house, Norcliffe, near Styal, February 21. 
 Mr. Greg was the son of Samuel Greg, and was born in King Street in 1795, and 
 finished his education at the Edinburgh University, and afterwards spent two 
 years in Greece and Italy. In 1821 he was one of the commissioners for 
 widening Market Street. In 1824 Mr. Greg married Miss Philips, sister of Mr. 
 Mark Philips, and in 1832 he was chairman of the committee for promoting the 
 candidature of his brother-in-law. In 1839 he himself was elected M.P. for 
 Manchester, and remained representative till 1841. During the Corn Law 
 agitation he rendered great assistance to the League. For the last forty years 
 of his life he had lived retired at Norcliffe. He was buried at Dean Row Chapel. 
 
 A special meeting of the Manchester Literary Club was held at the Free 
 Reference Library in Campfield, to examine a portion of the rare books in the 
 collection, and to hear an address about them by Mr. Wm. E. A. Axon. This 
 was the first exhibition of the kind out of London. 
 
 The exhibition of Mr. Frederick James Shields' pictures, at the Royal 
 Institution, opened by a conversazione, on Wednesday, February 24. The 
 exhibition was held in consequence of Mr. Shields leaving Manchester, and 
 some 170 pictures, the work of about twenty years, were exhibited. He was 
 entertained at dinner at the Queen's Hotel, March 3. A report of the pro- 
 ceedings was published in pamphlet form. 
 
 A deputation from the Chamber of Commerce waited on the Chancellor of 
 the Exchequer on March 4, in order to call attention to the defective post-office 
 accommodation in Manchester. When the building in Brown Street was 
 erected in 1840, the population of Manchester and Salford, and their suburbs, 
 was about two hundred thousand, and the postages collected during a year 
 about £52,000. Prior to 1861 the upper part had been used as the police court 
 of the borough, but the needs created by the money-order and savings bank 
 swallowed this portion of the building. Since 1861 the number of clerks had 
 doubled, letter carriers and sorters had increased from 117 to 272, the weekly 
 delivery of letters had risen from 401,000 to 927,000, the letters posted had 
 increased from 485,000 to 1,134,000, and the money-orders from 295,000 to 364,000. 
 
 The sale at Manley Hall, the residence of Mr. Sam Mendel, commenced 
 March 15 and lasted four days, the total sum realised being about £18,000. 
 
 During the week ending March 20 a new system, by Mr. Joseph Challender,
 
 1875J 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 349 
 
 of Manchester, of lighting public clocks was brought into use. By means of a 
 reflecting apparatus, two gas jets were made to throw as much light on the 
 dial as the eight or nine previously used. A trial was made upon All Saints' 
 clock with such success that St. Thomas's, Ardwick Green, was adapted to 
 illumination. The work was executed by Messrs. Arnold and Lewis, of St. 
 Ann's Square, who added a piece of machinery so that the clock gradually turned 
 on the gas as darkness came on and also turned it off as daylight appeared. 
 
 Mr. Sidney Potter died, March 21, aged 69. He was a calico printer, and 
 represented All Saints' Ward in the Town Council from 1844 to 1S50. His 
 widow, Louisa, daughter of Mr. Samuel Kay, published in 1879 a charming 
 volume of Lancashire Memories. (Baker's Memorials, page 125.) 
 
 The first of a series of promenade concerts at the Prince's Theatre was 
 held on March 24, under the guidance of M. Riviere. 
 
 A banquet in aid of the Royal Albert Asylum was held in the Hall of the 
 Assize Courts on Tuesday, March 30. 
 
 The new line between Manchester and Bolton, in connection with the 
 London and North Western Railway system, was opened on April 1. The 
 line is 12| miles long, and cost, including stations, about £140,000. 
 
 The first Pullman car between London and Manchester arrived by the 
 Midland Railway at the London Road Station on April 1, shortly after 10, 
 having left St. Pancras Station at 5-15 a.m. 
 
 Alfred Thomas Heap, a quack doctor, of Hyde Road, convicted of the 
 murder of a young woman, Margaret M'Kivett, and sentenced to be hanged, 
 April 2. 
 
 The first prize meeting of the Manchester Rifle Association took place on 
 the ranges at Astley on April 3. 
 
 The performance of Much Ado About Nothing by the Athenaeum 
 Dramatic Reading Society took place in the new lecture hall at the 
 Athenaium, April 6. 
 
 A bazaar and fancy fair, on behalf of the Sick Children's Hospital, was 
 held at the Free Trade Hall on April 6 and following days, and realised £21,o5(>. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Wright, the Prison Philanthropist, died April 14. He was 
 born at Manchester, September 20, 1789, but was of Scotch extraction. His 
 mother was an attender at Cross Street Chapel, but joined the Wesleyans, and 
 at a Sunday school of that body he was educated. He was apprenticed as 
 an ironfounder, and after a brief period of indifference he became a zealous 
 Con,:Tcgationalist, and for more than half a century was a deacon in the 
 Grosvenor Street (Piccadilly) Chapel. A discharged convict happened to be 
 employed at the same workshop, and Thomas Wright undertook to guarantee 
 his good behaviour by a deposit of £20, but the order for his discharge was by 
 accident not countermanded, and he left the town. Wright followed, and 
 overtook the wretched fugitive, and brought him back. In this way his 
 attention was directed to prison inmates, and in 1838 he obtained permission 
 to visit the Salford prison. He became the prisoners' friend, and obtained 
 honest employment for many who would otherwise have become habitual 
 criminals. One of the ticket-of-leave men for \\ horn he obtained the post of a 
 scavenger for the Manchester Corporation was afterwards ordained as a clergy- 
 man. The value of Mr. Wright's labours led the Government to offer him the
 
 350 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1875 
 
 post of travelling inspector of prisons at a salary of £800. This he declined, but 
 in 1852 accepted a testimonial of £3,248 (partly sunk in an annuity), the result of a 
 voluntary subscription. This enabled him to give up his situation in the 
 foundry, and to devote his entire time and energy to the reclamation oi 
 criminals. It is creditable to his sagacity that as long ago as 1856 he saw the 
 necessity of compulsory education. The noble simplicity of his life, the 
 earnestness with which he obeyed the injunction to " remember those in 
 bonds," impressed all who knew him. When the apostolic figure was removed 
 by death there were thousands to mourn for one who had been a friend to the 
 friendless. He is buried at Birch Church. Further details of his career are 
 given in McDermid's Life of Thomas Wright, Manchester, 1876. 
 
 A conference of local boards was held at the Town Hall on April 14, for the 
 purpose of trying to come to some arrangement by which the assistance of the 
 Corporation fire brigade might be afforded to the out townships in case of fire. 
 Owing, however, to one or two boards objecting to the charge they would 
 have to pay, nothing was decided. 
 
 The memorial stones of two new schools of the Manchester School Board 
 were laid April 15, one in Every Street, Ancoats, and one in Chester Street, 
 Ardwick. 
 
 The second great international show of horses, mules, and donkeys, opened 
 May 7, at the Pomona Gardens. 
 
 The committee of the Hospital Sunday and Saturday Fund distributed 
 £7,200 amongst the different charities, being £600 less than the previous year. 
 MayS. 
 
 The second exhibition organised by the Society for the Promotion of 
 Scientific Industry was opened in a temporary building erected for the purpose, 
 near Queen's Road, Cheetham, on May 14. The exhibition was one for the 
 display of appliances for economy of labour. 
 
 The distribution of prizes in connection with the voluntary examination of 
 Sunday school teachers and scholars of the Cathedral Rural Deanery took place 
 at the Town Hall, King Street, May 14. 
 
 A fifth Provident Dispensary was established in Ashton New Road, 
 Beswick, May 29. 
 
 Mr. Matthew Brougham, for twenty-three years a member of the City 
 Council, died May 31, aged 73. He entered the council in November, 1851, as 
 the representative of St. John's Ward, and retained his seat until 1854. In 
 1856 he was again elected, and he continued to represent the ward until 
 November, 1S68, when he was made an alderman. He remained in the council 
 until November, 1874, when he retired. During his connection with the cor- 
 poration he served on most of the committees, and notably on the Markets 
 Committee, of which he was chairman. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Lawton, of Whaley Bridge, died June 1, aged 42. Originally 
 an elementary schoolmaster, he became visiting agent and organiser of the 
 Lancashire and Cheshire Union of Institutes, which position he held for four- 
 teen years. To his zeal and untiring industry many of the smaller towns and 
 villages of both counties owe the establishment of their mechanics' institutions, 
 and to him mainly is due the origination of science classes working under the 
 direction of the Science and Art Department, for the benefit of the artisan class
 
 1875] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 351 
 
 in the whole of this populous district. Prior to his death Mr. Lawton had put 
 forth a scheme for the foundation of a central science school in Manchester, 
 and had enlisted the co-operation of several large employers of labour in the 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 Mr. Richard Baverstock Brown Cobbett, solicitor, died at Wilmslow, 
 June 3, aged 61. Born 1804, Mr. Cobbett attained great repute as a pleader 
 early in his professional practice, when he defended some of the Chartists and 
 others. Mr. Cobbett was secretary to the Council of the Manchester Political 
 Union, which got up the great demonstration on Kersal Moor in 1S38. He was 
 author of some legal pamphlets. He was a son of Mr. William Cobbett, M.P., 
 the famous Radical. 
 
 Grand fetes were held at Manley Hall, June 4 and 5. The attractions con- 
 sisted of the bands of the. Grenadier Guards and Scots Fusilier Guards, illumi- 
 nation of the large fernery, and the roses and rhododendrons in full bloom. 
 
 The third annual meeting of the Manchester Aquarium Company, June 14. 
 A dividend of ten per cent, was declared, and £500 carried forward as a reserve 
 fund. 
 
 The first athletic festival under the auspices of the Northern Counties 
 Olympian Association commenced on Monday, June 14, and continued all the 
 week. 
 
 A painful sensation caused by the announcement of the failure of Messrs. 
 Alexander Collie and Co., of Aytoun Street, Manchester, and London, with 
 liabilities estimated at about £3,000,000, June 16. The head of the firm sub- 
 sequently absconded to Spain. 
 
 A new society, under the title of the Manchester Phonetic Shorthand 
 Writers' Association, held its first meeting during the week ending June 26, 
 at the rooms of the Young Men's Christian Association, Piccadilly. 
 
 Alderman Alfred Watkin died, June 23. He was the son of Mr. Absalom 
 Watkin, and brother of Sir E. W. Watkin, Bart. He entered the City Council, 
 on November 1, 1858, became alderman March 10, 1869, and served the office of 
 mayor during 1873-4. 
 
 38 and 39 Victoria, cap. 101. Act to confer additional powers on the Cor- 
 porat ion of the Borough of Salf ord, for the improvement and good government 
 of the said borough, and for the laying down of tramways in and near thereto, 
 and for the raising of further moneys, and for other purposes. June 29. 
 
 The members of the Liverpool Architectural and Archaeological Society 
 visited Manchester, July 3, on the occasion of their annual excursion. 
 
 Captain C. H. Lane, Governor of the City Gaol since its erection in 1850, died 
 on July 4, aged 75. His father, an old naval captain, was governor of Dartmoor 
 Gaol when it was used for the detention of French prisoners of war. The sou, 
 who was born at Lympstone, near Exeter, entered the army when 16, and be- 
 came successively paymaster of his regiment and then captain. After 33 years' 
 service he left the army to occupy the position in which lie died. 
 
 A town's meeting was held at the Town Hall on July 5, in support of the 
 Sunday Closing Bills for England and Ireland before the House of Commons, 
 and a petition to Parliament for the suppression of the sale of intoxicating 
 drinks on the Sunday adopted. 
 
 A meeting of citizens was held in the mayor's parlour on July 7, for the
 
 352 Annals of Manchester. [1875 
 
 purpose of adopting means for the relief of sufferers by the recent inundations 
 in France, and over £320 was promised in the room. 
 
 Seyyid Barghash, Sultan of Zanzibar, visited Manchester on July 8 and 9. 
 Amongst other objects of interest he was shown the Egerton cotton mills, Peel 
 Park, the Assize Courts, the Royal Exchange, Messrs. Hoyle's printworks, the 
 new Town Hall, and Manley Hall. 
 
 Rev. Henry Ollerenshaw, Congregational minister at Hull, died at 
 Hull, July 13. He was born in Manchester, January 27, 1819, and was 
 editor of the Hull and East Riding Magazine. {Congregational Year Book, 
 1876.) 
 
 38 and 39 Victoria. Act for enabling the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of 
 the city of Manchester to extend their waterworks, and to make street 
 improvements, for consolidating the assets and liabilities of the sevei'al town- 
 ships of the city, and for other purposes. July 19. 
 
 A portrait of Mr. W. R. Callender, M.P., was presented to the Athenseum 
 on July 28, by a committee formed for the purpose. Mr. Callender had been 
 honorary secretary for sixteen years. The commission for the portrait was 
 placed in the hands of Mr. William Percy, of Manchester. 
 
 A rifle match took place at Carlisle on July 31, between twenty members 
 of the First Manchester and twenty of the First Lanark (Glasgow) Volunteers. 
 In the end the Scotchmen won by 37 points, thus reversing the previous year's 
 record, when Manchester won by 28 points. 
 
 The sixth Provident Dispensary having been opened in Livsey Street, a 
 meeting was held on August 6, in the Bennett Street Schools, for the purpose 
 of expounding the principles and advantages of the system. 
 
 Saturday, August 7th, and the following Thursday and Friday, will be 
 noted for the heavy thunderstorms which took place. Flashes of lightning 
 followed one another with appalling rapidity, whilst the thunder resembled 
 the roar of a battery of huge guns. Considerable damage was done to property 
 by the lightning, and in one instance, where it struck a house, it passed along 
 the gas pipes and set the carpet, which was being taken up, on fire. A joiner 
 working near, who ran to assist in extinguishing the flames, was knocked 
 down by a second discharge, but not seriously hurt. 
 
 During the week ending August 14 the new Manchester and Stockport 
 line of the Midland Railway was opened for traffic. 
 
 The sixty-eighty annual conference of the Swedenborgians, or New Church, 
 was held in Manchester during the week ending August 14, under the presi- 
 dency of the Rev. Dr. Jonathan Bayley, of London. 
 
 Rev. John Hyde, minister of the New Church (Swedenborgian), Peter 
 Street, died August 18. He was born at London, ^February 26, 1833. At one 
 time he was a member of the Mormon Church at London, but abandoned that 
 creed and wrote a book against the Mormon doctrines. He was also the author 
 of Lectures on the Resurrection, on Swedenborg, on the Serpent that Beguiled 
 Eve, The Child's Catechism. He wrote a considerable number of hymns, and 
 compiled the supplement to the New Church Hymn Book, besides writing a 
 number of tracts. He was also the author of several successful papers on 
 education, and his essay on "International Arbitration," read at a conference 
 in the Manchester Town Hall, was pronounced by a high authority to be one of
 
 1875] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 353 
 
 the most exhaustive considerations of the subject ever written. (Intellectual 
 Repository, October, 1S75.) 
 
 Mr. Murray Gladstone died suddenly at his residence, Penmaenraawr, 
 August 23. He was born in Liverpool. In early life he was a civil engineer, 
 but in 1844 became a junior partner in the firm of Ogilvy, Gilanders, and Co., 
 and went to Calcutta to assume the direction of the business of that branch of 
 his firm. About 1850 he returned to England and became head of the Man- 
 chester branch of Gladstone, Latham and Co. He was a trustee of the Infirmary, 
 and from September, 1861, to June, 1S64, was treasurer of that institution. He 
 was a governor of the Owens College, a feoffee of the Grammar School, and 
 chairman of the Royal Exchange. Until a few years before his death he resided 
 in Higher Broughton, and his house, with some alterations, became the Bishop's 
 Court. 
 
 The seventh annual meeting of the members of the Iron and Steel Institute 
 of Great Britain was held in Manchester on September 7 and following 
 days. 
 
 A congress of homceopathic practitioners was held at the Palatine Hotel on 
 September 9, under the presidency of Dr. Boyes. 
 
 The Baroness Burdett Coutts paid a visit to Manchester on September 10, 
 on the inauguration by her of the drinking fountain at New Cross, erected at 
 her expense. The opportunity was taken to present an address from the City 
 Council, and to entertain her ladyship at luncheon. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Barker died at Omaha, Nebraska, September 15. He was born 
 in 1806, at Bramley, near Leeds, and after self -education became a notable man 
 amongst the Wesleyans, whom he left for the Methodist New Connexion. 
 Afterwards he was the founder of a sect of " Barkerites," then a Quaker, then 
 a Unitarian, then a free-thinker, then an atheist. He was an ardent politician, 
 and in 1848 was arrested and confined for a night in the borough gaol of Man- 
 chester. He was tried at Liverpool Assizes, but a nolle prosequi was entered 
 and he escaped. In 1851 he settled in the United States, where he was an 
 active abolitionist. He returned to England in 1S60, and after associating with 
 the Secularists, returned to Christianity, and became a local preacher amongst 
 the Primitive Methodists. In his last residence in England he was an advocate 
 of the South in the War of the Secession. His last years were spent in 
 Nebraska. Mr. Barker was for many years a frequent lecturer in Manchester, 
 and though, we believe, never permanently resident, was exceedingly well 
 known in the town. The Life of Joseph Barker, edited by his nephew, J. T. 
 Barker (London, 1SS0), is the best account of his career, but it is marred by 
 oonie inaccuracies and suppressions. 
 
 At a meeting of the Manchester French Inundations Relief Committee, 
 held on September 15 at the Town Hall, King Street, the mayor, as treasurer, 
 reported that a sum of £1,598 had been collected. 
 
 A serious collision took place at Miles Platting on September 24, the 1-40 
 p.m. express from Leeds to Liverpool being, by a defective point, turned on to 
 a line along which a goods train was coming, the result being considerable 
 damage to rolling-stock and serious injuries to several passengers. 
 
 A bazaar in aid of Mr. Birch's Orphanage at Corubrook was opened on 
 September 30 at the Free Trade Hall. It was originally intended to hold it in
 
 354 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1875 
 
 a large tent in the playground of the Orphanage, but the gale of the previous 
 Sunday blew the tent down. 
 
 The first number of a new periodical, the Athenceum Gazette, appeared 
 October 1. It was intended as an organ of all the societies connected with that 
 institution, but it did not have a long existence. 
 
 A conference of delegates from Band of Hope Unions was held under the 
 auspices of the Lancashire and Cheshire Union, in the drawing-room of the 
 Free Trade Hall, October 2. Representatives were present from the chief 
 towns, and papers were read and discussed on Band of Hope work. 
 
 A town's meeting was held in the Town Hall, King Street, on October 8, 
 to protest against the circular of the Admiralty instructing commanders of 
 English vessels to restore slaves to their "owners." 
 
 Mr. Charles James Stanley Walker died October 12. He was the son of 
 Mr. Thomas Walker, boroughreeve in 1791, and was born February 25, 1788. He 
 began early in life to take an interest in the Reform question. In 1838 he was 
 elected councillor for New Cross Ward, and on December 15, 1838, he was 
 chosen alderman for the same ward. In 1S41 he became a member of the 
 Board of Guardians, and from 1S43 to 1855 he was chairman of the board. He 
 resigned the latter office and also his aldermanship in order that he might 
 devote all his time to his magisterial duties. He was a J P. for Lancashire 
 and Manchester. 
 
 Professor F. W. Newman delivered a lecture at the Athenaeum on the 
 "Re-organisation of English Institutions," October 15. 
 
 A meeting of the justices was held on October 21 for the purpose of electing 
 a governor for the City Gaol, and, out of eight selected candidates, Captain H. 
 M. Borton, deputy governor, Convict Prison, Portsmouth, was elected. 
 
 Mr. W. S. Lawn, secretary to the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway 
 Company, died very suddenly on October 29. He was present at the annual 
 meeting of the Household Stores Association in the Memorial Hall, and having 
 just concluded a speech was observed to faint. A doctor who was present tried 
 the usual means to restore consciousness, but in about ten minutes it was 
 announced that life was extinct. 
 
 The Pantechnicon, in Egerton Street, Hulme, was totally destroyed by fire 
 on October 30. The fire raged for seven hours in spite of the efforts of the 
 brigade, and damage estimated at between £60,000 and £70,000 was done. 
 
 Mr. Humphrey Nichols died on October 31. Mr. Nichols was born in 1791, 
 and while still a minor the position [of clerk to the Collegiate Church was 
 purchased for him for £1,400. He was remarkable for the very erratic manner 
 in which he gave his money to the various charities, not infrequently giving 
 notes for hundreds of pounds without any covering to the servant, desiring 
 him to give them to his master — the secretary, or the treasurer, or institution 
 he desired to benefit. He is believed to have given during his life-time about 
 £87,000. 
 
 Mr. C. A. Seymour, the leader of Mr. C. Halle's orchestra, died November 1. 
 He was born in 1810, and became leader of Queen Adelaide's private band. On 
 the accession of Queen Victoria, Mr. Seymour accepted the leadership of the 
 Gentlemen's Concerts. 
 
 The first Diocesan Conference ever held in this diocese commenced on
 
 1S76] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 355 
 
 November 4, at the Town Hall. The conference consisted of 426 members, 
 official and elected, of whom 153 were clergy and 273 laity. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Chattwood died November 24. He was the first president of 
 the Manchester Literary Club. He is buried at Prestwich Church. 
 
 In connection with the Literary Club a valuable exhibition of works of art 
 in black and white and monochrome was held on November 24 and three follow- 
 ing days at Mr. Hamer's Gallery, St. Ann's Passage. Tbis was the first public 
 exhibition of the kind in Manchester. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Jones, B.A., F.S.A., died at Southport November 29. He was 
 born at Underbill, Margam, near Neath, Gloucestershire, in 1S10. He was 
 educated at Cowbridge Grammar School, and went first to Cambridge and then 
 to Jesus College. Oxford, where he took the B.A. degree in 1832. His excessive 
 shyness would have been a bar to success either in the Church or at the Bar, 
 but, fortunately, in 1845 he was appointed librarian of Chetham's Library, a 
 position which he retained until his death. His extensive reading is shown by 
 the various contributions to Notes and Queries of Bibliothecarius Chet- 
 hamensis. He edited for the Chetham Society a Catalogue of the Popery 
 Tracts in the Chetham Library (1S59-65), and had made collections for a life of 
 Dr. John Dee. (See Papers of the Manchester Literary Club, vol. ii., p. 59.) 
 
 The first annual social celebration of St. Andrew's Day by the Manchester 
 and Salford Caledonian Club took place on November 30, at the Falstaff Waste 
 Exchange, when about 200 persons sat down to supper. 
 
 A special meeting of the city magistrates was held on November 30, when 
 Captain Anstruther, of the Perth prison, was appointed governor of the City 
 Gaol, in place of Captain Borton, who was appointed six weeks before but had 
 resigned. 
 
 At the close of the ordinary meeting of the City Council, on December 1, 
 the statue of Oliver Cromwell was presented to the citizens of Manchester by 
 Alderman Heywood, on behalf of Mrs. Heywood. The statue was the work of 
 Mr. Noble, and was presented by Mrs. Heywood in memory of her late husband, 
 Alderman Goadsby. 
 
 Sir Stafford Northcote, M.P., Chancellor of the Exchequer, addressed a 
 crowded meeting at the Free Trade Hall on December 6. 
 
 A conference of the members and friends of the National Reform Union 
 Avas held in the Free Trade Hall on December 15, and was followed by a public 
 meeting in the evening. 
 
 The copper ball on the summit of the Albert Square tower of the New Town 
 Hall was placed in position by the Mayor (Alderman Curtis) on December 28. 
 The ball is about 2ft. Sin. in diameter, and has a number of spikes projecting 
 from the surface about seven inches in length, and weighs 2cwt. 221b. The 
 base weighs lOst. Sib., and the height from the bottom of.thelbase to the top of 
 the ball is 5ft. 9iin. 
 
 1876. 
 
 A monster "spelling bee" was held in the Free Trade Hall on January 17, 
 when £30 was oflered in prizes and upwards of 400 competitors took part. 
 
 The annual presentation of prizes to the Third Manchester Rifle Volunteers 
 by the Countess of Ellesmere took place at the Free Trade Hall, January 19.
 
 356 Annals of Manchester. t i876 
 
 A stormy town's meeting was held at the Town Hall on January 20, to 
 protest against the amended slave circular issued by the Admiralty, and 
 ultimately a resolution was carried calling upon the Government to entirely 
 cancel the instructions. 
 
 Mr. William Romaine Callender, one of the representatives of the city in 
 Parliament, died on January 22, aged 51. For some time he had been suffering 
 from rheumatic neuralgia and prostration of the nervous system, but, in 
 accordance with medical advice, was on his way to the south of France, when 
 the prostration so increased that he stayed at St. Leonard's-on-the-Sea, and 
 died in that town. He was the eldest son of the late Mr. William Romaine 
 Callender, and was from his youth connected with his father's business, a 
 merchant and manufacturer, which was greatly extended of late years by the 
 purchase of other mills. Mr. Callender was the chairman of the South-East 
 Lancashire Conservative Association, and connected with numerous societies 
 and clubs in aid of the objects of his party. As a Freemason, he was deputy- 
 provincial grand master for Lancashire, and grand master of the Mark Masons 
 of England. For twenty years he was honorary secretary of the Atheneeum, 
 succeeding Mr. John Ashton Nicholls. A liberal supporter of the medical 
 charities of the city, he was a deputy treasurer of the Royal Infirmary, 
 president of the Southern Hospital for the Diseases of Women and Children, 
 and treasurer of the Northern Counties Hospital for Incurables. He was one 
 of the first officers of the 1st Manchester Volunteers, was a member of the 
 Manchester School Board for three years, and was a vice-president of the 
 United Kingdom Alliance. He was treasurer of the Union of Lancashire and 
 Cheshire Institutes from its reconstruction in 1862, and was a liberal con- 
 tributor to its funds. He also became a director of the Cobden Mill Co-operative 
 Company, at Sabden, thus associating himself somewhat with the co-operative 
 movement. He was a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant of Lancashire, and a 
 Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. In 1874 he was returned with Mr. Birley 
 at the general election, it being the first time that Manchester had returned 
 two Conservative members since its enfranchisement. He was buried at St. 
 John's Church, Heaton Mersey, on January 29. 
 
 A suit, brought by the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of the city of 
 Manchester, against Messrs. Christopher Peverley, and Thomas Blakey and 
 their tenants for an infringement of the Corporation market rights, was heard 
 in London before George Little, Esquire, Q.C., the Vice-Chancellor of the 
 County Palatine of Lancaster, on seven days in the month of January. On the 
 24th April the Vice-Chancellor gave judgment in favour of the Corporation, on 
 the question of the defendants having, in effect, set up a rival market, but he 
 also held that the old manorial market rights were entirely superseded by the 
 Manchester Markets Act, 1846. The case is reported on the latter point in Law 
 Reports 22, Chancery Division, 294 (note.) 
 
 Mr. Evan Leigh died in Manchester, February 2, 1876. He was a native of 
 Ashton-under-Lyne, where he was born in 1871. He was well known as a 
 practical man of science, and was the author of an important work on The 
 Science of Modem Cotton Spinning, 1872. 
 
 A Bill was introduced in the House of Commons to enable the Postmaster- 
 General to obtain a site for the extension of the Manchester Post Office. Feb. 15.
 
 l57 j] innate of Manchester. 3.57 
 
 The election for a representative in the House of Commons in room of the 
 late Mr. Callencler took place on February 17, the candidates being Mr. Jacob 
 Bright (L.), and Mr. Francis Sharpe Powell (C.) The official declaration was 
 Bright 22,770, and Powell 20,985. The vote polled by Mr. Bright was then the 
 largest ever given to a candidate by a borough constituency in the United 
 Kingdom, and Mr. Powell then stood second. 
 
 The annual meeting of the Manchester School of Art took place at the Royal 
 Institution on March 15. Alderman Heywood stated that a gentleman had 
 expressed a willingness to place £100,000 in the hands of the Corporation for the 
 purposes of an art gallery. 
 
 A large fire broke out early on Friday morning, March 17, at a warehouse 
 in Sackville Street, Portland Street, and owing to the high wind considerable 
 damage was done. 
 
 Signor Salvini, the great Italian actor, performed [at the Queen's Theatre 
 during the week ending March 18. 
 
 A stormy town's meeting was held March 31 to consider the Royal Titles 
 Bill, and the following resolution was passed : " That this meeting deeply 
 regrets the proposal to advise Her Most Gracious Majesty to add the title of 
 Empress of India to that of the Queen of these realms, as prejudicial to the true 
 dignity of the Crown, repugnant to the national sentiments, and injurious to 
 the interests of the people of the British Empire." 
 
 39 Victoria, cap. 3. Act to enable Her Majesty's Postmaster-General to 
 acquire a site for the extension of the Manchester General Post Office. April 7. 
 
 At a meeting of the City Council, on April 12, it was decided that "all fairs 
 now holden in the city be discontinued," and the passing of this resolution 
 involved the stoppage of Knot Mill Fair. August 3. 
 
 The annual conference of the Sunday school teachers of Lancashire, 
 Cheshire, and Derbyshire was held in Manchester on April 14, when Sir 
 Charles Reed, chairman of the London School Board presided, and gave an 
 address. 
 
 Mr. George Southam, F.R.C.S., died at his residence, Oakfield House, 
 Pendleton, on April 24. He was born in 1S1G, and he was for thirty years one of 
 the surgeons of the Royal Infirmary. Mr. Southam was the author of some 
 medical treatises. (Manchester School Register, vol. iii., p. 226.) 
 
 Mr. Samuel Greg died at Bollington, near Macclesfield, May 14. He was 
 born in King Street, Manchester, September G, 1804. He was author of Scenes 
 from the Life of Jesus, 1869, and of several miscellaneous works. A collection 
 of his papers was published after his death, under the title of A Layman's 
 Legacy,wii h an interesting memoir, and a preface by Dean Stanley. (Unitarian 
 Herald, May 26, 1876.) 
 
 The Rev. Charles Brierley Garside died at Posillippo, Naples, May 21. He 
 was the son of Joseph Garsi<h\ surgeon, was born in Manchester, April 6, 1818, 
 and educated at the Grammar School, where he obtained an exhibition in 1S37. 
 lie was sent to Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1838. He graduated B.A. in 1841, 
 and M.A. in 184 I. lie was ordained in IS 12 by the Bishop of Gloucester, and was 
 curate in various parishes. On June 21, 1850, Garside was received into the 
 Church of Rome, and ordained priest at Rome, December 23, 1854. He was 
 chaplain to Bertram, Earl of Shrewsbury, and officiated in Chelsea, and from
 
 35S Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1876 
 
 1861 in Somers Town. He was the author of numerous religious works, includ- 
 ing the Prophet of Carmel, 1873. 
 
 Mr. Abraham Walter Paulton died at Boughton Hall, Surrey, June 6. He 
 was a native of Bolton, and was born in 1812. He was the editor of the Anti- 
 Bread Tax Circular, the League, and from 1848 to 185-1 edited the Manchester 
 Examiner and Times. 
 
 Mr. John Harrop died June 8. He was born at Tideswell in 1803, and 
 obtained employment in the Bank of Manchester. In 1841 he was appointed 
 assistant clerk, and in September, 184.", chief clerk, to the guardians of the poor 
 of Manchester. Owing to declining health he resigned his position in 1871. 
 
 The hundred and seventh anniversary of the consecration of St. John's 
 Church, Byrom Street, Deansgate, was celebrated on July 7. 
 
 Sir James Bardsley, M.D., an eminent physician, died at his residence, 
 Greenheys, on July 10th, aged 75. A native of Nottingham, he studied at the 
 Universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, at the latter of which he graduated as 
 doctor of medicine in 1823. The following year he came to Manchester, and his 
 uncle soon after retiring from the post of physician to the Royal Infirmary, he 
 was elected to the post. In the same year he associated himself with the late 
 Dr. Turner, in connection with the Manchester School of Medicine, and was 
 appointed lecturer on the principles and practice of physic, materia medica, and 
 medical botany. In 1853 he received the honour of knighthood. He continued 
 as physician to the Infirmary until 1843, when he retired, and was appointed 
 honorary consulting physician, which post he held until his death. In 1850 he 
 was elected president of the Manchester Medico-Ethical Association, an office 
 which he held for some years, and was at one time president of the Manchester 
 Institution for Diseases of the Ear. He held the position of a justice of the 
 peace and a deputy lieutenant of the County Palatine of Lancaster. He married 
 Elizabeth, widow of the Rev. R. H. Shuttleworth, and daughter of Lieutenant 
 Brunts, R.N., in 1831, and survived the lady three years. 
 
 As the 4-25 p.m. train from Bowdon to Manchester was passing Cornbrook, 
 on July 14, the engine ran off the metals and overturned. The engine driver 
 was killed, but no one else was injured, although great damage was done to the 
 rolling-stock. 
 
 A town's meeting to protest against vivisection and to support Lord 
 Carnarvon's Bill was held in the Town Hall, July 21. The Bishop of Manchester 
 was the principal speaker. 
 
 The death of Mr. Elijah Dixon, at New Moston, on July 26, aged 86, removed 
 a somewhat notable personage. A native ofKirkburton, in Yorkshire, he was 
 born October 23, 1790, and was eleven years old when, his father bringing his 
 family to Manchester, he began life in a cotton mill. He became a piecer 
 and a spinner, and remained at that employment for many years. Subsequently 
 he became a milkseller, then a travelling pedlar, and then a manufacturer of 
 pill boxes. This latter business grew until he became a timber merchant and 
 a manufacturer of match boxes and matches. Elijah Dixon was an early and 
 ardent politician, and as early as 1816 was one of the chief movers of the resolu- 
 tions which were brought forward in favour of universal suffrage. Delegates 
 were sent from Manchester to attend the Reform Conference in London ; riots 
 took place in London during the winter of 1816 ; in the March following the
 
 1S76] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 359 
 
 Habeas Corpus Act was suspended, and on the 12th of that month Elijah Dixon 
 was arrested, on the charge of high treason, while spinning at Mr. Houlds- 
 worth's mill, in Manchester. He was lodged in the New Bailey Prison, Salford, 
 and then, in the dead of night, he was removed, double ironed, and sent off in 
 the mail coach to London. He was taken to the Home Office, and arraigned 
 before Lord Sidmouth and other officials. The interview was short, and in 
 reply to questions, Mr. Dixon said, "I am not guilty, and I don't know who is." 
 He was removed to Tothill Fields Prison, where he remained eight weeks, and 
 was then released, and returned to his former labour at Manchester. Mr. Dixon 
 was present atPeterloo, and from that time till his death was actively engaged 
 in promoting political movements, as well as in the advocacy of temperance and 
 other social questions. 
 
 A Scottish Fete was held at Manley Park, July 29. 
 
 The Manchester fairs, known as Knot Mill Fair, "Whit-Monday Fair, Acres 
 or Aca's Fair, and Dirt Fair were abolished by order of the Home Secretary, 
 dated August 3, and advertised in the local papers under the powers given by 
 the Fairs Act, 1871. 
 
 The Rev. Charles Dallas Marston, M.A., died at East Sheen, August 12. He 
 was born 1824, and was rector of Kersal from 1866 to 1873. He was the author 
 of several theological works. 
 
 The Rev. Robert Halley, D.D., died at Batworth Park, near Arundel, August 
 18. He was born at Blackheath, Kent, August 13, 1796. He was educated at the 
 Dissenting College, Homerton; and in 1826 appointed Classical Professor of the 
 Dissenting College, Highbury. Dr. Halley.preached his first sermon as minister 
 of the Congregational Chapel, Mosley Street, July 21, 1S39. In June, 1848, the 
 new Cavendish Street Chapel was opened. He remained pastor until 1857, 
 when he became principal of the New College, St. John's Wood. He was author 
 of Congregational Lectures on the Sacraments, 2 vols., 1844-5, and Lancashire, 
 its Puritanism and Noncomformity, 2 vols., 1S69. There is a portrait of him 
 in A Short Biography of the Rev. Robert Halley, D.D., ivith selections of his 
 sermons, by his son, Rev. R. Halley, M.A., London, 1879. He is buried at 
 Abney Cemetery. 
 
 By a fire which broke out in Holt Town, August 22, Mr. Carson, manu- 
 facturing chemist, and a boy in his employ lost their lives. Mr. W. H. Rhodes, 
 the foreman, also died next day in consequence of injuries received. 
 
 Mr. John Roberton, M.D., died at New Mills, August 24. He was born near 
 Hamilton, Lanarkshire, 1791, but was for many years a prominent citizen of 
 Manchester. He was author of Essays and Notes on I J hysiology of Women, 
 and Mortality of Children, 1827 ; pamphlets on the climate of Manchester, and 
 others on medical, sanitary, and educational subjects, 1830-60. 
 
 Mr. John Ivon Mosley died at Manchester, September 6. He was born at 
 Piccadilly, Manchester, December 7, 1S30, and was an extraordinary self-taught 
 linguist. He is said to have been a considerable contributor to Kelly's Manx 
 Dictionary, published by the Manx Society, and was the writer of some gipsy 
 songs and other trifles in lien Bricrley's Journal, lie was employed as a 
 compositor and printer's reader, and endured much privation. 
 
 A drinking fount,' in, erected by the members of seventeen Binds of Hope 
 in Chorlton and Ilulme, was opened in Alexandra Park on September -■'<.
 
 3G0 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1876 
 
 The Right Hon. John Bright, M.P., was present at a soiree of the 
 Manchester Reform Club, on October 2, and delivered an address. 
 
 A meeting was held, October 26, under the auspices of the Manchester and 
 Salford Shorthand Writers' Association, to welcome Mr. Isaac Pitman, and to 
 hear from him a statement of the present position of phonography and the 
 spelling reform. Dr. Samuel Crompton presided. A report was printed in 
 pamphlet form. 
 
 The new Conservative Club, at the corner of Cross Street and St. Ann 
 Street, opened by Mr. Richard Assheton Cross, Home Secretary, October 26. 
 
 Mr. H. B. Peacock died November 16. He was born December 9, 1801, 
 educated at the Grammar School, and apprenticed to a tailor and draper, and 
 engaged in business in St. Ann's Square. It was mainly owing to Mr. Peacock's 
 enterprise that the erection of the Prince's Theatre was due. About 1810 Mr. 
 Peacock aided in the establishment of the short-lived North of England 
 Magazine, to which he contributed articles on Manchester Society. Mr. 
 Peacock, about middle life, surrendered his business engagements and joined 
 the staff of the Manchester Examiner and Times. Mr. Peacock was also a 
 poet, and one of his effusions, A Can of Cream from Devon, came under the 
 notice of Leigh Hunt, and secured his approbation. 
 
 Sir Elkanah Armitage, Knight, died at Hope Hall, November 26. Sir 
 Elkanah was born at Newton Heath, September 6, 1794. In early life he opened 
 a draper's shop in Blackfriars Street. He then became a manufacturer of bed- 
 ticks, in Macdonald's Lane and also in Cannon Street. He gave up his shop and 
 took a mill at Swinton, and from there removed to Pendleton. In 1838 he was 
 boroughreeve of Salford, and as such laid the first stone of Victoria Bridge. In 
 1838 Mr. Armitage was elected councillor for Exchange Ward, Manchester, and 
 became an alderman in 1841. On November 9th, 1846, he was elected mayor, an 
 office which he served for two years. During his second year of office there 
 was great distress in the country and there were riots. Owing chiefly to the 
 advice of Mr. Alderman Heywood, the mayor and corporation made extensive 
 preparations for the preservation of the peace, and every attempt at rioting 
 was immediately put down. For his services as mayor during these times, Mr. 
 Armitage was knighted in 1848. Sir Elkanah was a trustee of the Grammar 
 School and of the Royal Infirmary. He was J.P. for Manchester, and a J.P. 
 and D.L. for Lancashire, of which, in 1866, he was high sheriff. Sir Elkanah 
 unsuccessfully contested Salford as a Liberal in 1857. 
 
 Mr. John Hart Estcourt died at Lightcliffe, near Halifax, December 4. He 
 was one of the leading spirits of the Union and Emancipation Society, and was 
 the author of Slavery, Sovereignty, Secession, and Recognition, Manchester, 
 1863. 
 
 Councillor John Waterhouse died December 6, in his sixty-ninth year. He 
 entered the council in 1866, as the representative of St. James's Ward. He was 
 three times re-elected without opposition. 
 
 One hundred and sixty-two thousand Christmas cards passed through 
 the Manchester Post Office during the Saturday, Sunday, and Monday, 
 December 23, 24, and 25. 
 
 According to a Parliamentary return, the sum of £1,513,446 had been spent 
 in building or restoring churches in the diocese of Manchester since 1840.
 
 1877j Annals of Manchester. 361 
 
 1877. 
 
 Mr. William Shore died at Buxton, January 18, aged 86 years. Mr. Shore 
 was a stock and share broker. He was an accomplished musical composer; and 
 for thirty or forty years was organist of Cross Street Chapel. He was a founder 
 of the Gentleman's Glee Club and of the Manchester Madrigal Society, and was 
 largely concerned in arranging the last Choral Festival held at the Collegiate 
 Church in 1830. 
 
 A lecture on the Arctic Expedition was delivered by Captain Markham, one 
 of its leading officers, at the Athenasuni, January 19. 
 
 The English Dialect Society was transferred from Cambridge to Manchester, 
 and the first meeting under the new arrangement was held January 29. 
 
 The Manchester Junior Conservative Club was opened January 29. 
 
 The last monthly meeting of the City Council was held in the Old Town 
 Hall, King Street, January 31. The public business in the hall commenced in 
 1S25, and the first council was formed in 1838. Only one member of the original 
 council was then alive, and that was Alderman Willert, who had been a member 
 since 1838. 
 
 A town's meeting was held on February 21, at the Town Hall, King Street, 
 for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the desirability of devoting that 
 building to the purposes of a Central Free Reference Library, and a resolution 
 was passed approving of the plan. 
 
 Alderman Benjamin Nicholls died at his residence, York House, Oxford 
 Street, on March 1. He was born in 1790, and in 1816 became a cotton manu- 
 facturer in Manchester, and in 1833 built the mill Chapel Street, where he con- 
 ducted an extensive and profitable concern for ove.' forty years. In November, 
 1815, Mr. Nich< lis entered the Town Council as representative for St. Clement's 
 Ward, and in 1855 became alderman for St. George's Ward. In 1S53 he was 
 May.:r of Manchester, and in 1855 became a J. P. for the city. He tojk a great 
 interest in education, and by his will founded the Nicholls Hospital. 
 
 John M'Kenna was executed at the county prison, Manchester, for the 
 murder of his wife, March 27. 
 
 Owing to the dangerous character of the Free Library building at Camp- 
 field, all the books were removed to rooms in the rear of the Old Town Hall 
 during the last few days of March, pending the decision of the City Council as 
 to their ultimate destination. 
 
 At an adjourned meeting of the City Council, on April 25, it was resolved 
 that the Reference Library should be temporarily located in the Old Town Hall, 
 and that the Libraries Committee be requested to inquire after a suitable site 
 in the centre of the city for the erection of a reference library worthy of the city. 
 
 At a densely-crowded meeting, held at the Free Trade Hall, on April 30, 
 the carpenters and joiners of Manchester, Salford, and neighbourhood resolved 
 to strike in consequence of the employers re fusing to grant an advance from 
 Ski. to lOd. per hour in wages. The masters had oll'ereil 9d. an hour, but refused 
 more. Accordingly, on the following Friday, about 4,500 men ceased work; 
 1,700 remaining on the books of the union, whilst others found work in 
 neighbouring towns. 
 
 Lieutenant-General Ulysses S. Grant, ex-president of the United States,
 
 362 Annals of Manchester. [1877 
 
 visited Manchester on May 30, and besides accepting the usual address and 
 luncheon from the Corporation, he visited the works of Sir Joseph Whitworth, 
 Messrs. Watts's warehouse, and other objects of interest, remaining during the 
 night at the Town Hall as the guest of the mayor. 
 
 The foundation stone of the Knot Mill covered market was laid on May 10, 
 by Councillor John Ashton, chairman of the Markets Committee. It is on the 
 site of the Knot Mill fair ground. 
 
 The first annual May conference and public meeting of the Vegetarian 
 Society was held on May 12, at the Roby Schools, under the presidency of Pro- 
 fessor F. W. Newman. 
 
 The Albert Park, Broughton, containing sixteen acres of land, was opened 
 by the Mayor of Salford on May 12, in the presence of a great concourse of 
 people. A hope was expressed that the third park (at Ordsal) would be opened 
 the following year, and then there would be one hundred acres of park land 
 within the borough. Albert Park had cost about £6,000 for the land, and 
 another £6,000 for laying it out. 
 
 The first line of tramways in Manchester and Salford was formally opened 
 on May 17th, when thirteen cars were placed on the line and proceeded from 
 the Woolpack, at Pendleton, to the Grove Inn, Higher Broughton, a distance 
 of two miles and a half. The Tramways Committees of both Corporations 
 occupied the foremost cars. 
 
 The annual Whitsuntide Flower Show at the Botanical Gardens, Old 
 Trafford, commenced on May 21st, when about 10,000 visitors, or nearly double 
 the number in 1876, entered the gates, and throughout the week there was a 
 large increase on previous years, with the agreeable result that the debt which 
 had long hampered the committee was practically cleared off. 
 
 Mr. Philip Pearsall Carpenter, Ph.D., died at Montreal, May 23. He was 
 born at Bristol, November 4, 1819, and was educated at Manchester New 
 College. He was Unitarian minister at Stand 1841-46, and at Warrington 
 1846-58. He then visited America 1858-60, and returning to England was married 
 October 1, 1860, at the German Church in Manchester, in which city, from 1862 
 to 1865, he gave much time during the cotton famine to teaching the unemployed 
 operatives. In 1865 he settled at Montreal, where he died. The life of this 
 singularly fine character has been told by his brother in the Memoirs of P. P. 
 Carpenter, London, 1880. He was an ardent social reformer, and a man of 
 great scientific ability, especially in the domain of conchology. He was a 
 prolific writer on temperance, hygiene, morals, and science. 
 
 The first of the cocoa rooms or temperance taverns about to be started in 
 Manchester was opened in Shudehill, May 23. 
 
 Mr. William Lloyd Garrison visited Manchester. This was the last visit 
 to England of the great friend of the American slave. He died May 24, 1879. 
 
 Mr. John Alexander Bremner, F.S.S., died at his residence Hilton House, 
 Prestwich, May 25, 1877. He was educated at the Grammar School, and 
 first appeared prominently before the public as one of the Executive 
 Committee of the Education Aid Society, of which society he was, after the 
 death of Mr. E. Brotherton, chosen honorary secretary, and he was often con- 
 sulted by Mr. Forster when he was preparing the Education Bill of 1870. Mr. 
 Bremner was a member of the Manchester Board of Guardians, a deputy-
 
 187 7] Annals 0/ Manchester. 363 
 
 treasurer of the Royal Infirmary, and a J. P. for Lancashire and for the city of 
 Manchester. He was also hon. sec. of the Spencer Society. 
 
 Mr. Henry Ratcliffe, for twenty-nine years secretary to the Manchester 
 Unity of Oddfellows, died in Manchester, May 25. Admitted a member of the 
 Order in 183a, he was three years later elected Provincial Grand Master. In 
 addition to the onerous duties of this office, he had been entrusted with the 
 compilation and publication of statistical tables and reports on the financial 
 condition of the Unity, and other works of a similar character. In 18G2, from 
 data obtained between 1856 and 18G0, Mr. Ratcliffe published his second series 
 of observations on the rate of mortality and sickness existing amongst 
 Friendly Societies ; and in 1872 a third contribution to this subject from data 
 obtained between 18G6 and 1S70. In 1871 he was instructed to prepare a valua- 
 tion of the assets and liabilities of every lodge in the Unity, with the view to 
 financial adjustment, and this great work was completed and published in 
 1S73. He was appointed Treasury public valuer for England and Wales under 
 the Friendly Societies Act, 1875, and also to certify annuities, which was a 
 fitting tribute to his great talents as a statistician. 
 
 Sir James Philips Kay-Shut tleworth, Bart., died May 26. He was born in 
 Rochdale, July 20, 1804, and became a physician in Manchester, and, as Dr. 
 J. P. Kay, attained a high reputation in his profession. His extensive know- 
 ledge of educational statistics led to his being appointed Secretary to the 
 Committee of Council of Education, on resigning which office, in 1849, he was 
 created a baronet. Sir James was the author of Scarsdale, Bibblesdale, and 
 also of some works on social politics. He was High Sheriff of Lancashire in 
 1S64, and in 1870 received the honorary degree of D.C.L. from the University of 
 Oxford. On February 24, 1842, Dr. Kay married Janet, only child and heiress 
 of Robert Shuttleworth, of Gawthorpe Hall, and assumed by royal licence 
 the additional surname of Shuttleworth. 
 
 Mr. Hugh Birley, M.P., laid the foundation stone of the new Adult Deaf 
 and Dumb Institution in Grosvenor Street, Oxford Street, on June 2. 
 
 The Corporation obtained an injunction on June 4, in the Chancery of 
 Lancashire, restraining a potato dealer from selling wholesale in a cellar in 
 Shudehill, near the plaintiffs' market. The case, "The Mayor, &c., of Manchester 
 v. Clarke," is reported in local papers. 
 
 The new line from Manchester to Liverpool, in connection with the 
 Cheshire Lines Committee, was opened on June 26 to its full extent. 
 
 At a meeting of the shareholders of the Manchester Aquarium Company 
 Limited, on July 4, it was resolved to wind up the same, as the receipts were 
 less than the expenditure. 
 
 At a meeting of the City Council, July 4, the scheme for supplying Man- 
 chester with water from Thirl mere was adopted. 
 
 The first meeting of the Council of the newly-elected Liberal Association 
 for Manchester was held at the Reform Club, .July 5. 
 
 The Central Station, Windmill Street, was opened for general traffic, July !'. 
 
 The memorial stone of the new Church of St. Mary, in Palmerston Street, 
 Bradford-cuni-Beswick, was laid by Bishop Eraser, July 16. 
 
 The opening recital on the organ erected by Mons. CavaillJ-Coll, of Pari-. 
 in the New Town Hall, was given by Mr. YV. T. Best, July 18.
 
 364 Annals of Manchester 
 
 [1877 
 
 The Congress of the British Medical Association was held in Manchester 
 on August 7, 8, 9, and 10. The Association had twice previously visited this 
 town — in 1836 and in 1854. On the first occasion it numbered 600 members, on 
 the second, 2,900, while on this occasion it had increased to upwards of 7,000 of 
 the leading practitioners spread over the kingdom. 
 
 The first reception held in the new Town Hall took place on August 8, 
 when the members of the British Medical Association and a number of local 
 gentlemen were the guests of the Mayor and Corporation. 
 
 At a town's meeting in the old Town Hall, on August 21, it was resolved 
 to open a subscription on behalf of the sufferers by famine in Southern India. 
 Dr. Vaughan, Bishop of Sa'.ford, having purchased the Manchester 
 Aquarium for dB6,9n0, a meeting of Boman Catholics of Manchester and Salford 
 was held at the Aquarium, on August 31, to consider how it might be utilised. 
 It was decided to form a board of management and carry it on as before for a 
 few months, in order to judge whether the people of Manchester wished the 
 aquarium to remain open to the public as such. 
 
 A great political demonstration by the Conservative and Constitutional 
 Associations of Lancashire, Yorkshire, Cheshire, Derbyshire, and Stafford- 
 shire, was held at Belle Vue, September 1. 
 
 At the meeting of the City Council, on September 5, Alderman Curtis 
 presented the Corporation, on behalf of the subscribers, with a magnificent 
 service of plate, costing six thousand guineas, the result of a subscription 
 initiated and chiefly collected by Alderman Curtis during his second mayoralty, 
 1875-6. The service is of solid silver, parcel gilt, and weighing upwards of ten 
 thousand ounces. It comprises one plateau, 15ft. long by 2ft. 7in. wide ; two 
 candelabra, 3ft. 4in. high, and each bearing thirteen lights ; ten candelabra, 
 2ft. lOin. high, and each bearing nine lights ; three centre pieces, oval in shape, 
 fitted with dishes of ruby glass, to contain flowers ; ten fruit stands, 12in. 
 high, fitted with dishes of ruby glass; twenty-four compotiers, fitted with 
 ruby glass dishes ; twenty-four ice dishes ; in all, a total of seventy-four 
 pieces. Added to the service are two loving cups, specially presented by the 
 Overseers. These are 18in. high by 9iin. diameter of bowl, and each has three 
 handles. The design of the service is Gothic, of the Early English period, with 
 a free use of ornament based upon Byzantine examples ; the intention of the 
 designer and the architect being that the service should harmonise with the 
 style of the building in which it is to be placed. 
 
 The new Town Hall of the City of Manchester, the first stone of which 
 had been laid on October 26, 1868, and the top stone of the tower fixed on 
 December 4, 1S75, was opened by the Mayor (Alderman Abel Heywood) on 
 September 13. The members of the Council assembled at the old Town 
 Hall, and marched three abreast, with proper accompaniments of horse 
 and foot soldiers, fire brigade, and policemen, to Albert Square, where Sir 
 Joseph Heron presented the Mayor with a golden key, with which he opened 
 the doors, and the Council proceeded straight to their chamber amidst a flourish 
 of trumpets and the performance of the National Anthem. A meeting of the 
 Council was then held under the presidency of the ex-Mayor (Alderman Curtis), 
 and on the proposition of the two oldest aldermen, Messrs. Willert and Bake, 
 an address for presentation to the Mayor was adopted, and afterwards pre-
 
 1877] Annals of Manchester. 365 
 
 sented in the banquetting-room. In the evening a banquet was given by the 
 Mayor and Corporation in the large public room, the guests numbering four 
 hundred, and including the Lord Chief Justice (Sir Alexander Cockburn), 
 Bishop Fraser, Lords Tollemache and Winmarleigh, Mr. Justice Hawkins, the 
 Right Hon. John Bright, M.P., and other members of the House of Commons ; 
 the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor of York, the Right Hon. the Lord Provost of 
 Edinburgh, and the mayors of the neighbouring towns ; the members of the 
 City Council, and representatives of the magistracy, members of the legal, 
 medical, and clerical professions, and representatives of public bodies. On 
 the same day the Mayor was presented with a richly-cut large glass goblet, 
 bearing a beautifully-cut full front view of the Town Hall, manufactured and 
 given by the men at the Prussia Street Flint Glass "Works, Oldham Road. On 
 the following day, September 14, the bakers of Manchester presented his 
 worship with a beautifully-illuminated address, and the operative stonemasons' 
 societies of Manchester, Salford, and Hulme presented him with an illuminated 
 address in the shape of a book. In the evening the reception and ball took 
 place in the large public room and was numerously attended, invitations 
 having been issued to about three thousand people. The public celebrations 
 were brought to a close on Saturday, September 15, when a great demonstra- 
 tion of trade and friendly societies took place. The huge procession, which 
 was between live and six miles long and contained nearly 50,000 persons, started 
 from the Infirmary en route for Albert Square about twelve o'clock. When 
 several of the societies had reached the Square the bands played the National 
 Anthem, followed by three cheers for the Mayor and Mayoress and John 
 Bright ; the bells then commenced playing, and the procession marched past. 
 Sixty-nine societies took part, and afterwards went, some to Manley Park and 
 Pomona Gardens, others to Alexandra Park, and others to Belle Vue. The 
 total cost of the Town Hall building and fittings was about £4S0,000, and, 
 including land, about £775,000. During one time more than 1,000 builders' men 
 were engaged, and for more than twelve months between 600 and 700 masons 
 were kept in constant employment, being fully 100 more than were ever 
 engaged upon the Houses of Parliament at any one time. Of stone, 4S0,000 
 cubic feet were used ; bricks, 10,500,000 ; roofing, two and a half acres ; iron 
 beams and girders, two miles ; lead, 129 tons ; tracery in windows, 9,000 super- 
 ficial feet ; stone columns and shafts in groins, 13,500 feet ; bulls'-eyes in orna- 
 mental lead windows, 12,120 ; and gas burners, 3,000. The total number of 
 rooms in the building is three hundred and fourteen. Messrs. Taylor, of 
 Loughborough, considered that the peal of bells was the greatest undertaking 
 of the kind previously attempted. They form an almost chromatic scale of 
 luenty-one bells, reaching within half a note of two octaves. Ten of them 
 are hung as a ringing peal, and are of the same weight as the famous Bow 
 bells. The large bell, G, weighs G tons 9 cwt., and is believed to be the fourth 
 largest in the country and the sixteenth in the world. Big Ben, at the Houses 
 of Parliament, weighs 13 tons 11 cwt.; Peter of York, 10 tons 1", cwt.; and Tom 
 of Oxford, 7 tons 12 cwt.; but Big Ben is cracked, and Tom cannot be used. 
 Each of the twenty-one bells has on it the initials of a member of the Town 
 Council (of thai date) or Corporation official, ami round the top of each there 
 is also inscribed a line of Tennyson's well-known lyric from his " In
 
 ZG6 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1878 
 
 Memoriam." The quotation begins with the last line in the second verse, and 
 after giving two verses ipsissima verba, omits the next, and then adheres to the 
 text in the other three verses. 
 
 The first number of Comus, issued October 2. No. 21, the last number, was 
 issued February 21, 1878. 
 
 Mr. Charles Swallow died at his residence, Ardwick, on October 3, aged 70. 
 He was born at Sterne Mills, Halifax, in 1807, and had lived in Manchester 
 more than forty years. In 1854 he became agent for the Manchester Auxiliary 
 of the British and Foreign Bible Society, afterwards becoming Secretary of 
 the Lancashire district for the parent society. A few years before his death he 
 retired on a pension. 
 
 A house dinner was given on Wednesday, October 3, by the members of 
 the Reform Club to the Mayor of Manchester (Alderman Abel Heywood). 
 
 The corner-stone of the gasworks at Philips Park was laid t by Alderman 
 Hopkinson, October 10th. 
 
 The Church Club, at the corner of John Dalton Street'and Deansgate, was 
 formally opened by Bishop Fraser on October 23. 
 
 The ceremony of blessing the foundation of the new Roman Catholic College 
 of St. Bede, Alexandra Park, was performed by Dr. Vaughan, Bishop of 
 Salford, October 29. The building was previously the home of the Manchester 
 Aquarium. 
 
 The first public meeting in the large room at the New Town Hall was held 
 on December 11, when Sir Arthur Cotton and Mr. John Bright delivered 
 addresses on the means to prevent the recurrence of famines in India. 
 
 1878. 
 
 A presentation of two hundred guineas and an illuminated address was 
 made in the Salford Town Hall, on January 12, to Mark Addy, as an acknow- 
 ledgment for the rescue of many persons from drowning. Mr. W. T. Charley, 
 M.P., made the presentation on behalf of the subscribers. 
 
 A crowded town's meeting was held on J anuary 15, to urge the Government 
 to maintain strict neutrality in the Eastern Question. A resolution to the 
 same effect was passed at a special meeting of the City Council on 
 January 14. 
 
 The Crown Prince of Austria visited Manchester on January 29, and 
 inspected various objects of interest. 
 
 George Piggott, who had been condemned to death for the murder of 
 Florence Galloway, at Broughton, on December 5, 1877, was executed in the 
 County Gaol, Strangeways, on February 4. 
 
 The Cheetham Free Library, in York Street, was opened on February 11. 
 The library was built at a cost of some £10,000, and possesses a reading-room of 
 more than 90ft. in length. On the same date the Manchester Free Reference 
 Library, in King Street, which had previously been the Town Hall, was 
 formally opened by the Mayor, Mr. Alderman Grundy. The Reference Library 
 reading-room is one of the finest in the kingdom. 
 
 Mr. John Stuart, of The Elms, Higher Broughton, died February 26. 
 Mr. Stuart was born near Markethill, in Ireland, in 1798, where his father had
 
 1378] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 367 
 
 a farm. At 26 years of age he emigrated to the United States, and in 182S he 
 founded, in Philadelphia, in partnership with his brother Joseph, the business 
 house of Stuart and Brother. In 1831 he opened, in New York, a dry goods 
 house, which'af terwards gave place to the banking firm of J. and J. Stuart and 
 Co. In 1834 he settled in Manchester, and in 1846 founded the banking house 
 of John Stuart and Co. Mr. Stuart was the principal supporter of a refuge for 
 fallen women in Manchester, and also took great interest in the Young Men's 
 Christian Association. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Gregory died in February. During the Free Trade agitation he 
 was a prominent supporter of protection. He was author of a pamphlet 
 entitled Look at Home : the Fallacies of Free Trade Exposed. He was an 
 advocate of the Ten Hours Bill. 
 
 Momus, No. 1, was issued March 7. The last number October 5, 1882. 
 
 A vocal concert and choral competition by*tonic-sol-fa choirs of Manchester 
 and Salford was given at the Free Trade Hall, March 9. 
 
 The Corporation "Water Bill, of which the Thirlmere scheme was a promi- 
 nent feature, came before a select committee of the House of Commons on 
 March 12, and the preamble was declared to be passed (subject to the under- 
 standing that certain clauses were inserted) on March 26. 
 
 The flower show of the Botanical and Horticultural Society was held in the 
 New Town Hall, March 19. 
 
 At a public meeting, held at the Memorial Hall, a memorial was adopted 
 to be sent to the Councils of Manchester and Salford, asking for the opening 
 of free libraries and museums on Sundays. March 27. 
 
 Upwards of one thousand original sketches, drawings, and etchings, by the 
 late George Cruikshank, were exhibited at the.Royal Exchange during March. 
 
 The Corporation obtained an injunction on April 1, in the Chancery of 
 Lancashire, to restrain another potato dealer from selling wholesale at premises 
 in Edge Street, close to the plaintiffs' market, without paying tolls to the 
 plaintiffs. ("The Mayor, &c, of Manchester v. Fallows " reported in local 
 papers. See June 4, 1877.) 
 
 Sir James Watts, Knight, died at Abney Hall, Cheshire, April 6. He was 
 born in March, 1804, and was in business in Manchester, in partnership with 
 his brothers, Samuel and John. In 1848 he was elected councillor for St. 
 James's Ward, became mayor in 1855, was re-elected in 1856, and at the same 
 time an alderman. On the occasion of the visit of the Queen to open the Art 
 Treasures Exhibition, in 1857, she conferred the honour of knighthood upon 
 Alderman "Watts. Sir James was a J.P. for Manchester, and in 1871 served 
 the office of High Sheriff of Cheshire. 
 
