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 ^[UNIVERJ//,
 
 i, S
 
 THE 
 
 CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 B y 
 CALEB D'A N V R S, 
 
 of GRAY'S-JNN, Efq; 
 
 Reus in Judicium addufrus eft C. VfiRREs, /lomo vita atqae 
 fictis, omnium jam opinionc, damnatus ; pccunia; magnitudine, 
 fua fpe, ac praedicatione aMolutus. Huic ego cauCc, Judiccs, 
 cum fumma voluntate & c*p'eftatione populi Romani aftor ac- 
 ceifi j non ut augerem invidiam <irdinis, fed ut infamiae 
 communi fuccurrercm. Adduxi enim homincm, in quo re- 
 coociliare exiftimationem judiciorum annffam ; rcdite in gra- 
 tiam cum populo R. fatisfacere extcris natipnibus poflctis j. 
 depccalatorem xrarii ; vcxatorem Afias atqus Paitiphiliae j 
 prasdoricm juris urbani ; labc'm atqup pctnicicin provinciseSici- 
 lije j dc quo, fi vos fcvere, rcligiofcque judicavcritis, auftoiitas 
 ea, quz in vobis remaucrc dchct, haerebit. Sin iftuis ingcn- 
 tes divitiae judiciorum rcligioncm, vcritatemque pctfrcgcrint, 
 Ej;o hoc timen affcquar, ut Judicium potius reip. quam uf 
 reus judkibus, aut accufator reo defuiffc vidcatur. CiG- 
 
 LONDON. -Printed for R. FaAMCJtL.iN, fa 
 
 RvJfil-Street, Covert-Garde*, M,occ,xxxt.
 
 7 
 
 P E O P L E 
 
 O F 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Friends^ Countrymen and Fellow-Subjects. 
 
 HE Graflfitten being now to 
 to make his Appearance in Vo- 
 lumes, He hath chofen to addrefs 
 Himfclf to you, in your col- 
 lecftive Body, as his moil pro- 
 per Patrons. He thinks it would be a 
 fort of Derogation from that publick 
 Caufc, in which He hath been fo long en- 
 gaged, if He ihould oficr his IncenTe at 
 the Shrine of any tingle Man, or particu-
 
 ii DEDICATION. 
 
 lar Body of Men, however great They 
 may be, cither by their own real Merit, 
 or the adventitious Circumltances of 
 Wealth and Power. In your Caufc was 
 this Work firft undertaken ; by your En- 
 couragement hath it been continued tor 
 above four Years with great Succefs and 
 I hope the fame general Patronage will 
 not be wanting to it, now it is laid in 
 Form at your Feet. 
 
 Though thcfe Papers have been fuffi- 
 ciently juilify'd by the Reception, which 
 They have met with from the World, and 
 by thofe Defences, which particular Occall- 
 ons have extorted from us yet it will not 
 be improper to prefix a few general Remarks 
 on the Defign and Conlht8 of them, in an- 
 fwcr to fome Objections, which We have 
 not hud Lcifure or Opportunity to conii- 
 der before, without breaking in upon more 
 important Enquiries. 
 
 i The Craftfjnan made his firfl Appea- 
 rance in Publick on the jth of December 
 1726, about a Year and a half after the 
 Treaty of Hanover was figned, and when 
 the Effects of it began to difcover Thcm- 
 iclves. We apprehended, and our Apprc- 
 heniions have proved too jufl, that the 
 clo(e Conjunction, which tits Treaty ce- 
 mented .between Grert-JBritaJa and France, 
 
 if)
 
 DEDICATION. iii 
 
 in Oppoiition to the Emperor and 
 \vould be attended with bad Confequcnccs 
 From a State of perfedfc Tranquility at 
 home, and * Peace with all Poivers al-roarf, 
 We found our fclves, all on a fudden, ne- 
 gotiated into a State of Difficulty, Dan- 
 giT and Coniuiion, without being able to 
 difcover how the Intcreib of Great- Bri- 
 tain were conccrn'd in the Squabble. \\ c 
 faw our Trade interrupted with Impunity 
 by the Spaniards^ not only in the We fi- 
 b/dies but in Europe, though We had .a 
 large Squadron of Ships, at that Time, in 
 both thofe Parts of the World. Gibraltar 
 was foon after befieged, without receiving 
 any Affift-ance from our mw Allies in the 
 Defence of it. Santa Lucia was fettled ; 
 the Harbour of Dunkirk was open'd by 
 the French^ in Violation of the inert fo- 
 lemn Engagements. Almoit all the Powers 
 of Europe begun either to infult, or to prey 
 upon us ; and our Affairs abroad have con- 
 tinued ever iince in a very unfettled, I 
 might fay a diftrefs'd, Condition, notwiths- 
 tanding that Multiplicity of Negotiations, 
 Expeditions, Projects, Expedients and 
 Treaties, which the Interval of a few 
 Years hath produced. 
 
 * See bis fate Majejl\s Speech in tie Ttur 1724. 
 
 [ a 2 ] Our
 
 iv D E D I C -A T I O N. 
 
 Our dome (tick Affairs kept an even Pace 
 with our Affairs abroad. To carry on 
 thclc Negotiations, to ibpport thde En- 
 v.ents, and to extricate our felvcs out 
 oi the DtuSculties, in which Vve were thus 
 unaccountably involv'd, it was thought 
 nccciiary to raife great Sums of Money 
 upon the People at a Time, when 1 hey 
 were the Icait able to bear, and had the 
 leait Reafon to expccl, any extraordinary 
 Burthens. What added to our Apprchen- 
 lions, abd aggravated our Calamity, were 
 the Methods made ufe of to facilitate 
 theie Defigns, and the Doctrines advanced 
 by fome Court Writers, to impofe on the 
 People, by endeavouring to perfuade them 
 that They were in a flourishing Condition^ 
 in the midft of Povert} r . 
 
 We thought This a proper Seafon to 
 rife up in Defence of our national Intcrclts 
 and to animate our Countrymen with a 
 iiing 'Zeal on fuch a melancholy Oc- 
 caiion. The Snpmetisjs and Indolence, 
 which We obfcrv'd to reign amonglt a 
 great Part of them, added Spurs to our 
 Dcfign, and quickened us in the Profecu- 
 tion of it. We judg'd it ncccilary to 
 awaken them from that Lethargy, which 
 They had fuiier'd to creep upon them, 
 and to revive that iwtjetrt Spirit, which is 
 
 the
 
 DEDICATION. v 
 
 the Palladium of our Conftitution. But 
 This hath been fo fully cxplain'd by Mr. 
 Oldcaftlei through a long Courfe of Dii- 
 fertations, and particularly in his lalt Let- 
 ter to me, that it is unneceilary to iniiit 
 upon, it any farther. 
 
 As the Situation of our Affairs, both 
 at home and abroad, juftify'd the De/ign 
 of this Undertaking } fo We apprehend 
 that our Manner of conducting it is equal- 
 ly juitifiable. The general Principles of 
 Liberty have been the Foundation of all 
 our Arguments, and the Intereft of Great- 
 Britain the fole Object of them. We 
 have conilandy proportioned our Zeal to 
 the Nature of the Occalion, and fteadily 
 purfued the great End, which We pro- 
 pos'd to our felvcs at firft, without turn- 
 ing either to the right Hand, or to the left. 
 We have neither fufter'd our felves to be 
 aw'd by Menaces ; intimidated by frequent 
 and expeniiveProfecutions; norfoften'd by 
 Applications ot another Kind. We have 
 fparcd no Pains ; We have ftarted at no 
 Difficulties, and avoided no Dangers, with 
 which the Profecution of this Work hath 
 been attended. As We were confcious of 
 the Juflice of our Gaufe, We depended on 
 the Integrity of our Countrymen, who 
 are the only legal Judges of it. We were 
 [ a 3 ~] not
 
 vi DEDICATIO K. 
 
 not deceived in this Expedition. They 
 acquitted us with Honour in the Face of 
 a lull Court and to their Decilion We 
 ihall always chearfully fubmit the Merits of 
 our Caute. In fhort, We have not cnly 
 been faithful Servants to the Publick, but 
 even Drudges in their Service, if any 
 Thing could be efteemcd Drudgery in the 
 Sen ice of our Country. 
 
 In Purfuance of this general Defign, 
 We have very cautioufly avoided, as fuch 
 a Dciign required, to give Offence to any 
 Party, or to confine our felves to the nar- 
 row Views ol any Party j though We have 
 always pafs'd under the Denomination of 
 IVbiffs, and argued upon the Principles, 
 which that JP arty hath formerly attributed 
 to Themielves ; but We have lately fecn 
 thofe noble Principles fb fcandaloufly pro- 
 itituted by fome Perfons, who are pleas'd 
 to call Thcmfclves Whigs, and fo llrenu- 
 oufly aflerted by many others, \vho have 
 been reputed Tories, that We are afhamed 
 to value our felves upon fuch an idle Di- 
 itindtion of Names any longer. We have, 
 on the contrary, us'd our utmoil Endea- 
 vours, through the whole Courfe oi thefc 
 Papers, to banifh thefe fcnfelefs and fatal 
 Animuiitics ^ to reconcile all Parties to 
 another to unite them in their com- 
 
 mon
 
 D E D I C A T I O N. vii 
 
 inon Intcrcil ; the Intcrcft and Caufe of 
 their Country ; and to perfuade Men, who 
 are equally zealous in the Puriuit of the 
 fame End, though perhaps by different 
 Means, not to defeat it by unrcafonablc 
 Jealouiics and reproachful Imputations. 
 . Nothing gave us a more fcnlible Plea- 
 fure, upon his preient Majerty's Acceffion 
 to the Throne, than the Profpeft in open'd 
 to us of fuch an happy Coalition. People 
 of all Parties^ even ahnoit without Excep- 
 ception, concurr'd in a general Joy and dii- 
 cover'd a manifeft Inclination to lay alide 
 their private Animoihies, for the publick 
 Good, and unite their Endeavours to make 
 his Majcfty's Reign eafy, proiperous and 
 glorious to Him. If this favourable Op- 
 portunity was cither negle&cd, or not im- 
 proved, let it be imputed to Thofe, whole 
 Intereil depended, as it had been origi- 
 nally form'd, on a Spirit of Faction and 
 D'wifioii. We took Notice, at that Time, 
 that there were fome fucb /!///, and ex- 
 prefs'd our Apprehenlions of the Confe- 
 quences, if They fhould happen to pre- 
 vail in their Attempts God knows, They 
 have prevail'd too tar, and what We fore- 
 told is already to much verify \i ! 
 
 We have prefcrv'd the fame Impartia- 
 lity, in thcfe Papers, with Regard to the 
 
 Clergy
 
 viii DEDICATION. 
 
 'Clergy and the Laity , coniider'd as diftincT: 
 Bodies of the State. Though We have 
 never deviated from our great Defign, the 
 Gauie of civil Liberty, yet We have no 
 where endeavour'd to deprive the Clergy of 
 any of their juft Rights and Immunities, 
 which are coniiilent with it, and have been 
 often exerted in its Defence. We look up- 
 on them, indeed, only as a Part of the 
 Body politic ft) and therefore They ought 
 to have no Powers independent of the iu- 
 preme Power of the State ', but as a Part, 
 or as Members of the Common-Wealth, 
 They have a Right to civil Liberty, as well 
 as the Laity, and their Privileges are in- 
 cluded in it, as well as ours. Upon thcle 
 Principles We have proceeded, and all our 
 Arguments, in Defence of Liberty, ex- 
 tend in general to all Orders and Degrees 
 of our Fellow-Subjects. As We have not 
 fupportcd the ridiculous Pretenlions of 
 fomc of the Clergy, nor endeavour'd to 
 exalt ecclefiaftical Power above civil Liber- 
 ty ; fo We have fcorn'd to make a falfe, 
 pretended Concern for their Rights a ftalk- 
 ing-Horfe to our own Dejigns or private- 
 ly to fet Projects on Foot, which arc cal- 
 culated to alarm them, on Purpofe to take 
 the Merit of defeating them to our felves. 
 
 Such mean and infamous Policy is 
 
 worthy
 
 DEDICATION. ix 
 
 worthy only of thofe Mtv, who have nei- 
 ther Honefty nor UnderfUnding enough 
 to recommend Themfelves to any Part of 
 their Fallow-Subjects by upright Proceed- 
 ings and real Services. 
 
 We have made th~ fame Principles of 
 Moderation the Rule of our Condudt irt 
 what We have had Occalion to lay con- 
 cerning the Church of Eugldiid and our 
 P rote ft a nt Di/Je uttrs. As Members of the 
 eftablijtid Church, in particular, \Ve ihall 
 always endeavour to iupport it in its juft 
 Rights. As Members of the reformd 
 Church, in general, We ihall never wifli 
 to fee any Hardmips laid on our Proteftavt 
 Brethren, who cannot comply with the 
 Terms of our Communion. We think 
 the Confluences of Men ought not to be 
 forced, nor any Reltraints laid upon reli- 
 gious Opinions, which have no Tendency 
 to difturb the Peace and good Order of the 
 State. For this Reafon, We have never 
 attempted to play the -Church againil the 
 Dijftuters, or the Difle/rters againft the 
 Church, as fome other Perfons have done, 
 in order to fervc a prefent Occalion * but 
 have uniformly contended for the prefent 
 Eftablilliment of the one, and for the Con- 
 tinuance of thofe Indulgences, to which 
 
 the
 
 x DEDICATION. 
 
 the others are equally intitlcd by Law^ as 
 well as Equity, 
 
 I will mention but one Inftancc more of 
 oar Impartiality ; and That ftiall be with 
 Relation to Commerce. I ain fure it cannot 
 be dcny'd, and I think it cannot be forgot- 
 ten, with what uncommon Zeal We have 
 appear'd, on many Occalions, in Behalf of 
 tyrade againlt \t&fwetgn and dor/ieftick Ene- 
 mies ; againft the Depredations of the Spa* 
 wards the Incroachments of the F, revcb ; 
 and the Restraints of fome homs-lrcd Mo- 
 nopolies. When We undertook this Cauic, 
 We meant the Caufe of -Trade in general ; 
 the Trade of Britifa Subje&s in all Parts 
 of the World, in Oppolition to other Na- 
 tions ; or, which We think almoft as bad, 
 the clandcftine Practices of exclujrve Cor- 
 porations. Thefe Points are obvious to 
 the Underfranding of every Man, who 
 hath made the leaft Reflections on the 
 Nature of Trade ^ and the Foundation of 
 the Britifb Grandeur. We are forry to fee 
 our Fellow-Subjects, who have the fame 
 general Intereli in Commerce^ divided as to 
 feme particular Branches of it. The Dif- 
 pute is intricate and mult be difagreeablc 
 to any Writer, who vvifhcs well to Them 
 all. Let mercantile Perfons^ who are the 
 betf Judges of fuch A/tairs, debate and 
 
 decide
 
 DEDICATION. x 
 
 decide them. They do not properly belongi 
 to us. It is upon this Account that We 
 have declined entering into the late Con- 
 trovcriies between England and Ireland, 
 and between our font hern and northern 
 Colonies -, though We cannot forbear of- 
 fering our Opinion, in general, that We 
 ought to give the Kingdom of Ireland all 
 the Encouragement, which is conliftent 
 \vith the Interelt of Great-Britain ', and 
 that, as to our American Colonies, Thofe 
 of them defer ve the molt Indulgence, 
 which are of the greatcft Advantage to 
 their Mother-Country, for whofe Service 
 They were firft fettled and have been fup- 
 portcd. 
 
 In a Word, as the national Inter eft, in 
 its moil important Points, was the End 
 propos'd by tbefe Writings, We have taken 
 all poffiblc Care not to give Ofience to 
 any diftinct Bodies of Men, or even to any 
 particular' Men except Thofe, who have 
 long given great and grievous Offence to 
 their Country, by a conftant Oppolition to 
 that publick Can ft, which We have e- 
 pous'd. 
 
 W T e have been, indeed, unwillingly 
 drawn into fome perfbnal Altercations, and 
 Difputes about Points, not immediately to 
 the Purpofc of our general Dejign. We 
 
 fay
 
 xii D E D I C A T I O N. 
 
 fay unwillingly ; bccaufe We were forced 
 into them by repeated Provocations and the 
 moil unwarrantable, groundlcfs Abufcs of 
 Thofe, who were employ 'd againft us in 
 that Service. It hath been acknowledged 
 by tbefe Writers Themlclvcs, upon parti- 
 cular Occalions, and to ierve particular 
 Turns, that our Manner of writing at 
 fir it was very different from That, which 
 We have foilow'd iince ; that at firft We 
 obferv'd a Decency, at leaft, and confin'd 
 our felves to general Heads } but that We 
 took a greater Freedom by Degrees, as 
 We found the Minds of our Readers pre- 
 pared for it, and pointed our Cannon at 
 Articular Men with little, or no Difguifc. 
 If This was the Cafe, why was fuch an 
 Alarm immediately taken, whilft We con- 
 fin'd ourfclvcs within tbefe Rounds ? Why 
 were We charg'd with F.tlhtcy^ as \\e 
 have often been, by throw irg out dark 
 Inlinuations, under general Tcpicks, and 
 dciy'd to enter into Particulars 'r And 
 yet This was the Cafe. We had not pub- 
 lilli'd above five, or fix Papers, before the 
 Alarm was taken, and a whole Herd 
 of Scribblers appcar'd sgainft us, who 
 threw about their Scandal at random, 
 and mark'd out particular Getflemen, 
 as the Authors of thcfc P.pcrs, in 
 
 the
 
 DEDICATION. 
 
 the moil licentious Manner. This perfoual 
 Attack upon Characters demanded fbme 
 Notice from us, and juftified any Rcpri- 
 zals but iince We are upon the. Subject 
 of Perfovaliths, it will not be improper to 
 make a D^/?/>;<ftw;, in this Cafe, which We 
 apprehend to be neither fophiiticul, nor 
 ill- grounded. 
 
 Thofe, who think it neceflary to write 
 againft the Meafures of an Adminiftration, 
 (which is one of the moft valuable Bran- 
 ches of our Liberty) muft expofe Him, 
 who is the Author of thofe Meafures ; and 
 every Attack of this Sort, though it is 
 confin'd to Faffs, may be calTd a perfoiial 
 Attack upon his Character ; but it is an 
 Attack on : his publick Cbaraffer, as a 
 Mimftcr, not on his Character as a pri- 
 vate Man. Here then is a rational, well- 
 grounded Diftindion ; a Diilindion, which 
 arifes from a manifeft Difference in the 
 Cafe. We arc ready to acknowledge that 
 \Ve began Hoftilitics in this Seufe. \\'c 
 thought it neceffary to oppofe fane Msa- 
 ftms, which were then purfued, and Tt-ofi, 
 who were carrying them on, might cltecm 
 This a perfoval Attack but it was an 
 Attack on their pub lick Characters ; and 
 if We now and then dropt a little curfbrv 
 Allulion to fome particular Circumibnccs, 
 [ b 1
 
 xiv DEDICATION. 
 
 which had no Relation to their minifterial 
 Capacity, it was defcriptive only, and con- 
 tain'd no Reflection on their moral Cha- 
 racters, as private Men. Did We ever 
 attempt to break into the Affairs of their 
 Families, or to render an} 7 Part of their 
 d'jmejlick Life uneafy to them ? Did We 
 ever reproach them with being bad Hus- 
 lauds, or bad Fathers much lels, did 
 We ever make the Frailties, Infirmities, 
 or Misfortunes of Thofe, who Hand in 
 the nearefl Relation to them, the Subject 
 of our Invectives, or Ridicule ? Have We 
 fili'd up any of our Papers with private 
 Scandal, idle Stories, and the cenfo- 
 rious Tittle-Tattle of the Town ? No ; 
 We have always icojn'd to make ufe of 
 ftich Ribaldry in a Difpute about the Con- 
 duel: of political Affairs or to bring it as 
 a Charge againft Thofe, whom We oppofe 
 on another Account. W r e have, on the 
 contrary, fupprefs'd every Thing, of that 
 Nature, which hath come to our Hands 
 and even been fo tender, in this Point, as 
 to caftralc feveral Paflagcs in Authors, 
 which W'e have had occalion to quote, 
 that We might not give our Enemies an 
 (^pportunity of imputing iuch an ungenc- 
 
 t$9 Pchgn to us. But what hath been 
 
 the Conduct on the other Side? Initcad of
 
 DEDICATION, xv 
 
 juft Recriminations of a pub lick Nature, 
 founded on Faffs and Argument, We had 
 nothing returned but private Scandal and 
 BilHngfgate Scurrility, without any Re- 
 gard to -Truth) Honour, or Decency. 
 
 It is needlefs to revive the Particulars of 
 this unmanly Outrage, fince the Publick, 
 which was a Witnefs to it, refented it 
 with fuitable Indignation. 
 
 If We have fmce taken a greater Li- 
 berty with one Gentleman, in particular, 
 and open'd fome Scenes of his 'private Con- 
 duel, in which Himfelf only was concerned ; 
 He mult impute it to thofe foolijb and in- 
 judicious Calumnies, which He hath en- 
 couraged and propagated through the Na- 
 tion, at the put/lick Expence. 
 
 But fuppoling, for Argument fake, that 
 there hath been too much perfonal Alter" 
 cation, on both Sides what is This to 
 the Purpofe; or how does it affect the main 
 Point in Difpute ? This is too commonly 
 the Cafe, in Controverlies of all Kinds, 
 and is particularly encouraged by Thofe, 
 again ft whom the Enquiry lies. They are 
 always glad to divert the Attention of 
 the Reader from the Merits of the Caufe, 
 by provoking their Adwrfaries into any 
 Controverfy, that '\s> foreign to it. The main 
 Point in Difpute between us and our Ad- 
 [ b 2 ] v
 
 xvi DEDICATIO N. 
 
 verfarics is whether our Affairs have not 
 been, for fonie Years pall, in a very un- 
 happy Situation, and to whom that Situa- 
 tion hath been owing. We muft there- 
 fore leave it to the Publick, to whom We 
 addrefs our felves, whether We have not 
 had a manifeft Advantage of them in this 
 Point. 
 
 It hath been allow'd by the Writers, 
 on the other Side, in the Courfe of this 
 Debate, that We have a Right to oppofe 
 Mijii/lers, when We think They purfue 
 wrong Meafnres', and that a vigorous Oppo- 
 Jition to Them is often attended with good 
 Confequences to the Publkk, from what- 
 ever Motives it may proceed. They 
 have been oblig'd to own that Mmijlers 
 ought to have fome Checks upon them, 
 belides the Controul of the Prince, whofe 
 high Station renders Him liable to Decep- 
 tion in many Cafes ; and that even bad 
 Men, who fee Themfelves narrowly 
 watch'd, will not venture upon many 
 Things, which their Ambition, Avarice, 
 or Paliions might otherwife prompt Them 
 to- undertake. The Dread of Piuiifh- 
 went may prevail over the Wantonnefs of 
 Power, and the Defects of a publick Spi- 
 rit be, in fome Meafure, fupply'd by 
 a Regard to private Inter eft. 
 
 Thus
 
 DEDICATION, xvii 
 
 Thus far then is the general Dciign of 
 fach an Undertaking juftify'd ; and \\'e 
 think that the particular Circumftances ot 
 our Atiairs, whilft We have been carrying 
 it on, is a farther Juitification of it. 
 
 Though We have not fuccceded fo far 
 as We had great Rcafon to wifh, and 
 fomc Rcafon to expect ; yet I think We 
 may venture to affirm, without any r Impu- 
 tation of Vanity, that our Waitings have 
 not been altogether without Eftedt. We 
 flatter our felves that \Ve have prevented 
 the Execution of fame Defigns, which, 
 would have been very prejudicial to this 
 Nation ; and that W T e have promoted the 
 Execution oi others^ which may prove of 
 the grcatcft Advantage to it. Some Ac- 
 knowledgments of this Kind, with Rela- 
 tion to foreign Affairs, have been lately 
 dropt, not very difcreetly, by a Gtnth- 
 man, who hath taken the moil extraor- 
 dinary Pains to obflruct our Succefs, and 
 even to fupprefs our Writings }. and I 
 could mention fcveral Inftanccs, of a do- 
 meftick Nature^ in which We have great 
 Reafon to believe that the Publick hath 
 found a Benefit from thcfe Papers. 
 
 What We have already obferv'd, in 
 
 federal Paper spccafiorid by the kte treaty 
 
 of Vienna^ hath anticipated many Things, 
 
 [ b 3 ] which
 
 xvlii DEDICATION. 
 which We propofcd to have faid, in this 
 Place, concerning our Remarks on the Ne- 
 gotiations of ibme Years paft. We fhall 
 therefore be very fhort upon that Head. 
 
 It cannot be expected that Perfons, wha 
 have their Intelligence at fecond Havd^ and 
 often modell'd to ferve private Views, mould 
 be infallible in their Accounts of political 
 Affairs, or in their Conjectures upon the 
 Confcquences of them. In Cafes, of this- 
 Nature, every Man hath a Right to deli- 
 ver his Opinion, for the Good of the Pub- 
 lick, and is not blameablc, if it fhould 
 happen to prove erroneous. 1 he Defign 
 of thefe Enquiries is to come at the Truth, 
 by hearing all Sides, and to purfue thofe 
 AfeafiireSj which appear, upon fuch an 
 Examination, to be molt for the Intereft 
 of the Publick. If We have anv Liberty 
 cf Writing upon thefe Affairs, This muit 
 be the Defign of it becaufe it is the only- 
 valuable End, which ftich a Liberty can 
 poffibly ferve ; and if T'his is the Dciign, 
 no Man ought to be punilh'd, or harrafs'd, 
 for any involuntary and unavoidable Errors, 
 which He may commit, in theExercife of 
 this life fill Privilege. 
 
 * "' . 
 
 ' : But I mufl obferve that it hath wonder- 
 fully happened, for the Misfortune of the 
 Nation, that our Remarks on the Nego- 
 
 tiatiws*
 
 DEDICATION, xix 
 
 tiations, of five or iix Years paft, have 
 been minutely verify'd, in almoft every Ar- 
 ticle. Thofe, who will take the Trouble 
 of reviewing what We have faid, in the 
 Courfe of thefe Papers, concerning the 
 Treaty of Hanover, the Ptelintiitaries to 
 tbe Congrefs of Soijfbns^ the -Treaty expla- 
 natory of tbe Preliminaries) the Convention 
 of the Pardo, and the Treaty of Seville, in 
 Oppoiition to the Reafonings and confi- 
 dent A (lemons of our Adw&farieS) will 
 find us fo prophetical, in almoft every Par- 
 ticular, that I don't know whether They 
 will not begin to think that there was fome 
 Foundation for the Charge againil us ; that 
 We have been admitted into the Cabinets of 
 all the Princes of Europe. 
 
 If the Reader will pleafe to defcend in- 
 to the Particulars of thefe ^Treaties, with 
 Relation to Gibraltar, Dunkirk, Santa 
 Lucia, Don Carlos, the State of Trade^ 
 and the Cafe of our plunder'd Merchants \ 
 He will find our Apprehcnlions too fully 
 juftify'd by the Effetfs of them ; and We 
 heartily wifh that thofeyke; Remarks, which 
 We have already made on the late Treaty 
 of Vienna mav not prove equally prophe- 
 tical; but as there is a Prof edition now de- 
 pending againft us, upon that Accoun^ 
 We lhall only obferve, in general, that 
 
 what
 
 xx DEDICATION. 
 
 what We foretold is already fulfill'd, in 
 fome Meafure, by the Event, and even 
 confirm'd by an AUTHORITY, which We 
 
 think a fufficient Juitiflcation of us. 
 
 W'hat We have farther to fay, in our De- 
 fence, muft be refer v'd for another Place. 
 
 Our Obfcrvations on domtftick Affairs, 
 Occurrences and -Tranfaflions, will appear 
 calculated for the fame End the Intercft 
 and Honour of our Country. The Bri- 
 tifh Conjlitutiou of Government hath never 
 been out of our Sight ; and We have 
 ipared no Pains to inculcate the Neceflity 
 of watching over it, in order to preferve 
 it. Our Loyalty to the Prince hath born 
 an equal Proportion to our Zeal for the 
 Liberties of the People and as their In- 
 tereffcs are infeparable, We hav r e treated 
 Thofc, who attempt to divide Them, as 
 the worft Enemies to the prefect Eftablijb- 
 ment. We have traced Corruption through 
 all its dark lurking Holes, and fet its De- 
 formity in a true Light. We have plead- 
 ed the Caufe of ptiblick Virtue, againlt the 
 Mifreprefentations of Thofe, who have 
 endeavour'd to bring it into Contempt. 
 The Reduction of our Essences, the LH 
 quidation of our Debts, and the Diminu- 
 tion of our 'Taxes, have been the repeated 
 Subjects of thefc Papers. In fhort, fcarcc 
 
 any
 
 DEDICATION, xxi 
 
 any Point hath efcaped our Notice, which 
 tends to make us a great, happy and flou- 
 riihing People. 
 
 Having taken this general View of the 
 Defign and Condutt of our Undertaking, 
 k is neceflary that I fhould fay ibmething 
 of :7l'0/t', who have been engaged in it. 
 
 As for my felf, the Editor of thefe Pa- 
 pers, I was not vain enough to propofe 
 carrying on fuch a general Undertaking 
 without Ailiftance ; and therefore, in my 
 firft Paper, I rcquefted the Corrcfpondence 
 of all Perfons, who approved of it. I 
 flatter'd my felf, from what I had obferv'd 
 in the World, that there were many Per- 
 Ions, who would contribute to fuch a De- 
 fign, when They faw it once fet on Foot 
 with Vigour and Refolution. My Succefs 
 hath infinitely exceeded the moil fanguine 
 of my Expectations. Afiiftance was imme- 
 diately crouded in upon me from all Parts, 
 and hath been continued, without Inter- 
 miffion, during the whole Gourfe of thele 
 Papers. I have often had little elfe to do 
 than to prepare the Letters of my Gor- 
 refpondents for the Prefs, with fuch Ga- 
 ftrations, Additions and Alterations, as I 
 thought proper ; a Liberty, which every 
 Man of Senfe muft know to be neceflary 
 
 iu
 
 xxii DEDICATION. 
 
 in fuch a Work, and therefore it require* 
 no Apology. 
 
