'/ ^p f 3&. GIFT OF 2 o UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DEDICATION OF THE LIBRARY, 1912 THE LIBRARY JOHN GALEN HOWARD RED LETTER ANNALS OF THE LIBRARY JOSEPH C. ROWELL ADDRESSES AT THE DEDICATION OF THE DOE LIBRARY BUILDING JOSEPH C. ROWELL HERBERT PUTNAM LORING B. DOE [Reprint from the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA CHRONICLE Vol. XIV, No. 3] THE LIBRARY JOHN GALEN HOWARD To begin with I wish to say a few words on the general subject of libraries as the problem presents itself to the architect. I shall then outline the solution of the problem offered by the University Library at Berkeley. Libraries, speaking largely, are of two types. the single room structure in which books and reader- are assembled in the same apartment ; and the complex scheme, in which readers and books are separately administered. The former is the ancient, the primitive type; the latter is the up-to-date, the developed type. The first lends itself to intimacy, charm, freedom; the second, to formality, economy of administration, discipline. The single-room plan is suitable for the comparatively small library only. In proportion as the establishment in- creases in size, either as to number of books or as to number of users, this plan tends to cut off the head of its own usable- ness. It becomes unwieldly and out of human scale. It loses its specific qualities of intimacy and charm, and for the freedom which is really possible, or at any rate enjoy- able, only within narrow compass, substitutes an imprison- ment of grandeur. To sit comfortably at a secluded desk with all the books one needs close serried by one, best of all within easy reach on the shelves as one sits, without a call to rise, yet with ample elbow-room flat around for disposing open volumes which are actually in hand, to be encysted within a tiny chamber walled with books, in diameter two hand-reaches, in height a sitting and a reach, this is ye 243063 ideal library of ye perfect book-worm. And truth to say the closer a library building approximates such conditions for each and all of its users, the nearer it comes to ful- filling its essential purpose, which is and was and ever shall be not merely to house books, but to house books for use. Merely to house them is to make a warehouse or a museum. Of course the second type, the complex plan, of books and users separate, is the result of ages of evolution from the prototype. The single cell expands till the circulation of its blood (its books) becomes unviably sluggish, when the mother cell breaks up into a series of more or less vitally connected segments (or alcoves) each capable of sustaining individual life if cast adrift. Indeed the ten- dency is toward segmentary detachment, isolation and utter divorce of constituent parts which should be interdependent. Most old libraries have gone through the process of dry segmental accretion; and many are still in the segmentary or alcove stage. It is on reaching this point of its development that a library is ripe for a thorough-going reorganization, the pur- pose of which is to make, out of a congeries of many small semi-detached elements, an orderly and organic whole, with a place for everything and everything in its place. The large library, which has grown from a small one, is obliged to revolutionize its system and achieve organic unity if it hopes to realize its full measure of usefulness; for it can accomplish this only by placing itself unmistakably in the category of higher organisms. So far as can be made out one living cell is much like another; but of the genus homo erectus the individuals are nothing if not variant. So with libraries. An alcove is an alcove whether it be in the Bodleian or at Cornell ; but the modern family of bibliotheca erecta organica comprises members as widely different as the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris, the British Museum in London, the Astor, Tilden, and Lenox Foundations in New York, the Public Library in Boston, the Library of Congress in Washington, and many others scarcely less important, and as unlike these, as these are unlike each other. Furthermore within the great group of large libraries organically planned there is, between the strictly public libraries and the important University libraries, a broad line of cleavage, answering loosely to the characteristic divergence of their require- ments, though neither type has as yet become fixed and recognized even to the extent of ruling out of the field of study, a priori, any scheme which fits the site, and on the whole seems to stand some chance of filling the bill of a good working library, whether for the general or for a uni- versity public. It is as much as can be said at present that the tendency in large public libraries is to seek for more absolute separation of readers and books, with the accom- panying greater formality and elaborateness of administra- tion; while the more closely knit and more exactly defined character of the university community indicates for its library a greater intimacy and, at any rate for a consider- able number of readers, an elimination of administrative red-tape, that is to say an attempt to secure as many of the advantages of the one-cell, or alcove, idea as is possible without sacrificing the essentially organic arrangement and administration of the building as a whole. The public library tends to emphasize administration, and the loaning- out of books, the university library, book-use and the de- lights of it at home, that is in the books' own home. And this is in harmony with the fitness of things ; for the great public is mostly a crowd of strangers, while the university is, by comparison, a family party. The users of any large library fall naturally into two groups, those who must be taken care of, and those who may be allowed to take care of themselves. According as these two groups vary in proportion one to the other, more or fewer