 Tho tenth annual congress of the Co-operative Societies of Great Britain 
 was held in the Co-operative Hall, Downing Street, April 22 and two 
 following days. The Marquis of Ripon presided on the first day, the Bishop of 
 Manchester on the second, and Dr. John Watts on the third. 
 
 A conference, consisting of fifteen hundred delegat es, t o protest against this 
 country entering into war, was held in the Free Trade Hall, on April 30, and in 
 the evening a public meeting was addressed by the Right Hon. John Bright, 
 M.P., to the same purpose. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Elford Poynting, minister of the Unitarian Church, Monton,
 
 368 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1873 
 
 and theological tutor of the Unitarian Home Missionary Board, died April 30. 
 Of humble origin, he was a man of profound learning and philosophical spirit. 
 He was the author of the History of Monton Chapel, and of various tracts and 
 sermons. 
 
 An exhibition of art treasures, in aid of a fund for the erection of a new 
 building for the School of Art, was opened by Alderman Grundy (mayor), at the 
 Royal Institution, May 16. The departments comprised blue and white porce- 
 lain, enamels, arms and armour, Persian art, embroidery, ivory carvings, 
 Wedgewood ware, and Oriental lacquer wood and porcelain. 
 
 The strike of joiners in Manchester came to an end early in May, having 
 lasted twelve months. Some eight hundred men went on strike, and it is 
 calculated that they lost at least £50,000 in wages, although some £50,000 was 
 received by them as strike pay. 
 
 The Rev. William McKerrow, D.D., ex-moderator of the Presbyterian 
 Church of England, died at Bowdon, June 4, aged 75 years. A native of 
 Kilmarnock, he was educated at Glasgow University, was ordained in 1827, 
 and became minister of Lloyd Street Presbyterian Chapel, in succession to the 
 Rev. Dr. Jack. When this chapel was pulled down, in 1858, the congregation 
 removed to Brunswick Street, where Dr. McKerrow ministered until a short 
 time previous to his death. In 1876 he completed the fiftieth year of his 
 ministry, and the jubilee was celebrated by the whole of the Presbyterian body, 
 who presented him with a testimonial of the value of over £1,000 and an illu- 
 minated address, whilst a scholarship was also founded by^subscription and 
 established in connection with the Manchester School Board. He was one of the 
 principal organisers of the United Kingdom Alliance, a member of the Man- 
 chester School Board from its formation, and took an active part in the agitation 
 of the Anti-Corn-Law League. 
 
 41 Victoria, cap. 55. Act to provide for the appointment and remuneration 
 of separate stipendiary justices for the division of Manchester and for the 
 borough of Salford, and for other purposes, June 17. 
 
 St. Mary's Church, Beswick, consecrated by Bishop Fraser, June 17. 
 Messrs. Paley and Austin were the architects, and the cost of erection £9,500. 
 
 Mr. Charles James Mathews died at the Queen's Hotel, June 24. He was 
 the son of Charles Mathews, the celebrated actor, and was born at Liverpool, 
 December 26, 1803. He was intended for the Church, but was apprenticed to an 
 architect. He afterwards adopted the stage as his profession, and was 
 successively lessee and manager of the Olympic, Covent Garden, and Lyceum 
 Theatres. He was author of several comediettas, mostly adapted from the 
 French. Mr. Mathews was recognised as a master of light and eccentric 
 comedy. 
 
 41 and 42 Victoria, cap. 163. Act to confirm certain provisional orders made 
 by the Board of Trade under the Tramways Act, 1870, relating to Cardiff tram- 
 ways (extension), Manchester Corporation tramways, Manchester suburban 
 tramways, and Oldham Borough tramways. July 2. 
 
 41 and 42 Victoria, cap. 141. Act for incorporating the Manchester 
 Suburban Tramways Company, and for empowering them to construct tram- 
 ways in the neighbourhood of Manchester, and for other purposes. July 4. 
 
 The annual exhibition promoted by the National Rose Society held at the
 
 1878] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 369 
 
 Botanical Gardens, Old Trafford, July 6, being the first time that the society 
 had held its exhibition out of London. 
 
 St. Bride's Church, Shrewsbury Street, Brooks's Bar, was consecrated by 
 Bishop Fraser, August 2. 
 
 The Langworthy wing of the Peel Park Museum, built from a bequest of 
 Mr. Alderman Langworthy, was opened on August 14 by Mr. Alderman 
 Walmsley. The wing is a handsome addition to the building, and consists of 
 a reading-room and picture gallery, respectively 74 and 104 feet in length. 
 
 Mr. James Mudie Spence died at Heme Bay, August 15. He was born in 
 1836, and was the son of Mr. Peter Spence, F.C.S. He spent much of his life in 
 travel in Norway, California, and South America. He wrote The Land cf 
 Bolivar, 1878, which is an account of his residence in Venezuela, where he made 
 the ascent of the Pico de Naiguata, 9,430 feet high. Amongst the plants then 
 gathered is one named after him, Chusquea Sjiencei. He was a member of 
 the Alpine Club, and a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. He is buried 
 in the Salford Cemetery. 
 
 The Manchester Free Libraries were first opened to the public on Sundays 
 on September 9. 
 
 St. Clement's Church, Ordsal, was consecrated by Bishop Fraser, Septem- 
 ber 14. Paley and Austin were the architects, and the cost of erection was £9,000 
 
 Mr. Joseph Kay, Q.C., died October 9, at Fredley, Dorking. Mr. Kay 
 who was a younger brother of Sir J. P. Kay-Shuttleworth, was born at Ordsal 
 Cottage, Salford, in the year 1821. He was educated at Trinity College, Cam- 
 bridge, when he graduated with honours. He was called to the Bar in 184S, 
 and went the Northern Circuit ; was made a Q.C. June 23, 1S69, and was elected 
 a Bencher'of the Inner Temple in May, 1870. Mr. Kay was Judge of the Salford 
 Court of Record, and was also Solicitor-General for the County Palatine of 
 Durham. Mr. Kay unsuccessfully contested Salford in the Liberal interest in 
 1874 and in 1877. He was the author of Education in England and Europe, 
 1850, Poor Children in English and German Towns, and other writings. 
 
 Rev. Francis R. Raines, M.A., F.S.A., Hen. Canon of Manchester, died 
 October 17, at Scarborough. Canon Raines was born at Whitby, February 22, 
 1805. He was originally designed for the medical profession, but, changing his 
 intentions, went to St. Bees' College and Queen's College, Cambridge, to prepare 
 for the ministry. In 182S he took Deacon's orders, and in 1829 was admitted 
 to Priest's orders by the Bishop of Chester. In 1832 he was appointed Vicar 
 of Milnrow, near Rochdale, where he remained until his death. From 1846 to 
 1877 he was Rural Dean of Rochdale, and in 1849 was made Honorary Canon of 
 Manchester Cathedral. The Archbishop of Canterbury conferred upon him 
 the degree of M.A. in 1845, and he was a Fellowof the Society of Antiquaries. 
 As a member of the Chetham Society he edited or compiled several volumes for 
 that body, including Bishop Gastrell's Notitia Cestriensis, History of the 
 Lancashire Chantries, Wardens of Manchester, The Vicars of Rochdale, &c. 
 At his death he bequeathed to the Chetham College Library all his antiquarian 
 manuscripts, amounting to more than forty folio volumes, of exceeding value 
 lo historians. He was interred at Milnrow. 
 
 The new bridge over the Irwell at Old Trafford was opened by the Mayor 
 of Salford, Mr. Alderman F. H. Walmsley, November 7.
 
 370 Annals of Manchester'. 
 
 [1879 
 
 A visit was paid to the Reference Library by the United Field Naturalists 
 on Sunday, November 24. Mr. W. E. A. Axon gave an address on the botanical 
 books, which was afterwards printed. This was the first occasion of the sort. 
 
 Mr. George Hanson died at Bradford, Yorkshire, December 19. He was a 
 native of Manchester, and educated at the Grammar School, but removed to 
 Wilsden, Yorkshire, where he took an active part in public affairs. He was 
 treasurer of the Airedale College. (Manchester City News Notes and 
 Queries, vol. ii., p. 3.) 
 
 The Free Lance, a Manchester weekly periodical, ceased to be published on 
 December 21. The first number was published in December, 1866. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Smith, founder of the Social Institution, died at his 
 residence at the Maple Spring Hotel, of Wissahicken, Pennsylvania. Of this 
 benevolent but somewhat eccentric person, Mr. Holyoake has given an amusing 
 account in his History of Co-operation (vol. 1., p. 364, vol ii., pp. 362, 374, 435.) 
 He was at Peterloo, and afterwards joined the Blanketeers, and, when a 
 Socialist, was known as the " sheepmaker," because he would not allow 
 audiences to leave a meeting until they had subscribed money for a sheep for the 
 benefit of the Queenwood community. There is an interesting account of his 
 work as a wood-carver in Holyoake's Among the Americans, London. 1881. 
 
 1879. 
 
 A new Conservative Club was opened on January 9, in Great Clowes Street, 
 Broughton, by the Solicitor-General, Sir Hardinge GifFard. 
 
 Rev. William Arthur Darby, M.A., F.R.A.S., died January 10, aged 69. 
 He was rector of St. Luke's, Chorlton-on-Medlock. He was author of several 
 Anti-Roman Catholic pamphlets, and of The Astronomical Observer, 1864. 
 
 Mr. Henry Dunckley, M.A., editor of the Manchester Examiner and 
 Times, and author of the Letters of Verax, was entertained at dinner at the 
 Reform Club on January 15. A presentation was at the same time made to 
 him by a number of gentlemen, of 700 guineas, a silver service, and a number 
 of selected books. 
 
 St. John's Church, Deansgate, after being restored at a cost of £1,600, was 
 re-opened on February 13. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Rayner Stephens died, February 18. He was born at Edinburgh 
 in 1805, where his father, a Wesleyan minister, was then stationed. He soon 
 afterwards came to Manchester, and was educated at the Grammar School, 
 and joined with Harrison Ainsworth in private theatricals. At twenty he 
 became a Wesleyan minister, and was sent to Stockholm, where he studied 
 Scandinavian literature with great ardour and success. On his return to 
 England in 1830, he was suspended by the Conference for speaking in favour 
 of the separation of Church and State. He was an earnest advocate of the Ten 
 Hours Bill, and became a leader of the Chartist party. He was tried at 
 Chester, August, 1839, on a charge of sedition, and sentenced to eighteen 
 months' imprisonment. His oratorical powers were of a very unusual order, 
 and were again exerted during the cotton famine. He was resident in Man- 
 chester or Stalybridge for more than half a century (Holyoake's Life of Joseph 
 Bayner Stephens. London, 1881). It was he who first turned the attention of
 
 1879J 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 371 
 
 his younger brother, Professor George Stephens, of Copenhagen, to the study 
 of Northern literature. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Templar, a well-known schoolmaster in Manchester, died at 
 Southport on March 4. He was a native of Bristol, and obtained his first 
 appointment in the British School at Bridport. In 1854 he was appointed 
 master of the Model Secular School, Jackson's Row, Manchester. About 1867 
 he resigned this situation and opened a private school at Tetlow Fold, Cheetham, 
 and subsequently at Birkdale, near Southport. He was the author of several 
 manuals, including Reading Lessons in Social Economy, A Graduated School 
 Arithmetic, and The Religious Difficidty in National Education. 
 
 Mr. Alderman Paul Ferdinand Willert died at Higher Broughton on 
 March 18. He was a native"of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and was born 
 in 1794. He came to England in 1821, and commenced business in Manchester. 
 He was a commissioner of police from 1828 until the powers of the Com- 
 missioners were transferred to the Corporation. In 1838 he was elected to 
 represent the Ardwick Ward in the Town Council, and in 1841 he was made an 
 alderman, and assigned to the Oxford Ward, which he afterwards exchanged 
 for that of Cheetham. Not only was he a skilful financier, but he was a man 
 of culture and acquirements, for many years playing second violin in the 
 amateur orchestra of the Gentlemen's Concert Hall, and at the same time 
 taking an interest in the Foreign Library of which he was treasurer. He was 
 much respected by a large number of acquaintances. 
 
 St. James's Church, Broughton, consecrated by Bishop Fraser, March 31. 
 Palej r and Austin were the architects, and the cost of erection was £7,350. 
 
 Dr. Andrea Crestadoro, chief librarian of the Corporation Free Libraries of 
 Manchester, died April 7. He was born at Genoa in 1808, and educated at the 
 Grammar School there, and at the University of Turin, where he took the 
 degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He shortly afterwards became professor of 
 natural philosophy in that seat of learning. About the same time he published 
 a translation of Bancroft's History of America, as well as some minor treatises 
 on political and social economy. In 1852, being then a resident of Salford, and 
 at subsequent periods, he patented several inventions, including one entitled 
 "Improvements in the means and apparatus for navigating the air." In 1SG1 
 he was appointed chief librarian of the Manchester Free Libraries, and in 1878 
 he was created by the King of Italy a Cavaliere dell' Ordine de Corona d'ltali;-.. 
 In 1861 he published a work entitled, Du Pouvoir Temporcl ct de la 
 Souverainete Pontificate. His aptitude for bibliography was exceptional, and 
 for some years he undertook the compilation of the British Catalogue for 
 Messrs. Sampson, Low, and Co. In 1856 he published a pamphlet on The Art 
 of Making Catalogues. The first volume of the catalogue of the Manchester 
 Reference Library was compiled by him, and is a work which exhibits much 
 industry and ingenuity. He is buried at Ardwick Cemetery. 
 
 The Pendleton Reporter, No. 1, was published April 19. The title was 
 altered to the Salford, l'< ndleton, and Broughton Reporter, June 28, 1884. 
 
 Mr. George Hadfleld died at his residence, Conyngham Road, Victoria Park, 
 April 21. He wis horn at Sheffield in 1788, and was articled to an attorney of 
 that town. In 1839 he removed to Manchester and began business as a lawyer 
 in partnership with a Mr. Knight, their office being in Ridgefield. With
 
 372 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1879 
 
 different partners, and sometimes on his sole account, he had a lucrative 
 Lusiness till his retirement in 1852. In 1852 he was a member of Parliament 
 for Sheffield in the Liberal interest, which town he represented until 1874. He 
 was one of the founders of the Anti-Corn Law League, and an earnest advocate 
 of Free Trade ; but in questions relating to the rights of Dissenters he mani- 
 fested the greatest interest. He was an active member of the Mosley Street 
 Independent Chapel, and when the Independent College at "Withington, of 
 which he laid the foundation-stone, was established in 1840, he contributed the 
 sum of £2,000. To the religious body of which he was a member he was a 
 liberal benefactor. He was also the principal promoter of the litigation as to 
 Lady Hewley's charities. Some letters and details of his connection with the 
 Congregational Church, Rusholme Road, are given in Griffin's Memories of the 
 Past. 
 
 Mr. J. L. Purcell-Fitzgerald, M. A., died May 5, at Boulge Hall, Woodbridge, 
 Suffolk, in his sixty-eighth year. His favourite residence was Castle Irwell, 
 and he had large property in the neighbourhood of Pendleton. He took a 
 warm interest in the evangelisation of the masses, and frequently acted as a 
 missioner. When the lease of the old racecourse, which was on his estate, 
 fell vacant, he refused to renew it, although the action was a considerable loss. 
 He published a pamphlet explanatory of his reasons. He was a brother of Mr. 
 Edward Fitzgerald, the poet. 
 
 Mr. Charles William Sutton was appointed chief librarian of the Manchester 
 Free Libraries, in succession Dr. Crestodoro, May 7. 
 
 The Greengate Liberal Club was opened on May 13 by Mr. Williani 
 Mather, J.P. 
 
 42 Victoria, cap. 36. Act for enabling the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of 
 the city of Manchester to obtain a supply of water from lake Thirlmere, in 
 Cumberland, and for other purposes. May 23. 
 
 St. James's Iron Church, Moss Side, erected at a cost of £1,200, was opened 
 on May 31. 
 
 Mr. Ralph Abercrombie Leake, of Manchester, bequeathed by will, proved 
 in May, the sum of £2,130, respectively to the Chetham College and the Man- 
 chester Grammar School. 
 
 The Manchester Magazine, an Illustrated Northern Serial, No. 1, was 
 published in May by John Hey wood. The last number appeared in August, 1880. 
 The editor was Mr. William Gee. 
 
 Mr. Alderman James Bake died July 7. He was born in Manchester in 
 1800, and early apprenticed to the saddlery business. Subsequently he began 
 business on his own account in Port Street. In 1833 he disposed of his business 
 and became the landlord of the Post Office Hotel, from which he retired with a 
 competency in 1849. In 1853 he was elected to the Town Council, as a repre- 
 sentative of the Oxford Ward, and in 1856 he was elected to represent the 
 Cheetham Ward. In 1865 he was elected an alderman, being appointed to the 
 Oxford Ward. He was a member of the Board of the Prestwich Union, and 
 one of the trustees of the Bury New Road. 
 
 42 and 43 Victoria, cap. 190. Act for empowering the Manchester Suburban 
 Tramways Company to construct further tramways in the neighbourhood of 
 Manchester, and for other purposes. July 24.
 
 18791 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 373 
 
 Ordsal Park, Salford, was opened by Mr. Alderman T. Davies on August 2. 
 Inclusive of the purchase of land the park cost £15,000. 
 
 The corporation licences, required to be taken out annually by butchers, 
 under the Manchester Markets Act, 1846, were abolished by the City Council 
 as from August 31. 
 
 The new railway from Manchester to Whitefield was opened by the Lanca- 
 shire and Yorkshire Railway Company, September 1. 
 
 Mr. John Benjamin Smith, J.P., died at his residence, at Ascot, on Septem- 
 ber 15, in the 86th year of his age. Mr. Smith was a merchant in the cotton 
 trade in Manchester. In 1839 he was president of the Manchester Chamber of 
 Commerce. He was a prominent member of the Anti-Corn Law League, and 
 during the years 1847 to 1852 he represented Stirling in Parliament, and from 
 the latter year until 1874 was the member for Stockport. He published several 
 pamphlets on the Increased Supplies of Cotton. He was appointed a justice of 
 the peace for Lancashire in 1836. 
 
 Mr. Henry Nield died September 20. He took great interest in agriculture, 
 and from his farm, The Grange, Worsley, wrote many letters to the public 
 press on the progress and the improvement of farming. 
 
 The Library Association of the United Kingdom held its annual meeting 
 at Manchester during the week ending September 27. 
 
 M. Camille Saint-Saens, the eminent French musical composer, assisted at 
 a concert in the Gentlemen's Concert Hall, on September 29, and gave organ 
 recitals in the Manchester Town Hall on September 30. 
 
 Manchester Diocesan Churchman commenced in October. It appeared 
 monthly, under the editorship of the Rev. J. Robert O. West, until December, 
 1881, when it ceased to be issued. 
 
 The Marquis of Salisbury visited Manchester from the 16th to the 20th of 
 October, and was present at a great Conservative demonstration held at Pomona 
 Gardens on the 18th. 
 
 A great Liberal demonstration was held at Pomona Gardens on 
 October 25. The Marquis of Hartington and Mr. John Bright deli vert d 
 addresses. 
 
 The Manchester Arts Club, established for the social meeting of members 
 of the various artistic, literary, and scientific professions, was inaugurated in 
 October. 
 
 Mr. Henry Rawson died at his residence, Preetwich Lodge, on November 26. 
 He was a native of Nottingham, and began business in Manchester as a stock- 
 broker, in which business he had a successful career. He was, from 1847 to 
 1849, and from 1861 to 1869, chairman of the Manchester Stock Exchange. 
 He was for some time a principal proprietor of the Manchester Examiner and 
 Times, and the chief proprietor of the Morning Star. In 1874 he was president 
 of the Manchester Reform Club, and in 1S6S he was a candidate for the repre- 
 sentation of Salford. 
 
 The last of the Manchester Science Lectures delivered at the Pendleton 
 Town Hall, December 3, by Captain W. de W. Abney, F.R.S. The penny 
 lectures were then discontinued, owing to the falling off in public interest. The 
 lecturers included Prof. T. H. Huxley, William Huggins, W. Pengelly, and 
 other distinguished savants, and their lectures, edited by Prof. H. E. Roscoe,
 
 374 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [18S0 
 
 have been printed, and form eleven volumes of Science Lectures for the People. 
 (Manchester : John Hey wood, 1871-18S0.) 
 
 Mr. Joseph Manchester died at Sale on the 22nd of December. He was one 
 of the early proprietors of the Prince's Theatre, a promoter of the Brasenose 
 Club, and a director of the Mechanics' Institution. He was 58 years of age. 
 
 Much distress prevailed among the working classes during the winter of 
 1878-9, owing to bad trade and severe weather. 
 
 Rev. Edward Dudley Jackson, B.C.L., died December 27, in his 77th year. 
 He was educated at Cambridge, and was at one time English Master of the 
 Grammar School and perpetual curate of St. Michael's. In 1847 he became 
 Rector of St. Thomas's, Heaton Norris. He was the author of the Devotional 
 Year, 1833; Nugce Lyricoz, 1870, and other works. He is buried at 
 Cheltenham. 
 
 A small book was published entitled Religion in Manchester, by John 
 Pollitt, Oldham, 1879, containing descriptions of the Sunday services of the 
 Salvation Army, the Jews, the Josephite and Brighamite Mormons, the 
 Atheists, the Secularists, the Spiritualists, the Christadelphians, the Quakers, 
 Mr. William Birch's Free Trade Hall Assembly, Young Men's Christian 
 Association, the Irvingites, the Boatman's Bethel, the Greek Catholic 
 Church, the United Friends, the American Church, and the Deutsche Protes- 
 tantische Kirche. 
 
 At the annual meeting of the United Kingdom Alliance, Sir Wilfrid 
 Lawson was elected president in consequence of the death of Sir Walter 
 Trevelyan, who died March 29th. Sir Walter was a man of varied accomplish- 
 ments, an accomplished antiquary, a lover of art, and a man of science. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Rev. Henry Wray, M.A., died at Crawley Down, Sussex, January 10. He 
 was the son of the Rev. C. D. Wray, and was born at Manchester, 1823. Pie 
 was author of a memoir of his father ; Early Rectors of the Collegiate Church, 
 Manchester ; and Congregational Independents, 1862. {Manchester School 
 Register, vol. iii., page 246.) 
 
 The marriage of the Right Rev. James Fraser, D.D., Bishop of Manchester, 
 with Miss A. E. Frances Duncan, of | Bath, was celebrated at St. Peter's, 
 Onslow Gardens, London, January 15. Dean A. Penrhyn Stanley officiated. 
 
 Mary, wife of Mr. John Curwen, died at Norwood, January 17. She was 
 born March 24, 1819, at Manchester, where her father, Mr. Joseph Thompson, 
 was a well-known cotton spinner. An interesting account of "Lady Curwen," 
 as she was called, from her benevolent nature, is given in Memorials of John 
 Curwen. (See also under date of May 26.) 
 
 Mr. George Edmund Lomas died at his residence, Hewitt Street, Cheetham 
 January 20. He was born at Manchester, October 17, 1808, and was a cotton 
 operative, and subsequently a house painter. He was an active politician, and 
 was arrested at a Chartist meeting in Stevenson Square and tried for high 
 treason, but conducted his own defence and was acquitted. He was a very 
 effective public speaker, and as a temperance advocate is said to have delivered 
 over 5,000 lectures. (Winskill's Temperance Reformation, page 360.)
 
 1880] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 375 
 
 Mr. Thomas Wrigley, paper manufacturer, died at Bury, January 26. He 
 was born June 27, 1S08, near Bury, and educated chiefly at Bridgenorth, 
 Shropshire, and as a young man became a partner with his father in their 
 paper manufacturing business. He devoted such application to the business that 
 the firm ultimately acquired an almost unequalled position. He was appointed 
 a magistrate about 1850, and subsequently a deputy Lieutenant of the county of 
 Lancaster. In 1S72 he was High Sheriff of Lancashire. He was chairman of 
 the Bury Banking Company, and also of the Manchester Board of the Liver- 
 pool, London, and Globe Insurance Company, besides being identified with 
 many other companies. He was the first to suggest the Manchester, Bury, 
 and Rossendale Railway. 
 
 Lord Derby and Mr. John Bright, M.P., were present at a dinner given in 
 the Town Hall by the Mayor of Manchester (Mr. Alderman H. Patteson) to 
 Lord Chief Justice Coleridge and Lord Justice Brett, on January 30. 
 
 Old South-East Lancashire, No. 1, January; a monthly archaeological 
 magazine, of which only four numbers were published. The editor, Mr. J. F. 
 Matthews, emigrated to New York. 
 
 Mr. John Knowles, formerly proprietor of the Theatre Royal, Manchester, 
 died at his residence at Rugby, February 18, in the seventieth year of his age. 
 He was born in Manchester, and at an early age became a stage coach pro- 
 prietor. He subsequently succeeded his father in the coal and marble trade. 
 For some years he was proprietor of a corn and flour mill at Nuneaton. Later 
 he became a director of the Lancashire and Mutual Insurance Companies, but 
 he was chiefly remarkable for his lesseeship of both the old Theatre Royal in 
 Fountain Street, from 1842 until 1844, and of the new Theatre Royal, Peter 
 Street, from 1845 until 1875. During his tenure of the latter theatre, he 
 assembled some of the finest stock companies ever formed, and his representa- 
 tions have never been surpassed either in London or the provinces. He was a 
 successful cultivator of exotic plants, and also formed at his residence a fine 
 collection of art works, which were afterwards sold at the rooms of Messrs. 
 Christies and Manson. 
 
 Dr. William Fleming died at Rowton Grange, near Chester, February 20. 
 He was born at Manchester in 1799, and was the son of Thomas Fleming. He 
 was one of the founders of the Botanical Gardens, and was the first honorary 
 secretary of the Chetham Society. He wrote Four Days at Niagara Falls, 
 1S10, and an essay on The Works of Faithorne, 1870. 
 
 Mr. William Mather died at Cornbrook, March 8, in his fifty-fifth year. He 
 was the proprietor and manufacturer of the "Mather's plaster," and had been 
 a member of the City Council since 1868. 
 
 Mr. William Hull, artist, died March 15, at his residence at Rydal. He was 
 a native of Huntingdonshire, and was born in 1820. For many years he resided 
 in Manchester. His drawings and paintings were always an attraction at the 
 Manchester Academy. 
 
 Mr. David Holt died March 15, in the fifty-second year of his age, at 
 Altrincham. He was born on November 13, 1828, at Chorlton-upon-Medlock. 
 Leaving school, he was employed by Mr. Danson, the chemist. After \\ aids he 
 became a clerk and later the assistant secretary of the Lancashire and York- 
 shire Railway Company. He published Poems, Rural and Miscellaneous, in
 
 370 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1880 
 
 1846; Lays of Hero Worship and other Poems, in 1850; Janus, Lake Sonnets, 
 and other Poems, in 1853; and a selection of his poems in 1868. 
 
 Rev. James Augustus Page, M.A., died at Rusholme, March 25, aged 58. 
 He was author of Scattered Leaves, poems, Warrington, 1839 ; My Church, 
 1845 ; Protestant Ballads, 1851. 
 
 Mr. Malcolm Ross, J.P., died at Smedley Old Hall, April 1. He was a native 
 of Glasgow, and came to Manchester in 1832. He was employed by Messrs. 
 Oswald, Stevenson, and Co., spinners and yarn agents, and he ultimately 
 became the head of the firm. He was a man of good business abilities, and he 
 was from 1S65 to 1867 president of the Chamber of Comraeree, of which institu- 
 tion he was also a long time the treasurer. During the cotton famine he was 
 one of the members of the Central Executive Committee. He took an active 
 interest in the establishment of public parks in Manchester and Salford, and in 
 other philanthropic movements. He was one of the contributors to a volume 
 of verses published in 1864, entitled the City Muse. 
 
 Mr. Philip Grant, of Manchester, died at an advanced age, April 4. He is 
 chiefly to be remembered for the activity he showed in trying to further the 
 cause of the Ten Hours Bill. He was editor of the Ten Hours Advocate, 
 a periodical, and was author of a History of Factory Legislation. 
 
 The transfer of the Royal Lancasterian School to the Manchester School 
 Board took place in June. 
 
 The Royal Charter for the founding of the Victoria University was granted 
 on April 20. The first Court of the Governors met at the Owens College on July 
 14, and in the evening of the same day Mr. Alderman H. Patteson, Mayor of 
 Manchester, entertained the Governors and other guests at the Town Hall. 
 The Archbishop of York, the Duke of Devonshire, and Professor Huxley were 
 among those present. 
 
 "Wallness Bridge, which crosses the Irwell near Peel Park, was opened by 
 the Mayor of Salford, Mr. Alderman Robinson, on May 1. The bridge has a 
 length of 112 feet. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Watts, J.P., died at Burnage Hall, on May 3, in the 42nd 
 year of his age. He was the eldest son of Mr. Samuel Watts, elder brother of 
 Sir James Watts, and was one of ths firm of S. and J. Watts and Co. He was 
 treasurer of the Union and Emancipation Society, a promoter of the Manchester 
 Reform Club, treasurer of the National Reform Union, and a supporter of the 
 Liberation Society. He was a liberal giver to these and other institutions. 
 
 Mr. Henry Ashworth, J.P., of Turton, near Bolton, died at Florence on 
 May 17. He was born at Birtwistle, near Bolton, on September 4, 1794, and, 
 after completing his education at Ackworth, became a partner with his brother 
 Edmund in their large mills at Turton. He took a prominent part in the Anti- 
 Corn Law League, and in 1843 accompanied Cobden and Bright to Northumber- 
 land, Cumberland, Durham, and East Lothian, to obtain information with 
 regard to the agricultural condition of those districts. It was he who 
 on December 23, 1845, in the Manchester Town Hall, moved the resolution that 
 "to promote the agitation for corn-law repeal a sum of £250,000 should be 
 raised." In 1859 he unsuccessfully contested with Mr. W. N. Massey for the 
 parliamentary representation of Salford. He was one of the oldest members of 
 the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, and its president from 1862 to 1804.
 
 1880] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 377 
 
 He was author of Cobden and the League, and A Tour in the United States 
 of America. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Messenger Bradley, F.R.C.S., of Manchester, died at Ramsgate 
 on May 26. He was born in 1841, and became a member of the Royal College of 
 Surgeons in 1S62. In the same year he became a licentiate of the Apothecaries' 
 Society. In 1869 he passed as a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons., 
 and was appointed assistant physician at the Royal Infirmary. For a time he 
 acted as professor of physiology at Stonyhurst College, and surgeon of the 
 Ancoats and Ardwick Dispensary. His medical experience was varied, and he 
 was for twelve months surgeon for the Cunard Steamship Company. At the 
 time of his death he was lecturer on practical surgery at the Owens College, 
 having previously been lecturer on anatomy in that institution. He was the 
 author of A Manual of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, published in 
 1869, and again in 1873, and in 1875 ; The Injuries and Diseases of the Lymphatic 
 System, published in 1879 ; co-editor of the Manchester Medical Reports for 
 1870 and 1871. He wrote numerous articles of a scientific nature in magazines, 
 was a good linguist, and had he lived longer might have gained a high position 
 in his calling. 
 
 Mr. John Curwen died at Heaton Mersey, May 26. He was born November 
 14, 1816, at Hurst House, Heckmondwike, and educated for the Congregational 
 ministry. About 1840 his attention was turned to music, and his difficulties in 
 learning led him to examine Miss Glover's system of notation. His own modi- 
 fications make the present popular and useful tonic-sol-fa method. In June, 
 1842, he gave a series of lectures to Sunday school teachers in Manchester and 
 Salford. The chairman of the first meeting was Mr. Joseph Thompson, the 
 cotton spinner, who invited the lecturer to his house. The result of the visit 
 was that Curwen fell in love with his host's youngest daughter, and after some 
 opposition they were married in 1845. He was chiefly resident at Plaistow, 
 where he was Congregational minister in 1864 ; but, in addition to his pastoral 
 work, he found time to direct the musical movement with which his name is 
 identified. He was a Radical in politics, an opponent of State churches, and 
 when the American War of the Rebellion broke out, he formed the first Freed- 
 man's Aid Society in England. Further particulars of his life are given in 
 Memorials of John Curwen, by his son, J. Spencer Curwen, London, 1882. 
 
 43 and 44 Victoria, cap. 36. Act to confirm certain provisional orders of 
 che Local Government Board relating to the boroughs of Abingdon and 
 Beverley, the Local Government District of Briton Ferry, the borough of 
 Burnley, the Local Government District of Buxton, the borough of Cardigan, 
 the town of Hove, the city of Manchester, the Improvement Act District of 
 Middleton and Tonge, the boroughs of Newbury and Southport, the Improve- 
 ment Act District of West Hartlepool, and the Local Government District of 
 Wirksworth. July 9. 
 
 43 and 44 Victoria, cap. 112. Act for dissolving the Manchester Carriage 
 Company, Limited, and re-incorporating the members thereof as a new com- 
 pany, and for transferring to such new company the powers conferred by the 
 Manchester Suburban Tramways Acts, 1878 and 1ST'.', and for conferring further 
 powers for the construction of new, and the completion of authorised, tram- 
 ways, and for other purposes. August 2.
 
 378 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1880 
 
 Mr. John Begg Shaw, M.A. barrister-at-law, died at Bexhill, Sussex, 
 August 15. He was the son of Mr. John Shaw, of Bowdon, and was born at 
 Hulme, November 27, 1828. He was author of Chiming Trifles, by an Oxonian, 
 1858 ; and of various contributions to magazines. 
 
 Mr. Elijah Walton died August 25. He was born in Manchester, in 1846 
 but his childhood was passed at Birmingham and at Bromsgrove Lickey, 
 where he died. His artistic powers began to develope at eight, and at 14 he 
 exhibited at the Royal Academy and sold his picture. He was almost unrivalled 
 as a landscape painter, especially in Alpine subjects. Several selections have 
 been published from his drawings. 
 
 Mr. Charles Bent died early in August. He was born at r Bolton, in 1819, 
 where his father was a shoemaker J^and a Wesleyan local preacher. Charles, 
 however, became a drunkard, and had a local reputation as a dog-fighter and 
 pugilist, but in 1852 signed the pledge at Cork Street, Salford, and became a 
 prosperous tradesman. He has left an Autobiography. (Winskill's Temperance 
 Reformation, p. 362.) 
 
 Miss Geraldine Ensor Jewsbury, died in London on September 23. 
 She was born at Measham, near Ashby-de-la-Zouch, on August 22, 1812. 
 Her parents removed to Manchester in 1818. Her first publication was in 
 1S45, Zoe, or the History of Two Lives. Her other writings were The Half 
 Sisters, 1848 ; Marian Withers, 1S51 ; The Sorrows of Gentility, 1854 ; The 
 Adopted Child, Angelo in the Pine Forest, both published about 1855 ; Con- 
 stance Herbert, 1858 ; Bight or Wrong, 1858. She was also a contributor to 
 Household Words, to the Athenceum, and to other magazines. She enjoyed 
 the friendship of Carlyle, Dickens, and other eminent writers. Lady 
 Theodore Martin's Letters on Shakspere's Female Characters were addressed 
 to her. 
 
 The will of Mr. James Seaton, of Manchester, proved during September. He 
 left £1,000 each to the Royal Infirmary, the Upper Brook Street Chapel for the 
 building of schools, to the Owens College for a Seaton Scholarship, and to the 
 Manchester Grammar School for a Seaton Scholarship. 
 
 The new extension of the Grammar School, including the gymnasium and 
 the Lecture Theatre, was opened at Michaelmas. 
 
 The Manchester Figaro, No. 1, was issued October 6. The title was 
 changed to The Lancashire Figaro, June 20, 1881. The last number appeared 
 July 20, 1882. 
 
 Mr. Alfred Aspland, F.R.C.S., J.P., died at his residence at Dukinfield, on 
 October 24. He was born in 1815, at Hackney, and educated at King's College, 
 London, and he studied medicine at Guy's Hospital. He was one of the 
 originators of the Clinical Society of Guy's Hospital. In Dukinfield he had a 
 large practice, until failing health required that he should retire. He was a 
 member of many of the societies and clubs of Manchester, being president of 
 the Brasenose Club. He was also surgeon of the 4th Cheshire Royal Volunteers, 
 as well as one of the originators of the Staly bridge Volunteers. 
 
 Mr. Robert Aitken Bowes died at Bolton November 7, in the 43rd year of 
 his age. He was born in Dundee, but his early days were passed in Manchester, 
 where he worked as a printer. Afterwards he printed and published, at 
 Dundee, The Truth Promoter, of which his father, John Bowes, was the editor.
 
 1S81] Annals of Manchester. 379 
 
 In 1863 Mr. Bowes settled in Bolton, and became the editor of the Bolton 
 Guardian. 
 
 The Ordsal Liberal Club, in Derby Street, Regent Boad, Salford, was 
 formally opened on November 25, by Mr. Thomas Briggs, J.P. 
 
 The Springfield Lane Bridge, Salford, built at a cost of £8,000, was opened 
 by the Mayor of Salford, Mr. Alderman William Robinson, on December 18. 
 
 Dr. Isaac A. Franklin, of the Jewish community, died at Derby Street, 
 Cheetham, December 2G. He was born in Manchester in 1813, and educated at 
 the Grammar School. In 1835 he was elected a member of the Royal College of 
 Surgeons, and subsequently took the degree of M.D. He was one of the 
 founders of the Jews' School, in Manchester. 
 
 The will of Mr. Thomas Wrigley, of Bury, which was proved early in the 
 year, included bequests of £10,000 each to the Owens College and Manchester 
 Grammar School. 
 
 St. Benedict's Church, Ardwick, consecrated by Bishop Fraser. The archi- 
 tect was Mr. F. Crowther, and the cost of erection £16,000. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Journal of Decorative Art, No. 1, January (monthly). W. Sutherland and 
 Sons, proprietors. 
 
 The Right Hon. Henry Fawcett, Postmaster-General, visited Manchester, 
 January 3, and on the 4th gave an address at the Manchester Refox-m Club. 
 
 A meeting of Salford ratepayers was held in reference to the proposed 
 Improvement Bill. The Bill was rejected, only one ratepayer voting in its 
 favour. January 5. 
 
 Mr. Alderman Adam Murray, J.P., died January 8, at his residence, Hyde 
 Road. From a humble position he raised himself to that of a prominent manu- 
 facturer and merchant. He was elected a councillor in 1861, and in 1S69 was 
 appointed an alderman, being assigned to Medlock Ward. 
 
 A miners' conference was held in Manchester, January 10. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Roworth, of St. Ann's Square, Manchester, died at his 
 residence, Heaton Mersey, aged 65 years. Deceased served his apprenticeship 
 with Messrs. Bancks and Co., and afterwards continued for some years in their 
 employ. In 1S43 he commenced business in partnership with the late Mr. 
 William Hale, and until 1871 the firm was known as Hale and Roworth. In 
 that year the partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Roworth carried on business 
 in his own name. 
 
 A serious explosion occurred at the Salford Barracks, which was believed to 
 be the work of Fenians, January 14. Two persons were injured, one of whom, 
 a boy named Richard Clark, died two days afterwards. On the 22nd £500 
 reward was offered by the Government for the conviction of the person or 
 persons who caused the explosion. On January 20 a verdict was returned of 
 "wilful murder" against some person or persons unknown. 
 
 The Mayor of Manchester (Alderman Baker) gave a juvenile ball at the 
 Town Hall, January 17. 
 
 The case respecting the capitular revenues was argued before Vice- 
 Chancellor Hall, January 24. 
 
 The case of Fleming v. the Corporation of Manchester was tried at the
 
 380 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1881 
 
 Manchester Assizes. The plaintiff was sued for damages for the fall of some 
 houses near Albert Bridge, which was alleged to be due to the negligence 
 of repairs, January 28. Judgment was given against the Corporation, but this 
 was reversed on appeal, 26th June, 1882. 
 
 The Irwell overflowed, and Peel Park and the adjacent land was inundated. 
 The river rose thirteen feet above the ordinary level, whilst houses and 
 works in Lower Broughton were flooded. February 8. 
 
 Mr. Charles Malcolm Wood was appointed Chief Constable of Manchester 
 in succession to Captain Palin, February 10. 
 
 St. Clement's Church, Broughton Lane, was consecrated by Bishop Fraser 
 February 16. The architect was Mr. H. Lord, and the cost of erection £5,900. 
 
 Mr. Richard J ohnson, J.P., of this city, and Kemnal Manor, Chislehurst, 
 died February 16, in his seventy-second year. He was senior partner of 
 the firm of Johnson, Clapham, and Morris, metal merchants, and also 
 of the firm of Richard Johnson and Nephew, of the Bradford Wire Works, 
 near Manchester, and was interested in the Bradford Colliery Company. The 
 wireworks are known all over the world, part of the Atlantic cable having 
 been manufactured there. He was at one period president of the Manchester 
 Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Mr. Edmund Ashworth, J.P., of Egerton Hall, near Bolton, died at South- 
 port, March 21, at the age of SO. He was born at Birtwistle, and was the chief 
 of one of the largest spinning firms in England. Like his brother Henry he 
 was an assiduous promoter of the Anti-Corn-Law League. He was president 
 of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce from 1874 to 1877. In 1817 he was 
 appointed a magistrate, and he was afterwards chairman of the Building 
 Committee of the Manchester Assize Courts. He was one of the founders of 
 the Cotton Supply Association, orignated in 1857, and a prominent member of 
 several of the reform movements of that and the period preceding. In 1837 
 Mr. Ashworth was requested by his fellow-townsmen to become a candidate 
 for the Parliamentary representation of Bolton. In temperance and educational 
 matters he took an active and effectual part. He is thought to have been the 
 "Mr. Millbank " of Lord Beaconsfield's Coningsby. 
 
 A serious fire occurred at Messrs. John Haslam and Co's premises, Meal 
 Street, Fountain Street. One fireman was killed and two others severely 
 injured. March 29. 
 
 The opening services of the new Brunswick Wesleyan Chapel, Pendleton, 
 were held April 15. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Mowbray Hawcroft died at Barmouth May 4. He was born at 
 Barnsley, January 11, 1845, but came to Manchester in his fifteenth year. He 
 was a frequent contributor to Once a Week, Ben Brierley's Journal, and other 
 periodicals. (Axon's Cheshire Gleanings, page 197.) 
 
 The Bev. J. A. Macfadyen was elected president of the Congregational 
 Union, May 9. 
 
 Mr. John Blackwall, F.L.S., died May 11. He was born in Manchester in 
 1789, and the greater portion of his 92 years were devoted to the study of science. 
 During his residence at Crumpsall Old Hall he made many interesting obser- 
 vations in natural history. The papers read before the Manchester Literary 
 and Philosophical Society and other societies were collected into a
 
 1881] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 381 
 
 volume entitled Researches in Zoology, which, originally published in 
 1834, came to a second edition in 1873. His memoirs, chronicled in the 
 Royal Society's Catalogue of Scientific Papers, are eighty-two in number, 
 and were printed between 1821 and 1871. The most important of his works is 
 the Monograph on British Spielers, published for the Ray Society in 1861. Mr. 
 Blackwall was for sixty years a member of the Literary and Philosophical 
 Society, and he was also one of the oldest members of the Linnsean Society and 
 of the British Association. 
 
 Arthur Watson, of Manchester, was tried at the Liverpool Assizes for the 
 murder of his child, and sentenced to death May 12, but was reprieved May 23. 
 
 The extension at the London Road Station was opened for traffic. It was 
 carried out by the London and North- Western Railway Company, at a cost of 
 £300,000, May 16. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Radford, M.D., died at his residence at Higher Broughton, on 
 May 29, in the 88th year of his age. He was born on November 2, 1793, at 
 Hulme Field. He was apprenticed to Mr. William Wood, of King Street, and 
 in 1818 was elected a surgeon to the Manchester and Salford Lying-in Hospital. 
 He was an M.D. of Heidelburg, 1839; F.R.C.P. Edinburgh, 1839; F.R.C.S. 
 England, 1S52; L.S.A., 1817; hon. member of the Edinburgh and Bublin 
 Obstetric Societies, corresponding member of the Hunterian Society, hon. 
 consulting physician of St. Mary's Hospital, vice-president of the Obstetric 
 Society, London. He was the author of various medical essays and articles. 
 He gave in 1865 his valuable medical library to St. Mary's Hospital, with 
 which he had been identified for more than sixty years. To the same institu- 
 tion he also gave a museum, known as the Radford Museum, and at his death 
 he bequeathed a sum of £3,670, as a permanent endowment for the services of 
 a medical man who should attend to the wants of the poor of Hulme Field. 
 
 The Mayor of Manchester (Alderman Thomas Baker) opened an exhibition 
 of objects of industrial art, at the New Islington Hall, Ancoats, June 1. 
 
 St. Clement's, Greenheys, was consecrated by Bishop Fraser, June 15. Mr. 
 H. R. Price was the architect, and the cost of erection £5,300. 
 
 At tne annual meeting, held June 22, of the Manchester Statistical Society, 
 it was resolved that women should be eligible for membership in the society. 
 
 Dr. J. C. Peatson died at his residence in St. John Street, Deansgate, 
 June 26. He was for many years the chief medical administrator of the Man- 
 chester and Salford Lock and Skin Disease Hospital. 
 
 44 and 45 Victoria, cap. 66. Act to confirm certain provincial orders of the 
 Local Government Board relating to the borougns of Halifax and Leeds, and 
 the city of Manchester. June 27. 
 
 Alderman Peter Gcndall, of Salford, died June 28, aged 83. 
 
 The Nawab Nukaran-ud-Dowla Bahadur, Finance Minister to the Nizam of 
 Hyderabad, visited Manchester June 28. 
 
 Rev. Alfred Schofield, the sixtieth hon. sec. of the National Union for the 
 Suppression of Intemperance, wrote to the Manchester Courier June 29, July 1, 
 explaining his resignation. (See under date March 29, December 18, 1871.) 
 
 44 and 45 Victoria, cap. 105. Act to confirm certain provisional orders made 
 by the Board of Trade under the Tram ways Act, 1870, relating to Manchester 
 Corporation Tramways and Rusholme Local Board Tramways. July 18.
 
 382 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1881 
 
 Rev. E. Paxton Hood, who was leaving Manchester for America, was pre- 
 sented by the members of his church with an address and two hundred 
 sovereigns. July 21. 
 
 The Governors of the Royal Manchester Institution resolved to accept the 
 terms offered by the Corporation with reference to the transfer to the latter body, 
 in trust for the use of the public, of the building and its contents. The 
 expenditure of £2,000 annually by the Corporation upon works of art is 
 guaranteed for a period of twenty years. The managing committee will consist 
 of two-thirds members of the Corporation, and one-third representatives of the 
 Royal Institution. August 3. 
 
 Mr. Selim Rothwell, artist, of Manchester, died suddenly at Bolton, Aug. 10. 
 
 The Primitive Methodist College, in Alexandra Road, Moss Side, was 
 opened August 22. Mr. Henry Lee, M.P., presided at the opening ceremony. 
 The cost of erection was over £8,000. 
 
 An International Horticultural Exhibition was opened at the Botanical 
 Gardens, Old Trafford. The show was held to celebrate the jubilee of the 
 Manchester Botanical and Horticultural Society. August 24. 
 
 Mrs. Nicholls, widow of the Mr. Alderman Nicholls, founder of the Nicholls 
 Hospital, died August 25, at her residence, Hope Cottage, Kersal. 
 
 Rev. W. J. Knox Little, rector of St. Alban's, succeeded Dr. Bradley as 
 Canon of Worcester Cathedral, September 4. 
 
 A large gathering of cotton spinners and masters was held in the Man- 
 chester Town Hall, and resolutions were passed favouring a stoppage of work 
 in order to lessen the consumption of cotton, and so defeat the purpose of 
 Liverpool speculators who had been forcing prices. September 9. 
 
 Mr. Superintendent John Gee, late of the A Division of the City Police, 
 was presented by the officers and men of the division with an electro-plated 
 tea and coffee service and china breakfast service, on his retirement. Mr. Gee 
 had been connected with the force thirty-four years, and of that period he had 
 been superintendent twenty-three years. He collected a curious library of 
 English poetry. September 9. 
 
 Mr. Richard Wright Procter, barber and author, died at his residence, Long 
 Millgate, on September 11. He was born in Salford on December 19, 1816, and 
 at ten years of age was apprenticed to a barber. In this business he remained 
 all his life. In 1840 he endeavoured to improve his income by establishing a 
 circulating library in the house in which he lived. His first attempts in author- 
 ship were some verses which he sent to the Manchester and Salford Advertiser 
 under the assumed name of "Sylvan." In 1855 he issued a volume named 
 Gems of Ihought and Flowers of Fancy \ and shortly afterwards a book of 
 much pure humour entitled The Barber's Shop. In 1860 appeared his Literary 
 Reminiscences ; in 1862, Our Turf, Stage, and Ring ; in 1866, Manchester in 
 Holiday Dress ; in 1874, Manchester Streets ; and in 1880, Bygone Manchester. 
 His quiet and kindly disposition won him deserved respect. There is 
 a biographical sketch of him by Mr. W. E. A. Axon prefixed to the second and 
 posthumous edition of the Barber's Shop. 
 
 An adjourned meeting of cotton spinners, held in the Free Trade Hall, to 
 consider the action of the "ring "[of cotton brokers in Liverpool who had 
 undertaken to assist the syndicate of speculators in cotton. September 13.
 
 1881] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 383 
 
 A temperance demonstration, organised by the Salford Diocesan Temperance 
 Crusade, was held in Cooke's Circus. Cardinal Manning presided and addressed 
 the meeting. September 14. 
 
 The Mayor of Manchester, Alderman Thomas Baker, gave a complimentary 
 banquet at the Town Hall to Mr. W. Harrison Ainsworth, the distinguished 
 Lancashire novelist, "as an expression of the high esteem in which he was 
 held by his fellow-townsmen, and in recognition of his services to literature." 
 September 15. 
 
 A conference of free library authorities was held in Manchester for the 
 purpose of considering the Bill introduced into the House of Commons to 
 amend the law relating to free libraries. Alderman Baker, the Mayor of 
 Manchester, presided, and there was a large attendance of delegates repre- 
 senting the public free libraries of a number of boroughs. A number of 
 suggested amendments were adopted, and a committee appointed to watch the 
 Bill through Parliament. September 19. 
 
 Rev. Thomas G. Lee, pastor of the New Windsor Congregational Chapel, 
 Salford, from 1843 until a few years before his death, died September 26, aged 
 SI, and was interred in the Salford Cemetery. 
 
 The memorial-stones of two new board schools, one in Smedley Road, Cheet- 
 ham, and the other in Ross Place, Hyde Road, Ardwick, were laid, Sept. 28. 
 
 Mr. Henry Hodgson died September 28, at the age of 76. He was well 
 known for the interest which he took in the Manchester Infirmary, of which 
 he was deputy treasurer from 1865 until 1879. He lightened the trials of many 
 of the patients by unostentatious charity. 
 
 Mr. "William Langton died at his residence at Ingatestone, Essex, September 
 29. He was born at Farfleld, near Addingham, Yorkshire, April 17, 1803, and 
 was educated partly in England and partly in Switzerland, France, Italy, and 
 Germany. From 1S21 to 1S29 he was employed in mercantile houses in Liver- 
 pool. In 1S29 he began his connection with Heywood's Bank, Manchester, and 
 in 1854 he was appointed managing director of the bank, which had then 
 become the Manchester and Salford Bank. In this position he remained until 
 1876, when the loss of sight compelled his retirement. He then went to live at 
 Ingatestone. He was one of the promoters of the Mechanics' Institution and 
 the Manchester Athenaeum, and he was the chief promoter of the Manchester 
 Statistical Society. About 1840 he acted as secretary to a committee which 
 was formed for the purpose of procuring a university for Manchester. The 
 effort was unsuccessful in obtaining its set object, but is supposed to have 
 influenced Mr. Owens to found the college which bears his name, and which 
 has since become a part of the Victoria University. When Mr. Langton left 
 Manchester a number of his follow-citizens subscribed a sum of £5,000, with 
 which they founded a " Langton Fellowship" in connection with the Owens 
 College. He was treasurer of the Chetham Society, for which he edited the 
 three volumes entitled Chetham Miscellanies, 1851-62; Lancashire Inquisi- 
 tions, 1875; and Visitations of Lancashire in 1533, 1876. He also published 
 papers on banking and commercial subjects. 
 
 The foundation-stone of the new church of St. Anne's, Newton Heath, was 
 laid by Mrs. Fraser, and the Bishop of Manchester also took part in the pro- 
 ceedings. October 1.
 
 384 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1881 
 
 The Mayor of Manchester presided at a meeting in the Town Hall in 
 support of a scheme, recommended by the Manchester and Salford Sanitary 
 Association, for the establishment of day nurseries for children in Manchester 
 and Salford. It was decided to establish two nurseries, one in Ancoats and the 
 other in Pendleton, and an appeal was made to the public for £1,000 to com- 
 mence. October 12. 
 
 The Education Department refused to accept in the revised bye-laws of the 
 Salford School Board any standard for total or partial exemption lower than 
 Standard IV. October 12. 
 
 Mr. "William Sale, solicitor, died at his residence at Brighton, October 13. 
 He was born at Atherstone in 1808. About the year 1831 he commenced to 
 practice as a solicitor in Manchester, and afterwards was the head of the firm 
 of Sale, Worthington, and Shipman. As a commercial lawyer he enjoyed a 
 high reputation, and he was said to be "a master of compromise." He was 
 legal adviser to the Anti-Corn Law League at the time of its agitation, and he 
 was at one time spoken of as a Liberal candidate for the representation of 
 the city. He went to reside at Brighton about 1878. 
 
 Mr. Edward T. Bellhouse, engineer, died October 13. He was born in 1816, 
 and, having passed an apprenticeship in the employ of Sir William Fairbairn, 
 undertook the direction of his father's business, at Eagle Foundry, of which he 
 afterwards became the proprietor. The firm, known under the name of E. T. 
 Bellhouse and Co., enjoyed a reputation for their iron houses and other build- 
 ings, many of which were made for South America and other foreign places. 
 He was the chief promoter of the Philharmonic Society, and a director of the 
 Brasenose Club, as well as a governor of the Manchester Royal Institution. 
 He was president of the Association of Employers, Foremen, and Draughts- 
 men, and an industrious contributor of papers to the statistical and other 
 societies. 
 
 Mr. John Collier Farn died, October 13. He was a native of Coventry, and 
 took part in the Socialist and other " advanced " movements. He was at one 
 time or other editor of the Co-operative News and Eccles Advertiser. He com- 
 piled The Conflict of Faith and Scepticism. 
 
 During a terrific storm the Irwell rose fifteen feet, and many cellars in 
 Lower Broughton were flooded. October 14. 
 
 A meeting of Irishmen was held in the Free Trade Hall to protest against 
 the arrest of Mr. C. S. Parnell, M.P., and the attempted suppression of the 
 Land League. October 16. 
 
 A public meeting was held in the Manchester Town Hall in aid of the 
 funds of the Royal Infirmary. The Earl of Derby presided. October 18. 
 
 The first number of Tit-Bits from the most Interesting Books, Periodicals, 
 and Newspapers was published October 22. This penny weekly publication, 
 projected by Mr. George Newnes, has proved one of the most remarkable suc- 
 cesses in modern journalism. In 1884 the office of the paper was transferred 
 to London. Its success gave rise to many imitations, mostly unsuccessful. 
 
 The Right Hon. William Nathaniel Massey, M.P., died October 26. He was 
 born in 1809, called to the bar in 1844, became M.P. for Newport in 1852, and was 
 Under Secretary of State for the Home Department from 1855 to 1858. He was 
 elected M.P. for Salford in 1857 and 1859. In 1S65 he was appointed Finance
 
 1881] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 38 1 
 
 Minister in India, and resigned his seat in Parliament. On his return from the 
 East he was elected M.P. for Tiverton, which place he represented till his 
 death. 
 
 The memorial stone of the new buildings of the Manchester Warehousemen 
 and Clerks' Orphan Schools at Cheadle Hulme was laid by Mr. Samuel Fie! den. 
 October 29. 
 
 A portrait of the Bishop of Manchester was presented to Mrs. Fraser, at 
 Bishop's Court, Higher Broughton, November 3. 
 
 A meeting of the owners and ratepayers of the city of Manchester was held 
 to consider the proposed application to Parliament by the Corporation for power 
 to acquire and maintain an art gallery, to extend the waterworks system, to 
 produce and supply electricity for lighting and other purposes, and to amend 
 and extend the provisions of the local Acts relating to the city. The mayor 
 presided, and the resolution giving the necessary authority to the City Council 
 was passed. November 11. 
 
 Mr. William Rathbone Greg died, November 15. He was born at Man- 
 chester in 1809, and in the earlier part of his life was engaged in commerce. 
 In 185G he was appointed a commissioner of customs, and from 1801 till 1877 
 he held the post of comptroller in Her Majesty's Stationery Office. In 1810 he 
 published a work descriptive of the Efforts for the Extinction of the African 
 Slave Trade, and this was almost immediately followed by some pamphlets on 
 behalf of the Anti-Corn Law League. The Creed of Christendom, 1851, a 
 trenchant analysis of modern belief, introduced his name to a wider circle of 
 readers, and his volume on The Enigmas of Life, 1872, passed through eight 
 editions within three years. Another collection of essays, Rocks Ahead ; or, 
 the Warnings of Cassandra, 1874, attracted considerable attention both for its 
 own merits and from the circumstance that its publication agreed with a 
 change in the governing spirit of England. He was a frequent contributor to 
 the Pall Mall Gazette and the Edinburgh and other reviews. 
 
 A fire on the premises of Mr. John Owen, toy maker, Catherine Street, 
 Strangeways, caused damage to stock estimated at £3,000. November 19. 
 
 Mr. Henry Irving was entertained at luncheon at the Queen's Hotel, 
 Professor A. W. Ward presided. November 23. 
 
 Lord Randolph Churchill, M.P., opened, in the Ardwick Conservative 
 Club, a bazaar, held for the purpose of clearing off the debt upon the furnishing 
 fund. A luncheon subsequently took place, at which his lordship delivered an 
 address. November 30. 
 
 The annual meeting of the St. Andrew's Society of Manchester was held 
 in the Hulme Town Hall, under the presidency of the Earl of Rosebcrv, 
 November 30. 
 
 Lord Randolph Churchill addressed a large meeting of Conservatives in St. 
 James's Hall, December 1. 
 
 The Mirror of Wit, Wisdom, Anecdote, and Adventure commenced 
 December 3. With No. 4 its title was changed to Random Readings. The last 
 number was issued April 22, 1SS2. I. W. Petty and Son, proprietors. 
 
 The Duke of Edinburgh, the Duke of Albany, and Prince Christian visited 
 Manchester, to attend a soiree in connection with the Athenaeum, held in the 
 Free Trade Hall, December 12. They occupied the mayor's apartments in the 
 z
 
 386 Annals of Manchester. [1882 
 
 Town Hall, and visited Peel Park Museum, the Royal Exchange, and the 
 Owens College. The Princes left Manchester December 13. 
 
 A conversazione was held at the Athenaeum in connection with the Catholic 
 Club. The Bishop of Salford, delivered an address. December 13. 
 
 Mr. Edward William Binney, F.R.S., F.G.S., an eminent local geologist' 
 died at his residence, at Cheetham Hill, December 19. He was born at Morton, 
 Notts, in 1812, and was articled to a solicitor at Chesterfield. About 1836 he came 
 to Manchester, and in 1842 was successful in the conduct of the case of the 
 claimant in the great Chadwick lawsuit. He was one of the founders of the 
 Manchester Geological Society, and at the time of his death was president of 
 the Literary and Philosophical Society. In the knowledge of the geology of 
 this neighbourhood he was not excelled, while he was not equalled for a 
 thorough acquaintance with the carboniferous strata. He wrote a sketch of 
 Manchester geology for publication in Buxton's Botanical Guide. He wrote 
 about one hundred memoirs of a scientific nature for various societies, 
 including the British Association, the Royal Society, the West Yorkshire 
 Geological Societies, the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, and 
 others. For the Paleeontographical Society he wrote a monograph on the 
 Structure of Fossil Plants found in the Carboniferous Strata, 1868-75. He 
 was elected a Fellow of the Geological Society in 1853, and of the Royal Society 
 in 1856. His investigations had much influence in making paraffin oil an article 
 of commercial manufacture. He was interred at Worksop. 
 
 Mr. Arthur G. Latham died December 29, aged 60 years. He was a member 
 of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, the microscopical and 
 natural history section of which he was largely instrumental in founding. 
 
 John West, a prisoner, committed suicide in the Newton Street Police 
 Court by strangulation, December 30. 
 
 A complimentary dinner was given at the Queen's Hotel to Dr. Samuel 
 Crompton, on his retirement from professional practice as a physician and on 
 his leaving Manchester to reside at Cranleigh, Surrey. Dr. Crompton, a grand- 
 son of the great inventor, was particularly interested in the welfare of the 
 blind, and fought sucessfully for their interests in the case of Henshaw's Blind 
 Asylum. 
 
 The respective populations of the municipal and Parliamentary boroughs 
 of Manchester, at the ninth census, were 341,508 and 393,676; of Salford, 176,233. 
 
 1882. 
 
 The Manchester Quarterly, a Journal of Literature and Art, No. 1, 
 January, published by Abel Heywood and Son for the Manchester Literary 
 Club. 
 
 Mr. William Harrison Ainsworth, the eminent novelist, died at his 
 residence, at Reigate, January 3. He was born in King Street, Manchester, on 
 February 4, 1805, and was educated partly by his uncle, the Rev. William 
 Harrison, and at the Grammar School. Leaving school, he was articled by his 
 father to Mr. Alexander Kay, solicitor. After finishing his time with Mr. Kay, 
 he studied conveyancing in the office of Mr. Jacob Phillips, in London. Law, 
 however, was not so attractive to him as literature, and about 1826 he com- 
 menced business as a publisher in the metropolis, but soon devoted himself
 
 1882] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 3S7 
 
 entirely to a literary career. From the time when he was a school- 
 boy he had been a contributor to different magazines, and when his novel 
 of Rookwood appeared, in 1834, he became a fiction writer of note. In 
 1840 he succeeded Dickens as editor of Bentleys Miscellany. In this serial, and 
 in his own Ainsivortlis Magazine, and in the Sunday Times, were originally 
 published most of the works which succeeded Rookwood. Altogether he wrote 
 s me forty novels, which had a large sale at home and abroad, some of them 
 bjing translated into French, German, Dutch, Russian, and Spanish. Rook- 
 wood, Lancashire Witches, Jack Sheppard, were among the best. He also 
 published a volume of poems. Mr. Ainsworth was on September 15, 1881, enter- 
 tained by Mr. Alderman Baker, mayor of Manchester, at a banquet in the 
 Manchester Town Hall, at which were present about a hundred represen- 
 tatives of the literature, art, and science of the district. He was interred at 
 Kensal Green Cemetery. 
 