 It cannot be expe&ed that I ihould give 
 the Reader any particular Account of theft 
 Gentlemen. Moll of them have chofen to 
 continue in the Dark, as it is uiual upon 
 fuch Occaiions ; and I have never had the 
 leaft Curioiity to difcover them. Favours, 
 of this Kind, are like the Gifts of Fairies, 
 or the private Charities of fome well-dif- 
 pos'd Perfons. If We endeavour to find 
 out our Be ne faff or, We run the Hazard 
 of loiing his Benefactions for the future. 
 
 But imce forne Perfons have pretended 
 not only to guefs at the Authors of thefe 
 Papers, in general, but even pofitively to 
 afcribe Ibme particular Papers to particu- 
 lar Gentlemen, with folemn Afleverations 
 of the Truth, upon their own Knowledge, 
 and have employ'd their Hirelings to abufe 
 thefe Gentlemen, upon that Account ; I 
 think it neceflary to allure the Publick 
 that, as far as I know any Thing of the 
 Matter, They have been commonly mif- 
 taken ; hardly ever in the Right ; and if 
 it was thought proper to affix the Name of 
 the Author to every Paper, it would con- 
 vince the World that thofe Perfons have 
 no more Regard to Veracity, than They 
 have Senfe of Skame* 
 
 As
 
 DEDICATION, xxiii 
 
 As thefe auxiliary Contributions (which 
 make the moil coniiderable and fhining Fi- 
 gure, in the following Volumes) were ma- 
 nifcltly intended for the priblick Service ; 
 it would be Infolence in Me to take the 
 Obligation to my felf ; or to make any 
 other Acknowledgments to the Authors of 
 them, than for the Honour They have 
 done me, in thinking me a proper Perlbn 
 to communicate them to the World. 
 
 All I can fay, in my own Behalf is, 
 that as I am very gratefully feniible of this 
 Honour ; fo I have cndeavour'd to put 
 their Writings in the molt advantageous 
 Light, and fpared no Pains to publifh 
 them with that Correctnefs, which They 
 defcrve. 
 
 Having made this Acknowledgment to 
 the World, I may take the Liberty to 
 give my Opinion, without any Arrogancy 
 or Self-Commendation, that no Work, 
 of this Nature, was ever carried on, for 
 fo long a Time, with more Variety of 
 ufeful inflruftion and agreeable Entertain- 
 ment. It is not only fupported with fohd 
 Argument^ and illuflrated with a Multi- 
 tude of Authorities and Examples from 
 the bcft Authors, antient and modern but 
 it is likewifc feafon'd with Humour, enliven'd 
 with Wit) and diverlify'd with all the Em- 
 
 bcllifh-
 
 xxiv DEDICATION. 
 
 bellifhments, which fuch a Work is capable 
 of receiving. Men Politicks are too hard 
 ibr popular Digeltion. It is therefore ne- 
 cefiary for us to make ufe of the moll agree- 
 able Vehicles to convey our Medicines ? and 
 to make them as palatable as pollible to 
 
 our Readers. Thefe are the only 
 
 Arts in our Power. Tbofe^ who op- 
 pofe us, have many others, of a more pre- 
 vailing Nature. 
 
 I do not in the leaft doubt that the Scrib- 
 ~bkrs agaiitft us will make it their Bufinefs, 
 as foon as thefe Volumes arc publiih'd, to 
 pick out ibme Paflages, which may fcem to 
 contradict one another, and endeavour to 
 make us inconiiftent with our felves. Per- 
 haps, there may be fome little Inconliften- 
 cies, of this Nature and, coofidering the 
 Pittance of Time, and the Difference of 
 Circumftances, in which thefe Papers were 
 written, as well as the great Variety of 
 Hands, from whom They came, it would 
 be almoil miraculous if there Ihould not ; 
 but, I believe, We may defy them to 
 produce a imgle Pailage, or a iingle Ar- 
 gument, which does not promote, or 
 is evidently calculated to promote, the 
 general Caufeoi Liberty. Sure I am, that 
 We may defy them to point out any fuch 
 
 glaring
 
 DEDICATION, xxv 
 
 glaring Contradictions^ as abound in their 
 crude Productions. 
 
 If there is any Part of this Work, for 
 which We ought more particularly to ask 
 Pardon of our Readers, it is the Notice, 
 which We have fo frequently taken of 
 tbefe Writers ; but W 7 e have This to fay 
 in our Excufe ; that We have never en- 
 ter'd into any Conroverfy with them, but 
 when They have given us an Opportu- 
 nity, by ibme filly Conceflion, of examin- 
 ing fome Points of great Gonfequence, with 
 more Freedom than We could otherwife 
 have done ; or in order to clear up others, 
 by taking oft' all Objections to our Argu- 
 ments. Such are the Liberty of the Prefs, and 
 the Subject of Liberty and Fatfion ; two 
 Points, which are more fully difcufs'd in 
 thcfe Papers, than They ever were before 
 by any Author whatfoever. We have not 
 confin'd our felves to florid Declamations 
 on tbefe Subjetfs ; but have given them a 
 thorough Examination in all their Branches, 
 and againft all the Objections, which have 
 been brought againft them. 
 
 The Independency of Parliament is ano- 
 ther Subject, of this Kind, which hath been 
 already pretty largely confider'd, and fliall 
 be farther purfued, in Anfwer to a late ///- 
 famous Portion, which hath been advanc'd 
 [ c ] and
 
 xxvi DEDICATION. 
 
 andjuftify'din Print. We fhouldhave taken 
 Notice of this pernicious Doflrine much 
 fooncr, had We not been engaged on ano- 
 ther Subject ; but the Reader may very 
 foon expect to fee our Thoughts upon it. 
 
 I mall conclude with afluring my Coau- 
 trymen that I am detecmin'd to profecute 
 this Undertaking, with the fame Refolu- 
 tion of Mind and Inflexibility of Conduct, 
 as long as the original Motives to it con- 
 tinue, (if God fpares my Life fo long) or 
 as long as We are able to fupport our 
 felvcs againft that Weight of Power, 
 which hath been fo induftrioufly employ 'd 
 to crulh us. 
 
 J am^ GENTLEMEN, 
 Tour afetfivnate ftttow-Sutjecf, 
 
 Grays- Inn, May 
 22, 173-. 
 
 Cal. D'Anvers. 
 
 THE
 
 THE 
 
 BOOKSELLER 
 
 r ~r 
 
 O T H E 
 
 READER- 
 
 f is veceffary that I Jbould fay 
 a Word or two, by way of Apo- 
 logy for this Edition of the 
 Craftfman. 
 
 T'here hath been, for a Tear 
 or two paft, a very great Demand Jor a 
 tompleat Collection of tbefi Papers ', but 
 having already publiJUd two Volumes of 
 them, at different Times, in O&avo, We 
 were under a Difficulty, which We could 
 not eafely ftirmottnt for We could not con- 
 tinue them in that Size, without a Sub- 
 fcription becaufc We did vot know what 
 Number to print, as mlody would buy the 
 
 five
 
 28 To the Reader. 
 
 five laft Volumes without the two former. 
 
 fhe Difficulty would have been the fame, if 
 We had printed all de novo //; that Size , 
 for thofe Gentlemen, who had the two firfl 
 Volumes, would think it very hard to be 
 put to the Expence of the whole Set, and 
 We could not poffibly tell how to proportion the 
 Numbers of each to the Demand. 
 
 Bejidts, as this Work is already become 
 
 very voluminous, and is defign'dto be continu- 
 
 . ed, an Edition in Octavo would prove very 
 
 expenjive which might conjine it to fewer 
 
 Hands, than the Method now taken. 
 
 We hope therefore that thofe Gentlemen, 
 who have been our Qtftomers for the former 
 
 */ ./ 
 
 Volumes, will not be difpleas'd at this Edi- 
 tion, which makes thofe Volumes nfelefs, 
 ft nee They have the whole Collection, with 
 compleat Indexes and graceful Ornaments 
 to each Volume, at a cheaper Price than 
 fhey could haw had the five additional 
 Volumes /';; the other Size. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 "Defign of the Craftfman bcingtaken 
 from the following Letter, We have 
 thought proper to prefix it, by Way of Ex- 
 planatiov to the firli Paper, 
 
 THE
 
 THE 
 
 CRAFTSMAN- 
 
 N i. Monday, December $. 1726. 
 
 \ T is ufually expected that Perfons, who 
 prefume to inftruct or entertain the Pub- 
 lick, fliould give fome Account of Them- 
 felves, and of thofe particular Endow- 
 ments, which qualify them for fuch 
 an Undertaking. Tho' I am fenfible of 
 the Prejudices, which adhere to a known Author, 
 and how perfonal Defects are apt to interfere with 
 a publick Character j yet I think this Expectation 
 fo reafonable in general, that I have determined 
 to place my Name at the Head of this Paper, and de- 
 fign to acquaint the World with fome of the molt re- 
 markable Particulars of my Life. 
 
 I am, by Birth, -the fecond Son of Abraham D* An- 
 vers, Efq; a Gentleman of an ancient Family, and no 
 inconfiderable Eitate in the North of England. I 
 was born in that Year, which is become a remarkable 
 on Account of the Rejtauration of our ancient 
 A ' cftaHUhed
 
 a ffije CRAFTSMAN. N I. 
 
 eftablifhed Government under King Charles II. and 
 the aufpicious Birth of his prefent molt excellent Ma- 
 jefty. I received the firft Rudiments of my Education, 
 under the famous Dr. Busby, at Weftminfter School ; 
 from whence I was tranfplanted to CbriJl-Cburcb Col- 
 lege in Oxford, where I continued between three and 
 four Years ; at the Expiration of which, I was entered 
 of Gray's Inn, and applied myfelf to the Study of the 
 Law. When I was firft called to the Bar, I attended 
 very conftantly in Weftminfter-Hall, and gained confi- 
 derable Reputation in my Profeffion ; but my elder 
 Brother dying, foon after, by which I came into the 
 Pofleffion of a competent Eftate, and having before 
 taken a Difguft to the Chicanry of that Bufinefs, and 
 the prevailing Practice of the Courts, I refolved to live 
 a retired Life, and indulge my natural Inclination to 
 the politer Arts. I had, however, been fo long ac- 
 cuftomed to private Chambers, and a reclufe manner 
 of Life, that I refolved to continue in the fame Method ; 
 which I have accordingly done ever fmce in Gray's-Inn, 
 and was made a Bencher of that venerable Society near 
 twenty Years ago. 
 
 As I quitted the long Robe very early, it gave me an 
 Opportunity of furniming myfelf with fome Degree of 
 Knowledge in moft Arts and Profeffions. I have had 
 Leifure, for thefe many Years, to make my Obferva- 
 tions on Men and Things ; to amufe myfelf with the 
 Writings of ancient and modern Authors ; to look in- 
 to the Conftitutions of the moft flouriming States in all 
 Ages, and particularly of our own ; and have from Time 
 to Time made my Remarks on the feveral Changes and 
 Revolutions, which have happened, not only in the pub- 
 lick Tranfaftions of Government, but alfo in the pri- 
 vate Opinions of Mankind, and the Conduct of parti, 
 cuhr Parties; of all which the Reader will be fully ap- 
 prized in the Courfe of my future Lucubrations. 
 
 What chiefly determined me, at this Time, to ap- 
 pear in fuch a Manner, is the Ufage J have lately re- 
 ceived
 
 N I. tfbc CRAFTS MA NT* 5 
 
 ceived from a certain Writer, who has thought fit to 
 break into the private Concerns of my Family, and 
 publickly expofe me to the World, for my good Nature 
 and Indulgence to one of my Servants ', in which, per- 
 haps, I am not altogether excufable. I am, indeed, 
 fomevvhat obliged to the Gentleman for the good Cha- 
 racter, which he is pleafed to give me, as to my natu- 
 ral Difpofition ; but I think it very hard to fee my pri- 
 vate WeakneiTes, and the Infirmities of old Age fet 
 forth to the World in fo glaring a manner ; for tho' I 
 am ready to allow, that the univerfal Complaints againft 
 Servants are too juft ; that their Corruptions are grown 
 very enormous ; and that I may, in particular, have con- 
 tributed to this publick Evil, by too much Lenity to 
 my Coachman, who, has not deferved fuch Tendernefs 
 at my Hands ; yet fome Allowances ought certainly to 
 be made to a Man in Years ; who being naturally fond 
 of Eafe, is willing to overlook a thoufand little Faults 
 and Impertinences, rather than part with an old Ser- 
 vant, who was brought up in his Family from a Child, 
 and for whom he has contracted a fort of natural Af- 
 fection- 
 
 But fince the Cafe of my Man ROBIN has been 
 made fo pablick, as to become the Subject of all Con- 
 verfation; and my Conduct in that Affair has been- much 
 blamed, as fetting a bad Example to other Servants ', I 
 will in a fhort Time give the Publick an Account of 
 that whole Affair, and of the Motives, which have hi- 
 therto induced me to proceed in this gentle Manner 
 with fo ungrateful and refractory a Servant. In the 
 mean time, I mult acquaint the World, that the Rela- 
 lation, which they have feen of this Affair, in a Letter 
 figned Will. Johnfon, publifhed in the Country Gen- 
 tleman, is, in feveral Inftances, falfe and erroneous; 
 particularly at the Conclufion, where it is faid, that 
 Robin at laft fell from his Coach-Box, and broke his 
 Neck ; for I do hereby affure the Publick, that there 
 was nothing in that Story, any farther than that he re- 
 A 2 ceived'
 
 C R A F T s M A N. N r 
 
 ceived a little Shock one Night, by driving in the Dark, 
 againft another Gentleman's Coach ; but however he 
 might. fuffer in his Reputation as to Coacbmarjbip, and 
 forfeit the Chara&er of a skilful and foler Driver ; yet 
 he was fo far from breaking his Neck, that he drove me 
 bat Yefterday to Hampftead 5 and I have been prevr.ilYl 
 on, by the ftrong Interceffion of his Friends, and his 
 own Promifes of Amendment, to continue him in mjr 
 Service this Winter ; but if he does not immediately 
 grow better, lam refolved, notwithstanding any Im- 
 portunities whatfoever, to difcard him entirely, and give 
 him up to the ftricleft Severity of the Law. 
 
 I have likewife Reafon to complain of the Writer 
 before-mentioned, for reprefenting me, in that Paper, 
 as a Perfon of an indolent Temper, if by that Phrafe 
 he means one, who is unconcerned for theWelfare of his 
 Pellow-fubjedls, and the Profperity of his native Coun- 
 try. I hope a Man may be allowed to live quietly, and 
 indulge the Serenity of his Mind in old Age, without 
 drawing on himfelf the Imputation of being cold and 
 fpiritlefs ; for certainly there is fome Difference between 
 being eafy and indolent ; between fubmitting peaceably 
 to feveral Things, which a private JVIan cannot help, 
 and his being perfectly indifferent whether they were 
 better managed, or not. However, the Charge againft 
 me is contained in fuch general Terms, and I am fo 
 x joth to truft to the Candour of the World for their 
 Conftrudtion, that I chufe to interrupt my defirable 
 Tranquility, and enter upon a Scene of Aftion in my 
 declining Years, rather than lie under the leaft Sufpicion 
 of a tame and vicious Indolence. 
 
 As it is frequently obferved, that thofe Perfons think 
 inoft, who fpeak leaft ; fo perhaps it will hold equally 
 true, that They form the foundeft Judgment of what 
 pafles in the World, who live moil retired from the 
 Buftle of it. As to myfelf, however inconfiderable I 
 may have been thought for the greateft Part of my Life, 
 I hope to convince the World that I am not fo indolent 
 
 and
 
 N I. 'ffire CRAFTS MAN. S 
 
 and carelefs a Spectator, as this Author is pleafed to re- 
 prefent me ; but, on the contrary, that I am as warmly 
 afFefted with the Intereft of my Country,, as any Man 
 in it ; and look with equal Concern upon the manifold 
 Vices and Corruptions ; upon that general Proftitutiort 
 of Principles and Degeneracy of Manners, which have 
 by degrees over-run the whole Kingdom, and put Vir- 
 tue and Honefty almoft quite out of Countenance. 
 
 As for the Corruptions of Servants, I can look upon 
 them in no other Light than as the natural Confequen- 
 ces of the Corruptions of Thofe in an higher Sphere.. 
 The Morals of the Mafter are generally exhibited to> 
 us in the Behaviour of his Domefticks ; for which Rea- 
 Ibn I think it ridiculous to endeavour at a Reformation: 
 of them, unlefs we begin with one amongft our felves. 
 The Effect cannot be removed, whilft the Caufe remains. 
 Let the Ax be laid to the Root of the Tree, if you would 
 effectually ftop the Growth of this Evil ; for it will a- 
 vail but little to lop off a few fuperfluous Branches and 
 Excrefcencies, when the nobler and vital Parts are fo 
 dangeroufly affecled. 
 
 It is for this Reafon that I have entitled my Paper 
 The CRAFTSMAN; under which general Cha- 
 raler I defign to lay open the Frauds, Abufes, and fe- 
 cret Iniquities of all Profeffions ; not excepting thofe of 
 my own ; which is at prefent notorioufly adulterated 
 with pernicious Mixtures of Craft, and feveral fcanda- 
 lous Proftitutions. The fame malignant Contagion has 
 infeled the other learned Faculties and polite Profef- 
 fions. It has crept into the Camp as well as the Court ;; 
 prevailed in the Church as well as in the State ; has vitia- 
 ted the Country in the fame Manner that it has poifoned 
 the City, and work'd itfelf into every Part of our Con- 
 ftitution, from the higheft Offices of Life, down to the 
 loweft Occupations, in a regular and gradual Defcent. 
 
 It is my Defign, in this Paper, to deteft and animad- 
 vert upon all thefe Corruptions, as far as they come 
 within, my Knowledge ; to mew how general the Evil 
 A i
 
 6 'fjoe CR A FT s MAN. N I. 
 
 is grown, and how Craft predominates in allProfeflions. 
 But the Myftery of State-Craft abounds with fuch in- 
 numerable Frauds, Proftitutions, and Enormities in all 
 Shapes, and under all Difguifes, that it is an inexhaufti- 
 ble Fund, an eternal Refource for Satire and Reprehen- 
 fion ; fince from this grand Fountain of Corruption 
 flow all thofe little Streams and Rivulets, which have 
 fpread themfelves through every Part of this Kingdom, 
 r,nd debauched all Ranks and Orders of Men. It mail 
 therefore be my chief Bufmefs to unravel the dark Se- 
 crets of Political Craft, and trace it through all its va- 
 rious Windings and intricate Recefles. I am aware of 
 the Difficulties of this Task, and of the Ridicule which 
 it will draw upon me. I know the fafhionable Part of 
 the World, which includes the Vain and Superficial, as. 
 well as the Self-interefted and Corrupt, will call me a 
 doting old Blockhead for making fuch an Attempt ; and 
 impute my Remonftrances againft Vice to the Peevifti-. 
 efs and Protervity of Age, which naturally inclines 
 us to he, out of Humour with the prejent Times,, and" 
 to- extol thofe which are paft ; but as the fober Part o 
 Mankind, will, I doubt not, judge otherwife of this 
 Affair j and as I have been in a manner nec'effitated to 
 this Undertaking, by the unkind Treatment of the Let- 
 ter-Writen before-mentioned j fo I have armed my, 
 3Viind with fufficient Refolution to defpife any. Re- 
 Broaches or perfonal Invectives, which may be thrown- 
 upon me, whilft I am carrying it on. 
 
 As I am acknowledged by this Author himfelf to be 
 a Gentleman of great Worth and natural Probity ; and 
 the Faults, with which he charges me, being, at the 
 worft, Faults on the right Side, the glorious Errors of, 
 too much Lenity and good Nature ; fo I hope the Reader 
 is inclined to believe that I am not altogether unquali- 
 fied for this Work ; unleis an honeft Difpofition, join'd: 
 with a liberal Education, long Experience, and the 
 Knowledge of Men, as well as of Books, can be fup > 
 to be no Qualifications , But though I have all 
 
 thcfe
 
 N 2. The CRAFTSMAN; yr 
 
 thefe Advantages on my fide; yet I am not, like fome 
 old Men, fo felf-fufficient and opinionated of my own 
 Abilities, as to imagine that I {land in need of no Af- 
 fiftance ; but {hall be very much obliged to any Gen- 
 tlemen, who approve of this Defign, . and will favour 
 me with their Correipondence.. D 
 
 N 2. Friday, December p, 
 
 Rara temporum f elicit as, ubi fenfire qute veils &; 
 qua fentias dice re licet- Tacit, 
 
 ;HE Liberty of Speaking, or publi/hing. 
 our Thoughts, (which, nnce the Inven- 
 tion of Printing, has been ufually call'd 
 the Liberty of the PRESS) is a Thing 
 very little underftood-, and but rarely 
 enjoyed ; for tho' it is undeniably one of 
 the greateft Bleffings of a Free People, and juftly va- 
 lued as fuch by all Men of Senfe, who{e Practices 
 have not made them afraid of it, or when it does not 
 interfere with fome particular Views ; yet This is fo 
 frequently the Cafe, efpecially amongft Great Men* 
 that, in moft Arbitrary Governments, it lies under 
 fuch Reftraints and Difcouragements as amount almoft 
 to a Prohibition ; and, in too many free Countries, 
 we meet only with the Shadow of this Privilege in- 
 ftead of the Subftance. 
 
 By the Liberty of the Prefs, we are not to underftand 
 any licentious Freedom to revile our lawful Governors 
 and Magiftrates ; to traduce the eftablifti'd Laws and 
 Religion of our Country ; or any Attempts to weaken 
 and Subvert, by opprobrious Writings, that facred Re- 
 iped and. Veneration, which ought always to be main- 
 tained
 
 8 fbe CRAFTSMAN. N 2. 
 
 tained for Authority and Perfons in Authority. Nei- 
 ther ought the Prefs to be made an Engine to deftroy 
 the Reputation of our Neighbours ; or to prejudice any 
 private Subject, by infulting his perfonal Frailties, Mif- 
 ifortunes, or Defects ; or by expofing the Secrets of his 
 Family to publick Laughter and Ridicule ; for as theie 
 are Things only of a private Nature, which do not af- 
 fect the Publick, fo the Publick has no Right to the 
 Knowledge of them ; and indeed the Law has provided 
 fuch wholfome Remedies againft all thefe Enormities, 
 both of publick and private Scartdal, that I mould 
 have had no Occafion to make this Diftindtion between 
 Freedom and Licentioufnefs, if fome Perfons had not 
 confounded them together in their Arguments againft 
 the Liberty of the Prefs. 
 
 I mall therefore proceed, in a very concife Manner, 
 to define what I mean by this Liberty, and wherein it 
 truly coniifts ; as well as to mew what are its proper 
 Objects, and when any Nation may be faid to pofTefa 
 this Blefling in its juft and proper Extent. 
 
 By the Liberty of the Prefs I mean (as I fuppofe e- 
 very Body elfe does ) an unreferved, difcretionary Pow- 
 er for every Man to publifh his Thoughts on any Sub- 
 ject, and in any Manner, which is not forbidden by 
 the Law* of the Land, without being obliged to ap- 
 ply for a Licence or Privilege for fo doing. In fhort, 
 where this Liberty prevails, every Author has a Right 
 to print what he pleafes, without asking any Body 
 Leave ; and without fearing any Moleftation from Au- 
 thority, fo long as he keeps within his proper Bounds j 
 which it is his Bufinefs to take care not to tranfgrefs. 
 He knows the Laws of his Country; and if he rafhly of- 
 fends againft them, he muft fubmit to the Penalty. 
 
 For this Reafon, in England, the Prefs is now faid 
 to be free; which cannot be affirmed of it in France 
 and other Arbitrary Governments ; where no Man can 
 publifh his Opinions on any fubject, without firft fub- 
 aiitting them to the Examination of a certain Officer, 
 
 who
 
 N 2. fhe CRAFTSMAN. p 
 
 who is authorized by the Government for that pur- 
 pofe, under the Title of Licenfer of the Prefs; a Power 
 which ftill prevails in our Enz.IiJb Univerjities, and 
 hath but lately ccafed to prevail in the other Parts of 
 the Kingdom. 
 
 Where iuch a Power is exercifed, the Prefs cannot 
 be faid to be free or open ; becaufe this Officer be- 
 ing appointed by the chief Magiftrate, or his Minifters, 
 and continued only during Pleafure, it cannot be fup- 
 pofed that he will grant his Imprimatur to any Book, 
 Pamphlet, or Paper, which is written with a View to 
 ditcredit their Proceedings, however unjuft, or tends in 
 any Manner to give them Offence. 
 
 We ought therefore to efteem the Abolition of this 
 Office as one of our greateft Acquintions in the Caufe 
 of Liberty r and ufe our utmoft Endeavours to prevent 
 its being ever revived among us ; for which purpofe, 
 we mould keep a conftant Eye upon tkofe Men, who 
 are fufpefted to be no good Wifhers to it, and look up- 
 on it as a certain fign of a bad Government, when any 
 Minifter attempts to deftroy the Liberty of the Prefs- 
 
 The next Point to be confiderM is the Objet of 
 this Liberty ; or on what fubjefts it is fuppofed to Al- 
 low us to debate freely ; and thofe can be only G o- 
 VERNMENT and RELIGION; for, as the publick 
 Welfare of every Nation depends entirely on thefe two 
 great Articles, ib they are the only Points on which any 
 Tyrant or arbitrary Prince would defire to reftrain our 
 Thoughts. We meet with no Inftance, in Hiftory, of 
 any Nation, where the Subjects are prohibited from 
 writing on Matters of Indifference and Speculation ; or 
 from venting the Productions of their idle Hours. The 
 moft flavifli Nations, where any Degree of Learning 
 prevails, abound, as much as ours, with Books of mere 
 Entertainment and Diverfion ; as we may obferve in, 
 France, Italy* and Spain ; where there is no Prohibition- 
 of Plays, Novels, Love-Letters, Travels and Romances;, 
 but this is no Proof of the L* forty of the Prefs in thofe. 
 
 Coun-
 
 io ( The CRAFTS MAN. N a, 
 
 Countries ; nor would it be worth contending for here 
 on fuch Accounts. \\hat renders it fo valuable and 
 defirable amongft us, is, that we have hereby an Op- 
 portunity of writing upon fubjects of the utmoft Im- 
 portance ; fuch as nearly affeft our Confciences, our Li. 
 berries, and Eftates. 
 
 I do not mean by This (as I have already obferved, 
 and would always be underitood) a Liberty to under- 
 mine the Fundamentals of Government and Religion \ or 
 to calumniate Perfons in high Power; neither oi which 
 ought to be tolerated in any Society ; but a Liberty of 
 examining the Principles of our Faith by the Teft of 
 Scripture and Reafon ; of declaring our Judgment in all 
 difput.ible Matters ; and of expofing the Corruptions, 
 Impofitions, and ridiculous Claims of fome Clergymen ; 
 a Liberty of giving our Opinion, in the fame ^Manner, 
 of all political Tranfa/fions ; of debating the great Af- 
 fairs of Peace and War ; of freely delivering our Sen- 
 timents concerning any Laws, which are in Agitation ; 
 and of modeftly offering our Reafons for the Repeal of 
 thofe, which are found to be oppreffive ; a Liberty of 
 fetting forth Male-Adminiftration, and pleading for the 
 Redrefs of Grievances ; of expofing Mifmanagement 
 and Corruption in high Places, and difcovering the fe- 
 cret Defigns of wicked and ambitious Men- 
 
 Herein confiffs that valuable Liberty before defcribed ; 
 which is the ftrongeft Barrier of all our other Liberties, 
 both in Church and State', a Liberty which has contri- 
 buted to fo many glorious Tranfaftions and extraordinary 
 Events in all Ages ; and will, I hope, ftill contribute to 
 a great many more, whenever there is a real Occafion ; 
 a Liberty, which all wife and difmterefted Men have 
 contended for, in every Nation, and particularly in our 
 own ButJE fliall treat of This in another Paper ; and 
 content myfelf, at prefent, with mewing when any Peo- 
 ple may be faid to poflefs this glorious Privilege in its 
 juft Latitude.
 
 N2. <The CRAFTSMAN. u 
 
 I have already taken Notice, that this Liber ft is ab 
 folutely mconfiilent with the Office of a Publick Licei 
 fer, .eftablifh'd by Authority, and under the Diredion 
 of Men in Power. But neither is it always to be found 
 even m thofe Countries, where there is no fuch Officer 
 Mifchievous Politicians are never at a Lofs to preferve 
 the Appearance, when they have a mind to abolifh th e 
 <^/, n that wasfir ft taught them by their 
 great Matter Macbiavel ; and which has been much 
 prattifed, and wonderfully improved fmce his Time. 
 
 Thus, in fome Countries, where the greateft Liber 
 ty of the Prefs is fuppofed to be allowed, very little in 
 reality will be found; for the Cafe, in effeft, isjuft 
 the fame, whether their Superiors will not fuffer them 
 topublifh any thing without their Licenfe; or whether 
 they pretend to leave them at their full Liberty, and 
 yet have always fome Artifice in referve to punifh them 
 for ufing tbn Ltberty ; or whether they lay fuch heav^ 
 Ort*** the Prefs, as manifeftly tend to prejudice 
 and difcourage the Freedom of Writing. 
 
 A young unexperienced Author, indeed, thinks it a 
 great Happmefs that he lives in a Country, where he 
 hes under no Reftraints in the Publication of his Works 
 but the Laws of the Land; without confidering that 
 the>/tf Letter of moft Laws is often very different 
 from the Interpretation, which is put upon them in 
 fome fort of Profecutions. 
 