readers must be accommodated in the general supervised reading-room or rooms, more or less space should be set apart for private, secluded, unsupervised special reading- or work-rooms, and more or fewer persons may be admitted to browse or toil or listless bask in the lush meadow of the book-stack. Generally speaking the propor- tion of free users, those who need no supervision and may be admitted to almost unlimited privilege within the insti- tution, is greater in the case of a university than in a public library. Moreover the university need of seminar-rooms in the library is being constantly more keenly felt and more obstinately insisted on. There is here therefore a strong tendency to assign ever larger space for semi-private read- ing- or working-rooms supplementary to the main super- vised reading-room. Add to this, in many universities, as at Berkeley, the need of ample study-rooms for students at large who bring their own equipment of text-books for an hour or two of study between recitations and lectures and may not call for service from the stack at all. These adjuncts of the university library correspond measurably with the newspaper and magazine rooms of the public library. The characteristic differences of the two sub- types are thus seen to be somewhat intangible and inexact even though obvious in principle. The relative plan area required for reading-rooms and book-stacks having been approximately fixed by the deter- mination of the number of books to be housed and of readers to be served, the next point of primary importance is to secure the greatest possible convenience and rapidity of service between the stack and all parts of the reading space, whether general or semi-private. This result has been sought in a variety of ways, in different libraries, of which the three following may be taken as fairly typical. In the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris the main read- ing-room immediately adjoins the book-stack, into which it opens. The stack room is a square court lighted entirely from above. Except for an open alley down the center, the entire space, at intervals of about five feet on centers, is packed from ground to roof with books. At intervals of about seven feet in height iron gratings form floors, which are reached by numerous light metal stairs. The entire space is admirably lighted, the rays traversing the thin meshes of the gratings practically without interrup- tion, and shedding an agreeable diffused light everywhere. The reading-room is of about the same area as the stack, and is lighted by nine rather small circular overhead lights, and by three large round-headed windows placed high on the north side. The light here also is beyond criticism. The service between the stack and the reading room could not well be less troublesome. In the Library of Congress at Washington the reading- room, octagonal in shape, is in the center of the building, surrounded (or eventually to be surrounded as originally planned), by radiating stacks. These are each rather long and narrow, and lighted from the sides by windows nearly the width of the aisles between the book cases. The natural lighting leaves much to be desired, and electricity is largely used. The reading-room is lighted by eight large arched windows very high above the floor, close under the great dome by which the room is ceiled. The lighting here is good though all readers face the light, the disadvantage of this being minimized by the height at which the windows are placed. The book service from the stacks is by means of exceedingly ingenious mechanical carriers, on the prin- ciple of an endless chain constantly in motion, which runs vertically through the center of the stacks, horizontally from beneath the center of the stacks to a point beneath the center of the reading-room, and thence vertically to the delivery desk, which is thus in the middle of the reading- room floor. The service seems to give satisfaction, though it must, evidently, be at considerable expense, both in money and in reading-room space given up to the delivery desk and its approaches. In the New York Public Library the main reading-room is placed directly above the stacks, at the top of the build- ing, being reached by numerous stairs and elevators. The building has only recently come into use and there is some diversity of opinion as to whether the lighting is altogether satisfactory. The room is long in a north-south direction, with a range of high arched windows on the west, and a similar range on the east interrupted by the central body of the building. No light is admitted from above, and the ceiling is decorated in deep colors so that there is less diffu- sion of the side light than would otherwise be the case. The stack, placed as it is directly below the reading-room, can of course be lighted only from the sides. As the space is unusually wide for a book stack, in order to give suf- ficient width for the reading-room above, it is necessary to use electricity to a large extent. The book service is by means of lifts or mechanical carriers. Experience in a multitude of instances seems to indicate that the best light for a reading-room is from the north, supplemented by some light from above, in order to give diffusion; a ray of sun from east and west may be per- mitted for cheer but must be regulated and should not be depended upon. What is the best lighting for stacks is more uncertain than for reading-rooms. Fortunately the problem is less important. There are those who advocate artificial light only for stacks; but daylight is surely no disadvantage. Top-light with glass floors is probably the best, so far as the light itself is concerned, providing it can be properly controlled, and the disadvantage of heat from direct overhead rays obviated. So much for libraries in general. Now for the library of the University of California. Let me briefly outline the programme as it presented itself, combining