 At a special meeting, held January 25, of Convocation of the Victoria Uni- 
 versity, it was resolved, after some discussion, that the bachelor's degree 
 should be offered to all the associates of Owens College. 
 
 A great Conservative meeting was held in the Free Trade Hall, under the 
 presidency of Mr. W. H. Houldsworth, February 1. Earl Lytton and Baron 
 Henry de Worrns were the principal speakers. 
 
 Earl Lytton and Baron Henry de Worms were entertained at luncheon, by 
 the Manchester Conservative Club, February 2. 
 
 The members of the Royal Commission on Technical Education entertained 
 at dinner by the Mayor of Manchester, February 3. 
 
 Dr. J. Shepherd Fletcher died at his residence, Hope House, Higher 
 Broughton, February 4. He was born at Kirkham House, Prestwich, August, 
 1S22. He studied under his uncle, Dr. Ogden, of Rochdale, and at the Man- 
 chester School of Medicine, in Pine Street. He was, early in his career, 
 appointed medical inspector of the factories in Ancoats. It was principally his 
 suggestion which afterwards led to the foundation of the Hospital for Consump- 
 tion and Diseases of the Throat, in St. John Street. He was the author of a 
 pamphlet on Consumption: its Causes, Prevention, and Cure, and of articles 
 in the Medical Times. He was lecturer on anatomy and secretary of the 
 School of Medicine, at one time established in Chatham Street. His degrees 
 were M.R.C.S. England, 1846; L.S.A., 1847; M.D. St. Andrew's, 1862. 
 
 By a heavy fali of earth at the Victoria Stat ion extension works, a Labourer, 
 named Thomas Gillmore, lost his life, and two other men were seriously injured. 
 February 17. 
 
 The Salford Board of Guardians resolved to appoint a committee of ladies 
 to visit periodically the women and children in the workhouse at Weaste, 
 February 21. 
 
 A meel ing in the Free Trade Hall in furtherance of the object of the Land 
 Emancipation Union. Mr. Joseph Arch was i lie principal speaker. Pebruary28 
 
 Right Hon. Thomas Egerton, Earl of Wilton, died, March 7. He was a 
 nobleman of great ability, and an accomplished musician. He was the author 
 of Sjyor/s a ml Pursuits of the English People, 1868. In his youth he had 
 studied surgery, and it was he who first attended to the fatal wounds received 
 by Mi\ Huskisson a t the opening uf the Manchester and Liverpool Railway.
 
 388 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1882 
 
 In Fanny Kemble's Autobiography there is an interesting picture of the home 
 life at Heaton Park. 
 
 The Mayor of Manchester opened, in the Campfleld Market, the exhibition 
 of appliances for the prevention of smoke and the economising of fuel, held 
 under the auspices of the Manchester Noxious Vapours Abatement Association. 
 March 17. 
 
 A Government inquiry was held at the Salford Town Hall into an applica- 
 tion made by the Salford Corporation for a provisional order embodying some- 
 what stringent provisions in regard to sanitary matters. March 27. 
 
 The Mayor of Manchester (Alderman Thomas Baker) opened a new free 
 lending library and newsroom adjoining the Campfleld Market, in Deansgate. 
 April 5. The total cost of the library, including fittings, was about £12,000. 
 
 The Right Hon. Edward Gibson, M.P., visited Manchester April 19, and 
 was received at the Carlton Club, Spring Gardens. Mr. Gibson afterwards 
 spoke at a Conservative demonstration in St. James's Hall. 
 
 A destructive fire occurred at Messrs. R. Neill and Sons', contractors, 
 Lower Broughton. May 2. 
 
 A grand bazaar was held at St. James's Hall for the purpose of assisting 
 the funds of the Lancashire Independent College, Whalley Range, May 2. 
 
 Mr. John Partington Aston died May 11. He was born in 1805, and 
 educated at the Grammar School. In 1822 he was articled to Mr. W. Claughton, 
 solicitor, and in the year after was transferred to the office of Mr. Thomas 
 Ainsworth, and afterwards to the office of Mr. James Crossley. In 1S29 he 
 became a partner in the firm of Kay, Barlow, and Aston, and in 1854 he began 
 business on his own account. For Mr. John Owens he prepared the will by 
 which were left the means to found the Owens College. He was also the first 
 secretary to the trustees of the college, and, when he resigned that office in 
 1867, still continued to act as their solicitor. When the Governors were incor- 
 porated, 1870 and 1871, he was reappointed solicitor and secretary. He was one 
 of the founders and directors of the Gentlemen's Glee Club. If he was not the 
 sole author he was at least joint author, with Mr. Ainsworth, of the novel of 
 Sir John Chiverton. 
 
 A meeting of the citizens of Manchester was held in the Town Hall to ex- 
 press abhorrence at the murder of Lord F. Cavendish and Mr. Burke. May 12. 
 
 At a meeting of the John Dillon (Salford) branch of the National Land 
 League of Great Britain, in the Temperance Hall, Ford Street, Salford, it was 
 resolved " That this indignation meeting of Irishmen in Salford denounces in 
 the most emphatic manner the diabolical and fiendish murders of Lord F. 
 Cavendish and Mr. Burke, and tenders its most heartfelt sympathy to their 
 bereaved families." May 14. 
 
 A meeting of the residents of Salford, convened by the Mayor, in compliance 
 with a requisition, was held in the Town Hall, for the purpose of expressing 
 indignation at the murder of Lord F. Cavendish and Mr. Burke. May 15. 
 
 Sir John Holker died May 24. He was born at Bury in 1828, and was called 
 to the bar in 1854, and shortly afterwards settled in Manchester, where he soon 
 acquired a large practice. In 1864 he removed to London, and in 1868 became 
 Q.C. In September, 1872, he was elected M.P. for Preston, in the Conservative 
 interest, and in 1874 was made Solicitor-General and knighted. From November,
 
 188^ 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 389 
 
 1875, to April, 1880, he was Attorney-General, and in January, 1882, he was 
 appointed a Lord Justice of Appeal. He was buried at Lytham. 
 
 Captain W. H. Palin, formerly chief constable of Manchester, died at 
 Prince's Park, Liverpool, June 16, aged 59 years. He was born in India, his 
 father being an officer of the East India Company. He was educated in 
 England, and when sixteen years old became an ensign in the 17th Bombay 
 Native Infantry, in which regiment he was subsequently adjutant, paymaster, 
 quartermaster, and interpreter. He also for a time performed the duties of 
 cantonment magistrate. In 1856 he resigned his captaincy, and came to 
 England, and was appointed chief constable of Manchester soon after his return. 
 In May, 1881, he resigned, after a most successful and creditable tenure of that 
 office. He was a subscriber to many local charities, and he was generally much 
 respected. He was interred at the Southern Cemetery, Withington. 
 
 The Rev. Canon Nicholas William Gibson, sub-dean of the Manchester 
 Cathedral, died at his residence, the Polygon, Ardwick, on June 18. He was 
 born in 1802, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. He was educated at the Moravian 
 School, Fulneck; the Manchester New College, York; and at Cambridge, 
 where he graduated B.A. in 1824, and M.A. in 1827. He gained the Tyrwbitt 
 Hebrew Scholarship in 1826, and was ordained deacon in 1826 and priest in 1827. 
 He was successively chaplain of Trinity College, Cambridge ; curate of St. 
 Thomas's, Ardwick ; and in 1831 rector of the last-named church. In 1861 he. 
 was elected the canon residentiary of Manchester Cathedral, and in 1874 sub- 
 dean, and from the latter year until 1880 he was proctor in the York Convocai [on 
 for the Cathedral Chapter. Under the Act of 1870 he was appointed a life 
 governor of the Owens College. Two of the stained glass windows of the 
 Cathedral were the gift of Canon Gibson, as well as one in the Chapter House. 
 The Mayor of Salford (Alderman Husband) opened the new Cromwell 
 Bridge, over the Irwell, connecting Pendleton with Broughton, June 10. The 
 cost of erection was £10,600. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Grundy died at his residence, at Lymm, June 20. He was 
 chief of the well-known firm of Manchester solicitors, Messrs. Grundy, Kershaw, 
 and Co. He was in his forty-sixth year, and was born at Lymm. 
 
 Mr. William Henry Ford died June 20. He was the son of Mr. W. Ford, 
 the bookseller, and in early life followed his father's business, and at one time 
 had> shop in Hanging Ditch. For some reason he was not successful, and 
 rel inquishing business on his own account he entered into the employment of 
 Mr. Banks, the old bookseller, and subsequently that of Mr. Thompson, in 
 Market Street. For twenty years Mr. Ford was in the employment of Messrs. 
 Capes, Dunn, and Pilcher, who engaged him for making catalogues of libraries 
 for sale. He also catalogued and arranged a number of private libraries. Mr. 
 Ford was buried in the Salford Borough Cemetery. (Palatine Xute-Book, 
 vol. ii., p. 155.) 
 
 A garden party, promoted by the British calico printers, took place at the 
 Botanical Gardens, Old Traflbrd, on June 21. Over live thousand persons were 
 present, and the ladies were dressed in British printed calicoes. 
 
 A meeting of mayors of manufacturing towns was held at the residence of 
 Mr. Daniel Adamson, the Towers, Didsbury, to consider the practicability of 
 constructing a tidal waterway between Liverpool and Manchester, June 27.
 
 S90 
 
 Annals of Manchester, 
 
 [18S2 
 
 Mr. Joseph Aloysius Hansom died June 29. He invented the "Hansom" 
 cab, and in conjunction with his son, Mr. Joseph Hansom, executed the Church 
 of the Holy Name, at Manchester. 
 
 The Dalton Hall of Residence in Victoria Park opened by Sir J. W. Pease, 
 Bart., M.P. The hall was erected by the Society of Friends for the use of 
 students attending the Owens College. July 3. 
 
 Venerable Archdeacon Anson appointed residentiary canon of the Man- 
 chester Cathedral, in the room of Canon Gibson deceased. July 11. 
 
 Mr. Ralph Milner, " the Oldfield Road Doctor," died, July 14. 
 
 45 and 46 Victoria, cap. 203. Act to enable the mayor, alderman, and 
 citizens of the city of Manchester to acquire and maintain an Art Gallery, and 
 for the regulation thereof, to execute works for the purposes of their water- 
 works, to amend and extend the provisions of the local Acts relating to the 
 city of Manchester, and for other purposes. August 10. 
 
 Professor William Stanley Jevons was drowned whilst bathing at Bexhill, 
 on the coast of Sussex, on August 14. Mr. Jevons was born in Liverpool in 
 1S35, and educated at the Mechanics' Institution of that city and at the Univer- 
 sity of London. In 1854 he was appointed assayer to the Australian Royal 
 Mint at Sydney, which position he held for five years. In 1859 he recommenced 
 his studies at London University, and in 1862 graduated M.A. with first class 
 honours. In 1863 he was appointed tutor to the Owens College, and in 1866 
 professor of logic and philosophy at the same institution. In 1869 he was elected 
 president of the Manchester Statistical Society. In 1872 he was elected a Fellow 
 of the Royal Society, and in 1874 a Fellow of the Statistical Society of London. 
 In 1874 and 1875 he was examiner for the Moral Science Tripos at Cambridge, 
 and in the latter year the Senatus Academicus of the Edinburgh University 
 conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. In 1876 he was appointed 
 examiner in logic and moral philosophy in the London University. In the same 
 year he resigned his professorship at the Owens College. His published 
 writings were many and important, some of them having been translated into 
 other languages. The chief among them are Pure Logic, 1864; Elementary 
 Lessons in Logic, 1874 ; Theory of Political Economy, 1871 ; Principles of 
 Science, 1874 ; Logic and Political Economy, in Macmillan's series of Science 
 Primers, and The State in Belation to Labour. He also contributed 
 largely to numerous periodicals, and was one of the reviewers of the Academy. 
 His remains were interred in the Hampstead Cemetery, London, August 18. 
 A posthumous work, Methods of Social Reform, and a biography have 
 appeared. 
 
 A complimentary dinner was given at the Brooklands Hotel, by his Man- 
 chester admirers, to Mr. George Jacob Holyoake, prior to his departure for 
 America. Dr. R. M. Pankhurst presided. August 17. 
 
 A cottagers' flower show was held in Peel Park, August 18. This is believed 
 to be the first exhibition of the kind held under municipal auspices. It was 
 arranged by the Salford Parks and Libraries Committee. 
 
 A conference of miners' delegates was opened in the Mechanics' Institute, 
 August 29. Mr. Thomas Burt, M.P., presided. 
 
 Mauldeth Hall was opened as a Hospital for Incurables, September 15. 
 
 Mr. Christopher Barker died September 17. He was born at Alnwick,
 
 1882] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. odl 
 
 Northumberland, in 1815, and wrote an interesting volume on The Associative 
 Princiiile during the Middle Ages, 1859. He was a compositor in the employ- 
 ment of Messrs. A. Ireland and Co. for twenty-two years. 
 
 The Earl of Wilton opened an Art and Industrial Exhibition in St. James's 
 Hall, Oxford Street, September 20. 
 
 Mr. James Huson-More died, September 26. He was born in Salford in 
 1844, was educated for the medical profession, and had the qualifications 
 of L.R.C.P.Ed. and F.R.C.S. He travelled in Africa and Australasia, and was 
 a man of great ability, the promise of whose career was destroyed by an early 
 death. He was one of the original members of the Manchester Scientific 
 Students' Association, and was present at its "coming of age soiree." 
 
 Mr. Thomas Higson, clerk to the Manchester city justices, died at his 
 residence at Alderley, September 29. He was born May 22, 1S04, and educated 
 a the Manchester Grammar School. He was articled to his father, and in 1820 
 began to practise as an attorney. In 1839 he was appointed clerk to the Man- 
 chester city magistrates, and in 1S49 clerk to the visiting justices of the 
 borough gaol. The latter position he resigned in 1878. 
 
 Professor Henry Roscoe, F.R.S., gave the first of a series of lectures on 
 Sunday afternoons, at the New Islington Hall, Ancoats, October 1. These 
 lectures were arranged by the Ancoats Recreation Committee organised by 
 Mr. Charles Rowley, jun. 
 
 A Conservative demonstration was held at the St. James's Hall, October 7. 
 
 Salford Union Infirmary was erected at Hope, at a cost of £00,000, and 
 was formally opened by Mr. Thomas Dickins, chairman of the Salford Board of 
 Guardians, October 19. 
 
 Vice-Chancellor Greenwood performed the ceremony of conferring the first 
 degrees of the Victoria University, in the Manchester Town Hall, November 1. 
 
 The Pulpit Record and Mutual Improvement Society Parliamentary 
 Debating Society Chronicle, No. 1, November 4 ; Id. weekly. Capelton and Co., 
 printers. The last number appeared April 2S, 1883. 
 
 A fire broke out at the warehouse of Messrs. G. Hodgkinson and Son, in 
 Princess Street, November 17. 
 
 In the Court of Appeal, London, Nov. 26 and 27, the Master of the Rolls 
 and Lord Justices Cotton and Bowen had before them the case of the Mayor, 
 Aldermen, and Corporation of Manchester v. Lyons, an appeal by the plain- 
 tills from the decision of Vice-Chancellor Bristowe against their claim in the 
 action to restrain the defendants from infringing the market rights claimed 
 by the Corporation. The primary ground of action was disturbance of the 
 market rights of the Corporation, who were successors in title to the Lord of 
 the Manor of Manchester, and contended t hat t he old manorial rights purchased 
 by them still existed in the Corporation, only confirmed and codified by the 
 Manchester Markets Acts passed in 1810. Their lordships held that the Act 
 of 1846 had in fad created a new market in place of the old manorial market 
 the Corporation had.'purchased from the Lord of the Manor. On the second 
 point of disturbance of the market by the defendants there was no evidence of 
 such disturbance in this case. Accordingly the defendants were not liable, as 
 alleged, and tbe appeal was dismissed with costs. 
 
 A meeting in support of evicted tenants in Ireland was held in the Salford
 
 3^2 Annals of Manchester. [1882 
 
 Town Hall. Among the speakers were Mr. F. H. O'Donnell, M.P., and Mr. 
 M. J. Kenny, M.P. December 4. 
 
 At a town's meeting held in the Salford Town Hall under the presidency 
 of the Mayor, resolutions in favour of the Ship Canal project were adopted. 
 December 8. 
 
 A meeting was held at the Town Hall, Manchester, for the purpose of con- 
 sidering the question of establishing a home for the widows or unmarried 
 daughters of professional men and merchants who have been left by the death 
 of a parent, husband, or otherwise with inadequate means. Resolutions 
 approving of the opening of a "Home" in Higher Broughton were passed. 
 December 11. 
 
 The Right Rev. Alfred Ollivant, D.D., Bishop of Llandaff, died December 16. 
 He was born at Manchester, August 16, 1798, was Regius Professor of Divinity 
 at Cambridge and Vice-Principal of Lampeter College, and in November, 1817, 
 was appointed to the bishopric of Llandaff. 
 
 A special general meeting of the members of the Manchester Mechanics' 
 Institution was held December 27, when the new rules submitted by the 
 Directors for the government of the Technical School about to be established 
 in connection with the Institution were considered and adopted. 
 
 Mr. George Falkner, typographer and lithographer, died December 31. He 
 was born at Edinburgh in 1817, his father, Mr. Andrew Falkner, being one of 
 the masters of the High School. Mr. G. Falkner was apprenticed to the 
 printing trade in his native city, and afterwards employed in the Government 
 Printing Office in London. In 1841 he came to Manchester, and began an 
 active literary career in connection with Mr. George Bradshaw, acting as 
 editor of Bradshaw' s Manchester Journal, which was first published in May 
 of that year. He subsequently commenced business on his own account, as an 
 artistic printer, and it was not long before he was at the head of an extensive 
 business. In 1852 he published his own Notes on Algiers, and in 1882 A 
 Pilgrimage to the Shrine of Our Lady of Loreto. He was a frequent con- 
 tributor to the local papers. He was for many years a member of the 
 Council of the Manchester Royal Institution, and the scheme was his which 
 transferred that institution to the Corporation. He died on the day before 
 that on which the transfer was officially made. 
 
 Some remarkable incidents in the history of local journalism occurred 
 during the year. The North limes began July 25, as a penny evening paper, 
 in the interests of the Conservative party. The Latest News was started from 
 the same office, September 11, as a halfpenny morning paper. The proprietors 
 of the Evening News started the Morning News, September 14, and the pro- 
 prietors of the Evening Mail started the Morning Mail on the same date. 
 The North Times became a halfpenny evening paper September 25. This 
 batch of daily papers did not prove long-lived, for the North Times and the 
 Latest News came to an end December 15, and were followed on December 30 
 by the Morning Mail and Morning News — as soon as it was clear that their 
 new rivals had been disposed of. The unsuccessful attempt to float the North 
 Times was said to have caused a loss of £16,000 to its proprietors.
 
 1883] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 393 
 
 1883. 
 
 The Malagasy ambassadors visited Manchester on January 2 and 3, and 
 the Mayor entertained them at a public soiree. 
 
 The Manchester Ship Canal Bill was declared, on January 22, by the 
 examiner of Private Bills in the House of Commons, to have failed to comply 
 with the standing orders of Parliament. 
 
 The Right Rev. Richard Roskell, Catholic prelate, died at Whitewell, 
 January 27. He was born August 15, 1817, and appointed successively to St. 
 Augustine's and St. Patrick's, Manchester ; and to the Cathedral. Salford ; 
 first provost and vicar general of the diocese of Salford ; he was consecrated 
 Bishop of Nottingham, September 21, 1853 ; translated to Abdera, July 5, 1875. 
 
 The last services in the Oldham Street Wesleyan Chapel, previous to its 
 demolition, were held February 1. The chapel was erected in the life-time of 
 Rev. John Wesley. 
 
 Mr. Charles Leigh Clare, J.P., died at his residence, Higher Broughton, 
 February 10, in the fifty-third year of his age. He was largely engaged as a 
 merchant in the African trade, and for some years a director of the Chamber of 
 Commerce. In philanthropic and social reform movements he was a devoted 
 worker. He was honorary secretary of the Prisons Conference, which consists 
 of the visiting justices of county prisons. 
 
 The Ship Canal Bill allowed to proceed by the Standing Orders Committee 
 of the House of Commons. March 2. 
 
 Mr. James Gascoigne Lynde died March 15, aged G7 years. He was a native 
 of the South of England, but in 1857 came to Manchester as City Surveyor, 
 which position he retained until his resignation in March, 187'.). Among the 
 more notable undertakings carried out under his supervision were the widening 
 of Deansgate, the improvement of the river Medlock, and the construction of 
 the Corporation Gasworks at Bradford Road. He prepared the plans 
 for laying out Alexandra Park, and those for the Southern Cemetery. 
 The Queen's Road Viaduct, the Smedley Road Bridge crossing the river Irk, 
 the Waterloo Bridge which crosses the Irwell in Strangeways, the Irwel] 
 Street Bridge in connection with the Quay Street improvement, and the 
 Prince's Bridge which provides communication between Manchester and 
 Salford by way of Hampson Street, Oldfield Road, were all constructed from 
 his designs. Mr. Lynde was one of the oldest members of the Institution of 
 Civil Engineers, having completed his fiftieth year of membership; he was a 
 Fellow of the Geological Society of London, and a member of the Institute of 
 Mechanical Engineers. 
 
 A supplementary Royal Charter was granted, which authorised the 
 Victoria University to confer medical degrees. March 20. 
 
 General Lord Wolseley visited Manchester on March 28 and 29 for the 
 purpose of being present at the founding of the Wolseley Masonic Lodge. He 
 was also entertained at a banquet in the Manchester Town Hall. 
 
 The Very Rev. Canon James Wilding died April 1. lie was born at 
 Yealand, November, 1820; ordained and appointed to the Salford Cathedral, 
 December 19, 1846; Granby Row, November, 1851; Missionary Rector and 
 Dean, November, 1859.
 
 394 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [18S3 
 
 The High Sheriff, Mr. Thomas Ashton, publicly escorted from his residence 
 at Didsbury to meet the Judges of Assize on their arrival in the city. April 14. 
 Alderman Thomas Baker received the honour of knighthood at Osborne, 
 April 20. 
 
 Mr. John Townsend, formerly Councillor for St. Clement's Ward, 1862-77, 
 died at Blackpool, April 27, aged 58. 
 
 Mr. E. Crompton Potter, Manchester merchant, died at Brighton on May 
 6. He was the son of Mr. Edmund Potter, calico printer, of Manchester, and 
 Dinting Vale Works, and was born at Manchester, July 22, 1830. He was 
 educated at the Chorlton High Schoool, Dover Street, and at the Manchester 
 New College, Grosvenor Square, and at the age of twenty-one became a 
 partner in the firm of E. Potter and Co. For some years previous 
 to his death the main responsibilities of the business rested upon Mr. 
 E. C. Potter. The Unitarian Chapel at Dinting was built and endowed by 
 the firm, and Mr. Potter was a liberal donor to the Unitarian chapels at Gee 
 Cross, Piatt, and in Brook Street, Chorlton. He was a very competent 
 connoisseur and art collector, having one of the finest collections of cloissone 
 ware in the kingdom. Among the pictures at his residence, Rusholme Hall, 
 was the " Welsh Funeral " of David Cox. Believing in the educational power 
 of art exhibitions, he was always ready to assist in such objects both with 
 money and loans of pictures. 
 
 Mr. Robert Holt, bookseller, of Shudehill, died at his residence, 1, Kirk- 
 mans, Prestwich, on May 8, aged 53. He left bequests to the Chetham Library 
 and to the Owens College. 
 
 No. 1 of the Textile Recorder issued May 15. 
 
 A meeting of ratepayers of the parish of Manchester was heia to authorise 
 the application for a faculty to make alterations and restorations at the Cathe- 
 dral. May 28. 
 
 The premises of Messrs. Baerlein and Co., Blackfriars Street, were struck 
 by lightning and set on fire on June 9. The damage was estimated at about 
 £20,000. 
 
 Mr. F. W. Pullen died at his residence in Urmston, June 13. He was born in 
 1828, and a considerable portion of his life was spent in Manchester and Liver- 
 pool, in the service of the firm of Messrs. W. and S. Caine and Co. Mr. Pullen 
 was an admirer of the writings of Mr. John Ruskin, and in the hope of help- 
 ing forward his work, Mr. Pullen in 1879 became associated with a number of 
 other friends in the formation of the Ruskin Society. The Manchester 
 centre was followed by similar groups at Glasgow, Sheffield, Birmingham, 
 and elsewhere. Mr. Pullen was the honorary secretary, and afterwards chair- 
 man of the committee of this organisation. He had previously been a corres- 
 pondent of Mr. Ruskin, and some of his letters appear in " Fors Clavigera." 
 A few members of the society, including Mr. Pullen, met Mr. Ruskin at the 
 St. George's Museum, Sheffield. The society desired to have a motto, and Mr. 
 Pullen sought Mr. Ruskin's help. In reply he wrote : " It is curious that with 
 your note came another (which won't be answered), asking for an autograph 
 and for my motto— also curious that I've just marked in Plato a motto which 
 I am thinking of taking for all my books in future editions—' ^evdos 8e alSo'i 
 ko.1 diKi) vefxear^Tov KaracpvcLv.' (I've run Kara (pvcni' into one word, because I took
 
 188cS] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 395 
 
 it for my first disguised name.)— Always gratefully yours, J. Ruskin." Mr. 
 Pullen was interested in the fate of St. Mark's, at Venice, and when alarm was 
 excited at the proposed alterations organised the meeting held in the Man- 
 chester Town Hall, 26th November, 1879. Mr. Pullen's life as a public man was 
 exclusively confined to action for the spreading of the influence of Mr. 
 Buskin's ideas, and that chiefly, if not entirely, in their social relations. To 
 this task he brought transparent candour and honesty, unbounded enthusiasm, 
 and no mean power of exposition. 
 
 The Osborne Street Corporation Baths were opened by the Mayor, June 14. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Simpson, formerly alderman of Manchester, died at Stanford 
 Rivers, June 22. 
 
 The British calico printers' second garden party was held at the Botanical 
 Gardens, June 23. 
 
 Mr. Peter Spence, J.P., F.C.S., died at Erlington House, Old Trafford, July 
 5. He was born at Brechin in 1S06, and, having received a fair education, 
 became an active worker in the temperance cause. He turned his attention to 
 chemistry, and patented a series of processes which revolutionised the alum 
 manufacture. The Pendleton Alum Works, founded by Mr. Spence, was 
 removed from that place in 1S57, after a remarkable legal contest at Liverpool 
 Assizes in that year. They were then continued at Newton Heath. As an 
 employer he was just and liberal. He was a Congregationalist, and an 
 advanced Liberal in politics, but declined all invitations to contests for a seat 
 in Parliament. He was the author of several scientific memoirs. 
 
 The Salford Sewage Works at Mode Wheel were formally opened July 6. 
 
 The Earl of Shaftesbury visited Manchester on July 7, for the purpose of 
 laying a corner-stone of an addition to the Boys' Refuge in Strangeways. 
 During his stay an address was presented to his lordship by a large number of 
 operatives in the Free Trade Hall, as an acknowledgment of his endeavours to 
 reduce the hours of labour amongst the working people. He remained in Man- 
 chester until the 10th, and was the guest of the Mayor at the Town Hall. 
 
 The Manchester Ship Canal Bill passed the third reading in the House of 
 Commons, July 12. 
 
 The foundation stone of the new museum at Queen's Park laid by the 
 Mayor, July 14. 
 
 Mr. John Pooley, formerly alderman of Manchester, died August 1, ag,ed 82. 
 
 Mr. James Crossley, F.S. A., died at Stocks House, Cheetham Hill Road, on 
 August 1. He was born at Halifax, March 31, 1800, his father being a merchant 
 of moderate position. He was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, 
 at Skircoat, in Halifax, where he obtained a good knowledge of the classics* 
 At the age of sixteen he came to Manchester, and was articled to Mr. Thomas 
 Ainsworth, solicitor, father of Mr. Ainsworth, the novelist. In this business 
 he afterwards became a partner, and later the principal, when the firm 
 was known as that of Crossley and Sudlow. Some yens before his death he 
 retired from professional life. But it was chiefly as a man of letters and as a 
 book collector that he was one of the most remarkable men of the city of his 
 adoption. Even in his teens he was able to write mature and polished articles 
 for Blackwood. In the December number of 1820 is an article of his on the 
 Literary Characters of Bishop Warburton and Dr. Johnson, and later
 
 396 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 1883 
 
 numbers contained articles from his pen which Dr. Johnson himself might 
 have been proud of. In 1820 he became a principal contributor to the Retro- 
 spective Revieiv, which was then launched with the aid of some of the leading 
 writers of the day. Subsequently he gave valuable assistance to Mr. J. G. 
 Lockhart in the preparation of the Quarterly Review. The great feature of Mr. 
 Crossley's life was the formation of the Chetham Society. This society, whose 
 first formal meeting was held in the Chetham College on March 23, 1843, was 
 originally suggested by Mr. Crossley, who, at the death of Dr. Holme in 1847, 
 became its second president, which office he held until his death. For this 
 society he edited vol. i. of The Diary and Correspondence of Dr. John 
 Worthington, Potts' s Discovery of Witches in the County of Lancaster, etc. 
 Among his intimate friends was his fellow clerk, Mr. W. H. Ainsworth, who 
 was indebted to him for suggesting the idea of more than one of his novels. 
 In his younger days he was prominent among the Tory politicians, and was 
 always ready to aid the cause with a polished and brilliant speech. He was 
 also president of the Spenser Society, and was more or less identified with all 
 the educational and literary movements of Manchester from 1830 until his death. 
 In 1877 he was elected honorary librarian of Chetham's Library. As a book 
 collector he amassed a collection of some ninety thousand volumes, including 
 the most complete collection of De Foe's works then in the possession 
 of one person. His literary knowledge was deep and wide, his memory a 
 storehouse, and his command of language remarkable. 
 
 Rev. Robert Moffat, D.D., died at Leigh, Kent, August 7. He was born at 
 Inverkeithing in 1795, and when employed as a gardener, at High Leigh, decided 
 to become a missionary. For this purpose he joined the missionary college at 
 Manchester, under Mr. Roby, and was sent out in 1816. His labours amongst 
 the Bechuanas form one ,of the most interesting chapters in the history of 
 missions. 
 
 The Manchester Ship Canal Bill was rejected by the House of Lords* 
 Committee, August 9. 
 
 The Manchester City Art Gallery, hitherto known as the Royal Institution, 
 in Mosley Street, was opened by Lord Carlingford, on August 31. 
 
 Mr. William Evans, founder of the Manchester Evening News, died at 
 New Mills, September 1, aged 58 years. 
 
 Mr. Hugh Birley, M.P., died at his residence, Moorlands, Didsbury, on 
 September 9. He was born at Blackburn, October 21, 1817, and was educated 
 at Winchester School. Coming to Manchester, he became a partner in the firm 
 of Messrs. Charles Mackintosh and Co., indiarubber manufacturers, and the 
 originators of the waterproof garment of the same name. Early in life he 
 began to manifest an active interest in religious institutions, and his donations 
 given at various times to found churches in Manchester and neighbourhood 
 amounted to not less than £100,000. To the erection of St. John the Baptist, 
 St. Michael's, St. Philip's, St. Stephen's, and St. Mark's, in Hulme; St. 
 Matthew's, Ardwick ; St. Clement's, Longsight ; St. Paul's, Chorlton-on-Med- 
 lock; Holy Innocents', Fallowfield; St. Martin's, Manchester; St. John's, 
 Longsight ; St. James the Less, Ancoats ; and St. Luke's, Miles Platting, he 
 was either the chief or a large contributor, while he was also identified with 
 numerous benevolent institutions. He was a magistrate for the county of
 
 1383] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 397 
 
 Lancaster, and was appointed a deputy-lieutenant in 1S74. From 1868 until his 
 death he was M.P. for Manchester as a Conservative. In 1S57 he published 
 a small volume of poetry entitled The Outward Bound : an Overland Voyage 
 in 1S43 and IS44. He was buried at Didsbury Church. 
 
 Mr. Henry Ogden, formerly councillor for Exchange "Ward (1858-64), died at 
 Midhurst, September 15, aged 67 years. 
 
 Alderman William Booth, J.P., of Cornbrook, died at Pensarn, North 
 Wales, September 16. He was born in 1812. He was first elected a member of the 
 City Council in 1859 to represent St. George's Ward. In 1868 he was elected an 
 alderman and assigned to St. George's, and afterwards to Medlock Ward. In 
 1871 he was elected mayor, and again in 1872. His connection with the Sunday 
 schools of St. Peter's Church was almost life-long. He was a member of the 
 Chorlton Board of Guardians from 1858 to 1861, For some years he was chair- 
 man of the Stretford Gas Company. He possessed a large private library, which 
 was sold after his death. 
 
 The Manchester Technical School, which was established in connection 
 with the Mechanics' Institute in Princess Street, was opened by Mr. Oliver 
 Heywood, J. P., on September 27. 
 
 Mr. John Standring, formerly councillor for St. George's Ward (1815-S), 
 died in September, at Bowdon, aged 78. 
 
 A contested election for two city auditors was held October 1. Only nine 
 hundred and seventy-three votes were recorded as follows : Joseph Scott 765, 
 William Milne 105, John Kingsley 90. Mr. Milne resigned his office two days 
 afterwards, and Mr. Frank Hollins was elected October 18 without a contest. 
 
 The election of a Member of Parliament in place of Mr. Hugh Birley, 
 deceased, took place October 4. The votes were : Mr. W. H. Houldsworth, 
 (C.) 18,18S ; Mr. R. M. Pankhurst (R.) 6,216. There was no official candidate put 
 forward by the Liberal party. 
 
 Mr. John Slater, violoncellist, died at his residence, at Cheadle, on October 
 17. He was born in Manchester in 1798. He was a zealous floriculturist. 
 
 Mr. Edmund Potter, F.R.S., J. P. and D.L. of the county of Derby, died 
 at his residence, Campfield Place, Hatfield. He was born at Ardwick in 1 
 and passed through an apprenticeship of seven years. He went to Dinting 
 Vale when he was 25 years of age, and in partnership with another young man 
 commenced business as a calico printer. The tax on prints was so heavy, how- 
 ever, that the business at first was not remunerative. In 1830 he and others 
 interested in the manufacture endeavoured to obtain a repeal of this tax ; but 
 it was not until the advent of Lord Grey's ministry that the imposition was 
 removed. In 1836 the Dinting Vale printing business began to show signs of 
 success, and ultimately became one of the largest printing establishments 
 in the world. From 1861 until 1874 Mr. Potter represented Carlisle in Parlia- 
 ment as a Liberal. He was the author of numerous pamphlets, including 
 History of Calico Printing, Limited Liability, etc. He was elected a Fellow 
 of the Royal Society in recognition of the scientific knowledge which he showed 
 in the development of calico printing. Be was also president, from 1858 to 
 1860, of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Mr. Henry Julius Leppoc, J. P., died at his residence, Kersal Crag, 
 Higher Broughton. October 30. He was born at Brunswick on September 9,
 
 398 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1883 
 
 1807, and in 1834 came to Manchester to manage a branch of the firm of Messrs. 
 Michaelis & Samson, of Leipsic. The style of the firm in Manchester was that 
 of Samson and Leppoc, and he directed its affairs until 1870, when he retired. 
 For some years he was a director of the Chamber of Commerce. Money and 
 time he gave liberally to nearly every charity in the neighbourhood. The Eye 
 Hospital, the Barnes Charity, and the Deaf and Dumb Institution were under 
 weighty obligations to him ; as were the Athenaeum, the Mechanics' Institution, 
 and the Model Secular School founded in Manchester in 1854. As a magistrate* 
 and as, for many years, chairman of the Board of Guardians, he rendered 
 great services to the public. His family name was originally Coppell. 
 
 Mr. William Lockett, chairman of the Newton Heath Local Board, died 
 November 14, aged 59. 
 
 Count Ferdinand de Lesseps visited Manchester from the 16th to the 19th 
 of November. The principal motive of his visit was that he might ascertain 
 the views of the citizens of Manchester with regard to the Suez Canal. 
 Numerous addresses of a complimentary character were presented to him 
 during his visit. 
 
 Lord Overstone, formerly of the banking firm of Jones, Lloyd, and Co., of 
 Manchester and London, died, November 18, aged 87. He was an unsuccessful 
 candidate for Manchester in 1832. 
 
 An action was brought in the Chancery of Lancashire by Mr. Henry 
 Lawlor to restrain the Corporation from charging their market tenants with 
 tolls on goods sold in addition to rent for ground occupied. Vice-Chancellor 
 Bristowe heard the case on October 22 and 23, and on November 20 gave judg- 
 ment in favour of the plaintiff. This decision caused a complete revolution in 
 the mode of managing the Corporation markets. 
 
 The Deanery of Manchester was accepted by the Very Rev. John Oakley, 
 Dean of Carlisle, November 20. 
 
 Mr. Richard Haworth, J. P., died on November 30, at his residence, Mersey 
 Bank, Didsbury. He was born at Bury in 1820, and was the son of a poor 
 artisan. At the age of twelve he was employed in the mill of Messrs. Open- 
 shaw and Co. From this position he rose to be the head of a large cotton 
 spinning firm, whose mills are situated in different parts of Manchester. He 
 was chairman of the Equitable Fire Insurance Company, and of the Lanca- 
 shire and Yorkshire Accident Insurance Company. He was a member of the 
 first Manchester School Board, and an influential member of the Wesleyan 
 body. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Binyon Forster died December 2, in his fifty-second year, after 
 a long and painful illness. He was the leader of a party of dissident members 
 of the Society of Friends, who held meetings at the Memorial Hall. He was 
 the editor of the Manchester Iriend, 1871-2. 
 
 Mr. Isaac Slater died at his house in Fallowfield, December 3. He was a 
 self-made man, and was born in Great Ancoats Street in 1803, and was appren- 
 ticed about the year 1817 to Mr. James Pigot, engraver and copperplate printer, 
 in Fountain Street. Mr. Pigot established himself in 1795 in Bark Street, and 
 as Mr. Slater succeeded him he was entitled to speak of his business as dating 
 from the last century. Early in the present century Mr. Pigot compiled and 
 published a Manchester directory in conjunction with Messrs. R. and W. Dean,
 
 18 : 3 ] Annals of Manchester. 399 
 
 booksellers, Market Street. Subsequently Mr. Pigot began tbe issue of a Man- 
 chester directory on his own account. Tbe directory for 1813, which was one of 
 the later directories prepared in conjunction with Messrs. R. and W. Dean, is 
 not larger than a handbook. Technically it would perhaps be described as a 
 crown 8vo, and it contains three hundred pages, with about twelve thousand 
 names, including many repetitions. Mr. Slater, some years after the completion 
 of his apprenticeship, entered into partnership with Mr. Pigot, and the firm, 
 after undergoing several changes, became Pigot and Slater. About the year 
 1840, on the retirement of Mr. Pigot, Mr. Slater became the sole proprietor. 
 From an early date the work of issuing directories was left largely with Mr. 
 Slater, and under his skilful management it grew rapidly. About the year 
 1821 the firm issued a directory of Lancashire and also a directory of London. 
 Some county directories were afterwards undertaken, as well as directories of 
 the larger provincial towns of the three kingdoms. Mr. Slater retired a few 
 years before his death from the active control of the business, which has 
 devolved upon his son, Mr. J. W. Slater. Mr. Slater married Miss Ellen 
 Wetherall, who died in 1S73. 
 
 Mr. Nicholas Kilvert, Councillor for St. John's Ward (from 186S to 1877), 
 died at Ashton-on-Mersey, December 4, aged 61. 
 
 The Crown Prince of Portugal, the Duke of Braganza, visited Manchester 
 on December 5. His visit was limited to one day. 
 
 Mr. John Thomas Pellett, ex-alderman of Salford, died December 6, 
 aged 67. 
 
 The Miles Platting Ritual Case, Heywood v. The Bishop of Manchester, 
 tried before Baron Pollock. December 10 and 11. (See under date January 22, 
 1884.) 
 
 - A great storm raged in Manchester and elsewhere, December 11 and 12. 
 
 The Right Hon. Sir Charles Hall died, at Farnham Chase, December 12. 
 He was born at Manchester in 1814, and was the son of a merchant, who lost 
 most of his fortune by the failure of a bank. Mr. Hall entered an attorney's 
 office, but soon after entered as a student of the Middle Temple, and by hard 
 study acquired a high reputation as a lawyer. His arguments are regarded as 
 models of legal learning and acumen. He never " took silk,'' and his earnings 
 latterly were said to be over £10,000 per annum. In 1873 he was appointed 
 Vice-Chancellor, a post which he resigned after a paralytic attack in 
 June, 1882. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Ashton, M.D., died at his residence, Norwood, Altrincham, 
 on December 15. He was born in Manchester in 1800, his father beinu- a well- 
 known baker and flour merchant near the Mosley Hotel. He studied, and in 
 1S32 graduated, at Leyden. In 1841 he became a Licentiate of the Royal 
 College of Physicians, London, and subsequently took his degree of M.D. He 
 commenced to practise in Manchester, where he soon obtained an extensive 
 connection, which he retained until his retirement in middle life. He was the 
 author of Visits to the Museum of the Natural History Society, and The 
 Sabbath and the Sunday. (Baker's Memorials, p.J130.) 
 
 Captain Henry Anthony Bennett, J. P., died December 21, aged 64. 
 
 Mr. John Ashton died December 27, at his residence at YVhalley Range. 
 He was born in 1810. By his ability he won a partnership, in 1845, iu the busi-
 
 400 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 11S84 
 
 ness of Mr. John Curtis, currier, and in 1869 he became the principal proprietor 
 of the business. He represented the Cheetham Ward in the City Council from 
 1865 until 1880, when he was elected an Alderman and assigned to the St. 
 James's Ward. Failing health induced him to resign his aldermanship in 1883. 
 The Ristori Performance given in December in aid of the Manchester and 
 Salford Medical Charities realised £213. 
 
 1884. 
 
 The Limners' Club, in Ridgefield, established by artists some six or seven 
 years previously, was dissolved, and the bulk of the members were, on 
 January 3, admitted to membership in the Arts Club, Albert Square. 
 
 The Very Rev. B. M. Cowie, D.D., Dean of Manchester, was installed as 
 Dean of Exeter on January 6. 
 
 A meeting of railway shareholders was held in the Manchester Town Hall, 
 on January 8, to protest against undue State interference with railways. 
 Alderman J. M. Bennett occupied the chair, and was supported by Lord 
 Brabourne, Lord Alfred Churchill, and others. 
 
 A deposit of £277,950 in Consols was made with the Chancery Division of 
 the High Court of Justice, by the Provisional Committee of the Manchester 
 Ship Canal Scheme, January 12. 
 
 The Manchester Trades Journal, a monthly periodical, was first published 
 during the week ending January 12. 
 
 Professor John Stuart Blackie, of Edinburgh, lectured in the Manchester 
 Town Hall, January 15, on " Christianity and the Land Laws." 
 
 The Japanese Ambassador, Jushi-i-Mori, accompanied by his wife, Madame 
 Mori, arrived in Manchester on a private visit, Jannary 15.. On the following 
 day the Ambassador was shown over the mills of Sir Elkanah Armitage and 
 Sons, and the printworks of Messrs. T. Hoyle and Sons, and was also, with 
 Madame Mori, entertained at luncheon by the Mayor in the Town Hall. 
 
 Mr. Archibald Winterbottom died at his residence, the Lymes, Eccles Old 
 Road, on January 18. He was born at Saddleworth, and at the age of fifteen 
 walked from that village to Manchester to begin his commercial life in the 
 house of Messrs. Henry Bannerman and Sons. At nineteen years of age he 
 was made manager of a department, and at thirty taken into the partnership 
 of the firm. In 1853 he opened a warehouse on his own account, but in 1869- 
 was compelled by commercial reverses to arrange with his creditors. He next 
 purchased a mill at Weaste, and thenceforth his success was great. In 1882 he 
 realised his hope of discharging in full all the liabilities in his name which 
 amounted to about £20,000. As a token of the regard in which they held this 
 action, his creditors presented him with an illuminated address and a service 
 of plate, at Bradford, Yorkshire, on February 8, 1883. He was one of the 
 earliest promoters of the National Public School Association, and of the Model 
 Secular School, and took much interest in educational and social movements. 
 He was interred in the family vault at the Unitarian Chapel, Stand, 
 January 23. 
 
 A meeting of the professors and other gentlemen interested in education 
 was held at the Owens College, January 19, to promote co-operation between 
 the Victoria University and the schools of the neighbouring counties.
 
 1884] Annals of Manchester. 401 
 
 Mr. Claude Duval, for nine years one of the French masters of the Man- 
 chester Grammar School, died, January 20. He was interred in the Southern 
 Cemetery on the 25th. He was the author of Fanny, and other Poems. 
 
 Mr. John Burder, secretary to the Bishop of Manchester and Registrar of 
 the diocese, died January 21. He was born in London in 1821, and educated at 
 a private school in the same city. His remains were interred at l restwich on 
 the 25th instant. 
 
 Mr. William Morris, the poet, lectured at the Memorial Hall, on January 
 22, on the subject of "Art under Plutocracy." 
 
 Judgment was given on January 22, in the Queen's Bench Division, 
 against Sir Percival Heywood, in his suit to compel the Bishop of Manchester 
 to institute the Bev. H. Cowgill into the living of St. John the Evangelist's, 
 Miles Platting. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Brittain died at his residence, at Urmston, on January 23. He 
 was a native of Sheffield, where he was born in 1806. Although the greater 
 part of his life was passed in active business, yet he was for many years a 
 prominent member of the Manchester Mechanics' Institution, the Field 
 Naturalists' Society, and other societies of a literary or scientific character. 
 He was, for one term, president of the Microscopical Society, and upon his 
 retirement from that body an address, signed by 120 members, was presented 
 to him in recognition of his services in the promotion of microscopical study. 
 On the formation of the Crypotgamic Society he became one of its vice- 
 presidents. For two years he was a town councillor of Manchester. He also 
 took a leading part in the erection of the Aquarium near Alexandra Park. He 
 was one of the oldest members of the Manchester Chess Club, and in 1882 he 
 published a small book entitled Whist: How to Play and how to Win, and 
 another on Micro-Fungi. 
 
 The K ght Hon. J. G. Hhaw-Lefevre, M.P., H.M. Chief Commissioner of 
 Works, was the principal guest at a soiree held at the Manchester Reform 
 Club, on January 23. Mr. Shaw-Lefevre delivered an address on the occasion. 
 Mr. Thomas Worthington, Alderman of Manchester, died on January 23, 
 at his residence at Swinton, in the 74th year of his age. He was, it is believed, 
 educated for the medical profession, but commenced business as a merchant in 
 Mosley Street, and was subsequently appointed registrar of births and deaths 
 for St. George's District, Rochdale Road. He first entered the City Council in 
 1851, and continued to sit until 1860. He was again elected in 1863, and 
 remained a member of the Council from that time until his death, being 
 chosen an alderman in 1871. His remains were interred at the Harpurhey 
 Cemetery on the 26th. 
 
 The Right Hon. W. E. Forster, M.P., addressed a meeting of the National 
 Reform Union, in the Free Trade Hall, January 25. A crowded audience was 
 present. 
 
 Mr. Arthur James Balfour, M.P., the second Conservative candidate for 
 the representation of Manchester, was publicly introduced to the constituency 
 at a banquet given in his honour at the Conservative Club, Cross Street, 
 January 25. 
 
 Tbe Irwell Street Working Men's Institute, Salford, was opcued by Mr. 
 Alderman T. Davies on January 21 and 26. 
 
 Al
 
 402 Annals of Manchester. [18 st 
 
 Mr. J. Woodbury Craig, a native of Manchester, and for over thirty years 
 editor of Bradshaiv's Railwag Guide, died at the age of fifty-two, during the 
 week ending January 26. 
 
 Improvements in the gas-lighting of Chapel Street, New Bailey Street, and 
 Regent Road, Salford, were effected during January. 
 
 Mr. Zachary Pritchard, for fourteen years the art master of the Manches- 
 ter Grammar School, died February 3, at the age of forty. He was a native of 
 Macclesfield. 
 
 Jensen's cantata, The Feast of Adonis, was performed for the first time in 
 Manchester, by the Athenaeum Musical Society, February 18. 
 
 The Corporation of Manchester decided on February 21 to subscribe 
 £10,000 to the Manchester Ship Canal Scheme. 
 
 A bazaar was opened in the Salford Town Hall, on February 21, in aid of a 
 fund for the restoration of St. Stephen's Church, St. Stephen Street, Salford. 
 
 Mr. Edward Westhead died at Hastings on February 22, in the 74th year of 
 his age. He was a well-known merchant, and younger brother of Mr. Joshua 
 Procter Brown- Westhead, M.P. Mr. Westhead was born in George Street, 
 Manchester, in 1810. His father, Mr. Edward Westhead, with Mr. James 
 Wood, was one of the original founders of the old Manchester firm of small- 
 ware and fringe manufacturers, Messrs. Wood and Westheads, afterwards 
 Messrs. J. P. and E. Westhead and Co. At an early age he entered his father's 
 business, in which, as seen, he became a partner with his elder brother, but from 
 which he retired several years prior to his death. Like his father, Mr. West- 
 head was best known in Manchester as a prominent Wesleyan Methodist, and 
 in early life was one of the first members of Grosvenor Street Chapel, Chorlton- 
 on-Medlock. Upon the erection of Oxford Road Chapel, Mr. Westhead, with 
 his father, brothers, Mr. James Wood, Mr. T. Percival Bunting, the late Alder- 
 man Chappell, Alderman Barnes, and other Methodists residing on the south 
 side of Manchester, became the leading members of that congregation. Owing 
 to the munificence of the deceased gentleman and his relatives, one of the 
 largest, if not the largest, amount raised in aid of the "Wesleyan Centenary 
 Fund" in any circuit in the kingdom — viz., £8,438 lis. Sd. — was subscribed in 
 the then Third Manchester (Grosvenor Street) Circuit. In all matters per- 
 taining to the interests and advancement of Methodism Mr. Westhead was 
 always a warm and active friend. In the establishment of the Wesleyan 
 Theological Institution at Didsbury, in the work of Sunday schools, and in the 
 Wesleyan Missionary Society he evinced a very lively interest. Mr. Westhead, 
 who married a daughter of Alderman Chappell, resided for some years at 
 Croston Tower, Alderley Edge, but on retiring from business went to live at 
 Surbiton, in Surrey. 
 
 The music of Purcell's opera, King Arthur, was given for the first time in 
 Manchester, at the Concert Hall, by the Fallowfleld Choral Society and the 
 band of the Manchester Amateur Dramatic Society, February 25. 
 
 The Right Hon. Thomas Milner Gibson died on his yacht, at Algiers, on 
 February 25. He was born at Trinidad in 1807, and was the son of Major 
 Gibson of the 37th Regiment of Foot. He was educated at Charterhouse and 
 Cambridge, being the thirty-sixth wrangler of his year. In 1832 he married 
 the only daughter of Sir T. G. Cullum. In 1837, being a warm supporter of
 
 18841 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 403 
 
 the Tory party, he was elected Parliamentary representative of Ipswich. In 
 1839 he accepted the Chiltern Hundreds, and lost his seat for Ipswich. In 1840 
 he became, and afterwards continued to be, one of the leaders of the Anti-Corn 
 Law League. In 1841 he was returned for Manchester, in the Whig interest, 
 and held his seat for the city until 1857. He was Vice-President of the Board 
 of Trade from 1846 to 1848, during the ministry of Lord John Russell. He was 
 identified in an especial manner with the crusade against taxes on knowledge, 
 and in 1861 received a suitable acknowledgment from those whom he had 
 benefited by his successful efforts to abolish the newspaper stamp and the 
 paper duty. He was elected member for Ashton-under-Lyne in 1857, and 
 appointed President of the Board of Trade, with a seat in the Cabinet, in 1859. 
 This office he resigned in 1866. He withdrew from political life after losing his 
 seat for Ashton at the general election of 1868. 
 
 A demonstration of the unemployed of Manchester and Salford was held 
 at Pomona Gardens, February 25. About 5,000 persons were present. 
 
 A conference of persons interested in the provision of open spaces for the 
 recreation of the people of Manchester was held in the Manchester Town Hall, 
 February 26. Lord Brabazon was among those present. 
 
 A new operetta, entitled The Trumiieter's Daughter, the music of which 
 was composed by Mr, H. M. Lenz, of Manchester, was produced for the first 
 time in Manchester, at the Arts Club, Albert Square, on February 27. 
 
 At a meeting of the ratepayers of Salford, convened by the mayor, it was 
 resolved to apportion to the Manchester Ship Canal Scheme a sum of one 
 penny in the pound on the rateable value of the borough. February 27. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Steele died at Eccles, February 29. He was born in 
 Salford, November 16, 1848, and was ordained in Rome on June 15, 1878. He 
 was curate at the Catholic Church of Oldham. At the end of 1830 he went as 
 Rector to St. Mary's, Bacup. He was a member of the School Board of Bacup 
 and Newchurch-in-Rossendale. 
 
 The Guatemala Consulate was abolished in Manchester early in March. 
 The House of Lords Committee on the Manchester Ship Canal Bill began 
 its sittings on March 11. 
 
 The case of " Hankinson and another v. Barningham and others," known 
 as "The Pendleton Will Case," in which £400,000 were in dispute, was brought 
 before the Probate Court on March 12, and compromised on March 14. 
 
 M is. Goldschmidt, mayoress of Manchester, died suddenly at her residence, 
 Oldenburg House, Rusholme, on March 13. 
 
 The collection of pictures and other objects of art formed by Mr. E. 
 Compton Potter was sold in London on March 22. The sale realised £37,619. 
 The Ducie Bridge temporary station was closed on March 29. 
 Lord Ernest Hamilton delivered an address at the annual meeting of the 
 Salford Constitutional Association, in the Salford Town Hall, on March 31. 
 
 Mr. John Harding, J.P. and D.L. of Herefordshire, died at Leamington, 
 April 1. He was born at Manchester in 1803. He began business as a manu- 
 facturer of sewing cotton in Dawson's Croft, Deansgate, and subsequently 
 erected the Springfield Mills, Salford. He retired from business in 1861. He 
 was High Sherill' of Herefordshire in 1876. 
 
 Mr. Henry James Byron died, April 12, aged 49. He was the son of
 
 404 Annals of Manchester. [188 4. 
 
 Mr. Henry Byron, of Port au Prince, and was born at Manchester 
 in January, 1835. Intended for the bar, he became, at the age of 18, an 
 actor, and afterwards was a prolific and successful dramatist. His earliest 
 work, now excessively rare, was published in Manchester ; a copy is in the 
 public library. The author of Our Boys was also a novelist, but the real scene 
 of Byron's triumph was the theatre, and not the circulating library. 
 
 Irwell Foundry, the premises of Messrs. H. and J. Ellis, in Hanley Street, 
 Salford, was seriously damaged by fire on April 17. About one hundred and 
 fifty workmen were thrown out of work through the accident. 
 
 A dramatic performance was given at the Prince's Theatre, on April 22, in 
 aid of the Ben Brierley Testimonial Fund. 
 
 Signor T. Salvini, the Italian tragedian, appeared at the Prince's Theatre 
 during the week ending April 26. 
 
 Mr. William Bennett, a well-known Salford solicitor, died April 29. He 
 was born in 1823. 
 
 The Very Rev. John Oakley, D.D., was installed Dean of Manchester, 
 April 30. 
 
 Mr. E. Kirk Norris, of Myrtle Grove, Northenden, bequeathed by will, 
 proved in April, to the Manchester Royal Infirmary £1,000, St. Mary's Hospital, 
 Manchester, £500 ; the General Hospital, Pendlebury, £500 ; Royal Asylum for 
 Imbeciles, Lancaster, £500 ; the Manchester Certified Industrial School, Ardwick 
 Green, £500 ; the Manchester Branch Certified Industrial School, Sale, £500 ; 
 Henshaw's Blind Asylum, £500 ; Manchester School for the Deaf and Dumb, 
 £500 ; Manchester Warehousemen and Clerks' Orphan Schools, Cheadle Hulme, 
 £500 ; Chester Diocesan Training College, Chester, £500 : Chester Diocesan 
 Training College, Warrington, £500 ; Church Pastoral Aid Society, £500 ; 
 Additional Curates Society, £500 ; and the Church Missionary Society, £500. 
 
 Mr. James Sorbie, calico printer, of Manchester, left by will, proved in April, 
 to the Manchester Royal Infirmary, £300; Henshaw's Blind Asylum, £100; 
 Deaf and Dumb Institution, Old Trafford, £100 ; Northern Counties Hospital 
 for Chronic and Incurable Diseases, £100; Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, 
 £100; United Kingdom Alliance, £100; Manchester Ragged and Certified 
 Industrial Schools, £50; Ministers and Elders of Dairy, N.B., for the poor, 
 £1,000 ; Minister of Dairy for the Sunday School Library, £50. 
 
 The new portion of the Victoria Station, the premises of the Lancashire and 
 Yorkshire Railway Company, was opened on May 1. The dimensions of the 
 enlarged station are, length 725 feet, breadth 656 feet, and area 52,844 yards. It 
 has now thirteen platforms, and four carriage and two foot approaches, of 
 which the principal are those leading from Corporation Street and Strangeways. 
 The platforms are connected by subways. The new part was designed by the 
 chief engineer of the company, Mr. William Hunt, and is estimated to have 
 cost, exclusive of land, about £170,000. 
 
 Mr. Robert Angus Smith, Ph.D., F.R.S., died at Colwyn Bay, May 12. He 
 was born near Glasgow in 1817, and studied chemistry at Geissen, under Liebig, 
 from 1839 until 1841. In 1844 he settled in Manchester. In 1857 he was elected 
 a Fellow of the Royal Society, and was sometime President of the Manchester 
 Literary and Philosophical Society. In 1873 he was appointed Inspector-General 
 of alkali works for the United Kingdom. His published works were many, and
 
 1884] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 405 
 
 included a Life of John Dalton, and the History of the Atomic Theory up to 
 his Time; Air and Rain; Centenary of Science in Manchester. His remains 
 were interred in St. Paul's Churchyard, Kersal. There is a biographical sketch 
 of himin the Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philoso2)hical Society. 
 
 The Manchester Ship Canal Bill was passed by the House of Lords Com- 
 mittee on May 23. 
 
 The will of Mr. Asa Lees, of Ashton-under-Lyne, who died May 20, was 
 proved during August, and included, among other bequests, two of £10,000 each 
 to the Lancashire Independent College and the Owens College. 
 
 Mr. J. Holden, the architect of Prestwich Lunatic Asylum and of the former 
 restorations of the Manchester Cathedral, died in May, at the age of eighty-one. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Rothwell Bently, M.A., Honorary Canon of the Man- 
 chester Cathedral, and rector of St. Matthew's, Campfield, for forty-four years, 
 died June 2. He was born in London in 1S0G. He was one of the first members 
 of the committee for the establishment of the Free Library at Campfield, and 
 was also closely connected for over thirty years with the management of St. 
 Mary's Hospital, Quay Street. He was interred in the vault beneath St. 
 Matthew's Church. 
 
 St. James's Theatre, Oxford Street, was opened June 2. 
 
 Mr. Charles Hadfield, author and journalist, died June 4, in his sixty-third 
 year. He was a native of Glossop, but came to Manchester while young. 
 Although originally trained to the business of house-painting, his tastes led 
 him to adopt the profession of literature. He was a frequent contributor to 
 numerous local papers, and was successively editor of the Manchester City 
 News, Warrington Examiner, and Salford Weekly News. 
 
 Rev. William Gaskell, M. A., died, June 11. He was born in 1805, and in 
 1828 became one of the ministers of Cross Street Chapel, a position which he 
 held until his death. The lectures on the Lancashire dialect which he pub- 
 lished in 1854 were first read as notes to the Literary and Philosophical Society. 
 He found little time for original authorship beyond the preparation of his dis- 
 courses, which he read from shorthand notes. He published in 1839 a small 
 volume of Temperance Rhymes, which had considerable popular approval, and 
 in 1859 a volume of Life and Letters of Mr. John Ashton Nicholls, and many 
 sermons on special occasions. He is buried in the chapel yard at Knutsford, by 
 the side of his wife, the authoress of Mary Barton. 
 
 A great demonstration, in favour of the Manchester Ship Canal Bill, was 
 held at Pomona Gardens, June 21. It was estimated that about fifty thousand 
 persons were present. 
 
 The Salford, Pendleton, and Broughton Reporter, formerly issued as the 
 Pendleton Reporter, was published June 28. (See under date April 19, 1879.) 
 
 The Rev. Henry M. Birch, M.A., Canon of Ripon Cathedral, and for- 
 merly Rector of Prestwich, near Manchester, died at Windsor, June 29, in his 
 sixty-fourth year. He was at one time the tutor of the Prince of Wales, and was 
 always a welcome guest at Sandringham, even when he no longer held that 
 office. His remains were interred in Prestwich Churchyard. 
 
 The Exchange Station, erected by the London and North Western Railway 
 Company, in lieu of the quarters which they had previously occupied at Hunt's 
 Bank, was first opened in June. The building, which was designed by Mr.
 
 406 Annals of Manchester. U8;4 
 
 Francis Stevenson, the engineer-in-chief of the comprny, is in the modern 
 classical style, having a length of S00 feet, a breadth of 250 feet, and an area of 
 200,000 feet. It has two approaches, one from Chapel Street, Salford, the other 
 from Victoria Street, Manchester. Placed, as it is, directly opposite the west 
 end of the Cathedral, and on the Salford side of the Irwell, it occupies a 
 commanding position, and improves, in no small degree, the general appearance 
 of that part of the city. 
 