 . The Pradice of Libelling is a Thing of fuch perni- 
 cious Conference that there have been Laws made 
 to punifh it in all civilized Societies; which Laws 
 ought to be put ftriftly i n Execution ; but the Mif- 
 fortune is, that the Nature and feveral Species of Z/- 
 beh are not afcertain'd by any of thefe Laws; but are 
 4 * the J udgment and Dlf cretion of the Courts of 
 Juflice-y from whence it comes to pafs, that in bad 
 Keigns, many real Patriots have been feverely punifhed 
 under the C harafter of infamous Libellers \ fome of 
 whom have loft their Ears, and others their Lives, for 
 
 what
 
 CRAFTSMAN, N a. 
 
 what in a good Reign, they ought to have their Sta- 
 tues erefted in Brais. A Perfon, who applies himfelf 
 to writing, efpecially upon political Subjetfs, fhould 
 never forget the Cafe of the great ALGERNOON 
 SIDNEY; which is fufficient to convince us that no 
 Man is fafe againft the Subtilties and FinefTes of Law- 
 yers and State-Chymifts ; who can extract: Poifon out 
 of the moft innocent Things, and, by tortured Con- 
 ftruftions, apply the Penalties of Statutes, where the 
 Legiflators never defign'd them. There are certain 
 Adepts in this Profeffion, who can prove any Thing 
 from any Thing, and maintain a Point to be Law, or 
 not to be Law, juft as the prefent Occaiion, at any 
 Time, requires ; upon which Account, They are con- 
 ftantly retain'd by another fet of Men, who find them 
 to be of great Advantage in the Conduct of their po- 
 litical Scb ernes 
 
 We have feen , in fome Reigns, remote Allegories, 
 ironical Exprejflons, and the moft dijtant Innuendo's 
 explain'd, by luch Methods, to a Man's Deftrudtion, 
 We have feen Printers and Bookfellers menaced and in- 
 timidated with arbitrary Seizures, illegal Confinements, 
 and groundlefs, vexatious Profecutions. Nay, we have 
 feen fome great Men Hoop fo low, as to collogue with 
 common News-Writers and Jeurnalifts, in order to ob- 
 ftruft all Avenues to Truth, and induce them, by 
 Bribes, to lerve their corrupt Purpofes with fictitious 
 Intelligence and falfe Reprefentations. 
 
 From this negative State of the Queftion, we may 
 judge when the Liberty of the Prefs really fubfifts in 
 any Nation ; for where fuch Methods are practifed in 
 any Degree, there can be no fuch Liberty ; fince a Pri- 
 vilege, which is invaded and fuperceded, in this man- 
 ner, is no Privilege at all. It is indeed only the Manet 
 of departed Liberty, which makes the Lofs of the 
 Subftance the more grievous to us, and is a melancholy 
 'Proof that toicked Men in Authority will ftick at no- x 
 thing to invalidate the juft Rights and Privileges of 
 
 their
 
 N 3- 
 
 their Fellow fubjefts, when they ftand in Competition 
 with their corrupt Dejtgns. D. 
 
 N 3. Monday ', December 12. 
 
 quod Medicorum eft, 
 Promt ft u fit Medici. Hor. 
 
 JHERE is a general Complaint of A- 
 bufes and Corruptions in all Profeffions ; 
 which is moft frequently urged by thofc 
 Men themfelves, who are the chief Au- 
 thors and Occafions of them. If you 
 employ the rnoft infamous Tool of the 
 Law, he will begin with exclaiming againft foul Prac- 
 tice, and congratulate you on your good Fortune, 
 v^hich did not let you fall into the Hands of fome Pet- 
 tifoggers about Town. In like manner we never meet 
 with the Terms Mercenary Scribblers, Wretched Hack- 
 ney-Writers, Scidijis, Poetaflers and fo forth, any 
 where fo often as in the Works of thofe miferable Ver- 
 min themfelves. What is more common than to hear 
 a City Captain inveigh againft our late military Prt- 
 motions ? or to fee the Learning, Integrity, and Merit 
 of our reverend Prelates call'd in qucftion by tittle fac- 
 tious Letturers, Curates, and Sermon-Jobbers ? 
 
 .But the Faculty of Phyfick abounds with Importers, 
 Cheats, and ignorant Pretenders more than any other 
 Profeffion whatfoever, if we may give Credit to the 
 -conftant Declarations and Complaints of the Practition- 
 ers themfelves ; in which Number 1 include not on!/ 
 Tnofe, who call themfelves regular Phyficians, Surge- 
 ons, and Apothecaries ; but likewife all Perfons, who 
 .snake it their Bufmefs to preferve Health, and repair 
 .human Confiitutions, from Rofemary-Lane an4 Haj-
 
 $4 fhe CRAFTSMAN. 3Sf 3. 
 
 don-Yard in the Minories, to 70/w's Coffee-houfe in C0- 
 vent-Garden, and from thence to the King's Afs-houfe 
 in Piccadilly* with all their intermediate Stages and 
 Difpenfatories of Medicine j amongft whom there are 
 continual Clafhings, Revilings, and mutual Exproba- 
 tions. They are for ever abufing one another as Quacks, 
 fmpericks , and ignorant Pretenders', recommending 
 their own Remedies to us as the only original and 
 truly prepared Specificks. At the fame time they kindly 
 forewarn us to beware of Impoftures, trump'd up in 
 Imitation of their approved Remedies ; for which pur- 
 pofe they direft us very exadlly to their Shops or 
 Houfes, and feal their Preparations with their own 
 Coats of Arms, to prevent Counterfeits. 
 
 I defign, in fome future Paper, to examine the Pre- 
 teniions of thefe numberlefs Artifts, and to make a 
 faithful Report to the Publick of their feveral Merits ; 
 to which end, I mail enquire into the true Nature of 
 Quackery, and expofe Mala Praxis to the World, with- 
 out Favour, Prejudice, or Partiality, wherever J find 
 It, from the great Leeches of State, down to the hum- 
 ble Aftrological Phyficians in Barbican and Moorfields. 
 3. fhall take no Notice whether they are Graduates or 
 rot ; Fellows of the College, or Licentiates only ; whe- 
 they loll at Eafe in fpring Chariots, or plod the Streets 
 in a Thread-bare Ck>ak ; whether their Fee is a Gui- 
 nea or a Shilling ; whether they kindly invite you to 
 their Houfes at certain Hours, or will hardly come to 
 yours, if you fend for them ; whether they are favou- 
 rite Court-Opifers, Stage-Mountebanks, itinerant Horfo- 
 Doflors, peripatetick Tooth- Drawers, Oculifts, Corn- 
 Cutters, or Barber-Surgeons ; whether they are old 
 Men or old Women ; firft-born or feventh-born Sons. 
 I mail make no Diftin&ion of Climates in this En- 
 quiry, as whether they are Englijb, French, or High- 
 German Doftors ; nor trouble my Head at what Uni- 
 yerfities they had their Education j or whether they 
 ha4 it at any gr not ; whether they pradjfe in pub- 
 lick
 
 N 3. fhe GRAFT SMAI*. tg 
 
 lick or private ; whether they trumpet their own Cures 
 in the News-papers, or cautioufly murder in fecret, 
 and give the World no Account of the Havock, which 
 
 they are daily making in this great Metropolis; But 
 
 as my only Defign is to diftinguifh Merit and deteft 
 Impofture, fo I fhall have no Regard to any Thing but 
 Truth in this Examination. 
 
 If I ford, upon Enquiry, that the famous Mr. Joky 
 Moire has really perform 'd fuch Cures with his Worm- 
 Powder, and other Medicines, as he affures us he has 
 done ; or if the Attefters for Dr. Suggs of Coventry 
 prove to be Perfons of Reputation ; I fhall make 
 no Scruple to give them the Preference to fome grea- . 
 ter Names, who owe their Saccefs to Flattery and 
 Adulation, or to the Intereft of particular Factions 
 and Cabals, 
 
 _ I flull judge in the fame impartial Manner of Seig- 
 nior Honorato Fortieth's never-failing Medicine for the 
 Gravel and Stone, which he recommends to the World , 
 by publickly affuring us, that he is no Pbyfecian ; a De- 
 claration, which is fomewhat equivocal, and feems very 
 extraordinary in whatfoever Senfe it is to be underitood, 
 But tho' J am ib candid in this Matter, and am re- 
 folv'd to adjuft the Merits of all Competitors, by the 
 Cures which they perform, without confidering their 
 Education, Character, Circumftances, or Profeffions ; 
 yet I would advife this Gentleman (for fo I think hs 
 calls hiinfelf ) to drop thefe Words in his future Ad- 
 vertifements, left they mould give fome Umbrage to 
 the College, as well as to numberlefs well-meaning 
 Perfons in this Kingdom, who are firmly perfuaded 
 that it is not abfolutely impoffible for a Pbtfician ta 
 underfland his Bufuiefs. 
 
 _ I thought it my Duty to give this feafonable Cau- . 
 tionto a Foreigner (as I fuppofe this Gentleman to b* 
 by his Name) that he might not, by his Ignorance of 
 our Cuftoms, draw a powerful Body of Men upon his 
 Back, who might, perhaps, prejudice the Publick -
 
 16 The CRAFTS MAN. N 3, 
 
 gainft what I am willing to believe a very ufeful and 
 excellent Remedy. 
 
 But laying afide all thefe Particulars for the prefent, 
 I cannot help diftinguifhing, in this Paper, one of the 
 greateft Arcana in Phyfick, which either this or any 
 Age has produced, being juftly entitled, 
 
 Catbolicon AUREUM Rafiticum : Or> 
 tTbe Royal GOLDEN Specif ck, 
 
 " "1T7"H I C H is fo well known in all the Courts 
 yY " of Europe, and fo highly approved of by 
 the Nobility and Gentry of this Kingdom, for its 
 wonderful Virtues in all Htyocwdriaail and Hv/lg- 
 rical Diftempers, that it is juftly efteemed the 
 univerfal Medicine ; for it infallibly cures all De- 
 grees of the Spleen, Vapours, and Melancholy, be 
 they of never fo long Duration, or from whatever 
 Caufes they may proceed ; whether from an ill 
 State of Health, Indigeftion, and fharp, biliouy 
 Humoars ; or from a natural Gloominefs and Sa- 
 turnine Difpofition of Mind ; or laftly, from Mif- 
 fortunes in the World, occafioned either by una- 
 voidable Accidents, or by Luxury, Profufenefs, and 
 Gaming j from all which, this ineilimable Medi- 
 cine gives the Patient a fafe and fpeedy Relief, by 
 reclifying the Juices, purifying the Blood, and 
 ftrcngthning theDigeliion ; fo that allbkckThoughta, 
 direful Apprehenfions, and difmal foreboding Fears, 
 < are immediately removed ; in the room whereof 
 " fucceeds a new Train of Ideas, which renovate the 
 " whole animal Oceconomy, exhilerate the Heart, 
 *-' occailon brisk and fparkling Imnginations, chearful 
 " Dreams, and the moft lively and fanguine Spirits. 
 *' In a Word, it recovers all Perfons, as it were by 
 ** Inchantment, from thofe Incumbrances of the 
 * Mind, which occafion a dark and fplenatick way 
 of Thinking, and puts them in a State of perfeft 
 
 f Sqre-
 
 CRAFTSMAN. 17 
 
 Serenity, Gladnefs, and good Humour. It is very 
 pleafant to the Palate, and may be taken without 
 ' the' Knowledge of the moft intimate Friend, Ao 
 c quaintance, or Bedfellow. To be had only of the 
 ' Inventor himfelf, Doftor ROBERT KING, (who 
 
 * has obtained a Patent for the file vending thereof} 
 ' at his own Houfe over againft Arlington-ftreet in 
 ' Piccadilly ; where he is to be advifed with, in thefe 
 ' Diftempers, every Morning from Eight till Twelve^ 
 
 * and at no other Times, unlefs it be upon very ex- 
 ' traordinary Occafions. 
 
 N. B. Any Perfon, by applying to the Doflor, at the 
 Place aforefaidy may be farther fatisfied of the Virtue* 
 tf this excellent Medicine, and of fever al great Cures 
 which it has performed, with the Names of Perfons, 
 who are ready to teftify the Truth of them, and Direc- 
 tions where they may be fpoken with* jf. 
 
 N 4. Friday y December 1 6. 
 
 Res nova & infueta, fttpplicia de ftudiis fumi. Bon 
 berculi publico, ijla in paenas ingeniofa crudehtat 
 poft Ciceronem invent a ej}. Quid enimfuturumfttit* 
 fi Triumviris libuijjet ingenium Ciceronis profcri- 
 bere ? Dii melius, quod eo faeculo ifla ingeniorum 
 fupplicia cteperunt, quo & ingenia dejierunt. 
 
 > AV ING endeavoured, in a former Pa- 
 per, to Hate the true Nature and pro- 
 per Extent of the Liberty of the Preff, 
 or the Freedom of ("peaking and publifh- 
 ing our Thoughts ; I fhall now proceed, 
 in the fame fucctnfl Manner, to prove 
 that fuch. a Liberty, aa is there defined, hits been a- 
 B 3
 
 1-8 tfhe C R A j T s M A N-.. N 4;. 
 
 greeable to the Sentiments and Practices of all great 
 and good Men in every Age and every Nation. 
 
 The Holy Scriptures, which are not only the moft 
 autbentick, but alfo the moft ancient Writings now 
 extant in the World, abound with Inlhnces, where 
 the utmoft Freedom is ufed. in chaftifing the Vices 
 and Iniquities of thofe Times. It is the immediate 
 Direction of God himfelf to one of his Prophets, /$ 
 cry aloud, and fpare not ; to lift up bis Voice like a 
 Trumpet, and jbew bis People their Tranfgrefiions, 
 tvd the Houfe of Jacob the > Sins. 
 The Grecians were fo far from having any Notion 
 of reftraining the Freedom of Speech on any Occafions, 
 that they feem to have allowed an unjuftifiable Lati- 
 tude, and even Licentioufnefs in their publick De- 
 bates ; as-might be amply proved from the Writings 
 of that great Father of Oratory Demoftbenes himfelf ; 
 xvho, in many Paflages of his Pbilippick Orations, de- 
 fcends to fuch Appellations and Forms of Expreffion, 
 as would be efteem'd, in this Age, meer Eillinfgati 
 and Scurrility. The coarfe Language, which Homer 
 puts into the Mouths of his favourite Heroes, and 
 ibmetimes even of his Gods themfelves, is a full Con- 
 firmation of the Liberty of thofe Times j which I- 
 fhall not therefore endeavour to prove any farther in. 
 this place , becaufe it will be mentioned hereafter 
 with more Propriety, and the Sanction of much bet- 
 ter Authority than mine. 
 
 If we come to the Romans, we fhall find them in 
 the full Pofleffion of this Liberty for feveral Ages ; 
 which they enjoy'd not only in Theory and Specula- 
 tion, but in Practice and Reality ; not only the Ap- 
 pearance and outward Shew of it, but the Subftance 
 and the Thing itfelf, in its full Extent, without any 
 Limitations orReftriftions ; without any of thofe Clogs , 
 and Refinements, which are the Inventions of later 
 TJmes. I fay they enjoyed it for feveral Ages j be- 
 Corruption, Luxury, and Libertinifm be-
 
 K 4. The CRAFTSMAN. 19 
 
 gan to prevail amongft them, they alfo loft it ; which 
 was the Forerunner, as it conftantly will be in every 
 Government, of the Subverfion of their Conftitution, 
 ?nd the Lofs of all their other Liberties. 
 
 We are informed by Tacitus, that Auguftus was 
 the firft Perfon in Rome, who took Cognizance of 
 fcandalous Libels, under colour, and by a forced con- 
 ftruclion of the Lex Majeflatis ; being piwoked to 
 this Method of Proceeding by the licentious Behaviour 
 of Cajfius Sever us, who had traduced feveral illuftri- 
 ous Perfons, of both Sexes, in his fatirical Writings ; 
 and that afterwards Tiberius fell into the fame Prafti* 
 ces ; exafperated, in like manner, by fome Lampoons, 
 which were published againft his Pride and Cruelty, 
 by unknown Authors. 
 
 This Lex Majeftatis "was a fort of Law againft 
 High Treafon > which, Tacitus obferves, bore the fame 
 Title in former Times j but that it was then put in 
 Execution againft other kind of Offences, fuch as be- 
 traying the Army, fowing Sedition, or leflening the 
 Majefty of the Raman People by Male-Adminiftration. 
 Aftions, fays he, were condemned, but Words went un- 
 f unified. 
 
 From hence we may perceive the evil Confequen- 
 ces of bad Precedents, and the Danger of departing, in 
 any Degree, from the original Intention of Penal Sta- 
 tutes ; for this Procedure of Auguftus, in {training a 
 Law, which was defign'd only againft AcJions, to the 
 Punifhment even of the wtrfl kind of Writings, paved 
 the way for his next Succeflbr to profecute the moft 
 innocent Books, and deftroy entirely that juft Liberty, 
 which is the greateft Bleffing of a free People. 
 
 As this Method of condemning Books and punifh- 
 ing Authors became a frequent Practice in fucceeding 
 Reigns, fo it gave Birth to that beautiful Reflection of 
 Seneca, which I have chofen for my Motto to this 
 Paper, and may be tranflated, for the Ufe of my Eng- 
 HJb Readers, in this Manner, The Punijbment of
 
 ao Vhe CRAFTSMAN. N< 4. 
 
 learned Men, fays he, K^/ a new and unuftial Thing. 
 Happy was it for the Publick, that tbefe cruel Penalties 
 upon Learning were invented after Tully V Death ', for 
 what would have been the Confequence, if the Trium- 
 virate had thought jit to banifo the Works of Cicero? 
 The Gods more wifely ordained, that fuch Methods of 
 pumjbing ingenious Men Jhould begin in that Age, 
 when Genius itfelf Jhould ceafe in the World. 
 
 If we defcend to later Ages, we fhall conftantly ob- 
 ferve, upon a ftrift Review of the Hiftories of all Na- 
 tions, that Liberty in general has always flourifhed in 
 the greateft Peife&ion, where the Liberty of Wri- 
 ting has been moft encouraged ; and when this Free- 
 dom declines by any Checks put upon the Prefs, that 
 Tyranny and Servitude increafe hi Proportion ; for 
 which Reafon, thofe Perfbns who, in any Age, have 
 been the Patrons of Popular Liberty, have always beea 
 the Champions of the Freedom of the Prefs ; which 
 was never reftrained but in order to ferve fome bad 
 Defign, in wicked Reigns, or under corrupt Admini- 
 ftrations, 
 
 What glorious Complaints and Remonftrances did 
 our Forefathers make againft the cruel and arbitrary 
 Proceedings of the Star-Chamber and High-CommijJion 
 Courts ? How did the Whigs of old exclaim againft 
 feveral Profecutions in the Reigns of King Charles and 
 King James the Second ? Who has not heard of the 
 great Mr. Sydney's Cafe ? And who, that has the leaft 
 notion of Liberty, does not abhor the Proceedings a- 
 gainft him ? which feem to be of the fame nature 
 with thofe fet on foot under Auguftus and Tiberius* 
 by conftruing private Writings into Overt-afls, and 
 punifhing them by the Laws againft High Treafon. 
 Scribere eft agere, will always be efteem'd, by Men 
 of Senfe and Probity, as a moft unjuft, arbitrary and 
 tyrannical Interpretation. 
 
 But, to come yet nearer to our own times, and to 
 Inftaiices, which almoft every Man living may re- 
 mem-
 
 N 4. 2*hc CRAFTSMAN. 21 
 
 member How ftrenuoufly did the whole Body 
 
 of Wbigs contend for the Liberty of the Pre/s at the 
 Litter end of the late Reign ? And how boldly did 
 they put it in Praftice? What a^/^fland did Sir 
 Richard Steele make againft the Proceedings of thofe 
 Times, in his political Writings ? With what unufual 
 Freedom were the Characters and Conduct of the 
 greateft Perfons fet forth in the Medley and High- 
 German DocJor ? And what a multitude of Books, 
 Pamphlets and Papers, to the fame purpofe, were 
 publifhed at that juncture ? Every Body knows who 
 were the Patrons and Encouragers of thofe Writings ; 
 and who have fince rewarded the Authors of them ; 
 which, however difguifed under Fable and Allegory, 
 would not have efcaped in fome Reigns. But I mult 
 do the Perfons then in Power the juftice to own, 
 that they generally fuffered thefe Writings to be pub- 
 liihed with Impunity, and contented themfelves with 
 applying Argument to Argument, and anfwering one 
 piece of Wit or Satire with another. The only In- 
 ftances of any Severity, which we meet with, are 
 burning the Bilhop of St. AfapVs immortal Preface, 
 and expelling SirRicbard Steele out ofiheffoitfe ofCem- 
 mons ; but we meet with no grievous Imprifon- 
 njents, no expenfive Profecutions, or burthenfome 
 Fines, in the Hiltory of that Adminiftration. 
 
 In the Cafe of Sir Richard Steele, I obferve with 
 pleafure fonte of the greateji Names now in the 
 ICingdom, who appear on the Lift of his Friends a 
 publick AfTertors of the Liberty of Writing, by vot- 
 ing with the Minority againft his Expulfion. 
 
 The prefent moft excellent Bifhop of Sarttm has 
 been, for many Years, a zealous Advocate for the 
 freedom of Debate and Liberty of writing on all 
 Subjefts, both religious and political > and has not 
 only exercifed it himfelf, in the moft unwearied 
 manner, for the Service of his Country, but has con- 
 &mUy pleaded for the fame Right in others, and will.
 
 ia The CRAFTSMAN. N 4, 
 
 I doubt not, refume this glorious Topick, when ever 
 there is a proper Occafion. 
 
 We are, at prefent, in no danger of feeing it a- 
 bridged. Thofe at the Hlm were Friends to this 
 Privilege before they were in Power, and have done 
 nothing jince to make them afraid of it. But if any 
 Minifter for the future, either in this or any other 
 Nation, Ihould attempt to deftroy it by indirect Me- 
 thods of punifliing Writers, I fhall offer only one 
 Argument to difiuade Him from it, viz. that it is 
 not his Interfft ; for let Him puniih an Author 
 ever fo feverely, it will in no meafure depreciate his 
 Writings, but on the contrary add to their Value, 
 and give them more Authority. Be/ides, a Man, who 
 has determined to facrifice his Intereft fo far as to 
 write againft Men in fewer, ought to have Refolu- 
 tion encjgh to fuffer any unjufl Punimment, which 
 They can inflift. It becomes only the awkward Poli- 
 ticks of Monks and Pedants, to think of fuppreffing 
 Truth and difcrediting a Man's Writings, or deter- 
 ring an Author, confcious of his Innocence, from pro- 
 ceeding in his Studies, by arbitrary Penalties, Cen- 
 fures and Prohibitions. I cannot illuftrate this Point 
 better, nor conclude this Subject more properly, than 
 by a Paflage out of the Roman Hiftory, as it is re- 
 corded by the fame excellent Writer before-mentioned, 
 in the Life of Tiberius. 
 
 He tells us, " That, in the Confulfhip of Cornelius 
 CoJ/us and AJtnius Agrippa, Cremutius Cordus was 
 indicled for a new and till then unheard-of Crime, 
 viz- that in fame Annals, which he had pubhjhed, 
 he had fpoken in praife of Marcus Brutus, and/aid 
 that Caius C&ffmswas the LAST ROMAN. Satrius 
 Secundus and Pinarius Nafta, two Creatures of 
 Sejanus, were his Accufers ; which was a bad Omen 
 to the Criminal ; and befides, the Emperor himfelf 
 heard his Defence with a wrathful Countenance ; 
 which Cremutius, having given over all hopes of 
 Life, began ia this Manner. F A-
 
 N 4. 3* CRAFTSMAN. 2$ 
 
 FATHERS, 
 
 Y Words only are called in Queftion ; which 
 
 is a certain Sign that my Aftions are innocent. 
 
 Jut neither do my Words relate either to the Em- 
 feror, or the Emperor's Mother, and therefore not 
 within the Law of High Treafon. I am charged 
 with having fpoken in commendation of Brutus and 
 Caffius ', whofe Aftions a multitude of Authors have 
 related, and none of them have mentioned without 
 Honour. Livy, the moft famous of all Hiftorians, 
 both for Eloquence and Veracity, extoll'd Pomfey in 
 fo lofty a Manner, that Auguftus ufed to call him 
 Pompeianus ; nor was this any Bar to their future 
 Friendfhip. He no where mentions Scipio and dfra- 
 nius, nor even this very Caffius and Brutus as Robbers 
 and Parricides, which are now grown fa/hionable 
 Terms ; but often gives them the Title of great and 
 eminent Men. The Writings of AJtnius Pottio make 
 worthy mention of the fame Perfons ; and MeJJala 
 Corvinus called Caffius his General ; yet both of Thefe 
 flourifhed in Wealth and Honours. In what other 
 Manner did Cajar, when Diftator, treat that Book 
 of Cicero, in which he makes Cato equal to the Gods, 
 but by endeavouring to anfwer it in an Oration, and 
 appealing to the World for the Juftice of his Caufe ? 
 The Letters of Antony, and the Speeches of Brutus 
 contain a great many bitter and undeferved Re- 
 proaches upon Auguftus. The Verles of Bibaculus 
 and Catullus, which are fluffed with Reflections upon 
 the Ceefars, are ftill read. But even divine Julius 
 and Auguftus themfelves fuffered thefe thiugs, and paft 
 them over with Impunity ; whether more out of 
 Moderation or Prudence, is not eafy to determine ; 
 for fuch things die of themfelves, when defpifed ; 
 whereas Refentment is a tacit Confeffion of Guilt. I 
 m.all not mention the Grecians ; amongft whom not 
 onjy Liberty but even Licentivufnefs met with In- 
 demnity ;
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N 4 
 
 demnity ; or, if any one took Offence at it, he re- 
 venged Words with Words only. But it was alwaj s 
 more particularly allowable for any Man to fpeak 
 with the utmoft freedom of Thofe, whom Death had 
 exempted from the Power either of Hatred or Favour. 
 Do I endeavour, by my Writings, to ftir up the Peo- 
 ple to Sedition and Civil War, whilft Brutus and 
 Cafftus are actually in Arms and encamped on the 
 Plains of Pbilippi? Or have they not been dead a- 
 bove thefe feventy Years ; fo that they are known on- 
 ly by their Statues, which even the Conqueror has not 
 defaced; or by that faint Refemblance, which is to be 
 found in the Works of Hiftorians ? Poflerity gives to 
 every Man the Praife which he deferves ; nor will there 
 be wanting Thofe, who, if I am condemned, will not 
 only remember Brutus and CaJJius, but MB alfo ? 
 " Having finifhed his Speech, he went out of the 
 Senate, and put an End to his Life by Abjlinciue. 
 The Fathers ordered his Books to be burnt by the 
 JEdiles i notwithftanding which, they remained 
 in private Hands, and were fecretly difperfcd. 
 From whence, fays the Hiftorian, we may judge 
 of the ridiculous Folly of Thofe, who imagine, by 
 frefent Power, to extinguifh even the Memory of 
 Jucceeding Ages ; whereas, on the contrary, the 
 Profecutisn of ingenious Books gives them greater 
 Authority ; nor have either foreign Tyrants, or 
 Thofe, who have exercifed the fame kind of Seve- 
 rity amongit us, gain'd any thing but Infamy to 
 Ibcmjefoes, and Glory to Tbofe, whom they have 
 furdjhed. D- 
 
 Monday^
 
 CRAFTSMAN. 25 
 
 N 5. Monday^ December 19. 
 
 to CALEB D'ANVERS, Efo 
 
 S i R, Cornbill, J>ec. 14. 1726- 
 
 HO' you feem to have applied the 
 greateft Part of your Life to philological 
 and political Studies; yet I promife 
 myfelf, from what you have already 
 publifh'd, that you will not refufe your 
 Affiftance towards clearing up any Point, 
 which may be of Service to your Country ; efpeci- 
 ally on fo important a Subject as TRADE, which is 
 the great Bafis and Support of the Britijb Nation. 
 
 1 mall not, at prefent, enter into the Difpute, 
 how far Monopolies or exclujive Corporations, of any 
 kind, are prejudicial to Commerce in general j but 
 fhall only obierve, that if they are, in any degree, 
 pernicious to a trading Kingdom, though never fo 
 well regulated and honeftly managed, they mufV be 
 infinitely more fo, when they come to be abufed, 
 and fall under a fraudulent and corrupt Direction ; for 
 in fuch a Cafe they are not properly Companies, but 
 illegal Combinations of wicked Men confederated to- 
 gether, in order to cheat and impofe upon their Fel- 
 low -fubjefts. 
 
 Since therefore it has been thought expedient, by 
 the Wifdom of the Leglflature, for divers weighty 
 Reafons and political Ends, to ereft certain great 
 Companies of Merchants in this Kingdom, and in- 
 veft them with Charters to carry on a feparate Trade 
 to feveral Parts of the World ; the utmoft Care ought 
 ro be taken that the original Defign of their Incor- 
 C pora-
 
 a6 *fbe CRAFTSMAN. N 5. 
 
 poration may not be perverted and abufed ; for if the 
 Managers of any of thofe Companies, not con tent with 
 large Salaries, and the molt beneficial Branches of 
 Commerce, exclufive of the reft of their Countrymen, 
 ihould endeavour to raife an unjuft Profit by clan- 
 deft ine and corrupt Methods, the Confequence would 
 be fo fatal, not only to the Joint-proprietors of the 
 .Stock, and all trading Perfons, but to the Kingdom 
 in general, that fuch Practices ought never to efcape 
 \vith Impunity. And, indeed, the exemplary Puniih- 
 ment, which was inflicted on the late South-Sea Di- 
 rettors and others, for notorious Male-behaviour and 
 Breach of Truft, leaves us no Room to doubt that 
 all future Mifmanagement and unwarrantable Prac- 
 tices, either in that or any other Company, will meet 
 \vith the fame ftrift Examination and jufl Severity. 
 