as it did nearly all of the problems which are ever likely to present them- selves in library planning. First it was to be planned to house, in the main book- stack, a million volumes, a large library; then it was to accommodate five hundred readers or more in supervised reading-rooms, and provide in addition for an exception- ally large number of semi-private reading rooms or sem- inars; furthermore the greatest possible intimacy of use by faculty and privileged students was desired, yet under such conditions that this intimacy itself could be controlled, or, if desired, withdrawn. All these requirements were to be met with a minimum of administrative force, and at a minimum cost of construction; and the building was more- over to be erected in two approximately equal installments. The site was difficult on account of its steep and irregular slope; and the relation of the library to the many other buildings of the group of which it was to form a part necessarily influenced the design. The type of arrangement which was first considered was a T shaped plan of stack, with two nearly square reading- rooms in the armpits of the T, lighted from above and surrounded, on the sides opposite the stack, by seminars. Objections to this scheme were, among others, the diffuse- ness and inconvenience of the stack; the lighting of the reading-rooms only from above (generally conceded to be the worst for reading) ; and the isolation of the seminars from the stack. After many other schemes had been tried and found wanting, the plan of the present building was adopted, as giving the best practicable solution. The con- trolling idea of this plan is that the stack is the heart of the organism, from which radiates the life-blood of books to all the readers. The stack is therefore placed in the center of the structure, in a court one hundred feet square, nine (or, perhaps, in the future, ten) stack stories in height (I am speaking of the completed building), and lighted from above. The stack court is surrounded by a corridor, from which open a series of reading-rooms which form a chain entirely round the building. The main read- ing-room takes up the whole length of the north front, on the second story, and is lighted chiefly by high north win- dows, supplemented by a single great arched window on the east and west ends, and by three ceiling lights. The floor of the main reading-room is on a level with the fifth stack story, that is, the center of gravity of the books in the stack, which are conveyed to this level in electric lifts. The corridor between the stack and the main reading- 10 room is expanded into a spacious delivery-room, from which stairs descend to the entrance. On the ground floor, under the main reading-room, are two special reading- or study- rooms, lighted like the rooms above, from the north; these rooms are at}out equally divided into stack-space and read- ing-space; the latter, of course, adjoining the north win- dows. The east, south, and west fronts of the building give a continuous range of seminars and studies of varied sizes outside the corridor which surrounds the stack court. The basement is devoted to packing- and work-rooms, etc., with a service entrance from the rear. Owing to a lack of funds, only a little more than half of the library has thus far been built. Eventually there will be two more stories of seminars round the court, the reading-room, and delivery- room now running through the height of these two future stories. At present, too, only the lower portion of the north half of the stack is in place. A few data as to dimensions and materials may be interesting and valuable as a matter of record in this con- nection. The main front of the building measures 224 feet and 6 inches in length, and is 60 feet in height to the top of the cornice; from front to rear is 262 feet. The main reading-room is 53 feet by 210 feet in size, and 45 feet in height from the floor to the highest point of the elliptical barrel vault with which the room is ceiled. The two large ground-floor reading-rooms are each 61 feet by 88 feet in plan and 14 feet high in the clear; a space 35 feet in width nearest the windows is reserved for reading and working, the rear portions of the rooms being given up to special stacks. The catalogue and delivery-room is 28 feet by 134 feet, and 28 feet high, lighted from above. The corridors are, in general, 13 feet wide. The seminars, of various widths, are 31 feet deep from window to corridor wall, and 12 feet high in the clear, the wide windows coming quite to the ceiling and giving perfect light through- out. The exterior of the building is of white granite from Raymond, California. The roofs are red "Mission" tile 11 with copper cresting, gutters, etc. Plate glass is used throughout. All floors are covered with the heaviest battle- ship linoleum. The building is steel-framed and fireproof of the highest class, all doors, sashes and trim stacks and book-cases being of metal. The cost of the building to date is $698,278.16, not including furniture and other fittings. Just a word on the "style" of the building, classic, of course, in a general way, as behooves the House of Books of a great modern institution of learning. The frontispiece of the structure, containing the main reading-room, is de- veloped as the blossom of the library; its efflorescence, typifying dissemination, expressed by the Corinthian order of the exterior. The capitals are of half-opened acanthus fronds, from among which serpents (symbol of Athene), rise and coil to uphold an open book. For the rest, the building derives rather from Ionic tradition (in deference to Athene's headship of Ionic states), the fundamental feel- ing of such more restrained design being interwoven with the richer Corinthian, in some such fashion as Ictinus mingled an Ionic strain with the Doric of his Parthenon, or imagined the earliest Corinthian to complete the Ionic colonnade at Bassae. The Ionic lines of the portions of our structure which are yet to be, play through the flower-like order of the front and themselves emerge and fully bloom only in the two colonnettes which surmount the central portal. 