 The Queen's Park Museum, erected by the Manchester Corporation at a 
 cost of £6,000, was opened by the Right Hon. A. J. Mundella, M.P., July 5. 
 
 The new Higher Grade Board School, in Deansgate, was opened by the 
 Right Hon. A. J. Mundella, M.P., July 7. The building is of the early Gothic 
 style, and was erected at a cost of £30,000. 
 
 Mr. George Anderton, for some time a town councillor of Manchester, a 
 director of the Victoria Building Society, and otherwise well-known in Man- 
 chester, died at Southport, July 13. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Hayes found dead in the Bridgewater Canal, near Patricroft, 
 July 16. He was born about 1818, and was for many years engaged in the old 
 book trade, and amassed property amounting to about £16,000. In 1857 he married, 
 and subsequently adopted Mr. William Tatham, then a boy of about 14, whom he 
 educated. He made a draft of a will, by which he left his property to his wife for 
 life, after which Mr. Tatham was to receive £10,000, the remainder to go to the 
 founding of two scholarships at the Owens College, Manchester. As the will could 
 not be found, his next-of-kin claimed, and the case was tried April 16, 1885. Mr. 
 Hayes was careless about his papers, and it was therefore assumed that he had 
 destroyed the document. After evidence in support of Mr. Tatham's case, 
 counsel for defendant intimated that he did not feel in a position to further 
 contest the case, and the court accordingly pronounced for the will, allowing the 
 defendant his costs out of the estate. 
 
 Rev. Charles Marshall, M.A., Rector of Harpurhey, died July 23. He was 
 born at Ely, 1820, and educated at St. Bees, 1843, but received the M.A. degree 
 from the Archbishop of Canterbury, 1850, and became Rector of Harpurhey in 
 1S54. In 1882 he edited The Latin Prayer Book of Charles II. 
 
 A great Liberal demonstration was held at Pomona Gardens, July 26. The 
 Marquis of Hartington and the Right Hon. John Bright addressed the meet- 
 ing. About 20,000 persons were present. 
 
 The Manchester Ship Canal Bill was rejected by the Select Committee of 
 the House of Commons, August 1. 
 
 Miss A. C. Clough, niece of Mr. James Crossley, died early in August. She 
 was the writer of Cranleigh of Cranleigh and other sketches. 
 
 47 and 48 Victoria, cap. 215. Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders of 
 the Local Government Board relating to the borough of Abervon, the Local 
 Government Districts of Brighouse, Denton and Haughton, and the city of 
 Manchester. August 7. 
 
 A great Conservative demonstration was held at Pomona Gardens, 
 August 9. The Marquis of Salisbury and Lord R. Churchill addressed the 
 meeting. 
 
 Mr. Warwick Brookes died August 11, in the seventy-third year of his age. 
 He was born in Salford, and at an early age apprenticed as a pattern-designtr,
 
 1884] Annals of Manchester. 407 
 
 In 1849 he began to exhibit at the Royal Institution, by sending a series of 
 sketches illustrating the Journal of a Poor Vicar. His sketches and studies 
 of children were his speciality, and were always an attraction at the Institution. 
 In 1S68 he was elected a member of the Manchester Academy of Fine Arts. In 
 1871 he was, upon the recommendation of Mr. Gladstone, placed upon the Civil 
 List, " in consideration of his talent as an artist," and from that time received 
 the annual pension of £100. His remains were interred at Brooklands Cemetery 
 on August 16. 
 
 Mr. William Rayner Wood, J.P., and a deputy-lieutenant, died at his 
 residence, Singleton Lodge, Bury Old Road, August 20. Mr. Wood was born 
 on August 26, 1811, at Piatt, and in 1822 he entered the Grammar School in this 
 city. He was prepared by the late Rev. John James Tayler, B.A., for Man- 
 chester College, York, which he entered as a lay student in 1829, and pursued 
 his studies there three years, and for a long series of years afterwards he filled 
 various offices in connection with that institution. He was always most 
 sedulous in the discharge of his magisterial duties. Some yeai's ago he was a 
 member of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce and the Commercial Asso- 
 ciation. In these capacities and as a director of the Manchester Savings Bank, 
 he rendered valuable service to his native city. Impaired health for some 
 time interfered with the discharge of those public duties to which through 
 a long period of years he devoted himself with remarkable zeal. In 1S41 he 
 married Sarah Jane, daughter of the late Mr. James M'Connel, of Manchester. 
 
 Rev. Peter Rathbone Berry died at Fleetwood, August 31, at the age 
 of thirty-nine. He was a native of Warrington, and in 1874 became Congre- 
 gational minister at Fleetwood, and in 1877 accepted the pastorate of the New 
 Windsor Congregational Church. He is buried at Salford Cemetery. 
 
 The will of the late Mr. R. Clayton Mercer, of Accrington, proved during 
 August, included the following bequests : To the Victoria University £1,000, to 
 the Manchester Eye Hospital £500, to the Manchester Infirmary £500. 
 
 Mr. Sam Mendel died, in his seventy-third year, at Balham, September 17. 
 He was born in Liverpool, but was brought to Manchester while very young. 
 His first employment was in the warehouse of Mr. B. Liebert, of Bow Street, 
 and, on behalf of his employer, he subsequently travelled to Hamburg and Sout h 
 America. He next began business on his own account, and in a few yens 
 became one of the leading merchants in Manchester, being frequently styled 
 the "Merchant Prince." His residence, Mauley Hall, Whalley Range, was a 
 magnificent establishment. In his latter years Mr. Mendel resided at 
 Chislehurst. 
 
 Mr. John Hardy, a gentleman well-known as an active member of several 
 scientific societies in Manchester, died September 15, in his sixty-seventh year. 
 
 The new offices of the Manchester Diocesan Church Building Society, in 
 South King Street, were opened on September 29. The building, which La of late 
 Gothic style, was erected at a cost of about £11,000. 
 
 The Manchester City Lantern, a weekly satirical journal, ceased to lie 
 published in September. 
 
 The Cheshire Lines Railway Company opened a new line from Manchester 
 to Southport. September. 
 
 The new General Post Office of Manchester was opened in September.
 
 40S Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1884 
 
 This building, erected from the designs of Mr. Williams, surveyor to H.M. 
 Board of Works, at a cost of about £120,000, is one of the most imposing 
 structures in the city. It is in the modern classical style, with separate fronts, 
 one in Spring Gardens, the other in Brown Street, and is built of brown Port- 
 land stone. The extreme length is 246 feet, breadth 122 feet, and area 3,334 
 yards. The contractors were Messrs. Robert Neill and Sons. 
 
 The Manchester Ratepayers' Association was inaugurated October 16. The 
 objects of the association were "to protect the ratepayers, and to use all legiti- 
 mate means to secure economy and efficiency in the conduct of municipal 
 and parochial affairs." 
 
 Mr. Henry M. Stanley, the celebrated African explorer, visited Manchester 
 during the week ending October 25. On the 21st he delivered an address on the 
 Congo trade to the members of the Chamber of Commerce, and on the 22nd, in 
 the Free Trade Hall, delivered another on geographical science, to the members 
 of the Manchester Athenaeum and of the new Manchester Geographical Society. 
 
 Mr. Robert Ramsbottom, the eminent pisciculturist, died, October 26, in 
 Manchester, at the house of his son, after two days' illness, the cause of death 
 being bronchitis. He had a world-wide reputation as an angler and piscicul- 
 turist. He wrote The Salmon and its Artificial Propagation. He was 74 
 years of age, and a native of Lower Darwen. He is buried at Clitheroe 
 Cemetery. 
 
 The Bradford-cum-Beswick Tollbar was removed October 31. 
 
 The first number of the Medical Chronicle, a Manchester monthly journal, 
 was published in October. 
 
 Mr. John F. Robinson, for some time the naturalist assistant to the curator 
 of the Owens College Museum, died at Frodsham, November 1. He was the 
 author of a book on British Bee Farming. 
 
 Mr. William Harrison, F.S.A., died at his residence, Rockmount, Kirk 
 German, Isle of Man, November 2. Mr. Harrison was the son of Mr. Isaac 
 Harrison, and was born at Green Bank, Salford, on December 11, 1802. Having 
 acquired a fortune in mercantile pursuits he retired in 1842 to the Isle of Man. 
 He was a member of the Old House of Keys from 1856 till its dissolution in 1867, 
 and was made a magistrate in 1872. He was one of the founders of the "Manx 
 Society," and edited fifteen of the thirty-one volumes issued by that body. 
 
 The twenty-fifth anniversary of the Manchester and Salford Co-operative 
 Society was celebrated by a tea party at Belle Vue, November 8, when ten 
 thousand persons were present. The principal speakers were Dean Oakley, 
 Sir E. W. Watkin, and Mr. Daniel Adamson. The foundation of the society is 
 recorded under date June 4, 1859. The total sales up to September 22, 1884, had 
 been £2,912,984. The Co-operative Hall, Downing Street, with branch stores 
 in Great Ancoats, Cheetham Hill, Chapel Street, Salford, Oldham Road, Chester 
 Road, Stretford Road, Gorton, Moss Lane West, Ashton New Road, Longsight, 
 Hyde Road, Higher Openshaw, Strangeways, Rochdale Road, Regent Road, 
 and Denmark Road had been opened. 
 
 A grand military bazaar was held in the St. James's Hall, during the week 
 ending November 15, in aid of the First Manchester Rifle Volunteers. 
 
 Miss Thackeray, a well-known Salford lady, died November 16, in her 
 eighty-fifth year.
 
 1884] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 409 
 
 Rev. William Knox died November 19. He was born at Canterbury, 
 December 8, 1818, and after some years spent as a land surveyor he became a 
 minister, first amongst the Wesleyans and then with the Congregationalists. 
 At the time of his death he was pastor of Chapel Street Chapel, Salford, and 
 Nonconformist chaplain of the Salford Cemetery. The evening before he died 
 he preached a funeral sermon for an aged member of the congregation, and on 
 giving out the hymn "Abide with me," mentioned that it was written after an 
 evening service and within a few hours of its author's death. Mr. Knox died 
 in like manner. He is buried in the Salford Cemetery. 
 
 Kay Howarth and H. H. Swindells were executed in Strangeways Gaol, 
 November 24, for the murder of Mr. R. Dugdale. 
 
 Miss Susanna Winkworth died November 25, at Clifton, Bristol. She was 
 the eldest daughter of the late Mr. Henry Winkworth, of Manchester. Her 
 name is well known in the literary world by her translations of Neibuhr's 
 Life and Letters, the Theologia Germanica of Dr. John Tauler, with 
 additional notices of his life and times, the continuation of the Life of Luth< /• 
 begun by Archdeacon Hare, and Professor Max Midler's beautiful little book 
 entitled German Love. She was in early life the pupil of the late Rev. W. 
 Gaskell and the Rev. Dr. Martineau, and in later life the friend of the Hares, 
 Maurice, Charles Kingsley, the Rev. Canon Percival, and more especially of 
 Baron Bunsen. Seeing her remarkable power of apprehending and rendering 
 into forcible Englsh the subtle workings of the German theological mind, 
 Bunsen entrusted to her the translation of his Signs of the Times and his God 
 in History. She was the elder sister of Catherine Winkworth, the author of 
 Lyra Germanica. Devoted from her earliest days to practical work among the 
 poor, and always aiming at methods which should help without pauperising, 
 she was among the first in Bristol to grapple with the problem which has lately 
 occupied so much public attention, the provision of wholesome dwellings for 
 the labouring classes in great cities. For some years she rented houses and let 
 them out in tenements, and afterwards formed the company which built the 
 well-known Jacob's Well industrial dwellings in a poor part of Bristol. Work- 
 ing on the lines which Miss Octavia Hill has made so familiar to the public, 
 she continued the management of this property to the time of her death. She 
 was a governor of the Red Maids' School in Bristol, and a member of the council 
 of Cheltenham Ladies' College. 
 
 Mr. John Goodier, registrar and superintendent of the Consolidated Stock 
 and Registered Bonds Department of the city of Manchester, died November ^(i, 
 aged 50 years. He was born and educated at Macclesfield, and entered the 
 employment of the Corporation of Manchester in January, 1851, when he \\ as 
 appointed a clerk in the Waterworks Office. Previous to that time he was in 
 the service of the old waterworks company, whose undertaking was purchased 
 by the Corporation. In August, 1854, he was transferred to the City Treasurer's 
 Department, where he became cashier ; and in September, 1876, he was placed 
 at the head of the newly-formed Consolidated Stock and Registered Bonds 
 Department. He wrote some letters under the pseudonym of "Statist," and 
 read a paper on "Municipal Finance" before the Manchester Statistical Society. 
 Mr. Samuel Robinson died at Wilmslow, December 8, at the age of ninety- 
 one. He was born at Manchester, and educated at Manchester New College,
 
 410 Annals of Manchester. [1884 
 
 and although almost throughout his life engaged in business pursuits, yet 
 obtained a high position in literature by his translations from the German and 
 Persian, which included Schiller's William Tell ; Schiller's Minor Poems ; 
 Specimens of the German Lyrics ; Persian Translations, in six volumes ; A 
 Century of Ghazels ; and Persian Poetry for English Readers. 
 
 Mr. George Bedson died at Bradford House, Manchester, December 12. He 
 was born at Sutton Coldfield, near Birmingham, and was brought up to the 
 iron trade, and left South Staffordshire for Warrington, and after some years 
 came to Manchester, where he was connected with Messrs. Johnson Brothers, 
 of the Bradford Ironworks, of which, to the very last, and for a period of over 
 thirty years, he was the technical manager. He greatly benefitted this estab. 
 lishment by the invention, among other matta s, of his patent continuous wire 
 rolling mill. This not only revolutionised the English wire mills but was 
 also successful in the United States, and has been to the advantage of all the 
 telegraphic companies of the world, as it enabled them to obtain wire in 
 exceedingly long lengths, without the troublesome joints which were formerly 
 necessary. Mr. Bedson was an advanced Liberal. He was a member 
 of the Bradford Local Board, of which he was for some time chairman. He was 
 buried in the churchyard at Marple. 
 
 Mr. George Webster Napier died at Merchistown, Alderley Edge, December 
 13. He was an enthusiastic bookseller, and was born at Manchester in 
 January, 1825. He read before the Manchester Literary Club, in February, 
 1879, a paper on the authorship of Imitatio Christi, and in favour of the claims 
 of Gerson. He exhibited at the same time his valuable collection of the 
 editions of the work, including the E. P. printed at Augsburg about 1471. Mr. 
 Napier was buried at Alderley. His valuable library was sold by auction. 
 
 Mr. Henry Beecroft Jackson died at his residence, Basford House, Old 
 Trafford, December 20. He was born at Etruria, in Staffordshire, December 2G> 
 1810. At fourteen years of age he came to Manchester, and remained in the 
 service of his uncle, Mr. Jonathan Jackson twelve years. Subsequently 
 he accepted an engagement with Mr. W. Crossley, York Street, ship- 
 ping merchant, and upon Mr. Crossley's death became sole proprietor 
 of the business, in which he acquired a fortune. Though baptised 
 and brought up in the Church of England, after he had been in Man- 
 chester several years, finding some of his warmest friends in that connexion, 
 he became a Wesleyan Methodist, [but left that body after the expulsion of 
 Messrs. Everett, Dunn, and Griffiths, and again attached himself to the Church 
 of England. He was one of the first members of the board of finance of this 
 diocese, and for several years one of the vice-presidents of the Manchester 
 Diocesan Church Building Society. He was also a trustee of St. Paul's Church, 
 Hulme, an earnest member of the committee of the Manchester City Mission, 
 took a deep interest in the Young Men's Christian Association ; was formerly 
 a deputy treasurer, and latterly a member of the board of management of the 
 Manchester Royal Infirmary, and a member of the committee oi management 
 of the Royal Lunatic Asylum at Cheadle. He was a friend of education- and 
 for five years, 1873-74 to 1878-79, placed £250 annually at the disposal of the 
 council of the Owens College for the promotion of evening classes. He also gave 
 a donation of £1,000 to the extension scheme of the Owens College. He took an
 
 1885] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 411 
 
 active part in promoting the candidature of Mr. Mitchell Henry for the repre- 
 sentation of this city in the elc jtions of 1867 and 186S, being chairman of Mr. 
 Mitchell Henry's committee. Since then, and in consequence of his attitude on 
 t hose occasions, Mr. Jackson had been asked to become a candidate for Man- 
 chester ; he had also been asked to stand for his native county, but declined 
 both invitations. He is buried at St. Paul's, Kersal. 
 
 The order of lay deacons was first put into force in the diocese of Man- 
 chester on December 21. The nature of the order is that those ordained to it 
 perform, without pay, most of the usual clerical duties, and are allowed at the 
 same time to carry on their secular callings. 
 
 The Comedy Theatre, in Peter Street, was opened on December 22. The 
 building, which is of Italian Gothic style, was erected and furnished at a cost 
 of £15,000, and has accomodation for two thousand persons. 
 
 The sixty-seventh annual meeting in connection wiih the Manchester and 
 Salford Savings Bank was held on December 23, the Bishop of Manchester 
 presiding. The following table shows the gradual increase of the business of 
 the bank since its establishment in 1818 :— 
 
 At November 20. No. of Depositors. Balance due to Depositors. 
 
 1818 446 £4,618 14 51 
 
 1823 2,195 68,343 3 5 
 
 1833 7,479 217,497 16 9\ 
 
 1313 17,866 488,824 19 2 
 
 1853 24,731 857,963 4 1 
 
 1863 48,795 1,287,132 13 1 
 
 1873 52,702 1,455,606 17 9 
 
 1883 67,665 2,058,369 17 8 
 
 1884 70,883 2,236,530 9 8 
 
 The corn mills of Messrs. H. Bender and Co., Stanley Street, Salford, took 
 fire on December 26. The damage was estimated at from £15,000 to £20,000. 
 
 Mrs. Charles Leigh Clare died in December. She bequeathed £10,000 to the 
 Boys and Girls' Homes, and smaller sums to various other local charities. 
 
 1885. 
 
 Mr. Val Prinsep distributed the prizes to the students of the Manchester 
 School of Art. January 6. 
 
 A case came before the Manchester Police Court, which involved the 
 question of the charges made by the Corporation for the services of the Fire 
 Brigade. The stipendiary magistrate decided that the claim was excessive, 
 and reduced it from £31 to £4 10s. This was a test case. January 9. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Noble, M.D., an eminent physician, died at his residence, 
 Oxford Road, January 12. He was born at Preston on the 1st of January, 1810, 
 and in 1834 began a successful career in Manchester. He was an M.D. of St. 
 Andrews 1853, an F.R.C.P.Lond. 1859, and in 1860 received from St. Andrew's 
 University the degree of Honorary M.A. During the typhus epidemic of 1847 
 he placed the city under great obligations to him for the energy with \\ Inch he 
 endeavoured to suppress the growth of that fever. In 1859 he was appointed a 
 magistrate for Lancashire. He wrote numerous works, including The Brain 
 and its Physiology, The Human Mind in its Relations with the Brain and
 
 412 Annals of Manchester. [1835 
 
 the Nervous System, and The Epidemic Fever of lSJpt. He was offered, but 
 declined, the position of J. P. He was buried at the Salford Cemetery. 
 
 Hon. T. H. W. Pelham, a commissioner, and Captain M. W. Skinner, an 
 assistant-commissioner, under the Redistribution of Seats Bill, held an inquiry 
 at the Manchester Town Hall as to the proposed boundaries of the six divisions 
 of the Parliamentary borough. January 13. 
 
 Hon. T. H. W. Pelham and Captain Skinner held an inquiry at the Salford 
 Town Hall respecting the three divisions of the Parliamentary borough. 
 January 14. 
 
 The library of the late Dr. R. Angus Smith was presented to the Owens 
 College, January 15. 
 
 A meeting of the trustees of Manchester New College was held at the 
 Memorial Hall, when the retirement of Dr. Martineau was announced, 
 January 15. 
 
 Mr. Robert Barbour died at Bolesworth Castle, January 17, in his 88th 
 year. He was a native of Renfrewshire, but came to Manchester in 1815, and 
 was one of the group of Scotchmen who built the first Scotch Presbyterian 
 Church in St. Peter's Square. He amassed a large fortune in the Manchester 
 trade, and was a liberal contributor to charitable and ecclesiastical purposes. 
 On one occasion he gave £12,000 for the foundation of a professorship in the 
 Presbyterian College in London. 
 
 The Earl of Wilton died at Egerton Lodge, Melton Mowbray, January 19. 
 He was born 25th November, 1833, and was educated at Eton and Oxford. 
 After a brief service he retired from the army, but took a warm interest in the 
 volunteer movement. He was in the House of Commons, but after his defeat 
 at Bath he was called to the House of Lords by the style of Baron Grey de 
 Redcliffe. He married, in 1855, Lady Elizabeth Craven, who survived him. 
 He was buried at Prestwich Church. 
 
 Mr. Henry Franks died, Sunday, January 25. He was a man of great 
 -ability but erratic conduct. He contributed to many of the local periodicals, 
 but his best work is to be found in the Papers of the Manchester Literary Club, 
 in which appeared essays on " The Waste of Intellect among' the Jews," &c. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Hornby Birley, J.P., died at Seedley Castle, Pendleton, 
 January 26. He was born at Didsbury, 11th May, 1815, and was the senior 
 partner in the firm of Messrs. Charles Macintosh and Co. He took an active 
 interest in charitable organisations and in the work of the Church of England. 
 He declined a baronetcy offered by Lord Beaconsfield. 
 
 The first meeting of the Manchester Geographical Society was held at the 
 Athenaeum, .January 27. Mr. J. F. Hutton presided, and Lord Aberdare was 
 present as the representative of the Royal Geographical Society. 
 
 The result of the poll on the City Extension Bill was declared. There were 
 25,657 votes for and 1,301 against. January 27. 
 
 Mr. Tom Nash, M.A., barrister, died by his own hand, January 28, aged 40 
 years. He was educated at the Manchester Grammar School and at Balliol 
 College, Oxford. After taking his degrees he spent some time as .tutor a 
 Oxford, and at Rossall College, near Fleetwood. He there began to read for the 
 bar, and became a contributor to the Echo and other papers. He was called to 
 the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1872, joined the Northern Circuit, and obtained an
 
 i885j Annals of Manchester. 413 
 
 extensive practice in Manchester. He took an active interest in politics, and 
 wrote a series of letters on political subjects under the name of "Tom Palatine." 
 He was also the author of A Long Love and other Tales, published in 1881. 
 He was selected as the Conservative candidate for the representation of Stock- 
 port, but withdrew his candidature on removing to London in 18S2. 
 
 Mr. John Curtis, better known by his theatrical name of John Curtis 
 Cowper, died at his residence, Barnes, Surrey, January 30. He was born in 
 1S25, at Port Street, Manchester, where his father was a painter, decorator, and 
 builder. He was an early member of the Manchester Athenceum, and at one 
 time a very active director. In 1846 he married a daughter of Mr. William 
 Carruthers, of Carruthers and Co., cotton spinners, Ancoats, and was one of a 
 circle of young men which included Hepworth Dixon, Sir John Holker, John 
 Ashton Nicholls, and W. Romaine Callender, M.P. When the Manchester 
 Shaksperean Society was formed Curtis joined it and played in several 
 amateur performances. His theatrical tastes did not harmonise with his 
 business avocations— he was in the wholesale and retail American provision 
 trade— and in 1856 he went upon the stage in a professional capacity. In 
 this new line of life he acquired a high and well-deserved reputation, especially 
 in what are termed character parts. 
 
 At a meeting of Irishmen in the Free Trade Hall, February 1, Mr. John 
 O'Leary vigorously denounced the Irish dynamiters, in spite of some expres- 
 sions of sympathy for them amongst his audience. 
 
 A largely-attended meeting of Roman Catholics was held in the New 
 Islington Hall, Ancoats, February 3, in support of the Catholic Voluntary 
 School Association. The object of the association was to obtain the removal 
 of grievances to which it was considered Catholic schools were subjected as 
 compared with Board schools. Addresses on the subject were delivered by 
 Canon Liptrott, who presided, and several of the clergy, and resolutions In 
 accordance with the purpose of the meeting were unanimously passed. 
 
 A conference was held at the Manchester Town Hall on railway rates and 
 charges. Twenty-six corporations of Lancashire and Cheshire were repre- 
 sented. Alderman J. J. Harwood, Mayor of Manchester, presided. Feb. 10. 
 
 Rev. Capel Wolseley died at Southport, February 10. He was the rector of 
 Sacred Trinity, Salford. Mr. Wolseley, who was born at Glenarm, October 10,. 
 1S14, was first cousin to Lord Wolseley. 
 
 A bust of Dr. John Watts was presented to the Manchester Reform Club, 
 February 17. 
 
 The Earl of Dunraven delivered an address, at the Hulme Town Hall, on 
 " The Depression of Trade," February 17. 
 
 Mr. Gilbert Yorston died at Urmston, February 22, aged 68 years. He was 
 at one time a member of the Salford Town Council, and was for a series of 
 years chairman of the Board of Guardians. 
 
 Mr. Matthew Bateson Wood, solicitor, died at Fallowfield, February 22,. 
 aged 62 years. He was a native of Liverpool, where his father, a Wesleyan 
 minister, was stationed at the time < f his birth. Mr. Wood was educated at 
 the Grammar School, and had a successful professional career. He gave much 
 time to the work of the medical charities, and was the originator of the 
 Concerts for Workpeople. He was also president of the Manchester Chess
 
 41 -i Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1885 
 
 Club. He is buried at Birch Church. His eldest sister, Mrs. Mary Ann Everett 
 Green, has earned a high reputation for her historical researches. 
 
 At a meeting of the Manchester School Board, February 23, a letter from 
 Mr. James Croston was read announcing his resignation. This having been 
 accepted, Mr. George Milner, the Rev. John Henn, and the Rev. Joseph Nunn 
 successively rose to announce their resignations. Mr. Nunn did not subse- 
 quently persevere in his withdrawal. 
 
 A meeting of owners and ratepayers of Bradford was held, February 23, to 
 consider the proposed amalgamation with Manchester. The resolution in 
 favour was carried by 55 to 38 hands. 
 
 Alderman Thomas Steven Muirhead died at Prestwich, February 24, aged 
 58 years. He was a native of Edinburgh, where he was born in 1827. He had 
 been a member of the Manchester Corporation since 1867. 
 
 The Welshmen residing in Manchester celebrated St. David's Day on 
 February 28 by dining together at the Queen's Hotel. Mr. Osborne Morgan, 
 Q.C., M.P., presided. 
 
 A meeting of owners and ratepayers of Newton Heath respecting incorpor- 
 ation with Manchester was held on March 6, when a vote was passed in favour 
 of amalgamation. 
 
 Major Frank Ashton died at Twickenham, March 7, aged 63 years. He was 
 born at Manchester, June 12, 1S20. He was mayor of Salford, 1851-3. His 
 interest in the volunteer movement led to his appointment, in 1859, as the first 
 captain of the Sixth Lancashire (First Manchester) Rifle Volunteers, of which 
 he was afterwards Major. 
 
 Rev. James White, M.A., died at Sloley House, Scotton, Norfolk, on 
 March 9, in the 97th year of his age. He was the youngest brother of Henry 
 Kirke White, and in 1827 was licensed to the Church of St. George's-in-the- 
 Fields, Oldham Road. He left Manchester in the summer of 1841. 
 
 The inquiry into the merits of the amended Ship Canal scheme was 
 commenced by a Select Committee of the House of Lords, March 12. 
 
 Sir Thomas Bazley, Bart., died at Lytham, March 17, aged 87 years. He 
 was born at Gilnow, near Bolton, and educated at the Bolton Grammar School. 
 In the commercial world he was well known as the proprietor of factories for 
 the spinning of fine cotton and lace thread. In connection with his public 
 career it may be mentioned that he was formerly boroughreeve for Salford, and 
 at one time a member of the Manchester Town Council. In 1845 he was elected 
 president of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce. He was one of the royal 
 commissioners of the Great Exhibition of 1851. In 1858 he was elected M.P. for 
 Manchester ; this honour was repeated at the general elections in the years 1859 
 1865, 1868, and 1S74. In 1869 he was created a baronet for his public services. 
 He is buried at St. John's, Deansgate. 
 
 At a meeting held March 17 in the Mayor's Parlour at the Manchester 
 Town Hall, Mr. Ben Brierley was presented with a testimonial to mark the 
 esteem in which his life and writings are held in Lancashire and elsewhere. 
 The testimonial consisted of a cheque for £650 (contained in an old stocking), 
 and it was handed to Mr. Brierley by the Mayor. Mr. Brierley, in returning 
 thanks, gave some interesting details of his literary career. 
 
 A Local Government Board inquiry was held at the Town Hall, respecting a
 
 1885] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 41 i 
 
 proposed provisional order to alter or amend certain powers of the Corporation. 
 March 25. 
 
 A poll was taken in Newton Heath on proposed amalgamation with 
 Manchester, March 25. The votes for amalgamation, 845; against, 1,227 
 majority against, 382. 
 
 Professor Morrison Watson, M.D., F.R.S., died March 25, aged 39. He was 
 born at Montrose, and graduated at Edinburgh in 18G7. In 1874 he was appointed 
 Professor of Anatomy at the Owens College, and at the time of his death was 
 dean of the medical department. He was the author of numerous contributions 
 to scientific societies and journals. His most important work was a report on 
 the Anatomy of Spheniscidce, forming the seventh volume of the Reports of 
 the Challenger Expedition. 
 
 Mr. A. J. Balfour, MP., delivered an address March 25 before the members 
 of the Debating Society of the Manchester Athenasum on the subject of 
 " Politics and Political Economy," 
 
 Mr. George Candelet died at Cheadle Hulme, March 30. He was secretary 
 of the Manchester Licensed Victuallers' Association, and Parliamentary agent 
 of the Licensed Victuallers' Defence League. A national testimonial showed 
 the value which the trade placed upon his services as their recognised champion* 
 He is buried at All Saints', Cheadle Hulme. 
 
 A poll was taken in Rusholme with respect to the incorporation of that 
 district with Manchester, March 31. The votes for incorporation were 896 ; 
 against, 465 ; majority, 431. 
 
 The National Reform Union held its annual meeting April 1. In the even- 
 ing there was a public meeting at the Free Trade Hall, at which the principal 
 speaker was the Earl of Rosebery. 
 
 Mr. James Whitehead, M.D., died at his house, Fairlands, Sutton, Surrey, 
 in his seventy-fourth year. He was a native of Oldham, but was long resident in 
 Manchester. After studying in this city he gained experience in the hospitals 
 of London and Paris. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, 
 Eng., 1845; M.D. St. And., 1850; and M.R.C.P.Lon., 1859; and was a member 
 of various learned societies, both British and foreign. He was lecturer on 
 Obstetrics at the Royal School of Medicine, Manchester, before its union with 
 the Owens College, and some years ago held the position of senior officer in 
 ordinary at St. Mary's Hospital, and also that of demonstrator of anatomy. 
 Amongst his published works are Diseases of the Uterine System, Hereditary 
 Diseases, The Wife's Domain, The Rate of Mortality in Manchester, &c. He 
 contributed various papers to the medical journals, including those on 
 "Division of Muscles in Spinal Distortion," and "A Case of Caesarian Opera- 
 tion," which appeared in the Medical Gazette in 1810-41. Dr. Whitehead was a 
 founder, in conjunction with the late Dr. A. Schoeff-Merei, of the .Manchester 
 Clinical Hospital. He is buried at Ardwick Cemetery. 
 
 Mr. T. H. Drew died suddenly April 7. He was seized with illness, 
 supposed to be heart disease, while walking near the Royal Infirmar\ . and died 
 shortly afterwards. Mr. Drew took a prominent part some years ago in 
 the agitation against the alteration made by Dean Cowie in the Cathedral 
 services, and was for several years junior churchwarden. 
 
 Rev. Edmund Martin Geldart, M.A., disappeared from the tidal boat from
 
 416 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1886 
 
 Newhaven to Dieppe, April 10. Although born in Holloway, his childhood and 
 youth were passed in Manchester, where his father was the secretary of the 
 City Mission. He was educated at the Grammar School, and took orders in 
 the Anglican Church, but afterwards joined the Unitarian denomination, and 
 was minister of the East Croydon Church, where his views on Socialism led to 
 his resignation. This is said to have preyed upon his mind. He wrote a clever 
 book of autobiography, entitled A Son of Belial, and several works relating to 
 the language and literature of Modern Greece, on which he was an acknow- 
 ledged authority. When a youth at the Grammar School he was the editor of 
 the Weekly Entomologist, which was printed at Bowdon. 
 
 Mr. Smith Phillips Robinson died at Bank Place, Salford, April 12, in his 
 77th year. He was the honorary secretary of the Anti-Corn Law League, and 
 in that position showed remarkable powers of organisation. He withdrew 
 from public life>fter the elections of 1857, and largely, it is believed, in conse- 
 quence of the attacks then levelled against him. He is buried at Stand 
 Unitarian Church. 
 
 Mr. John Stordy died, April 13, aged upwards of 70 years. He had been a 
 member of the Chorlton Board of Guardians since 1866, and in 1883 was elected 
 chairman. He is buried at St. Luke's, Cheetham. 
 
 A conference was held in the Manchester Town Hall, under the presidency 
 of Lord Aberdare, to consider the subject of elementary education under 
 healthy conditions, April 14, 15, and 16. The papers and proceedings were 
 published in book form. 
 
 The Select Committee of the House of Lords on the Ship Canal Bill came 
 to a decision, April 15, on the engineering evidence. At the close of Mr. 
 Pember's address, in which he asked their lordships to come to the conclusion 
 that the engineering objections to the bill had failed, the Committee consulted 
 vn private, and then announced that they had decided to allow the bill to 
 proceed. 
 
 The Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain received, at the Board of Trade, a 
 deputation from che Manchester Chamber of Commerce on the subject of trade 
 marks, particularly as regards the cotton trade, April 16. They complained 
 Hiat the working of the Manchester office under the new conditions had been 
 unsatisfactory, and asked that all applications prior to registration should be 
 tally dealt with in Manchester. 
 
 The Earl of Carnarvon visited the Manchester Conservative Club, April 16, 
 and there delivered a speech. 
 
 At the Manchester Assizes, April 18, the Grand Jury, in the course of the 
 day, made a presentment with regard to the accommodation at the Assize 
 Courts for prisoners awaiting trial. They suggested that the whole of the 
 questions raised in the charge of Mr. Justice Wills, which related both to the 
 nature of the accommodation and the mode in which it had been used, should 
 be made a subject of special inquiry at the Quarter Sessions. 
 
 A conference of representatives of working men's clubs, trade unions, 
 co-operative societies, and others was held at the Owens College, April 18, 
 under the auspices of the Manchester and Salford Working Men's Club Asso- 
 ciation, to consider the arrangements made by the council of the association 
 for extending its scheme of lectures to the working classes next winter, some-
 
 1885] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 417 
 
 what on the lines of the London Social and Political Education League. About 
 300 delegates were in attendance. Mr. Goschen, M.P., delivered an 
 address. 
 
 The American papers recorded the death, on April 19, by suicide, of Dr. 
 David Stern, a well-known preacher and writer of the "reformed" branch of 
 the Jewish Church. Dr. Stern was a native of Manchester, but was chiefly 
 educated in Poland. About 1873 he went to the United States, where he 
 acquired the character of a hard student, but was regarded as somewhat vacil- 
 lating and uncertain. His views became more and more "radical," so that he 
 was looked upon as drifting to agnosticism. He went to the Southern States, 
 but only to raise up enemies. Afterwards he stayed for a time at Peoria, 
 Illinois, and then at St. Louis, where he edited the Jewish Tribune and started 
 a series of Sunday lectures. Both the paper and the lectures were continued 
 at Wilkesbarre, where he preached for four or five years, but eventually he 
 gave up the pastorate there in consequence of his broadening views. He also 
 for a time lectured on alternate Sundays in the Reformed Jewish Church of 
 Philadelphia. A similar experiment in New York, although it attracted a 
 considerable share of attention, was not permanently successful. On the 18th 
 of April he arrived at the Wyoming Valley Hotel from Philadelphia, and 
 before going to bed chatted pleasantly with the night clerk. Next morning, at 
 ten o'clock, the chamber-maid found his door locked, and she heard groans. 
 The clerk was called and broke the door open, and found Dr. Stern lying on 
 the bed, apparently lifeless. Two empty vials and a third half empty stood on 
 a table near by. They were labelled laudanum. Physicians were hastily 
 summoned, but their efforts were fruitless, and he died at 9-10 a.m. the next 
 morning. 
 
 Mr. Holt S. Hallett addressed a meeting of the Manchester Chamber of 
 Commerce, April 21, on the commercial opportunities offered by the Shan 
 States, which he has recently been exploring. 
 
 Mr. James Curtis Emerson, for many years manager of the Queen's 
 Theatre, was entertained to dinner at the Queen's Hotel on his retirement, in 
 consequence of the expiration of the lease. Mr. J. W. Maclure presided. 
 April 23. 
 
 The application of the Manchester Corporation to insert in the City 
 Extension Bill an additional provision to incorporate the district of Rusholme 
 was opposed before the Standing Orders Committee of the House of Lords by 
 the Withington Local Board. The Committee decided to allow the bill to pro- 
 ceed with the additional provision. April 28. 
 
 The Souih Manchester Gazette was established in April. 
 Professor C. M. Woodward, Principal of the Manual Training School at St. 
 Louis, gave an address at the Technical School on " Manual Training," as a 
 part of national education. May 1. 
 
 The Select Committee of the House of Lords on the Manchester City 
 Extension Bill decided to exempt Newton Heath from the operation of the 
 measure, May 4. 
 
 The Ship Canal Bill passed tin' House of Lords Committee, after an inquiry 
 which had lasted thirty days, May 7. 
 
 Mr. George Walker, J.P., merchant, died at Llanrhos, aged 7(5. He was 
 
 Bl
 
 418 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1885 
 
 a native of Derbyshire, but came at an early age to Manchester, where he 
 made a fortune. 
 
 Mr. Thomas William Tatton, of Wythenshaw Hall, died, aged 68. 
 
 The Manchester Ship Canal Bill was read a third time and passed in the 
 House of Lords. May 12. 
 
 Colonel Bridgford, of the First Manchester Rifle Volunteers, was gazetted 
 a Companion of the Order of the Bath. May 12. 
 
 Signor Michele Alessio Raspi, the celebrated bassoon player, died at his 
 house in Moss Side, May 14. Signor Raspi's last engagement was with Herr 
 Richter. He was born at Asti, in Piedmont, July 16, 1813. His first important 
 engagement was, in 1843, as principal bassoon player in the Royal Chapel and 
 Chamber, at Turin, of King Carlo Alberto, a position which could only be 
 obtained by a severe competitive examination. During his residence in Turin 
 he enjoyed the friendship of both King Carlo Alberto and of his son, King 
 Victor Emmanuel. Previously to coming to England he passed two or three 
 years in Paris, where he had the honour of playing in private to Rossini, who 
 so much admired his execution that he gave him a warm recommendation to 
 the late Sir Michael Costa. Arrived in London, he was engaged as principal 
 bassoon player at Her Majesty's Theatre and at most of the leading Metropolitan 
 concerts, a position which he occupied for some years. In 1857 he came to 
 Manchester with Mr. Charles Halle, and from that period until the close of the 
 season of 1883 was principal bassoon player in Mr. Halle" s band. During 
 the last two seasons he had filled the same position in Mr. De Jong's band. He 
 is buried at the Southern Cemetery. 
 
 Mr. Sigismund J. Stern, J.P., died at his residence, East Grove, Little 
 Barnet, Hertfordshire, May 15. He was a son of Mr. James Stern, of Frankfort- 
 on-the-Maine, where he was born in 1807, and came to Manchester about 1830. 
 He was shortly admitted a partner, on the firm he represented becoming Messrs. 
 Leo Schuster Brothers and Co. This position he held for nearly half a century. 
 He was one of the first members of the Council of the Cotton Relief Fund, one 
 of the first promoters of the now historical Art Treasures Exhibition at Old 
 Trafford in 1857, being, with Sir T. Fairbairn, Sir J. Heron, Mr. Thomas Ashton, 
 Mr. William Entwisle, and Mr. Edmund Potter, a member of the executive 
 committee, and a very liberal donor to the guarantee fund. 
 
 The police made a raid on the Betting Clubs in Manchester, May 20. There 
 was a second raid on May 22. 
 
 Mr. James Hall, of St. Mary's Gate, died May 24, aged 67 years. He was 
 well-known as an active Freemason. He is buried in the Salford Cemetery. 
 
 The annual procession of Church Sunday Schools took place on Whit- 
 Monday, May 25, when the number of children was computed at 23,082. 
 
 Over five thousand persons visited the Art Gallery, in Mosley Street, on 
 May 25, between ten a.m. and six p.m. 
 
 Mr. John Thorburn, M.D., died May 26. He was born at Huddersfield in 
 1834, but whilst still a boy his parents came to Manchester. He was educated 
 at the High School and University of Edinburgh. Afrer graduating in 1855 — 
 his thesis was Surgical Feiier—he acted as resident at the Edinburgh Hospital 
 and at Brompton, but in 1858 settled in Manchester, where he became connected 
 with the Chorlton-upon-Medlock Dispensary and the Clinical Hospital. In 1866
 
 1885] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 419 
 
 he was appointed physician to the Southern Hospital and lecturer on obstetrics 
 in the Royal School of Medicine, which afterwards became the Medical Depart- 
 ment of the Owens College with Dr. Thorburn as a professor, as well as of the 
 Victoria University. In 1873 he became obstetric physician to the Royal 
 Infirmary. He took an active part in the work of the medical societies, and 
 was a member of the College of Physicians, at the beginning of May he was 
 elected fellow, but had not been admitted, His Practical Treatise on the 
 Diseases of Women was issued just before his death. He married, in 1860, 
 the daughter of his father's partner, Mr. John Anderson. His eldest son, Dr. 
 William Thorburn, had just completed a brilliant university career at the time 
 of his father's death. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Sidebotham, J.P., F.R.A.S., F.S.A., died at Bowdon, May 30, 
 aged 02 years. After a successful career as a calico printer, he retired in 1877 
 and devoted himself to those scientific pursuits which had previously occupied 
 his leisure. He was the author of several astronomical memoirs, and was for 
 years an active member of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical 
 Society. 
 
 The trial of the men arrested at the betting clubs was begun, June 2, at the 
 City Police Court. 
 
 A conference of representatives of Miners' Permanent Relief Societies was 
 held in Manchester, June 2, to consider a proposal of the committee of the 
 Hartley Relief Fund (Northumberland) to make their surplus fund of over 
 £20,000 the groundwork of a national fund. A committee was appointed to 
 confer with the Hartley committee, and to prepare a scheme for the distribution 
 of the accruing interest of such a national fund with a view to aid the different 
 permanent societies. 
 
 A Conservative demonstration was held at the Ardwick Conservative Club, 
 June 3, under the presidency of Mr. S. Chesters-Thompson, at which were 
 present amongst others Lord F. Hamilton, Mr. W. H. Houldsworth, M.P., and 
 Mr. A. J. Balfour, M.P. 
 
 At a meeting of the Manchester City Council, June 3, the mayor (Alderman 
 Harwood) presiding, a discussion took place with reference to the salary of Sir 
 Joseph Heron, the town clerk, Alderman Heywood moving that his proposal 
 t ) surrender £500 per annum be approved. He stated that in 1877 Sir Joseph 
 Heron was, by a resolution of the council, appointed at a salary of £2,500 per 
 annum, which he was then receiving, consulting town clerk, on the under- 
 standing that he would retain the office and continue to discharge the formal 
 duties of the town clerk until other and final arrangemenl s were made by the 
 council. To Alderman lleywood's resolution an amendment was moved by 
 Alderman Walton Smith, to the effect that the matter be referred back to the 
 committee, with an expression of the opinion of the council that the amount to 
 be paid to the town clerk should not exceed £1,500 per annum. On a division 
 the amendment was approved by 32 to 15. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Salford Town Council, June 3, a resolution was 
 passed unanimously authorising the Watch Committee to frame bye-laws with 
 a view of preventing " the cries of persons vending newspapers or other 
 Articles in the streets, especially on the Lord's Day.'" 
 
 Several more cases arising out of the raids by the Manchester police on
 
 420 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1885 
 
 local betting clubs were disposed of by the stipendiary magistrate at the City 
 Police Court, June 3. 
 
 At the City Police Court, June 4, Mr. Headlam heard more charges under the 
 Betting Houses Act against a large number of persons connected with 15 out 
 of the 23 clubs upon which simultaneous raids were made by the police a fort- 
 night ago. There were convictions in connection with every club, and 
 numerous fines were imposed, the total fines and extra costs amounting to 
 nearly £1,000. 
 
 The Manchester City Extension Bill came before the Examiner of Private 
 Bills in the House of Commons, June 4, and on the ground that certain notices 
 were lodged behind time it failed to comply with the standing orders. The 
 Bill was accordingly remitted to the standing orders committee. 
 
 The Manchester Ship Canal Bill was read a second time in the House of 
 Commons. June 4. 
 
 Hon. Auberon Herbert delivered an address in the Co-operative Hall, 
 Downing Street, on " The Widest Possible Liberty," on Sunday, June 7. 
 
 At the City Police Court, June 8, the stipendiary had before him twenty- 
 four persons who were arrested in the "raid" on betting clubs in this city. 
 The defendants were members of the Ellesmere Club, and the case was 
 adjourned to June 9, when they were committed to the Manchester Assizes. 
 
 The twenty-second annual meeting of the Gas Institute of Great Britain 
 was opened in Manchester, June 9, under the presidency of Mr. Thomas New- 
 bigging, C.E. In the absence of the Mayor of Manchester, the members had a 
 few words of welcome addressed to them by Mr. Alderman Bailey. The read- 
 ing and discussion of papers on subjects pertaining to the gas industry was 
 afterwards proceeded with. The meeting extended over four days. 
 
 The city stipendiary, on June 9, reduced a charge made by the Manchester 
 Corporation for the services of the Eire Brigade at a fire which occurred in 
 May, 1884, on premises in Bridgewater Place, High Street, from £73 10s. to 
 £26 10s. Mr. Headlam was of opinion that the higher sum, arrived at by a 
 percentage scale based upon the value of the property endangered by the fire, 
 was an unreasonable demand, and he fixed the amount to be paid in accordance 
 with the time scale drawn up after the passing of the Improvement Act of 
 1866. In another case, relating to a fire in Fennel Street, he regarded the 
 sum charged by the Corporation, £25 10s., as not unreasonable, and therefore 
 did not interfere with it. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Bond died June 11, at Chorlton-on Medlock. About three 
 weeks before his death he was struck down by paralysis. From this attack he 
 never rallied, and he died at the age of 77. He had been a prominent figure 
 amongst Manchester Liberals for many years. Along with Mr. Hicks, of 
 Leeds, the late Mr. George Wilson, and others, he assisted in forming the 
 National Reform Union. The Union and Emancipation Society was started at 
 his house, and under his auspices all the elaborate arrangements were made 
 for the first Free Trade Hall meeting, which led to the formation of the society. 
 Mr. Bond was an enthusiastic temperance reformer, a teetotaller of forty-eight 
 years' standing, and one of the earliest members of the United Kingdom 
 Alliance. He was the son of a Reformer who suffered for his principles during 
 the troubled political times of 1819, being one of seven ratepayers who signed a 

 
 IS85] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 42] 
 
 requisition to the boroughreeve praying him to call a meeting to petition Par- 
 liament to repeal the corn laws. He is buried at Rusholme Road Cemetery. 
 
 Mr. H. H. Johnston, the well-known African traveller, delivered an 
 address to the members of the Manchester Geographical Society upon the Com- 
 merce of the East Coast of Africa, June 12. 
 
 The golden jubilee of the Right Rev. Monsignor Croskell, D.D., Domestic 
 Prelate to His Holiness Leo XIII., Provost of the Cathedral Chapter and Vicar 
 General of the Diocese of Salford, was celebrated June 15 at St. John's 
 Cathedral, Salford. 
 
 The eighty-ninth annual conference of the Methodist New Connexion com- 
 menced June 15 in the Salem Chapel, Strangeways. The Rev. A. McCurdy (the 
 chapel fund secretary) was elected president. The annual missionary meeting 
 •of the denomination was held at the Free Trade Hall in the evening, under the 
 chairmanship of the Mayor of Manchester (Mr. Alderman J. J. Harwood). 
 
 By an explosion at the Clifton Hall Colliery, Pendleton, 17G lives were lost. 
 June 18. 
 
 At a conversazione given on June 26, by the Mayor and Mayoress of Man- 
 chester, at the Town Hall, a number of addresses were presented to Colonel 
 A. D. Shaw, United States Consul, from the various Christian and philanthropic 
 institutions in the city and neighbourhood, in whose work he has taken a deep 
 interest and an active part during his residence in Manchester. 
 
 48 and 49 Victoria, cap. 72. Act for extending the time for completing 
 certain of the tramways of the Manchester, Bury, Rochdale, and Oldham 
 Steam Tramways Compan3\ July 16. 
 
 18 and 49 Victoria, cap. 107. Act to confirm certain provisional orders of 
 the Local Government Board relative to the . . . City of Manchester . . . 
 July 22. 
 
 4S and 49 Victoria, cap. 126. Act to extend the boundaries of the city of 
 Manchester, and for other purposes. July 22. 
 
 The Pendleton Public Baths opened by the Mayor of Salforrl, July 24. 
 
 Mr. Henry Arthur Forsyth, senior partner in the firm of Messrs. Forsyth 
 Brothers, music sellers, died July 23. For at least three generations — in fact 
 since the origin of the firm — a member of Mr. Forsyth's family had been 
 intimately connected with Messrs. John Broadwood and Sons, the pianoforte 
 makers. Previous to settling in Manchester Mr. Forsyth himself had been an 
 active manager for Messrs. Broadwood. Following his younger brother (Mr. 
 James Forsyth), who had come to Manchester at the instance of Mr. Charles 
 Halle, the deceased, about the time of the Art Treasures Exhibition, commenced 
 business with his brother as music sellers in St. Ann Street, Deans-ate. 
 Shortly afterwards they became agents of Mr. Charles Halle's concerts. Mr. 
 Forsyth is buried at Brooklands. 
 
 A town's meeting was held July 27, at the Manchester Town Hall, under the 
 presidency of the Mayor (Mr. Alderman Harwood), " for the purpose of giving 
 expression to the views of the citizens upon the necessity of more effectual 
 measures for the protection of women and girls.'' 
 
 A public inquiry was held before .Mi-. Richard Smith, special commissioner, 
 respecting the boundaries of the new wards added to the city. July 31, 
 
 The Royal Assent was given to the Manchester Ship Canal Bill, August 6.
 
 422 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1885 
 
 Mr. William Gough Birchby died August 10. He was born in 1850, and 
 ■was educated under the care of the Rev. Thomas Mackereth, whom he 
 succeeded as head-master of the New Jerusalem Schools, Irwell Street, Salford. 
 He was a successful teacher, and devoted much of his leisure to scientific pur- 
 suits, and was a Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society. Mr. Birchby was 
 a Swedenborgian, and occasionally supplied the pulpit of the New Jerusalem 
 Church at Worsley, Wigan, and other places. He was the honorary secretary 
 of the Vegetarian Society. Mr. Birchby, who had been in failing health for 
 some time, died at Eskdale, and was buried at Euxton. 
 
 At an adjourned meeting of the Manchester City Council, held August 12, 
 a resolution was adopted congratulating the citizens on the passing of the Ship 
 Canal Bill, and assuring Mr. Daniel Adamson and his colleagues of the council's 
 high appreciation of the services rendered by them through three sessions of 
 Parliament. 
 
 A meeting of the subscribers to the fund which has been used in obtaining 
 Parliamentary powers to construct a ship canal between Liverpool and Man- 
 chester was held August 19, in the Manchester Town Hall. Mr. Daniel 
 Adamson (chairman of the Provisional Committee) presided, and explained 
 that the Provisional Committee agreed to purchase the Bridgewater Canal and 
 the rights of the proprietors of the Irwell and Mersey Navigation on the urgent 
 recommendation of their leading counsels. Mr. W. Agnew, M.P., moved the 
 adoption of a resolution thanking Mr. Adamson and the Provisional Committee 
 for the extraordinary energy and perseverance which they have displayed in 
 regard to the enterprise. In doing so, Mr. Agnew remarked that it was a 
 scandal upon Parliamentary institutions and a reflection upon the common 
 sense of the people that a matter like the Ship Canal Bill should have to go 
 through an ordeal before no less than six Committees of Parliament. What had 
 occurred in that instance was likely to have some influence in setting in motion 
 forces that would compel Parliament to deal .with such matters in a more 
 common-sense and business-like fashion. The resolution was adopted. 
 
 The jubilee of the Independent Order of Rechabites was celebrated in 
 Salford, August 29. The Rechabites formed a teetotal friendly society in 
 Salford in 1835. In the jubilee year they had one hundred thousand members — 
 all pledged abstainers. 
 
 It was intimated at the monthly meeting of the Royal Infirmary Board, 
 August 31, that Her Majesty had, on the advice of the Chancellor of the Duchy, 
 directed that a sum of £3,000 should be paid out of the estate of the late Mr. 
 Samuel Fletcher, formerly a pawnbroker in Great Ancoats Street, who died 
 intestate, by way of an endowment to be specially conferred on the Barnes 
 Convalescent Home at Cheadle. In order to perpetuate the memory of the 
 person out of whose property it has been made, the Chancellor directs that the 
 endowment shall bear the name of the " Samuel Fletcher Endowment." 
 
 At the Manchester Licensing Sessions, September 9, the licences of several 
 well-known houses were withdrawn, on the ground that the holders had been 
 convicted of offences against the Betting-houses Act. In addition to the 
 various forfeitures which were enforced, a considerable number of persons 
 were warned in most emphatic terms of the consequences that must follow if 
 they allowed betting men to frequent their houses.
 
 1885] 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 423 
 
 The Salforcl police, September 10, made a raid on all the clubs known to be 
 in existence merely for betting purposes. The police also visited a number of 
 beerhouses, where they had good reason to suspect that betting was being 
 carried on. Twenty -two persons were arrested, and taken to the Town Hall, 
 where they were charged, and then released on bail. 
 
 A conference of elective auditors was held at the Town Hall, September 26. 
 Mr. J. F. B. Firth,. M. P., presided. 
 
 The Cheetham Park was opened by the mayor (Alderman Harwood). It is 
 six acres in extent, and cost £15,000. 
 
 The townships of Bradford and Harpurhey and Rusholme Local Board 
 District were added to the city, under the provisions of the Manchester City 
 Extension Act, 1885. September 30. 
 
 Between September, 1884, and September, 18S5, 1,163 persons were arrested 
 in Manchester for drunkenness. Of these 111 were not bond-fide residents. 
 
 The Trades and Friendly Societies of the district celebrated the passing of 
 the Manchester Ship Canal Act by a grand procession, and by meetings at 
 Belle Vue Gardens and Alexandra Park, October 3. In spite of the unfavour- 
 able weather, the demonstration was large and enthusiastic. A great meeting 
 was held in the Free Trade Hall, October 5, when Mr. Pember, Q.C., and Mr. 
 H. M. Stanley, were the principal speakers. 
 
 A banquet was given by the Mayor of Manchester to the promoters of the 
 Ship Canal Act, October 6. 
 
 A reading-room for boys was opened at the Rochdale Road Branch Free 
 Library, October 12. 
 
 At a meeting of the Salford Town Council, held October 16, a resolution was 
 proposed asking that the Corporation should subscribe to the capital of the 
 Ship Canal Company by taking up shares therein to an extent not exceeding 
 twenty-five thousand shares of £10 each, and that application should be forth- 
 with made to Parliament for the necessary powers. After discussion, however, 
 the motion was withdrawn in favour of an amendment to the effect that the 
 Corporation should consider the expediency of taking up shares to an extent 
 not exceeding the number proposed in the original resolution, when the rate- 
 payers expressed their opinion that such a course was desirable. 
 
 Alderman Thomas Davies died at Pendleton, October 18, aged 75 years. He 
 first entered the Salford Council in 1853, and remained a councillor for three 
 years. He was again elected in November, 1859, and was thrice mayor— in 
 1S68-69-70. He was chairman of the Libraries and Parks Committee, and took 
 a prominent part in all municipal affairs. He was officially conned ed with the 
 Irwell Street Wesleyan Chapel, where he not unfrequently preached. 
 
 Mr. William Hughes died at Cheetwood, Oct. 19, aged 65 years. He was a 
 native of Liverpool, where he was born in 1821, but his family removed whilst 
 he was very young. He was educated at the Manchester Grammar School and the 
 Mechanics' Institution, and throughout his life took the warmest interest in 
 the question of elementary education. He was elected on the first Manchester 
 School Board, and retained his connection with that body until his death. He 
 was an active member of the New Church (Swedenborgian) denomination. 
 Few men did more good or were more beloved by all. He is buried at St. 
 Paul's, Kersal.
 
 424 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1885 
 
 Mr. F. H. Cowen delivered an address at the annual meeting of the local 
 branch of the Society of Professional Musicians, October 21. 
 
 Mr. William H. J. Traice died at Leamington, October 21. He was for a 
 number of years a familiar figure in the literary and artistic circles of Man- 
 chester. As organising master of the science classes of the Bridgewater Trust, 
 and subsequently as agent of the Lancashire and Cheshire Union of Institutes, 
 he did good service. He was a frequent contributor to the local press. 
 
 Mr. John Slagg, M.P., delivered an address, at the Junior Reform Club, on 
 "Poverty in India," October 22. This led to a prolonged controversy with Sir 
 James Fergusson. 
 
 The Right Rev. James Fraser, D.D., Lord Bishop of Manchester, died at 
 Bishop's Court, Higher Broughton, October 22. He was born in 1818 at Prest- 
 bury, near Cheltenham, but he was a cadet of the family of Fraser of Darris. 
 He was educated at Bridgnorth and Shrewsbury Schools, and proceeded to 
 Oxford University, where he had a brilliant career. He was a Fellow of Oriel 
 from 1840 to 1847, and having entered holy orders received the college living of 
 Cholderton. This, and the position of Chancellor of Salisbury Cathedral, he 
 resigned in 1860, when he became rector of Ufton Nervet. He was an assistant 
 commissioner of the Royal Commission on Education, in 1858-60, and of the 
 School Inquiry Commission of 1865. For the latter he examined and reported 
 on the Canadian and American schools. In 1867 he reported for the Agricultural 
 Children's Commission in the counties of Gloucester, Norfolk, Essex, and 
 Sussex. On the death of Bishop Lee, in December, 1869, Mr. Fraser was 
 nominated to the see of Manchester. Into the work of the diocese he threw all 
 the energy of his nature, and whilst very strictly maintaining " church lines" 
 he was glad of opportunities of co-operation with those of other creeds, and so 
 earned the title of "Bishop of all denominations." When the Social Science 
 Congress was held in Manchester, in 1879, the Bishop was called upon to 
 preside. He married Miss Duncan on January 15, 1880. The occasion was 
 seized to present him with a testimonial, which included a bust, by Mr. 
 Warrington Wood, for the Town Hall ; a portrait, by Sir John Millais, for Mrs. 
 Fraser ; and a sum of money for the foundation of a scholarship at the Owens 
 College. The diocese prospered greatly under his care, and the only untoward 
 incident in his episcopate was the Miles Platting case, with its train of mis- 
 understandings and bitter feeling. The bishop had great powers as a preacher 
 and speaker, and his quick sympathy with that which was good gave him a 
 hold upon the sympathies of all. He is buried at Ufton Nervet. 
 
 At a public meeting of the ratepayers of Salf ord, held October 28, a resolution 
 was carried approving of the proposal that the Town Council should contribute 
 the sum of £250,000 towards the capital of the Ship Canal Company. The pro- 
 ceedings were not entirely unanimous. 
 
 Meeting of the members of the Manchester Athenfeum in celebration of 
 the jubilee of that Institution was held on October 28. Mr. Samuel Ogden was 
 in the chair. The proceedings were opened by Mr. John Slagg, M.P., 
 introducing to the meeting Mr. A. E. Fitzgerald, senior Vice-President of the 
 Athenaeum, who thereupon presented to Mr. Ogden, his (Mr. Ogden's) portrait, 
 painted in oil by Mr. G. Perkins, and with it an address, handsomely bound up 
 with the signatures of the subscribers to the portrait. Speeches were then
 
 1885J 
 
 Annals of Manchester. 425 
 
 made by Mr. Ogden, Alderman Harwood, Sir H. Roscoe, Mr. James Heywood, 
 Bishop Vaughan, Principal Greenwood, Mr. Oliver Heywood, Mr. J. F. Hulton, 
 and Professor Boyd Dawkins. 
 
 The first elections of councillors for Bradford, Harpurhey, and Rusholme 
 Wards was held November 1. 
 
 A conference of sanitary authorities on the subject of cholera was held in 
 Manchester Town Hall, November 3. 
 
 The poll for the election of the Salford School Board was taken November 4. 
 There were sixteen candidates for the fifteen seats. 
 
 The poll for the election of the Manchester School Board was taken Nov- 
 ember 5. There were twenty candidates for the fifteen seats. The result was 
 declared on November 6. 
 
 Mr. Randall H. Alcock died suddenly at his residence, Hudcar,'Didsbury, 
 November 9. Mr. Alcock was a cotton manufacturer at Hudcar, Bury, for 
 many years, and had a large acquaintance with the details of the cotton 
 industry. He also took an interest in botany, and was the author of Botanical 
 Names for English Readers, 1884. He was a fellow of the Linnaean Society, 
 and was founder and president of the Bury Natural History Society. 
 
 The Salford Town Council decided, November 11, to promote a bill in 
 Parliament which would authorise them to subscribe £250,000 to the capital of 
 the Ship Canal Company. 
 
 A great fire broke out in warehouses in Portland Street and Princess 
 Street, in premises occupied by Messrs. L. Behrens, November 12. The damage 
 was estimated at £150,000. 
 
 The City Art Gallery was first lighted by electricity, November 16. 
 
 The first Parliamentary election for Salford, after its division into three 
 constituencies under the Seats Act, 1884, was held November 25, and resulted 
 in the return of Mr. B. Armitage (L.) for West Salford, Mr. W. Mather (L.) for 
 South Salford, and Mr. Edward Hardcastle (C.) for North Salford. 
 