 Thefe were always my Thoughts concerning Trade 
 -and Companies ; but they have been lately refreftied 
 in my Mind by the Difcourfe, which has been cur- 
 rent about Town, concerning fome Frauds, which 
 .are faid to have been difcovered at a late Sale of 
 Eaft India Goods. I own, I gave no Credit to thefe 
 Humours at ftrfl ; which I look'd on as lome of the 
 ufual Artifices of difafFccled and ill-defigning Men; 
 for as it is at belt a difputable Point, whether that 
 Irade is really of any Advantage to this Kingdom, 
 or not ; fo I was unwilling to believe that any Per- 
 fons, who are concerned in the Direction of it, 
 would ftoop to fuch fcandalous Collufions, as muft 
 entirely deilroy that little Benefit, if any, which ac- 
 crues to us from this Branch of Commerce; efpo 
 . cially at a Time, when we are faid to be in Danger 
 of being involved in an expenfive and bloody War, 
 almoft on Purpofe to fupport the Intcreit of * that 
 Company ; but I could not help believing that there 
 muft b fomething more than J at firft apprehended 
 
 * fy abolijtiing tbt Oftend Gomp any. 
 
 to
 
 N 5 fbt C R A F T S M A N. &f 
 
 in thefe Reports, upon reading feveral Advertifemeius, 
 in the publick Prints, deliring All Buyers of Piece- 
 Goods of the United Eaft-India Company to meet the 
 Jirft of December at the Crown Tavern behind the 
 Royal Exchange, on /pedal Affairs ; and I was far- 
 ther confirm 'd in This by the late Proceedings at a 
 general Court of the Eaft-India Company. 
 
 It was my Intention to have been present at that 
 Meeting, being an hearty well-wimer to the Pro- 
 fperity of Trade, in which I have been long con- 
 cern'd, and very defirous of acquainting my felf 
 with all Tranfa&ions and Occurrences of that Na- 
 ture ; but I was difappointed in my Defign by a 
 fudden Indifpofition, which prevented me from go- 
 ing abroad ; fo that I can judge of that Affair only 
 by hear- fay, and from what has been made publick: 
 in the Whitehall Evening Poft. 
 
 Upon reading the Account of the Proceedings 
 and Refactions of the general Court, publifh'd in 
 that Paper on Saturday the loth Inftant, I can- 
 not help thinking it very defective and prejudicial 
 to the Honour of that Company, as well as to the 
 Character of Mr. Ecchftone ; for we nd the Com- 
 plaints of the Merchants and Traders, Buyers of Piece- 
 Gwds, contained in a Remonflrance and two Repri- 
 fentations, fet forth there in the ilrongeft Light; 
 whereas the moft weak and frivolous Anfwers are ie- 
 turn'd to them on the Part, as it is affirm'd, of 
 the Court of Directors ; and tho' Mr. Eccleftone \9 
 faid to have fpent a great deal of Time in proving 
 bit Innocence, which he did very handfomely ; yet all 
 the World, except Thofe, who were prefent at this 
 Aflembly, are left entirely in the Dark as to the 
 Manner or fubftance of his" Defence. In order to 
 judge of this the better, it will be neceflary to re- 
 view the Account of this Affair, Article by Article, 
 as it Hands in the Paper before-mention'd, which 
 begins thus, 
 
 G 2. Eajl-
 
 aS <Pbe CRAFTSMAN/ N 5. 
 
 Eaft-India-Houfe, Friday, Dec. 9. 1726. 
 
 " r | "^ H I S Day was held here a general Court 
 " JL of the United Company of Merchants of 
 " England, trading to the EaJl-Indies ; when they 
 " took into Confideration the Complaints of theMer- 
 *' chants and Traders, Buyers of Piece-goods at the. 
 " Company's Sales, contain'd in a Remcnftranee of the 
 ' faid Merchants, &c.' to the Court of Directors, 
 " and in two Reprefentatiotis, deliver'd by the Mana- 
 " gers for the faid Merchants, fcfr. to the Committee 
 " appointed by the Court of Directors to enquire into 
 the Hariijhips and Complaints of the Buyers j 
 ' wherein was fet forth, at large, That at the late 
 " Sate of the Gurrabs, by the Ship Eyles, a large 
 ** Quantity were all put up at 173. a great Part of 
 " which were difcovered to be of a much better Sort 
 " than the Sampler ', which cccafion'd the Aljourn- 
 il mer.i of the faid 'Safe, to the Difappointment of 
 *' Tbofe, who, by their private Fore-knowledge of that 
 ." Affair, would have made an unjufi Gain, at the 
 " Compatii's Expence, and have done a manifeft In- 
 /;.">' to the lefs knowing Bvyers. That tbofe Di* 
 rcftcrs, who are Buyers at thefe Sales, have evi- 
 ' dcntly too much Advantage of others ; and that 
 ' even the Dutch Buyers have often had the fame 
 ' unjuft Advantages communicated to them, by fome 
 -' Means or other, to the great Detriment of the 
 ' Company, and of the fair Buyers of our Nation ; 
 ' who would have been rui ned by fuch a Cour r e of 
 *' Trade, and the Company muft have been deprived 
 ' of any other Buyers than their own Directors and 
 " the Dutch Gentlemen, or fuch as could obtain an 
 " equal Knowledge with them, of this Secret, that 
 " found and fin- 3 - Goods were to be bought by damaged 
 " and coarfe Samples. That therefore, upon the 
 " moil mature Confideration of the knowledge the 
 ' t-uying Direflers mull have of the Company's in- 
 
 veft-
 
 K 5. *ke C R A F T S M A N. 2p 
 
 4 veftments, and likewife of the Coft and Variations 
 
 ' of all the Goods, and their neceflary Direction^ 
 
 f of the Sales, there can be no effectual Remedy of 
 
 * thefe Evils, unlefs all the Buyers be put upon the 
 fame Foot, and equally acquainted with the Varia- 
 
 * tions of Co/Is; and unlefs, for the future, NO Di- 
 ' RECTOR, direftly or indirectly, be permitted tor 
 
 * be a BUYER at any of the Company's Sales', which 
 ' is the known Practice of the Dutch Eajl-India Com- 
 
 * P^ny." 
 
 Can any thing be more ftrongly drawn up than 
 this plain Reprefentation ? Or can any Complaints be 
 more jufl, provided the Fails, therein charged, are 
 really true ? And if they are fo, what Demands can 
 be more reafonable than Thofe, which the Complain- 
 ants make, in order to prevent effectually thefe Evila 
 for the future? 
 
 As to that part of the Charge, which relates to 
 the Dutch Gentlemen, I am very loth to believe the 
 Faft to be true, and heartily wifti that the Complain- 
 ants may find themfelves miftaken in fuch*a Sug- 
 geftion. How romantick and ridiculous would it ap- 
 pear, if we mould lavifhly exhauft the Blood and' 
 Treafure of Great-Britain, in order to prevent tne 
 foreign Power from interfering with us in this Branch 
 of Commerce, at the fame time that the fuppofed 
 Profit of it is perfidioufly betray'd into the Hands 
 of another? I can fee no difference in the Cafe; nor 
 mould any Preference be given to either of thefe 
 Powers ; both of whom are equally, as yet, our good 
 Friends and Allies, if That were any thing to the 
 Purpofe ; but fince Trade is the Bone of Contention,, 
 it is of little Confequence to a fair-dealing Britifo- 
 Merchant whether it be a pretended Friend, or 
 frofefs^d Enemy, that takes it from him. 
 
 But let us now proceed to the Anfwer, which the 
 Author of this Paper, in the name of the Court of 
 Directors, makes to thefe Representations. 
 
 e r
 
 30 ^ CRAFTSMAN. N'j. 
 
 " After this, fays be, the Anfiaer of the Court of 
 * Directors to the faid Remonftrance and two Repre* 
 fentations was alfo read, fetting forth that upon 
 an accidental Difcsvery , at the Company's late 
 Sale, of a Miftake committed in the Samples of th 
 Piece-goods, they had thereupon enquired into the 
 Aftair, and had found one of the Company's Ser- 
 vants guilty of fome Neglett in the Duty of his 
 Port, and that the Court of Directors had punifhed 
 him for his Crime, by fufpending him from his 
 Office, and he had remained fufpended everjlnce ; 
 that having done This, they were defirous of giv?- 
 ing all reafonable Satisfaction to the Buyers for the 
 future, and they had therefore called this General 
 Court to receive their Direction upon the prefent 
 *' extraordinary Occafion." 
 
 I fuppofe thefe Declarations, faid to- be made by the 
 Court of Direftors, were not only barely fet forth in 
 their Anfaer, but alfo proved, by unqueftionable Evi- 
 dence, to be true. I prefume it appeared, beyond all 
 doubt, that this Affair of the Samples was really a 
 MISTAKE, and owing only to the NEGLECT of 
 one of the Company's SERVANTS; that this Ser- 
 vant was named and produced in the Court; that he 
 tliere acknowledged his Offence, and gave the Com- 
 plainants juft Reafon to believe, that he was under 
 no manner of Influence, nor had received any Orders, di- 
 rectly or indirectly, in this Affair ; in which Cafe, 
 I think the poor Man fufficiently punifhed, by Suf- 
 penflon from his Office, though it were for- nevery? 
 fhort a Time. I muft fuppofe all This, becaufe the 
 firnple Allegations of the greatefl Body of Men in the 
 World, in a Matter of this Confequence, and in Anfwcr 
 o fuch- ftrong 'Reprefentations and violent Sujpicions, 
 would not be thought fatisfactory in any Court of Ju- 
 ^ce. ." lam glad however that they were defirous 
 "' of giving all reafonable Satisfaction to the- Buyers 
 *-fer the future; and that they had. called this G?- 
 
 " nerd
 
 N 5. The CRAFTSMAN. 3* 
 
 " neral Court to receive their Direction, upon the 
 " prefent extraordinary Occafion." Let us therefore 
 fee how the Matter went in- 
 
 " Then the Debate was opened by the Managers 
 " for the Merchants ; who infifted upon the Fafls and 
 " Propofitio-n laid down in their printed Remonflrance 
 " and Reprefentations ; upon which it was moved, 
 " that they fliould declare, whether they meant to 
 " charge the Court of Directors with the Mifmanage- 
 " ment alledged, or only foine particular Perfons in 
 ." the Direction. And it was determin'd not to be a 
 " Complaint againftthe whole Body of the Direclors, 
 " but that one of them, Mr. Eccleftont by Name, had 
 " been guilty of a great Breach of Truft, in making 
 " Uie of his previous Knowledge of that Mi/lake in 
 " the Samples at the Safe, to the Detriment of the 
 " Company. 
 
 " At length, after This had been long canvafled, 
 " Mr. Eccteftone made his Defence, and fpent a great 
 *' deal of Time in proving his Innocence ; and This he 
 " did fo hancifomely, and with fo much Succefs, that 
 *' when the Queftion was called for, Whether Mr. 
 tf Eccleftone be guilty of a Breach of Truft, &c. ano- 
 " ther was moved, and feconded. viz. That the put- 
 " ting the faid Queftion be adjourned, fine Die ; 
 " which was carried in the Affirmative by a great 
 " Majority." 
 
 I think it abfolutely neceflary, for the full Juftifi- 
 cation of the Company in general, and of Mr. Eccle- 
 Jltne in particular, that this notable Harangue may be 
 made as publick as the late Rumours and Afperfions on 
 his Character have been ; which were not confined to 
 that particular Bedy of Men, whom fuch Reports 
 moil concerned, nor to one corner of the Town, but 
 have been fpread through every Part of the Kingdom,. 
 and become the Subject of general Indignation. Nei- 
 ther can I make the leaft Doubt that Mr. Eccleftone 
 will refufe Uu Satisfaction to the, World, as well -as 
 
 this
 
 32 &be CRAFTSMAN. N 6. 
 
 this Juftice to himfelf ; fince as we are all fenfible of 
 that Gentleman's excellent Talent at Speech-making ; 
 fo'I am ready to agree with this Writer, that it muft 
 be a very havdfome, clear, and mafterly Defence, 
 which could meet with fuch wonderful Svccefs, as to 
 produce an Adjournment, fine Die, of the <$ueftion y 
 whether be was guilty, or not ; for the impartial De- 
 cifion of which, they were affembled together in this 
 extraordinary Manner. 
 
 " However, as this Writer goes on, for the Sa 
 *' tisfaftion of the Buyers, who had raifed this Storm, 
 " it was refolved, that, for the future, at the Sales 
 " of Piece-Goods, there ffaall be different Samples pro- 
 ' duced, where there is any Variation in the Prices ; 
 " and it was alfo refolved, that the Warebeufe- Keepers 
 " of the Company fhould, for the future, give fecu- 
 ** rity for the Discharge of the Duty of their Poft ; 
 " and that their Securities fhould become anfwerable 
 " for any Damage, which the Company might iuftain 
 " by any Neglecl or Fault of theirs." 
 
 Suppofing Mr. Eccleftoxe to be entirely inmcent (as 
 we are now obliged to do) and that all this Clamour 
 was occafioned only by a Mijiake and the Neglecl of 
 one of the Company's Servants, I believe thefe Pre- 
 cautions, for the future, may befufficient ; though I do 
 not readily underftand what Securities can be given 
 in this Cafe ; nor can I doubt that thefe worthy De- 
 terminations gave full Satisfaction to the complaining 
 Merchants and Traders ; without whkh this Bufinefs 
 cannot be faid to be happily finifad, as this Writer 
 aflures us, and as I hope it may be, without the 
 Trouble of a PARLIAMENTARY ENQUIRY,, at this 
 critical Juncture ; when it is to be feared the whole 
 Attention of the Legijlature will be taken up about 
 other Matters of the utmoft Importance. 
 
 I muft not conclude without defiring the Reader 
 to obferve that I have taken the whole Reprefentation 
 f this Cafe verbatim from the Writer of the Whitehall 
 
 Evening.
 
 N 6. 3%e CRAFTSMAN. 33 
 
 Evening Pofl, and that he is anfwerable for any Mif- 
 takes, which may be in it. For my own part, I can 
 only promife, that if I am charged with any fallacious 
 Reafoning, or forced Deductions, I will either en- 
 deavour to juftify myfelf againft fuch a Charge, or 
 acknowledge my Errors. 
 
 / am, SIR, 
 
 Tour humble Servant r 
 
 and Well-wiJI;er, 
 MERCATOR. 
 N 
 
 N 6. Friday ) December 23. 
 
 Didtur. 
 
 Opiferque per orbetn 
 
 Man, who is engaged in a general De- 
 fign of corre&ing Vice, and expofing> 
 Fraud, rnuft be contented to fuffer a 
 great deal of undeferved Reproach, and 
 to incur the Refentments of numberlefs 
 Perfons v/5thout any juft Caufe ; but as 
 I cannot expeft, according to the common Courfe of 
 Nature, to continue much longer in this World ; fo I 
 would not go out of it without difchargir.g my Con- 
 icience, and leaving behind me fome publick Tefti- 
 mony of my Zeal againil the prevailing Depravity of 
 the Age, in which I live ; that, whatfoever may be 
 the Fate of my Country when I am gone, it may ap- 
 pear that I gave no Encouragement, either by my Do- 
 or Example, to the reigning Vices of the times; 
 
 . bur,
 
 34 ft* CRAFTSMAN. K 9 6, 
 
 but, on the contrary, endeavoured, as much as lay in 
 my Power, to check thatTorrent of Corruption, which 
 I found breaking in upon us. 
 
 Tho' I am but juft enter'd on this commendable Work, 
 yet I find that I have already given great Offence to 
 feveral powerful Bodies of Men in this Town ; par- 
 ticularly to the learned Faculty of Pbyjick ; who, it 
 feems, are highly exafperated againft me for recom- 
 mending the famous Dr. King's CatMicon AUREUM 
 Bafilicum ; or, The Royal GOLDEN Spetifck, for the 
 Spleen and Vapours ', which a certain learned Fellow 
 of the College (who at prefent mall be namelefs) hath 
 thought fit, in a publick Coffee-houfe, to call a ^uack- 
 Remedy. 
 
 It is, methinks, a very hard Cafe, that a Man can- 
 not diftinguifh himfelf from the common Herd of his 
 Profeflion, without gaining the Character of an Em- 
 perick ; and that the fame Medicine mall be call'd a 
 Quack-Medicine (though it performs never fo many 
 unqueftionable cures) whilft it remains in a private 
 Hand, which mall be immediately transform'd into a 
 never-falling univerfal Specijick, as foon as the Author 
 vouchiafes to make the College as wife as himfelf. 
 
 As this Treatment of Doftor King's Remedy is, I 
 believe, chiefly occafioned by my Publication of it ; I 
 think my felf obliged, in Juftice both to him and my 
 felf, to give the World fome farther Account of that 
 Affair, and of the Reafons, which induced me to fpeak 
 fo much in its Behalf. 
 
 The Advertifement of this Remedy was brought, 
 about a Fortnight ago, by a well-looking, frefh-co- 
 lourM Man, in a mourning Livery, in order to be in- 
 ferted in this Paper ; but though the DocJor feems to 
 promife very fair, and gives a phufible Account e- 
 nough of his Medicine, yet I am always fo cautious of 
 hnpofing on the Publick, that I refolved to make fome 
 Enquiries into the Truth of his Allegations, before I 
 gave it the Sanction of my Recommendation in this 
 Paper. With.
 
 N6. The CRAFTSMAN. ^ 
 
 - With this Intent, I waited on the Doff or himfelf 
 for Satisfaction ; andjiappening to be fomewhat out of 
 Humour on Account of the kte Lottery, He chofe to 
 convince me of the Virtue and Efficacy of his Roial 
 Speafick, by an Experiment on myfelf. He gave me 
 a /mall Quantity of it, which I applied according to 
 his Directions; and, in lefs than the Space of five Mi- 
 nutes, found myfelf perfectly recovered ; feeing things 
 in quite another Light than what I did before, and 
 berng m as chearful a Temper as I ever remember my 
 ielf to have been in my whole Life. 
 
 Upon which theDoffor, fmiling very pleafantly upon 
 me, (as I am told it is his Cuftom) proceeded with 
 great Franknefs and Ingenuity to acquaint me with the 
 Method of his obtaining this Remedy, and of feveral 
 wonderful Cures, which he had performed with it, du- 
 ring hisjix Years Practice in this City. He own'd to 
 me, that He in a manner extorted the Secret of this 
 No/lrum, with great Difficulty, after much Importuni- 
 ty and feveral particular Services, ( not" fit to be men- 
 tioned) from the late famous Dr. Cataline ; having 
 been firft convinced of its invaluable Qualities by a 
 mob furfnzing Cure performed on himfelf; but he 
 afluredme that, without Vanity, he might prefume 
 to fay _ that he had made no fmall Improvements on 
 the original jem>>. He likewife tolT me, that altho' 
 he could not pretend, like fome eminent, as well as 
 obfcure Practitioners, to have travelled into remote 
 Kingdoms for Experience ; yet he could truly boaft 
 that the Fame of his Royal Preparations, and "the A- 
 droitnefs of his Skill had reached the moft diftant Re- 
 gions of the World; having had the particular Ho- 
 nour to perform feveral wonderful Cures, not only in 
 the mcft flounfhing Courts of Europe, but likewife in 
 the great Empires of Turky, China, Japan, and Mo- 
 rocco, as well as in molt Parts of the Ea/i and WeP- 
 r J ' 
 
 He
 
 36 fbe CRAFTSMAN. N 6. 
 
 He aflured me, in particular, that the Duke de Ri- 
 ferda, late Prime Minifter of the Kingdom of Spain, 
 was, for fome Time, under his Hands ; and that he 
 fhould not in the leaft have doubted of making a perfefl 
 Cure of him, if he had not, on a fudden, unhappily- 
 fallen into Difgrace. It is not unlikely that This was 
 partly occafioned by his Correfpondence with the Do- 
 ftor, at a Time when there were fome Differences 
 between the two Courts ; which, to the natural Jea- 
 loufy of the Spaniards, might give Grounds of Suf- 
 picion, and alarm them with Apprehenfions that fome 
 dangerous Defigns were carrying on, under the Pre- 
 tence of curing a common bodily Infirmity. 
 
 He was farther pleafed to inform me, that he hath 
 now feveral great Men for his Patients in the Courts 
 of Trance, Germany, Holland, Sweden, Poland, Savoy, 
 Denmark, Mufcovy, and PruJJla ; befides moft other 
 inferior States and Kingdoms j not excepting even the 
 little pretended Court of Bologna ; but as it would be 
 leflening the Character of moft of thefe Perfons, to 
 have it known that they are fubject to fuch flatulent 
 Diftempers, fo he defued to be excufed from fpeciiy- 
 ing their Names. 
 
 He then proceeded to give me the Particulars of 
 fome equally eminent Cures, which he has perform'd 
 in his own native Country of Great Britain > par- 
 ticularly on two great and very antient Families in 
 Weflminfter ', which were, fome Time ago, .afflicted 
 with the moft virulent Degree of this Diftemper ; 
 and which rendered them fo peevifh, froward, and per- 
 verle, that there was no dealing with them, or bring- 
 ing them to any fort of Temper. Several Methods 
 were made ufe of to no Purpofe ; till at length Dr. 
 King being fent for, and his Remedies applied, the 
 Symptoms immediately abated, and in a fhort Time 
 entirely vanimed. They continue ( bleffed be God ! ) 
 in a more perfect State of Health and good Humour 
 
 than
 
 N6. <ft>e CRAFTSMAN. 37 
 
 thnn they were ever known before, by the confiant 
 Ju , of ' b " s P"*W'> for it is obferved that, upon 
 Kx\z& Inter mijjion or Neglect, they are apt to re- 
 lapfe;_ for which Reafon they always keep a great 
 Quantity of tbefe Medicines in their Houfes, 
 
 He told me alfo of two eminent Lawyers, whom he 
 lately cured of a flrange political Difetfe, which they 
 had contraaed by reading ieveral peftilent Books an5 
 Pamphlets, written in Commendation of the Procee- 
 dings of the Jte Reign. This State-Spleen (which is 
 he propereft Name I can give it) 4d intoxicated 
 icir Brains fo much, that they were conftantly raving 
 aoout ^ Danger of tke Church, and would talk Trca- 
 fonpubhckly i ? all Places; which had like to have 
 brought One of them into Trouble ; but the Govern! 
 mentconfidered his Cafe; and , out of their known 
 Lenity only defired his Friends to take care of him 
 Upon the^r's ; fitting up, this Gentian was on f 
 
 ^J5S U ^ WhlC r he P erforme d> ^d has continued 
 perfeftly well ever fince, by the conjlant and regular 
 Application of this unparallel'd Arcanum. The OtbeSt 
 piltempei-contmued longer upon him, from an An! 
 tipathy, which he had taken againft any of Dr. K 
 Prefcriptions; which was occafioned, as it is fig^C 
 old family Piq ue , but fome preliminary Advance 
 o^vardsa Reconalement being made by (he D^ or 
 (who is reckoned a good natur'd Manf and wftfcL 
 rS>r *( t 8 NsftrM ^ HS C nfen ^ to the Ope 
 
 muck
 
 CRAFTSMAN. K 6. 
 
 much fafer under the Government c/Trance, than that 
 of England. The Bill pafs'd ; and his Diftemper en- 
 creafed upon him ; which made him fo fretful, unto- 
 wardly, and capricious, that there was no bearing his 
 Company. He could not keep his Temper in any 
 Place, however folemn and venerable ; but raged, 
 kicked, fcolded, and protefted againft every thing that 
 happened to be faid or done. At length, it came to 
 that heighth, that he raved downright, and foamed 
 at the Mouth. He dream'd every Night that a Sett 
 of Ruffians were employ'd to break into his Houfe, 
 and cut his Throat ; which put him under fuch ter- 
 rible Apprehenfions, that he refolved to quit this un- 
 liappy Kingdom, and fpend the Remainder of his 
 Days under the benign Influence of a French or Sfa- 
 nijh Government, as feveral of his Friends had done 
 already. But before he put this wife Refolution in 
 Practice, He was prevail'd on by the Dofiors Offici- 
 oufnefs and Good-nature, (as I have already fet forth) 
 who knew his Diftemper at firft fight, without offer- 
 ing to touch his Pulfe ; and, in a few Days, made fb 
 perfeft a Cure, that he was heard to declare in pub- 
 lick, that Things would go mighty well; and that the 
 Teople ^England lived under the belt Government in 
 She World. 
 
 He acquainted me with feveral other furprizing 
 Cures, which he had performed upon all forts of Per- 
 ibns, both in Town and Country ; but as thefe effe- 
 >lually convinced me of the Doctor's Abilities, fo I hope 
 they will be fufficient to fatisfy the courteous Reader. 
 
 1 doubt not, that my publick Recommendation of 
 this incomparable Remedy will induce the whole 
 Tribe of London Medicafters to apply to me for the 
 fame Favour , but as the publick Good {hall always 
 be my chief View, fo I muft defire thefe Practitioners, 
 both Male and Female, not to trouble me with their 
 Advertisements, unlefs -their Remedies will bear the 
 fame ilnft Examination. A 
 
 s Monday
 
 N 7. Vke CRAFTSMAN. 39 
 
 7. Monday, December 3.6. 
 
 ' H E Pradlice of Libelling, as J have al- 
 ready obferved, is of very dangerous 
 Coniequence to any Government ; efpe- 
 cially when the Poignancy of the Libel 
 is directed againft Majefty itfelf; for as 
 the Maxim of our Law, that the King 
 tan do no wrong-, has no other Meaning, than that his 
 Minifters ought to be accountable for all Mifmanage- 
 ment and Male-Adminiftration, fo it is highly unrea- 
 ionable to point any Reflections againft the Prince him- 
 felf ; notwithtlanding which, it is obfervable, upon a 
 Review of the Hi (lories of moil Reigns, that great 
 Minijhrs commonly mew lefs Uneafmefs at any In- 
 ve&ives againft their Mafters than againft Tbemfelves* 
 There is vifibly fome Policy inThis ; fince every Body, 
 who does not wifh for the total Subverfion of the Con- 
 ftitution, will refent any Attempts ngainft the facred 
 Perfon of the King ; whereas Complaints againft his 
 Minifters, when well grounded, ought not to be look'd 
 upon in the fame Light. I would not have thefe Ob- 
 fervations applied to a late infamous Parallel, pub- 
 lifli'd in one of the Journals ; the Author of which is 
 fuppofed to have been, lately, a fecret Friend to fome 
 Men in Power. But I am diverted from purfuing this 
 Argument any farther, at prefent, by the following 
 Letter, which will admit of no Delay. 
 
 To CALEB D'A N v E R s, Efq', 
 SIR, 
 
 MY Curiofity carried me, laft Wednefday, to 
 be prefent at one of Mr. Henlfs acade- 
 mical Orations ; which I had heard fo much and fo 
 D 2 diffe-
 
 4O '^be CRAFTSMAN. N 7* 
 
 differently talk'd of. I muft do that ingenious Di- 
 vine the Juftice to fay, that I think his Undertaking 
 a very ufeful one, as he conveys a great deal of phi- 
 lological and critical Learning in a Language, that 
 every Body underflands, and in a very clear and plain 
 Method. His Subjeft that Day was HORACE; 
 upon which he mentioned feveral Particulars, to 
 which I was before a Stranger ; expatiating in the 
 handfomeft Manner en the Excellencies of that great 
 Man, and at the fame Time difguifing none of his 
 Failings. 
 
 I will endeavour to recoiled!: fome of the Pafla- 
 ges ; and perhaps you may not think them unworthy 
 of being inferted in your Paper. 
 
 After having given an Account of Horace 's Paren- 
 tage, and the Place of his Birth, which are too well 
 known to be repeated, he took Occafion to com- 
 mend his Writings, the Purity of his Style, and that 
 turiofafelicitas fo peculiar to him. He then entered 
 into the Defcription of his Per fan and Charafter; ob- 
 ferving that he call'd himfelf, pleafantly enough, Epi- 
 furi de gregePorcum ; i. e. a Szuzne o/'Epicurus'.r Herd ; 
 from whence he inferred that he was fomewhat fat 
 and very dirty. In another Place, he dys, Non ego 
 faucis offendar maculis ; which is, that he did not 
 value a few dirty Spots. From thefe two Paflages he 
 iaid it was manifeft, that Horace was little better than 
 a Sloven. It appear'd likewife from himfelf, that his 
 Fortune was originally very fmall, but that he en- 
 creas'd it conliderably, even beyond his own Expec- 
 tations. 
 
 Hoc erat in votis, modui agri nan ita magnus ; 
 Dii tneliui fecere. 
 
 A fmall bit of Land would once have contented, me ; 
 tut thank Gody it is better with me now. 
 
 Mr.
 
 N 7. The CRAFTSMAN. 41 
 
 Mr. Henly farther obferved, that it was a- vulgar 
 Error to think that Horace was never married ; for 
 that the learned Heinfius afterts, that he married a. 
 Woman of Lombardy, of a confiderable Fortune ; 
 uxorem e gente Longobarda locuphtiorem duxit. 
 
 As to his Manners, they feem to have been loofe 
 and obfcene for Pett us Crinitus, whom the learned 
 Dr. Be fy falfly imagines to be the ingenious Dr. 
 Ha e, fays in his Life of Horace, Moribus dicitur 
 fuij/e fubobfctenis ff ad bilem excitatior } that is, lewi 
 and cbolerick Augttftus calls him Homuncionem /epi~ 
 dijfimum j that is, a comical, little, laughing Fellow f 
 and a great Lover of Bawdry ; which appears from 
 many of his Erodes, particularly that to his Miftrefs 
 Ne&ra, which he made no Scruple of tinging, before 
 Women of the firft Qiiality. It begins thus. 
 
 Nox erat, & c&lo fulgebat Lunafereno. 
 
 Which, tranflated by a modern Poet, is as fol- 
 lows, 
 
 Go to Joan Glover, 
 And tell her I love her, 
 And by the Light of the Moon Til come and Jbove btr 
 
 That Horace was patjimonious, not to fay, fordidly 
 twetous, is plain from many of his own Writings 
 as for Inftance, where he invites Meexnas to fup with 
 him, who was both_/fr/? Minifter, and his particular 
 Patron. He plainly teDs him that he mail have no- 
 thing but bad Wine, and Cabbage, and in little Glaf- 
 fes ; and that he had taken Care of the Wine himfelf i 
 from which appears too that he kept no Servant. 
 