12 RED LETTER ANNALS OF THE LIBRARY J. C. EOWELL In its earlier period the history of the library of the University of California closely resembles that of other col- legiate collections. There is the same scantiness of books, and of means for their purchase ; it does not in any appre- ciable degree meet the needs of the academic community, and consequently it is a quiet, and rather unfrequented place. But gradually the collection grows, with the attrac- tive power of a magnet, until the services of a regular libra- rian become^ necessary. He familiarizes himself with his material; by classification he evolves order out of chaos, catalogs, indexes the meaty books, begs and borrows, and gradually develops a "working" collection that invites and in some measure satisfies the inquirer. Then follow at inter- vals gifts of books and money, endowments and bequests; but, generally, the resources of the library fail to keep pace with the progressively larger and urgent demands of an expanding university. In 1868 the College of California transferred to the University its collection of books numbering 1036 volumes, about one half of which were of a religious nature, pre- sented by Rev. Leyi Hart (of Plymouth, Mass.). The other portion was contributed principally by the college in- structors. These, together with later accessions, were located in the top story of Brayton Hall one of the college buildings in 12th street, Oakland. 13 In 1870 the Regents purchased the rather small, but valuable, collection by Alexander S. Taylor of Voyages and Californiana, some of which are not duplicated in the great Bancroft library. The gift in 1871 of a modern encyclopedia and numer- ous standard works of history and literature, by Edmond L. Goold, was the first noteworthy one in our history. In this manner he gracefully returned a fee of $500 paid him by the Regents for legal services. From the date of his arrival in 1872 President D. C. Oilman took a very active interest in the library, and sev- eral thousand volumes were given by him and by his friends on Atlantic and Pacific shores. He had been a successful librarian, and realized more fully than others the import- ance of a library in educational work. In 1873 a little suggestion by President Gilman in the daily press brought a check of $2000 from Michael Reese, the banker, to secure the library on economics and politics of Prof. Francis Lieber of Columbia College. On Dr. Oil- man's initiative the legislature appropriated $4,800 for the purchase of books. In 1873 also was received by bequest the private library (1500 vols.) of F. L. A. Pioche, another San Francisco banker. This embraced some art books of high value (like the Louvre gallery), and choice editions of French authors in Parisian bindings, prized by book lovers. William Sharon in the same year presented extensive bound files of newspapers of great historic worth. With the removal of the University to Berkeley in the summer of 1873 the library was newly located in the north end of South Hall, and ever and anon it was disinfected up to modern standards of sanitation by the chlorine vapors generously flowing from the chemical laboratory at the other end of the hall. With its handsome walnut book- cases, a few paintings and the five bronzes by Barbedienne (given by Charles Mayne), the large room presented a very attractive appearance. 14 In 1875 the medical library of Dr. Victor Fourgeaud was presented by his widow and daughter. Our quarters rapidly became too small, and in 1876 Henry Douglass Bacon, a resident of Oakland, offered $25,000 toward the erection of a library building, pro- vided the state would give an equal amount. The legis- lature of 1878 ordered the appropriation, and the Bacon building, designed by Architect John A. Remer, was ready for occupancy in the summer of 1881. In 1881-82 library accessions numbered 3724 bound volumes, exceeding by 257 the combined receipts of the preceding five lean years. This is explained partly by the fact that the first library endowment $50,000 received July 2, 1879, by bequest of Michael Reese, had come into bearing. Since the beginning, by wise resolution of the Regents, only the interest of this endowment has been ex- pended, and this interest up to June 30, 1911, totaled $99,- 269.80, every dollar going into books according to the terms of the bequest. A splendid fruitage, and the principal sum, intact, continues to yield its increase ! Mr. Bacon not only gave money, but, with unexampled generosity, in his own lifetime he stripped his residence of paintings and statuary and sent them to the University, together with his private library (1410 volumes) of choicest books, mostly in fine bindings by Bedford, Riviere, Hayday, and Clark (of Edinburgh). For furnishing the new building the legislature of 1881 appropriated $10,000. The graduating class of 1883 purchased for the library about three score of very desirable books, having them bound in morocco of the class color. This exemplary action has been followed by other classes, and several small en- dowments for library purposes have been made by 1874, 1885, 1897, 1900, 1902 and 1907. In 1883, by courtesy of Congressman James H. Budd, the library was made a depositary for all United States public documents. 