 The first Parliamentary election in Manchester, after the division of the 
 city into six constituencies, under the Seats Act, 1884, was held November 20. 
 The result was the return of Mr. A. J. Balfour (C.) for East Manchester, Mr. 
 J. F. Hutton (C.) for North Manchester, Sir James Fergusson (C.) for North- 
 East Manchester, Mr. W. H. Houldsworth (C.) for North-West Manchester, Sir 
 H. E. Roscoe (L.) for South Manchester, and Lord F. C. Hamilton (C.) for 
 South-West Manchester. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Nunn elected chairman of the new Manchester School Board 
 at its first meeting, November 30, thus displacing Mr. Herbert Birley, who had 
 occupied the position from the formation of the Board in 1870. 
 
 St. Andrew's Day was celebrated by the Manchester Scotchmen at the 
 Victoria Hotel. Lord Balfour occupied the chair at the dinner. November 30. 
 
 The Manchester City Council [authorised the acceptance of tenders for 
 works in connection with the Thirlmere Water Scheme, December 1. 
 
 The Manchester City Council authorised the purchase of Carrington Moss 
 for the purposes of the Health Committee, December !). 
 
 The new premises of the Schiller-Anstalt, in Nelson Street, were formally 
 opened by the Mayor of Manchester, December 18. 
 
 Mr. Edmund John Syson died at St. Ives, December 29, aged 45. He was
 
 426 Annals of Manchester. 
 
 [1885 
 
 educated at Queen's College, Birmingham, and was L.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P. of 
 Edinburgh. From 1868 to 1873 he was medical officer of health for Salford, 
 and took an active part in the sanitary work of the district. On resigning his 
 appointment he went to Rotherham, and afterwards settled at St. Ives in 
 private practice. He wrote The Cry of the Children and various other papers 
 and pamphlets. 
 
 Mr. Edward J. Poynter, R.A., delivered an address to the students of the 
 Manchester School of Art, December 30. 
 
 Miss M. D. Mutrie died December 30. She was a native of Manchester, 
 and contributed ,'paintings of fruit to the Royal Academy in 1851, and in 1854 
 removed to London, where she died. (Athenceum, January 9, 1886.) 
 
 The honour of knighthood was conferred upon Dr. William Roberts, F.R.S., 
 of Manchester, December 30. 
 
 At a meeting of the General Purposes Committee of the Manchester Cor- 
 poration, it was resolved not to oppose the bill which is being promoted by the 
 Corporation of Bolton with regard to the jurisdiction of the Salford Hundred 
 Court of Record. The object of the bill is to exempt the town of Bolton from 
 the jurisdiction of the court in regard to claims for sums of £5 and under. On 
 the recommendation of the Incorporation Sub-committee compensation was. 
 granted to several officials of the Rusholme, Bradford, and Harpurhey Local 
 Boards, whose services had been dispensed with in consequence of the incorpora- 
 tion of those districts with Manchester. December 31.
 
 Ai3DE]srr>A. 
 
 1530. 
 
 In the calendar of State Papers (Henry VIII.) are some entries relating 
 to the Cardinal's College, Oxford, and amongst them—" To Benbow coming 
 from Manchester to be master of the choristers, May 29, 10s." 
 
 1574 {circa). 
 
 The following is an extract from a letter addressed by Warden Herle 
 to the Lord Treasurer about the year 1571: "Almighty God preserve your 
 Lordship. On Midlent Sunday last, as our preacher (who is a Bachelor of 
 Divinity) was riding to preach at one of the chapels of the parish, being distant 
 from the Parish Church four miles, one William Smyth, of the parish of 
 Manchester, met him on the way, and taking his horse by the bridle, drew his 
 dagger and beat and wounded him with three wounds, and if his horse had 
 not broke out of the hand of the said Smyth, of likelihood he had slain him." 
 Booker says that Warden Herle here refers to Oliver Carter, B.D. (Booker's 
 Blackley, p. 65. Strype's Annals, vol. ii., p. 318, edit. 1725.) 
 
 1613. 
 
 The people of Manchester gave a mastiff dog for the use of the Royal 
 Beargarden in London, and agree to supply one each year. (Warner's 
 Dulwich College Catalogue, 1881, p. 79.) The Keepers had a commission, which 
 empowered them to seize suitable dogs, but they were sometimes roughly 
 handled in the execution of their office. 
 
 1624. 
 
 Mr. George Marshall granted all his lands and tenements to Mr. William 
 Sparke and others, in trust to apply the rents, etc., to the relief of poor 
 people within the town of Manchester. These rents amounted, in 1750, to 
 £12 per annum. In 1781 the property was sold to the Improvement Com- 
 missioners, and the purchase money, £2,250, invested in three per cent consols, 
 yielding annually £07 10s. lOd. (Edwards's Worthies, p. 09.) 
 
 1630. 
 
 Mr. George Clarke enfeoffed in Humphrey Chetham and others houses 
 and land in Manchester, Crumpsall, and Tetlow, in trust that the clear yearl] 
 rents should be for ever and wholly dispensed in the relief <>f poor and 
 needy persons in Manchester, according to the judgment and direction of tl i 
 boroughreeve and constables. According to Mr. Walker, the property, at the 
 date of gift, produced the clear annual sum of £100. In 1790-01 it produced 
 £320 0s. Od. (Edwards's Worthies, p. 70.)
 
 428 Annals of Manchester. [addenda 
 
 1653. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Smith was buried at the Collegiate Church, February 27. . In 
 January, 1637-38, Thomas Smith, who is described as a " buckbinder," had a 
 daughter baptised at the Collegiate Church. This Thomas Smith had been a 
 bookseller iu Barnstaple for four or five years, but not finding sufficient trade 
 there, he came to Manchester, "where there had beene a bookseller formerly, 
 but by his misdemeanour ran himselfe so deeply into men's debts that he was 
 forced to depart." There he claimed that he had so behaved himself and 
 furnished the place with "all sorts of Latin and English bookes allowed by 
 authority to be sold, that he hath gayned ye custome both of town and 
 countrey." His shop is named on the title-pages of Lancashire's Valley of 
 Achor, 1643, and other Civil War tracts. (Dredge's Devon Booksellers and 
 Printers, Plymouth, 1885.) 
 
 1785. 
 
 Mr. George Bell, M.D., died February 3. He was born in Dumfriesshire in 
 1755, educated at the Universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, and graduated 
 M.D. in 1777. In March, 1781, he removed to Manchester, and became a 
 memberof the Literary and Philosophical Society on December 12, the same 
 year. A memoir of him, by Dr. Currie, will be found in the Literary and 
 Philosophical Society Memoirs, vol. ii., p. 382. 
 
 1789. 
 
 Mr. James Walker, M.D., F.R.S., of Springhead, near Hull, died February 
 22, aged 70 years. His father, James Walker, was a merchant in Manchester. 
 
 1790. 
 
 Messrs. Grimshaw, of Gorton, erected a factory at Knot Mill for the 
 introduction of power-looms into Manchester, which was burnt down before 
 they commenced work. 
 
 1792. 
 
 Sir Richard Arkwright, knight, of Willersley Castle, Derbyshire, died 
 August 26. He was born at Preston in 1732, and was brought up as a barber. 
 After struggling through various adversities, he availed himself of other men's 
 inventions in the cotton manufacture, by which he is said to have acquired a 
 fortune of nearly a million sterling within the space of twenty-two years. In 
 17S6 he was high sheriff of Derbyshire, and was knighted by the King on 
 presenting an address in his official character. His claims as an inventor have 
 been warmly contested, but there is no doubt as to the power of organisation 
 by which he practically created the factory system. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Aynscough died at the age of seventy. He was for 
 thirty-two years a fellow of the Collegiate Church. 
 
 A pamphlet appeared entitled The Necessity of a Speedy Reform in Parlia- 
 ment, Manchester, 1792, by George Philips (first baronet). Ford wrote on his 
 copy that the author was "said to be greatly assisted by Dr. Ferriar." {Palatine 
 Note-book, vol. iv., p. 174.) It advocates woman suffrage.
 
 addenda] Annals of Manchester. 429 
 
 1794. 
 
 The Rev. Richard Assheton died January 18. He was senior fellow of the 
 Collegiate Church. 
 
 Messrs. Thomas Walker, "William Paul, Samuel Jackson, James Cheetham, 
 Oliver Pearsall, Benjamin Booth, and Joseph Collier were indicted at the 
 Lancaster Assizes, April 2, for a treasonable conspiracy. The chief evidence 
 was that of an informer named Dunn, whose perjury was so manifest that the 
 accused were acquitted April 3. Dunn was tried in June and sentenced to the 
 pillory and two years' imprisonment. 
 
 1817. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Jordan founded the School of Anatomy, which was afterwards 
 incorporated with the Royal School of Medicine and Surgery, founded in 1S21. 
 
 1824. 
 
 Mr. James Wroe died. He was an old bookseller, and started the 
 Manchester Observer, which brought him into prison. He was an advanced 
 Radical. 
 
 The Royal School of Medicine and Surgery was established in Pine Street. 
 Previous to this there had been lectures on anatomy and physiology delivered 
 by Dr. Charles White and others. 
 
 1828. 
 
 The Friends' Meeting House, Mount Street, was rebuilt. 
 
 1838. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Carlyle spent a day or two in October with a sister, who had 
 married a Mr. Banning, in Manchester. The account he gives of his night 
 experiences is curious: "I was just closing my senses in sweet oblivion 
 when the watchman, with a voice like the deepest groan of the Highland bag- 
 pipe, or what an ostrich corncraik might utter, groaned out Groo-o-o-o close 
 under me, and set all in a gallop again. Groo-o-o-o ; for there was no articulate 
 announcement at all in it, that I could gather. Groo-o-o-o, repeated again and 
 again at various distances, dying out and then growing loud again, for an hour 
 or more. I grew impatient, bolted out of bed, flung up the w indow. Groo-o-o-o. 
 There he was advancing, lantern in hand a few yards off me. ' Can't you give 
 up that noise?' I hastily addressed him. ' You are keeping a person awake. 
 What good is it to go howling and groaning all night, and deprive people of 
 their skip .'' He ceased from that time— at least I heard no more of him. No 
 watchman, I think, has been more astonished for some time hack. At five in 
 the morning all was as still as sleep and darkness. At half-past live all went 
 off like an enormous mill-race or ocean-tide. Boom-m-m, far and wide. It was 
 the mills that were all starting then, and creishy (greasy) drudges by the 
 million taking post there. I have heard few sounds more impressive to me in 
 the mood I was in." (Froude's Carlyle in Londun, vol. i., pp. 147-8.)
 
 430 Annals of Manchester. [addenda 
 
 1848. 
 
 Mr. George Stephenson died August 12. In 1825 he was appointed chief 
 engineer of the projected Liverpool and Manchester Railway, made the 
 preliminary surveys, and in 1826 began the construction of the road, which 
 occupied four years. 
 
 1850. 
 
 The Assembly Rooms, Mosley Street, sold by auction for £9,000. (See 
 under date 1792.) 
 
 1852. 
 
 At the meeting of the Manchester Town Council, held on June 16, the follow- 
 ing letter was read from Mr. A. Megson: "103, Market Street, Manchester, 
 May 11th, 1852. Worshipful Sir,— I am instructed by Mr. Watts, of London, to 
 communicate his desire to present to the town of Manchester a large picture 
 entitled ' The Good Samaritan,' which he exhibited, a short time ago, at the 
 Royal Exhibition, in London, and respectfully dedicated to Mr. Thomas 
 Wright, the prison philanthropist, of Manchester. Mr. Watts does not wish it 
 to be accepted as a work of art, but as a testimony of his high esteem for the 
 exemplary and praiseworthy character of that humble individual. — I remain, 
 worshipful sir, your most obedient servant, Albert Megson." 
 
 1853. 
 
 Rev. John Booth Strettles died March 23. He was born at Rochdale, 
 October 11, 1795, and was educated at the Manchester Grammar School. He 
 was intended for the Anglican Church, but his parents having in 1809 joined 
 the Bible Christian Church, King Street, Salford, Mr. Strettles finished his 
 education under the Rev. William Cowherd, and became minister of the church 
 conjointly with Mr. Brotherton. 
 
 1856. 
 
 General Gabriel Gordon died at Higher Ardwick Lodge, Manchester, 
 August 7, aged 93 years. He entered the army as ensign in 1781, became 
 lieutenant-colonel in 1S02, major-general in 1814, lieutenant-general in 1830, and 
 general in 1816. (Hardwicke's Biography, 1856, p. 162.) 
 
 1868. 
 
 The Salford Chronicle, No. 1, published Otober 24. 
 
 1871. 
 
 The Roman Catholic Home for Female Penitents, Victoria Park, was 
 opened by Mr. John Grave, Mayor of Manchester, July 23. The building is of 
 Gothic design, and the estimated cost, exclusive of furniture, was about £6,000. 
 The Bishop of Clifton took part in the proceedings. 
 
 Mr. William Prowting Roberts died, September 21, aged 65. He was author 
 of The Haswell Colliery Explosion, 1844; What is a Traveller? 1855, and 
 other pamphlets. He took an active part in politics, and was an advanced 
 Liberal, but was perhaps best known as the Miners' Attorney-General.
 
 addenda] Annals of Manchester. 431 
 
 A serious fire occurred, October 2, at the Albert Mill, Hope Street, Salford, 
 the property of Messrs. Tysoe and Hope. The damage was estimated at £15,000. 
 
 1872. 
 
 Sir Thomas Phillips, Bart, M.A., F.R.S., died February 6, at Chelten- 
 ham. He was born at Cannon Street, Manchester, in 1792, and was the 
 illegitimate son of Mr. Thomas Phillips. He became a great book collector, 
 and his mansion at Middle Hill was famous for its valuable MSS. He set up a 
 private press, at which numerous tracts and fragments were printed. As he 
 had no son the title became extinct at his death. (Herald and Genealogist, 
 vol. viii., p. 349.) 
 
 Rev. John James Tayler died at London, May 28. He was born at 
 Newington Butts, Aug. 15, 1797, was a minister of the Unitarian Chapel, Upper 
 Brook Street, and professor in Manchester New College. He wrote a 
 Retrospect of Religious Life in England, 1S45, and other works. (Letters of 
 J. J. layler, embracing Ids Life, by J. H. Thorn, 1872. 2 vols.) 
 
 Bev. Elijah Hoole died in London, June 17. He was born at Manchester, 
 February 3, 1798, and was educated at the Grammar School. He went to India 
 as a missionary, and translated the Bible into the Tamil language, and wrote a 
 Personal Narrative of Missions, and other works. (Manchester School 
 Register, vol. iii., pp. 44, 290.) 
 
 Mr. Jesse Percy Stokes, journalist, died at Manchester, October 1. He was 
 born in 1808, and was the author of Two Christmas Pajicrs, Manchester, 1858. 
 
 Mr. Elijah Ridings died October 18. He was born at Failsworth, November 
 27, 1802, and was the tenth of his parents' fifteen children. He had a hard 
 struggle with poverty all his life, was present at Peterloo, and took an active 
 part in the reform agitation. He was the author of The Village Muse and 
 Streams from an Old Fountain. 
 
 1873. 
 
 Dr. Frederick Crace Calvert died October 24, aged 54 years. He was born 
 near London, but for many years had lived in Manchester, where he enjoyed a 
 high reputation as an analytical chemist. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Turner, F.R.C.S., died at Manchester, December 17. He was 
 born at Truro, August 16, 1793, and lived in Manchester for 57 years. He wrote 
 an Address to the Inhabitants of Lancashire on the Medical Profession, 1825. 
 A Memoir of him was published in 1875. 
 
 1874. 
 
 The Manchester Aquarium, in Alexandra Road, Moss Side, opened May 21. 
 
 1876. 
 
 Rev. John Relly Beard, D.D., died at Ashton-on-Mersey, November 22. He 
 was born at Southsea in 1800, but in 1825 came to Manchester as minister of 
 the Unitarian Chapel, Greengate ; afterwards removed to New Bridge Street, 
 Strangeways. After 18G5 he was minister of the Sale Unitarian Church. He 
 was an earnest worker in the cause of education, and the author of a long 
 series of theological writings.
 
 432 Annals of Manchester. [addenda 
 
 1877. 
 
 Mr. Joshua Procter Brown Westhead died, July 25. He was the son of 
 Mr. Edward Westhead, a smallware and fringe manufacturer. He was bom 
 on April 15, 1807, in Faulkner Street, Manchester, and became a partner with 
 his father. He was a promoter of the early railways, and in 1847, for his 
 services, he was presented with a service of plate of the value of £2,400 by the 
 shareholders of the Manchester and Birmingham Railway. In 1846 Mr. West- 
 head removed from Manchester to Lea Castle, near Wolverley, Worcestershire, 
 and in 1847 was elected M.P. for Knaresborough, as a Liberal. At the contested 
 election of 1S50, all three candidates having received an equal number of votes, 
 Mr. Westhead withdrew. In 1850 he assumed the surname of Brown before 
 that of Westhead, and in 1861 became vice-chairman of the London and North- 
 western Railway. In 1857 he was elected M.P. for York, and sat till 1865, 
 when he was defeated. In 1868 he was re-elected for York, but in 1870 he was 
 compelled by ill-health to resign his seat, as also his office of vice-chairman of 
 the London and North- Western Railway Company. 
 
 1878. 
 
 Mr. George Venables Vernon, F.R.A.S., died, January 11. There is a 
 notice of his scientific work in the Monthly Notices of Boyal Astronomical 
 Society, vol. xxxix., p. 238, 
 
 1879. 
 
 Mr. William Hepworth Dixon died at London, December 27. He was born 
 in Ancoats, and in hie early life was employed in a factory. He left Man- 
 chester in 1846, and in 1853 became the editor of the Athenceum, a post which 
 he resigned in 1869. He was the author of lives of Howard, Penn, and Robert 
 Blake, of Boyal Windsor, Her Majesty's Tower, Spiritual Wives, and other 
 works. He was offered and refused a baronetcy.
 
 INDEX 
 
 Page 
 
 Abattoirs 32S 
 
 Abbot, Captain 132 
 
 Abdye, Anthony 49 
 
 Aberdare, Lord 311, 410 
 
 Abiuger, Lord 194 
 
 Abney, Captain W. de W . . 373 
 Academy of Fine Arts, Pro- 
 posed 136 
 
 Accidents : 
 At Ormrod & Hardcastle's 255 
 W. M. Chapel, Oldham St. 195 
 Fallot flooring, OldhamRd. 19S 
 Fatal, at Kelly & Gilmore's 213 
 Man killed at Albert Brge. 22(3 
 
 Three men killed 249 
 
 Ackers, Holland 91, 128 
 
 Ackers, James.. . . 125, 126, 127 
 128, 129, 182, 141, 1T4 
 
 Ackland, General 143 
 
 Acreage of M. & S xvi, xvii 
 
 Acres Fair. .89, 107, 163, 167, 359 
 
 Adams, Elizabeth 88 
 
 Adams, Orion 88, 125 
 
 Adams, Roger 77, 88, 125 
 
 Adamson, Daniel 389, 408 
 
 Addison, Rev. Berkeley . . 271 
 
 Addy, Mark 366 
 
 Adshead , Joseph 283 
 
 Adshead's Plan of M'chester 257 
 Adult Deaf & Dumb Instn. 363 
 Advertiser and Weekly Mag. 80 
 
 Agnew, Thomas xiv, 327 
 
 Agricultural Society 98 
 
 Ainsworth, Mrs. Ann .... 217 
 
 Ainsworth, David xii 
 
 Ainsworth, Thomas . . 160, 217 
 Ainsworth, W. H..160, 217, 386 
 Ainsworth, W. II., Dinner to 3S3 
 Albany, Duke of, visited . . S85 
 
 Albert Bridge 229 
 
 Albrt.Brg.,FallofhouBes879,380 
 
 Albert Memorial.. 2S6, 304, 807 
 
 Albert Mill tire 1 31 
 
 Albert Park 362 
 
 Albert, PruceConsrt. 271, 272,286 
 Albert, Prince, Statue of . . 293 
 
 Albert, Prince, Visit of 268 
 
 Albion Bridge Mills fire .. 286 
 Albion Cotton Mills burned I iO 
 Aleock, Randall H., died.. 425 
 Alehouses. :;:;,. 34, 35,36,39,40, 125 
 
 Alexander, John xi 
 
 Alexander, Joseph xi 
 
 Alexandra Hall Company. . 304 
 
 Alexandra Park 328 
 
 Alexandra Park drink.fntn. 859 
 Alfred played at Queen's Th. 284 
 
 Alfred, Prince 271 
 
 Alico, Princess 271 
 
 Alison, Sir A 242 
 
 Allegiance, Oath of 86 
 
 Allen, — , Executed 309 
 
 Allen, Rev. Isaac 62 
 
 Allen, Bishop John 231 
 
 Allen, J. N 815 
 
 Allen, Joseph 142 
 
 Cl 
 
 Page 
 
 Allen, Rev. J. T 163 
 
 Allen, Thomas, exhibited.. 124 
 Allen's Buildings on fire . . 332 
 
 AUott, Rev. Robert 285 
 
 Almshouses, Miller's Lane.. 69 
 
 Altar Cloth 74 
 
 Alum Street, fire at 216 
 
 Ambery, C. C 243 
 
 Amburgh's Stud s 'Id 231 
 
 American War Volunteers.. 108 
 
 Amphitheatre 125, 141 
 
 Ancoats Hall S3 
 
 Ancoats 137 
 
 Ancoats Lyceum 204 
 
 Ancoats, Sunday lectures . . 391 
 
 Ancotes, Henry de 12 
 
 Anderton, George .... 313, 406 
 
 Anderton, Henry 197 
 
 Anderton, Thomas 94, 95 
 
 Andrew, Jonathan 232 
 
 Andrew, Rt. , explosion .. 163 
 
 Andrew, Thomas 163 
 
 Andrews, Eliz 124 
 
 Andrew's, Greengate, fire at 282 
 AngelMeadowBurialGround 30S 
 Angier, Rev. John, 56, 60, 62, 6S 
 
 Angier, Rev. Samuel 76 
 
 Anglesea, Marquis of, visit 14S 
 
 Anselme, Father 40 
 
 Anson, Ven. G. H. G. ..322, 390 
 
 Anson, Sir W. R 343 
 
 Anstruther, Captain 355 
 
 Anthony, OF 329 
 
 Anthony, Captain 170 
 
 Anthony, G. W 278 
 
 Anti-Corn Law Circular. . . . 205 
 Anti-Corn Law: Bazaars, 
 ■216, 234; League, 203, 235, 
 309 ; Banquets, 204, 209, 
 243; League re-constitu'd, 
 260; Riot with Chartists, 
 213; Lecture, 204; Peti- 
 tion from Chmbr. of C. 204 
 
 Anti-Slavery 266, 290 
 
 Antrobus, Peter 92 
 
 Appleby & Co.'s Gas Work I I 
 Appleby, Thomas, died. . . . 198 
 
 Apprentice's Fee 7:; 
 
 Apprentices' Treatment .. 98 
 Aquarium. .341, 842, 363,364, 181 
 
 Arbitration Courts 815 
 
 Arbuthnot, Sir Thomas .. 249 
 
 Arch, Joseph 
 
 Archdeaconry of Manchstr. 228 
 Architectural Society .... 201 
 
 Arctic Expedition 861 
 
 Ardwick&Ancoata 1 •) 
 Ardwiek Cnsrv. Club bazaar 886 
 Ardwiek, Corporation of . . 96 
 Ard wick Manor 819 
 
 Ardwiek, Mayor of 298 
 
 Ardwiek Police Act 169 
 
 Argus 181, 844 
 
 Argyll, Duke of 282 
 
 Arkwright, Sir B 9.8, 100 
 
 102, 103, 108, 221. 128 
 Arkwright, Mr. R 221 
 
 Page 
 Armada, Contribtn. against 41 
 
 Armitago, Benjamin 425 
 
 Armitage, Cyrus 261, 269 
 
 Armitage, Sir Elkanah, xii, xiii 
 202, 247, 251, 271, 360 
 
 Armitage, John 269 
 
 Armstrong, R. B 206, 235 
 
 Armstrong, Thomas 251 
 
 Armstrong,Thomas,hanged 153 
 
 Arnot, Rev. W 271 
 
 Art & Industrial Exhibition 391 
 Art GaUery. . . 357, 382, 418, 425 
 
 Art Gallery Act 390 
 
 Arthur, King 4 
 
 Artingstall, James 108 
 
 Artom, Rev. Dr 340 
 
 Arts Club 373 
 
 Art Exhibition 368 
 
 Art Treasures Exhb.. 269,270,271 
 Art Treasures Ex., Accident 270 
 Art Union of Groat Britain 340 
 Art Workmen's Exhib..294, 302 
 
 Arundel, Earl of 246 
 
 Ashantee, King of 210 
 
 Ashburne, L. R : 1 1 1 
 
 Ashbury, James 325 
 
 Ashcroft, James, sen. <fe jun. 153 
 Ashley, Lord (See Shaftes- 
 bury, Lord) 
 
 Ashrnore, Charles 311 
 
 Ashton Canal Act passed. . 120 
 
 Ashton, Major F xiv, 414 
 
 Ashton, John 362, 899 
 
 Ashton, Thomas, murdered 181 
 Ashton, Thomas, M.I). .8'. 
 
 Ashworth, Edmund 380 
 
 Ashworth, Henrv, J.P..261, 376 
 
 Ashworth, Richard W. .167, 296 
 
 7orth, Alderman Thos. 318 
 
 al, Robert, slain 41 
 
 .inall, Rev. 1" 64 
 
 i. linall, Thomas 37 
 
 Aspland, Alfred 378 
 
 Assembly Room, Mosley 
 
 Street 2S2, 430 
 
 Assembly Booms opened . . 119 
 
 Assheton, Bleanora 98 
 
 Asshel in. Bev. Mr 79 
 
 Assheton, Sir Ralph, lit.. 
 
 Assheton, Rev. lid 429 
 
 Assheton, Rev. Rd 96 
 
 Assheton. Bev. B., D.D. 108,128 
 
 Assize Courts 271, 416 
 
 . 3. I uie. . 194, 298, 312 
 
 181 
 
 A-tlev, F. D 138, 146 
 
 . Philip 101 
 
 \htoii, Joseph 131, 131, 1 11 
 
 1 IS I i7, 159, 230 
 Aston, J. P., died 388 
 
 \ t ) I'M 1:1 M 1 !ll l.'l 
 
 Atle ineum Banquet 862 
 
 Atlieiiieum Opening 208 
 
 \tii. inteum Bazaar 228 
 
 i Dramatis Soc.. 349 
 
 Atiieimnim, fire at 338 
 
 Athen.eum Jubilee 424
 
 434 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page 
 Athnieum soirees229, 234,347, 385 
 
 Athenwum Gazette 354 
 
 Atherton, Ann, died 171 
 
 Atherton, Eleanora.,150,214,324 
 
 Atherton, Henry 150, 171 
 
 Athletic Festival 351 
 
 Atkinson, F. R 149 
 
 Atkinson, John W xiii, 236 
 
 Atkinson, T. W. . . 197, 236, 284 
 
 Atomic Theory 228 
 
 Aubry, G. E 163 
 
 Auditors, Election of City.. 397 
 Auditors' Elective Confern. 423 
 
 Aulnegeis' Fees 34 
 
 Aurora Borealis 192 
 
 Austrian Crown Prince . . 366 
 
 Axon, W. E. A 348, 370 
 
 Aynscough, Rev. T 428 
 
 Aytoun, Gen. Roger.. .. 9S, 141 
 Aytoun, Mrs. Roger 109 
 
 Baby Farming 331 
 
 Baden, Herr 112 
 
 Baerlein & Co.'s warehouse 
 
 on fire 394 
 
 Bagot, James 291 
 
 Baguley, William x, 79 
 
 Bailey, P. J 208 
 
 Bailey, Henry 193 
 
 Bailey, Aid. W. H 420 
 
 Baines, Edward 263 
 
 Bake, Aid. James 364, 372 
 
 Bakers 32, 34, 39, 40 
 
 Baker, Rev. Daniel 50 
 
 Baker, Sir T xii, 379, 3S1 
 
 3S3, 388, 394 
 Baking at the Lord's Oven. 38 
 Balcanquell, Walter, D.D.. 57 
 Balfour, A. J. 401, 415, 419, 425 
 
 Balfour, Lord 425 
 
 Ball, Juvenile 379 
 
 Ballad Singing 156 
 
 BaUantyne, Thomas. . . 235, 329 
 Balloon Ascents 110, 112, 143, 261 
 
 Mr. C. Green 201 
 
 Ballot, Meeting 271 
 
 Bamford, Samuel.. 158, 329, 332 
 
 Bancks, Gerard 134 
 
 Bancroft, Joseph 89 
 
 Bancroft, Rev. Thomas.... 142 
 
 Bancroft, Timothy 74 
 
 Band of Hope, First 192 
 
 Band of Hope Union Confr. 354 
 Banks : 
 Bank of England Branch, 
 
 King Street 173, 234, 243 
 
 Commercial Bank of Eng- 
 land opened 190 
 
 Daintry, Byle, & Co., 163 ; 
 
 Stopped Payment 213 
 
 B'k of Manchester opened, 
 176 ; Stopped Payment, 
 
 219 ; Broken Open 290 
 
 Branch of National Pro- 
 vincial Bank of England. 19S 
 Heywood's, established .. 115 
 Imperial Bank of England 198 
 Manch. & L'pool Dist. 177. 190 
 Manch. & Salford, Mosley 
 
 Street, established 197 
 
 North. & Cent, of Eng. op. 190 
 Proposed Man. Corporat'n 
 
 Savings Bank Act 307 
 
 South Lancashire estab. . . 190 
 South Lanes. , York St. . . 202 
 Union Bank established . . 190 
 
 Page 
 Bank Notes, 102; Changing, 
 162 ; Local Refused, 163 ; 
 
 Robbery of 273 
 
 Banks, Rev. Adam 88 
 
 Banne, Dr. Nathaniel .... 76 
 
 Banne, Rev. N 81 
 
 Bannermann, David. .. xii, 178 
 Banns, Number Published 
 
 at Old Church 165 
 
 Baptist Theological College 343 
 
 Barber, Robert 148 
 
 Barber, Sir Ralph 43 
 
 Barber, Robert .... 37, 251, 412 
 
 Bard of Colour 250 
 
 Bardsley, Rev. James .... 250 
 
 Bardsley, Sir James 358 
 
 Bardslev, Jeremiah 124 
 
 Barge, Herbert 343 
 
 Barker, Christopher 390 
 
 Barker, J. Lamartine .... 319 
 
 Barker, Joseph 353 
 
 Barker, T. H 319 
 
 Barlow, Sir Alex 48 
 
 Barlow, Ed. O.S.B., execut. 53 
 
 Barlow, James 311 
 
 Barlow, Joseph 136 
 
 Barlow, Sarah 99 
 
 Barlow, Thomas xiv 
 
 Barlow, Bishop Wm. ..xiii, 47 
 
 Barnard, Robert 179 
 
 Barnes Convalescent Home 329 
 
 Barnes, J ames 205 
 
 Barnes, John 216 
 
 Barnes, Robert . . . xii, 320, 330 
 Barnes, Rev. T., D.D.. 113, 141 
 Barracks (Salf'd), Explosion 379 
 
 Barrett, Joseph xiii, 90 
 
 Barrett, Anne 194 
 
 Barrett, Thomas 159,194 
 
 Barrow, Rev. Mr 78 
 
 Barrow, John xiii 
 
 Barrow, Richard xiii 
 
 Barrow, Thomas xiii 
 
 Barrow, William xiii 
 
 Barrow, William, Estates of, 
 
 Private Act 135 
 
 Barry, Sir C 166, 167, 208 
 
 Barry, Mark 234 
 
 Barton Aqueduct 93 
 
 Barton, George xi 
 
 Bassnett, Rev. Richard .. 293 
 Bate, Elizabeth, murdered. 172 
 Bateman's Buildgs., Deans- 
 gate, on fire 252 
 
 Bateman, William 204 
 
 Baths : Green<<ate & Miller 
 Street, 270; May field, 303; 
 Medical Vapour Institn., 
 183 ; Osborne Street, 395 ; 
 Pendleton, 421 ; Public, 
 erected, 108; Ball in aid of 249 
 Baths and Laundries Co. . . 267 
 Baths and Washhouses .... 233 
 Baths & Washhouses, Leaf 
 
 Street, Hulme 282 
 
 Battersbee, Thomas xi 
 
 Battle of the Nile celebrtd. 126 
 Battv's Circus burned down 217 
 Battye, Thomas .. 123, 125, 149 
 
 Baxter, Francis xiii 
 
 Bayes, Rev. Joshua 85 
 
 Bay es, Rev. Samuel 85 
 
 Bavley, Ann 121 
 
 Bay ley, Christopher, spy.. 48 
 
 Bayley, Rev. Cornelius, D.D. 115 
 
 127, 143, 204 
 
 Bavley, Sir Daniel 190 
 
 Bayley, Daniel .... 96, 121, 130 
 
 Page 
 
 Bayley, E. C 212 
 
 Bayley, Mrs. Elizabeth 96 
 
 Bayley, Ven. H. V 229 
 
 Bayley, James, jun 92 
 
 Bayley, Jas., sen. . . S5,90,96,100 
 Bayley, James, High Sheriff 139 
 
 Bayley, Rev. James 139 
 
 Bayley, Rev. Dr. Jonathan. 352 
 
 Bayley, Sir E. C 281 
 
 Bayley, Samuel 106 
 
 Bayley, Thomas 261 
 
 Bayley, T. B., 96, 98, 102,108, 114 
 
 126,127, 130, 190, 212, 229, 2S0 
 
 Bayley, W. B 280 
 
 Bazaar in aid of Lyceums.. 212 
 Bazaar, Deansgate, erected 182 
 Bazley, Sir Thos xiii, 235 
 
 276-7, 296, 311, 317, 340, 414 
 
 Beaconsfield, Lady 333 
 
 Beaconsfield, Lord, 229, 27S, 333 
 Beard, Rev. J. R., D.D.. .. 431 
 
 Beardoe, James 307 
 
 Beardsall, Rev. F 217 
 
 Beauties, Manchester .... 75 
 Beaver'sCottonMills, Fire at 205 
 
 Becke, Rob x 
 
 Becke, Thomas x, xi 
 
 Beck, William xiii 
 
 Becker, L. E 313 
 
 Bedford, Giles 218 
 
 Bedson, George 322, 410 
 
 Beecher, Rev. Henrv Ward 291 
 Beehive CottonMill fires 215, 282 
 
 Beeston, W. H 207 
 
 Beever, Jonathan xiii 
 
 Began, Martin 147 
 
 Behan, — , kicked to death 268 
 Behrens, Portland St., fire 425 
 Belgian Volunteers in Mch. 30S 
 
 Bell, Dr. C. W 239 
 
 Bell, George, M. D 428 
 
 Bell, James 39 
 
 Bell, John 100 
 
 Bell, John Gray 301 
 
 Bell, J. Z 225 
 
 Bell, William x, xiii 
 
 Belle Vue Gardens 319 
 
 Bells of New Town Hall . . 365 
 Bells of St. John's Church.. 99 
 Bells, St. Thomas's, Pndltn. 230 
 
 Bellhouse, David 211 
 
 Bellhouse,D.&Sons, Fire at 165 
 
 Bellhouse, E. T 384 
 
 Bellman appointment .... 211 
 
 Bellot, Thomas 272 
 
 Benbow 427 
 
 Benedictines, Order of ... . 40 
 BennetSt.SundaySchool 155,243 
 Bennet, C, infant linguist 69 
 
 Bennett, George 19S 
 
 Bennett, James 322 
 
 Bennett, Captain H. A 39? 
 
 Bennett, Rev. John 112 
 
 Bennett, Alderman J. M., xii 
 293, 309, 317, 319, 400 
 
 Bennett, William 404 
 
 Bennett's Factory burned.. 144 
 
 Bent, Charles 378 
 
 Bently, Rev. T. R 405 
 
 Bent's, Mrs. , charity 102 
 
 Berry, John 82 
 
 Berry, Rev. Peter R 407 
 
 Berry. Richard xiii 
 
 Best. John 77 
 
 Best, W. T 363 
 
 Beswick, George 209 
 
 Beswick, John 85, 86 
 
 Beswick, John x
 
 Index. 
 
 435 
 
 Page 
 Bes wick, Madam, buried.. 315 
 Beswick, Richard . . 24, 200, 233 
 
 Beswick, Mr. Supt 219 
 
 Betting Clubs.... 280, 282, 418 
 419, 420, 422, 423 
 
 Betts, Edward 97 
 
 Bexley, Lord 170 
 
 Bexter, Mrs 259 
 
 Bexwicke, Captain (50 
 
 Bexwick, Roger x 
 
 Bible Christian Church — 141 
 Bible Society. Mchr. Auxl. 141 
 
 Bibliograpkiana 14S, 153 
 
 Bill, John 263 
 
 Billiard Club 122 
 
 Billings, James xi 
 
 Bindloss, Richard xiii 
 
 Bingham, H. B 190 
 
 Binney, E. W 386 
 
 Birch, Colonel 59, 63 
 
 Birch, Sergeant-Major .... 56 
 
 Birch, Ven. E 2S3 
 
 Birch, Rev. Eliezer 77 
 
 Birch, George x 
 
 Birch, Isaac 143 
 
 Birch, Rev. H. M 405 
 
 Birch, John x 
 
 Birch, John Peploe 96 
 
 Birch, Josiah 114 
 
 Birch, Rev. Peter, D.D.. .. 78 
 
 Birch, Roger xiii 
 
 Birch, Rev. R 64 
 
 Birch, Samuel 92 
 
 Birch, Samuel, Thos., and 
 George, endow a school.. 88 
 
 Birch, Thomas xi 
 
 Birch, Tlmmas 96 
 
 Birch, William, Warden ... 33 
 Birch's Orphanage Bazaar.. 353 
 
 Birchby, W. G 422 
 
 Bird, John. Bishop of Elv.. 27 
 Birley, Herbert, 275, 324, 325 
 
 339, 340, 425 
 Birley, Hugh, M.P., 329, 340 
 
 317, 363, 396 
 Birley, Hugh H., xii, 161, 165 
 
 1S9, 214, 233 
 
 Birley, H., H. and A 316 
 
 Birle v. Richard xii, 259 
 
 Birley, Rev. Robert 282 
 
 Birley, T. II 412 
 
 Birley, Rev. William 296 
 
 Birtenhead, John 71 
 
 Birtles, Henry xiii . 
 
 Bishop, Sir H. R 255 
 
 Bishop of Manchester appt. 241 
 
 Bishopric Bill 241 
 
 Bispham, Dr. Samuel .... 50 
 Bispham, Dr. Thomas .... 50 
 Black &, White Exhib'n, 347, 865 
 
 Blackburn, William 164 
 
 Blackburne, Isaac 180 
 
 Blackburne, Jno., M.I'., 166, 180 
 Blackburne, J. Irel iml . . .. 130 
 Blackburne, T., LL.D., 128, 166 
 Blackburne, Mr., visit ... 84' 
 Blackfriars Bridge, 94, 152, 158 
 155, 159, 228, 214 
 
 Blackie, J. s 100 
 
 Blacklev Chapel built.. ..23, 59 
 
 Blackloik, Benry 329 
 
 Blacklook, W. T. 
 
 Blackwall, John 880 
 
 Blair, Stephen 307 
 
 Bland, Lady Ann 75, 81 
 
 Bland, Sir John, Bart 72 
 
 Blaney, Rev. Rowland 202 
 
 Blanketeors' meeting 151 
 
 Page 
 Bleaching Goods Theft Act.. SO 
 
 Bleaching 95, 116 
 
 Blind Asylum (see Hen- 
 
 shaw's) 141, 191,106 
 
 Blind People, meeting .... 315 
 Blood, Captain Andrew, 
 
 executed 85, S6 
 
 "Blood-wipes" 37 
 
 Bloomerism 259 
 
 Blundevillc, Randulph de, 
 grants charter to Salford. 10 
 
 Board of Guardians 252 
 
 Boardman, John xiii 
 
 Boardman , Samuel 52 
 
 Bohanna, James 196 
 
 Boiler Explosions: At Chap- 
 man and Holland's, 310 ; 
 Dickinson's, Elm St., 2S3; 
 Elce & Co.'s, 214; Fatal, 
 at Gisborne and Wilson's, 
 207 ; Fatal, 231 ; Hunt's, 
 Miller's Lane. 255; I..&Y. 
 Rly. Co.'s Wagon Shops, 
 282; T. Riley's, 243; Sharp, 
 Stewart, &, Co.'s works, 
 
 275 ; Williamson's 256 
 
 Bolton, Frances Elizabeth, 
 
 married 1 50 
 
 Bolton, George 37 
 
 Bolton, Samuel, D.D 62 
 
 Bonaparte, Prince Jerome, 
 
 visits Manchester 190 
 
 Bond, Thomas 420 
 
 Bonding Warehouse ..227, 282 
 
 239 
 " Book of Sports " promul- 
 gated 49 
 
 Book, First, printed in Man- 
 chester 59, 65. 77 
 
 Booker, John 65 
 
 Booksellers, Early 428 
 
 Booth, Benjamin ....xiii, 429 
 
 Booth, Captain 56 
 
 Booth, Sir George 63 
 
 Booth, John Gore xiii 
 
 Booth, II., the younger, 
 
 charities 311, 312 
 
 Booth, Humphrey, elder.. 52 
 Booth, Humphrey, the 
 elder, founded Salford 
 
 Chapel 51 
 
 Booth Trustees incorporatd. 
 by Act of Parliament . . 23S 
 
 Booth, John, warden 22 
 
 Booth, Robert 92 
 
 Booth, Thomas, del 24 
 
 Booth, Alderman Wm . . xii, 397 
 Booth kicks I'.L'han to death 'Jos 
 
 lioothby, James 143 
 
 Bootle, Edward xi 
 
 Bootle, Matthew xi 
 
 Bordeaux Ducde, visits M. 223 
 Borough Gaol, BydeRd., 247,255 
 Borough, proposal for mak'g 
 
 Manchester a 95 
 
 Boi'oughreeves, Last of|the 239 
 
 Boroughrecves x. xiii 
 
 Boroughreove, Privilege of 
 
 choice of 3s 
 
 Borron, Edward xi 
 
 Borron, James xi 
 
 Borton. Capt. II. M 
 
 Bostock, Prances, murderM 218 
 
 Botanical Gardens L82 
 
 Botanical <t Horticultural 
 
 Society 17 
 
 Bothe, Thomas del, and 
 Salford Bridge 19 
 
 Page 
 
 Bottomley, James 209 
 
 Boult, Mr 212 
 
 Bourne, Rev. William, 44, 46 
 52, 55, 57, 68 
 
 Boutflower, Rev. H. C 290 
 
 Bowden, Edwards, & Foster 
 
 yard accident in 316 
 
 Bowden, Sarah 153 
 
 Bowden, T 121 
 
 Bower, Benjamin xi, 100 
 
 Mower, Jeremiah xi 
 
 Bower, Mdes xi, 91 
 
 Bower, Miles, sen 91 
 
 Bowers, Miss Georgiana . 336 
 
 Bowers, Dean G. II 240, 336 
 
 Bowers, Jeremiah 91 
 
 Bowes, John 346, 378 
 
 Bowes, Robert A 378 
 
 Bowker, Adam, fined .... 58 
 
 Bowker, Peter, fined 58 
 
 Bowker, Robert xi 
 
 Bowker, Robert, felon .... 182 
 Bowker, Alderman W. , xii, 313 
 Bo wring. Sir John, Visit of 321 
 
 Boyer, Pierre 346 
 
 Boys' Refuge 395 
 
 Brabazon, Lord 403 
 
 Brabourne, Lord 400 
 
 Bracewell, John 233 
 
 Bradbury, Charles 308 
 
 Bradbury the clown 141 
 
 Bradbury, Rev. David 285 
 
 Bradbury, John Leigh .... 173 
 
 Bradbury, Robert 187 
 
 Bradbury, Thomas 84 
 
 Bradford Reservoir demol. 140 
 
 Bradley, F., executed 218 
 
 Bradley, Richard 183 
 
 Bradley, Rev. Samuel .... 285 
 Bradley, S. M., P.R.C.S. .. 377 
 Brdfrd.-cum-Beswk.tollbar. 408 
 Bradford incorprfcd.. 414,423, 425 
 
 Bradford, John, martyr 30 
 
 Bradley, Richard S. J 58 
 
 Bradley, William 271 
 
 Bradshaw, Capt Jas.,exec. 86 
 
 Bradshaw, Edward 72 
 
 Bradshaw, George 265 
 
 Bradshaw, James 53 
 
 Bradshaw, Jer xi 
 
 Bradshaw, John 104 
 
 Bradshaw, John 53, 186 
 
 Bradshaw, John, FS.A ... 151 
 
 Bradshaw, R, H L93 
 
 Bradshato'sM' Chester Journal 213 
 Braham, John, married.... 150 
 
 Braid. James 264, 280 
 
 Braidley, Benj xii, 198, 282 
 
 Braithwaite, II 
 
 Br.unall. Charles, jun xiii 
 
 Bramwell, t Iharles xiii 
 
 Brandt, c. F xi 
 
 Brandt, Robert 287 
 
 Brassey, — , pugilist 262 
 
 Brazil, Princess [mpei in! ol 
 
 Bremner, 3 A 862 
 
 Brennan, John, tnurdi red.. 3114 
 
 Brett, Lord Justice 375 
 
 Brett, Mrs ,11 
 
 Brett, Sergeant .. ,.308, 809, 312 
 
 Brettargb, John s. r >, 168 
 
 Brewers, Number of 199 
 
 Brian, Martin 8, 25 
 
 Brick houses built 71 
 
 ike, Bishop Ralph. . 68 
 
 Bridgman, Bishop 50 
 
 Bridges ; Areh of Hanging 
 Bridge discovered, 176 ;
 
 436 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page 
 Broughton, 13S; Bro'ghtn 
 Suspension opened, 173 ; 
 Broughton Suspension 
 gave way, 1S4 ; Hunt's 
 Bank, 173 ; Salford to 
 
 Strangewys Act 150 
 
 Bridgewater, Francis,Dkof 131 
 
 Bridgewater Viaduct 214 
 
 Bridgwater Canal 92, 93, 1S2, 203 
 Brierley, Ben, Testimonial 404 
 
 414 
 
 Brierley, James xii, 1(50 
 
 Brierley, James, J.P 216 
 
 Briggs, Dr.,V.A 240,246 
 
 Briggs, Sir Jonathan 102 
 
 Briggs, Thomas 234,379 
 
 Bright, Jacob 296, 309, 317 
 
 340, 357 
 
 Bright, John 227, 240, 249 
 
 261, 271, 2S0, 303, 305, 361 
 
 365, 366, 367, 373, 375, 406 
 
 Brindley, James ..100, 122, 131 
 
 British Archa?ological Assn. 254 
 
 British Association 217, 285 
 
 British Med. Assn., 315; 
 
 Conference 364 
 
 British Temperance Assn.. 227 
 British Temperance League 304 
 
 British Volunteer 133 
 
 Brittain, Thomas 401 
 
 Bronte, Charlotte, 257, 263 ; 
 
 Visits Manchester 238 
 
 Bronte, Emily 23S 
 
 Bronte, Rev. Patrick 23S 
 
 Brook, Rev. Henry 92 
 
 Brooke, Sir James 274 
 
 Brooke, Samuel 73 
 
 Brookes & Dugdale's, fire at 209 
 Brookes, Rev. Joshua .... 164 
 
 Brookes, Warwick 406 
 
 Brooks, John xii, 251 
 
 Brooks, Sarnuel 251 
 
 Brooks, William 251 
 
 Broom, John xiii 
 
 Broomhead, Rev. Rowland 159 
 Brotherton, Edwd. 2S2, 292, 302 
 Brotherton, Joseph, 271 ; 
 elected M.P., 193, 200, 213, 
 
 254, 261, 275, 325 
 
 Brough, Robert B 2S L 
 
 Brougham, Lord 194, 305 
 
 Brougham, Matthew 350 
 
 Broughton Bridge built . . 138 
 
 Broughton Ford 212 
 
 Broughton, Incorporation 
 
 with Salford 263 
 
 Broughton Silk Mills de- 
 stroyed by fire 250 
 
 Broughton, Thomas 143 
 
 Brown, Dr. V. A 240, 246 
 
 Brown, Edward 1S6 
 
 Brown, John xii 203 
 
 Brown, Rev. J. B 270 
 
 Brown, Dr. Philip 106 
 
 Brown, Robert 52 
 
 Brown, Thomas 79 
 
 Brown, Capt. Thomas .... 288 
 Brown, Sir W., M.P. ..227, 241 
 
 Browness arrested 273 
 
 Brownsword, Thos x 
 
 Brown-Westhead, J.P 331 
 
 402, 432 
 Brown-Westhead, Lt-Col. 
 
 G.E 331 
 
 Bruce, H. A 311 
 
 Bruce, Rev. James 192, 2S5 
 
 Buchan <fe Shaw's Factory 
 burned down 135 
 
 Page 
 
 Buchanan, Robert 302 
 
 Buckley, Sir Edmund .... 318 
 
 Buckley, Edmund xii 
 
 Buckley, James 143 
 
 Buckley, Joseph xiii 
 
 Bude Light 218, 219 
 
 Bud worth, Joseph 148 
 
 Bullbaiting 41 
 
 Bulla of gold found 18 
 
 Bulloch Smithy Gazette .... 186 
 
 Bullock, Wm x 
 
 Bunting, Rev. J., D.D., 274, 305 
 
 Bunting, T. P 274, 305 
 
 Bunting, Rev. W. M 305 
 
 Burchell, Thomas 115 
 
 Burd, Aid. Wm 247 
 
 Burdekin, Mr., absconded 220 
 
 Burder, John 243, 401 
 
 Burdett, Fanny 246 
 
 Burdett-Coutts, Baroness . . 353 
 
 Burgess, Henry xiii 
 
 Burgess, H. W 319 
 
 Burgess, John xii 
 
 Burial Act 272 
 
 Burial Charges 58 
 
 Burial Ground 9S 
 
 BurialG rounds, AshleyLane 114 
 BurialG rounds, St.Stephen's 
 Church, Salford, cons .... 153 
 
 Burials in St. Ann's 77 
 
 Burke, Mr., Murder of .. .. 388 
 
 Burleigh, Lord 39 
 
 Burmese War Medals 267 
 
 Burn, John 226 
 
 Burnell, Robert 5S 
 
 Burritt, Elihu 260 
 
 Burrows, James, executed.. 304 
 
 Bm-t, James xii 
 
 Burt, T 390 
 
 Burton, Rev. C, D.C.L.. 159,304 
 
 Burton, Rev. James D 152 
 
 Bury and Bolton Canal. . . . US 
 
 Bury, James, jun xiii 
 
 Bury, John xiii 
 
 Bury, Richard xiii 
 
 Bury, Thomas 198 
 
 Butchers' Licences 373 
 
 Butler, Samuel W 233 
 
 Butler, William 49 
 
 Butter in bread, Order 
 
 against 42, 43 
 
 Butterworth, Ann 82, 96 
 
 Butterworth, Edwin 245 
 
 Butterworth, James 201 
 
 Butterworth, Thomas.. 82, 121 
 Butterworth's warehouse, 
 
 Union Street, fire at .... 333 
 Buxton and Son's premises, 
 Oxford Rd., burned down 161 
 
 Buxton, Michael xi 
 
 "Buxton, Richard 294 
 
 By land, Rev. Samuel 57 
 
 Byng, Admiral 91 
 
 Byrom, Dorothy 93, 125 
 
 Byrom, Miss Eleanor 203 
 
 Byrom, Miss Eliz. .94,9S,106,129 
 Byrom, Edward, xi, 101 ; 
 
 Fined, 5S, 98, 99, 150, 171, 203 
 Byrom, John, 94 ; fined, 58, 
 79,80,S2,S5,S6,S7,94,101, 100,125 
 
 Byrom, Martin S 
 
 Byrom, Phcebe 110 
 
 Byrom, William xi 
 
 Bvron, Henry 404 
 
 Byron, H. J 403 
 
 Byron, Sir John 28 
 
 o 
 
 Cab, First 207 
 
 ( Isesar, Alice, Lady 47 
 
 Caldecott, Randolph 318 
 
 Caldwell, James H 291 
 
 Caldwell, Miss Mary G. .. 291 
 
 Calendarer 74 
 
 Calico Garden Parties . . 3S9, 395 
 Calico Printing, cylindrical, 
 
 introduced 94, 96, 113 
 
 Callender, W. R., M.P 333 
 
 340, 356 
 Callender, W. R. ..332, 352, 356 
 
 Calvert, Charles 347 
 
 Calvert, Chas., of Oldham St. 170 
 
 Calvert, Dr. F. C 4;l 
 
 Calvert, George 170 
 
 Calvert, Warden Thos.. 166, 210 
 Cambridge, Duchess of . . . . 247 
 Cambridge, Duke ot, visits 
 
 Manchester 275 
 
 Camden, W., describes M.. 40 
 Campbell, Mr., shot whilst 
 
 acting 202 
 
 Canals : 120, 121, 156 ; Ash- 
 ton, 120,126, 127,135,246; 
 Bolton and Bury, 129, 135, 
 183, 186, 194, 202; Hud- 
 dersfield, 121 ; Manchester 
 and South Junction, 207, 
 210; Oldham, 126, 127, 
 246 ; Passenger Packets, 
 100 ; Pleasure Boats, 102 ; 
 Rochdale, 127, 132, 134, 
 137, 138, 191, 197 ; Run- 
 corn Locks, 101 ; See also 
 Bridgewater and Ship 
 Canal. 
 
 Candelet, George 415 
 
 Cannavan, Thomas 143 
 
 Canning, Geo., entertained 
 
 at dinner 144 
 
 Canute and Manchester . . 6 
 Capital Punishment, aboli- 
 tion of 270, 291 
 
 Capitular Revenues 379 
 
 Cappock, Rev. T. executed, 84 
 
 85, 86 
 
 Carbutt, Edward, M.D. ..196 
 
 Card, Nathaniel 269 
 
 Carding 87, 103 
 
 Carlingford, Lord 396 
 
 Carlyle, Thomas 429 
 
 Carnarvon. Earl of 416 
 
 Caroline, Queen 160, 161 
 
 Carpenter, P. P., Ph.D. ..362 
 
 Carpenter, W. B., M.D 256 
 
 Carpenters' Hall 204 
 
 Carpenters' Strike 361 
 
 Carriage Company 377 
 
 Carriages, first, 92 ; Num- 
 ber, 255 ; for hire 303 
 
 Carrington Moss 425 
 
 Carson, Mr 359 
 
 Carter, John 229 
 
 Carter, Oliver 44, :i7, 427 
 
 Carters 285, 304 
 
 Cartwright, Rev. Dr. E. .. Ill 
 
 Cary, Gen. S. F 322 
 
 Cassell, John 294 
 
 Castle Irwell Races 239 
 
 Cathcart, Earl 249 
 
 Cathedral repairs 281 
 
 Cathedral Choirs Festival . . 305 
 
 Catholic 165 
 
 Catholic Club Soiree 386 
 
 Catholic Voluntaiy School 
 Association 413
 
 Index. 
 
 437 
 
 Page 
 
 Catholic Phcenix 165 
 
 Catlin, George 223 
 
 Cattell, Rev. Thos 87 
 
 Cattle Market established, 
 1 02 ; in Cross Lane, 200 ; 
 
 Fair 309 
 
 Cavendish, Lord Frederick 3S8 
 
 Caw, John Young 275 
 
 Cawley, C. K.. M.P 317, 340 
 
 Cemetery Act, 245; Ard- 
 wick, 202; Barpurhey, 
 200; Irwell Street, 184; 
 Rusholme Road, lr. '. ; 
 
 Balford 273 
 
 Census ..184,256,286,330, 3S6 
 
 Centenarians.. ..92, 99, 128, 141 
 
 152, 173, 205, 214 
 
 Central Station 363 
 
 Chadderton, Bishop Wm. 38 
 : 9, n, 15 
 Chadwick Estate Claii 
 
 Chadwick . John, sen 123 
 
 Chadwick Robert xiv 
 
 Ch idwick, Thomas, xi. S5, 
 
 04, 108 ; executed SO 
 
 Chairman of Quarter Ses- 
 sions Salary Act L69 
 
 Challender, Joseph Ms 
 
 Chamber of Commerce li 
 2(M 
 
 Chamberlayne 81 
 
 Ch tpm -1!. Jus., cor r 205, 210 
 
 pman and Hollands, 
 
 Boiler explosion at 310 
 
 Characteristic Si — ... 10'i 
 
 Charil Les, Boi ou br n is'.. 119 
 Ch irities, Loc I. benefit at 
 
 Theatre i; lyal 261 
 
 Charles EL, birthday cele- 
 brate I, 59 : procla oation 
 against him torn, 60 
 c >ronation,64; proclaimd, 
 
 6 1 ; supposed visit 60 
 
 Charles Ed. Stu trt, Prince. 216 
 Charlestown Independi 
 
 Sunday School 178, 181 
 
 Charleton, Geo., suspected 
 
 of coining 30 
 
 Charley, sir W. T 317, 327 
 
 ::' 
 Charter of Manchester en- 
 rolled in Chancery of 
 
 Lancaster 49 
 
 Charter of Incorporation .. 202 
 
 204, 212 
 
 Charter of Salford 10 
 
 Chartists.. 207, 208, 210, 211, 218 
 215, 244, 245, 246, 217 
 248, 255, 
 Chat Moss drain, d, 171 ; 
 Co-operatic e scheme, 181; 
 
 [mpi I 179 
 
 Chatterton, Jacob 183 
 
 Chatt I 'i'h 
 
 intrell, William 22 
 
 .. Mosley .. I 
 Cheeryble Brothers .... 
 Cheese, Griffith 1S4 
 
 I'l tli nn. .1 ones 129 
 
 Cheetham.Jno 
 
 •ham, Sarah 42:; 
 
 n Ball .. . 267 
 
 Buns" 
 
 " i aeahire Rising " 63 
 
 Chess 264, 269, 27.; 
 
 Chesshyre, Edw 220 
 
 byre, Admiral John., 2 !0 
 Chesshyre, Thomas xiii 
 
 Page 
 Chester Bishopric founded. 27 
 
 Chetham, Edward 93 
 
 Chetham, Humphrey, 52, 
 
 60 ; Statue 265 
 
 Chetham, James "2 
 
 Chetham's Hospital and 
 
 Library .. 60, 61, 65, lis, 224 
 Chetham Society founded.. 221 
 Chimney Accidents L94,224, 230 
 
 Cholera 185, 250, 425 
 
 Choral Society 182 
 
 Choristers 427 
 
 Chorlton Chapel 25, S2 
 
 Chorlton Hall 41 
 
 Chorlton, James x 
 
 Chorlton, Rev. John 71 
 
 Chorlton-on-Medlock Cfor- 
 merly Chorlton Row) 
 Improvement Acts, 120, 
 165, 181, 185; Gas, 1S8 ; 
 Infants' School, 170 ; 
 Lyceum, 204 ; Town Hall, 
 ISO : Watchman, 147 ; 
 
 ■■ Kant" 95 
 
 Chowbent, Battle 55 
 
 Christ Church Institute 157-158 
 enings at ( >M Church l." 1 
 Christian Knowl. Soc, Lire 226 
 Christian VII. visits Manr. 98 
 i 'hristi ■in. Prince, visited M 385 
 
 mas Cards 360 
 
 Christopher, William xiii 
 
 S.ND Cbu 
 I ban's, Cheetwood. . . 
 
 Alb.it Memorial 292 
 
 All Saints' 159, 161, 252 
 
 All Souls', Ancoats... 207, 212 
 
 ats Wesley. m Meth.. 17:! 
 
 SI .Andrew's Pres.,LloydSt.l26 
 
 ii- ivisStreet, 
 
 17s, IS:'.: organ opened .. 186 
 
 St, Ann's 00, 104 
 
 St Anne's, Newton Heat 
 
 i it'dW.M.,01dhm.Rd.l95 
 St. Augustine's, Catholic. 159 
 
 Baptist, (it. George St. is;, 257 
 „ Gt. Mount Street. 16S 
 
 ,, Oak Street 171 
 
 „ Rochdale Road .. 116 
 
 ,, Withv Grove 
 
 York Street .... 138 
 St. Barnabas's,01dhamRd. 230 
 St. Bartholomew's, Regent 
 
 i: iad 213, 217 
 
 St. Benedict's, Ardwick.. 879 
 Bible 128, L33 167 
 
 Birch Chapel, Rusholme.. 27 
 
 Blackley 2S 
 
 I tlackley Nonconformist .. 73 
 St. Bride's, Brooks's Bar 
 Brunswii k Wea., Pendltn. 380 
 Cannon St. Congr. .94, I ,6, 285 
 Cathedral (see Collgt. Ch.) 
 
 St. Catherine. Collvhurst Rd.278 
 St. Chads, Roman CathoL 102 
 
 Chorlton 107 
 
 Christ, Acton Square. .179, 184 
 St. Chrysostom.Vict. Pai I 
 
 h oi thi iscnsn.Brtn. 319 
 
 chinch ot lb.lv Name 319 
 
 St. Clement's 107 
 
 ,, Brou •!. ton!. i 
 ,, I enheys .. 381 
 ,, Lever Street.. 120 
 ,, Ordsal 369 
 
 ■ .('h (see Col. Ch.) 
 