 Vile pot abis modicii Sabinum 
 Cantbaris, Gneca quod ego if/a fejit 
 Conditum levi- 
 
 He kept the Key of his Cellar himfelf, and h 
 Wine, till in all Probability, it was four. 
 
 D 3 ft
 
 42 fhe CRAFTSMAN. N 7. 
 
 Eli mibi nonum Superantis annum 
 Plenus a ! bani cadus. 
 
 Thus much as to his perfonaJ Qualities, and pri- 
 vate Life. As for the Figure he made in Publick, it 
 appears that, though he fet out but low, he grew al- 
 moll at once very confiderable ; his firft Appearance 
 being under Brutus ; where we find him Tribunus 
 Militum ; in the Tranflation of which the Learned 
 differ ; but I think it anAvers beft to what we call, 
 Exempt of the Beef-Eaters. He left his Poft but 
 oddly, as may be collected from the following Ex- 
 preffion, relifta non bene Parmula. Madam Dacier 
 informs us, that he was S 'crib a queftorius, which fhe 
 calls Secretaire de TEpargne, and may properly e- 
 nough be rendered Secretary of the Treafury. After 
 this, djiaius Polllo aflures us, that he was fent Am- 
 feaffador to Gaul, Legaius apud Gallos mij/us fvit, 
 3VIan-fio & Daiio Co/. 
 
 When he had made fome Stay, and Figure in that 
 Court, Quittillian obferves of him, in his tenth 
 Book and firft Chap, that he began to grow fomewhat 
 tleaner zxAjprucer, and that he applied himfelf to the 
 Knowledge of Men and Manners ; Multo eft terfior 
 AC purus ffiagh Horatius ff ad nvtandos bominum mores 
 prtecipuus. It was probably during this Stay of his* 
 jn Gaul, that the Secretaries of State fent to him to 
 return with all fpeed, upon Affairs of the utmoft 
 Confequence to the Publick. 
 
 De Re communi Scribe? , magna atyie nova Te 
 Qrabant hodie numinijjei, Quinte, reverti* 
 
 There feems at this Time to have been fome De- 
 fijgn of making, him Secretary of State, from that no- 
 ted Paflage in a L.etter from Auguftus to Mec&nas y 
 Yeniet. igitur & nj>s- in fcribendis Epiftcli* adjuvabit > 
 but he never attained to this Employment, which 
 M- imputed to his extreme Modefty. 
 
 Thefe
 
 CRAFTS MAN. 43 
 
 Thefe are the moft remarkable Paffages I can re- 
 colled of that moft elegant Oration, pronounced on 
 WednefJay laft by Mr. Henly. His Aftion, which De- 
 moftbenes fays is the chief Part of an Orator, was 
 extremely juft and proper, and added a Grace and 
 Dignity to all he utter'd. Such was the Modulation 
 of his Voice, that it inchanted our Ears, and feem'd 
 more like Mufick than Speaking !< How laudable is it 
 to fee Mr. Henly chufing to employ his Talents in 
 Praifes and Commendations of the great Men of An- 
 tiquity, rather than meanly {looping to flatter Thofe 
 of the prefent Age ; but though he will not flatter 
 them, he fcorns (however provok'd) to attack them 
 by any indirecl or oblique Strokes of Satire, as moft 
 evidently appears by the foregoing Difcourfe., 
 
 The Application of Paflages of the Roman Story 
 to our Times is become fo common and trite a Way 
 of fatirizing the Perfons of the prefent Age, that no 
 Man, who has a tolerable Genius, or the leaft Inven- 
 tion of his -own, wilL condescend to do it. How 
 eafy is it to turn over Tttlly, Tacitus, or Livy, and 
 when you have found a good ftrong Sentence or two 
 upon Corruption, to infert it in any Paper ? The 
 Author need never be at the Trouble to make 
 the Application. Every Child in the Street knows 
 well enough upon whom to fix it. I mould be glad 
 therefore if what I have faid would put an End t fuch 
 pitiful Ribaldry; and -if I can perfuade Thofe, who 
 have Talents, to give great Men their Deferts, as 
 Mr. Henly has. now done, I mail have gained my 
 End. C. 
 
 / am, 5 I R, &c.
 
 44 ffo CRAFTSMAN. N 8. 
 
 N 8. Friday^ December 30. 
 
 To CALEB D'ANVERS, Efp 
 
 invidgamus altius ftantlbus. >u<eexcelfa 
 lidebantitr preeruptafunt. Illi rurfus, ques 
 ' Son iniqua in Ancipiti pofuit, tutieres erunt fuperbi- 
 
 * am detrabendo rebus perfefuperbis & fortunamfuam, 
 
 * quam maxime poterunt, in planum deferendo. Multi 
 
 * quidem fttnt, quibus neceflaiio bar en dam Jit infafti- 
 
 * gio fuo ', ex quo von pojjunt niji cadendo defcendere. 
 
 * Sed hoc ipfum teftentur, maximum onus fuum ejfc, quod 
 ' aliis grave v ejfe cogantitr ; nee fublevatosy^, fed fuf- 
 
 * fixos. JuJHtia, manfueti d 'us, bumana lege, iff be- 
 * nigna manu, prceparent mult a adfequiores tafus pr/e- 
 
 * Jidia, quorum fpe fecurius pendeant. Nibil tamen 
 ' teque bos, ab bis animi jluftibus, vindicaverit, quam 
 
 * femper a! > quern incrementis terminum figere i nee for- 
 
 * tunte arbitrium definendi dare, Jed feipfos, multo qui- 
 
 * dem citra extrema, bortentur (onjiftere. 
 
 Sen. de Tran. Animi. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 THIS Paflage dcferves a Place at the Headi 
 of one of your Papers ; fince there is 
 hardly any Thing to be found among the Antients 
 or the Moderns more proper to be recommended 
 to the ferious Confederation of all State Craftfmen > 
 and fmce, of all Craftfmen, Thefe appear to me to 
 ftand moft in need of your friendly Affiftance. Men: 
 are generally apply'd to other Bufmefs, according- 
 to their Talents ; and if they do not excel in their 
 Profeffions, they do not thrive in them. But the 
 Cafe is very often not the fame amongft Thofe, wh(* 
 
 govern
 
 N 8. fhe CRAFTSMAN. 45 
 
 govern the great Affairs of the World. Secretaries of- 
 ten want to be taught to write ', Presidents tofpeak > 
 and Miniflers, intrufted with the Management of the 
 Publick Revenue, to forbear plundering and ftock- 
 Jobbing. 
 
 Our prffent Min'fjfers indeed are happily chofen ; 
 and the wonderful Suaefs of their Adminiftration 
 is a fufficient Proof of their Ability. But, Mr. 
 D" 1 drivers, your Cares are not confined to the pre- 
 fent Age. You look forward to Poflerity, and are 
 folicitous even for the Good of future Generations. 
 Your candid Readers will, no doubt, apply what falls 
 from your Pen in a right Manner, and will do you the 
 Juftice to believe, that whenever you chaftife the Vi- 
 ces, or expofe the Follies of Minifters in general, you 
 intend a Lefibn to Minifters, yet unborn. No one 
 can fuppofe, that you defign to afperfe the untainted 
 Characters, or to inform the confummate Wifdom of 
 Thofe, who govern us at this Time ; for whofe Ser- 
 vice it is evident to the moft common Underftandings 
 that your Papers are intended. 
 
 I have aim'd, it muft be confefs'd, at the Rank of 
 an Author ; but finding myfelf unable to fuftain fo 
 great a Character, I have, wifely enough, reduced my 
 Ambition into more narrow Bounds, and profefs my- 
 felf an humble H nter. Happy would it be for Man- 
 kind, Mr. D^Anvers, if every Body copied, at leaft 
 in this Inftance, after my Example ; or if Thofe, who 
 have the Power of doing it, proportion'd the Parts 
 they affign to the Talents they difcover. What a 
 mifting of Parts ; what a Change in the Scene would 
 immediately follow ? How low would fome Men fall ? 
 How high would others rife ? Robin would decline 
 fitting in your Coach Box ; or you would force him to 
 get up behind. Let my Modefty, Sir, befpeak your 
 Favour to me ; and be aflured that I will attend and 
 ferve you, in the Duty of my Profeffion, with Indu- 
 ftry and Fidelity, if you make fuch an Ufe of my firft 
 
 Endea-
 
 45 37?^ CRAFTSMAN. N 8. 
 
 Endeavours, as I have Reafon to expeft, from that 
 flow of Style; from that good Senfe ; and from that 
 true Spirit, which appear in Your Papers. 
 
 I fancy you will obferve that Thofe, who are in the 
 Jirjf Clafs, mention'd by Seneca, never fail of being in 
 ihtfecond -, for a great Elevation is always expcfed to 
 great Danger, and therefore to great Anxiety. You 
 will fhew, perhaps, how little fuch Men regard the 
 wife Advice of the Tutor of Nero ; or, to give our 
 Stoick a more honourable Title, of the Companion and 
 Friend of Btirrbui ; for I dare not call him the Cor- 
 refpondent of St. Paul. You will laugh, no doubt, 
 at the Parade they make of That, which they ought to 
 conceal ; at the filly Pains they take, in exciting their 
 Power, or fpending their Riches, to encreafe the In- 
 dignation, which Mankind juftly conceive at the Man- 
 ner, by which they acquired both one and the ether. 
 
 To illuftrate thefe Truths, I would have you, for 
 fome Reafons, defcend no lower than Cardinal Wol- 
 fey. This fancy Minijier, who, by the way, could 
 never get rid of the fcoundrel Habits of a low Educa- 
 tion, had fome Knowledge, more Wit, and much 
 more Impudence* The Fortune he made was equally 
 exorbitant and rapid. The Ufe he made of this For- 
 tune was extravagant and oftentatious to the higheft 
 Degree. He feem'd induftrious to erect Trophies of 
 his Folly, and to furnifh Proofs of his Rapine where- 
 ever he went. He adorn'd Villas. He built Palaces ; 
 and his Train out-fhone his Mafters fo much, that 
 when he retir'd into the Country, on a Party of 
 Pleafure, the Court became defart. TLvenforeign Mi- 
 nifters attended on him, and found their Account in 
 it ; for he had ever fome Intereft feparate from that 
 of his Country. He was zealous for the Emperor ; 
 zealous for France ; and zealous for the Court of Rome, 
 in their Turns ; and, notwithstanding his Parts, he 
 was the Bubble of them all 
 
 This
 
 N 3. Vbe CRAFTSMAN. 47 
 
 This little Sketch of Cardinal Wolfejs Fortune de- 
 fcribes a Man placed in that elevated State, which is 
 the laft of the three mentioned by Seneca ; and from 
 whence no Man can defcend without falling. Thefe 
 Falls might be foften'd indeed ; and the Means of do- 
 ing it are finely touched in the Latin Author. They 
 will, I doubt not, be as delicately and as ftrongly ex- 
 prefled in your Englijb. But the giddy Creatures do 
 the very reverfe. Inftead of {topping, when their 
 Heads begin to turn, they try to clamber ftill higher ; 
 and every Step they take for Security, enhances their 
 Guilt, and precipitates their Ruin. Unworthy of 
 Love or Efteem, they have recourfe to the two fole 
 Expedients, which remain, Fear and Corruption. By 
 one they exafperate Mankind ; and whilft they render 
 their Enemies more cautious, they render them more 
 dangerous* By the ether they aflemble a Number of 
 falfe Friends, who encumber their Profperity, and af- 
 ford them no Support in the great and terrible Day of 
 Adverfity. I begin to warm myfeif, and am in dan- 
 ger of fwelling this Letter up to the Size of a two- 
 penny Half-Sheet ; which being abfolutely forbidden, 
 by one of the fundamental Rules of our Profeffion, I 
 take my Leave of you till next Week, and am, dear 
 Mr D\4nvers, C 
 
 Tour faithful, humble Servant, 
 Dec. 26. 
 1726. JACK HINTER. 
 
 I AM very much obliged to the Writer of this ex- 
 cellent Letter, whofe Hints only are of more Im- 
 portance than the laborious unmeaning Difcourfes of 
 feveral Authors, or the tedious Harangues of fome 
 frothy Orators. I hope the Publick will excufe my 
 printing thofe undeferved Compliments on myfeif, 
 which nothing mould have prevailed on me to do, (as 
 common a Practice as it is amongft all my Brother- 
 Authors,} but my Unwillingnefs to fupprefs any 
 
 Thing,
 
 48 *Tbe CRAFTSMAN. N p. 
 
 Thing, which comes from fo valuable a Correfpon- 
 dent. Were I a young Man indeed, and fond of the 
 vain Reputation of an Author, fuch Commendations 
 would be apt to elate me too much with an Opinion 
 of my own Parts ; but there can be little Danger of 
 this in One, who does not write from any fuch Mo- 
 tives, but from a fincere Zeal for the Honour of his 
 King, and the Welfare of his Country ; which I can 
 affure this Gentleman are the fole Ends of my prefent 
 Undertaking ; and for that Reafon, I {hall be very 
 proud of his future Affiftance. 
 
 Grafs-Inn, 
 Dec. 26. 1726. CALEB D'ANVERS,. 
 
 N p. Monday ', January 2. 
 
 Prtffenti T I B I matures largimur bonores, 
 
 Jurandafque tuum per nomen ponimus aras, 
 
 Nil oriturum alias, nil ortum tale fatentes. HOR. 
 
 [HERE is nothing, in which the Ge- 
 nerality of Mankind are fo apt to be 
 miftaken, as in their Opinion of great 
 Men. They commonly judge by the 
 outfide ; and where they fee Power, 
 Riches, and Splendor, they haflily con- 
 clude, that there muft be great Parts and Abilities 
 in Proportion. As for Honefly, it is quite out of the 
 Queftion j for even the vulgar Herd know better than 
 to look for that Qualification in a modern great Man. 
 But moft Perfons, who have not been much conver- 
 fant in publick Affairs, entertain a better Opinion of 
 their Superiors than they generally deferve. They 
 
 imagine
 
 N p. fhe CRAFTSMAN. 4$ 
 
 imagine them, at leaft, to be Men of extraordinary 
 Capacities, whatever their moral Principles may be ; 
 and think it impoffible for any Perfon to fit long at 
 the Helm, and influence large Dominions, who is not 
 endowed with uncommon Sagacity, Penetration, Ex- 
 perience, and the moft extenfive Knowledge of all 
 dmeftick and foreign Affairs. 
 
 However requifite to fuch a Poft thefe Talents may 
 be, yet if we look round Europe, I believe we mail 
 find that too many great Men, in all Courts, are not 
 fully qualified in thefe refpeds. I am afraid it will 
 appear that feme owe their Grandeur to pimping, iii-i 
 forming, or the Intereft of a Court Miftrefs ; others 
 to the Weaknefs or Vices of a Prince, whom they 
 flatter and indulge in his Pleafures ; that/owe rife by- 
 doing dirty Jobs for a great Minifter, and fcreening 
 him, in diflrefs, from the Refentments of a People; 
 whom he has injured and provoked ; fame by the In- 
 fluence of over-grown Companies, or the Strength of 
 powerful Alliances ; nor fhall we want Inftances of 
 others, whofe Ignorance and Incapacity for publick 
 Bulinefs have been their only Recommendations. In 
 fhort, we fhall obferve, upon a ilrift Survey of the 
 Rife of great Men, that fometimes Chance, and fe- 
 veral unaccountable Accidents, as the Death or Fall 
 of great Competitors ; fometimes the Power, Caprice, 
 and Obftrnacy of a Faction, or the Indolence, Inacti- 
 vity, or bad Defigns of a Prince, are the chief In- 
 ftruments of their Advancement ; and we (hall fel- 
 do:n find it owing to thofe ufeful and valuable En- 
 dowments, which arc neceflary to conftitute a truly 
 great Man. 
 
 In thofe refined Ages, indeed, and in thofe Coun- 
 tries, where almoft every thing is managed by the 
 Force of Money, (as it was in the Court of France 
 during the laft War) there does not feeni to be that 
 Neceflity for great AcconiplS/hments, which there 
 was when the Fate of Europe depended on the ge- 
 E nuinfc
 
 50 'The CRAFSTMAN. N $>. 
 
 ruiine Strength and Vigour of national Conftitutions ; 
 Or on the Wifdom, Experience, and Sagacity of pub- 
 lick Minifters. For this Reafon, a Man might make 
 a great Figure in Politicks, at that Court, with half 
 the Abilities, which Walfingbam or Eurleigh could do 
 here in their Times, who thought fit to fteer their 
 Adminiftration by well-weighed Counfels and Inte- 
 grity, inftead of exorbitant Peniions and Bribes ; and 
 faved the Nation immenfe Sums of Money by the 
 Application of wife Heads in Conjunction with un- 
 (orrupt Hearts. 
 
 The Character ef a great Man was not to be ac- 
 quired, in thofe Times, by understanding the paltry 
 Bufinefs of a Money-Scrivener, or a Stock-jobber ; by 
 SL Skill in Ufury, Brokage, and the Tricks of Ex- 
 change-Alley ; or by colloguing with certain great 
 ^Bodies of Men, in order to defraud, bubble, and 
 beggar the relt of the Nation ; not by fuborning 
 falfe Judgment, and hiring Men to proftitute their 
 Confciences for fordid Lucre. Neither was it, in 
 thofe Times, thought to confift wholly in the Flow- 
 ers of Rbetorick, and a certain Knack of Haranguing 
 inpublick; efpecially in ftudying the Foibles of Man- 
 kind, and applying to tbofe Parts, which are always 
 moft open to Deception. I do not mention This, 
 from any Contempt of that excellent Endowment ; 
 or to derogate, in the leaft, from Thofe, who are 
 happily poffeffed of it ; but only to Ihevv that Ora- 
 tory and Elocution are not abfolutely neceflary to the 
 Character of a great Man ; much lefs that they are 
 the only Qualifications requiiite to form a Prime Mi- 
 tiijler i who, inftead of poffeffing thefe Quack En- 
 dowments, ought to be a Man of great Knowledge, 
 Depth, and Penetration in publick Affairs. He fliould 
 be perfectly acquainted with the political State, not 
 Only of his own Country, but likewife of all Europe* 
 tvith the Intereft, Projects, and Views of foreign 
 Courts ; with the Arts of Peace and War ; with a 
 
 deep
 
 N 5>. fhe CRAFTSMAN. 51 
 
 deap and mallerly Comprehenfion of Schemes', 
 Treaties, and Negotiations ; a piercing Forefight in- 
 to future Events, and a folid Judgment of prefent 
 Occurrences ', and, to crown all, with a cool delibe- 
 rating Head, and a fledfaft, unfhaken Refolution, to 
 aft, upon all Occafions, as it fliall feem to be moft 
 for his Mailer's Service, and the Intereft and Honour 
 of his native Country. 
 
 I could wifh that all Men in Fewer and Favour, 
 or Thofe, who are in the way of being fo, would 
 give themfelves the Trouble of reading a Letter, 
 fuppofed to be written by Sir Francis Bacon to Sir 
 George Pillars, Duke of Buckingham, at that Time 
 the great Favourite of King James I. in which they 
 will find fome excellent Diredtions for the Behaviour 
 of Perfons in that high Condition, delivered with 
 fuch a noble Spirit of Freedom, Boldnefs, and Sim- 
 plicity, as became the Pen of that excellent Perfon. 
 This Letter may be feen in a Book, call'd Cabala* 
 and is well worth every Man's Perufal ; but if be~- 
 ing, at prefent, grown pretty fcarce, I will antici- 
 pate the Reader's Pleafure with fome remarkable 
 Extracts out of it. 
 
 He begins with an Apology for undertaking fucrr 
 a Task ; by affuring him that he is no Courtier* no'r 
 verfed in State Matters ; and, indeed, his Advice 
 feem5 very extraordinary, at this Diftance, to a Mart 
 ia fnch a Station ; for, through the whole Courfe df 
 his Letter, Hs recommends Perfons of Ability, Know- 
 ledge, and Integrity to his particular Notice and Di- 
 ftindlion, as iheftteft Perfons to fill up all the great 
 Offices of the Kingdom. He forewarns him to avoid 
 Flattery himfelf, and to difcountenance it in others ; 
 talks of Juftice, Learning, and Merit with a very 
 high Air ; and feems to conclude, that the Good of 
 bis Country, and the true Intercft of his Prince ought 
 to be the principal Views of every great Man'* 
 which, as romantick as they may feem, were not 
 E 2 alto-
 
 ja The CRAFTSMAN. N9^ 
 
 altogether unfafhionable Topicks in the good old Days 
 of Queen Elizabeth ; a Reign, which our Author 
 prefumes to lay down as a Pattern to all fucceeding 
 Princes. 
 
 He begins with the CHURCH in this man- 
 ner. " The Arckbifljops and Bijhops, next under 
 the King, have the Government of the Church 
 and ecclefuftical Affairs. Be not Tcu the Mean to 
 prefer any to thofe Places for any By-refpefis ; but 
 only for their Learning, Gravity, and Worth. Their 
 Lives and Dcfiri?ies ought to be exemplary. 
 " You will, fays be, be often foliicited, and per- 
 haps importuned to prefer Scholars to Church- 
 Livings. You may further your Friends in that 
 Way, cteteris paribus* Otherwife, remember, I 
 pray, that Thefe are not Places merely of Favour' 
 The Charge of Souls lies upon them ; the greater! 
 Account whereof will be required at their own: 
 Hands > but They will mare deeply in their Faults, 
 " who are the Infiruments of their Preferments." 
 
 He next proceeds to the LAW; of which he 
 fpeaks thus. " Let the Rule of Juftice be the Laws 
 * l of the Land j an impartial Arbiter between the 
 " King and his People, and between one Subject and 
 *' another." Again, 
 
 " As far as it may lie in you, let no arbitrary 
 " Power be intruded. The People of this Kingdom 
 " love the Laws thereof ; and nothing will oblige 
 " them more, than a Confidence of the free enjoying 
 ' of them. What the Nobles, upon an Occafion, 
 once faid in Parliament, nrfumus leges Anglic mu~ 
 " tart, is imprinted in the Hearts of all the People." 
 He goes on thus. 
 
 " But becaufe the Life of the Lav/s lies in the due 
 " Execution and Ad.Tjiniiiration of them, let your 
 " Eye be, in thefiril place, upon the Choke of good 
 " Judges. Thefe Properties had They need to be 
 furnifhed with ;. to be learned, in their Profeffion ;
 
 N p. &bt CRAFTSMAN. 53, 
 
 " patient in hearing ; prudent in governing ; power-- 
 " ful in their Elocution to perfuade and fatisfy both- 
 " the Parties and Hearers ; jyft in their Judgment r 
 " and, to fum up all, They muft have three Attri- 
 ' butes ; they muft be Men of Courage, fearing God 
 " and hating Covet oufnefs. An ignorant Man can* 
 " not,, a Coward dares not be a good Judge. 
 
 " By no means, fn^s be, be you perfuaded to inter- 
 " pofe yourfelf, either by Word or Letter, in any 
 ' Caufe depending, or like to be depending in any 
 " Court of Juftice ; nor fuffer any other great Mait 
 "to do it, where you can hinder it ; and by all 
 4t means difTwade the King himfelf from it, upon the 
 " Importunity of any, for Themfelves, or their 
 " Friends. If it mould prevail, it perverts Juftice. 
 " If the Judge be fo juft, and of fuch Courage (as he 
 " ought to be) as not to be inclined thereby ; yet it 
 " always leaves a Taint of Sufpicion behind it. 
 <{ Judges muft be as chafte as Ctefar-'s Wife, neither 
 " to be, nor to be fufpefted to be, unjuft ; and, Sin 
 " the Honour of the Judges, in their Judicature, is 
 ' the King's Honour, whofe Perfon they reprefent." 
 
 Concerning PARLIAMENTS he fpeaks thus. " The 
 true Ufe of Parliaments, in this Kingdom, is very 
 " excellent ; and they ftiould be often called, as A- 
 " fairs of the Kingdom ihall require ; and continr ^ as 
 " long as is neceffiiry, and no longer ; for then, they 
 M will be but Burtbsns to the People, by reafon of 
 ." the PRIVILEGES, juftly due to the Members of the 
 " Two Houfes and their Attendants; which their 
 " juft Rights and Privileges are religioufly to be ob- 
 " ferved and maintained." 
 
 He goes on thus. " For the great Offices and O/V 
 " fcers of the Kingdom, I fhall lay little Only, in 
 " the general, 1 advife This. Let them ,be fet in 
 " tbofe Places, for which they are probably the moft. 
 -fit. 
 
 As to EMBASSIES,, fays be, '' I will tell you 
 "B 3
 
 54 *ke CRAFTSMAN". N p- 
 
 f what was the Cuftom in the happy Days of Queen 
 ' Elizabeth ; whom, it will be no Difreputation to 
 
 follow. She did vary, according to the Nature of 
 
 the Employment, the Quality of the Perfons fhe 
 
 employed ; which is a good Rule to go by. 
 
 " If it was an Emba/y of Gratulation or Ceremony, 
 " choice was made of fome noble Per fan, eminent in 
 " Place, and able in Purfe ; and he would take it as 
 ' a Mark of Favour, and difcharge it without any 
 " great Burthen to the Queen's Coffers, for his own 
 ' Honours Sake. 
 
 " But if it were an Embajfy of Weight, concern- 
 *' ing Affairs of STATE, choice was made of fome 
 " fad Perfon, of known Judgment, Wifdom, and Ex- 
 *' perience ; and not of a young Man, nor wajed in 
 " State-Matters, nor of a meer formal Man, whatfo- 
 ever his Title or Outftde were. 
 
 *' If Legier AMBASSADORS or AGENTS were fent 
 '* to remain in or near the Courts of thofe Princes 
 *' or States, (as it was ever held fit to obferve the 
 " Motions, and to hold Correfpondency with them 
 f< upon all Occafions,) fuch were made choice of as 
 *' were prefumed to be vigilant, i;iduftrious t and 
 " dij'creet ; and had the Language (and, I lelieve, I 
 " may add, cwld adapt themf elves to /^MANNERS) 
 ' of the Places whither they were fent." 
 
 Concerning WAR, he declares himfelf in this 
 manner. " Wars are either foreign or ci-v.l- For the 
 " foreign War by the King upon fome neighbouring 
 " Nation, I hope we are Jecure- The King, in his 
 " pious and juft Difpofition, is not inclinable there- 
 *' unto. His Empire is long enough, bounded with 
 " the Ocean ; as if the very Situation thereof had 
 " taught the King and People to fet up their Rcjts, 
 " and fay, ne plus ultra" 
 
 On-.a.V/7 War, or Rebellion, and the Suppreffion 
 of them, he makes this Obiervation. " If God /hall 
 " blefs thefe Endeavours, and the King return to his 
 
 " own
 
 N 10. Tloe C R A F T S M A N. 5 
 
 " own Houfe in Peace, when a civil War fhall be at 
 " an end ; Thofe, who have been found faithful in 
 ' the Land, rauft be regarded ; yea, and rewarded 
 " alfo ; the traiterous or treacherous, who have mijled 
 " others, feverely punifhed ; and the Neutrals, or 
 ' falfe-hearted Friends and Followers, who have ftar- 
 * ted afide,/ like a broken Bow, be noted carbone ni- 
 
 " g"" 
 
 He concludes thus. " I have but one Thing more 
 " to mind you of. You ferve a great and gracious 
 *' Mailer ; and there is a moft hopeful young Prince, 
 *' whom you muft not defert. It behoves you to 
 ** carry yourfelf wifely and evenly between them 
 " both. Adore not fo the rijing Sow, that you for- 
 *' get the Father, who raifed you to this Height ; 
 " nor be you fo obfequious to the Father^ that you> 
 *' give juft Caufe to the Son to fufpeft that you neg- 
 " lea him." D. 
 
 N 10. Friday, January 6. 
 
 Et tenuit nijlras numerofus HORATIUS aures- Ovid. 
 
 SHALL always have the greateft Re- 
 fpeft for the Family of the SHALLOWS, 
 whom I have Reafbn to look upon as- 
 rifing Men ', feveral of them having al- 
 ready diftifiguilhed themfelves as the 
 greateft Ornaments and Supports of their 
 Country, both in Church and Sta te For this Rea- 
 fon I cannot poftpone the following Letter ; efpeci*., 
 ally fince I am refolved to preferve the utmoft Impar- 
 tiality in this Undertaking, and was unwarily impofed 
 en by a former Letter, which I am inclined to believe, 
 
 upon
 
 $6 tfhe CRAFTSMAN. N 10^ 
 
 upon maturer Thoughts, to be very disingenuous, and 
 heartily wifh that it had not obtained a Place in this 
 Paper ; but I hope the learned Divine, who may be 
 prejudiced by it, will accept of this Apology, and 
 have the Candour to excufe the Inadvertency of an 
 old Man, who is ready to make him all the Repara- 
 tion in his Power, by publifhing the following Let- 
 ter in his Defence. 
 
 70 CALEB D' A N v E R s, Efy; 
 
 SIR, 
 
 AS you have publifhed a Letter containing fbme 
 Account of the Life of HORACE, faid to be 
 delivered by the famous Mr. Henly, in his academi- 
 cal Oration on Wednefday the 2ift of laft Month, I 
 hope you will pay the fame Regard to This, which 
 comes from one of his conflant Hearers, and is de- 
 fign'd to vindicate our modern Orator from the Impu- 
 tation of feveral PafTages, which feem very injurious 
 to his Chandler, as well as to the 'Memory of that 
 antient Poet. 
 
 Your Correfpondent begins with a juft Commen- 
 dation of that ingenious Divine ; whofe Inftitution he 
 allows to be an ufeful Undertaking ; but from the 
 Manner, in which he has reprefented that learned 
 Entertainment, I cannot help concluding, and muft 
 take the Freedom to declare, that either the Letter- 
 writer entirely mifunderftood Mr. Henly, or that he 
 had fome fecret ill Intention of prejudicing the Town 
 againft his Orations. 
 