15 In 1884 a German Library fund of over $2,000 was contributed by friends of the institution at the instance of Professor Albin Putzker. The first bequest by any alumnus of this University was that by Frank W. Maher, '78, who gave his working col- lection of Civil Engineering books. In 1885 the legislature appropriated $10,000 for books for the library. Mr. Andrew Smith Hallidie presented some 600 volumes of 17th and 18th century literature, largely theological. Mr. Hallidie and John W. Dwinelle were pioneer colleagues on the Board of Regents and in earlier years both aided the library in many practical ways. In 1887 was passed the first legislative act creating a state university fund from the proceeds of a one cent tax upon each one hundred dollars of taxable property in Cali- fornia. As books were not considered legally to be " per- manent improvements" the library did not directly bene- fit except in 1905-08 when a contrary opinion prevailed and $15,000 were set aside for books from the building fund, but other pressing needs of the institution were thereby met, and the Regents found more moneys in the general fund available for library use. For some years the library afforded cellar space for use of the Viticultural department of the university. Such combination of books and bottles is probably unique in the history of college libraries. About 1890 exigencies of space compelled the removal of casks and cobwebs. The spiritual atmosphere in a measure was retained, however, by shelv- ing there our agricultural and vinicultural books. In 1893 the classification scheme of the library was fin- ished in its preliminary form and applied in the marking and arrangement of books. In 1893 the first two of the University's present exten- sive series of publications namely Geology and Educa- tion began to appear, antedating all the rest by ten or more years. As early as 1884 systematic effort had begun 16 to be made by the library to inaugurate exchange with his- torical and other societies and foreign universities. These publications afforded a new basis for exchange, and hence- forth applications met with more generally favorable re- sponse. In 1894 the valued auxiliary services of interlibrary loans of books, first advocated by this library in 1886, was authorized in a limited measure, and was fully adopted in 1898. In 1894 also Mary Jucksch deeded to the University a lot in West Berkeley, which, combined with her later gifts in 1896 and 1901, covers more than an acre of land. While the present annual income is small, its cumulative result is large. Mrs. Sarah P. Walsworth in 1895 presented 1410 vol- umes. An auspicious begining of our separate collection of published writings by California Authors was made by the gift of 300 volumes, being the California Women's Lit- erary Exhibit at the Chicago Exposition. In 1896 evening opening of the library was inaugurated during the last two months of the spring term. The initial expense ($1000) for fixtures and installation was borne by Levi Strauss, Louis Sloss, J. L. Flood and G. W. McNear. After a discontinuance for one year, regular evening ser- vice was resumed without further interruption except for a few months in 1911 upon the first occupancy of the Doe building. The State Viticultural Commission's library was incor- porated, and in 1902, the California Winemaker's Corpora- tion collection of 230 volumes was added, so that the Uni- versity's collection of books on grape culture and wine making has become probably the best in America. Valuable sets of law reports and digests (402 volumes) were presented by alumni and the Bancroft- Whitney Com- pany. At the suggestion of Hon. T. F. Bayard, the British Gov- ernment presented the costly set of the scientific results of the voyage of the Challenger. 17 In 1897 the Semitic department was given a big start by donations from Louis Sloss and Alfred Greenebaum. Later gifts by the Congregation Emanu-El of San Fran- cisco, the noteworthy Jacob Voorsanger gift in 1906, and our own purchases, have made the aggregation fairly repre- sentative. The Robert E. Cowan collection of California (820 vol- umes, 3000 pamphlets, and hundreds of manuscripts) was added by the generosity of Collis P. Huntington. James K. Moffitt, '86, made the first of his many gifts of money for books. Up to June 30, 1911, 1931 volumes have been received through his continued kindness. Mrs. Mary A. Avery gave over 300 volumes from the library of Benjamin Parke Avery, truly indicative of the liberal culture and artistic aspirations of this beloved Cali- fornian. In 1899, by bequest of Professor George Morey Richard- son, 1,018 scholarly works were received. Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst presented fifty or more costly works on Architecture, with gifts in later years of at least 500 other volumes of similar character, and a magnificent copy of Piranesi the chief among our many treasures. President Wheeler's advent in the fall of 1899 signalized greater activity in library affairs. In every possible way he called attention to the inadequacy of our collection, and the building in which it was housed, to the needs of a great university. The stream of individual gifts, which had been growing during the latter part of this decade, swelled to a much larger flow immediately. His first public utterance (Oct. 26, 1899), elicited a response from Regent E. A. Denicke, who gave $1000 as a fund for books, which he supplemented with annual gifts, and to which Mrs. Denicke added (Oct., 1911), the further sum of $1000. In 1901 a library committee of the graduate council was appointed to advise and collaborate with the librarian in matters of policy and particularly as to expenditures of funds, which were then increased by appropriation of much greater amounts from the treasury of the university. 