 Cngrgtnl., M osley St., after- 
 wards in CavendishSt, 115,157 
 
 Page 
 Churches <fe Chapels — cont. 
 Congregatnl., Chorlton Rd.285 
 DomesticMiss. RochdaleRd,263 
 Episcopal, Heathfield .... 251 
 EvangelicalFriends'Mtng. 
 House, Grosvenor Street, 
 
 Chorlton-on-Medlock 201 
 
 Friends' Meeting House, 
 
 Mount Street 122, 429 
 
 St. Gabriel's, Hulme..305, 318 
 
 St. George's in the Fields, 
 
 Oldham Road. . . 125, 151, 175 
 
 St. George's, Charlestown. 275 
 
 „ Huli.ie. .. 172, 176 
 
 Greek, Higher Broughton 280 
 
 nheys Congregational 330 
 
 Holy Trinity, Hulmo .... 214 
 
 Independent, Bury New 
 
 Road, spire fell in 270 
 
 Independent, Cannon St. 120 
 ,, Chapel Street 
 
 ,, C.-ou-M 173 
 
 ,, Grosvenor St. 138 
 
 ,, Jackson's Ln. 129 
 
 ,, Liverpool St. 202 
 
 ,, Oxford Road. 195 
 
 ,, Pendleton ... 210 
 
 ,, RusholmeRd.171,173 
 Indpnt.Meth.Shaw8t.opn. 138 
 
 Irwell Street Wes. Meth.. 173 
 St. James's, Broughton... ::71 
 
 ,, Collyhurst 340 
 
 ,, Iron, Moss Side 372 
 
 ,, George Street. 115 
 
 ,, Hope 236 
 
 St. James the Less, Ancoats 324 
 Jews'Synagog.,HalliwellSt, 170 
 St.JohntheBapt.Embd'nSt.275 
 
 St. John's 99 
 
 ,, Canal St., Ancts. 217 
 ,, Deansgatc, 98,358, 
 370;Chi. l i.el'irst 
 
 riagein, 132; Re-roof. 164 
 St. John the Evangelist, 
 
 Cheetham Hill 821, 329 
 
 11 r. Broughton. . 197, 208, 249 
 
 Miles Platting 268 
 
 St. John's, Longsight, 232, 237 
 
 ,, R anaii i latholic. 268 
 
 St. Jos ph's, R. C. , RegentRd. 327 
 
 St. Jude's 195 
 
 ,, Canal street 199 
 
 St. Lawrence, Denton.... 26 
 
 st. Luke's, Bedford street 134 
 
 Cheeth'mHill,191,208 
 
 „ C.-on-M 276 
 
 ,, Weaste 296 
 
 st.M irgaret's,WhalleyRng.24S 
 st. Mark's. Cheetham Hill 121 
 
 „ City Road 557 
 
 „ Gorton 301 
 
 >t, Martin's 336 
 
 St. Mary's, l'eansgate..90, 91 
 ,, Ball and Cross.. 167 
 
 ,, I- lok 368 
 
 ,, Hulme 275 
 
 ,, First banns .... 137 
 
 R.C.,Mulberry8t. 121 
 
 Palmerston St.. 363 
 
 Ardwick.. 316 
 
 ,, Liverpool Head 166 
 
 r dfeton 154, 169 
 
 St. Matthias's, salford, 214,217 
 
 ,, consecrated .. 220 
 
 Methodist, Birchin Lane.. 88 
 
 Meth B.BBI I norSt. 196 
 
 list, swan Street .. 140 
 
 Meth. New Con., Broad St. 137
 
 438 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page 
 
 Churches & Chapels— eont. 
 
 Meth. New Con., Peter St. 191 
 
 „ Strngwys. 256 
 
 St. Michael's, Angel St — 115 
 
 „ Hulme 293 
 
 Lavender St.. 290 
 New Jerusalem, Peter St.. 120 
 Newton Chapel, Act for 
 
 rebuilding 145 
 
 Newton Heath 37 
 
 Oldham Road Wes. Meth. 173 
 Oldham Street Wesleyan.. 893 
 
 St. Patrick's, R.C 1S5, 236 
 
 St. Paul's, C.-on-M.. . .283, 287 
 
 ,, Kersal 256, 261 
 
 „ Stretf ord Road . . 266 
 ,, Turner Street, 90,310 
 St. Peter's, Mosley Street, 
 
 115; Dome added 166 
 
 St. Peter's,01dhamRd., 277,279 
 
 StPhilips's, Bradford, 250, 253 
 
 , , Chester Street 282 
 
 ,, Salford.. .. 170, 177 
 
 Presbyterian, GrosvenorSq. 251 
 
 „ MillSt.,Ancts. 201 
 
 „ New Windsor. 129 
 
 ,, Ormond Street 226 
 
 Prim. Meth., Jersey St. .. 168 
 
 Richmond Indpnt. Salford 236 
 
 R.C.Cthdrl., Salford, 03: nd. 246 
 
 R. O, Cheetham Hill Rd.. 240 
 
 Sacred Trinity, Salford . . 51 
 
 Salford Bridge 24 
 
 St. Saviour's, C.-on-M 198 
 
 Scotch Kirk, St. Peter's Sq, 187 
 
 Scotch Pres., St. Peter's Sq. 184 
 
 St. Silas's, Ashton Old Rd. 219 
 
 ,, Higher Ardwick 214 
 
 St. Simon's, Salford 232 
 
 ,, Springfield Lane 249 
 St. Simon <fc St. Jude, 214, 217 
 St. Stephen's, City Road.. 316 
 
 ,, C.-on-M 265 
 
 ,, Hulme .... 320 
 
 ,, Salford 121 
 
 Stowell Memorial 319 
 
 Stretford 28, 77 
 
 Swedenborgian Temple, 
 
 Bolton Street, opened . . . 144 
 Swedenborgian Confernc, 
 
 at Peter Street 172 
 
 Synagogue of British Jews 274 
 Synagogue for Spanish and 
 
 Portuguese Jews 340 
 
 Tent Methodist 195 
 
 „ Canal Street 164 
 
 St. Thomas's, Ardwick ... 83 
 
 ,, PaddingtonSt. 270 
 
 ,, Pndltn., 97, 104,180 
 
 ,, Red Bank, 221, 227 
 
 Trinity, Rusholme 237 
 
 „ Salford, 89; Organ 117 
 Stretford Road... 222 
 
 Trinity Presbyterian 234 
 
 Union, Oxford Road 320 
 
 Unitarian, Brook St.. 201, 207 
 
 ,, Greengate 168 
 
 „ Mosley Street . . 116 
 ,, Strangeways .. 202 
 Welsh Calvinistie Meth., 
 
 Cooper Street 168 
 
 Welsh Indpt., Gartside St. 173 
 
 Wesleyan, Oldham Street 107 
 
 „ Oxford St. ..171, 173 
 
 ,, Regent Road .. 323 
 
 ,, Sussex St., L. B. 314 
 
 Trust Deed 95 
 
 ,, Whalley Range.. 315 
 
 Page 
 
 Churches & Chapels— cont. 
 
 Wes. Meth., BrunswickTr. 146 
 
 „ Chancery Lane.. 153 
 
 „ Cheetham Hill.. 201 
 
 ,, Gravel Lane ... . 117 
 
 „ G.BrdgwtrSt. 128,1 42 
 
 ,, Grosvenor Street 160 
 
 ,, Harpurhey .... 176 
 
 ,, Irwell Street .. 173 
 
 ,, Newton Heath. . 173 
 
 ,, OldhamSt., Panic 147 
 
 ,, Rusholme Road. 171 
 
 Church Assocn. Conference 316 
 
 Church Club 366 
 
 Church Congress 291 
 
 Church Extension Petition 209 
 Churches in Diocese, Amnt. 
 
 of money spent on 360 
 
 Churches, New, Requisition 
 
 against 165 
 
 Churches, Proposal for New 161 
 
 Churches, Saxon 4 
 
 Churchill, Lord A 400 
 
 Churchill, Lord R 3S5, 406 
 
 Church Rate 188, 191 
 
 Church Reform Association 254 
 
 Church Tract Society 144 
 
 Churchwarden Appointm't 
 
 by Traffords, 37 ; Poll . . 210 
 Circus, Batty's, burned dn. 217 
 Circus, Chatham Street, 
 
 taken down 140 
 
 City Art Gallery 396 
 
 City Extension Act, 412, 417 
 420, 421, 423 
 
 City Lantern 407 
 
 City News 292 
 
 Civil War 53 
 
 Clapham, Win., murdered 234 
 
 Clare, C. L. 393 
 
 Clare, Mrs. C. L 411 
 
 Clare, Peter 127 
 
 Clare, Peter, F.R.A.S., 127, 259 
 
 Clarke, Mr 91 
 
 Clarke, Abraham 103 
 
 Clarke, Dr. Adam, 1S6, 118, 131 
 Clarke, George, Charity 
 founded by, 427 ; Private 
 
 Acts 122, 137 
 
 Clarke, Henry, LL.D., 125, 154 
 
 Clarke, Isaac 150 
 
 Clarke, Jeremiah 100 
 
 Clarke, Joseph 158 
 
 Clarke, Be v. Joseph ..253,282 
 
 Clark, Richard 379 
 
 Clarke, W 210 
 
 Clay and Cullingworth's 
 
 warehouse burned down 158 
 Clayton and Gladstone's 
 
 warehouse, fire 220 
 
 Clayton, E. xii, 156 
 
 Clayton, Rev. John ..80, S2, 84 
 
 91, 102 
 
 Clayton, Colonel Thomas.. 193 
 
 Clayton, William 102 
 
 Cleaton, Nicholas 36 
 
 Clegg, Ashworth 155 
 
 Clegg, Sir Samuel 155 
 
 Clegg, Thomas 259 
 
 Clemson <fe Co.'s chimney 
 
 blown down 224 
 
 Cliffe, Robert Warden .... 24 
 Clifton, Colonel Cuthbert. . 55 
 
 Clifton, Rev. R. C 224, 284 
 
 Clifton, Sir Thomas 72 
 
 Climbing Boy 240 
 
 Clinical Hospital and Dis- 
 pensary for Children .... 308 
 
 Page 
 
 Clive, Robert, Lord 76, 96 
 
 Clock, Old Church 95 
 
 Clocks, Lighting 207, 349 
 
 Clough, A. C 406 
 
 Clough House, Failsworth 42 
 
 Clough, James, M.D 215 
 
 Clowes, Col 256 
 
 Clowes, Dorothy, Acts rela- 
 ting to Estates of 170 
 
 Clowes, Geo xiii 
 
 Clowes, Rev. John. .99, 132, 140 
 154, 182, 189, 197 
 Clowes, Rev. Richard ... . . 96 
 Clowes, Samuel.. .. xi, 101, 105 
 123, 128, 188, 140 
 Clowes, Lt-Col., Saml.^un. 127 
 Clowes, Sam'l. Act f <" i- sell- 
 ing his Estates 119 
 
 Clowes, Wm xi, 96, 123 
 
 Club House, Mosley St. sold 191 
 Clunie, Rev. John, LL.D.. 275 
 Coaches (see Carriages, &c.) 90 
 91, 93, 101, 102, 106, 10s, 1 ,3 
 Coal, first three boat-loads 
 
 from Worsley 116 
 
 Coathupe, Edward 313 
 
 Cobb, Rev. Wm 246 
 
 Cobbett, R. B. B 351 
 
 Cobbett, Wm 157, 194, 351 
 
 Cobden, Rd,..194, 242, 249, 260 
 28S 295 '^97 
 Cobden Memorial . . .'. 295' 302 
 Cockburn, Sir A. Lord Chief 
 
 Justice 347, 365 
 
 Cockerill Charles 234 
 
 Cockerill, C. R 243 
 
 Cockerill James xiii 
 
 Cock-fighting Ill, 113 
 
 Cockshoot &. Co.'s Carriage 
 
 Works, fire at 341 
 
 Cocoa Tavern opened 362 
 
 Codrus performed 102 
 
 Coffee Introduced 74 
 
 Coffin made 30 years before 
 
 death 112 
 
 Cogan, Thomas 45 
 
 Coining, Counterfeit 30 
 
 Coins found in Castlefield 1C3 
 
 Cold Ill 
 
 Coleridge, Lord 375 
 
 College of Arts & Sciences 
 
 opened 112 
 
 College converted into 
 Magazine and Prison, 
 5S, 59 ; bought by Chet- 
 ham's feoffees, 61 : dis- 
 solved, 27, 35; fall of gate 43 
 Collegiate Church, after- 
 wards the Cathedral, 19, 
 96, 52, 66, 73, 74 ; Act ap- 
 point'g George II. visitor 
 of, 79 ; Bells, 74 ; Broken 
 into and robbed, 114 ; 
 Brown 'sCharity purchsd. ■' 
 142 ;Churchyardenclos'd 
 15S; Disslvd.& refoundeu, 
 37 ; Estates to be annexd. 
 to St. John's College, 35 ; 
 Fellows fined, 81 ; Gal- 
 leries and pews rebuilt, 
 148 ; Heads exposed' on, 
 39 ; Leases recovered, '92 ; 
 Lord Derby thankei'^ for 
 reforming abuses", 39 ; 
 Panic among • Sunday 
 Scholars, 143 )" Parish 
 Organ rebuilt, 83 ; Peal 
 of ten bells, 169 ; Porch
 
 Index. 
 
 439 
 
 Page 
 rebuilt, 70 ; Received 
 privilege of Sanctuary, 
 27; Refounded, 30 ; Reve- 
 nues, 26 ; Stained glass 
 from, at Messingham, 
 154; Tower Pinnacles fell, 
 119 ; Visited by Archb'p 
 Piers and Fellows ad- 
 monished, 41 ; Warden 
 and Fellows non-resident; 
 Cathedral alterations and 
 restorations, 394; Broken 
 into, 295; Proposed New, 
 342; Tower, 293'; Tower 
 
 completion 314 
 
 Colley, Mr<ssrs. A. and Co., 
 
 Failure o. 351 
 
 Collier and Co. s works 
 
 destroyed 195 
 
 Collier, George .... 26, 27, 30, 32 
 
 Collier, John 113 
 
 Co.'ier, Joseph 429 
 
 Coli er, Josiah xiii 
 
 Colliery Explosion, Clifton 
 
 Hall 421 
 
 Collins, John 211 
 
 Collision at Miles Platting, 
 358 ; at Ordsal Lane .... 282 
 
 Collyhurst 36, 37, 136 
 
 Colportage, Origin of 150 
 
 C imedy Theatre 411 
 
 Comet 91 
 
 Commercial Association . . 235 
 Commercial Hank of Eng- 
 land opened 190 
 
 Commercial Schools, Stret- 
 
 ford Road 233 
 
 Commercial Travellers .... 96 
 Commissioners of Improve- 
 ment, 178, 179 ; Powers 
 transferred to Corporat'n 221 
 
 Comus 366 
 
 Concert Hall, Peter Street, 
 
 opened 184 
 
 Concerts, Promenade, at 
 
 Prince's Theatre 349 
 
 Conduit 35, 40, 104 
 
 Condy, George 214 
 
 Cmia-ience performed 148 
 
 Conservative Assocn.Conf., 
 SO ; Club, Broughton, 
 370; Cmss St.. 860; De- 
 monstrates., 364, 373, 387, 
 391, 106, 419; Festival .. 209 
 Conspiracy, Pretended, in 
 
 L663 64 
 
 Constable Eatg. hisWarrnt. 124 
 Constable, holders of Ty- 
 burn Tickets, exempt 
 
 from being 136 
 
 Const ;il ill I, against 
 
 Chartists 245 
 
 tantine, Grand Duke, 
 
 Itation 240 
 
 Con. ontine the I treat .... 2 
 
 ('"lis* ., utional Soey. est ib. 1 17 
 
 ay, Rev. Moncure D. 90 
 
 Cook, James xiii 
 
 Cook it Hydi I ory,Pire 202 
 
 Cooke, Rev. II.. I '.u 284 
 
 ke,0 'lone! James. .182, 144 
 
 Cooke, .1 ilm xiii 
 
 Cooke, ' 102 
 
 Cooke, Thomas.. ..143, 155, 220 
 
 Cooke, William x 
 
 Cooper Broth rs, Fire at .. 261 
 
 Cooper, 8. X 222 
 
 Cooper, Thomas 205, 219 
 
 Page 
 
 Co-operation.. 180, 200, 202, 213 
 
 " 255, 279, 2S5, 322, 307, 408 
 
 Co-operator 281 
 
 Co-operatire News 829 
 
 Coppock, William 143 
 
 Corn Exchange opened. . . . 199 
 Corn, Scarcity, 122; to be 
 ground at the lord's mill, 
 32 ; sale, 43 ; resembling 
 
 blood 59 
 
 Corn Law Repeal Movemt., 204 
 214, 215, 216, 238, 249 
 
 Coroner 205 
 
 Corporation of Manchester 
 Money Act, 274 ; powers, 
 415 ; recognsd. by church- 
 wardens, 219 ; plate .... 364 
 
 Corporation Street 234 
 
 Corrigan, Michael 246 
 
 Cotton, 28, 35, 38, 47, 53, 83, 
 88, 90, 93, 96, 103, 107, 108, 
 114, 116, 117, 164, 177,181, 
 187, 189, 193, 195, 294, 315, 
 
 382 ; from India 254 
 
 Cotton Famine, 286, 2S7, 
 28S, 2S9, 290 ; Final Mtg. 
 and Report of Relief Com- 
 mittee, 297 ; Presentation 
 to J. W. Maclure, 306; 
 Testimonial to J. Smith, 
 304 ; Memorial Window, 
 Guildhall, 316 : Cardinal 
 Wiseman's Pastoral, 288 ; 
 Mans'n House Fund, 317; 
 Pub. Wks. Bill, 290 ; Loan 292 
 Cotton Supply Association, 274 
 278, 311 
 
 Cotton, Sir A 366 
 
 Cotton, Sir Sydney 296 
 
 Councillors, first election of 204 
 
 Country Words 307 
 
 County Court 165 
 
 Court Leet 29, 30 
 
 Court of Requests 140 
 
 Cowdroy, C. A 176 
 
 Cowdroy, Sarah 163 
 
 Cowdroy, Wm 121, 146, 163 
 
 Cowdroy, William, jun.. .. 165 
 
 Cowen, F. H 424 
 
 Cowgill, Rev. H 401 
 
 Cowherd, Rev. Win. 120, 140, 149 
 
 Cowie, Dean 11. B 400 
 
 Cowopp, Peter x 
 
 Cowper, John C 413 
 
 Cox, Col 304 
 
 Crabtree, William 52, 61 
 
 Crafts and Stells, George 
 
 Stn-et, Fire 212 
 
 Craig, J. W 402 
 
 Craig, W. M 136 
 
 Crane, Edward 94 
 
 Crank and Comb invented. 102 
 
 Crestadoro, Dr. A 289 
 
 Crcwdson, Isaac 226 
 
 Crewdson, Aid. T. D 321 
 
 Croft Breaking 1 14 
 
 Crompton Ct. warehouses 
 burned down 141 
 
 Crompton, Nathan, xl, II 
 
 His " Folly" taken down L51 
 
 ( Irompton, I iapt. Richard . . 165 
 
 t Irompton, Dr. Samuel, L06, 1 1 < 
 
 L74, 818, 315, 360, 6 
 
 Cromwell Bridge 
 
 Cromwell Statue - 
 
 Croom A Whittaker, Fire 
 
 at works of 241 
 
 Cropper, B. Clark 268 
 
 Page 
 
 Croskell, Monsignor 420 
 
 Cross, Charles xii 
 
 Cross, Col. John 132, 133 
 
 Cross, Sir John 219 
 
 Cross, Peter 145 
 
 Cross, R. Assheton 360 
 
 Cross Street Chapel, 72, 76 : 
 
 New Organ 236 
 
 Crossford Bridge 37 
 
 Crosslev, George 155 
 
 Crossley, James ..395,160, 262 
 
 Croston, James 414 
 
 Crouchley, Adam xiii 
 
 Crouchlcy, Rev. Thomas . . 93 
 
 Crowder, Rev. J. H 243 
 
 Crows 38 
 
 Crowther, F 379 
 
 Crowther, James 239 
 
 Crowther, J. C 276 
 
 Crowther, Mrs. Mary 318 
 
 Croxton, Geoffrey x 
 
 Cruikshank, Geo'., 242, 307, 367 
 Crystal Palace, Sun. opng. 264 
 
 Cudmore, Charles 212 
 
 Cudworth, Ralph, D.D.... 49 
 Cumming, Rev. Dr. John.. 319 
 Cunningham, Rev. James . 76 
 
 Currie, James 161 
 
 Curtis, John 413 
 
 Curtis, Matthew., xii, 355, 364 
 
 Curwen, John 377 
 
 Curwen, Mary 374 
 
 Custom House opened 229 
 
 Czartoriski, Princess 101 
 
 Dade, Jonathan, apprehen- 
 ded for forgery 184 
 
 Daintry, Ryle & Co's Bauk, 
 163; stopped payment .. 213 
 
 D'Alton, Count 246 
 
 Dalton Ilall opened 390 
 
 Dalton, Dr. J. 207, 228 ; 
 
 Statue 268 
 
 Danes in Manchester 5 
 
 Dangerous Corner 86 
 
 Darbisbire, S. D 323 
 
 Darby, Ellen 36 
 
 Darby, Rev. John 139 
 
 Darby, Robert, M.D 123 
 
 Darby, Kev \V. A 370 
 
 I larling, George 293 
 
 D'Aubigne, J. II. Merle 233 
 
 Dauntesey, Rev. John 144 
 
 I >aveii]iort, Rd xi 
 
 David's Day, St 414 
 
 Davies, Rd 262 
 
 Davies.Ald. T. xiv, 373, 401, 423 
 
 Davlin, Charles 827 
 
 Daw, John x 
 
 " Dawbe Making" SO 
 
 i (awes, Bishop, sir W 75 
 
 Hawkins, Prof. B 425 
 
 282 
 
 Dawson, Geo., M.A.. ..236, 256 
 Dawson, ('apt. James, oxe- 
 
 . 86; Epigram.. 82 
 
 Dawson, Samuel 167 
 
 Day, Henry 
 
 Hay Nurseries SS4 
 
 Deacon, Charles 85 
 
 Di con, Edward Erastus, 
 
 M.D lit 
 
 n, Rt 85 
 
 Deacon, T. T. B ted 86 
 Deacon, Dr. Thomas, si, 86, 89 
 Deacons, Lay 411
 
 440 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page 
 
 Deaf and Dumb Schools . . . 169 
 
 190, 196, 200, 282 
 
 Deaf <& Dumb Institution 204 
 
 Deakin, Colonel 2S3 
 
 Dean, Act appointing first. 211 
 
 Dean, Rev. James xiii, 285 
 
 Dean, John, D.D 1S8 
 
 Dean, Thomas 184 
 
 Dean's Factory burnt down 128 
 
 Deansgate 49, 182, 319 
 
 Deansgate School 406 
 
 Dearth in Manchester .... 40 
 
 Deasey, Captain 308 
 
 Debts Recovery Act 139 
 
 Dee, Dr. John .... 42, 43, 44, 45 
 De Foe, D., describes Manr. 79 
 
 De Foe, Mercy 83 
 
 De Lacy Inquisition 17 
 
 Delamere, Lord 65 
 
 Delavan, E. C 313 
 
 Denman, Captain 277, 286 
 
 De Quincey, Thomas. . 120, 279 
 Derby Chapel, Coll. Cb... .. 212 
 Derby, Charlotte, Countess 
 
 of 57, 61 
 
 Derby, Earls of 24, 27, 28 
 
 30, 36, 38, 39, 41, 59, 192 
 297, 301, 309, 320, 375, 3S4 
 Description of Manchester . . 109 
 Destitute Children's Dinner 
 
 Society 310 
 
 Detrosier, Rowland 157 
 
 Devereux, Dr. Daniel 246 
 
 Devlin, Patrick 246 
 
 Devonshire, Duke, 324, 338, 376 
 
 Dialect Society 361 
 
 Dickens, Charles. .223, 246, 262 
 302, 316, 322 
 
 Dickens, Fanny 246 
 
 Dickenson, John, xi, 84, 120, 216 
 
 Dickenson, W. C 120 
 
 Dickins, Thomas 391 
 
 Dickinson's, Boiler explos. 283 
 
 Dickonson, Henry xi 
 
 Dickonson, Michael x 
 
 Dickonson, Samuel xi 
 
 Dickson, Corporal 84 
 
 Didsbury IS, 79 
 
 Diggle, Jane 112 
 
 Dillon, Charles 261 
 
 Dillon, Lin 213 
 
 Diocesan Church Associate. 311 
 Diocesan ChrchBld.Soc, 256,407 
 
 Diocesan Churchman 373 
 
 Diocesan Conference 354 
 
 Diocesan Temperance Soc. 310 
 Diorama, Cooper Street . . . 170 
 
 Directory, First 101 
 
 Dirt Fair 359 
 
 Disestablishment Meeting. 347 
 
 Dispensaries.. 120, 182, 183, 255 
 
 342, 346, 350, 352 
 
 Dispensary for Sick Chldrn. 316 
 
 Dissenters 71 
 
 Dissenters (see Churches 
 
 and Chapels) 
 Distress among Working 
 
 Classes 199, 214, 218, 374 
 
 Dixon, Elijah 152, 359 
 
 Dixon, Miles xiii 
 
 Dixon, W. Hepworth.. 230, 432 
 
 Dockray, Benjamin 286 
 
 " Doctor " Watson 159 
 
 Dodd, Thomas 167 
 
 Dodd, William 312 
 
 Dog, A faithful 136 
 
 Dog Lion, The Salford Fire 326 
 Dogs for Bear Garden 427 
 
 Page 
 
 Doherty, John 187 
 
 Domesday Book on M. & S. 7 
 Donoghue, T., Murder by. . 314 
 
 Donovan, Daniel 244, 246 
 
 Dore Abbey 17 
 
 Dowlin, Thomas 246 
 
 Down, James 185 
 
 Downes, Rev. Charles 95 
 
 Downes, Francis 50 
 
 Dowson, Rev. H. R 343 
 
 Drake, Madam 92 
 
 Drew, T. H 415 
 
 Drinking Fountain at New 
 
 Cross, 353; Alexandra Pk 359 
 
 Drinkwater, Mr 116 
 
 Drinkwater, Gen. John . . 125 
 Drinkwater, John, M.D. . . 124 
 
 Drinkwater, Peter 129 
 
 Drinkwater, Major Thos.. 124 
 Drinkwater-Bethune, Col. 
 
 John 225, 258 
 
 Drinkwater-Bethune, J. E. 258 
 
 Drop Box Invented 93 
 
 Drowning of three persons 
 
 at Moss Side 277 
 
 Drownings in the Irwell . . 179 
 
 Droylsden Gas Act 280 
 
 Drunkenness , 423 
 
 Ducie Bridge 147 
 
 Ducie Bridge Station 403 
 
 Ducie, Thomas, Lord 112 
 
 Ducie, T. Reynolds, Earl.. 210 
 
 Duckinfield, Robert S7 
 
 Ducking Stool 103 
 
 Ducrow, Mr 192 
 
 Duels 109, 133 
 
 Dugdale, John .. xiii, 191, 193 
 
 Dugdale, Sir William 65 
 
 Duncan, Miss A. E. F 374 
 
 Duncan, Lord, victory over 
 
 Dutch celebrated 125 
 
 Dunckley, Hy. , Testimonial 370 
 
 Dunn the Informer 429 
 
 Dunn, Mr 233 
 
 Dunn, John, hanged 158 
 
 Dunn, Rev. Samuel 250 
 
 Dunraven, Earl of 413 
 
 Dunstan, Richard 212 
 
 Dunstan, Thomas 151, 172 
 
 Dunstan, William 151 
 
 Durnford, Ven. R 308 
 
 Purr, P., murders his wife 323 
 
 Duval, Claude 401 
 
 Duval, C. A 333 
 
 Dwarfs 124 
 
 Dyeing in Manchester . . 12-13 
 
 Dyer, John 222 
 
 Dyer, John Cheeseborough 153 
 
 179, 327 
 
 Dyson, Paul, drowned 243 
 
 Early Closing 236 
 
 Earnshaw, Mr 90 
 
 Earthquakes 90, 98, 104, 122 
 
 149, 194, 220, 262, 291, 318 
 
 Easby, John 262 
 
 Eason, Alexander 123 
 
 East India Yarns 83 
 
 Eastern Question 366, 367 
 
 Eaton, Robert 76 
 
 Eaves Dropping 36 
 
 Ebony Phenomenon 250 
 
 Ecclesiastical Commissnrs. 38 
 
 Eddleston, Daniel xiii 
 
 Edensor, W. J xii 
 
 Edge, James xi 
 
 Page 
 
 Edge, William xi 
 
 Edinburgh, Duke of, visit 
 
 to Manchester 385 
 
 Edmonds &■ Co., James 131 
 
 Edmondson, Nathaniel 74 
 
 Edmondson, Thomas 274 
 
 Education Aid Society, 292, 
 
 302 ; Manches. & Salford 
 
 Bill, 258, 260: Factory Bill 
 
 Education Clauses, 222; 
 
 Conferences, 311, 410 ; 
 
 National Society, 201 ; 
 
 Secular, 249, 254 ; Volun- 
 tary 282 
 
 Edwards, Edward 262, 276 
 
 Edwin Conquers Mnchstr. , 
 
 and is baptised at York.. 4 
 Egerton (see Wilton & Grey 
 
 de Wilton) 146 
 
 Egerton, Hon. Algernon . . 291 
 
 Egerton, Lord F 213, 217 
 
 224, 229, 271 
 Egerton Schools, RegentRd. 304 
 
 Egerton, Thomas 256 
 
 Egerton, Sir Thomas, 91, 98, 106 
 Egerton, Hon. Wilbraham 213 
 276, 305 
 Elce & Co's Works, Boiler 
 
 Bursting 214 
 
 Elections, Parliam'tary (see 
 
 Parliamentary Elections) 
 Elias, the Manchester 
 
 Prophet 34 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen, Libel9 agst. 
 Ellesmere, Countess of ... . 355 
 Ellesmere, Earl of .. ..316, 319 
 Ellesmere, Francis Earl of 271 
 
 Ellis & Norton's Fire 219 
 
 Ellis Foster 181 
 
 Ellis Henry 246 
 
 Elsdale, Rev. R., D.D 201 
 
 207, 253 
 
 Emerson, J. Curtis 417 
 
 Emerson, R. W 242, 337 
 
 Emigration Aid Society .. 290 
 " Emma," Loss of the . ..175 
 Engineering Chairat Owens 
 
 College 306 
 
 Entomological Society 272 
 
 Entwisle, James xi, 196 
 
 Entwisle, Richard 196 
 
 Entwisle, Wm., M.P... 196, 215 
 227, 270 
 
 Entwistle, John 198 
 
 Errington, Rt. Rev. Bishop 
 
 of 257 
 
 Erskine, Col 305 
 
 Estates Parliamentary Act 319 
 
 Estcourt, John Hart 860 
 
 Ethelburga, at Manchester 4 
 Ethelfrith conquers South 
 
 Lancashire : 4 
 
 Ethelston, Rev. C. W. . 1 21 , 129, 180 
 
 Ethelston, Rev. E 121 
 
 Eugene, Empress, Visit of.. 283 
 
 Evans, F. W 330 
 
 Evans, James 171 
 
 Evans, Thomas xii, 207, 297 
 
 Evans, William 396, 285 
 
 Evans, Sir W. D., 151, 154, 
 
 164; Appt. Stipendiary.. 145 
 Eveleighfc Son's fctry. brnt. 233 
 
 Evening News 396 
 
 Eveiett,Hon.E., Address to 217 
 
 Everett, Rev. James 250 
 
 Ewart, Ensign Charles 235 
 
 Ewart, Peter 218 
 
 Examiner 235-
 
 Index. 
 
 441 
 
 Page 
 
 Exchange, 80, 120, 137, 140, 
 143, 208, 249, 254, 303, 300; 
 Free Trade Ha 1 used as 
 
 Exchange 310 
 
 Exchange Station 405 
 
 Exhibtn. of Art Manufctrs. 270 
 
 Exhibition, Great 202 
 
 Exiles 38 
 
 Explosion at Rochdale Hoad 
 Gaswks, 307; at Andrew's 
 works, 163 ; at Salford 
 Brrcks, 379;Gas,atKemp- 
 head's, 199; Fatal, in Pool 
 
 Fold 185 
 
 " Extent " of Manor 17 
 
 Eye Institution 14S 
 
 Factory Act 102, 222 
 
 Faherty, Timothy, exc, 312, 313 
 
 Fairbairn, Sir T 270 
 
 Fairbairn, Sir W.. .202, 285, 342 
 
 Fair k'm 50 
 
 Fairfax, Sir Thomas .... - r >6, r >7 
 
 Fairs 9, 10, 357, 359 
 
 Fairwcather, Mr., fire at his 
 
 factory 200 
 
 Falkner, A 392 
 
 Falkner, (ieorge 213, 392 
 
 Falkner, Matthew 168 
 
 Falkner, Rev. Thomas 110 
 
 Fallows, .lames 310 
 
 Fancy Dress Hill 233 
 
 Farington, Joseph, I!. A. .. 164 
 
 Fanner, .lames xiv 
 
 Fain, J. C 329, 384 
 
 Farrington, Ilenry xi 
 
 Farris, John 170 
 
 Fasts 42, 100, 127 
 
 Faucit, Helen 201 
 
 Faulkner & Co.'s factory, 
 
 Jersey St., burned down. 198 
 Faulkner, — , shot by bis 
 
 cousin 135 
 
 Faulkner, li. R 252 
 
 Faulkner, George 287 
 
 Fawcett, Ilenry :;7'.' 
 
 Feast of Adonis 402 
 
 Feeder invented 100 
 
 Fell, William 243 
 
 Female Penitentiary.. L66, 197 
 
 Pcniauism : Arrest and res- 
 cue from police, 308 ; trial 
 fur shool in/, Brel t . 309 ; 
 execution, 309 : funeral 
 processions, 309 ; special 
 constables, 810 ;suppo i I 
 
 outrage 379 
 
 i i sson, sir .1 124-425 
 
 Ferneley, .Muses 181 
 
 Fernley, .lames 248 
 
 Fernley, John 828, 336 
 
 Ferrand, W. B 
 
 Ferriar, Rev. Alex 147 
 
 Ferriar, Colonel John .... 178 
 Ferriar, Dr. John. 1 17, 163, 17s 
 Ferriar, Colonel T. .1.. 163, 17s 
 
 i published 208 
 
 Fever Hospital, Crumpsall. 804 
 
 Field Naturalist Associate. 2S1 
 
 Fielden, John xi 
 
 Fielden, Samuel "s.-, 
 
 Fielden, Thomas 2:::. 
 
 Fielding, Jeremiah. . . . xii, 21 1 
 
 Fielding, Sir John mi 
 
 Figaro 878 
 
 Fildes, Mr ins 
 
 ** 
 
 Page 
 
 Financial Reform 249,252 
 
 Finch, John 39, 76 
 
 Finley, James 184 
 
 Fitmigan, J. J 246 
 
 Fires : Albert Mill, Hope 
 St., 431 ; Albion Bridge 
 Mills, 236 ; Albion Cotton 
 Mills, Great Bridgewater 
 Street, 150 ; All Saints' 
 Church, 252 ; Allen's 
 Buildings, 332 ; Alum St. , 
 216 ; Andrew's Greengate 
 Cotton Waste Mill, 282; 
 Athenajum, 338 ; Baerlein 
 & Co.'s, Blackfriars St., 
 ."04 ; Barrack St., Hulme, 
 326; Bateman's Buildgs., 
 Deansgate, 252 ; Batty's 
 Circus, 217 : Beaver's Cot- 
 ton Mills, Miller St., 205; 
 Bee Hive Cotton Mills, 
 215, 282 ; Behren's, Port- 
 land St., 425; Bellhouse 
 and Sons' Saw Mill, 165; 
 Bennett's Factory. Great 
 Newton St., 144; Blakely 
 Street, US; Brennand's, 
 Kersal Moor, 317; Brough- 
 ton Silk Mills, 250; Bu- 
 chan (fe Shaw's Factory, 
 Hr. Ardwick, 185 ; But- 
 terworth's Warehouse, 
 Union St., 383 ; Buxton 
 & Son's Premises, Oxford 
 1M., 161; Calendar House, 
 Bateman's Buildgs , 215 ; 
 Christian Knowldg. Soc, 
 226; Clay and Culling- 
 worth's, and Hudson and 
 Price's Warehouses, Mars- 
 den Sq , 158 ; Clayton k, 
 < i ladstone's Warehouse, 
 220; Cockshoot A Co.'s 
 Carr'go Wks., 841; Cooper 
 Bros.', 261 : Crafts and 
 Stell's, George St., 212 ; 
 Croom and Wliittaker's, 
 Hargreaves street, 241 ; 
 Dean's Factory, 12s; Ellis 
 and Norton's, 219 : Eve- 
 leigh h Son's, Greene, ite, 
 238 ; Factory, Knot Mill, 
 152 ; Fairbairn it Eillie's 
 Foundry, 183 : Fair- 
 weal lier's Faet v,( lambdg 
 st, 200; Fatal, al Holt 
 Town, 859 ; Paulkener A 
 Factory, Jei ey St., 
 Gaytborn Cotton 
 Works, 248 : George St, 
 280 ; Grimshaw s, Knot 
 Mill, 42S; HaUth, Mar- 
 shall, & TidswcH's Ware- 
 house, High >tre ( t. 1 IS ; 
 Hanover Mills, Buxton 
 St., 279 . Hi lam's, Meal 
 Bt, 380; Hilton a: Brad- 
 fa ii h's and Brook 
 
 Dugdalc's, 2oo ; llindlcy's 
 
 Factory, Ancoata, 
 Hoi, son's, Peter St., 21 1 ; 
 Hod kinson A Son, Prin 
 cess St . 391 : I fodson 
 i 18; M i lotton Mill , 
 Irwell Bl Igs, 229; Irwell 
 Found] y. mi: Ji ihnson's 
 Timber Yard, 322 ; Eft u- 
 nedy's Factory, 1 12 : l.an- 
 
 caster'sWks.,Harpurhey, 
 316 ; Lewis & Williams's 
 Mill, Minshull St., 274; 
 Littlewood and Kirby's 
 Cotton Mill, 128; Lock- 
 wood & Thornton's, 21S ; 
 L. and N. W. Ry. Co.'s, 
 Ordsal La., 303 ; Machine 
 Shops in Little Lever St., 
 210; Macintosh & Co.'s 
 Factory, 203 ; Market St., 
 241 ; Market St. and High 
 St., 286; McConnel'sMill, 
 Jersey St., 32S; Medloek 
 Paper .Mill, 187 ; Mouncey 
 and Steadman, 240 ; 
 Nathan's W'house, Lloyd 
 St., 207; Naylor & Co.'s 
 Warehouse, 144 ; Neill & 
 Sons', Lower Broughton, 
 38S; Nelson's Tanyard, 
 Red Bank, 286 ; Newall's 
 Buildings, Market Street, 
 100 ; New Market Hall, 
 113 ; Nichols, Morris, A 
 Compy., Piccadilly, 287 ; 
 Nightingale <fe Co. 's Ware- 
 house, Zara St., 222 ; Nor- 
 ton & Co.'s Dyehouse,137; 
 (lid Fact i n-y, M i lier's Lane, 
 266 ; Old Factory Yard, 
 Miller St., 286 ; ollivant's 
 Factory, Bury St., 134 ; 
 < lwen's,Strangeways,S85; 
 Owen's Toyshop, u 7 < "> ; Ox- 
 Eord Eload Twist Co., 202; 
 Pantechnicon, 354 : Par- 
 allin i >il Shop, Rochdale 
 Rd., 318 ; Parr, Curtis, & 
 Co., 216, 283 : Perry's Cot- 
 ton Waste Warehouse, 276; 
 
 Pollard's Factory, 127 ; 
 
 Read'sFactory, Islington, 
 135 ; Render <B Co.'s Corn 
 Mills, 41 1 : Rcushawitt lo. s 
 li Mill, Adelphi, 210; 
 Rigg's Factory, Black- 
 friars, 237 ; Robertson's 
 Factory, Newton banc, 
 155 ; Robinson's Factory, 
 127 ; Robe A llarwood's, 
 2:'2; Rowley .v Co.'s Fac- 
 tory, i ildfield Lane, 134 ; 
 Rylands's, New High St., 
 26C ; Baalfield's Wareh'se, 
 Dickenson St., 207 : Sack- 
 
 Ville St., 857 ; Salisbury's 
 Factory, 127; Sharp, 
 Roberta, A I !o. '8 Premises, 
 
 170; shaw. Jardine & I la's 
 Cotton Mill, 826 ; Shaw- 
 cross and Barnes's Fac- 
 tory. 180 ; 'smith A Ingle's 
 Works, Throstle 
 Net. 1 58 ; Smith ,\: Raw- 
 son's Mill. Bope Bt., 201 ; 
 i • Factory, 
 
 Is I; Taylor's Shop, Mason 
 
 S( . l92;ThackaryA Sou's 
 Cttn, Fact., 185 ; Theatre 
 Royal. L16 ;TbeativRoy'l, 
 during pert., 285; Thi ii re 
 Royal, Fountain 
 I b.i i de <v. Co., Smithy 
 i, 267 ; Timber Yard, 
 Trafford Bt, 848 ; Union 
 Cam In Co. 1 W ueh'se, 
 Piccadilly, 212; Wallace, 
 
 Page
 
 442 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page 
 Watchurst, & Thompson, 
 255 ; Wareham & Co.'s 
 Cttn. Factory, 128 ; Ware- 
 house, Crompton Court, 
 141 ; Warehouses off High 
 St. , 283 ; Westhead & Co's, 
 Piccadilly, 255 ; Westhd.'s 
 Mill, Brook Street, 346 ; 
 Wheatley's Timber Shop, 
 234; Wood & Foster's 
 Cttn. Factory, 142 ; Wood 
 and Foster's Factory, at 
 Garratt, 135. 
 Fire Brigade, 170, 350, 411, 420 
 
 Fire Escape 233 
 
 Fireman's Dog 326 
 
 Firth, J. F. B 423 
 
 Fisl i er, Robert 36 
 
 Fish Market 309, 337 
 
 Fitzgerald, A. E 424 
 
 Fitzgerald, Edward 372 
 
 Fitzgerald, J. UPurcell, 222, 372 
 
 Fitz-Nigel, William 9 
 
 Fitzroy, Lady Barbara 81 
 
 Flagons, Silver, presented 
 
 to Collegiate Church 74 
 
 Fleming, G. A 200, 204 
 
 Fleming, Thomas, 155, 158, 159 
 168, 192, 262, 375 
 
 Fleming, W., M.D 214, 175 
 
 Flesh meat 43 
 
 Fletcher Endowment 422 
 
 Fletcher, Captain George, 
 
 executed S5, 86 
 
 Fletcher, J. S 387 
 
 Fletcher, John 216 
 
 Fletcher, Mrs. M. J. (see 
 Jewsbury, M. J.) 
 
 Fletcher, J. 0., M.D 344 
 
 Fletcher, Samuel 422 
 
 Fletcher, Thomas 91 
 
 Flodden Field, Battle 26 
 
 Floods in France, Subscrip. 270 
 Floods, 47, 58, 98, 114, 132, 149 
 178, 188. 201, 204, 223, 260, 273 
 282, 306, 317, 318, 333. 380, 384 
 Floral & Hortieul. Society. 16S 
 Flour, Wheat, resolutions 
 
 against 124 
 
 Flower Shows, 314, 362, 367; 
 
 In Peel Park 390 
 
 Fly Frame introduced 153 
 
 Fly Shuttle invented 80 
 
 Food Prices, 90 ; Riots .... 143 
 
 Ford, Charles xi 
 
 Ford, Col 126, 127, 131, 205 
 
 Ford, William, 149, 153, 186, 3S9 
 
 Ford, W. H 389 
 
 Foreign Library founded.. 181 
 
 Forrest, Thomas 313 
 
 Forster, J. Bmyon 398 
 
 Forster, W. E 311,401 
 
 Forsyth, H. A 421 
 
 " Forty-five," Rising of. . 84-85 
 
 Fosbrooke, Thomas xii 
 
 Foster, John F 202, 205 
 
 Fowden, Mr S7 
 
 Fox caught near Peel Park 256 
 Fox, C. J., visits Manch. .. 112 
 
 Fox, George 58, 62, 63 
 
 Fox, James x 
 
 Fox, Rev. Joseph 329 
 
 Fox, Richard x, xi 
 
 Fox, William xii 
 
 Foxley, Robinson, M.D 148 
 
 Foxley, Rev. Thomas ... 91, 93 
 
 Franklin, J. A., M.D 379 
 
 Franks, Henry 41 2 
 
 Page 
 
 Frasei, Donald 217 
 
 Fraser, James, Bishop of 
 Manchester 322, 328, 329, 
 336, 340, 341, 363, 365, 366, 
 367, 368, 369, 371, 379, 380, 
 381, 383, 3S5, 401,411, 424; 
 
 marriage 374 
 
 Fraser, Mrs 383, 385 
 
 Frederick William of Prus- 
 sia, Prince 271 
 
 Free Discussion 307 
 
 Free Lance 306, 370 
 
 Freemasons 307 
 
 Free Templars of St. John . 328 
 
 Free Trade Banquet 262 
 
 FreeTradeHall 220, 260, 270, 285 
 
 Free Trade meeting 223 
 
 Freedom of the Press 122 
 
 Freer, William 163 
 
 French Inundations Relief 
 Committee .... 351, 352, 353 
 
 French Prophets 75 
 
 Friends, Society of SO 
 
 Frost, — 244 
 
 Fn ist, J. G xiii 
 
 Fruit, Sale of 40, 41, 42 
 
 Fry, Mrs., visits NewBailey 155 
 
 Falling Mills 13 
 
 Furnival, Thomas 85,133 
 
 Fustian Tax Ill, 112 
 
 Gadsby, Rev. William .... 225 
 
 Gair, Barbara 1-17 
 
 Galley, Richard x 
 
 Galley, William 24 
 
 Galloway, C. J 343 
 
 Galloway, F., murdered .. 366 
 
 Gaining, Unlawful 
 
 Gannon. Mr 204 
 
 Gardner, Lawrence xi 
 
 Gardner, Lot xiii 
 
 Gardner, Richard, M.P.... 270 
 
 Gardner, Robert 195 
 
 Garnett, Jeremiah .... 162, 324 
 
 Garnett, W., 200, 209, 213, 220 
 
 221, 232 
 
 Garrison, W. Lloyd 308, 362 
 
 Garro w, Mr HI 
 
 Garside, Rev. C. B 357 
 
 Garside, Joseph 357 
 
 Gar-tang, W., murderer .. 336 
 
 Gartside, Robert x i 
 
 Garvock,' Sir John 308 316 
 
 Gas first used, 136; Acts, 168, 
 180, 200, 277 ; Institute, 
 420; Improvements, 402 • 
 Pipes, 208 ; Profits, 182 ; 
 Holt Town works, 187 ; 
 Philips Park works, 366; 
 Rochdale Rd. explosion, 
 307 ; Salford works, 195 ; 
 Water Street works ..... 153 
 
 Gaskell, Mrs 96, 263, 296 
 
 Gaskell, Nathaniel 77, 96 
 
 Gaskell, Rev. Thomas 190 
 
 Gaskell, Rev. W. ..257, 296, 105 
 
 Gaskill, James 157, 19, 
 
 Gastrell, Bishop F 77, 78, 79 
 
 Gatliff, Rev. James [82 
 
 Gatliffe, Rev. John, 91, 125, 224 
 
 Gaunt, Elizabeth 157 
 
 Gavazzi, Father 260 
 
 Gaylor, Charles S5 
 
 Gaynesburgh, W. de 12 
 
 Gaythorn Cotton Works . . 248 
 Gay thorn Mill, Fall of .... 295 
 
 Page 
 
 Gee, Mr 60, 62 
 
 Gee, Henry x 
 
 Gee, Supt. John x, 382 
 
 Geldart, Rev. E. M 415 
 
 Generous Rival performed.. 101 
 Gentlemen's Concerts.. 99,103 
 Geographical Society . . 408, 412 
 
 Geological Society 207 
 
 George III 94, 116, 133, 141 
 
 George IV 158, 159, 163 
 
 Germon, Rev. N 321 
 
 Germon, Rev. N. M 321 
 
 Gerrard, Rev. Rd 48 
 
 Gibb, Duncan 227, 230 
 
 Gibb, William 338 
 
 Gibbons, Thomas, drowned 265 
 
 Gibraltar 105 
 
 Gibraltar Veterans 1!)S 
 
 Gibson, Rt. Hon. E 388 
 
 Gibson, Rev. N . W 389 
 
 Gibson, T. M, 215, 237, 240, 245 
 249, 260, 261, 271, 402 
 
 Gilbert, Rev. N 165 
 
 Gilbody, Alexander 127 
 
 Gill, Thos. O xiii 
 
 Gillmore, Thomas 387 
 
 Gillow, Rev. Henry 199 
 
 Gimcrackiana 201 
 
 Gingham Manufacture. . 93, 99 
 Gisborne & Wilson's, Boiler 
 
 Explosion at 217 
 
 Gladstone, Murray 353 
 
 Gladstone, Robert 316 
 
 Gladstone, W. E., 200, 265, 287 
 
 293 
 
 Glanville, Samuel 93 
 
 Gleave, Joseph 175 
 
 Glebe of Collegiate Church 96 
 
 Glee Club 181 
 
 Gloucester, Duchess of, 
 
 visits Manchester 239 
 
 Gloucester, Duke of, visits 
 
 Manchester 132, 133 
 
 Glover, John 37 
 
 Goadsby, Aid. Thomas, xii, 
 
 287, 297, 302, 355 
 Goadsbv, Mrs. T. (see also 
 
 Heywood, Mrs. A.), 2S9, 307 
 
 313, 355 
 
 God Save the King Riot . . 123 
 
 Godley, John 143 
 
 Gi .ering, Prof. A 311 
 
 Goldschmidt, Mrs 403 
 
 Goldschmidt, P xii 
 
 Goldsmith, R 214 
 
 Golf Club founded 148 
 
 " Good Samaritan" 430 
 
 Good Templars. . . .328, 339, 340 
 
 Goodier, John 409 
 
 Goodier, Robert x 
 
 Goodier, Thos x 
 
 Goodwin, William, in Man. 119 
 Gordon, Gen. C. G. in Man. 309 
 
 Gordon, Gen. Gabriel 480 
 
 Gore, Henry SO 
 
 Gore, J. B xiii 
 
 Gore, Rev. Robert 106 
 
 Gorton, Richard xiii 
 
 Gorton, Robert xiii 
 
 Gorton, Thomas xiii 
 
 Goschen, G. J 417 
 
 Gosnett, Philip 37 
 
 (iospel Propagation Society 291 
 
 < rough, Charles 135 
 
 Gough, J. B 265, 273 
 
 Gough, Nathan 168 
 
 Gould executed 309 
 
 .Gould, George xiii
 
 Index. 
 
 443 
 
 Gould , Nathaniel 158 
 
 Government <'f the Towns 
 
 Mancli & Salf. Acts. 118, 110 
 
 Grammar School.. 25, 45, 55, 71 
 
 105, 138, 18S, 100, 251, 378 
 
 Grant, Christopher x, 47 
 
 Grant, Philip 370 
 
 Grant, Lt.-Gcn. U. S., visits 
 
 Manchester 361 
 
 Grant, William 106, 216 
 
 Grant, William, sen 152 
 
 Granville, Lord 308 
 
 Grave, Aid. John., xii, 32S, 430 
 
 Greatrex, J ames xi 
 
 Greaves, Ed., 103, 109, 144, 168 
 
 Greaves, John, J.P 250 
 
 Green, B. H xiii 
 
 Green, C'ath.,murd.byhusb. 194 
 
 Green, Charles 201 
 
 Green, Robert, supposed 
 
 author of Fair lun 50 
 
 Green Dye for cotton invtd. 104 
 
 Green, Joseph xii 
 
 Green, William 167 
 
 Greenbank, Professor .... 315 
 
 Greengatc Baths 270 
 
 Greengate Cotton Waste 
 
 Mill, fire 282 
 
 Greening, E. 289 
 
 Greenwood, James 143 
 
 Greenwood, John xiii 
 
 Greenwood, John, sen 169 
 
 Greenwood, J. G 391, 425 
 
 Greg, B. II 207, 348 
 
 Greg, Samuel, jun :;4S, 357 
 
 Greg, W. K 385 
 
 ( rj egory, Joseph 367 
 
 Gregson, J. S 201 
 
 < Irene, I Ihristopher 47 
 
 Grenville, Mr., visits Manr. 112 
 Gresloy, All pert, Ith barpin. !) 
 
 Gresley, Alb Baron of Man. 8 
 Gresley, Robt, 5th baron 9, 11 
 Gresley, Robt , 2nd baron.. S 
 Gresley, Robt., 7th baron.. 11 
 Gresley, T., charter to Man. 13 
 Gresley, T. sells Manch. to 
 
 La Warrc 10 
 
 Gresley, T. de, sum. to ParL 16 
 Gresley, Thos., 6th baron .. 11 
 Gresley, Thos., 8th baron 12, 17 
 
 Greswell, Rev. John 141 
 
 Greswell, Thomas 155 
 
 Greswell, Rev. vv. Parr.... 265 
 
 Grey Administration 185 
 
 Grey de Wilton, Lord lis 
 
 Griffiths, John 340 
 
 Griffiths, Rev.Maurice.D.D. 125 
 Griffiths, Rev. William.. .. 250 
 
 Grimes, Mr 165 
 
 Gi Lmee, Margaret,murdi 
 
 « Irimm, Pi f., visits Manr. 240 
 
 Grimshaw, Mr 1 17 
 
 Grimshaw, John 165 
 
 Grim haw . I laptain John . . 196 
 
 Grimshaw, s xii 
 
 Qrindrod i bbtd, 90, 125 
 
 Grindrod, Dr. R. B. .. I 
 
 Groats found ::7 
 
 Grocott, William 268 
 
 Gros de Naples, manufac- 
 ture introduced 166 
 
 er 824 
 
 Grundy, C. 8 xii, . 
 
 Grundy, Rev. John 221 
 
 Grundy, J. C 307 
 
 Grundy, Thomas L 218 
 
 Grundy, Thomas 380 
 
 Page 
 Guardians, Poor Law, first 
 
 election 212 
 
 Guatemala Consulate 403 
 
 Guest, Peter xiii 
 
 Gunpowder Pint 44 
 
 Gutteridge, Thomas, libels 
 Bishop Lcc 245 
 
 Hackney coaches. . . SS, 142, 2(13 
 
 Hadfield, Charles 405 
 
 Hadfiuld, Mrs. E 2S3 
 
 Hadfield, George :;71 
 
 Haigh, Marshall,. SsTidswelTs 
 warehouse burned down. 1 13 
 
 Haigh, Thomas 143 
 
 1 1: i If -holiday 256 
 
 Hall, Sir Charles 399 
 
 Hall, C. R., M.D 286 
 
 Hall, Edward 118 
 
 Hall, Elias 34 
 
 Hall, Mrs. Elizabeth 172 
 
 Hall, Miss Frances 177 
 
 Hall, Rev. F. R., B.D 306 
 
 Hall, G. H xiii 
 
 Hall, James xiii 
 
 Hall, James 117 
 
 Hall, .James 223 
 
 Hall, James 41S 
 
 Hall, John, M.H.C.S 286 
 
 Hall, Richard 128 
 
 Hall, Sir R., Fell.of theColl. 35 
 Hall, Rev.S., 115,126,145,286,306 
 Hall, Kcv. Samuel, jun. .. 275 
 Hall, Mr., saved from drwng. 201 
 
 Hall, Mrs 162 
 
 Ball of Science 207, 253 
 
 Hallam, John 108 
 
 Ballett, II. S 417 
 
 Bailey, Rev. Robert, D.D.. 3 >9 
 
 Halliwell, Richard x 
 
 Halstead, Miss 146 
 
 Ham, Rev. James Panton.. 279 
 
 Hamilton, Andrew 310 
 
 Hamilton, Cornel 109 
 
 Hamilton, l.oril E 403 
 
 Hamilton, Lord P 119 
 
 Hamilton, Lord F. C 425 
 
 Hamilton, Gavin 178 
 
 Hampson, John 181 
 
 Hatnpson, William 218 
 
 Ilan.lv, Mr L25 
 
 Banforth, John 90, 9 1 
 
 Li i , M .. murdi red, 812, 313 
 Hannah. Kcv. John, D.D.. 309 
 
 Hanovei St., Fall of builds . LI*! 
 
 Banover Mills, Buxton St., 
 destroy ed by lire 279 
 
 B J. A 390 
 
 II. uis. in, Bdw x 
 
 llansi in Geo: - 370 
 
 ii - n. Col. ■' 
 
 139, i 12; Dui I i tm 
 |n isoned, I '." ; At Courl 181 
 Iw 32 
 
 Bardcastle, William 
 
 Bardey, Roger x 
 
 l v. V\ i.li mi x 
 
 II oil. II in >. M.D L78 
 
 1 108 
 
 1 1 nihil. m. John xi 
 
 ll.ir.iiii hi. Joseph xi 
 
 Ho dm in. I ii.mi i- .... xii, 208 
 
 Bardwick, Charles 807 
 
 Hardy, John In," 
 
 1 1 1 1 res -.I tamer ... 
 I Bargreaves, James, 98, ioj, LOS 
 
 Page 
 
 Harland, John 313 
 
 Harmonious Content 58 
 
 Harper, William 271 
 
 llarpurhey Incorprtn., 423, 425 
 Harrald, F.lward, Diary .. 75 
 Harris, |,,, Binging Master 
 at the Collegiitc Church 184 
 
 Harris, William 76 
 
 Harrison, Rev. Cuthbert . . 141 
 
 Harrison, Isaa ■ 408 
 
 Harrison, Rev John .... 60. 62 
 Harrison, Rev. Ralph ..111, 217 
 
 Harrison, Richard xiii 
 
 Harrison, Stephen 143 
 
 1 larrison, Thomas x 
 
 Harrison, T. F 243 
 
 Harrison, William 40S 
 
 Barrop,J.,89,132,133,134,166,192 
 
 Barrop, John 358 
 
 Harrop, Joseph. . xiii, S8, 89, 96 
 
 132, 166, 192 
 
 Barrop'sManch. Mercury, 80, 1S1 
 
 Harry the Devil 155 
 
 Harsnett, Thomas II:; 
 
 Hartcr, J. C . 233, 251, 267, 2S7 
 
 Hatter, W 171, 236 
 
 Hartington, Lord 373, 406 
 
 Hartley, Mrs 125 
 
 Hartley, lohn 57 
 
 Hartley, John . x, xi 
 
 Hartley, John, J.F., Peti- 
 tion for removal from 
 Commission of the Peace 67 
 
 Hartley, Nicholas x 
 
 Hart ley, Richard 17S 
 
 Harvcy.AM.W. xii, 261, 27 1. 3 i 
 
 llarw 1, Simon, sermon.. 39 
 
 Harwood, J. J. xii, 41:;, 121, 123 
 
 425 
 
 Barwood, Rd xiv 
 
 Baslam's, Meal St., Fire at 880 
 
 ll.itii. id, Jonathan 209 
 
 Hatfield, Thomas James .. 157 
 
 Hats 37, L56 
 
 I [atton, Win xiii 
 
 Baughton, Humphrey.... x 
 
 Baward, Samuel 71 
 
 Bawarth, Abraham xi 
 
 Bawcroft, J. Mowbray 380 
 
 Bawett, Nicholas xi 
 
 Haulers. Rev. William.. .. 159 
 
 Hawkins, Justice 
 
 I [awkswell, John xi 
 
 H worth, Edmund 123 
 
 Haworth, John L43 
 
 Haworth, Richard ::i i, 31 
 Bawthorne, Nathaniel .... 272 
 
 Hay, Re\ W. R 15S, 20S 
 
 ii..-. Market 
 
 Baydon, B. R. 
 
 hi, Irank 
 
 I [ayes, rhoni i^ 95 
 
 Hayfield, Ellen 
 
 mi, F. .1 819 
 
 Bealey, « Ih is., shop on Bn . 
 
 158 
 
 I ■,. ,• \ t 
 
 ..ii Towns Commissn 224 
 Heap, \n. i '.. Murder by. 
 
 Bearne, Rev, Daniel 
 
 n ton Park races, lTi ; 
 
 rem 
 i I William ; 
 
 . Stephen., xiv, 21 9 
 Bell, How to send girls to. 100 
 
 II. l.in. 147 
 
 11. mi. Rev. John 414 
 
 Hennessey, Sir J. Pope..
 