 This Writer, in his Character of HORACE, ob- 
 ferves that he calls himfelf Epicuri de grege Porcum, 
 i. e. literally tranflated, a Szvine of Epicurus^ Herd ; 
 from whence he makes Mr. Henly infer, that He 
 was fomewhat fat, and very dirty ; whereas This i 
 only a metaphorical Expreflion ; and in -the Ufe of 
 Metaphors an Author is not obliged to include all 
 
 tie
 
 N 10. T'he CRAFTSMAN. 57 
 
 the Properties of the Thing, from whence he takes 
 it ; as it would be eafy to prove from numberlefs In- 
 ftances out of the beft Writers, antient and modern. 
 That Horace was fat, we have his own Word, and 
 the Confirmation of feveral Writers ; but that he was 
 dirty, is not any where confeffed by Himfelf, nor 
 charged againft him by others; nor did Mr. Henly 
 mention any fuch thing. This Expreffion therefore 
 ought to be underftood fo, as to denote the Fat fiefs 
 only, and not the Filtbinefs of the Swine. 
 
 The Charge of Horace's Dirtinefs is farther urged 
 from thisPaffage. 
 
 Ojfendar Maculis 
 
 Non ego panels 
 
 which every School-boy knows to be alfo a metapho- 
 rical Expreffion ; and that it alludes to Inaccuracies 
 of Stile and not to any Want of Delicacy in Drefs', 
 yet your Correfpondent makes Mr. Henly affirm^ 
 that frtm thefe two PaJ/ages it is manifeft that 
 Horace was little better than a Sloven ; whereas I 
 muft infill on it that he faid no fuch thing; as in- 
 deed he feems to have no Manner of Foundation to 
 do; finceia the Line immediately befoie That, quoted 
 to prove him a Sloven, he defcribes himfelf in the 
 Figure of a BEAU. 
 
 Me pinguem & nitidum, bene curata cute, vifes. 
 
 I am ready to grant that Horace's Fortune wa: 
 originally very fmall ; and that he had increafed it 
 considerably, as Mr. Htnlj obferved and proved, 
 not only from the Paflage quoted by this Writer, bur 
 alfo from the following one. 
 
 ^ " natum & in tenui Re 
 
 Major es pennas nido extending loqueris.
 
 58 <?he CRAFTSMAN. N 10, 
 
 Thi my paternal Eftate was very inconfiderable, yet 
 by a laudable Ambition I have made very great 
 Additions to it. 
 
 But Mr. Henly did HORACE the JuHice to ob- 
 ferve, that what he wanted by Inheritance, he made 
 up in Virtue. 
 
 Ut quantum generl dema-s, virtutibus addas. 
 
 which this Letter-writer has, I am afraid, purfofefy 
 omitted. 
 
 I muft likewife agree with him, that Horace was 
 very cholcrick, as he acknowledges himfelf; but with 
 this Alleviation, that he was eafy to be reconciled; 
 of which likewife your Correfpondent takes no Notice. 
 
 Irafci celerem* tamen ut placabilis ejfem-. 
 
 But I am perfectly aftonifhcd at this Writer's Af- 
 fertion, that Horace married a Woman of Lomb&rdy ; 
 which he fathers upon the learned Heinjlus and Mr. 
 Henly, neither of whom, to my certain Knowledge, 
 ever aflerted any fuch thing ; nor does Horace him- 
 felf, as free as he is in relating all the other Particu- 
 lars of his Life, take the leaft Notice of this Ch-cum- 
 fiance. 
 
 I cannot undertake to vindicate his Morals ; which, 
 from many of his Writings, appear to be lewd and 
 obfcene. It is very probable, as your Correfpondent 
 obferves, that he ufed to divert Perfons of Diftinftion, 
 now and then, with inditing and finging fmutty 
 Catches ; but I'll be anfwerable for his good Senfe 
 fo far as to declare, that if he were to live in England, 
 and fee his fine Ode to Ne<era fet to the wretched 
 Tune of Joan Glover, he would not offer to enter- 
 tain any Perfons of Fafhion, efpecially Ladies- of the 
 
 frjl
 
 N 10. The CRAFTSMAN. 59 
 
 frfl Quality, with fuch bare -faced and Jlupid Ri- 
 baldry. 
 
 The next Charge againfl him, of being covetous, 
 feems to be equally unjuft ; for, if we may take his 
 own Word for it, as I am willing to do, he plainly 
 infinuates the contrary, where he fays, 
 
 Si neque Avaritiam neque Sordes, ac mala Juflra 
 Objiciet vere quifquam mibi 
 
 If no Man can juftly tax vie with Avarice, and a 
 fordid, niggardly Spirit, &c. 
 
 Mr. Henty took Notice of This, and obferved, that 
 his Invitation of Meceenas to a poor Supper ( which 
 is the only Proof this Author brings for Horaces Co- 
 vetoufnefi ) is only an Inftance of his great Modejiy ; 
 and, as that learned Orator remarked, he had him- 
 felf often met with an elegant Entertainment, where 
 he was invited only to a Piece of Mutton. 
 
 Having given this Account of Horaces private 
 Life, he proceeds to the Figure, which he made in 
 Publick ; and tells us, that his nrft Appearance was 
 under Brutus, in the Character of Tribunus Militum ; 
 which the Letter-writer, in a moil unaccountable 
 Manner, tranflates, Exempt of the Beef-Eaters ; an 
 Order of Soldiery, which was never known in the 
 Roman Commonwealth, nor in any other Nation, I 
 believe, unlefs in our own happy Country of Great 
 Britain. 
 
 The next Poft, fays he, that Horace enjoyed, was 
 Scriba Qiteftorius ; called by Madam Dacier, Secre- 
 taire de r Epargne', which, ftriflly tranfl.ited, is Se- 
 cretary of THRIFT and FRUGALITY; but it is by 
 this Author unhappily rendered Secretary cftbeTv.^^- 
 SURY ; between which, I prefume, there is fome 
 Difference in moil Countries. 
 
 After
 
 60 The CRAFTS MAN. Nio. 
 
 After this, fays he, djinius Pollio aflures us, that 
 he was fent AmbafTador to GauL 
 
 Legatus apud Gallos mijjus fuit, Man-lio & Daiio 
 Confulibus. 
 
 I wifh the Letter- writer had been pleafed to ac- 
 quaint us where he difcovered any of AJinius Pollios 
 Writings ; which are generally fuppofed to have 
 been long lince extindl. Neither do I remember, in 
 all my reading, to have met with the leaft Mention 
 of Horaces being fent AmbafTador to Gaul ; nor can 
 I find, upon the ftrifteft Examination of the Fafti 
 Confulares, any fuch Cartful/hip as that of Man- It us & 
 Daiius. 
 
 He goes on to tell us that, daring his Stay at this 
 Court, he grew fomewhat cleaner and fprucer, and 
 apply'd himfelf to the Knowledge of Men and Man- 
 ners ; to which End, he has wrefted a Paffage in 
 Shiintilian ; which, in the Original, is as little to his 
 Purpoie as any of thofe before- mentioned. 
 
 He concludes this extraordinary Account with tel- 
 ling us that, about this Time, there feems to have 
 been fome Defign of making him Secretary of Stale ; 
 but that he never attained to this Employment, 
 which is imputed to his extreme MoJefty ', whereas, I 
 believe your Correfpondent is the only Perfon that 
 ever heard of any fuch Defign , and I have fo great 
 an Opinion of Horace's Modejly, that I am perfuaded 
 he could never be guilty of fo ridiculous an Ambi- 
 tion ; for he feems, through his whole Works, to be 
 fully fatisfied with the Honour of being admitted in- 
 to the Favour and Converfation of Jugajlui and his 
 chief Favciirites, whom he ufed to divert with his 
 inimitable Wit and Pleafaniry ; being, as this Author 
 juflly.obferves, a very comical, little, laughing Fellow ', 
 but he knew his own Intereft better, than to hazard 
 the Lofs of their good Opinion, and become the JePr 
 
 2 Of
 
 N 10. fbe CRAFTSMAN. $i 
 
 of the whole Court, by afpiring to an Employment, 
 for which he knew htmfelf to he utterly ^unqualified- 
 
 I hope, Sir, that thefe few Remarks will convince 
 you how much this Letter-writer has injured our cele- 
 brated Orator by fuch an unjuft Reprefentation of his 
 ingenious Entertainment ; which muft be owing either 
 to his Inattention, or an unfriendly Defign of difcre- 
 diting that ufeful Inftitution, notwithstanding his fair 
 Profeffions to the contrary ; for I cannot potfibly im- 
 pute it to any other Caufe. I am, Sir, 
 
 Tour bumble Servant, 
 AT. TIM. SHALLOW. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Invented and made 'only by Solomon Porch, at the 
 'Sign of the great Chair in Weftminfter, the true po- 
 litical Perfpeftive, which encreafes or diminijhes any 
 Qbjeft at pleafure^ 'This Ir.Jlrument, it is hoped, may 
 be of great Service in all publick Affairs ; it beinr 
 made large enough for fever al hundred P erf ins to look 
 through at once. By turning one End of it, Dangers 
 may be magnified and feen imminent- By turning tbt 
 other, Debts may be lejfened and removed ta a greater 
 Diftance. It is very ufeful at Sea, to discover Inva- 
 fions before they are intended ; and by its multiplying 
 Quality, can, if thought necejfary, make two or three 
 fmall Ships appear like a large Fleet. Where Spectacles 
 may be alfo had for the true reading any Treaty, Me.- 
 moml, Foreign er Englifh News, or any other publick 
 Paper whatfoever. . ..' 
 
 Bfware of Pretenders, for fuch are abroad- 
 
 Monday,
 
 The CRAFTSMAN. Nn. 
 
 N ii. Monday^ January 
 
 Critninibus debent Hortos, Prsetoria, Menfas, 
 jlrgenttim Fetus, & Jlantem extra Pocula Caprum. 
 
 Juv- 
 
 CALEB I)' A N v E R s, Efqi 
 
 HOUGH the Refleftions of one of 
 your Correfpondents, who fubfcribes 
 himfelf Mercator, on fome Frauds late- 
 ly difcover'd at an EaJl-India Sale, are 
 very juft in the main ; yet I muft take 
 the Liberty to except againft an Infe- 
 rence or two, which he has drawn from them, and 
 Leg Leave to add fome farther Obfervations on that 
 Subjeft. 
 
 I am fully of this Gentleman's Opinion, *That the 
 utmoft Care ought to be taken that no Corruptions and 
 Abufes Jhffufd be admitted in'o Trading Companies ; 
 or, jtnce the bejl Precautions are often vain, that they 
 jhould never efcape with Impunity, when difccver'd. 
 How far the Cafe of Mr. Eccleftone may fall under 
 this Head, and his Practices be fubjeft to an Impu- 
 tation of Fraud, I fhall leave the World to determine, 
 from the Complaint of thofe Perfons, who are fup- 
 pofed to be injured by them, and the Proceedings of 
 the general Court of the E aft- India Company, as well 
 as from that Account, which has been made publick 
 in the Whitehall Evening Pjft ; together with your 
 Correfpondent's Obfervations upon it. 
 
 But
 
 N IT. fhe CRAFTSMAN. 63, 
 
 But I can by no means agree with this Gentleman, 
 that we are now obliged to Jappcfe Mr, Eccleftone en- 
 tirely innocent, from the Refolutions, which were taken 
 in that Aflembly; which ended only in an Adjourn- 
 ment of the Qiieftion, fine Die, whether he was guilty 
 or not ; to which peculiar Method of Proceeding they 
 were induced, no doubt, by very good Reafons ; for 
 had his Cafe been as clear, or his Defence as full, as 
 the Author of that Paper feems to reprefent it, the 
 Bufmefs of the Day would, in all Probability, have 
 concluded in an unanimous Vote of .his Innocence, in- 
 ftead of fuch an extraordinary Sufpenfion of their Judg- 
 ment ; which leaves the Affair of his Conduft totally 
 undecided, juft as they found it, when they firfl met 
 together. 
 
 Whether the Examination of this Matter is ever to 
 be refumed either by the fame 4/embly, or by fome 
 bigher Power, I cannot pretend to determine ; but I 
 will be free to declare, with your Correfpondcat, that 
 it is abfolutely necefTary, for the full Juftification of 
 the Company, as well as Mr. Ecdeflone, that a Point 
 of fuch Confequence to all fair Traders mould have 
 fome farther Enqniry made into it ; efpecully at tills 
 Junfture, when we feem to be in no fmall Danger of 
 being involved in an expenfive War, in order to fun- 
 port that particular Branch of Commerce. 
 
 The Reafons for this will ftill appear much Itronger, 
 if it be true ( as I have often heard it afferted ) that 
 Mr. Ecclejlone himfelf, in his Defence, as it is called, 
 did not pretend fully to juftify his own Conduct ; but, 
 on the contrary, feem'd to acknowledge that he had 
 been led by bad Precedents, together with rhe Frail- 
 ties and Infirmities of human Nature, into fome 
 Prafhces, which, upon ferious Reflection, he found 
 Reafon^to repent of; and that he had been unhap- 
 P cl^J f fome Mi ft*k" an <* Neglefl in the Dufy 
 f his Office, as well as the poor Wareboufe- Keeper ; 
 iu Extemwuoa of which, I am told, that he deW 
 $ 2 them
 
 64 tfhe CR A 5 T SM A K. N II, 
 
 to look back to his former Behaviour > and hoped, if 
 they had, at any Time, found him ufeiul to Trade, 
 or inftrumental in the Service of the Company, that 
 they would overlook this Mifcarriage and indulge 
 him for once, in the Frailties of his Nature. 
 
 I am very unwilling, on any Account, tb inter- 
 pofe myfelf between mih < tippy Men and Mercy ; efpe- 
 cidily fince we are informed, by a late Courant, that 
 fome Perfons concerned in the Management of the 
 Oftend Company, who are fubjeft, it feems, to the 
 fame Infirmities, and have been guilty of fuch kind 
 of M'- flakes and Neglefl in their Duty, have met with 
 the like Lenity ; tho' fuch Indulgences are inconlift- 
 cnt with the antient Politicks of thofe Countries ; 
 for Sir William Temple informs us, thai the gre.-it 
 Trade of tke Netherlands was formerly owing to no- 
 thing more than to tbe Exafttiffs of their Regulations, 
 and to tbe Severity of their Juftice againft every A- 
 bufe in it- And as to the Cafe of former Merit and 
 Services, the great Earl of Clarendon tells us, in his 
 Speech againft the corrupt Judges in King Charles the 
 FirJPs Reign, when he carried up an Impeachment a- 
 gainft them to the Houfe of Lords, that if they ap- 
 peared to their Lordjhipj under the Reputation of Pru- 
 dence and Integrity, in all Cafes, except Thefe pre- 
 fented to them, Their Lcrdjhips w.ufd be at leaft of tbe 
 'fame Opinion, that He of Laced semon was of the A- 
 thenians. If they carried themfehes well, when Time 
 was, and now ill, they deferve a double Punijhment ; 
 becaufe they are not good, as they were, and becaufe 
 they are evil, as they were net. 
 
 However, it is to be wifhed (and I hope not to be 
 cLubted) that whatever Lenity may be thought proper 
 to be ufed towards thefe unhappy Men, it will in no 
 manner impede the ftrifltft Enquiry into the Bottom 
 of this Affair, in order to prevent, for the future, the 
 like Infirmities, Miftakes, and Negleft ; and whenfo- 
 ever or wherefoever this fcafonable Enquiry fhall be 
 
 made,
 
 N II. fhe GRAF TS MAN. 
 
 made, 1 think it cannot be improper that the 
 
 ing Queries (which I have heard often put in private; 
 
 Converfation ) mould alfo be confidered, viz. 
 
 <. I. Whether the Governors and principal Perfons 
 in their Factories abroad do not generally raife 
 very great Eftates j which may fometimes be made 
 by divers unwarrantable Practices, and the Op- 
 preffion of the Merchants in thofe Countries, to 
 the Prejudice of the Intereft of their Mailers irt 
 England. 
 
 <^ II. Whether their Super -Cargoes to China * 
 (where the Company have no fettled Faftory} be- 
 ing invefled with a full Power to difpofe of the 
 whole Cargoes of their refpe&ive Ships, and lay 
 out the Produce of them in the Goods of the 
 Country, do not fometimes put off" great Quanti- 
 ties of Silver upon the Account of Tbemfelves and? 
 fome particular powerful Men, at double or treble 
 the Market Price, to the manifeft Damage of the 
 Company ; the Purchasers of fuch Silver rinding 
 their Recom pence in the Sale of their COUNTRY 
 Commodities, at the fame exorbitant Rates, for 
 the 1 Company's Ufe ? 
 
 .^. III. Whether their Captains and other Officers 
 do not frequently exceed their Indulgences, by 
 bringing home much greater Quantities of Goods, 
 than are allowed by the Regulations of the Com- 
 pany, to their own unjuft Advantage, and the ap-' 
 parent Detriment of the Proprietors ? 
 <. IV. Whether the above-mentioned Praftices, 
 and many more of the fame corrupt Nature, are 
 not fometimes well known to particular Direflors, 
 and by them connived at or encouraged for a Share 
 in the Plunder ? 
 
 4>. V. Whether, if all or any of thefe Pradices 
 ?.nd Corruptions are at any Time in Ufe, the Per- 
 fons guilty of them, or any of them, have not 
 F 3 thereby
 
 66 fbe CRAFT $ MAN. Nn. 
 
 thereby manifeftly broken their Oaths to the Com- 
 pany, and fhamefully violated the Truft repofed in 
 them ? 
 
 <^, VI. Whether the accidental Difcovery of fo 
 extraordinary a Fraud, as is faid to have been 
 made at a late Sile, ought not juftly to awaken the 
 Proprietors and Directors to a Sufpicion, that fome 
 others of their Officers and Servants may have 
 miftaken or neglcfted, if not manifeftly tranfgrefled, 
 their refpeftive Duties, befides this unhappy, poor 
 Man, whom they have lately found guilty of fome 
 natural Infirmities, and fufpended from his Office ? 
 And whether the ftricleft and moft publick I N- 
 QUIRY would not be proper at this Juncture, in 1 
 order to vindicate the Reputation of their inno- 
 cent Officers, by punifhing the Offences of the 
 Guilty ? 
 
 Give me Leave to conclude, Sir, with one of Sir 
 William Temple's Obfervations on Trade, from his 
 accurate Account of the united Provinces of the JVV- 
 tberlands before-mentioned. 
 
 " It is, fays he, no conftant Rule, that Trade 
 " makes Riches ; for there may be a Trade, which 
 " impoverijbes a Kingdom ; as it is not going often 
 " to Market that enriches the Country-Man ; but, 
 ' on the contrary, if every Time he comes there, 
 " he Ituys to a greater Value than he fells, he grows 
 " the poorer, the oftner he goes ; but the only and 
 " certain Scale of Riches arifing from Trade in a Na- 
 *' don, is the Proportion of what is exported, for 
 " the Confumption of Others, to what is imported 
 " for their own. 
 
 C- &> C I V I C U S, 
 
 I think
 
 N 1 1. The CRAFTSMAN. 67 
 
 I think myfelf highly obliged to the Author of 
 the foregoing Letter, and mult confefs that I have 
 myfelf frequently heard Complaints of the fame 
 Practices, mentioned in thefe Queries which feem, 
 at this Time, to deferve and demand the fevereft 
 Scrutiny. I have often been allured, that the Eajl- 
 India Company have feveral Government i in their Dif- 
 pofal, of much greater Value than any in his Majeily's 
 Gift ; not excepting even that greateft and moft 
 honourable of all, the LIEUTENANCY of IRELAND; 
 which we have the more Reafon to believe, becaufe 
 we have feen feveral Perfons return from thofe Em- 
 ployments, after a Stay of three or four Years only,, 
 laden with immenfe Wealth ; affcfting the Port and 
 Grandeur of Britijb Noblemen* and cultivating Al- 
 Jiances with the moft powerful Families in the King- 
 dom. But the greateft Grievance is, that they com- 
 monly difcover the fame governing Spirit here, 
 which they exercifed abroad, and attempt the fame 
 Kind of Dominion and Authority over the Countries 
 where they fettle, which they found practicable in 
 thofe foreign and arbitrary Commands. 
 
 Friday-^
 
 68 
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N T2, 
 
 N 12. Friday ) January 13. 
 
 Sed quanta Hie magis Formas fe vertat in omnes, 
 Tanto, Nate, magis contende tenacia vincla. Virg. 
 
 To CALEB D'ANVERS, Efq; 
 
 SIR, 
 
 H E Payment of the Publick Debts and 
 the Redemption of the Duties, which 
 they have occafion'd, are Subjeds of" 
 fuch general Importance to the King- 
 dom, that I doubt not you will accept, 
 in a candid Manner, of any Thoughts, 
 which appear to have this View ; tho' Things feem 
 to be fo unfortunately managed at prefenr, that you 
 are the only Author of this Kind, from whom I 
 can, with any Degree of Confidence, expeft fuch a 
 Favour. 
 
 I prefume, Sir, that you have read a little Piece, 
 juft publifhed, entitled, Remarks on a late Book, cal- 
 led, An EJ/ay on the publick Debts of this Kingdom, 
 &c. as well as the Observations that have been made 
 upon it in the London Journal on Saturday the 3111 
 of laft Month ; upon which I think it neceflary, for 
 the Information of thofe Perfons, who are but little 
 acquainted with this Subjeft, or into whofe Hands 
 this Piece may not have fallen, to make fome farther 
 Remarks. 
 
 The Writer of the Letter in the London Journal 
 begins with a pompous Eulogium of the Author of 
 ihtEJlay, (whom, for fome Reafons, which I may 
 hereafter mention, I take to be Himfelf,} and a very 
 
 indiffe-
 
 CRAFTSMAN. 6p 
 
 indifferent Charaaer of the Remarker, by telling us 
 fh.tt the former feems to be a very great Mailer of 
 the Sttbjel be treats fff; whereas it mujl appear to 
 every one, who will rend the Remarks *ft any At- 
 tention, and be at the Pains of comparing the Quo- 
 tations, by reading the whole Paragraphs that be 
 takes them from, that the Author of the Remarks 
 Joes not only not know any thing of the Subjefl be 
 is writing upon, but that he has dealt in a very ex- 
 traordinary and difuigenuous Manner with the Author 
 of the Eflay i and feems not to have any View to fet 
 bis Countrymen right in ibe great Quezon of the 
 publick Debt ; but, under Colour of fftf* ng fame poor 
 Remarks upon a Book, which has defervedly gain d 
 Efteem in the World, takes an Opportunity of venting 
 bis perfonal Refentment againft Thofe, who have a 
 great Share in the Adminijt ration of the A/airs of 
 this Kingdom. 
 
 As to the firft Part of this modeft Paragraph, 
 which relates to the Author of the EJay, I muft ob-. 
 ferve that the Remarker does not fee.n in any Part of 
 his Book to deny, that he is a very great M.fter of 
 tbe Subjeft he treats of; but only endeavours to 
 fhew, that he has apply'd his Talents to a very bad 
 Ufe and I have fome Reafon to believe, that great 
 Part of his Refentment againft the Remarker proceeds 
 from his having djfcover'd a Defign, which the Au- 
 thor of the Ejffay has taken fo much Pains to con- 
 ceal. 
 
 Whether the Author of the Remarks knows any 
 Thing of the Subjefl be is writing upon, I fhall leave 
 the World to judge and determine ; but, for my 
 own Part, upon reading his Performance with the 
 clofeft Attention, and comparing bis Quotations very 
 exaftly with the Paragraphs from whence be hikes 
 them, I muft be free to declare, that I think he 
 has fully executed his Purpofe, as it is expreffed in 
 the Title Page of his Book ; which was to prove, 
 
 that-
 
 70 The CRAFTSMAN. NI2 
 
 that the EJJay is written with an evil Tendency, and 
 that the Author's Defign was to prepare the Nation 
 for farther Duties and new Debts ; which Point he 
 feems to have clearly demonftrated by divers Paflages 
 and Quotations out of the EJJay. 
 
 It is farther obvious, that the Remarker does not 
 pretend to difpute the ExacJnefs of the Author's Cal- 
 (itlations ; nor deny, for Argument's Sake, that they 
 would operate in the Manner which he aj/erts, pro- 
 vided they were ftritfly applied ; but, as his Defign 
 led him, be dejires bis Countrymen to beware of the 
 Doftrine, which feems to be couched under this flat- 
 tering and delujive Scheme ; a Doctrine fo ill dif- 
 guifed, that it may be difcovered by any Man with 
 the leaft Attention, and without knowing any thing 
 of this Subject, fo far as it relates to Figures, Cal- 
 culations, and the Particularly of which the publick 
 Debt confifts. 
 
 If therefore the Letter-writer had thought fit to 
 have faid any Thing to thePurpofe, his proper Bu- 
 finefs would have been to mew that this Objection 
 againft the EJJay was groundlefs j and that the Re- 
 marker had no Reafon to charge the Author with 
 fuch a pernicious Dejign > whereas he does not at- 
 tempt to prove This, but flies off to another Point, 
 quite foreign to the prefent Purpofe, concerning 
 STOCK- JOBBING, (by him called PUB LICK CR EDIT) 
 which the Remarker takes no Notice of, thro' his 
 whole Book. 
 
 But there appears to be fuch a Sanenefs in this 
 Gentleman's Writings and fuch a peculiar Propenfity 
 to extraordinary A/ertions, that I muft beg Leave to 
 trouble you with another Letter on what he has 
 farther offered in that Paper. 
 
 In the mean time, fince the Letter-writer has 
 thought fit to treat the Remarks in fo di/tngenuous a 
 Manner, and to condemn them by wholefale, without 
 producing one Paflage out of them, or offering the 
 
 leaft.
 
 N 12. The CRAFTSMAN. 71 
 
 'leaft Reafon for his Severity ; it will not, I hope, be 
 thought improper to fhew, by a Quotation or two, 
 the true Defign of this Piece, and how much it has 
 fuffered by this Author's Mifreprefentation. 
 
 He begins with ftating the Author's Scheme very 
 exaftly ; which he fums up in this Manner. 
 
 " If in the Year 1727, the whole publick Debt 
 
 " of this Kingdom (by which I mean, All that the 
 
 " Publick owes, whether it be publickly known, or 
 
 " not) mail really amount to no more than fifty 
 
 " Millions. I F in the fame Year the Income of the 
 
 *' Jinking Fund may be certainly computed at a Sum 
 
 " of one Million. I F we can be abfolutely fure that 
 
 " the faid Sum of one Million will, from Year to 
 
 ' Year, be punctually applied, in the Manner before- 
 
 " mentioned, to the Purpofes, to which it is appro- 
 
 " priated. IK we may afluredly depend upon it, that 
 
 " no Minijler,for the future, will be induced, in any 
 
 " pojjible Exigence of 4Jfairi,red or pretended, to lay 
 
 Hands upon tiusfacred Treafure, and divert it to 
 
 " other Purpofes. I F we can undoubtedly promife 
 
 " our felves to be free from any Wars, Infurreftions 
 
 ' or Troubles, for a certain large Number of Years 
 
 " to co/ne ; or, I F the finking Fund can be fuppo- 
 
 " fed to make a greater Progrefs under the Incum- 
 
 " brances of an expenfive War, than in a Time of 
 
 " profound Peace. I fay, if all thefe Suppofitions 
 
 *' are not ridiculous Chimasra's, but well-grounded 
 
 ' Preemptions, then is our Author's Scheme a ra- 
 
 " tional Scheme, and we may rely upon feeing the 
 
 " publick Debt totally difcharged by it, within the 
 
 " Time propofed ; nay, we may carry our Debts 
 
 " to the utmoft Extravagance, in Confidence of ha- 
 
 *' ving them, one Time or other, fully difcharged 
 
 *' 'by a finking Fund of one Million, according to the 
 
 ** Rules of geometrical ProgreJJton. 
 
 In
 
 ya Fhe CRAFTSMAN. N 12, 
 
 In the next Place he undertakes to mew the Au- 
 thor's fecret Defegn', which, he fays, feems to "be 
 ' as far as He can judge, to prepare the Nation for 
 " new Debts, (could any Government be either fo 
 " weak, or fo wicked as to follow his Directions,) 
 * under the popular Pretence of exhibiting a Scheme 
 " for paying the old', for were the Author's only 
 ' Defign to prove the Efficacy and Sufficiency of 
 ' the Jinking Fund for paying our prefe?it Debt, he 
 ' could have no Occafion to carry its Progrefs any 
 < farther than this End ; nor is it of any Advantage 
 1 to his Argument, to demonftrate that fuch a Sum 
 ( fo applied, will not only pay off our prefent Debt, 
 but alfo any farther increased Sum, which we mail 
 " pleafe to add to it. I fay, it can be of no Advan- 
 tage to his Argument to fuppofe any farther Debt ; 
 fince if it be fufficient to pay \hzprefent, we de- 
 fire no more. To carry his Calculations therefore, 
 with fo much Pains, farther than we now have, 
 or, I hope, ever fhall have Occafion for them, 
 bears an ill Afpeft, and muft be allowed to be al- 
 " together unnecefTary and impertinent to his pre- 
 " fent Purpofe, if he had no other Dejlgn. How- 
 ' ever it be, an honeft Briton does not love to hear 
 " the frequent Repetition of farther Duties and nezo- 
 *' invented Funds, or to fee any Calculations, which 
 " appear to have this Tendency ; nor would he have 
 " fuch broad Hints given to Men, vvho are ready 
 *' enough of themfehes to lay hold of all Occasions 
 " of this Nature. 
 