18 The first purchases of books with the Jane Krom Sather endowment were made this year, and in the following year 2130 volumes of law reports and text books came as an extra gift from her. Mrs. Martha E. Hallidie presented the library (2,500 vols.) of the late Regent Hallidie, rich in technological literature. In 1902 the extensive biological and geological collection of the revered Joseph Le Conte was given by Mrs. Le Conte. To our small collection of manuscripts which form a conspicuous and sometimes all-important part of European libraries Mrs. Hearst gave several beautiful specimens. The first we ever received were two curious Siamese mss. given in 1887 by Prof. C. B. Bradley. Our first summer school of Library Economy was held in 1902, the second and third occurring in 1906 and 1907. These opportunities for technical instruction have been eagerly embraced, and many of the students now hold important positions in the library field in this state. In 1902 also were received from Glaus Spreckels $11,- 675 for books in history, politics and economics; and from Mrs. Ethel W. Crocker, $2,500 for the beginning of a physiological library, supplemented with later gifts $1000 in 1905 and $1000 in 1911. In 1903 the Phoebe A. Hearst Architectural Plan, as modified by Professor John Galen Howard, was finally approved and accepted by the Regents. An extensive addition to the Bacon Building was com- pleted, providing storage space for 80,000 more books, and six seminary rooms for graduate work. The change of the catalog to one of ''standard" size was begun, but was not finished until 1908. The bequest in 1904 by Charles Franklin Doe of twenty- four per cent of his entire estate, being $595,492.99, with income later derived from the same amounting (Dec. 31, 1911), to $148,957.91, constitutes the most important event in the entire history of the library. 19 In 1905 we received the Karl Weinhold library of Ger- manic linguistics, folklore, and literature purchased for us by John D. Spreckels at a cost of $7,000. The collection of volumes on Italian history and litera- ture formed by the lamented Marius J. Spinello (1100 vol- umes), was presented by his numerous friends. The earthquake year 1906 is memorable for the acquisi- tion of the H. H. Bancroft library of Californian and West American history. The conflagration in San Francisco swept out of exist- ence the valuable library in the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art, a shipment of books lying in the customs ware- house, and over 1000 volumes in the bindery. In this period of distress our book and map collections were of great assistance to the people of the stricken city across the bay, and Sunday opening was inaugurated. In 1907 the important botanical collection presented by Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Brandegee was installed as a depart- mental working library. Mrs. Gertrude Atherton gave the great Russian en- cyclopedia in 85 volumes. In 1908 the University's own bookbindery began opera- tions. The corner stone of the Doe building was laid with appropriate simple ceremony on Thanksgiving Day. Hon. Lucien Shaw of the supreme bench commenced sending for preservation here his personal set of briefs and transcripts of cases since April, 1906. Many thousands of these valued legal documents already have been received. In 1909 the friends of Mary Lake gave $665 for the pur- chase of modern English literature as a memorial to this veteran educator. In 1910 Archer M. Huntington, through the Hispanic society of New York, gave a complete set of his facsimile reprints of rare manuscripts and editions. In 1911 Eugene Meyer, Jr., of New York, a former student at Berkeley, gave $2000, the income of which is to be devoted to the purchase of historical books. 20 In February the law books were moved to Boalt Hall, and within ten days in May and June the remaining por- tion of the library (200,000 volumes) was installed in the splendid building which is to be its permanent home. A detailed description of the removal, written by Mr. Leupp, was published in the September, 1911, Library Journal. The year closed with a valuable gift by Mrs. James L. de Fremery of over 500 volumes most 17th and 18th cen- tury books of Dutch history, numismatics, and heraldry. In this brief summary obviously it is possible to enu- merate only the strikingly important accessions. Single works of considerable value, like the facsimile of the Dev- onshire Shakespeare, the Avifauna of Laysan, the Bishop Jade Catalogue, the J. Pierpont Morgan Catalogues, have come to us at intervals. It takes all sizes of stones to build a library. Many a widow's mite, many a poor author's firstling, has been given, with the same affectionate regard as may characterize a large bequest. At first the library was chiefly used for reference only, but the privileges of circulation were extended after 1882 to students as well as to instructors. With regard to expenditures for books it can be truly said that from the beginning the effort has been to provide a library for the use of scholars primarily. Periodical sets, publications of learned societies, and books of permanent worth, have been carefully chosen, in preference to the merely interesting books of the hour, for which we can afford to wait until some later day's tide may bring them drifting to our shore. The growth of the library is indicated by the following table : 21 Year's Total in Year Purchase Gift Exchange total library Library staff 11,919* 1875-76 1,563 116 4 1,683 13,602 Librarian 1876-77 66 673 2 741 14,343 Librarian 1877-78 293 140 2 435 14,778 Librarian 1878-79 989 414 2 1,405 16,183 Librarian 1879-80 9 146 155 16,338 Librarian 1880-81 512 219 731 17,069 Librarian 1881-82 2,016 1,704 4 3,724 20,793 Librarian 1 janitor asst. 1883-84 1,684 773 2,457 25,119 Librarian 2 janitor assts. 1884-85 1,792 531 2 2,325 27,444 Librarian 2 janitor assts. 1885-86 3,373 1,156 4,501 31,945 Librarian 2 janitor assts. 