 444 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page 
 Henry, Alexander .... 217, 28S 
 
 Henry, J. S 288 
 
 Henry, Mitchell.. 28S, 309, 317 
 Henry, Thos., F.R.S... 116, 150 
 
 Henry, Wm., M.D 197 
 
 Henry VII. visits M' Chester 24 
 
 Henshaw, Mrs. Sarah 196 
 
 Henshaw, Thomas.. .. 141, 196 
 Henshaw 's Blind Asylum 
 opened.. .. 200, 311, 312, 313 
 
 Hepworth, James 143 
 
 Hepworth, Rycroft 143 
 
 Herald of the Future 207 
 
 Heralds' Fees 48 
 
 Herbert, Auberon 420 
 
 Herbert, H. W 239 
 
 Herbert, Dean Wm., 210, 214, 239 
 
 Herford, Edward 331 
 
 Herle, Thomas, Warden 33,60,62 
 
 Heron, James Holt 241 
 
 Heron, Sir J. 204, 241, 340, 419 
 
 Hervey, James 277 
 
 Hervcy, Thomas Kibble . . 277 
 
 Hewes, Thomas C 185 
 
 Hewitt, Richard Porter . . 241 
 
 Hey, Ellis 41 
 
 Heygate, John xiii 
 
 Heyrick, Rd 52, 53, 58, 59 
 
 60, 62, 64, 66 
 
 Heywood Abel. . . .xii, 277, 293 
 
 296, 360, 364, 366 
 
 Heywood, Mrs. Abel 355 
 
 Hey wood, Sir B. . . 1S2, 203, 229 
 
 253, 296, 306 
 
 Heywood, Benj. Arthur .. 148 
 
 Heywood, James, F.R.S... 75 
 
 104, 194, 254, 260, 269, 425 
 
 Heywood, John xi, 293 
 
 Heywood, John, jun 323 
 
 Heywood, Nathaniel ..148, 306 
 
 Heywood, 251, 397, 425 
 
 Heywood, Rev. 66 
 
 Heywood, Thomas xiii, 306 
 
 Heywood, Sir T. P 401 
 
 Heywood's B'nk established 115 
 
 Hibbort, Aid. George 201 
 
 Hibbert, Col. George C.B.. 24S 
 
 Hibbert, Jas xii 
 
 Hibbert, J. T 322 
 
 Hibbert, Rt 201 
 
 Hibbert Samuel 248 
 
 Hibbert, Sylvanus 103 
 
 Hibbert, Titus 110 
 
 Hibbert, Dr. Wm 204 
 
 Hibbert-Ware, Dr. Samuel 248 
 
 Higgin, Bishop, Wm 308 
 
 Higham, Joseph xi 
 
 Highs, Tho. (see Hayes, T.) 
 Highways Repair Relief Act 257 
 
 Higson, John 330 
 
 Higson, Thomas 391 
 
 Hilal, Prince, visits Man- 
 chester 234 
 
 Hill, Henry xi 
 
 Hill, Lord 183 
 
 Hill, Nathan 149, 153 
 
 Hill, Sir Rowland 230 
 
 Hill, Wm xiii 
 
 Hilton&Bradshaigi's,fire at 209 
 
 Hilton, Ann 132 
 
 Hilton, Capt. James 91 
 
 Hilton, Samuel C 162 
 
 Hinde, Mrs. Ann 78 
 
 Hinde, Rev. John 78 
 
 Hindley, Mr 95 
 
 Hindley, Rev. Jno. Haddon 174 
 Hindley's Factory, Ancoats, 
 burned down 135 
 
 Page 
 
 Hindley, Robert xiii 
 
 Hindmarsh, Rev. R. . . 148, 193 
 
 Hoare, 317 
 
 Hoare, A. P. E., Claim to 
 
 appoint bellman 211 
 
 Hobson, Edward., xii, xiii 180 
 
 Hodges, George 202 
 
 Hodgkinson & Son, Fire at 
 
 warehouse of 391 
 
 Hodgkinson, Eaton 283 
 
 Hodgkinson, W. E 341 
 
 Hodgson, Henry 383 
 
 Hodson, Francis Marcellus. 176 
 
 Hodson, James xi 
 
 Hodson Square, Fire in . . 128 
 
 Holbrook, Rev. R 64 
 
 Holbrooke, John xi 
 
 Holden, J 405 
 
 Holden, William, executed 153 
 
 Holker, Helen 101 
 
 Holker, Chev. John 113 
 
 Holker, John S5, 86 
 
 Holker, Sir John 389 
 
 Holker, Lawrence 55, 101 
 
 Holland, Col 56 
 
 Holland, Isaac, apprehend. 
 
 for forgery 184 
 
 Holland, James, hanged . . 114 
 
 Holland, James xiii 
 
 Holland, Rev. John 17S 
 
 Holland, Richard 44 
 
 Holland, Rev. T 64 
 
 Holland, Thomas xiii, 178 
 
 Holland, Mr 109 
 
 Hollingsworth, Thomas . . 147 
 
 Hollins, F 397 
 
 Hollinworth, Rev. R 60, 62 
 
 Holme, Edw., M.D 221, 243 
 
 Holmfirth Catastrophe, 
 
 public meeting 260 
 
 Holroyd, Mr 145 
 
 Holt, David 236 
 
 Holt, David 375 
 
 Holt, Robert 395 
 
 Holyoake, G. J., 289 ; com- 
 plimentary dinner 390 
 
 Home for Widows of Pro- 
 fessional men 392 
 
 Homoeopathic Practit'ners' 
 
 Congress 353 
 
 Hone, William 170 
 
 Hood, Rev. E. Paxton 3"2 
 
 Hood, Lord, visits Manches. Ill 
 
 Hoole, Rev. Elijah 431 
 
 Hoole, H xiii, 230 
 
 Hoole, Rev. Joseph 84, 85 
 
 Hoole, Rev. Joseph 109 
 
 Hooson, Edward 304, 321 
 
 Hope Infirmary opened . . 391 
 
 Hope, J. T., dinner to 187 
 
 Hope, Richard 342 
 
 Hope St. Schools, opd. 203, 205 
 
 Hopkinson, John xii, 366 
 
 Hopwood, Edmund 52 
 
 Hordern, Rev. Peter ..163,196 
 
 Horridge, Samuel xiii 
 
 Horrox, Jeremiah 52 
 
 Horse Show in Pomona . . 350 
 Horticultural Exhibition . . 3S2 
 Horton <5i Co's Warehouse 
 
 fell down 230 
 
 Hospital for Consumption 
 
 and Diseases of the Throat 348 
 
 Hospital Sunday and Fund 97 
 
 119, 342, 350 
 
 Houdin, Robert 247 
 
 Houghton, Lady 232 
 
 Houghton, Lord 294 
 
 Page 
 
 Houghton, Thomas 92 
 
 Houghton, William xi 
 
 Houldsworth, W. H.. ..387, 397 
 419, 425 
 
 Houtson, John 16S 
 
 House of Correction . . 102, 117 
 House of Recovery. . . . 125, 155 
 
 Houses, number 108 
 
 Howard, John 102 
 
 Howard, Mr 263 
 
 Howard, Mr., jewellery 
 
 stolen from 294 
 
 Howard, R. Baron, M.D. .. 244 
 Howarth, Cowdroy, and 
 
 Rathbone 151 
 
 Howarth, Rev. David 270 
 
 Howarth, John 313 
 
 Howarth, Kay, executed . . 409 
 
 Howe, Matthew 93 
 
 Howe, William 172 
 
 Hoy, J 244 
 
 Hoyle, Thomas, sen 162 
 
 Hudlestone, Rev. Wm 79 
 
 Hudson <fe Price's warehse. 
 
 burned down 158 
 
 Huggins, W 373 
 
 Hugh of Manchester 12 
 
 Hughes, Charles 185 
 
 Hughes, Moses 198 
 
 Hughes, Thomas 255 
 
 Hughes, William 423 
 
 Hulbert, Charles 273 
 
 Hull, Edward 116 
 
 Hull, Dr. John 220, 33S 
 
 Hull, R 116 
 
 Hull, William 375 
 
 Hull, W. W 338 
 
 Hullah, John ...: 222 
 
 Hulme, Dauntsey. xiii, 169, 177 
 Hulnie Dispensary estabd. 1S2 
 Hulme Estates Trustees Act 206 
 
 Hulme Hall sold 88 
 
 Hulme Improvement Act.. 16S 
 
 Hulme, Manor of, sold 67 
 
 Hulme Philosophical Inst.. 157 
 
 Hulme, Otho 159 
 
 Hulme, Thomas xiii 
 
 Hulme, Wm., Estate Acts 99 
 122, 146, 174 
 
 Humane Society US, 168 
 
 Hungary, Meeting against 
 
 Russian interference in.. 250 
 Hunt, C, Boiler explosion 
 
 at his woi ks 255 
 
 Hunt, Henry .... 155, 156, 157 
 158, 196, 217 
 
 Hunter, John 85 
 
 Hunter, Thomas 251 
 
 Hunter, William xi 
 
 Huntingdon, J , Warden, 21, 22 
 Huntington, Hy., Earl of.. 38 
 Huntington, Rev. W.. 1S3, 340 
 
 Hunt's Bank Bridge 294 
 
 Hunt's Bank, Improvemts. 189 
 Hunt's Bank, several houses 
 
 fall into river 146 
 
 Hunt's Bank, wall at, fell 
 
 into river 195 
 
 Hurdus, Rev. Adam 222 
 
 Husband, Richard . . xiv, 389 
 Huskisson, Wm., killed .. ISO 
 
 Hutchinson, William xiii 
 
 Huthersal, Rev. Cort 278 
 
 Hutton, J. P 412, 425 
 
 Huxley, T. H 346, 373, 376 
 
 Hyde, Betty 269 
 
 Hyde, John xii, 204 
 
 Hyde, Rev. John 352
 
 Index. 
 
 445 
 
 X Page 
 
 Ibrahim Pacha visits Mch. 236 
 
 Ice Accidents 138 
 
 Ice Scarcity 236 
 
 Illingworth, Rev. James, 09, 72 
 
 Ming-worth, Robert xi 
 
 Illingworth, Thomas xi 
 
 Imisson, John US 
 
 Improvement Acts, 196, 291, 295 
 333, 3S5 
 Improvement Committee, 
 
 renewal of powers 196 
 
 Income Tax 230 
 
 Independents 5S, 59, 03 
 
 Indpnt. College, 211,221,315, 3S8 
 India Cnfrnc., 282 ; Cotton, 
 283 ; Famines, 364, 360 ; 
 
 Poverty 424 
 
 Indian Relief Fund 273 
 
 Indulgences 23 
 
 Indulgences to Prot. Diss. 60 
 Industrial Art Exhibition.. 381 
 IndustrialPartnershipSecord289 
 InfantSchool,BuxtonSt.,op. 1 09 
 Infirmary, 89, 90, 91, 97, 108, 
 121, 109,187, 195,384,422; 
 Acts,139,217,227;Amateur 
 Performance, 220 ; Clock, 
 169 ; Musical Entertain- 
 ment, 93; South wing.. 240 
 
 Ingersoll, Hon. J. R 263 
 
 Ingham, Thomas 201 
 
 Innkeepers 33 
 
 Institution for the Illustra- 
 tion of Practical Science.. 205 
 Institution of Engineers .. 316 
 InternationalMaritimeLaw 288 
 Ireland, Alexander.... 242, 337 
 
 Ireland, Rebellion in 41 
 
 Irish Church. .262, 311, 313, 315 
 IrishConfederateClubrooms 
 
 broken up 246 
 
 IrishDynamiters denouncd. 413 
 Irish Evictions, meeting in 
 
 support of tenants 391 
 
 Irish Massacre 53 
 
 Irish Repealers 244, 245 
 
 Irk 35, 234 
 
 Irk Cotton Mills lire 285 
 
 Iron and Steel Institute . . 353 
 
 Irving, Henry 282, 385 
 
 Irwell, Act for making 
 
 navigable 78, I i 
 
 Irwell Buildings fire 229 
 
 Irwell deepened 211 
 
 Irwell Foundry, Fire at.... 404 
 
 Irwell, Seven persons drwn. 126 
 Irwell, Stairs to 42 
 
 Irwell, Vessels first brought 
 to Victoria Bridge 215 
 
 Irwell 8t.Wrkng. Men's Ins. 41 H 
 
 Isherwood, John 252 
 
 Iturbide visits Manchester 191 
 
 Jackson, Rev. E. D 874 
 
 on, H. II 410 ; 
 
 in John 77 
 
 Jackson,M., tried formurdr. 135 
 
 Jackson, Nathan 175 
 
 Jackson, Samuel 429 
 
 .lacks, m, T. (si.! lalvertThos.) 
 
 Jackson, 'William xi 
 
 Jackson, Rev. N. V 101 
 
 Jacobites 76, 86, 87 
 
 .lames 1 48 
 
 .lames ill. proclaimed .... si 
 James, Edwin 296, 30U 
 
 Page 
 
 James, W 202 
 
 Japanese Ambassadors, 330, 400 
 
 Jarrold, Thomas, M.D 264 
 
 Jefferson, T 100 
 
 Jenkinson, Wm. . . xiii, xiv, 244 
 
 Jcnnison, John 819 
 
 Jerrold, Douglas 234 
 
 Jersey Street, Fire in .... 199 
 Jesus Chapel, Collegiate Ch. 24 
 
 Jevens, Daniel 143 
 
 Jevons, Professor W. 8., 314, 390 
 Jewellery Robberies... 294, 296 
 
 Jews' Schools 257, 317 
 
 Jews 133 
 
 Jewsbury, G. E 378 
 
 Jewsbury, Maria Jane .... 189 
 
 Jewsbury, Thomas 211 
 
 Jobert, A. C. G 268 
 
 John, Archduke of Austria, 
 
 visits Manchester 1 4,8 
 
 Johns, Rev. William 2:i4 
 
 Johnson, Rev. C 140, 145 
 
 Johnson, Edw x, xi, 322 
 
 Johnson, Henry x 
 
 Johnson, Rev. John 133 
 
 Johnson, Joseph.. 158, 252, 257 
 Johnson, Michael Jas., 317, 319 
 Johnson, Hon. Reverdy, 
 
 visits Manchester 31S 
 
 Johnson, Rev. Rich. ..00, 62, 68 
 
 Johnson, Richard 52, 380 
 
 Johnson, Samuel 314 
 
 Johnson, Thos.. xi, 91, 126, 141 
 
 Johnston, H. II 421 
 
 Johorc, Maharajah of, visits 
 
 .Manchester 304 
 
 Joiners' strike 301, 369 
 
 Jones, Rev. Edmund 64 
 
 Jones, Ernest 244, 248, 255 
 
 275, 317, 31S 
 
 Jones, George xiii 
 
 Jones, Henry 155 
 
 Jones, Rev. H. II 264, 276 
 
 Jones, J., scalded to death. 241 
 • I,, nes, John, tea dealer. . .. 155 
 
 3 -ins, Lloyd 255, 322 
 
 ■ I ones. Private, duel 133 
 
 3, Rev. Richard ISO 
 
 Jones, Samuel 155 
 
 Jones, Thomas, F.S.A 355 
 
 .1 nes, William 101 
 
 Qgh, Maurice de 175 
 
 Jonson, Hen, Poem on sir 
 
 J. Radcliffe 49 
 
 Jordan, Joseph 337, 429 
 
 .Ionian, River 125 
 
 ,. William 94 
 
 Jom >■■ Art . . 379 
 Joynson, Peter ! !2 
 
 Judson, Kan, lie 143 
 
 Jumper, 8. D, Scott, the .. 201 
 Junior Conservative Club.. 861 
 
 Kay, Alexander .. xii, 28 
 
 Kay, .lames x'ii 
 
 lohn xiv, 80, E 
 
 Kay, Joseph 
 
 I ! ert 98 
 
 i ir, Samuel 110 
 
 Kay-Shuttlewoith, Sir. I. P, 801 
 6 :. 869 
 
 I, S miuel 
 
 Kearsley, John xi 
 
 Ki 1, iy, Henry x 
 
 Kelly iV- Gilmour'sfac, acct 213 
 
 Kelly, CoL, liberated 308 
 
 Page 
 Kemblo, J. P., first app'rnc. 104 
 Kempshead, Mrs., Explos'n 
 
 at her shop 199 
 
 Kendal, Milne, & Faulkner 218 
 
 Kencaly, Dr. E. V 347 
 
 Kennedy, James 141 
 
 Kennedy, John 153, 208 
 
 Kennedy, Michl, hanged.. 336 
 Kennedy's factory burned.. 132 
 
 Kenny, M. J 392 
 
 Kenworthy, Charles 254 
 
 Kenyon, Mr 79 
 
 Kenyon, Rev. Robert 114 
 
 Kerr, James xiii 
 
 Kersal Moor — duel, 133 ; 
 Chartists, 203, 20S ; Grand 
 Stand, 104 ; Execution, 
 117 ; Burial, 13S ; Races, 
 SO, 85, 93, 100, 140, 236, 
 2S1; Reviews .. 124, 148, 194 
 Kershaw, James., xii, 261, 292 
 
 Kershaw, John 143 
 
 Kershaw, U 102 
 
 Kershawe, Mrs. Robert 30 
 
 Keymer, John 277 
 
 Kidd, Rev. J. W 19S 
 
 Kilbie, Wm. Leonard .... 170 
 
 Kilvcrt, Nicholas 399 
 
 King of England, proclama- 
 tion against that style . . 5S 
 
 Klmj Arthur 402 
 
 King John xii 
 
 King's Head, Salford 05 
 
 Kingsley, John 397 
 
 King St. [mprovem't Act.. 164 
 Kirkc, Mr., died of plague.. 44 
 
 Kirkhani, Nat xiii 
 
 Knight, C 175, 262 
 
 Knight, John m:> 
 
 Knight, Rev. Samuel 204 
 
 Knight, Thomas 158 
 
 Knot Mill, 6 ; Covered 
 .Market. 362 ; Fair .. 357, 359 
 
 Knott, James 14:'. 
 
 Knowles, James 51 
 
 Knowles, John.. ..219, 222, 284 
 261, 375 
 
 Knowles, John, jun 227 
 
 Knowles, J. Sheridan .... 267 
 
 Knox, Rev. William 409 
 
 Kossuth, Louis 257,259 
 
 Kuerden, Rd., M.D 71 
 
 Kyrshaw, Rd., the wayte.. 33 
 
 J., buys manor of M. 3,8 
 
 ic, formed . . LSI 
 
 | Lli School, l ii, l 12 
 
 ' Literary Society . . 318 
 
 la.ly visitors to Weaste 
 
 workhouse ppointed .. 887 
 
 l.aing, Right Hon. S 286 
 
 Sir Launcelol du. ... 4 
 
 l.amb, Rev. Robert 336 
 
 I. imbetb I legreea 77, 7s 
 
 • ■ itor 184 
 
 . i-i 
 Lanes. Comm'l Clerks' Boc. 181 
 I, incashire Sero 229 
 
 II unialie Society . . 1 10 
 
 not 82 
 
 U 95 
 
 jhire a palatine .... 18 
 
 •• Lancashire Plol " 72 
 
 Lanes. Pub. Boh) Ass,,,,. 241, 254 
 Lanes, in. Indep. Church, 
 Lancathax Witcha
 
 446 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page 
 
 Lancashire, James xi 
 
 Lancashire, Thomas . . . . x, xi- 
 
 Lancaster, John 138 
 
 Lancaster's Wks, Harp'rhey 316 
 
 Laneasterian School 376 
 
 Land Emancipation Union 387 
 Land League suppression . . 384 
 
 Land value 189 
 
 Lane, Captain C. H 351 
 
 Lane, Richard 106, 249 
 
 Lang's Music Hall, Accid'nt 316 
 Langdale, Hon. Charles . . 216 
 
 Langford, Thomas 17 
 
 Langley, Lawrence x 
 
 Langley, Sir R., Warden. 22, 23 
 
 Langley, Rob x 
 
 Langton, William 3S3 
 
 Langton, William 194 
 
 Langworthy, E. R xiv, 251 
 
 271, 369 
 
 Larkin executed 309 
 
 Latest News 392 
 
 Latham, A. G 3S6 
 
 Latham, Dr. R. G 256 
 
 Latham, Mr 60, 62 
 
 Lathom, Earl of 226 
 
 Lathom House. Seige of . . 57 
 Lavender, Stephen .... 162, 188 
 La Warre, Sir John .... 16, 17 
 La Warre, R., 10th baron. . 18 
 La Warre, J., 11th baron. 18, 19 
 La Warre, T., 12th brn. 19, 20, 22 
 La Warre, Thos. W., Lord.. 30 
 Law Association Dinner .. 209 
 Law Clerks' Friendly Soc . . 250 
 
 Law, David, jun 13S 
 
 Law, Dr. G. H, 153 
 
 Law Library 159 
 
 Lawlor, Henry 398 
 
 Lawn, W. S 354 
 
 Lawrence. Hn. A., visits M. 255 
 
 Lawrence, Sir T 141 
 
 Lawson, Rev. Charles .... 136 
 
 Lawson, Sir W 246,374 
 
 Lawton, James 143 
 
 Lawton, Thomas 350 
 
 Layce, John 43 
 
 Leach, James 244, 246 
 
 Leadenhall Market 214 
 
 Leaf. William xiii 
 
 Leaf, Mr 118 
 
 League newspaper 243 
 
 Leake, R. A 372 
 
 Leatherbarrow Mary 141 
 
 Leather Dressers 34 
 
 Lee, Ann Ill 
 
 Lee, Henry, M.P 340, 382 
 
 Lee, Jesse 225 
 
 Lee, Dr. J. P., Bp. of Men., 241 
 243, 245, 249, 253, 256, 261, 266 
 268, 270, 275, 276, 279, 2S6, 287 
 290, 291, 293, 296, 316, 319, 320 
 
 Lee, Rev. T. G 255, 383 
 
 Lee, — , blacksmith, mur- 
 ders Richardson 251 
 
 Lee and Phillips light their 
 
 factory with gas 136 
 
 Leech, James xiii 
 
 Leech, John xiii 
 
 Leech, J., Act for sale of land 174 
 
 Leeming, John xiii 
 
 Lees, Asa 405 
 
 Lees, Dr. F. R 277 
 
 Lees, Jerry xiii 
 
 Lees, John 100 
 
 Lees, Jonathan xi 
 
 Leicester, Joseph 204 
 
 Leicester, Josiah 107 
 
 Page 
 
 Leigh, Charles 37, 52 
 
 Leigh, Cornelius 146 
 
 Leigh, Evan 356 
 
 Leigh, John 52 
 
 Leigh, John 156, 312 
 
 Leigh, Mary 190 
 
 Leigh, Robert 37 
 
 Leigh, William 52, 64 
 
 Leland, J., description of M. 27 
 
 Lemon, Joshua 246 
 
 Leppoe, H. J 397 
 
 Lesseps, Count F. de, visits 398 
 
 Leuchte. Julius biS 
 
 Lever, Sir A., 99,104,114,130,138 
 
 Lever, Sir Darcy 104, 204 
 
 Lever, Dame Frances 130 
 
 Lever, John 191 
 
 Lever, Rev. John 138 
 
 Lever, Lady 104 
 
 Leverian Museum 115 
 
 Levi, Prof essor Leone .... 311 
 
 Lewes, G. H 250 
 
 Lewis, W. T 142 
 
 Lewis, Mr 195 
 
 Lewis and Williams, Mill, 
 Minshull Street, on fire . . 274 
 
 Leybourne, James 39 
 
 Leypayers : Meeting, 162 ; 
 Against new Churches . . 166 
 
 Liberal Association \ 363 
 
 Liberal Club, Greengate . . 372 
 
 Liberal Club, Ordsal 379 
 
 Liberal Demonstration.... 406 
 Liberal Dmstn. at Pomona. 373 
 
 Liberation Society 291 
 
 Libraries : Manchstr. Free, 
 253, 255 ; Poll, 262 ; Camp- 
 field, 262; Deansgate, 3SS; 
 Cheetham, 366; Chorlton, 
 305 ; Hulme, 303 ; Refer- 
 ence, 34S, 361, 366, 370 ; 
 Boys' room , Rochdale Rd . , 
 423; Sunday opening, 367, 
 369 ; Peel Park, 249, 254 ; 
 Greengate, 324 ; Kegent 
 Road, 339 ; Mchester. Cir- 
 culating, 92; Subscription, 
 est., 119 ; sold, 309; Asso- 
 ciation, 373 ; Authorities 
 mtng., 383 ; Public, form- 
 ed by John Prestwich . . 67 
 Licensed Victuallers' Socty. 246 
 Liebig, Prof., Justus von, 
 
 visited Manchester 229 
 
 Life Boats presntd., 310, 311, 312 
 
 Lightbowne, John xi 
 
 Lilburne, Colonel 63 
 
 Limners' Club 400 
 
 Lind, Jenny 241, 247 
 
 Linen 27 
 
 Lingard, Rev. Joshua .... 219 
 
 Lingard, Thomas 223 
 
 Lion, Salford Fire dog .... 326 
 Literary and Philosopieal 
 
 Society founded 10S, 116 
 
 Little, Rev. W. J. K 3S2 
 
 Littlewood, Thomas, mur- 
 der at the house of . . 152, 153 
 Littlewood and Kirby's Cot- 
 ton Mill burnt 12S 
 
 Liverpool Architectural & 
 
 Archaeological Society . . . 351 
 Liverpool and Manchester 
 Agricultural Society .... 258 
 
 Liverseege, Henry 184 
 
 Livesey, Rev. John 323 
 
 Livesey, Robert xi 
 
 Livingstone, R. P xiv 
 
 Page 
 Livingstone, Dr. David, 
 
 visits Manchester 273 
 
 Lloyd, George, 88, 109, 122, 134 
 
 Lloyd, Susanna G 309 
 
 Lock Hospital opened .... 155 
 
 Locke, David xiii 
 
 Lockett, Wm xiii, xiv 
 
 Lockett, William 226, 270 
 
 Lockett, Wm 398 
 
 Lockwood and Thornton's, 
 
 Fire at. 218 
 
 Lomas, Geo. Edmund .... 375 
 
 Li >m:is, Wm xii 
 
 London Road Station 381 ; 
 
 Fall of roof 301 
 
 Longfield, Edward 281 
 
 Longford, Nich. de, grantee 
 
 of Withington 19 
 
 Long Millgate, Fatal fall of 
 
 buildings in 191 
 
 Looms at work in Man- 
 chester 171, 177, 187 
 
 Lord, Hon. H. W 312 
 
 Lord, John 218 
 
 Louis of Austria, Archduke, 
 
 visits Manchester 148 
 
 Lover, Samuel 234 
 
 Lowe, J 292, 340 
 
 Lower Broughton first 
 
 lighted with gas 238 
 
 Lowes, R. J 344 
 
 Loxham, Wm xiii 
 
 Loyd, Col. Edward .. ..290, 321 
 
 Loyd, Lewis 156, 290 
 
 Loyd, S. J 398 
 
 Luddite Oaths 143 
 
 Lunardini, SignorG., killed 261 
 
 Lunatic Asylum 242 
 
 Lunatic Hospital 97 
 
 Lycurgus, Archbishop .... 322 
 Lyghe, Randall, the Wayte. 34 
 Lying-in Hospital .... 116, 153 
 
 Lynch, Daniel ' 195 
 
 Lynde, J. G 393 
 
 Lytton, Sir E. B 262 
 
 Ly tton , Earl 387 
 
 IKE 
 
 Macardy, Joseph 156, 203 
 
 Macaulay, Aulay 115 
 
 Macaulay, Margaret 129 
 
 MacDouall, Dr. P. M 211 
 
 Macfadyen, Rev. J. A 380 
 
 Macintosh & Co., Factory 
 
 on Fire 203 
 
 Mackay, Alex 254 
 
 Mackie, Aid. J., xii, 274, 293, 337 
 
 Maclean, Alexander 343 
 
 Maclure, J. W., 297, 301, 306, 417 
 
 Macnamara James, hanged 117 
 
 Maoready, W. C. . . 138, 140, 163 
 
 251, 267 
 
 Macvicar, John xii 
 
 Maddock, Samuel 85, 86 
 
 Madge, Rev. Thos 306 
 
 Madge, Travers 306 
 
 Mail 134 
 
 Mainwaring, Peter, M.D.. 112 
 Maggs, Corp. Dan., Inqston 188 
 Magna Charta signed by R. 
 
 Gresley 9 
 
 Mahon, Elder James 211 
 
 Makin, Benjamin xiii 
 
 Makinson, Charles xiv 
 
 Malagasy Ambassadors .... 393 
 
 .Maiden, Joseph 224 
 
 Malibran, Madame 197
 
 Index. 
 
 447 
 
 Tage 
 
 Mallalieu, Francis 191 
 
 Mallayns, John 37 
 
 Mallory, Rev. J. H 145, 1S5 
 
 Malone, Rev. William .... 61 
 Manchester : Academy, 113; 
 Value in 12S2, 12 ; Act for 
 regulating the town, 176 ; 
 " Manchester Act" passd. 
 .si : Act for cleansing and 
 lighting, 97 ; Sketch of 
 History, v ; Sold to La 
 Warre, 16; Earl of, 49; 
 Conquered by Edwin, 4 ; 
 Conquered by Saxons, 3; 
 Assembly, 97 ; Borough 
 or market town, IS ; 
 Created a city by Ro3'al 
 Charter, 263 ; Described 
 by Chamberlayne, 81 ; 
 Described by Defoe, 79; 
 Described by Stukeley, 
 78 ; Description of in 1650, 
 59 ; Description of, S3 ; 
 Disfranchised, 64 ; Dis- 
 mantled, 60 ; Ecclesias- 
 tical Valuation, 12; 
 Extent of, 6 ; Improve- 
 ment Acts, 257; Improve- 
 ment Committee, 177; In 
 Domesday, 6; Leland's 
 description, 27 ; New 
 college, 113 ; Parish 
 Division Act, 253 ; 1'lan 
 of, 83 ; Printing Sucicty, 
 L09 : Rebuilt & garrisoned 
 5, 6 ; Rcgt. , 55 ; Regt. 
 rebel, 84, 85, 87; 72nd 
 Regt, 105, 110; School", 
 Defeat of, 271 ; Taxable 
 property, 71 ; Manchester 
 Advi rtist r, 170 : Manches- 
 ter al Mondo, 19 ; Man 
 Chester a/ad Liverpool 
 Museum. 106 ; Manchester 
 and Salford Advertiser, 
 L76; Manchester Chronicle, 
 94, lor, -jr.« ; Manchester 
 Chronicle and Salford 
 Standard, 107, 204 ; Man- 
 chester City News, 292; Man- 
 chester Cow U r, L51, 169 ; 
 Manch. Exchanyi Herald, 
 ill; Manchesti r Frii /"/, 
 
 80, L21; Manch Gv • dian, 
 
 L62, 221 ; Manch. Quid* , 
 
 i:; i ; tfanclu -'■ r // i aid. 
 
 119; Manclu U r Iris, L65; 
 
 Mam h Jo 1,90,203; 
 
 Manchester I 
 
 Y.M.C.A., 270; Manch. 
 
 Mat ' '• ' '"> 872 ; 
 
 Manclu ■■< r tf< rcury, 88, 
 
 .v, 96 ; Mam < r, 
 
 I, 156, 1 58 ; Ma •■ In U r 
 
 Manch. 
 
 r- 
 
 , 181 Manch. '/'■ m- 
 
 Reporter, 250; 
 
 Manch .1 ro ; 
 
 Manch. Trades Journal, 
 
 400; Manchester Weekly 
 
 To i rnal 77, 88 
 
 M mchester, Hugh of 12 
 
 Manehei ter, Jo :pli 371 
 
 Mandley, a. r 2i 
 
 Manloy Hall 
 
 Manners, Lord John .... 
 
 Page 
 
 Manning, Cardinal 383 
 
 Manor Court Room 206 
 
 Manor of Manchester, 17, 43, 140 
 172, 232, 236 
 
 Mantell, Sir J. 1 320 
 
 Mantle, G. J 256 
 
 Manual Training 417 
 
 Manufacturers, Habits of 71 
 Marchant's Description of 
 
 Manchester S3 
 
 Mark, Dr 310 
 
 Markets .. 89, 107, 10S, 114, L32 
 
 142, 167, 16S, 176, 237, 239 
 
 Market rights, 117, 118, 356, 363 
 
 367, 391, 398 
 
 Market St. Improvements, 162 
 
 163, 164, 165, 192 
 
 Market St., Man crushed in 162 
 
 Markham, Capt. C. K 361 
 
 Markland, Lieut. Ralph .. 110 
 Markland, .lames Hoywood 293 
 
 Markland, John xi, 126 
 
 Markland, Rev. John .... 158 
 
 Markland, Robert 158 
 
 Markland, Thomas 240 
 
 Mailer, Edw X 
 
 Marler, Humfrey xi 
 
 Marler, John x, xi 
 
 Marler, Robert xi 
 
 Marriages in Holy Trinity 
 
 ( Inn ch, Act to rmlr. valid 265 
 
 Marriott, Joshua 9Ci 
 
 Marriott, Thomas xi, xiii 
 
 Marsden, Rev. Jeremiah .. 70 
 Marsden, Marg., mrdrd., 152,153 
 
 Mars en, Ralph 70 
 
 Marsden, William 245 
 
 Marsh, Rev. William 285 
 
 Marshall, Rev. Charles ... . 406 
 
 Marshall, George 37. I !7 
 
 Marshall, Miss 232 
 
 Marston. Rev. C. D 359 
 
 Martineau, Harriet, Visit of '.^'i 
 Martineau, Rev. James.. .. 112 
 
 Marvel, Aaron 1 13 
 
 Mason, Hugh 291, 313 
 
 Mas. in, Matthew I7;i 
 
 Masons' 81 tike 326 
 
 Masonic I till. I 'ooper St. . . 291 
 Massey, .lames. ... xiii, 121, 123 
 
 Massey,Jas.,comitd suicide 138 
 
 Massey, John 181, 215 
 
 Massey, William 181 
 
 M , ey, W. X., 271, 277,29 
 
 Massie, Dr. J. W 211 
 
 r, Vi n. R. M.. 
 Mull,, matical A- ctures .... 77 
 
 Mather, Willi tm 372, 125 
 
 Mather, William 875 
 
 ' itli.r 222 
 
 .1 i lie 1 C. J 
 
 \| .i hews, B 
 
 Matthews, Arthur Sidney. . 24s 
 
 Matthi ■ F 3.75 
 
 Matthews, Samuel 248 
 
 M m; . . D inicl 202 
 
 Mauldeth Hall Hospital for 
 
 1 1 durables 
 
 Maun. I I'. I) 
 
 M iximilian, Archduke of 
 
 Au-i i ia, viBii M 
 
 Maximus, Emperor 3 
 
 May, Di in in.; iu 
 
 iry, John 311 
 
 i mis, Pri- 
 
 \.t ..." 121 
 
 13 iths 
 
 Maynooth Grant 260, 269 
 
 Page 
 Mayor of M'chester attends 
 
 Collegiate Church 219 
 
 Mayors of Manchester .... xii 
 
 Mayers of Salford xiv 
 
 Mayson, John 251 
 
 M'All, Rev. P.. S 203 
 
 M'Connel's Mill on fire.... 328 
 
 M'( Iron, F. N 265 
 
 M'Curdy, l!ev. A 421 
 
 M'Ferran, Mr., robbed 296 
 
 M'Ginnes, Edward 148 
 
 M'Kcima executed 301 
 
 M'Kerrow, Kev. W., D.D.. 36S 
 M'Kivett, Marg., murdered 349 
 
 M Daren, Alex 320 
 
 M'l.ellen, Sarah, murdered 1S2 
 
 M'Morland, Patrick 212 
 
 Meadowcroft, Mr '.\'.) 
 
 Me adowcroft, John 33S 
 
 Meagher, Edward 165 
 
 Meagher, T. F 244 
 
 Meare, Richard xi 
 
 Meat on fast days 42 
 
 Mechanics' lust! 169,177,392,397 
 
 Medical Chronicle 40S 
 
 Medloek Paper Mill lire .. 187 
 
 Mec, Rebecca 102 
 
 Meek, Mr 60, 6 ' 
 
 Meeke, Rev. Robert 68, 78 
 
 Mellor, Evan, murdered .. 287 
 
 Mellor, John xiii 
 
 Memorial Hall 293, 301 
 
 Mendel, Sam 34S, 407 
 
 Mercer, R. C, Will of 407 
 
 Merriott, Richd.. and wife. 50 
 M. rry Andrew of Munch . . -It 
 
 M«r. <fc [rwl, Navig'n Co. 90, 208 
 Mete ilfe, Rev. William.. , , 
 
 Methodism 
 
 Meth. New Con. Conf. 231 
 
 .Microscopic Research 256 
 
 Middleton 97 
 
 ili ley, •! 158 
 
 Miles l'l .it. Hit ,:d Cas 1,399, mi 
 
 Militia Enrolment 235 
 
 Mill at Manchstr. given to 
 
 Swineshead Abbey S 
 
 Mills, Number of, at work.. 187 
 
 Mills, Charles xiii 
 
 .Miller, .lames ,s:, 
 
 Miller St. Baths .•] encd . . 270 
 
 Mill. y, Ri v. Dr 246 
 
 Millii gfton, Richard xi 
 
 Millward, l;. Richard .. 116 
 
 Miln ■■, John 150, 185 
 
 Milne, Nathaniel 
 
 Milne, William 307 
 
 'd no. 1 Hi 
 
 Milm r. 1: ilph 
 
 iference .. . 379, 390 
 
 M in 1 -' Perm'nl R ic. 119 
 
 Ministers of Ste.,1 toner to. 309 
 
 nil, I nomas 11 
 
 ties cstab I 
 II. .1., M.D.. I ■-•. 128, 840 
 iptain, I. II. .. 835 
 
 I, W 148 
 
 i' 
 
 . Rev. Richard 381, 396 
 
 Mahommed Said Pacba. . . . 287 
 
 in . ' r 1 ... 198 
 
 Moles worth, Rev W. X. . . 322 
 
 Molyneux, CoL Hon. G. i:.. 218 
 
 Momut 387 
 
 Monster 
 
 Montague, sir lly., made 
 K ail of Manchester 19
 
 448 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page 
 Montemolin, Count de, 
 
 visits Manchester 241 
 
 Montgomery, Robert (new 
 
 throstle frame) 1ST 
 
 Montgomery, Roger of ... . 7 
 
 Montrose. Duke of 143 
 
 Moore, John, F.L.S 272 
 
 Moore, Mary, murdered . . 202 
 
 Mordacque, L. A. J 331 
 
 Mordacque, Rev. L. H 331 
 
 More, J. Huson 391 
 
 Moreton, Rev. John, D.D. . 219 
 
 More ton, Richard x 
 
 Morgan, Capt. D. execut. S5, 86 
 
 Morgan, J 315 
 
 Morgan, Lady, exhibited . . 124 
 
 Morgan, O., M.P 414 
 
 Morley, John 259 
 
 Mormon Missionaries and 
 "the gift of tongues " . . 211 
 
 Morning Mail 392 
 
 Morning Neivs 392 
 
 Moros, Rev. B 280 
 
 Morris Dancers 119 
 
 Morris, David 32(5 
 
 M orris, Dr 24(3 
 
 Morris, William 251, 401 
 
 Morrison, Walter 322 
 
 Mort, Adam 210 
 
 Morton, Joseph 309 
 
 Morton, J. D 326 
 
 Moseley, Dr. Benjamin.. .. 4S 
 
 Moseley, Oswald x, 48 
 
 Moseley. Rowland, Sheriff 
 
 of York 4S 
 
 Moseley, Samuel 48 
 
 Moseley, T., Mayor of York 4S 
 Mosley, Anthony .... x, 45, 47 
 
 Mosley. Edward 47 
 
 Mosley, Sir E 52, 67, 72, 73 
 
 Mosley, Sir Edward, Bart. 63 
 Mosley, Sir E., 2nd Bt, M.P. 65 
 Mosley, Rev. Francis .... x, 74 
 Mosley, Fran. <fe Nich. , fined 58 
 Mosley, Dame Jane Meriel. 73 
 Mosley, Rev. Sir John.. 93, 106 
 
 Mosley, John Ivon 358 
 
 Mosley, Sir J. P.. 106, 108, 111 
 114, 116, 126 
 Mosley. Sir Nicholas. 43, 44, 47 
 Mosley, N. . . xi, 58, 04, 67, 126 
 Mosley, Sir Oswld., 1st Brt. 88 
 Mosley, Sir Oswld. ,2nd Brt. 92 
 
 Mosley, Oswald 50, 07 
 
 Mosley, Oswald, jun. x, 109, 117 
 
 Mosley, Oswald 72, 74, S8 
 
 Mosley, Sir Oswald, Bart . . 7S 
 SO, 90, 126, 139, 140, 197 
 207, 214, 232, 236, 32S 
 
 Mosley, Rowland x, 47 
 
 Mosley v. Stonehouse and 
 
 Railton 136 
 
 Moss, John xi 
 
 Moss, Moving 51 
 
 Moss, Captain Peter S5, S6 
 
 Moss, Rev. Thomas 93 
 
 Mottershead, Rev. Jos.. 99,155 
 
 Mottram, Samuel 150 
 
 Mouncey <fc Steadman, fire 240 
 Mouncey, Capt.. killd in duel 109 
 
 Moxon, John xi 
 
 Much Ado About Nothimt . . 349 
 Muirhead, Alderman T.' S.. 414 
 Mule invented, 106 ; Self- 
 acting, 171 ; Improvemts 180 
 
 Mulliday, Patrick 312 
 
 Mollis, William 227 
 
 Mundella, A. J 406 
 
 Page 
 
 Mum-oe, Rev. Dr 320 
 
 Murders : T. Ashton, 181 ; 
 Behan, by Booth, 268 ; 
 Bostock, by Hampson, 
 213 ; Mrs. Bradley, by 
 husband, 21S ; Brennan, 
 by Burrows, 304 ; Clap- 
 ham, by Tweedale, 234 ; 
 Clark, by suppsd Fenians, 
 379 ; Donoghue, by hus- 
 band, 314 ; Dugdale, by 
 Howarth and Swindells, 
 409 ; Mrs. Durr, lay husb., 
 323: Galloway,by Piggott, 
 360; Cath. Green, by husb., 
 194 ; Hanmer,bv Faherty, 
 312-313 ; In Hulme, by 
 Ferneley, 181 ; Ann Ken- 
 nedy,by M. Kennedy, 336; 
 Mrs. M'Kenna.by husbd., 
 361 ; Maclean, by Barge, 
 343; of Sarah M'Lellon, 
 182; Maggs, by Roach, 188; 
 Mellor, by Taylor, 2S7 ; 
 of Moore, 202; Novelli, by 
 Novelli, 252 ; Nurney, by 
 Johnson, 317, 319 ; Plow, 
 by Weatherill, 313 ; Rich- 
 ardson, by Lee, 251 ; 
 Robinson, by husbd., 277 ; 
 Chas. Robinson shot, 179 ; 
 Eliz. Smith, by husb., 191; 
 Speed, by J. Speed, 240 ; 
 Tebbutt.by Garstang,336; 
 Townley murd.sw'theart, 
 291 ; Watson, by father, 
 381 ; Mrs. Whittaker, by 
 
 husband 205 
 
 Murdock, William 208 
 
 Murray, Adam 154 
 
 Murray, Adam 314, 379 
 
 Murray, Sir G. .. 207, 209, 215 
 
 Murray, James, M.D 163 
 
 Murray, Richard, D.D... 45, 51 
 Mursell, Rev. Arthur .... 276 
 Musical Festival.. 104, 112, 176 
 197, 220, 260 
 Musical Meetg., Fr.Tr. Hall 222 
 Muslin manufacture ... 96, 114 
 Muslin, manuf. of, introd.. 107 
 Mustapha Rechid Bey 
 
 Effendi 200 
 
 Muster of troops 28 
 
 Mutrie, — , M.D 426 
 
 Myddleton, Rev. C. P 222 
 
 Myers, William xi 
 
 Mynshull, Mrs. Barbara .. 9S 
 Mynshull, Thos. Samuel . . 91 
 
 Nadin, Joseph 162 
 
 Namick, Pasha 193 
 
 Napier, Sir Charles 213 
 
 Napier, G. W 410 
 
 Napoleon III 204 
 
 Nash, Tom 412 
 
 Nassr-ed-Din 337 
 
 Nathan, E 317 
 
 Nathan's Warehouse, Lloyd 
 
 Street, Fire 207 
 
 National Reform Associate 25S 
 National Public Schools 
 
 Association 254, 259, 266 
 
 National Schools opened .. 143 
 National Union tor Sup- 
 pression of Intemperance 327 
 330, 3S1 
 
 Page 
 National Union Clironicle . . 327 
 Natural History Museum . . 165 
 Natural History Society.. 165 
 311, 316 
 Naylor, Rev. Benjamin 236, 317 
 
 Naylor, Benjamin D 317 
 
 Naylor & Co. s Warehouse 
 
 Burned 144 
 
 Nazarenes 248 
 
 Neden, George xii 
 
 Neild, Alfred 223 
 
 Neild, William 211,292 
 
 Neill, Robt., xii, 307, 312, 313 
 
 315, 317 
 
 Neill, R. & Sons, Fire at . . 388 
 
 Nelson, J. H 242 
 
 Nelson, Joseph 179 
 
 Ne wall's Buildings 309 
 
 New Bailey Prison, 109, 114, 155 
 
 167; Silent system 192 
 
 Newbigging, Thos 420 
 
 Newcastle, Earl of 56 
 
 New College 412 
 
 Newcome, Rev. Henry 63, 64, 73 
 New Cross taken down, 102; 
 
 Excavations 239 
 
 New High Street cut., 310 
 
 Newman, F. W 354, 362 
 
 New Market Hall, Fire at. . 113 
 
 New Moral World 200 
 
 Newnes, George 384 
 
 New Quay Company 166 
 
 Newspaper, Munch. First . . 77 
 Newsroom for use of the 
 Gents. Glee Club opened. 222 
 
 Newth, Rev. C 285 
 
 Newton 124, 152 
 
 Newton, Daniel 100 
 
 Newton, Edmund 143 
 
 Newton Heath 414, 415, 417 
 
 Newton, John 94, 143 
 
 Newton, John, Estate Act.. 240 
 
 Newton Lane 41 
 
 Newton, Simeon Ill 
 
 Newton, Thomas 92 
 
 New Town Hall (see Town 
 
 Hall). 
 New York, Evacuation of, 
 
 rejoicings at 104 
 
 Nicholas Croft Improve- 
 ment Act 164 
 
 Nicholas, Empr. of Russia, 
 
 visited Manchester 151 
 
 Nicholls, Rev. Benjamin.. 96 
 Nicholls, Aid. B., xii,27S,361,3S2 
 
 Nicholls, Mrs 382 
 
 Nicholls' Hospital 3iil 
 
 Nicholls, John Ashton .... 278 
 
 Nichols, Humphrey 354 
 
 Nicholson, George 170 
 
 Nicholson, Thomas 292 
 
 Nield, Henry ."7:; 
 
 Nicld, Roger xiii 
 
 Nield, William xii 
 
 Night Asylum 202 
 
 Nightingale <fc Co's Ware- 
 house Fire 222 
 
 Nightingale Fund 269 
 
 Nightingale, Thos xiii 
 
 Nixon, Ralph, Imprisoned. 162 
 
 Nixson, H 310 
 
 Noble, Daniel 411 
 
 Noble, Matthew 293 
 
 Nodal, John H . . . 306 
 
 Nonconformist Ministers 
 ejected, 64 ; Resort to M. 64 
 
 Nonjurors S4, 117 
 
 Norniansell, James 224
 
 Index. 
 
 449 
 
 Page 
 
 Norreys, R. J. J 230 
 
 Norris, K K 404 
 
 Norris, James, appointed 
 
 Stipendiary 154 
 
 Norris, James 202 
 
 Norris, William xiii 
 
 North, Lord, visits Manch. 109 
 North of England Tulip and 
 
 Horticultural Show .... 253 
 
 North Times 392 
 
 Northcote, Sir Stafford 355 
 
 Northern Express 104 
 
 Norton & Co's Dyehouse 
 
 burned down 137 
 
 Novelli, A., murders his 
 
 sister-in-law 252 
 
 Nowell, Alex 37 
 
 Nugent, Richard x, 43 
 
 Xukaran-ud-DowlaBahadur 
 
 visits Manchester 381 
 
 Nunn, Rev. Joseph .. ..414, 425 
 
 Nunn, Rev. "Wm 209 
 
 Nunneries, Inspection of.. 261 
 Nunnery of Presentation 
 
 Order 190 
 
 Nurnay, Patrick 317, 319 
 
 O 
 Oak bough s pi a ccd on steeple 79 
 Oakley, Dean J. . . 398, 404, 408 
 Oakum Pickers' turnout . . 245 
 
 Oastler, Richard 235 
 
 Obelisk taken down 151 
 
 O'Brien, Bronterre, 203, 207, 215 
 
 O Council, Dan., visits Man. 209 
 
 O'Connor, Fergus, 203, 205, 215 
 
 217, 220, 244, 248, 255, 256 
 
 O'Donnell, F. H 392 
 
 Ogden, Rev. Ocorgc 74 
 
 Ogden, Henry 397 
 
 Ogden, James, " Poet " 130 
 
 Ogden, Rev. John 76 
 
 Ogden, John 206 
 
 ( igden, Samuel 105, 12 I 
 
 Ogden, William 180, 16] 
 
 Ogden, the constable 87 
 
 Ojibiway Indians exhihtd. 223 
 
 Okev, John 159 
 
 "old Hilly" 166, 168 
 
 Oldficld, K, njimin 213 
 
 Oldham, Adam 100 
 
 Oldham, Charles 143 
 
 Oldham, Err 143 
 
 Oldham, Bishop II.. 25, 59, 298 
 
 Oldham, John L43 
 
 Oldham, Margaret 268 
 
 Oldham's Tenament 2'.':: 
 
 Old Quay Carrying Co 224 
 
 Old s.i a 1 1,- Bast lance ■ . . 375 
 
 Old Traltord Bridge 869 
 
 O'Leary, John 413 
 
 Oliver, Alex 165 
 
 ( illerenahaw, Re\ - I [i Dry.. 352 
 Ollivant, Bishop Alfred '.. 892 
 ( ollivant, <;., factory burnd 184 
 
 Ollivant, Mr 268 
 
 Omnibuses L69 
 
 Onley, B., fined 282 
 
 Onslow, Guildford 847 
 
 ( )pen spaces 403 
 
 i Operatives, Number of.. . . L96 
 
 Orange Riot 188 
 
 ( Iran. "f. vi its M. 2SO 
 
 " ( Orders in Council," IVti- 
 
 tion against 
 
 Ordsal Station, collision .. 282 
 Ordsal Park 373 
 
 Page 
 
 Organs 70, 117, 363 
 
 " Orion " ss. wrecked 253 
 
 Orleans Due d', visits Man. 188 
 
 Ormerod, Elizabeth 165 
 
 Ormerod, George 165, 339 
 
 Orton, Arthur, visits Man.. 
 Osborne St. Corpor'n Baths 895 
 
 Outram, Francis . . 137 
 
 Overseers, Act forine'rp'tg. 27"> 
 
 Overstone, Lord 398 
 
 Overton, Thomas 22 
 
 Owen, Rev. Charles 75 
 
 Owen, Lev. Humphrey 115, 117 
 
 < Iwen, John, Fire 385 
 
 Owen, Rev. J 87 
 
 Owen, Rev. J. B 270 
 
 Owen, Richard x 
 
 Owen, Robert 200, 276 
 
 Owen, Mr., Fire at toyshop. 276 
 Owens College . . . 238, 2.'. t 
 
 256, 25\ 806, 307, 313, 317 
 
 323, :;24. :;:!*, :;n;, :;s7, 412 
 
 Owens College Magazim .... 313 
 
 Owens, John 237,256 
 
 Owens, Owen 237 
 
 < Oxford Road opened 117 
 
 Oxford Rd. Twist Co., Fire. 202 
 
 Packet to Runcorn emmed. 138 
 
 Page, Rev. J. A 376 
 
 Page, William 78 
 
 Paget, Nathaniel, M.D.... 68 
 
 Paget, Rev. Thomas 6S 
 
 Paine, T.. effigy burned, 
 
 120; Bones of 157 
 
 Pakington, Sir John 309 
 
 Palin, Captain W. D. .. 380, 389 
 
 Palmer, John 159, 238 
 
 Palmer, Joseph B 148 
 
 Panic 108 
 
 Panic in Wesleyan Cha] i 1. 
 
 Oldham Street 147 
 
 Pankhurst, R. M 390, 397 
 
 Pantechnicon 354 
 
 Tapal Aggression 254, 255 
 
 Papists rumoured about to 
 
 attack Manchester 41 
 
 Parcel Post 335 
 
 Paris International Exhib. 266 
 Parish Clerk appointed by 
 
 Traffords 37 
 
 Parish of Manchester Divi- 
 sion Act 259 
 
 Parish Hcgistersol I ,11 i h. 223 
 i. d 825 
 
 Parkes, Rev. William.. .. 
 Parkinson, Rev. Rich., 189, 
 Parks Committee 232 
 
 Parks, Mc t ropolitan, Ex- 
 clusion hnn 301 
 
 Parks, Public Meeting 229 
 
 Parks, Put. lie. opene I .... 238 
 Parliamentary Elections, xiv 
 
 xv, Jtvi, 186, Is;, i 
 
 ;, 2io 
 261, 271, 276, 277, ■: 
 : 17, 840, ,", 427. 
 
 Parliamentary Members .. IS 
 Parliamentary Ri foi m, .' 
 274, 27.'., ! 
 Parliamentary R on Benta 
 
 tives, Petitions for l - 1 
 
 Parnell, C. S 
 
 i' 11, Francis 
 
 Parochial A.1 123 
 
 Parr,< urtis,<tCo.Fire8at,216,283 
 
 Page 
 
 Panin, Robert xiii 
 
 Parrott, Thorn s xi 
 
 Parry, D. II 173 
 
 Parry, Joseph 172 
 
 Parsons, Rev. James 240 
 
 Partington, H., mrdrd.,152. 153 
 
 Partington, Thomas xiii 
 
 Paterson, Rev. J. C 327 
 
 Patrick, James 201 
 
 Patriot 157 
 
 Patriotic Fund 267 
 
 Patten, .Jonathan xi 
 
 Q, Colonel J. \\\. 1S2. 316 
 
 Patti n Nat 132 
 
 Pat teson, il xii. 375, 376 
 
 Paul, Lewis 82, 87, 92 
 
 Paul, William 129 
 
 Pauling <& Hemfrey's prems 
 mi t icked by turnouts.. .. 221 
 
 Paulton, A. W 204 
 
 Paupers, Number of 286 
 
 Paynter, David William .. 107 
 
 Peace, Maintenance of .... 151 
 
 of Amiens celebrated 129 
 
 Peace Society mi eting, 5, 263 
 
 Peace with Russia.... 267, 270 
 
 ick, H. B 285, 360 
 
 Peak Forest Canal 237 
 
 . Corporal 316 
 
 Pearsall, Oliver 429 
 
 Pi a on, William xiv 
 
 Sir J. W 
 
 on, Dr. J. C 3S1 
 
 t, William :■'.■ 
 
 I . Rev. .billies. . .. '.'7, 17o 
 
 Perl. John 251 
 
 r.'. 1. Joni than 129 
 
 Pei 1, Joseph Corbett 203 
 
 Peel, Mrs. Mary 128 
 
 Peel, Robert 
 
 Peel Park, 232,288,256,814, 369 
 Peel, in. il-:. sir i;.. r 
 17S, ISO, 250; Monument, 
 
 i5,261,268,265 
 i, ll-i. . T. II. \\ .. .. 112 
 
 Tellett, J. T 
 
 Pember, Mr 428 
 
 Pendilton, Francis x 
 
 Pendleton Alum Works .. 395 
 
 Pendleton Baths 
 
 pits fl led. 222 
 
 Pendleton, EUen 36 
 
 icis x 
 
 Pendli irge x 
 
 Pendleton, Henry, x, 38, 
 
 Pendleton, John 59 
 
 Pendleton, Dr. 1! 30 
 
 ton Mi n is I lancers. 119 
 Pendleton ft porter 871, 405 
 
 V. 
 
 lv, W 
 
 Pi nitentiary, 1 1 i 
 
 Penny Post i 260 
 
 PeopU t i v 7 
 
 Peploe, Bishop Samui 1 . . 78, 77 
 79. 80. 81, 82, S8 
 
 . S. , jun., War; 
 
 ■ l. Mr., robbed by 
 
 Prime 230 
 
 Percival, Dr. Thomas 113 
 
 Peivivai. Thos., ot Royton. 
 
 d 59 
 
 Perkins. J. II 
 
 Kill 
 
 Perrins, [saac 128 
 
 Perry, Mr., wareh'seburn'd 276
 
 450 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page 
 
 Pestilence 42, 57 
 
 Peter Pindar, of Lanes 213 
 
 Peter Street, Fire in 211 
 
 Peterloo .... 156, 15S, 163, 165 
 Petitions, Cartload of .... 214 
 Peverel, W. , Lord of Salf ord 8 
 Philanthropic Society.. 131, 142 
 
 Philips, Francis 253 
 
 Philips, SirG. 122, 142, 241, 42S 
 
 Philips, Lieut. John 194 
 
 Philips, Mark, 187, 193, 200, 215 
 225, 229, 339 
 
 Philips, Nathaniel xi, 139 
 
 Philips Park 232, 238 
 
 Philips, Robert 225, 339 
 
 Philips, R. N 251, 264 
 
 Philips, Col. Shakspeare .. 132 
 
 Philips, Thomas 142 
 
 Phillips, Charles, M.D 201 
 
 Phillips, Edward 143 
 
 Phillips, Eliz. H., Act for 
 
 selling her estate 131 
 
 Phillips, Colonel G 132 
 
 Phillips, Sir George 137 
 
 Phillips, Colonel J. L., 130, 133 
 146, 194 
 
 Phillips, Nathaniel G 183 
 
 Phillips, Major— duel 133 
 
 Phillips, Sir Thomas 431 
 
 Phillips, Sir Thomas 119 
 
 Phillips, W., visits Manch.. 119 
 
 Philological Society 131 
 
 Phonetic Shorth'd Writers' 
 
 Association 351 
 
 Phonographic Journal .... 216 
 Phonographic Magazine. . .. 230 
 Photographic Illustration .. 269 
 Photog. Soc. Conversazione 26S 
 
 Phrenological Society 178 
 
 Piccope, Rev. G. J 331 
 
 Pickford's Van Carriers 132 
 
 Picts invade Britain 2 
 
 Piers, Archbishop John . . 41 
 Piggott, Geo., executed .. 366 
 
 Pigot, Jame3 220 
 
 Pilkington, George 265 
 
 Pillory rem. fromMrktPlace 151 
 Pipers and minstrels forbid- 
 den to make bear baits . . 38 
 
 Pitman, Henry 2S1 
 
 Pitman, Isaac, 216, 220, 315, 360 
 
 Pitt Club established 144 
 
 Place, Edward xi 
 
 Plague IS, 42, 44, 50, 136 
 
 Plot, Lancashire . , 72 
 
 Plow, Rev. Mr 313 
 
 Pochin, H. D xiv, 311, 314 
 
 Pocklington, Rev. J. N. . . 290 
 Poetical. Satire of the Tunes. 118 
 Police Regulat'n Act Amdt. 218 
 Police Act came in force . . 119 
 
 Police Bill 144, 207 
 
 Police Bill, Petition against 269 
 Police, Borough, Organised 206 
 Police Court, Brown Street, 
 
 opened 206 
 
 Police Court, Minshull St... 315 
 Police C'rt, New Bailey, op. 190 
 
 Police Force 21S 
 
 Police, number of 151, 19S 
 
 Police Office established . . 101 
 
 Police Rates Act 210 
 
 Police Regulation Act 227 
 
 P.'lice Van first used 191 
 
 Political Dictionary 163 
 
 Pollard, Jonathan, factory 
 
 burnt down 127 
 
 Pollitt, George 214 
 
 Page 
 
 Pollitt, John 214, 374 
 
 Pollit, Wm., centenarian .. 214 
 
 Pomfret, J. B 195 
 
 Poole, John xi 
 
 Poole Lane Improvem't Act 164 
 
 Pooley, John 395 
 
 Pooley, Major 132 
 
 Pool Fold Lodge taken d'wn 142 
 Pool Fold Market .... 108, 113 
 Poor, Friendly Advice to the 91 
 Poorhouse, Act for providg. 117 
 Poor Law Bill, meeting of 
 
 leypayers 162 
 
 Poor Law Union dissolved. 252 
 
 Poor Man's Advocate 187 
 
 Poor Rate 121 
 
 Poor Relief from Natl. Fnds 312 
 
 Pope, Rev. John 130 
 
 Pope. Samuel 250, 252 
 
 Popish Recusants 39, 41 
 
 Population, xvi, xvii, 41, 52, 91 
 
 101, 113, 116, 129, 143, 164, 165 
 
 193, 215, 256, 260, 286, 330, 386 
 
 Porter, Joseph 76 
 
 Portico opened 136 
 
 PortugalCrown Prince visits 
 
 Manchester 399 
 
 Postage, Amount paid in. . 117 
 192, 313 
 Postmaster appointed, 134 ; 
 
 Clerical 188 
 
 Post Office.... 121, 1S7, 208, 211 
 34S, 356, 357, 407 
 
 Potter, Alex., fined 58 
 
 Potter, Edmund 394, 397 
 
 Potter, E. C 394, 403 
 
 Potter, Sir J xii, 253, 258 
 
 259, 262, 271, 275, 276 
 
 Potter, Lady 261 
 
 Potter, Louisa 349 
 
 Potter, Richard, M.P...218, 231 
 
 Potter, Sidney 349 
 
 Potter, Sir T., xii, 204, 20S, 212 
 218, 230, 231, 261 
 
 Potter, T. B 301 
 
 Potter, William 231 
 
 Pottinger, Sir Henry, visits 
 
 Manchester 230 
 
 Potts, Elizabeth 205 
 
 Poverty, Cause of 267 
 
 Powell, F. S 357 
 
 Powell, H., killed 203 
 
 Powell, Mr 229 
 
 Power Looms, 111, 117, 199, 428 
 
 Poynter, E. J 426 
 
 Poynting, Rev. T. E 367 
 
 Pratt, Joseph 165, 170 
 
 Prentice, A 192, 273 
 
 Presbyterian Ch.irch in 
 
 England Synod 236 
 
 Presbyterians 58, 62, 63, 64 
 
 Prescott, Catherine 152 
 
 Prescott, John 99, 142 
 
 Prescott, Turner 239 
 
 Prescott' sManchester Journal 99 
 
 Preston, Siege of 56 
 
 Prestwich, Edmund 67 
 
 Prestwich, Sir Elias, Bart.. 124 
 Prestwich Fmly. sell Hulme 67 
 Prestwich, Rev. John.. ..61, 67 
 Prestwich, Sir John, Bart.. 123 
 Prestwich, Sir Thos., Bart. 67 
 
 Prestwiche, — 55 
 
 Prestwiche, Sir Thos., fined " 58 
 
 Pretender, Young S3 
 
 Price, Bulkeley xii 
 
 Price, Evan 64 
 
 Price, F 319 
 
 Page 
 
 Price, H. R 381 
 
 Price, Kenrick 117 
 
 Price, Thomas 240 
 
 Price, Thomas, murdered.. 171 
 
 Prices 92, 94 
 
 Pritchard, Hugh 16S 
 
 Priestley, Joseph 147 
 
 Priestley, Rev. Timothy, 147.2S5 
 Priestley, Rev. William . . 175 
 Primitive Methodist Coll.. 382 
 Prince, Evan, Robbery by.. 230 
 
 Prince, John C 207, 250, 303 
 
 Prince, J. C, Fund for 304 
 
 Prince's Theatre.Oxford St. 294 
 Princess Royal of England 271 
 
 Prinsep, Val 411 
 
 Prison built 39 
 
 Printing introduced 41 
 
 Prison erected 95 
 
 Pritchard, Zachary 402 
 
 Probate Court instituted . . 243 
 
 Procter, R. W 382 
 
 Property, Value of, 148, 170, 195 
 Prospect of Manchester .... 145 
 Protestant & Reformation 
 
 Society 262 
 
 Prot. Disntrs. Charity Sch. 81 
 
 Proud, Rev. Joseph 120, 173 
 
 Proudlove, George x 
 
 Proudlove, Ralph x 
 
 Provident Society establsh. 187 
 Provincial Assembly of 
 
 Unitarian Ministers .... 315 
 Provincial Portable Gas 
 
 Works Company 170 
 
 Public Houses, Number of. 215 
 Purcell-Fitzgerald (see Fitz- 
 gerald) 
 
 Pullen, F. W 394 
 
 Pullman Car 349 
 
 Pulpit Record 391 
 
 Quack Doctors 125 
 
 Quakers (see Friends) 
 Quarter Sessions.. 135, 206, 315 
 Quebec, Capture of, celebr. 92 
 Quebec Fire, subscript, for 
 
 sufferers at 234 
 
 Queen's Park, 232, 238 ; 
 
 Museum 395, 406 
 
 Queen's Theatre open., 324 ; 
 
 Attempted arson 231 
 
 Quiltings, cotton, first made 96 
 Quincey, Thomas 120, 279 
 
 Races, 158, 192 ; Castle Ir- 
 well, 239 ; Heaton Park, 
 203, 207; Kersal Moor, 
 80, 85, 93, 104, 106, 1S5, 236 
 
 Radcliffe, Sir Alex 27 
 
 Radcliffe, Sir Alex, KB. . . 61 
 Radcliffe, Sir Alex., slain 43, 55 
 
 Radcliffe, Anna 44 
 
 Radcliffe, Edmund 44 
 
 Radcliffe Hall 39 
 
 Radcliffe, John x, 41 
 
 Radcliffe, Sir John, slain . . 49 
 
 Radcliffe, Margaret 44 
 
 Radcliffe, Richard xi, 64 
 
 Radcliffe, Thomas 44 
 
 Ridcliffe, William x 
 
 Radcliffe, Capt. W., slain.. 43 
 
 Radclyffe, Alex x 
 
 Radclyffe, John x
 
 Index. 
 