 The Author of the EJfay having afferted tbat the 
 Lands, Ejlates, Expence or Commerce of Great Bri- 
 tain will yet eajily admit of farther Duties, fufeient 
 I'j furnijb new Funds, to anfaer the Intereft of fucb 
 Sums, as any publick Occafion whatfoever, that be can 
 poffibly reprefent to himfelf, can call for ', the Re- 
 marker goes on thus 
 
 " Was
 
 N 1 2. STke CRAFTSMAN. 73 
 
 " Was ever any Author guilty of fuch an extra- 
 " vagant AfTertion ; or, of fuch a flat Contradiction 
 *' to the common Senfe and Knowledge of a whole 
 " Nation? Is there not already a Land-Tax upon our 
 " Eftates as large as can be reafonably deiired in a 
 *' Time of Peace? Are not all our ordinary Expencei 
 " burthen'd with Duties ; or is there any conlidera- 
 " ble Branch of Commerce, which does not pay its 
 " Cuftom ? Is there fcarce any Thing, that we eat, 
 " drink, wear, or in any Manner ufe, which does not 
 " contribute to the Neceffities of the Government ? 
 " Are not many Things doubly, trebly, and even 
 ** quadruply loaden ? Is not This generally lamented 
 " by all People ; and can our Author, who pretends 
 tf to underftand the State of the Nation fo exaftly, 
 ' be ignorant of it ? Or, does he imagine that all the 
 " World have loft the Ufe of their Eyejjght and Feel- 
 " it;g, except himfelf? 
 
 " What therefore mail we fay to a Man, who 
 " thus infolently fports with the Calamities of a Na- 
 " tion, and lays wanton Plans for future Minifters 
 " (lince I am fare they can have no Influence upon 
 " the prefent) to opprefs his Fellow-Subjefts with 
 *' fuch grievous Burthens, as neither we nor our Cbil- 
 '* dren Jball be able to bear ? 
 
 But the moft unjuft Imputation of all againfl the 
 Re marker is, that he has taken this Opportunity of 
 venting his pei-fonal Refentments againft Tbofe, who 
 have a great Share in the Adminiftration of the Af- 
 fairs of this Kingdom i whereas I can, with great Con- 
 fidence, aflert that no Writer whatfoever has, at any 
 Time, in fo fniall a Book, mentioned thefe Gentle- 
 men fo often or with more Refpeft. Nay, in one 
 Place, I think he carries the Point too far, and mews 
 almoft too fervile a Regard even for the bejt of Mi- 
 nijlers, where he propofes to have an Aft of Parlia- 
 ment made on Purpofe to fecure them in their Em- 
 ployments during Life, and to have a new Form of 
 G Prayer
 
 74 &&* CRAFTSMAN. N I a. 
 
 Prayer infer ted in our Liturgy for their Prefervation 
 and Continuance ; but though This mny ';e efteem'd, 
 perhaps, too high a Strain of Deference to \hzgreateft 
 .and wortbieft of Men in that Station, by fetting them 
 too much upon an Equality with their Royal Mafter 5 
 yet, if it fhould, at any Time, be thought expe- 
 dient, I lhall chear fully fubmit to the one, and con- 
 form to the other ; being refolved not to diflent from 
 the publick Worihip, nor to go cnce the feldomer 
 to Cburcb on that Account. 
 
 I hope, Sir, This will be thought fufficient to 
 ihew the Dijigenuity of the Letter-writer, and con- 
 vince the World, that fuch a deiultory Manner of 
 treating the Remarks muft proceed from a Confci- 
 oufnefs of his Inability to fupport the EJJay againft 
 the Charge, which is brought ?gainil it in that 
 Book. But as he has thought fit to open another 
 Field of Argument by advancing fonse new and ctt- 
 ri'Ais Tenets', I muft beg the Favour of you to re- 
 ferve me a Place in your Paper one Day next Week, 
 In Order to infert fome Observations upon them, 
 from, 
 
 I R, 
 
 Tour Humble Servant, 
 
 N BRITANNICUS. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Whereas the Publick has been moft grojly impofed 
 on, and abufed by the late invented golden Truffes 
 for preventing of Ruptures, wbicb it is new known have 
 'prov.ed ineffectual j This is to give Notice to all Per- 
 Jbns, that a Preparation of Steel is making at a cer- 
 tain Place, over-againft the Horfe-Guards ; which will 
 have c much better Efeft, by entirely changing the 
 Corilitution, and making it more ftrong and vigorous 
 for the future, 
 
 Monday
 
 N 13; tfbe CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 N 
 
 Non fumum ex fulgore fed ex fumo dare lucem 
 Cogltat - Hor. 
 
 To CALEB D'ANVERS, Efe 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I N C E" you Kave given rny Brother 
 Civieus ib kind a Reception, I flatter 
 myfclf that it will not be difagreeable, 
 if I let you into fome Secrets relating 
 to the IT -jl I a C y ; and acquaint- 
 you with the Behaviour of 
 
 wurite Direflor'* who is the DIRECT OR of Directors* 
 and their SCREEN-MASTER GENERAL. 
 
 This Gentleman is of their Committee of T ry ,. 
 and. by thofe Means is a perfect Mafter of all the 
 Accounts of the Company ; and is belides fo ready 
 and able a Speaker, that They entirely depend upon 
 him to defend them againft the Clamour of their ge- 
 neral Courts ; and, to give him his Due, he has both 
 the dffurance and the Addrefs to perfuade them, 
 that their Direflors are paying off their Debts ; when, 
 at the fame Time, they are enriching Tbemfefoes 
 and their Creatures, at the Expence of the Company. 
 This being the Cafe, the reft are forced to fubmit 
 to him in every Thing. He makes Directors. He 
 makes Secretaries. He makes Clerks. He makes Go- 
 vernors. He makes Chaplains to their Faftories. He 
 makes their Officers and Soldiers ; and, to fum 
 up all, He has made to himfelf an immenfe For- 
 tune. But not fatisfied with This (whether out of 
 G 3 vain
 
 76 
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N 
 
 vain Glory, or to lay other Parts of the World un- 
 der Contribution) He has pick'd a Quarrel with the 
 great Mogul, the Emperor of China, and the Sophy 
 of Perjta ; and, tho 1 by thefe Means, the Compa- 
 ny's Ships may be feiz'd, and their Trade prohibi- 
 ted ; yet, if They will take his Wrd, it is all for 
 the better. He has declared that the D cb EJl 
 In a Company have acceded upon a Promife, that 
 our / a C y will bear the whole Expence of the 
 War, and give them a good, handfome Sum into the 
 Bargain ; and that we may have more Friends up- 
 on the fame Terms ; meaning, as I hear, the two 
 Infurances, and the charitable Corporation. He fays 
 that the Copper Merchants have it under their Deli- 
 beration; and that it is not doubted but they will 
 like wife take our Money, when They have punifhed 
 a Perfon, who has cheated them, and are convin- 
 ced, that nobody will give them more. He feems to 
 value himfelf much upon the Zeal of one of the 
 Principals, viz. the B k ', and fays that They will 
 be ready, upon Demand, with their hundred Thou- 
 fands ; but I find -it is moft People's Opinion, that 
 'They are playing their old Game of lying by, 'till 
 they are aflured of their INTEREST. The S tb 
 S a Company, which was at firft a Principal, and 
 the moil nearly concern'd, has, as we are told, be- 
 ing very neceflitous, taken Money on both Sides; but 
 it is not doubted that this Gentleman will fix them 
 atlaft; it being a Game he is perfectly acquainted 
 with. The An - /, I think, are allow'd by all 
 Sides (like the Duke of Lor rain) to {land neuter. 
 The two Water-Offices have offered their Affiftance. 
 The Demands of the one are very exorbitant ; for 
 They infill upon having their Engine kept in Repair. 
 The other, being compofed of pubUck-fpirited Me?!, 
 will do it gratis, for the Honour of it, being at pre- 
 fent out of Bufmefs ; but, in my humble Opinion, 
 They ought to be referved as Mediators and Peace-
 
 N 1-3. The CRAFTS MAN. 77 
 
 makers, if they can furnilh Water enough to cool 
 St. Stephen's Cbappel. This we are told is the 
 State of our Affairs ; but the Gentleman, out of his 
 great Modefty, will not ftrike the Bargain with any of 
 them, without the Sanftion of a general Court ; which 
 he defigns to call very foon, and does not doubt that* 
 his Meafures will be crown'd with Succefs, if- the Court. 
 will do as he wou'd have them. He has had a private 
 Meeting already with feveral of the Proprietors at his - 
 Friend's in the City, where they came to the follow- 
 ing Refolutiom, viz. 
 
 ** That the hearty Thanks of the Company be re- 
 " turn'd to their Directors, for their great Care and- 
 *' Vigilance in difcharge of their Office. 
 
 " That, not withftanding their Stock was fallen from 
 " 1 80 -per Cent, to 130; They were fenfible of the. 
 " great Blejfings they enjoyed under their happy Di- 
 " reffion. 
 
 " That They would maintain and fupport their-; 
 '* DirecJers againft all their open and. fecret Enemies^ 
 " both at Home and Abroad- 
 
 " That if any Prince or Potentate (how great fb- 
 " ever) fhould give himfelf Airs to any Perfon em- 
 " ploy'd by this Company, they will fufficiently enable- 
 " their Directors to chaftife his Infolence. 
 
 " That they will give Power to their Direflors fo 
 " make a confiderable CALL, and to borrow what- 
 " Money They plenfe ; - for which the Company will ba 
 " anfwerable." 
 
 Thefe Refoluiions, I am told, were unanimoufly a- 
 greed to ; and Thofe, who were not already employ 'd 
 in the Company's Service, had an Affurance from this 
 Gentleman that they mould be provided for upon the 
 fir ft Vacancies. 
 
 Now, Sir, I beg you will :publifh this Account, be- 
 fore a Meeting of a general Court J that the innocent 
 G 3 Pro-
 
 78 fbe CRAFTSMAN. N 1 3. 
 
 Proprietors may be apprifed of what is intended. I 
 am, with gre^t Refpeft, 
 
 S I R, 
 
 Tour rnojl obedient, bumble Servant, 
 C. URBANICU5. 
 
 P. 5. I had forgot to tell you the Occafion of the 
 Quarrel, which was thus. The Great Mogul has 
 been heard to fay, more than once, that all his own 'Da- 
 minions were his own ; and that he had contented to a 
 Trade with the Emperor of China ; but I never heard 
 what Offence the Sophy of Perfia has given to our Com- 
 pany ; unlefs They are in fome private Treaty with 
 the Tky C ny in behalf of the Grand Seignior. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 In a few Days will be published, PROPOSALS far 
 
 Printing 
 
 A more accurate and cor re ft Map of the World, than 
 any, tvhicb has hitherto appeared ; jbtteing the many 
 grofs Miitakes made by former Geographers in the De- 
 fcription and Situation <?/ Europe ; and proving the Ba- 
 lance to have hung wronger this I aft Century ; Muf- 
 covy and Spain being lately dijcovered to be contiguous, 
 and the German Continent to extend to the Eaft and 
 Weil- Indies; and jetting right many other remarkable 
 Errors tos long to be enumerated. The Whole is formed 
 en the moft exact Plans and neweft Obfervations of 
 modern Geographers. Subfcriptions are taken in at 
 the Brazen-Head in Channel-Row, Weftminfter, at 
 Four Shillings ; and 'tis hoped the whole Work will 
 befnijbed by May-Day next. 
 
 Friday
 
 14* Ito9 L.R AFTS M AN. ^p 
 
 N 14*. Friday^ January 2O_ 
 
 Verum ita Rifores, /'/* commendare peaces 
 
 Convenict Satyros, ita vertere feria ludo, 
 
 Nt>, quicunque Deus, quicunque abbibebitur Heros, 
 
 Regali epnfpeflui in auro nuper &? oftro, 
 
 M/r/ /' obfcuras humili fermone Tabernas. Hor. 
 
 Man, who has lived but half as long in 
 the World as I have done, cannot avoid 
 having a great many melancholy Reflex 
 tions, on feeing Things of the mofty- 
 riaus vn&foltmn Nature turned into Ri- 
 dicule. This Method of Writing was 
 firft introduced by Cervantes iiv Spain, and Rabelais 
 in France ; from whence it was brought into England 
 by King Charles II. at his Reiteration ; where it im- 
 mediately grew into Credit from thatAntipathy, which 
 the People had conceived againft the fanatical Purity 
 and Starchnefs of the former Reign. Ever fmce that 
 Time it has continued to encreafe amongft us, and is 
 now grown to fuch an Excefs, that the graveft Subjefts 
 are frequently treated in this light and ludicrous Man- 
 ner ; of which I could give a Multitude of Inftances ; 
 but I believe it will be fufficient to mention only two 
 Books lately publifh'd ; namely, Captain Gulliver's 
 Voyages, and An Enquiry into the Reafons of the Con- 
 duit of Great-Britain, &V. the loft of which feems to 
 be a fervile Imitation of the other, as That is of the 
 French or Spanijb Author before-mention'd, and might 
 be better entitled Don Quixote in Politicks; the Re- 
 fleftions ofPaatinptttfm the prefent State of Affairs ; 
 or, Gulliver turn'd State/man. 
 
 It
 
 8o fbe CRAFTSMAN. N p 14. 
 
 It is evident to every Reader of the meanefl Capaci- 
 ty, that the Author of this curious Piece proceeds on 
 the Model of thofe Writers and that his Defign is to 
 ridicule Statefmen and political Matters in the fame 
 Manner that Cervantes expofes Books of Chivalry* or. 
 Captain Gulliver the Writings of travellers, by pub- 
 lifhing a Collection of the moft palpable Faljhoods, Ab- 
 jjtrdities, and Coh}radifticns, in a grave and ferious 
 Manner, with the fame folemn Grimace and repeated 
 Pfofeffions of Truth and Simplicity. 
 
 But 1 muft obferve, that this Mock-Enquirer is not 
 only guilty of very unfeafonable and indecent Mirth, 
 by turn'ng to Jcft Things of the higheft Concern, but" 
 is alfo fomewmt unhappy in his Imitation of thofe 
 great Matters ; for tho' the Account which he gives of 
 publick Affairs is full as rmantick and incredible as the 
 Adventure r, which They relate ; yet he falls infinitely 
 below them in Diction and manner of Writing ; which 
 in Them is elegant, and majeftick ; whereas in this Au- 
 thor the Stile is manifeftly, as indigefted and ungramma- 
 tical, as the Tenour of his Book isfafiu'cus and im- 
 probable i but perhaps This may ce done on purpofe, 
 in order to make the 2a?iter the Wronger. 
 
 Indeed we may, in fome Mea'i.'-o, impute this Hu- 
 mour, of turning feriousThings into. ridicule, to fome of 
 our late theatrical Entertainments ; for I cannot help 
 thinking that the great Encour^r-.e ,t, which has 
 been given, for fome Years paft, to the wonderful 
 Conceits of Scaramouch and Harlequin* has emboldened 
 feveral Perfons, and efpecially this Author, to repre- 
 fent the great Affairs of Princes and Kingdoms in the 
 fame jocofe and farcical Manner- 
 
 What Succefs this Piece may meet with in an Age 
 and Nation, which is too apt to be plea.ea with fuch 
 fanciful Productions, I know not ; but it cannot be 
 expected that a Man of my Years mould approve of 
 it, in any Degree ; for, on the contrary, I am aftonilh- 
 ed that any Perfpn fhould prefume to publiib fuch po- 
 litical
 
 N 14. &be CRAFTSMAN. Si 
 
 litical Drollery, and make the mod important Affiiirs 
 of Europe, which feems to be juft on the Brink of a 
 bloody and expenfive War, the Subject of publick 
 Mirth and Entertainment. 
 
 It is not improbable that fome Perfon, who has more 
 Leifure, or a better Opinion of this Piece than I have, 
 may think it worth his while to examine the Tendency 
 of it in a ferious Manner. For my Part, I think it 
 deferves only Contempt and Ridicule; and I can make 
 no doubt that every impartial Man in Great Britain 
 will look on it in the fame Light ; but as it is not my 
 Cuftom to condemn any Book, however falfe or ab- 
 furd, without fome Reafon, I think it proper to make' 
 the following Obfervations on this TVeatife. 
 
 The Author feems impatient to let us into his De- 
 fign ; which I think fufficiently explains itfelf in the 
 very fir'ft Page, where he tells us, " that Curiojity it- 
 " felf, the loweft Principle of all our Enquiries, will 
 " force its way into fuch a Scene, and will expert or 
 " invent fome Account of fo furprifing a Change, from 
 ' a Calm hardly paraklled by any paft Profpett-" 
 
 For my Part, I never efteemed the natural Curio- 
 ftty of Mankind to be fo low a Principle, as is here 
 reprefented ; but I can eafiiy believe that this Author 
 is actuated by fome higher Principle, as he feems to 
 intimate himfelf juft below j where he fays, that 
 this Principle grows ft ranger, when it is join'd to 
 Self-intereft, and becomes a psrfonal and national Con- 
 cern ', which I take to be the Cafe of the Eniuirer t 
 whatever it may be of the Enquiry ; for I readily un- 
 derlhnd how this Affair may be a ferfor.al Concern to 
 the Author j and I think it ought to become a natio- 
 nal Concern to defeat his End. But to proceed 
 
 A Parallel to a Calm is manifeftly a Solascifm in 
 Language ; and a PAST Profpeft is juft as proper as a 
 FUTURE Retrofpeft ; both which are what we ufually 
 call Absurdities ; but as Queftions go farther in con- 
 vincing fome Perfons than the ilrongeit Arguments, I 
 
 mutt
 
 &2 -The CRAFTSMAN. N 14^ 
 
 muft beg leave to enquire of this Enquirer how he 
 thinks any Prelate would like the PAST profpfft of a 
 better BISHOPRICK,. 
 
 As to the Duke de Ripper da, ifwh.it is faid of him 
 be true, I am heartily glad that he is out of Power, 
 and fecured in the Cattle of Segovia ; tho' I pref^me 
 it will be thought fomcwhat incredible that a Man, 
 who has difcovered fuch a rank, pcrfonal Malignancy 
 sgainft his Majefly, fiiould have the Confidence to fly 
 for Refuge, when in D'fgmce, to his Majelty's Am- 
 baflador, or to think that Great Britain would en- 
 danger a Rupture with the Kingdom of Spain, only 
 to protedt fuch an inveterate Enemy from their Re- 
 femmcr.r. 
 
 In Page 33, we find Sitfpicions, or fomething ftrong- 
 er than Sufpicions, built upon Appearances of another 
 Sufpicion ; \vhich feveral Sufpithnj, to the Number of 
 abouty>j/ or eight, are at length made to amount to 
 a Certainty. 
 
 Indeed, we are told that Ripperda did, upon a cer- 
 tain Occufvon^dec/are in Converfation a fecret,. offenfive- 
 Treaty ; which ought to be look'd on as a private Pro- 
 clamation of zfecret Treaty. 
 
 Having thus fettled it as a Certainty that there is a, 
 declared*. fe.cret* offenfive Alliance between the Em- 
 peror and- the King of Spain, he propofes, in the next 
 Place, to give us fome Light into the Nature of it,, 
 and tells us, that when he has done Thi Let them 
 that be blind, be blind ft ill ; which Exprcffion is 
 look'd upon, by fome of his Friends, as a little too 
 open, by difcovering the little Ufe, which his Book will 
 be of, unlefs his Readers refolve to continue blind, 
 Jtill. 
 
 But above all, commend me to thofe two quick- 
 fcented CttJlom-Houfe Officers in Ireland ; who, upon 
 fearching three Ruffian Ships, driven in thither by 
 Strefs of Weather, found all the Symptoms of Enmity 
 to his Majefty. I. would humbly recommend theft 
 
 Gentle-
 
 N 14. Vbe CRAFTSMAN. $3 
 
 Gentlemen to better Employments ; fince They may- 
 be of great Ufe : to any Minifters, by their excellent 
 Talent at difcovering Ships that are difaffeSed, and 
 nding out all the Symptoms of Enmity in Veffels, that 
 have falfe Bottoms. This puts me in mind of a Piece 
 of an old Ballad, which celebrates the fame ufeful 
 Quality in that renowned Prince King James I. 
 
 For louder and louder, 
 Quoth the King I ftnell Powder* 
 And down he went into the Cellar ', 
 And the King was an excellent Smeller. 
 
 In the fame Page we are told, concerning thefe 
 three Skips, " that when they were fafe in Spain, it 
 " was given out by one of the greateft Men in the 
 Court of Rt/J/ta, and written by another great Man 
 f* from his Mouth to another at Stockholm, in order to 
 *' influence the Swedes, &c" which puts me in mind 
 " of another Scrap of Poetry in the Turtle and Spar- 
 ** row, to the fame Purpofe. 
 
 Sometimes, forfooth, upon the Brook, 
 I kept a Mifs. An honeft Rook 
 'Told it a Snipe ; who told a Stear ; 
 Who told it Thofe, who told it her. 
 
 I am furprized that this Author mould complain 
 (as he does in more than one Place) of the extrava- 
 gant Manner, in which the Duke de Ripper da was 
 honour d and aggrandized by the King of Spain ; be- 
 caufe I had always fuch a RefpecT: for Men in high 
 Stations, that I thought a prime Minifter, who fervl 
 kis Mailer honeilly, however he might behave tc- 
 wards foreign Courts, could not be loaded with Ho- 
 nours and Riches, and Grandeur in too extravagant a
 
 84 The CRAFTSMAN. N 14. 
 
 In another Place, fpeaking of the fame great Man, 
 he fays, Who can we believe, if not a prime Mini- 
 iler ? Which, applied to Men of fuch Eminence, 
 ought certainly to hold true ; but as it relates to One, 
 of whom this Author has given fuch an infamous 
 Character, it feems not altogether conclufive ; for \ve 
 may reafonably expe<tl as much Veracity in a private 
 Country Gentleman, as mfucb a prime Minifter. 
 
 I mall take no Notice of his pleafant Argument for 
 paying our Debts, by plunging farther in Debt j be- 
 caufe this Method of Reafoning has been advanced be- 
 fore, in another Book, written in the fame Spirit, and 
 requires no farther Obfervations, than what have been 
 already made upon it. 
 
 But I cannot neglect to obferve, with how muck 
 Eafe and Dexterity he has made Don Carlos the great- 
 eft Prince upon Earth ; who, by marrying the eldeft 
 Arcb-D nt chef i, may poffibly come to be Emperor ; 
 may be King of France'-, and may be King of Spain ; 
 which is fomewhat like a Welch Lady of my Acquain- 
 tance, who, if an Unkle, three Brothers, and two Cou- 
 fins happen to die, may be a co.ifiderable Fortune. 
 
 I make no Doubt that the Pretender, according to 
 Cuflom, is very active at this critical Conjuncture, 
 and will fet all Meafures on Foot, which he thinks 
 will facilitate his Defigns ; but I am forry to fee this 
 Affair treated in fo ludicrous a Manner by the Au- 
 thor of the Enquiry ', for, by founding it on a Num- 
 ber of Suppojitiws and Conjeftures, he" makes it look 
 like Scruffs Plot in the Stratagem, who concludes 
 thirdly and /a/tfy, it tnuft be a Plot, becaufe I don't 
 K>;owwhatto make of it. 
 
 D. C. 
 
 Monday,
 
 N 15. 
 
 CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 N 15. Monday January 23. 
 
 Ecce iterum Crijpinus ! 
 
 SCALES D' A N V E R S, / gi 
 SIR, 
 
 'HAVE already fliewn, that the Au- 
 thor of a Letter, publifhed in the Ion, 
 din Journal on the 31 it of laft Month, 
 occafioned by the Remarks on an Etfay 
 on the pub Lick Debts, &c. has either 
 miftaken or wilfully avoided to take No- 
 tice of the true Drift of that Pamphlet; which was 
 only to prove that the Deftgn of the Author of the 
 EJ/ay was to prepare the Nation for farther Duties 
 and new Debts, without making the leaft Attempt to 
 overturn the Foundation of his Scheme, which has 
 >een fmce confider'd in fo clear and mafterly a Man- 
 ner as will, I believe, admit of no Reply. But fmce 
 Je Author of that Letter, finding it imprafticable to 
 defend die Effay againft this Charge, has had Re- 
 C K I - k * a " 0t ^ er P' mt conc eing Stock- Jelling, on 
 which Subjeft he has advanced feveral uncommon 
 Proportions, I muft now defirejo trouble vou with 
 fome Remarks on that Head. 
 
 T obferve, in the firft Place, that the principal 
 
 >f this Letter feems to be to difluade the bonefl 
 
 undefigning Creditors of the Publick from felling 2& 
 
 the Funds, at this Jundure, that the crafty Men 
 
 who are in Secrets, may diipofe of their Stocks at a 
 
 better Price, in order to buy in aga in, when the 
 
 Stodcs
 
 86 Vbc CRAFTSMAN. N 15. 
 
 Stocks are funk much Issuer, as they may probably 
 lia ve fome Reafon to expeft. 
 
 I am as much concerned, as this Author can be, to 
 fee any clandeftine and linifter Methods made uie of, 
 in order to depreciate publick Credit, and heartily 
 vvifh that it were much higher than it is at prefent; 
 though I cannot agree with him, that this Fall is 
 occafioned only by a LITTLE RUMOUR of our en- 
 triHg into a War. I mull allb remark that although 
 ^the publick Credit ought, by all jult Methods, to 
 -be kept up at this Time ; yet that putting a greater 
 -Value or. the Price of our Stocks than they are really 
 worth, is not the proper Way to fupport it ; but, 
 by giving it a fudden and falfe Rife, will occafion at 
 length a greater and more precipitate Fall. I will 
 therefore affirm, that fince there is fo great a Share of 
 the Property of this Kingdom inverted in thefe fluc- 
 tuating Commodities, every Proprietor has a Right to 
 be acquainted, at all Times, with their genuine Va- 
 lue ; that he may not be impofed on in the Sale of 
 them by Perfons more knowing than himfelf. Nay, I 
 will go ftill farther, and venture to declare that the 
 J?/ and Fall of thefe Commodities do, in no fmall 
 Degree, affet every other Kind of Property in thefe 
 Kingdoms ; as was too fenfibly felt in that fatal Year 
 1720; and therefore that a Man, who has no int- 
 vifdiats Concern in thefe Securities, may, notvvith- 
 fbmding the. Letter-writer s AfTertion to the contrary, 
 .write or /peak, provided he writes or fpeaks only 
 whit is true, on thefe Subjects, without any bail Dc- 
 fign ; but whoever, either by his writing or freaking, 
 endeavours to periuade the publick Creditors, that 
 their Securities are, at any Time, worth more than 
 they really are, / will be free to declare (as this 
 Author exprefles it) that be muft ds it with a very 
 hifamous Defigr.. 
 
 But
 
 N 15. tfke C R A F T S M A K. 87 
 
 But what can he poffibly mean by laying, that the 
 only Enemies, whom we can be fuppofed to have to da 
 with, can give no Interruption to our Commerce to 
 any great Degree ; as may be plainly (hewn, ifOccajion 
 requires? I mould be very much obliged to him, it 
 he would be pleafed to Jhew me This plainly ; fince 
 I think the prefent Occafion does very much require it ; 
 for are we not likely to have to do with SPAIN ; 
 and will- not our Spanijh Trade (which has been con- 
 ftantly thought, of all other, the moft valuable] be 
 mt only jlopt by fuch a War, but alfo be in great 
 Danger of being, in a confiderable Degree, loft for 
 ever, by its taking another Channel', as well as by 
 the Encouragement that will be certainly given to 
 Manufactures in thofe Countries ; which, when once 
 efhblifhed, will, in all Probability, be for ever after- 
 wards fupported ? 
 
 It is too well known that our Woollen Manufacture 
 in the North and Weft does already feel the Mifchiefs 
 of Interruptions in Trade. The Ruffian Army, which 
 ufed to be cloathed by us, have, for fome Years paft, 
 contracted with the King of Pruffia for the fame" 
 Commodities. We fee that the Manufacl-ures in alt 
 Parts of Germany improve daily ; that they likewife 
 {bread in Poland, Rujfia, &c. and, which is ftill worfe, 
 that 'thofe Nations under fell us. What can be the 
 Reafon of This, but that our People, being loaded 
 with heavy Duties on the feveral Materials neceffary 
 to the Woollen Manufacture, cannot work fo cheap ? 
 and yet the Author of the EJfay is for continuing 
 thefe Duties for ever. 
 
 But what will be the natural Effeft of This? If fa 
 many heavy Duties render it impoffible for otir Coun- 
 trymen to work as cheap as the People Abroad ; if*, 
 in Confequence of This, Manufactures are fet up and 
 fupported in foreign Parts, ours at Home muft, fuffer 
 more and more every Day in Proportion. By thefe 
 Means numbers of Families will be reduced to ftarve ; 
 H z and
 
 SS ^CRAFTSMAN. N 15. 
 
 and This, by the fame Confequence, will Ifffin the 
 Funds, provided for paying the Jntereft of the pubkck 
 Debts ; the Burthen of which muft then be thrown 
 on Laud, or the publick Creditors loie their Eftates; 
 and even the landed Ejlates will betides fuffer by 
 every Diminution of our Manufafiures ; for the Ms 
 People get, the lefs they will have to fpend, and the 
 Produce of Land muft fink in its Value for want of 
 Confut/iption 
 
 What renders this Affertion of the Letter-writer, 
 that a War with Spain will give but little Interrup- 
 tion to oar Trade, the more unaccountable, is, that it 
 appears, as I am informed, by the Cuftom-bcufe 
 Books, that in the Year 1717 (which was the Year 
 before our laft unhappy Difference with Spain ) our 
 Exports thither amounted to the Value of feven Hun- 
 dred , forty-nine Tbcufand , em Hundred , ninety-one 
 Pounds; whereas, in the Year 1719, they amounted 
 only to one Hundred forty-eight Thoufand , feven 
 Hundred, forty-one Pounds ; fo that the Exports in the 
 lall of thefe Years was diminifhed by Jix Hundred 
 Thoufand, four Hundred andffty Pounds', and I wifh 
 this Author could plainly Jbew us, that the lame, or 
 a like Difference, will not happen again in the fame 
 Circumflances. 
 