1886-87 2,612 389 3,001 34,946 Librarian 1 assistantf 1887-88 1,749 536 2,285 37,231 Librarian 1 assistant 1888-89 1,432 484 1,916 39,147 Librarian 1 assistant 1889-90 1,329 876 2,205 41,352 Librarian 1 assistant 1890-91 1,913 671 39 2,623 43,975 Librarian 1 assistant 1891-92 3,831 512 4,343 48,318 Librarian 1 assistant 1892-93 2,775 1,248 12 4,035 52,353 Librarian 2 assistants 1893-94 2,668 790 4 3,462 55,815 Librarian 2 assistants 1894-95 1,847 2,778 59 4,684 60,499 Librarian 2 assistants 1895-96 1,130 1,870 2 3,002 63,501 Librarian 2 assistants 1896-97 1,889 1,392 5 3,286 66,787 Librarian 2 assistants 1897-98 2,491 2,713 5,204 71,991 Librarian 3 assistants 1898-99 2,218 2,711 7 4,936 76,927 Librarian 4 assistants 1899-1900 1,728 1,529 65 3,322 80,249 Librarian 4 assistants 1900-01 2,387 1,981 38 4,406 84,655 Librarian 4 assistants 1901-02 8,771 2,365 47 11,183 95,838 Librarian 6 assistants 1902-03 8,749 2,940 101 11,790 107,628 Librarian 8 assistants 1903-04 11,640 2,835 8 14,483 122,111 Librarian 11 assistants 1904-05 8,072 3,594 2 11,668 133,779 Librarian 11 assistants 1905-06 6,568 4,342 10,910 144,689 Librarian 12 assistants 1906-07 6,071 5,078 11,149 155,838 Librarian 13 assistants 1907-08 6,987 4,518 J397 11,902 167,740 Librarian 14 assistants 1908-09 8,978 3,922 1,094 13,994 181,734 Librarian 14 assistants 1909-10 10,583 3,906 2,008 16,497 198,231 Librarian 14 assistants 1910-11 9,947 2,617 1,550 14,114 212,345 Librarian, As. libr., 21 assts. Totals June 30, 1911 132,090 62,880 5,456 212,345 * Received prior to 1875. j- From 1886 onward there have been student assistants in addition to the regular appointees by the Board of Regents. | Prior to 1908 books received from exchange institutions are entered in the gift column. It is interesting to note that nearly one-third of the library has acumulated by gift and exchange. DEDICATION OF THE DOE LIBRARY BUILDING ADDRESS OF THE LIBRARIAN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, JOSEPH C. BOWELL As we look backward from the height of present achieve- ment, down the long vista of years, the beginnings of the University appear very small. It was a university only in name. Yet although merely a handful of teachers and stu- dents was visible, we perceive they were inspired with energy and enthusiasm; while the courses of study were few, they were taught intensively ; and while the treasury was light of dollars, there was a wealth of aspiration, courage and hope. Thus the good seed was sown in a favorable season; the vigorous young plant was tenderly and wisely nurtured; and it proved to be not an exotic, soon to fade, but a hardy perennial, from which many a rich harvest already has been garnered. The fortunes of the library inseparably followed those of the University. Up under the eaves of Brayton Hall (Oakland) were arranged some few hundreds of books on history, literature and philosophy, together with well thumbed classics, and dust lay deep on theological and scientific treatises of honorably ancient dates. How the aspect of the place brightened when in 1871 a large gift of modern books arrived, brilliant in gilded calf, fresh from the publishers! Then students abandoned the chess table and climbed upward to consult the eighth edi- tion of the Britannica, to open dainty volumes of the poets, to lay the foundations of an essay on Emerson, or to spend an indolent, happy hour over Bulwer or Thackeray. In 1873 Berkeley became a seat of learning. The hand- some book-cases of the library in South Hall were at once comfortably filled, as in that same significant year were added the Pioche French library, the Francis Lieber pol- itico-economic collection and a host of new books bought with the first legislative appropriation for that purpose. Mark well the J-ater sequence of events. Our quarters rapidly became so scant that in 1876 Henry Douglass Bacon was inspired to offer $25,000 toward the erection of a separate library edifice. The State of California in 1878 added $25,000 to this gift, and the Bacon building was com- pleted in 1881, just in time to house the books acquired by the first endowment bequeathed in 1879 by Michael Reese. A score of years followed, lean and fat, until the full capacity of the Bacon building became a definitely ascer- tained quantity. Books filled all available space from cel- lar to roof -tree ; readers sought in vain for a seat or a quiet corner. In 1899 a new President was installed. From his first appearance he urgently voiced the utter inadequacy of the library, books and building alike, to meet the requirements of a true university. The response to his appeals was im- mediate, generous and continued. The famine of books was partially abated. In 1902 an extension to the building was constructed to afford a temporary relief. In 1903 the revised Phoebe A. Hearst Architectural Plan was adopted and this most ap- propriate spot on the campus thereby was designated for the permanent library site. In 1904 a good man passed away. His munificent be- quest has provided an ample and suitable building upon that site. Verily, from even this brief retrospect it would seem that the mighty hand of a kind Providence repeatedly has been outstretched in our behalf. 26 University did not cease with Le Conte. But there is also the influence of books. And an intimacy even with a few books, if the right books, as with a few men, if the right men, may go far. It may go far even in the making of philosophers. And the testimony of one such is suggestive. He entered the University as a Freshman in 1871. "I remember well," he remarked here thirty years later, "I remember well the little library, hidden away in the top story of the old Bray ton Hall in Oakland ill accessible, almost wholly uncatalogued, hastily ordered. And yet what wonders that little library already con- tained! One of my teachers early told me that if I chose, I could make that library more useful for my progress as a student than my class-room work ever could become. I was impressed by the advice. I tried to follow it. As a result, I spent in the ill-lighted alcoves of that garret in Brayton Hall some of the most inspiring hours of my life. There are books still on the shelves of our University Library here which I can look upon as amongst the dearest friends of my youth. Under the influence of my teacher's counsel, I sought for these books, I found them and I found in them what I shall never forget while I have any power to study left in me. ' ' One may not ignore, one would not disparage