 451 
 
 Page 
 
 Radclyffe, William x 
 
 Radford, Joshua 273 
 
 Radford, Thomas, M.D. . . 3S0 
 Radical meetings.. 150, 155, 156 
 157, 1G3 
 Radicals (see Blanketeers) 
 
 Radley, Stephen x 
 
 Hatfald, Elizabeth, 101, 10b, 107 
 
 Raffald, John 107 
 
 Raffles, Dr... 211, 221, 23G, 240 
 Railways: Act f or amendg. 
 L'poolA Man. K'wayAct, 
 1S5 ; Act to make branch 
 of M., Bolt., & Bur_\ R'wy, 
 194; Line to Bolton, L & 
 N. W. R. Co., 349 ; R'ways 
 to Bury & Boltn. Act, 183; 
 Grand June, open'd, 200 ; 
 Huddersf. A- Manch. Co., 
 branch to Oldham, 238 ; 
 Huddrsf. At Man. At Leeds, 
 Dewsb'y, & Man tobein- 
 corpor'd witli L. (fc X. \V. 
 
 R. Co., 240; I.'i l& Man. 
 
 Act, 173, 175, 177, 1S2.199; 
 L'pool A: Man. Co., 168 ; 
 L'poolA- Man. Extn, 226; 
 Man. A: Bir'ham Act, 2n6 ; 
 Man. Ai Bir'ham, 200,210, 
 217, 218; Man. & Bolt, op., 
 202; Man , Boltn., <fe Bury 
 Act, 202 ; Man., Bury, & 
 Rossendale, 227 ; Man. Ai 
 Leeds Co. Aniendnt. Act, 
 199; .Man. A- U eds(L.&Y.) 
 Actpassed, 197; Mane. & 
 Leeds 206, 211, 218, Extn. 
 224 238; Man. A L'pl, 171, 
 180; .Man. a L'pl, original 
 projector, 202 ; Manch. & 
 Sfaef. Act, 183 : Manch. & 
 St'kport, Midi. Line, 852; 
 Man. to Wliitef M. L.&.Y., 
 873; New line to S'thport, 
 407 ; Slief. to Manch. Act, 
 199: R'way or Irani road 
 from Maii. to i lld'm, 172 ; 
 Accid. at Cornbrook, 358 ; 
 Railway club 268 ; Colli- 
 sions, 335, 344 ; Rates, 
 413 ; stat.- [ntei ference.. 400 
 
 Raines, Rev. !■'. R 369 
 
 Ralphson, Ri i . Jeremiah . . 70 
 
 Rtilston, John L89 
 
 Ham Mohun Roy risii - M.. 182 
 
 Rarosbottom, Robert 40S 
 
 Randall, Rev. Muses L90 
 
 Random Si actings 385 
 
 Rankin, Thomas 
 
 Ransome, Jbhn A 199 
 
 Rasbotbam, Rev. Doming. 183 
 
 Rasbotham, D 99; L02, 1 18 
 
 Raspi, 8ig M. A LIE 
 
 Ratcliffe, < ' aptain I 
 
 Ratcliffe, Benry 363 
 
 Ratcliffe, J. -Im " xii. 98 
 
 Ratcliffe, Rd., elected M.P. 62 
 Ratable value of Manch. . . 14s 
 Ratepayers' Association . . 10 
 
 Rawlinson, lit 304 
 
 Rawson, Henry ."17, 373 
 
 i., Fai i ory burned . . 135 
 
 Real Property Sales ;■ 
 
 Recantation 8ermon by 
 
 1 1 udleston 79 
 
 Record, Court of, 233, 285, 
 
 288 ; Amalgamation of, 
 
 810, 315, 818, 126 
 
 Page 
 
 Rechabites 194,422 
 
 Recorder 156 
 
 Recorder appointed 205 
 
 Red Basil Book- 125 
 
 Reddish, Mr., imprisoned.. 163 
 
 Redistribution of Seats 412 
 
 Redmay, Margaret, killed.. 125 
 
 Redmayne, Mr 343 
 
 Reed, Sir Charles 357 
 
 Reeves, Sims 224 
 
 Reform, Parliamentary, 117, 185 
 1S6, 187, 260, 277, 280, 292, 294 
 295, 301, 303, 304, 305, 306, ! 07 
 308, 310, 311, 318, 355, 415 
 (See also Radical Ref'mrs) 
 
 Reform Club 329 
 
 Reformatory, M. & S., op.. 272 
 
 Regatta 218, 342 
 
 Regenerator 208 
 
 Regent Bridge 140, 248 
 
 Registers, Parish 36 
 
 Reid, John 234, 312 
 
 Religion in Manchester . . 374 
 
 Religious Institute 328 
 
 Religious Tract Society . . . 144 
 Render &. Co., corn mill fire 411 
 Renshaw&Co.,fiax mill fire 210 
 
 Renshaw, Richard 27S 
 
 " Rental " of the Wests 23 
 
 Repeal meeting 244 
 
 Restoration 64 
 
 Retford, Giles 198 
 
 Reviews, Military, 132, 183, L94 
 
 247, 316 
 
 Revolution, Centenary of . . 115 
 
 Rcyn ilds, Francis 101 
 
 Rhodes, John, robbed .... 314 
 
 Rhodes, W. II 359 
 
 Richards, Rev. J. W 207 
 
 Richardson, lien xiii 
 
 Kiclianlsi.ii, Rev. Chris. .. 64 
 Richardson, Rev. Edward.. 69 
 Richardson, John, murdrd. 251 
 
 Richardson, R. J 207 
 
 Richardson, Mrs. Sarah ... 173 
 
 Richardson, Thos.... xi, 37, 09 
 
 111, 112 
 
 Richardson, William 93 
 
 Richson, Rev. Charles 305, 340 
 
 Rickards, C. II 251, 268 
 
 Ridings, Elijah 307, 431 
 
 Ridings, Francis 159 
 
 Samuel xi 
 
 Riflemen (si \ olunteers). 
 
 
 
 Mr., I Ire ai hi 
 
 , Edward 207 
 
 . Thos., boiler explo'n 
 
 at his works 243 
 
 Rilstone, Edward x 
 
 Riots 92, 94 LCX L0"5 
 
 ins, 122, 1 
 
 i 10, 143, 15 i, 168, 172 
 177, 191, 213, 218, 221, 241 
 
 Ripon, Marquis "f 367 
 
 Rishton, Edward 40 
 
 Risley, T 324 
 
 i i '.a formance 400 
 
 i Case, Mil 
 Rivers Pollution Commj 
 Roach, Ji hi., banged.. , I : 
 RoadActs.,78, I 
 
 L80, 183, 136, 137, l !■• 
 
 154, 155, 1 • . L62, L( 7 
 
 168, 169, L71, 172, 17::, 177 
 
 17 I, 181, l- ■ 187, LS8, 200 
 
 ■ 7, 264, 27t 
 
 Robberds, R ■ . . J. G 
 
 Page 
 
 Robbery, Highway 115 
 
 Robbery of Jewellers 26S 
 
 Roberton, John, M.D 359 
 
 Roberts, 244 
 
 Roberts, Richard 171, 180 
 
 Roberts, Sir W 426 
 
 Roberts, W. P 430 
 
 Robertson's Fact'y, Newton 
 
 Lane, burned down 155 
 
 Robinson, — — suicide.... 277 
 Robinson, Charles, shot .. 179 
 
 Robinson, H. Crabb 150 
 
 Robinson, James 132, 250 
 
 Robinson, J. Ranks 158 
 
 Robinson, John F 408 
 
 Robinson, Lavinia, drownd 145 
 
 Robinson, Robert x 
 
 Robinson, Samuel 409 
 
 Robinson, S. P 416 
 
 Robinson, Thos 282 
 
 Robinson, W., xiv., 220, 376, 379 
 Robinson's, Messrs., factory 
 
 burned down 127 
 
 Roby Ai Harwood's, Fire at 292 
 
 Roby Brotherhood 279 
 
 Roby, John, drowned 253 
 
 Roby, V hernial: 148 
 
 Roby, Rev. Wrn. ..lis, 179, 285 
 Rochdale and Halifax Canal 
 
 opened 134 
 
 Roebuck, J. A 347 
 
 Roebuck, Joseph 244 
 
 Roger of Poictou 7 
 
 Rogers, George 24.; 
 
 Kogerson, John, fined .... 58 
 
 Rogerson, J. B 278 
 
 on, Thomas 153 
 
 " Roll 1 all " 343 
 
 Roller Spinning Machine.. 82 
 
 Roman Manchester 1 to 8 
 
 I; an ( ' atholic Home for 
 
 Female Penitents 430 
 
 Rome, Meeting agst French 
 
 interference 250 
 
 Rondeau, J. B 288 
 
 Rooks 1' 2 
 
 Rooth, Rev. Henry 
 
 Rope over two miles long. . 234 
 Roscoe, Sir H., 305, 373, 391, 425 
 
 Rose Light 221 
 
 Rose, Robert 250 
 
 Rose, Thomas ::: I 
 
 Rosebery, Earl of 3S5, 115 
 
 "I., ihop Richard - 
 
 Society 868 
 
 ROSS Malcolm 
 
 Win xiv 
 
 Rosworm, CoL John 64 
 
 Rothesay Castle Steamer 
 
 
 child, Baron 240 
 
 Rothschild, Nathan M 140 
 
 Rothwell, Sclini 
 
 1 Robin 173 
 
 Routh, Martha 152 
 
 Rosin,,', Improvements in. 17S 
 
 Row Ley, ( ' , junior 
 
 Rowli I . . bin. 184 
 Rowlinson, Win 17s 
 
 Roxby, Mr 219 
 
 Royal plum 
 
 Royal Institution 167, 207 
 
 1 
 
 1 Ml 
 
 Royal School of Medicine.. 429 
 Royal Titles Bill, meeting on 357
 
 452 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page 
 
 Royle, Dr. P 325 
 
 Royle, Vernon 161 
 
 Rule Making, Introducer of 222 
 
 Rumney, Aid 310, 335 
 
 Rural Character of M 43 
 
 Rural Deans 236, 309 
 
 Rushforth, Richard 162 
 
 Rusholme Incorporated . . . 415 
 
 417, 423, 425 
 
 Rusholme Rd. Cem. opened 166 
 
 Rushton, Rev. John ..223,312 
 
 Rushworth, Richard xii 
 
 Ruskin Society 394 
 
 Russell, J. A., Q.C 31S 
 
 Russell, James, killed 218 
 
 Russell, J. S 313 
 
 Russell, Lord John. . . . 253, 275 
 Russell, Rev. Radclyffe. . . . 09 
 
 Rutter, Sam 256 
 
 Rutter, W. S 186, 210, 319 
 
 Ryder, Joseph xi 
 
 Ryland's Warehouse on Fire 266 
 
 Saalflelds Warehouse, Dick- 
 enson Street 207 
 
 Sabbath 38, 184 
 
 Sackville Street, Fire in . . 357 
 
 Sadler, Mr 112, 143 
 
 Saint-Saens, C 373 
 
 Sale, William, died 3S4 
 
 Salford Acts, 97, 172, 174, 
 176, 323 ;' Borough Exten- 
 sion, 264 ; Boundaries Per- 
 ambulated, 233 ; Bridge, 
 19, 23, 24, 50, 104 ; Bridge 
 Chapel made into prison, 
 59 ; taken down, 106, 200 ; 
 Charity Lands Act of Par- 
 liament, 103 ; Charter 
 translation, 10 ; Commis- 
 sioners constituted, 178- 
 9 ; Corp. Act, 28S ; Court 
 of Record, 237 ; Descrip- 
 tion of in 1650, 59 ; Drain- 
 age Act, 32S, 329; Free 
 Library and R. Mus., 265 ; 
 Gas Works, 161 ; Hundred 
 Court, 237 ; Improvement 
 Act, 179 ; Amendment, 
 307, 379 ; in Doomsday, 6 ; 
 Incorporation Charter, 
 226 ; Lyceum, 206 ; Me- 
 chanics' Institution, 202 ; 
 Natural History Society, 
 282 ; Plan of, 83 ; Police 
 Office sold, 218 ; Rental, 
 12 ; Royal Mus. and Lib., 
 249, 254; School Board, 
 3S4 ; Sewage Works, Mode 
 Wheel, 395; Town Hall, 170, 100 
 Salford, Pendleton, and 
 Broughton Reporter . . 371, 405 
 
 Salford Chronicle 430 
 
 Salfordshire named 5 
 
 Salisbury, Marquis of.. 317, 347 
 373, 406 
 Salisbury's factory burnt 
 
 down 127 
 
 Salmon, Jos. Whittingham 173 
 
 Saltonstall, Rd 73 
 
 Salvini, Signor 357, 404 
 
 Samuelson, Sir B 310 
 
 Sanctuary, Privilege of .. .. 27 
 
 Sanderson, John 222 
 
 Sanderson, Capt. John .... 85 
 Sandford, Rev. G. B. ..161, 262 
 
 Page 
 Sandford, Rev. Rowland . . 122 
 
 Sandford, W 161, 262 
 
 Sandiford, John xi 
 
 Sandwich Islands, Queen 
 
 of, visits Manchester 296 
 
 Sanitary provisions in Sal- 
 ford 388 
 
 Sarcinets, manufacture. . . . 166 
 
 Sardinian Workmen 25S 
 
 Satterthwaite, Dr 239 
 
 Saturday Half Holiday.... 224 
 245, 317 
 
 Savings Bank 153, 411 
 
 Saxons conquer Manchester 3 
 Saxony, King of, visits 
 
 Manchester 227 
 
 Saxton, C 43 
 
 Schiller Anstalt 425 
 
 Schofield, A 82 
 
 Schofield, Rev. Alf 381 
 
 Schofield, J 90 
 
 Schofield's Paper Mill on fire 187 
 
 Scholars, Day, Number of 187 
 
 198, 260 
 
 Scholefield, Rev. Jas...211, 267 
 
 Scholes, Hugh 24 
 
 Seholes, Rev. Jeremiah, 70, 74 
 
 Scholes, J. B xiii, 159 
 
 Scholes, Molly 268 
 
 Scholes, Rev. Nathaniel .. 74 
 
 School of Anatomy 429 
 
 School of Art 357, 368 
 
 School of Design 200, 202 
 
 School Board, Manchester, 324 
 339, 414, 425 
 SclioolBoard,Salford,324,339,425 
 Schools: All Saints' Sunday, 
 Clarendon Street, 176 ; 
 attached to Scotch Chrch, 
 192; Board, Every St. and 
 Chester St., 350 ; Board, 
 Memorial Stones, 383 ; 
 Board, Vine St., Hulme, 
 341 ; Cavendish Chapel 
 Day and Sunday, 250 ; 
 Christ Ch.Sunday School, 
 Hulme St., 1S4 ; Commer- 
 cial, Stretford Road, 233 ; 
 Day School for St. Mat- 
 thews, 266 ; Deansgate 
 Higher Grade, 406 ; Eger- 
 ton, Regent Road, 304 ; 
 Sch'l endowed in Levens- 
 hulme, 91 ; Fashionable 
 Boarding, 100; Greenheys 
 U. P., 256 ; Holt Town 
 R'gged, 322 ; Hope Chapel 
 Day and Sunday, 313 ; 
 Hope St., 203, 205 ; Sch'l 
 iu Ardwick, endow d by 
 the Birches, 8S ; Infant, 
 in Bombay St., Salford, 
 175 ; Infant, Saville St., 
 173 ; Jews', Cheatham 
 Hill Road, 257; Jews', 
 Derby St., 317; Lancas- 
 terian, tr'sferred to Sch'l 
 Board, 376 ; National In- 
 fants, Miller St., 214; 
 Oddfellows' Secular, 255 ; 
 Procession, 314 ; Rich- 
 mond Congregational, 
 Broughton Road, 322 ; 
 Salem Chapel, Strange- 
 ways, 325 ; St. Clement's, 
 Chorlton, 235 ; S. George's 
 Church, Hulme, 328 ; St. 
 George's Sunday, Oldham 
 
 Page 
 Road, 1S5 ; St. John's 
 Charity and Sunday, 
 Gartside Street, 175; St. 
 Matthew's Sunday, Liver- 
 pool Road, 175 ; Swinton, 
 235 ; Union Moral and In- 
 dustrial Training, 221 ; 
 Wareh'semen and Clerks' 
 Orphan, 385 ; Wesleyan, 
 Red Bank, 250; School 
 Mills, 92 : School Mills, 
 Epigram on the Trustees, 
 82 ; (see also Grammar 
 School.) 
 
 Schunck, Major Karl 331 
 
 Schunck, Martin 331 
 
 Schwabe, Louis 181, 230 
 
 Schwabe, Salis 264 
 
 Science Lectures 305, 373 
 
 Scots Greys 296 
 
 Scott, H. J. ..254, 256, 258, 271 
 
 Scott, Sir G 214 
 
 Scott, Sir G. C 296 
 
 Scott, Joseph 397 
 
 Scott, Saml. D., the Jumper 201 
 
 Scott, Thomas 100 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter 136, 162 
 
 Scott, W 286 
 
 Scott, Rev. William 330 
 
 Scottish Fete 359 
 
 Scramble Club 129 
 
 Scutching Machine Ill 
 
 Seager, Stephen 76 
 
 Seamen on Strike 256 
 
 Seaton, James 37,' 
 
 Seaton, Sir John 57 
 
 Seddon, Henry 115 
 
 Seddon, General Daniel . . 206 
 
 Seddon, F. J. V 296 
 
 Seddon, John 206 
 
 Seddon, Rev. John 99 
 
 Seddon, Joseph xii 
 
 Seddon, Rev. T 106, 121, 123 
 
 Sedgwick, Roger xi, 106 
 
 Sedition, Imprisonment for 162 
 
 Sefton, Earl of 297 
 
 Sen.BabooKeshubChunder, 
 
 visits Manchester 323 
 
 Sergeant, Rev. Oswald .... 266 
 
 Sergeant, William 192 
 
 Servants, Hours for 36 
 
 Servants' Registry opened.. 150 
 Sessions Court erected .... 117 
 Seventy-Second Regiment. 105 
 
 Sewerage 303 
 
 Seymour, C. A 354 
 
 Sevyid Barghash, Visit of. . 352 
 
 Shaftesbury, Earl of. . . 259, 277 
 
 805, 395 
 
 Shah of Persia, Visit of . . . . 337 
 
 Shakers 331 
 
 Shakspere's Birthday Cele- 
 brated, 236; Revivals, 34$ 
 Tercentenary, 296; Fair Em 50 
 
 Shambles 41, 162 
 
 Shan States 417 
 
 Sharp, John 257 
 
 Sharp, R. C xii 
 
 Sharp, Thomas xii, 213 
 
 Sharp, William 212 
 
 Sharp,Roberts,&Co.,Fireat 170 
 
 Sharp, Stewart, and Co.'s 
 
 Works, Boiler explsn. at. 275 
 
 Sharpe, John, F. R. S 190 
 
 Shar pe, Thomas 158 
 
 Sharpies, Dr 246 
 
 Shaw, Colonel A. D 421 
 
 Shaw, Sir C 207, 218, 326
 
 Index. 
 
 453 
 
 Page 
 
 Shaw, G 26S 
 
 Shaw, John 123 
 
 Shaw, John 378 
 
 Shaw, Joseph 96 
 
 Shaw, J. B 378 
 
 Shaw, Peter 52 
 
 Shaw, Mr 96 
 
 Shaw, Mr., saved from 
 
 drowning 201 
 
 Shaw, Jardine & Co., Fire 
 
 at the Mills of 326 
 
 Shawcross <fe Barnes's Fac- 
 tory burned 130 
 
 Shawcross, John 20S 
 
 Shawe, Mr. John 57 
 
 Shawe, Thomas xi 
 
 Shaw-Lefevre, Rt.Hon.J.G. 401 
 
 Shellard, E. H 253, 261, 265 
 
 270, 275 
 
 Shelly, Mr 229 
 
 Shelmerdine, Nat xiii 
 
 Shelmerdine, Rev. William 251 
 Sherman, W., appt. bellman 211 
 
 Shields, F. J 34S 
 
 Ship Canal to Dee Mouth . . 170 
 
 Ship Canal 3S9, 392, 393 
 
 395, 396, 400, 402, 403, 405 
 406, 410, 414, 417, 41S, 420 
 421, 422, 423, 424, 425 
 
 Shipnian, Robert M 347 
 
 Shipping Firms 346 
 
 Shore, John 171 
 
 Shore, William 361 
 
 Shorn :cks, Thomas xiii 
 
 Shorthand Writers' Assoctn 360 
 Shrigley, Rev. William .... 91 
 Shudehill..92, 132, 140, 163, 165 
 
 Shuttleworth, John 292 
 
 Shuttleworth, John 190 
 
 Shuttleworth, Sir J. P. (see 
 
 Kay-Shuttleworth) 
 Shuttleworth'sCharity fnd. 73 
 Siamese Ambassadors visit 
 
 Manchester 273 
 
 Sick Children's Hosp. bazaar 349 
 Sickness in Manchester .. 84 
 
 Sidebotham, Joseph 419 
 
 Sidebottom, James 291 
 
 Siego of Manchester 54 
 
 Signs, Street 99 
 
 Silk maiiuf. .. 161, 171, 195, 199 
 Silvester, Col. J... 127, 129, 132 
 
 BlmtDB, C. s 332 
 
 Simmons, Simon 143 
 
 Simpson, James 278 
 
 Simpson, James 261 
 
 Bimpson, Joseph 395 
 
 Single Women, orders 
 
 concerning 39,40 
 
 SkUliekorne, John 36 
 
 Skin Diseases Institution.. 194 
 Skinner, Captain M. W. .. 412 
 
 Slack, J. H., drowned 318 
 
 Slack, Robert 148 
 
 Slagg, John 425 
 
 Slater, Isaac 398 
 
 Slater, John 397 
 
 Slater, J. W 399 
 
 Slave to be sold 97 
 
 Slave Circular 354, 356 
 
 Slavery 191 
 
 Smelt, Thomas 224 
 
 Smethley, Leonard 48 
 
 Smothurst, i osepk 176 
 
 Smiles, R. W 276, 289 
 
 Smith, Adam x 
 
 Smith, Ann, murdered.... 135 
 Smith, Charles 143! 
 
 Page 
 
 Smith, C. Q 292 
 
 Smith, Duncan 116 
 
 Smith, Eliz., murdered 191 
 
 Smith, Professor Goldwin.. 301 
 
 Smith, Henry 165 
 
 Smith, Sir H. G. W 267 
 
 Smith, James 304 
 
 Smith, James . . 240 
 
 Smith, James : J ,7 
 
 Smith, John Benjamin 373 
 
 Smith, Rev. Jerem., D.D.. 138 
 
 201, 267 
 
 Smith, Jeremy 235 
 
 Smith, Joseph 370 
 
 Smith, Junius 232 
 
 Smith, Polly 190 
 
 Smith, R. Angus 404, 412 
 
 Smith, Samuel xii 
 
 Smith, Thomas 428 
 
 Smith, Sir W. S., entertaind 
 
 at dinner 141 
 
 Smith, Prof. William 348 
 
 Smith, William 198 
 
 Smith & Ingle, paprw'ksbrn 153 
 Smith <fe Rawson's mill, 
 
 Hope Street, fire 201 
 
 Smith, T., Man., publisher. 59 
 
 Smithfield Market 241 
 
 (See also Shudchill) 
 
 Smoke Abatement Exhib.. 388 
 
 Smoky chimneys 129 
 
 Smyth, Rev. E. . . 120, 134, 169 
 Smyth, Father, builds organ 
 
 in Collegiate Church 70 
 
 Smyth, William 427 
 
 Smythe, Hon. G. S 229 
 
 Snowstorms 265 
 
 Social Economist 2S9 
 
 Social liiiians 204 
 
 Social Pioneer 20S 
 
 Social Reform and Free 
 
 Trade Soiree held 263 
 
 Social Science Association.. 305 
 
 Socialist Congress. 1S2, 202, 213 
 Society for Promotion of 
 
 Scientific Industry 350 
 
 Soc. for Convert 'g Jews, 144, 148 
 
 Soc. for Promo. Clirs. Know. 146 
 
 Solemn Ex/tortation 59 
 
 Somerset. S., Duchess of .. 69 
 
 Somerville, Alex 248, 250 
 
 Sorbie, James 404 
 
 Somcold, Richard x 
 
 Soult, Marshal, visits Man.. 203 
 
 Soup kitchen op. by Quak'rs 216 
 
 S"ii]> simps opened 127 
 
 South Lancas. Bank .. 196 
 
 South Manchester Qazettt .. . 417 
 Southam, Geo., F.R.C.S. . 
 
 Southey, Robert 137, l>:; 
 
 Si luthern Hosp. for I Heeaees 
 
 of Women and Children.. .''1 1 
 
 Southwell, Charles 281 
 
 Southworth, Si]- John .... :','.) 
 
 Bowler, !.'. 8., Q.0 827 
 
 Sowler, Thomas 180 
 
 . Thomas 169, L92 
 
 Sowler, Thomas : ,27 
 
 Sparke, William x, 19 
 
 Sparrow, Sergeant-Mujor . . 66 
 
 Sjx ctator 155 
 
 Speed, Joseph 210 
 
 Spelling Hoc 
 
 Spence, J. M 869 
 
 Spence, Peter 36 '. 
 
 Spencer, Ld. R. visits Man. 112 
 
 Spenser, John 30 
 
 Spindles, Number of 153 
 
 Page 
 
 Spinning with rollers 83 
 
 Spinning factories, No. of.. 114 
 Spinning machine imprvd. 92 
 Spinning jenny .... 95, 98, 112 
 Spinning j'ny, double, inv'd 100 
 Springfield Lane Bridge . . . 379 
 
 Sguib 186 
 
 Stamp Collectors' Advertiser. 292 
 
 Stamp Duties Act 162, 198 
 
 Stamp Office in Manchester 346 
 Stamp Office rob'd, 268, 303, 306 
 Stamped Documents, No. of 342 
 
 Standish, Captain 55 
 
 Standish, Sir F., visits Man. 112 
 
 St. Andrew's Day 355, 425 
 
 St. Andrew's Society 
 
 Standring, John 897 
 
 Stanley, Abraham 110 
 
 Stanley, Bishop E 198 
 
 Stanley, Ferdinando, fined 58 
 
 Stanley. II. M 408, 123 
 
 St.tnley, Jas., Warden and 
 
 Bishop.... 23, 24, 25, 26, 1 14 
 Stanley, Sir J., at Flodden. 26 
 
 Stanley, Lord 23 
 
 Stanley, Lord, Dinner to.. 182 
 
 Stanley, Lord 293 
 
 Stanley, Lord 309 
 
 Stanley, Lady Mary M . . .. 164 
 
 Stanley, Sir Rowland .... 72 
 
 Stanley, Col. Thomas, M.P. Ill 
 
 112, 127, 130, 141 
 
 Stanley, Wm x 
 
 Stanley, Sir William 24 
 
 St. Ann's Churchy'd enclsd 155 
 
 St. Ann's Church 75 
 
 St. Ami's Ch. Register com. 81 
 Stanway, J. H., absconds.. 233 
 
 St arkey, Peter 52 
 
 Starkie, Thos xi 
 
 Starkie, Wm xii 
 
 Starkie, William 
 
 Statistical Society 189, 381 
 
 St. Bede's College 
 
 si riem.-nt'.- i i, .; 153 
 
 Steam Engine foi Spi i g 116 
 
 Steam Hammer 331 
 
 Steamer for passengers on 
 
 the Irwell 203 
 
 Steele, Rev. Thos 
 
 si. 1!, Joseph 
 
 Stephens, Edward, M..D. .. 
 
 Stephens, Prof. Geo 
 
 Stephens, Rev. J. R. .. 16 i, 
 
 370 
 
 Stephenson, Geo K'S, 480 
 
 SI ephenson, i.'t . of Worsley 187 
 
 nsoii, Robert 27S 
 
 Stern, Mr. David 417 
 
 Stem, Sigismund J lis 
 
 Stewart, C. P 841 
 
 Stewart, Rev. Wm 270 
 
 ho 8 
 
 i liarv Justice- . . - 
 
 Stipend! try M ap- 
 points i ". 114, 145 
 
 ..ss Theatre 405 
 
 I iy 
 Hill .. 155 
 St. Mary's CI) ip il, ColL Ch. 25 
 
 st. Mary's Gal 49 
 
 31 M - i! pital....268, 270 
 
 Stockport, John xi 
 
 Stocks remov'd fr, mi ilarket 
 
 Place 151 
 
 Jesse P 431 
 
 Stone, Daniel 337
 
 454 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page 
 
 Stone, Frank, A.R. A 278 
 
 Stonehouse, Rev. W. B. . . 288 
 
 Stonor, Hon. Thomas 246 
 
 Stopford, Rev. Joshua .... 67 
 
 Stordy, John 416 
 
 Storms 129, 147, 152, 189 
 
 191, 194, 204, 251, 252, 257, 261 
 265, 267, 291, 331, 339, 341, 352 
 
 Stot, Joseph 91 
 
 Stott, Benjamin 253 
 
 Stott, David 243 
 
 Stott, John xi 
 
 Stott, Captain Thomas 178 
 
 Stott, Thomas xi 
 
 Stowell, Rev. Hugh.. ..179, 255 
 267, 269, 270, 296 
 St. Peter's Field, Meetingsatl50 
 151, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158 
 Strange, Lord, Attack of... 54 
 Strangers' Friend Society... 118 
 
 Strangeways Bridge 151 
 
 Strangeways Chpl., Col. Ch. 24 
 Strangeways County Prison 293 
 Strangeways Park Ice acci. 138 
 Stratford, Bishop Nicholas. 75 
 Stratford, Rev. Nicholas, 66, 70 
 Street Acts, 205,227,264, 267, 268 
 Street Signs taken down . . 99 
 Streets Improvements, 103, 104 
 105, 164, 266 
 
 Streets, Number of 192 
 
 Stretf ord Chapel 28, 77 
 
 Strettles, Rev. J. B 430 
 
 Strikes : Oakum Pickers, 155 
 221, 245 ; 181, 184, 218 
 285, 293, 305, 326, 361, 368 
 Stuart, Charles, Young Pre- 
 tender 83 
 
 Stuart, John 366 
 
 Stuart, J., jun 248 
 
 Btukeley, Dr. W., Descrip- 
 tion of Manchester 79 
 
 Sturgeon, William 254 
 
 Subscription Library 99 
 
 Sucklinge, Sir John 49 
 
 Sudlow. John 130 
 
 Sudlow, John 325 
 
 Sudlow, William 130 
 
 Suet in bread 42, 43 
 
 Suez Canal 315 
 
 Suffield, Lord 97 
 
 Suicide buried at New 
 
 Cross 139, 239 
 
 Sumner, Bishop 214 
 
 Suns, Mock 59 
 
 Sunday Bands in the Parks 270 
 
 Sunday Closing, 266.290,307, 351 
 
 Sunday Crying of Papers. . 419 
 
 Sunday Opening.. 264, 341, 342 
 
 367. 369 
 
 Sunday Schools .. 10^, 111, 112 
 
 127, 145, 148, 155, 17S 
 
 181, 194, 20S, 350, 357 
 
 Sunday Scholar, First .... 268 
 
 Sunday Scholars and White 
 
 Hats 156 
 
 Sund ty Scholars, No. of . . 115 
 Sunday School Processions 
 
 (see Whitsuntide) 
 Survey of Manor of Mch. .17, 43 
 
 Sutton, C. W 372 
 
 Sutton, Henry 242 
 
 Swain, C 194, 344 
 
 Swallow, Charles 366 
 
 Swedenborgians .. 109, 120, 140 
 148, 166, 352 
 Swimming Baths in the 
 Adelphi opened 194 
 
 Page 
 Swimming School, Barrack 
 
 Street, Chester Road 309 
 
 Swindells, George 123 
 
 Swindells, H. H 409 
 
 Swine 36 
 
 Swineshead Abbey, Grants 
 
 to 8, 9 
 
 Swinton Moor 41 
 
 Swinton Schools 235 
 
 Sydall, Nicholas x 
 
 Syddall, Thos. executed . . 76 
 Syddall, Thos. jr., 85 ; exe. 86 
 Sydenham, Ld. (see Thom- 
 son, C. P.) 214 
 
 Syson, Dr. E. G 331, 425 
 
 Systematic Beneficence Soc. 311 
 
 T 
 
 Table Turning 264 
 
 Talfourd, Serjeant 234 
 
 Talsley, Robert 43 
 
 Tarquin , Sir 4 
 
 Tate, William .... xiii, 121, 137 
 
 Tatham, Dr. J. F. W 337 
 
 Tatton, T. W 41S 
 
 Tavard, Charles 193 
 
 Taxes 17 
 
 Tayler, Rev. J. J 431 
 
 Taylor, Cbarles, M.D 150 
 
 Taylor, Edmund 232 
 
 Taylor, Francis 335 
 
 Taylor, John 152 
 
 Taylor, John 273 
 
 Taylor, Rev. John 224 
 
 Tavlor, J. E., sen 89 
 
 Taylor, John Ed. . .153, 162, 224 
 
 Taylor, J. M 316, 319 
 
 Taylor, Medland 290 
 
 Taylor, M. and H 316 
 
 Taylor, Russell Scott 247 
 
 Taylor, Col. Samuel. . ..138, 159 
 
 Taylor, Rev. Samuel 161 
 
 Taylor, Tom 347 
 
 Taylor, Lieutenant Thomas 117 
 
 Taylor, Thomas 211 
 
 Taylor, William, murderer. 287 
 
 Taylor, Mr 60, 62 
 
 Taylor's shop dstryd. by fire 192 
 
 Tea introduced 74 
 
 Teachers' Union 344 
 
 Teare, James 312 
 
 Tebbutt, Robert, murdered 336 
 
 Technical Education . . 310, 311 
 
 313, 387 
 
 Technical School 392, 397 
 
 Teetotalism .. 190, 191, 193, 194 
 (see also Temperance) 
 
 Teetotaller 257 
 
 Temperance : Conference, 
 192,245; Demonstration, 
 383; Electoral Associtn., 
 312 ; Hall, C.-on-M., 251 ; 
 League Conference, 346 ; 
 Meeting, Free Trade Hall, 
 307 ; Reformers' Meeting, 
 277 ; Temperance Reporter 
 and Journal of Useful 
 Literature, 252 ; Society 
 formed, 179 ; Society of 
 Mnchstr. & Salford, 266 ; 
 Juvenile Societies, 193 ; 
 
 Union 292 
 
 Templar, Benjamin 371 
 
 Temple, Christopher, Q.C.. 326 
 
 Temple, Bishop F 316 
 
 Temple, Stephen 316 
 
 Ten Hours Bill 235 
 
 Page 
 
 Tennant, Sir J. E 220 
 
 Tennessee, Bishop of 313 
 
 Tennyson, Lord A 272 
 
 Terry, Charles 154 
 
 Testa de Nevill o 
 
 Tetlow, John xi, 128 
 
 Textile Recorder 394 
 
 Thackary and Son's Cotton 
 Factory burned down . . 135 
 
 Thackery Joseph x:i 
 
 Thackeray, Miss 408 
 
 Theatres, Early 90, 93, 94 
 
 Theatres — Comedy, 411 ; 
 Royal,103,13S J 140,192,234, 
 348 ; Burned down, 116, 
 226; Fire during Perform- 
 ance, 235 ; Riots, 123, 155 ; 
 
 St. James's 405 
 
 Theatres in Passion Week.. 305 
 
 Theft from a Coach 217 
 
 Thelwell, Mr 215 
 
 Tlieode <fc Co., Smithy Lane, 
 
 Fire at 267 
 
 Thiers, Alphon., visits Mch. 188 
 
 Thinking Club 122 
 
 Thirlmere Water Scheme. . 367 
 372 425 
 
 Thomas, J S 18s! 214 
 
 Thompson, George 64, 215 
 
 Thompson, Miss 343 
 
 Thompson, General P. . . 207 
 
 Thompson, Richard 175 
 
 Thompson, S. C 41» 
 
 Thompson, W. P 312 
 
 Thomson, Rev. Alex... 271, 315 
 Thomson, C. P., 187, 193, 200, 214 
 
 Thomson, Rev. Patrick 330 
 
 Thomson, Archbishop W.. 376 
 
 Thorburn, James, M.D 418 
 
 Thorburn, Dr. W 419 
 
 Thoresbv, R., visits M. 69, 70, 73 
 
 Thornley, Robert 143 
 
 Thornton, John 139 
 
 Thorp, John 153 
 
 Thorpe, Edward H 162 
 
 Thorpe, John 188, 255 
 
 Thorpe, Robert 255 
 
 Thunderstorms... 152,251,257 
 261, 341, 352 
 
 Thyer, Robert 108 
 
 Tib River covered 110 
 
 Tib Street Oakum Pickers' 
 
 turn out 245 
 
 Tichborne Claimant . . 335, 347 
 
 Tickets, Railway 274 
 
 Tide water power 237 
 
 Tidmarsh, T. A 222 
 
 Tillman, William 210 
 
 Tilney, Joseph 148 
 
 Tilsley, Rev. John 69 
 
 Tim Bobbin (see Collier, J.) 113 
 Timperley, C. H., 282; his 
 Annals of Manchester .... iii 
 
 Tindal, Chief Justice 194 
 
 Tinker, Robert 196 
 
 Tipping, George x 
 
 Tipping, John 125 
 
 Tipping, John 114 
 
 Tipping, Joseph 124 
 
 Tipping, Samuel x 
 
 Tipping, Thomas xi, 110 
 
 Tipping, Thomas, sen xi 
 
 Tipplers punished 36 
 
 Tit-Bits 384 
 
 Tithes .. 37, 60, 80, 90, 167, 176 
 Toad Lane (see Todd St.) 
 
 Todd, Rev. Thomas 222 
 
 Todd Street 49, 164, 1S7
 
 Index. 
 
 455 
 
 Page 
 
 Todman, Miss 243 
 
 Toll, Claim for 72 
 
 Tollbarnr.W'khotise renivd 219 
 
 Tollemache, Lord 365 
 
 Toll Lane widened 1 84 
 
 Tomlinson, George 173 
 
 Tonic Sol-fa Concert 367 
 
 Tonman, Rev. Thomas .... 116 
 
 Tootal, Edward 234 
 
 Touchett, James 173 
 
 Town Clerk's salary 419 
 
 Town Hall Builds, com'ncd 192 
 Town Hall, King St., 166; 
 
 last Council meeting.... 361 
 Town Hall, Albert Sq., 303, 
 
 313, 317 ; Opening, 364 ; 
 
 Copper ball on tower. . . . 355 
 
 Townend, Thomas 242 
 
 Townley, Col. F., execut. 85, 86 
 Townley, G. V., murder by. 291 
 
 Townsend, John 394 
 
 Townsman 131 
 
 Trade Marks 416 
 
 Trade Outrages Commiss'n 30S 
 Trade Unionists' Process'n. 341 
 
 Trafalgar rejoicings 135 
 
 Trafford, Sir Cecil 55 
 
 Trafford Chapel, Coll. Chch 24 
 
 Trafford, Edmund 22, 26 
 
 Trafford, Sir Edmund, K.B. 25 
 
 Trafford, Sir Edmund 26 
 
 Trafford, Sir Edmund 34 
 
 Trafford, Edmund 41 
 
 Trafford, Sir Edmund 41 
 
 Trafford, Sir Edmund 48 
 
 Trafford, Sir E., converted. 50 
 Trafford, Sir E., alchemist. 22 
 
 Trafford, H. L 2::::, 319 
 
 Trafford, Humph , Kir,, 121, 205 
 Trafford, J., Acts relating 
 
 to estates 121 
 
 Trafford, Jolni 14S 
 
 Trafford, Sir John 24 
 
 Trafford, Sir T. J.. 161, 190, 213 
 246, 262 
 
 Traice, W. H. J 424 
 
 Tramways ... 2S4, 348, 351, 362 
 
 308, 372, 377, 381, 421 
 
 Transit of Venus observed . 52 
 
 Travis, George, sen x 
 
 Treadmill 167 
 
 Tregenna, Rev. John 139 
 
 Tremouille, Charl'te, Coun- 
 tess of Derby 57,61 
 
 Trevelyan, Sir W 374 
 
 Trumpeters Daughter 403 
 
 Tube Frame 158 
 
 Tupper, M. F 2S4 
 
 Turkey, Sympathy with .. 265 
 
 Turkey-red dyeing 94 
 
 Turnbull, M. ." 90 
 
 Turner, B'p W., 257, 319, 327, 335 
 Turner, Ellen, abducted .. 171 
 Turner, J. A.. 235, 271, 277, S09 
 
 Turner, Thomas 431 
 
 Turner, Rev. William .... 277 
 
 Turner, Wright xiv, 804 
 
 Tweedalc, A.,murs.Claphm 234 
 
 Twist, export legalised 148 
 
 Tyburn Tickets ISO, 151 
 
 XT 
 
 Ulcerous sore throat 99 
 
 Unemployed Demonstrat'n 244 
 260, 403 
 
 Uniformity, Act of 64 
 
 Union and Emancipation 
 Society 301 
 
 Page 
 Union Bank established . . 196 
 Union Carrying Co., Fire at 212 
 
 Union Club 169, 196 
 
 Union Public Corn Mills .. 128 
 
 United Field Naturalists . . 370 
 
 United Kingdom Alliance 264 
 
 269, 292, 330, 374 
 
 United Templar Order 339 
 
 United Trades Co-operative 
 
 Journal 181 
 
 Uxbridge, Earl of 155 
 
 ■v 
 
 Vagrants 35, 155 
 
 Van made in 12 hours .... 287 
 
 Vaughan, Bp. H. ..335, 336, 364 
 
 366, 425 
 
 Vaughan, William 190 
 
 Vaughan, William 226 
 
 Vaux, Lawrence, Warden. . 32 
 Vauxhall Gardens, Colly- 
 hurst 196 
 
 Vegetarian Society ....261, 362 
 Velvets, Cotton, first made 91 
 
 Venus, Transit of 52 
 
 Verax Testimonial 370 
 
 Vernon, G. V 432 
 
 Victoria Bridge . . 202, 203, 204 
 205, 206 
 Victoria Gallery of Science 209 
 Victoria Mus. Hall, accid'nt 316 
 Victoria Park Co., incorp'td 199 
 Victoria, Queen, 200, 202, 
 212, 271, 304 ; visits Man- 
 chester, 258 ; statue .... 272 
 Victoria Station ..387, 404; 
 
 fall of roof 2S0 
 
 Victoria University 376, 3S7 
 
 391, 393, 400 
 
 Vigor, Allen 97 
 
 Vigor, Mrs. William 97 
 
 Viney, George 257 
 
 Vint, John 145 
 
 Vivisection 358 
 
 Voice of the People 181 
 
 Volunteers 107, 10S, 109 
 
 121, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129 
 131, 132, 133, 134, 277, 27S 
 281, 283, 291, 303, 304, 305 
 307, 308, 349, 352, 355, 40S 
 
 1*T 
 
 Wages 139, 142 
 
 Wainwright, John 97, 98 
 
 Wainwright, Dr. Richard.. 108 
 
 Waits appointed 33, 34 
 
 Wakefield, Edward Gibbon, 
 
 abducts Miss Turner .... 171 
 Wales, Albert Edward, Pr. 
 
 of, 215, 271, 290, 331; 
 
 visits Manchester 319 
 
 Walker, C. J. S 354 
 
 (Valker, Rev. E 297 
 
 Walker, Rev. Geo., F.R.S. 138 
 
 Walker, George xiii, 417 
 
 Walker, Rev. J 64 
 
 Walker, James, F.R.S 42S 
 
 Walker, Joseph 198 
 
 Walker, Robert It 
 
 Walker, Rev. R. B 289, : .2'.' 
 
 Walker, Thomas ..111, 112, 119 
 
 Walker, Thomas 149, 151 
 
 Walker, T 354 
 
 Walker, Thomas, M.A. . 195 
 Walker, Thos. . ..xi, xiii. 429 
 
 Walker, Timothy 216 
 
 Walker, Rev. W. M 189 
 
 Walker's Croft burial gr'nd 117 
 
 Tage 
 Wallace, Watchurst, and 
 Thompson's, Fire at .... 255 
 
 Wallack, H. J 234 
 
 Waller, Samuel 162 
 
 Wallis, George 225 
 
 Wallness Bridge 376 
 
 Walmsley, Aid. F. II. xiv, ::i;y 
 
 Walters, Col 250 
 
 Walton, Elijah 378 
 
 Walton, John 211 
 
 Wanklyn, J. B xiii 
 
 War against France .... 91 
 
 War against Spain 94 
 
 Ward, Rev. Abel 112 
 
 Ward, Andrew 203 
 
 Ward, Archdeacon 158 
 
 Ward, A. W 385 
 
 Ward, T. A 178, 195 
 
 Ward, Michael. M.D 187 
 
 Ward, Mrs., farewell per- 
 formance 151 
 
 Ward, Rev. Peploe, D.D. .. 158 
 
 Ward, Rev. Thomas 175 
 
 Wardle's Manchester Ob- 
 server 156 
 
 Ware, Dr. S. Hibbert 161 
 
 Wareham & Co.'s Cotton 
 
 Factory burnt 129 
 
 Wareing, Dr 246 
 
 Warehousing Act 258 
 
 Warhurst, Rev. Caleb 94, 97 
 
 285 
 Warren, Samuel, Q.C. . .212, 
 Warren, Rev. Saml., LL.D. 
 
 287 
 212 
 287 
 
 Warwick, the Kingmaker, 
 
 visits Manchester 23 
 
 Washington, W 143 
 
 Watchmen 35, 147 
 
 W T aterhouse, Alf. ..313, 324, 338 
 
 W'aterhouse, John 360 
 
 Water, Orders of Court Leet 
 
 regarding 38 
 
 Water Supply 140 
 
 144, 149, 153, 162, 167, 213 
 236, 240, 246, 257, 263, 267 
 275, 281, 295, 307, 352, 372 
 (See also Thirlmere) 
 
 Watkin, Absalom 286, 351 
 
 Watkin, Alfred xii, 361 
 
 Wat k in, SirK.W., 286,347,351, 408 
 
 Watkin, John 286 
 
 Watkins, W. B xii, 251 
 
 Watson, Arthur 381 
 
 Watson, James 159 
 
 Watson , J as. , t he Doctor, 131,159 
 
 Watson, Professor M 415 
 
 Watt, James, Statue of 268 
 
 Watt, Marian Legate 200 
 
 Watt, Colonel Mark 193 
 
 Watts, Alaric 169 
 
 Watts, <;. F 430 
 
 Watts, Sir .1 xii, 330, 367 
 
 Watts, Dr. Join, .. 807, 867, 413 
 
 Watts, Samuel 376 
 
 Watts'.s Warehouse 274 
 
 Waugh, Edwin 241, 250 
 
 ted 313 
 
 Webber, George 241; 
 
 Weights, Oi lew respecting 34 
 Wellington, Arthur, I tukeof, 
 
 177, 180; Statue .... 2-12, 270 
 
 Wemyss, General 247 
 
 Mi thodisl Confer- 
 ,111. 216, 
 1 entenary,204; Mediation 
 Movement, 264 ; Tract 
 
 '1 If*
 
 456 
 
 Index. 
 
 Page 
 
 Wesley, Rev. John SO, 82 
 
 87, SO, 90, 92, 94, 97, 100 
 107, 109, 110, 114, 115, 116 
 
 West, George, Warden 25 
 
 West, Rev. J. R. O 373 
 
 West, Captain James 256 
 
 West, John, suicide 386 
 
 West, Sir Owen 28 
 
 West, Sir Reginald 22 
 
 West, Sir Richard 22, 23 
 
 West, Thos.. Lord La Warre, 
 
 Fifteenth Baron 23, 26 
 
 West, Sir William 3S 
 
 West, W., Lord la Warr. . 30, 43 
 Westhead, Edward .... 402, 432 
 
 Westhead, W. W 141, 170 
 
 Westhead <fc Co., Piccadilly, 
 
 Fire at 255 
 
 Westhead (see also Brown- 
 
 Westhead) 
 
 Westhead's Mill on fire 346 
 
 Westminster Assembly of 
 
 Divines 58 
 
 Weston, J. W xiv 
 
 Whalley, Stephen 170 
 
 Whatton, W. R 195 
 
 Wheatlev, Thos., Premises 
 
 burned 234 
 
 Wheeler, C. . . 107, 109, 116, 174 
 
 Wheeler, C. H 189 
 
 Wheeler, John 107, 116 
 
 Whitaker, Daniel xi 
 
 Whitaker, James 139 
 
 Whitaker, Rev. J., 99,101,105,139 
 
 White, Dr. Charles.. S9, 104, 112 
 
 116, 144, 161, 315 
 
 White, George 246 
 
 White, H. K 414 
 
 White, Rev. James .... 175, 414 
 
 White, John. D.D 47 
 
 White, Dr. Thomas.. .. 104, 120 
 
 White, William 207 
 
 Whitehead, Aaron 143 
 
 Whitehead, Geo., Attempt 
 
 to murder wife 205 
 
 Whitehead, James, M.D. .. 415 
 
 Whitehead, Ralph 133 
 
 Whitehead, Mrs. Trafford . . 346 
 Whitelocke, Rev. R. H., 134, 1SS 
 Whitfield, Rev.G. , preached 
 
 in Manchester 82 
 
 Whit-Monday Fair 859 
 
 Whitridge, Rev. John 2S5 
 
 Whitsuntide Processions . . 128 
 
 269, 274, 277, 2S1, 283 
 
 2S7, 290, 293, 295, 303 
 
 322. 328, 332, 341, 418 
 
 Whittaker, Elizabeth (see 
 
 Raffald Elizabeth) 
 
 Whittaker, Henry 107 
 
 Whittaker, Rev. J. W 2'iil 
 
 Whittaker, Thomas 246 
 
 Whittle, James 340 
 
 Whitweek Buns and Milk.. 14§5 
 
 Whitworth, Henry : [o 
 
 Whit worth, Sir Joseph. . . . 331 
 
 Whitworth, Robert 310 
 
 Whitworth, Robert. . SO, 84, 100 
 Whitworth' s Mnchstr .Gazette 82 
 Wholesale Co-operative Soc. 294 
 
 Wife publicly sold 16S 
 
 Wilberforce, Bishop Saml . . 291 
 Wilbraham, Hon. R. B., 213,226 
 
 Wilcoxon, John xiii 
 
 Wilcoxon, Thomas xiii 
 
 Wild, Captain Benjamin . . 198 
 Wilding, James 85 
 
 Page 
 
 Wilding, Canon J 393 
 
 Wilkinson, Alex 188 
 
 Wilkinson, Matthew 127 
 
 Wilkinson, Thomas.. .. 143, 155 
 
 Will, Captain 219 
 
 Will-o' -the- Wisp 318 
 
 Willert, Aid. P. F..361, 364, 370 
 Willet, Miss, Postmistress.. 121 
 
 William III 71 
 
 William IV. Coronation . . 183 
 William ofGIoucstr., Prince, 
 
 visits Manchester. . . . 182, 133 
 
 Williams, Henry 246 
 
 Williams, R 104 
 
 Williamson, George 102 
 
 Williamson, Thomas 37 
 
 Williamson, Thomas 256 
 
 Willis, Captain 273 
 
 Willis, General 77 
 
 Willis, William 284 
 
 Willott, Ellen 45 
 
 Willott, Thomas x 
 
 Willoughby, Lord Hugh . . 80 
 
 Wilson, Alexander 235 
 
 Wilson, George . . . 249, 252, 256 
 260, 263, 267, 292, 294 
 295, 301, 306, 311, 325 
 Wilson, Rt. Hon. James .. 278 
 Wilson, John, of Ainsworth 94 
 Wilson, Captain John .... 115 
 
 Wilson, J. M 194 
 
 Wilson, Michael .. 209, 235, 261 
 Wilson, Sir R., Subscrip. for 163 
 
 Wilson, Thomas 254 
 
 Wilson, Thomas 261 
 
 Wilton, Elean., Countess of 149 
 Wilton, T. E., 1st Earl, 129, 146 
 Wilton, T., 2nd Earl, 161,164,387 
 Wilton, A., 3rd Earl .. 391, 412 
 Wilton, M. M., Countess of. 270 
 Wimbledon, highest score.. 316 
 
 Wine, unfermented 215 
 
 Wink worth, Susanna 409 
 
 Winrnarleigh, Lord 365 
 
 Winter, Benjamin Luke . . xi 
 
 Winter, Gilbert xii 
 
 Winterbottom, Archibald.. 400 
 Wirrall, Richd. , the Wayte 34 
 
 Wiseman, Rev. Luke 270 
 
 Wiseman, Cardinal X. .246, 253 
 257, 264, 288 
 
 Withington, John xiii 
 
 Withington, Capt. Richard 165 
 
 Withington, T. S xii 
 
 Withington Manor 19 
 
 Wolseley, Rev. Capel 413 
 
 Wolseley, Sir Charles 193 
 
 Wolseley, Ld. G. J., visits M. 393 
 
 Wolton, John 37 
 
 Woman voter 309 
 
 Woman whipped for theft.. 102 
 Women admitted to Manch. 
 
 Statistical Society 3S1 
 
 Women claim to vote 316 
 
 Women's Suffrage 428 
 
 WomenProtec'n,town'smtg 421 
 
 Wood, Alex 178 
 
 Wood, C. Malcolm 380 
 
 Wood, G. W., M P. 168, 189, 223 
 
 Wood, John, M.P 239 
 
 Wood, Kinder 145 
 
 Wood, M Bateson 413 
 
 Wood, Nathaniel 132 
 
 Wood, Ottiwell 239 
 
 Wood, Richard xii 
 
 Wood, Rev. Samuel, B. A... 250 
 Wood, Timothy 122 
 
 Page 
 
 Wood, Rev. W., F.L.S 225 
 
 Wood, William Rayner 407 
 
 Wood & Foster, fact, brn 135,142 
 
 Woodiwis, Francis 179, 325 
 
 Woodiwis, Miss 326 
 
 Woodward, Prof. CM 417 
 
 Woollam, John xii 
 
 Woodward, Mr 330 
 
 Woollen Manufacture, 13, 27, 28 
 
 Woolley, Dr. John 64, 66 
 
 Woolling, Chas 143 
 
 Wool ton, John 39 42 
 
 Wooton, Philip 167 
 
 Workhouses 39, 80, 95, 118 
 
 120, 268, 312, 313 
 Workmen enticed abroad . . 109 
 112, 114 
 Workmen's Singing Classes 222 
 Working Men's Coneerts . . 238 
 Working Men's Clubs .... 417 
 
 Worms, Baron H. de 387 
 
 Worrall, Ashton, hanged . . 182 
 
 Worrall, James xiv 
 
 Worrall, William, hanged.. 182 
 
 Wo rsley Brook Act 81 
 
 Worsley, Charles, M.P. . . 61, 62 
 
 Worsley, Peter 92 
 
 Worsley, Ralph 62 
 
 Worsley, Robert 39 
 
 Worsley, T. C 237 
 
 Worthington, John, D.D. .. 68 
 
 Worthington, John 237 
 
 Worthington, Rev. Jno. H. 174 
 Worthington, Samuel .... xiii 
 Worthington, Aid. T. . . xii, 401 
 
 Worthington, Thos 315 
 
 Wray, Rev. C. D 303, 374 
 
 Worthington, the York carrier 1 1 5 
 
 Wray, Rev Henry 374 
 
 Wren & Hopkinson's Works, 
 
 Accident at 341 
 
 Wright, Rev. P. B 249 
 
 Wright, Mrs. Martha 177 
 
 Wright, Peter xiii 
 
 Wright, Ralph 183 
 
 Wright, Thos 349, 430 
 
 Wrigley, Henry 201 
 
 Wrigley, Rev. Miles 162 
 
 Wrigley, Thos 375, 379 
 
 Writing not taught in Sun- 
 day Schools Ill 
 
 Wroe, James 229 
 
 Wroe, James 429 
 
 Wroe, Rev. Richard.. 69. 77, SO 
 
 Wroe, Thomas 190, 233 
 
 Wroe, Rev. Thomas 80 
 
 Wyatt, Henry 209 
 
 Wyatt, James 116 
 
 Wyatt, John 83 
 
 Yates, John Ashton 291 
 
 Yates, Miss 123 
 
 Yates, William 144 
 
 Yates, Mr., Epigram on .. 82 
 
 Yorston, Gilbert 413 
 
 Youil, John 194 
 
 Young, CM 137 
 
 Young, John 221 
 
 Young, Julia 137 
 
 Younger, Joseph 110 
 
 SB 
 
 Zanzibar, Sultan of, visits 
 Manchester 352 
 
 Zoological Gardens, Hlgh'r 
 Broughton S02, 219
 
 BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM E. A. AXON, M.R.S.L., 
 
 MANCHESTER, 
 
 mlembro corrisponsal de la sociedad de clencias flsicas y naturales de caracas j 
 
 Foreign Corresponding Member of the Numismatic and Antiquarian 
 
 Society of Philadelphia ; Honorary Member of the 
 
 North-Western Literary and Historical 
 
 Society, Sioux City, Iowa. 
 
 1867- 
 1S69- 
 1870- 
 
 1S72— ' 
 
 1S73- 
 1S74- 
 1875- 
 
 1876- 
 
 1877- 
 
 1S7S— 
 
 Co-operation and Partnerships of Industry 
 
 Poetry of the Bibliomania 
 
 Hints on the Formation of Small Libraries 
 
 Folk Song and Folk Speech of Lancashire 
 
 Literature of the Lancashire Dialect 
 
 Legend of the Disguised Knight 
 
 Black Knight of Ashton 
 
 The Strassburg Library 
 
 A Plea for Free Speech 
 
 Juvenile Smoking 
 
 Tobacco and Disease 
 
 Tobacco Question 
 
 Smoking and Thinking 
 
 On the Extent of Ancient Libraries 
 
 Future of the English Language 
 
 Physiological Position of Tobacco 
 
 Nixon's Cheshire Prophecies 
 
 Notice of the Rev. Thomas Threlkald 
 
 On the Relative Proportion of the Sexes 
 
 Guide to Manchester and Salford, Edited 
 
 mechanics' Friend. Edited 
 
 Harlaud's Genealogy of the Pilkingtons. 
 
 Edited 
 Book Rarities of Manchester Free Library 
 Bibliographical List of Books hi Lanca- 
 shire Dialect 
 Defects in Statistics of Books & Libraries 
 Statistics of the Deaf and Dumb 
 -Biblioteche Autichc c Moderne 
 Smallest Books in the World 
 Exotica 
 -Handbook of the Public Libraries of 
 
 Manchester and Salford 
 On a Printed Catalogue for the British 
 
 .Museum Library 
 Notabilia Bibliothecse Chethamensis 
 Glance at the Westminster Free Library 
 Statistics of the English Publishing Trade 
 Nixon's Cheshire Prophecies. 2nd Edit. 
 Song of the Nightingale 
 Book Rarities of the Warrington Museum 
 British Museum in Relation to National 
 
 Culture 
 Architectural and General Description of 
 
 the Town Hall, Manchester 
 Good and Evil of Tobacco 
 
 1879— Bolton and its Free Library 
 
 Sunday Opening of Libraries & Museums 
 
 The One-Legged Robin 
 1S80— Sunday in Manchester 
 
 Libraries of Lancashire and Cheshire 
 1881— Legislation for Public Free Libraries 
 
 George Eliot's Use of Dialect 
 
 Plague of Caterpillars at Clitheroe 
 
 Pronunciation of Deaf Mutes who have 
 been Taught to Articulate 
 
 John Ruskin : A Bibliographical Bio- 
 graphy. 2nd Edit. 
 
 Relation of Archaeology to Art 
 
 Corn or Cattle 
 
 On an Epidemic of Tricophyton Tonsurans 
 
 Literary History of Darnell's "Hermit" 
 18S2— List of the Leading Public Libraries in 
 the United Kingdom 
 
 Mother Shipton : A Collection of the 
 Prophecies 
 
 Did Shakspere Visit Lancashire ? 
 
 Milton's " Comus" and Fletcher's " Faith- 
 ful Shepherdess" Compared 
 
 Sunday in Lancashire and Cheshire 
 
 Cost of Theatrical Amusements 
 
 Field Naturalist. Edited 
 18S3— English Dialect Words in Bailey's 
 Dictionary 
 
 Education in Salford 
 
 Procter's Barber's Shop. Edited 
 
 Lancashire I Meanings 
 
 Caxton's Game of the Chcsse. Edited 
 
 18S4 — Art in Lancashire 
 
 On Fritz Renter's Story of the "Gans- 
 handel." 
 
 Byron's influence on European Literature 
 
 Cheshire Gleanings 
 
 Wardley Skull-House 
 1SS5— Hugh of Manchester 
 
 1SSG— Books and Reading 
 
 Soci.il Results of Temperance in Blackburn 
 The Holy Mountain 
 Annals of Manchester

 
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