such testi- mony to the enduring stimulus of a few books, in contact with a sensitive nature such as Josiah Royce's. But this is not to say that Mr. Royce would not have found superior the opportunity presented to the student of to-day in the building and collections before you ; nor that he would have failed to glory in them. Potent as may be the influence of a few books absorbed or mastered, the lesson of a compre- hensive collection, organized and equipped for a multi- farious service to a great community, has a potency of its own. Is there any agency of the university not per- sonal which can contribute more to achieve the aim which a high authority has defined as the proper aim of a univer- sity; "to make a gentleman of every youth under its 27 charge; not a conventional gentleman but a man of cul- ture, a man of intellectual resource, a man of public spirit, a man of refinement, with that good taste which is the con- science of the mind, and that conscience which is the good taste of the soul!" And finally, no agency concerned with the general wel- fare, and the government is such a one, can be indifferent to the example which this building presents of a private gift for public uses. A foreign observer once remarked that abroad men found families; in America they found, or endow, libraries or universities. The family often falls away to shame; but the library or university remains for- ever a noble and unsullied memorial. Happy the country which profits by this contrast. Happy this University which affords such evidence of its justice. Prosperity to this latest evidence ! And as this building stands now noble and unsullied, may it continue for generations of pene- trating, pervasive, veritably public service to student, to faculty, to the state, to our common country, and, through its fair example, to the common problems of all mankind. ADDRESS BY LORING B. DOE President Wheeler, members of the Faculty of the University of California, ladies and gentlemen: This structure which we dedicate to-day is eloquent testimony of the appreciation by a self-made man of the value of a library to the moral and intellectual progress of civilization. Denied through stress of circumstances a university education, the donor, Charles Franklin Doe, became accomplished in literature and science through his acquaintance with books. He loved books as few men do, and delighted in their companionship. Books were his inseparable friends, and through reading he was able to store in the archives of his memory a fund of information that made him a desirable 28 companion. Wishing to leave something of value to pos- terity, what was more natural than that his inclination should trend in the direction of a library structure which we all hope will some day house the finest collection of books and manuscripts in the United States. I know that this was his ambition. I know he wanted to provide a structure which would eventually become the intellectual center of this Univer- sity which he believed was destined to be one of the greatest seats of learning in the world ; and I am sure that were he here to witness this dedication he would pronounce the work well done, for had he personally directed the efforts that resulted in this magnificent building he could not have had his wishes fulfilled more perfectly. There is little that I need say concerning the advan- tages of a library in the development of civilization. Only a small percentage are given the privilege of a university education, but in this enlightened age none are denied the information and instruction that come from the perusal of books. Every university professor, every college student knows the benefit, the inestimable benefit, of such a library as we are dedicating to-day. Within these walls will be assembled the collective wit, wisdom and learning of the world, for I am sure that the Regents and Faculty will not desist until this library is representative of the literature of all ages and all peoples. This building will stand for ages and will be the storehouse from which literary gems will be garnered by future generations privileged to attend this University. It will be a greater factor in the develop- ment of California and the Pacific Coast than the most far seeing of us can now perceive. The great intellects of the future will center here, and will be the means of drawing the best and noblest of the improved civilization that is to follow us. I am proud to have known the donor of this magnificent structure. His life was an inspiration to all who came in contact with him. He was the embodiment of honor and 29 integrity, and every dollar invested in this building was honestly acquired. His character was without blemish, and he carried to the grave the love and esteem of all who knew him. Coming from his New England home in the pioneer days of California, he did his part, a man's part, in the upbuilding of this great Commonwealth, and he left as a legacy a name unsullied and a character that should prove an inspiration to all who take the trouble to study it. In behalf of the family, I wish to express my gratitude to the President and Regents of the University of Califor- nia. When Charles Franklin Doe made this bequest no conditions were named. It was a simple gift of a certain sum of money made to the Regents for a library building. No bid for honor or self -glory could be detected in his will and testament. It was a simple gift to the children of to-day and the generations of to-morrow, but your appre- ciation of the man has prompted you to honor and per- petuate his name, which you have carved upon tablets of stone and bronze, that the hand of time will not efface; and for this most gracious act we thank you. We ask you to accept this library for yourselves and for the generations to follow, and in so doing we know that you feel that Charles Franklin Doe left the world better for having lived. 243063 -r -M \ W . > TV\ k ~ 4-v