 I need not mention the Enrouragement, which is 
 always given, at fuch Times, to the J'raftice of Pri- 
 v. ".leering; nor that the Subjects of fome Powers in 
 Alliance with us may, perhaps, clandeflinely engage 
 in this lucrative Employment. 
 
 This extravagant Affertion (whether it proceeds 
 from Ignorance or Sbamefttlnefs, I mall not determine) 
 is fo near a-kin to feveral Proportions of the fame 
 Kind in the EJJay on the pitbhck Debts; particularly 
 to That, where he fays, that an Increafe of Figures 
 is not a real Increafe of the Quantity of any Sum ; 
 and That, where he affures us, that the Lands, 
 EJiates, Expsnces, and Commerce of Great Britain,
 
 N l. 3%e CRAFTSMAN. 8<? 
 
 -will yet enfily admit of a great many more Duties and 
 Taxes ; there is, I fay, fueh a near Refembla .ice be- 
 tween all thefe Propofitions, that I cannot help fup- 
 poiing them to come from the fame extraordinary 
 Hand. 
 
 But there are other AfTertions, almoft as extrava- 
 gant, in this Letter } of which I muft not forget to> 
 take Notice. 
 
 It is, for Inftance, very furprizing (if any Thing 
 hereafter can be thought fo in this Writer) that He 
 fhould fay, the Stocks were artfully blown up toa high* 
 fomewbot more than a Tear paft ; when it is well 
 known who feemed to congratulate Themfelves on that 
 extraordinary Height of publick Credit, (for fo it was 
 then called) as the Effect of wife Meafures ; and it is 
 as well known who were the moil bufy in felling out 
 before and immediately after the Hanover Treaty was 
 finifhed, in order to make their beft Market of that 
 artful Rife of the Stocks ; which, with the Appre- 
 henfions of publick Troubles, occafioned that great 
 Fall, fo much complained of ; and whether Tbofe, 
 who occalion'd it, may juftly be efteemed designing 
 Men, and Enemies of the Government or not, let o- 
 thers judge ; but it could not, I think, be expeded 
 that fuch a Character mould be fixed on them by this 
 Author. 
 
 It is farther worth enquiring, how he comes to* 
 reckon the Intereji of Money to .be, on that Day, 
 (December z\.) not more than /car per Cent, by the 
 Premiums on Bonds. But the Author was very much- 
 in the Right to antedate his Letter ten Days, in or- 
 der to give that artful Proof of the Intereji of Mo- 
 ney ; fince it is well known that, at the Time of its 
 Publication, thofe Bonds were fold at par* 
 
 Neither is the Denomination of the Rate of In- 
 tereft, faid to be given for the publick Loans, a- cer- 
 tain Proof, (as ,this Author fuppofes^ of the State of 
 j>#bli(k Credit ' t for This muft be judged according so 
 H 3 what
 
 po Z*be CRAFTSMAN. N 1-5.. 
 
 what the Publick doe3 really pay for fuch Loans. The 
 ' Intefeft may be called three per Cent- and yet, by a 
 Kind of" Management, very practicable, and not un- 
 ufual in Contracts with monied Societies, the Publick 
 may at leaft pay to the Rate of jive per Cent, or 
 more. 
 
 There is another Sort of Management fometimes 
 practifed with monied Societies,, by giving them fome 
 a'-gain, which may be more valuable to Them, and 
 more detrimental to the Publick, than really and openly 
 to give fi-ie, JiX, or even ten per Cent, on the Loans. 
 
 May i.ot Tallies, which carry $ I. per Cent, only in 
 'Appearance, b difpofed of with as much Intereft due 
 upon them, as may make the Rate of Intereft equal to 
 4 /. or 5- /. per Cent, to the Party, who receives them ? 
 
 As to what he fays about buying Stores on equal or 
 better 'Terms thin any Trader or Society of Men ; it 
 iis well known that the -Navy and ViRualling Bills 
 carry- an Infer eft ztfve per Cent, and though the In- 
 ter cji does not commence for the firft fix Months, yet 
 Tlrir is, and has conilantly- been, allowed in the Pri- 
 ce:, which is jnft- the fane as if it did commence. 
 
 He ends, as he begun, in a very extraordinary 
 Mar.ner, by telling u c , that the Proprietors of the 
 pullick- Delt-s have, for their Security of the Pay- 
 ment of their Principal ,& well as Intereft, the Land-s 
 and Manufactures, Trade and Arts of Great Britain', 
 which is i ideed very true ; but it is at the fame time 
 ib melancholy a Conilderation, and fo heavy a Mor^- 
 ga-ge-mi the Eft'ates and 1'nditftry of every Sri ten, that 
 a prudent Author would have chofen to pafs over this 
 Circamftance in Si-lence, fmce it can tend only to 
 create Uneajinefs in the Minds of the People. 
 
 I hope none of my Readers will underftand any 
 Part of this Letter in any other Senfe than as feme 
 bfervations naturally arifing from the wild and ex*~ 
 travagajit After t ions of this Writer ; a Liberty, which 
 } lhall continue to take., for the Honour of my King*
 
 N 16. The CRAFT s MAN. yi 
 
 and the Welfare of my Country,, till I am afiured that 
 He and his Coadjutors have fome particular Privi- 
 lege to write on thefe important Subjects, juft in 
 what Manner they pleafe, without being molefled 
 with any Anfwers, Remarks, or Anirnadverjions. 
 I a/a, SIR, 
 
 Your humble Servant, 
 
 C. JV. 
 
 BRITANNICUI. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Speedily will be publifrTd, 
 
 A Jkort and eafy Method of acquiring DULNESS ; ir, 
 the Art of being unintelligible, fo as not to be found o;;t 
 by the dear eft Friend or neareft Relation ; with proper 
 Rales to damp Imagination, and prevent Elocution. By 
 a Perfon, who has, fir thefe many Tears lajl paft, pro- 
 feffed Non-conception, and Difficulty ^Utterance ; tke 
 Whole in a few Words, tbe Author not being Mafter of 
 many- To be bad only at the Hand and Pen near 
 W-hitehall. 
 
 N 16". Friday ', January 27. 
 
 In HOC SIGNQ vintes. 
 
 A VI NG as yet given the Reader little 
 befides grave Difeouries on. publick 
 Matters, and fbrefeeing that, during the 
 Seffion of Parliament, I mall be obliged 
 to continue daily in the fame Track, I am 
 willing to take this one Opportunity of 
 pufenting. him with, fomething^ which lias no Relation 
 
 at
 
 92- T'be C*AFT3 MAN. N I& 
 
 at all to publick Affairs, but js of a Nature purely a- 
 mufing, and entirely void of Reflection upon any Per- 
 fon whatfoever. 
 
 My Friend Alvarez, ( a Man not unknown to many 
 here, by his frequent Journies to England] did fome 
 time fince make me a Prefent of a Perfian Manufcript, 
 which he met with while he follow 'd the Fortunes of 
 Meriweis. An exafl Translation of the firft Chapter has 
 been made, at my Requeit, by the learned Mr. Solomon 
 Negri, and is as follows. 
 
 The Firjt Vifion of CamilicL 
 
 Fthe Name of God, ever merciful , and of Haly 
 lis Prophet. I flept in the Plains of Bagdad, and 
 1 dreamed a Dream. I lifted my Eyes, and I faw a 
 vaft Field, pi tchM with the Tents of the mighty, and 
 The ftrong ones of the Earth in Array of Battle. I 
 obferv'd the Arms and Enflgns of either Hoft. In the 
 Banners of the one were piclnr'd a Crown and Scep- 
 tre ; and upon the Shields of the Soldiers were en- 
 graven Scourges, Chains, Iron Maces, Axes, and all 
 lands of Inftruments of Violence. The Standards of 
 the other bore the Crown and Sceptre alfo ; but the 
 Devices on the Shields were the Balance, the Olive 
 Wreath, the Plough-Share, and other emblematical 
 Figures of Juftice, Peace, Law, and Liberty. Between 
 thefe two Armies, I faw a King come forth, and fign 
 a \z.rgz Rol/ of Parchment ; at which loud Shouts of 
 Acclamation were heard from every Quarter. The 
 j?0//itfelf flew up into the Air, and appear'd over their 
 Heads, encompafled with Rays of Glory. I obferved 
 that where, ever the fecond Army moved, this glori- 
 ous Apparition attended them ; or rather the Array 
 feemed only to move, as That guided or directed. 
 Soon after, I faw both thefe Hofts engaged, and the 
 whole Face of the Land overfpread with Blood. I 
 faw the King, who had-fign'd and broken that f acred 
 
 Cbarttr,
 
 N 16. The CRAFTSMAN. 93 
 
 Charter, drink out of a golden Cup, fall into Con- 
 vuliions, gafp and die. 
 
 I then faw another King take his Place ; who, in 
 the moft folemn Manner, engaged to make the Words 
 contain'd in the Roll the Guide of his Aflions ; but 
 notwithstanding This, I faw both Armies again en- 
 counter. I faw the King a Prifoner. I faw his Son 
 relieve him, and I faw the Chiefs of the other Army 
 put to Death. Yet that vi&orious Son himfelf bow'd 
 his Head to the Parchment ; which now appeared 
 with fuller Luftre than before. Several other Battles 
 enfued, with vad Slaughter on both 'ides; during 
 whick the celejiial Volume was fometimes clouded over ; 
 but ftill again exerted its Rays, and after every Cloud 
 appear'd the brighter. I obferved thofe Heroes, who 
 fought beneath it, tho'ever fo unfortunate, not once 
 to abate their Courage, while they had the leaftGlimpfe 
 of that heavenly Apparition in their View ; and even 
 Thofe, whom I faw overthrown, pierced with ghaftly 
 Wounds, and panting in Death, refign'd their Lives 
 in Smiles, and with Eyes caft up to that glorious Ob- 
 jeft. At laft the long Contention ceafed. I behdd 
 both Armies unite and move together under the fame 
 divine Influence. I faw one King twelve Times bow 
 down before the bright Phenomenon ; which from 
 thence-forward fpread a Light over the whole Land ; 
 and, defcending nearer to the Earth, the Beams of it 
 grew fo warm as it approach'd, thai the Hearts of the 
 Inhabitants leap'd for Joy. The Face of War was no 
 more. The fame Fields, which had fo long been the 
 Scene of Death and Defolation, were now cover'd. 
 with golden Harvefts. The Hills were cloath'd with 
 Sheep. The Woods fung with Gladnefs. Plenty 
 laugh'd in the Valleys. Induftry, Commerce, and 
 Liberty danced hand in hand thro' the Cities. 
 
 While I was delighting myfelf with this amiable 
 Profpecl, the Scene entirely changed. The Fields and 
 Armies vanifhed ; and I iawr a large and magnificent
 
 4 The CRAFT s MAN. N i6 r 
 
 Hall, refembling the great Divan or Council of the 
 Nation. At the upper End of it, under a Canopy, I 
 beheld thefacred Covenant, fhining as the Sun. The 
 Nobles of the Land were there affembled. They pro- 
 ftrated themfelves before it, and they fung an Hymn. 
 Let the Heart of the King bt glad ; for bis People are 
 happy ! May the Light of the Covenant be a Lan thorn 
 to the Feet of the Judges ; for by This Jhall they J'ept- 
 rate Truth from Ffil/hood- O Innocence rejoyce ! for by 
 this Light Jbalt thou. walk in Safety ; nor Jhall the Op- 
 prejfor take bold on tbee. O Jujiice be exceeding glad! 
 for by this Light all thy Judgments Jhall be decreed 
 with Wifdom ; nor Jhall any Man fay thou haft erred. 
 Let the Hearts of all the People be glad ! for This have 
 their Grandfathers died ; in This have their Fathers 
 rejoiced i and in This may their Pofterity rejoyce ever- 
 more I 
 
 Then all the Rulers took a folemn Oath to preferve 
 it inviolate and unchanged, and to facrifice their Lives 
 and their Fortunes, rather than fuffer themfelves or 
 their Children to be deprived of fo invaluable a Blef- 
 fing. 
 
 After This, I faw another and larger Aflembly come 
 forward into the Hall, and join the firft. Thefe paid 
 the fame Adorations to the Covenant ; took the fame 
 Oath ; they fung the fame Hymn ; and added a fo- 
 kmn Form of Imprecation to this effect. Let the 
 Words of the Roll be for ever In our Eyes, and graven 
 on our Hearts ', and accurfed be He, who layeth Hands 
 on the fame- Accurjed be He, who Jhall remove this 
 Writing from the People '> or who Jhall hide the Law 
 thereof from the King. Let that Man be cut off from 
 the Earth. Let his "Riches be fcatter'd as the Duft* 
 Let his Wife be th^Wife of the People. Let not hi; 
 firft-born be rantfd among the Nobles, Let his Pa- 
 laces be deftroy'd. Let his Gardens be AS a Defart, ha- 
 ving no Water. Let hit Horfes and his Horfemen 
 If overthrown > and Id his Dogs devour their Carcajr 
 
 fes ."
 
 N 1 6. Fhe CRAFTSMAN. oc 
 
 fetf In the midft of thefe Execrations enter'd a Man, 
 drefs'd in a plain Habit, with a Purfe of Gold in his 
 Hand. He threw himfelf forward into the Room, in 
 a bluff, ruffianly Manner. A Smile, or rather a Snear, 
 fat on his Countenance. His Face .was bronz'd over 
 with a Glare of Confidence. An arch Malignity leer'd 
 in his Eye. Nothing was fo extraordinary as the Ef- 
 fort of this Perfon's Appearance. They no foonet 
 faw him, but They all turn'd their Faces from the 
 Canopy, and fell proftrate before him. He trod over 
 their Backs, without any Ceremony, and march'd di- 
 rectly up to the Throne. He open'd his Purfe of 
 Gold ; which he took out in Handfuls, and fcattered 
 amongft the Aflembly. While the greater Part were 
 ngaged in fcrambling for thefe Pieces, He feiz'd, to 
 my inexpreffible Surprife, without the lead Fear, upon 
 the facred Parchment itfelf. He rumpled it rudely 
 up, and cramm'd it into his Pocket. Some of the 
 People began to murmur. He threw more Gold, and 
 they were pacified. No fooner was the Parchment 
 taken away, but in an Inftant I faw half the auguit Af- 
 fembly in Chains. Nothing was heard thro' the whole 
 Divan, but the Noife of Fetters, and Clank of Irons. 
 I faw Pontiffs in their ecclefuftical Habits, and Sena- 
 tors, clad in Ermine, linked together like the moil 
 ignominious Slaves. Terror and Amazement were im- 
 preffed on every Countenance, except on That of fome 
 tew, to whom the Man continued difperfmg his Gold. 
 This He did, till his Purfe became empty. Then He 
 dropt it; but then too, in the very fame Moment, He 
 himfelf dropt with it to the Ground. That and the 
 Date of his Power at once expired. He funk, and 
 lunk for ever. The radiant Volume again rofe ; again 
 ihone out, and reaffumed its Place above the Throne; 
 the Throne, which had been darkened all this Time 
 was now filled with the Effulgence of the Glorv, 
 which darted from it. Every Chain dropped off in an 
 Infant. Every Face regained its former Chearful- 
 
 nefs.
 
 p6 'fhe CRAFTSMAN. N 1 7. 
 
 nefs. Heaven and Earth refounded with Liberty 1 Li- 
 Icrti ! and the HEART OF THE KING WAS 
 GLAD WITHIN HIM. O. 
 
 N 17. Monday, January 30. 
 
 Speciofa verbis ; Re inania aut fubdola ; qiiantoque 
 major e Liber tatis imagine tegebantur, tanto erupt u- 
 ra ad infenfius Servitium. Tac. 
 
 T is wonderful to obferve the Vicijfi- 
 tude and Revolutions of all Things. If 
 we look into Nature, the molt minute 
 Particles of Matter are in a perpetual 
 Flux, and always paffing out f one 
 Form into another. This is beautifully 
 reorefented by the Antients under the Allegory of 
 * Pritcus, who could turn himfelf, according to the Fa- 
 ble, into all Manner of Forms and Shapes, in order 
 to avoid the Importunity of Thofe, who fought his 
 Advice ; by which are fignified to us the various Mu- 
 tations of Matter, and the Folly of Thofe, who pry 
 too nicely into the Secrets of Nature. 
 
 States, Kingdoms, and Empires, are fubjecl to the 
 fame ricffitudes ; and, like the great Mafs of all 
 Things, undergo various Revolutions in their Laws, 
 Manners, Policy, and Religion. Thofe, which, in the 
 preceding Ages, were/m? States, are now funk into ths 
 Dregs of Slavery, and others, which formerly groan'd 
 under Bondage, have lince fliaken off their Servitude, 
 
 Vide Sir Francis Bacon'* Hijlory of tke Ancients. 
 
 and
 
 N 9 1 7. fhe CRAFTSMAN. yy 
 
 and enjoy at prefcnt the Bleffings of Liberty. Several 
 Nations, which were cf old the moft famous for Lear- 
 ning and Politensfs, are now degenerated into Barba- 
 rifm and Ignorance ', whilil others again, where no- 
 thing formerly prevailed but Savagenefs and Brutr.ttty, 
 are, in our Days, become the moil civilized, and the 
 greateit Nurferies of Letters ; fo that we may lay of 
 Kingdoms, as the Scripture fpeaks of Mankind, that 
 They fee as it were a Shadow, and never can tin us in 
 6V;.-- Stay. 
 
 The fame Incvnflancy is likewife to be obferved in 
 the Opinions of Mankind, and the Practices of diffe- 
 rent Parties ; who will be found, upon ftricl Exami- 
 nation, to ftiift Sides, and mutually interchange their 
 Meafures, together with their Principles, in certain 
 Courfei and Revolutions of Years. 
 
 Nothing is more evident from the whole Tenour of 
 the New Teftament, from the \VritIngs of the primi- 
 tive Fathers, and the Confent of heathen Antiquity, 
 than that the Chriilian Faith tVas nrll promulgated r^s 
 a G of pel of Peace ; and ordained, by its divine Found- 
 der, to be propagated only by Perfuajion and gentle 
 Methods, in the fame Manner that he had inftituted it, 
 and proceeded to propagate it, whilit on Earth ; but it 
 is equally certain, that the Chriftian Religion was no 
 fooner eflabliflied by thefe gentle Meafures, and had 
 -brought the temporal Towers into its Intereft, than her 
 .corrupted .Followers, elated with Succefs, began to de- 
 viate from th Example and Precepts of their great 
 Matter, by turning the Engines of this World againft 
 Thofe, who did not immediately own the Light of the 
 Gofpel, and fatmgvup the Swrd of the Flejb, in O;*- 
 pofition to the Sword of the Spirit j which our blefled 
 Lord had appointed to be the only Weapon made ufe 
 of in the Caufe of his Religion. 
 
 On the other hand, the Jmpofture of Mahomet, 
 
 which was firft founded in Blood, and propagated by 
 
 the Weapons of this World, feems to be grown a pa- 
 
 I cifick
 
 fi ?ht CRATSTMAN. N 9 17, 
 
 cifick Religion, and to fupport itfelf by the fame Me- 
 thods, by which Cbrijlianitj was firft eftabliflied. We 
 leldom hear of any Perfections fet on Foot in thofc 
 Countries on a religious Account ; nor do we find in 
 their Hiftories any great Maflacres, Crufadces, and 
 coniecrated Butcheries- committed there, for the Pro- 
 pagation of their Faith, fince the firft Eftablilhment of 
 it by thofe Meafures ; but, on the contrary, Tfeey 
 feem to allow of great Liberties in Matters of Religi- 
 on, and to grant a free Toleration" to all Sedls of Chri- 
 ftians, for the Exercife of their Faith, upon no very 
 iiard and unreafonable Terms. 
 
 In this Refped, therefore, the Cbrijiians and Ma- 
 hometans feem to have changed Sides ; and however 
 They may continue the fame in Points of Faith, (which 
 perhaps might alfo be difputed) They certainly run 
 counter to their rcfpe&ive Leaders, and mutualry de- 
 part from the Examples, which They left them, for 
 the Propagation of their different Faiths. I need not 
 obferve on which Side the Advantage lies ; nor put the 
 Reader in mind who have changed for the better ; but 
 .fhall only take Notice, that all Chriftian Perfecutions, 
 as well as every Species and Degree of them, on Ac- 
 count of Religion, are heighten'd with this Aggrava- 
 tion, that they are direftly oppofite to the plaineft Di- 
 reflicns, as well as the Example of our blefled Lord* 
 whereas the Deviation of 'Mahometans, from Force and 
 Severity to Lenity and Moderation, feems to be unat- 
 tended with any pofitive Injunction of their Leader to 
 the contrary. 
 
 The fame ViciJ/ttutfes may be alfo traced in civil 
 .Affairs, and the Conduft of political Faftions-', whofc 
 Principles and Opinions will be found to revolve in 
 certain Periods ; and, by imperceptible Degree?, fix in 
 oppofite Extremes. The Minds ot the moft rigid Par- 
 tifans and State-Bigots are fubjeft to the {ame Revolu- 
 tions with other Men, and fluctuate from one Opinion 
 to another, in the feme Manner that Matter appears 
 
 under
 
 K* 17. fke CRAFTSMAN. pp 
 
 under different Shapes, and pafles through a Variety 
 of the moil oppofite Forms. This is a notorious and 
 undeniable Truth ; of which every Man w ill foon be 
 convinced, who looks narrowly into the Hiftories of 
 all Countries, and takes a ftricl Survey of the feveral 
 Parties, which have prevailed in them ; of their Pro- 
 feffions, Conduct, and the Meafures, on which they 
 have proceeded for feveral Years together, under dif- 
 ferent Circumltances, and in different Situations, ac- 
 cording as They have prevailed, or been overpowered 
 by oppofite Factions. 
 
 Of all Nations in the World, the Englijb is moil re- 
 markable for its Ficklenefs and Inclination to change. 
 We are always in a Flux of Opiivons, and never con- 
 tinue fixed in any long together ; which is the Reafon 
 that we have undergone fo many Shocks, Convulfions, 
 and Viciffitudes in our Conftitution ; perhaps more 
 than any other People whatfoever. Whether this pro- 
 ceeds from that Liberty which we enjoy beyond 
 other Nations ; or from the natural Inftability of our 
 Climate, (as fome have imagined) feems to me a need- 
 lefs Enquiry ; but it may not be improper to give * 
 remarkable Inftance or two of wliat I have been {peak- 
 ing 
 
 To go no farther back than the Reign of King 
 Charles I. The two gre.it Factions, which t th_t 
 Time divided the Kingdom, were the Puritans and the 
 Cburfb-Party,-ihe farmer of whom diftinguiflicd thetr.- 
 felves by their laudable Zealagainft the exorbitant Mea- 
 fures of the Court ; the Incroachments of the Prerogative ; 
 and manifold Invafions of the Liberties of the Subject 
 both in Church and State ; of all which Grievances 
 they demanded a Redrefs, and delired that Matter* 
 might be fettled on a better Foot for the future. On 
 the other hand, the Church-Party or Rqalifts went 
 fervilely into the Projefts of the Court, and undertook 
 to maintain the Grandeur of the prerogative againlt 
 1: 2. what:
 
 roo The CRAFTSMAN. N 1 7. 
 
 what they called the republican Scliemes and De- 
 mands of the Puritans. But as foon as an End 
 was put to thefe unhappy Cor.tefts by the prevailing 
 Strer.gth of one Party, and the tragical Death of that 
 r.nfortunate Prince, Things immediately took another 
 Turn. The victorious Puritans began to opprefs in 
 the fame manner with Thofe, whom they had fub- 
 dued ; and the humbled RoyalijJs, in imitation of 
 their old Antigoniils, grew very clamorous Advocates 
 for the Rights and Immunities of the People. 
 
 At the Reparation, the Tables were turned again 
 The R-^alifts, under the new Denomination of Ca- 
 valiers, or the Court-Party, and afterwards of Tories, 
 refumed their old Spirit of exalting the Prerogative, 
 when they were ag\in exalted in Power ; and the 
 Puritans, now called the Country Party or Round- 
 Heads, and fometirne afterwards Whigs, became ones 
 more the popular Advocates and Sticklers for Li- 
 berty. 
 
 Since that Time, thofe two great Bodies have fe- 
 veral Times chopp'd about, and reciprocally changed 
 Sides, juft as their Leaders have happened to be in 
 or out of Power. 
 
 I believe, it would be no hard Matter to prove, 
 both from Hiftory and Reafon, that great Numbers 
 of Men, who now flourifh in Wealth and Favour, 
 under the gracious Denomination of ftanch Wkigs* 
 would, for the fame Aftions, have been efteemed ar- 
 rant Tories about flrty Years ngo ; and that others 
 are branded with the odious Appellation of Tories un- 
 der this Government, for the fame Prafticcs, by 
 which the Whig-Party made themfelves popular in 
 f.-'-ucr Reigns. 
 
 I defign, in fome future Paper, to preterit the 
 Reader with 'a Syitem of <in:ift>.t 1Vb:r"(fa, ?-s if 
 flood in the Reign 'of King Claries II. in Oppofi'tioti 
 t.o the Sydem and Me.ifurei of the Tcrles ; from 
 
 whence
 
 K 17. #fo CRAFTSMAN. 101 
 
 whence our modem Whigs may judge of their own 
 Likenefs to the Whigs of thofe Times, and deter- 
 mine how far They may think it proper to recognize 
 the Principles and Pradtices of their PredecefTors. 
 
 In the mean Time, the Reader will draw this In- 
 ference from what I have already obferved ; that it 
 is Time to caft off the Delufions of Party, and to 
 be no longer fatisfied with NAM E s inftead of TH INGS. 
 Let us aft like wife Men ; and remember that Li- 
 berty is the fame divine Blefling, whether it be dif- 
 penfed to us under a Whig or a Tory Adminiftration ; 
 and that arbitrary Power, or any Degree of it, can- 
 not alter its Nature ; but is equally pernicious, and 
 equally deftruftive of the Sritijb Oonflitution, by 
 \vhatfoever Hands, or under whatfoever Shapes, it 
 mail be impofed on us. The Effefts will be equally- 
 felt, though the Means may be artfully concealed. 
 And it farther deferves our Consideration, that al- 
 though this Evil is equally mifchievous, as to its real 
 Eft'efts, by whomfoever it is obtruded on us ; yet it" 
 receives fome Aggravation, and becomes circumftan- 
 tially more grievous, when it is introduced under the 
 Difguife, and by the pretended Champions of Liberty ; 
 becaufe, in that Cafe, the Invafion of our "Rights is 
 attended with the grofleft Affront on our Underftand- 
 ings ; and we are treated, at the fame Time, like Cbil- 
 fan, as well as Slaves. 
 
 I 3
 
 102 
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N ( 18. 
 
 1 8. Ttiefday^ -February j. 
 
 Novo SPLENDORE refurgit. 
 
 - T has been often obferved, and particu- 
 larly in a late famous EN o^y i RY, that 
 Satire is eafier than Pratfe ; which can 
 h.ive no other meaning, than that thofc 
 Men, on whom Prnife is commonly 
 bellowed, are, for the moft part, fo 
 corrupt, and guilty of fo many vile and unworthy 
 AcYions, that it requires a very nice and mafterly Ad- 
 drefs to form a Panegyritk in fuch a Manner, that the 
 geneiality of Readers ftull not underftand the Au- 
 thor in an ironical Senfe, and take his unj:ift Compli- 
 ment for Banter, Grimace, and Ridicule. When 
 therefore it is faid, that Satire is eafier than Praife, 
 we can only infer, that the Pravity of human Na- 
 ture affords us more Topieks for one than for the other ; 
 and when we are told, that it is very difficult to be- 
 llow Praife, it muft be underftood of thofe Panegy- 
 rijis, whofe Bufmefs it is to varnifti over Vice, and 
 lavifh their Encomiums on unworthy Qbjefts ; for 
 Pliny very juftly obferyes, in his excellent Pancgyrick 
 on that good Prince, whom he celebrates, that it i's 
 an eafy Task to return Thanks to ons, who deferves 
 them ; fince as every Man is witnefs of his Virtues, 
 fe no Body can fufpefi that the Author is not in eirncft. 
 
 * This Paper was pub/ifo'd after the Sufpenjion of the 
 Craftfman for about a Week ; occafion'd by the 
 Taking up of Mr. Amhurir, Mr. Francklin, and 
 itbtr Ptrfons, fup^Qid' to bt concerned in it. 
 
 Merentt
 
 N 1 8. < fbe C R A F T s M AN. 103 
 
 Merenti Gratias agere facile eft, P.itres confcriptti. 
 Non cnim periculum eft tie, cam loquar de Humanitate* 
 exprobrari fibi f'iperbiam credat ; quum de Frugalitate, 
 Luxtiriam ', quum de dementia, Crudelit item ; quum 
 de Liberalitate, A: ar ilium ; quum de Benignitate, 
 Liv rem ;- quum de C ntlnentia, Libid^nem ; quum de 
 Lahore, Inert am ; quum de Fort;t : 'dine, Timtrem. 
 
 This gives me an Opportunity of difcourfing upon 
 Irony, Innuendoes, and don 1 le Meanings ; which, I 
 hope, cannot be thought unfeafonable at this Time ; 
 when fome Perfons, pufh'd on by a mercenary, offi. 
 cious Zeal, without Knowledge or Judgment, have 
 endeavoured to explain my Writings, by thefe myfte- 
 rious Methods, into a Libel upon the Miniftry ; 
 are calling upon the f<eailar Arm to juftify their Ab- 
 furdi ties; and, by falfe Informations, have drawn an 
 innocent Gentleman into my Quarrel. 
 
 I am confident that every Man will acquit me of 
 fuch a Defign, who knows what Irony means ; and 
 that it is a Figure in Rhetorick, made ufe of to ri- 
 dicule any Perfon, by praiung him for Qualities, of 
 which he is known to be deflitute, or for ihe Con- 
 traries of which he is remarkable. Thus when a 
 common Strumpet is extoll'd for her Chality ; a De- 
 bauchee for his Temperance ; or a corrupt Minifter of 
 State for his difinterefted Love of his Country; the 
 Irony holds good, and every Body underftands tlie Au- 
 thor's meaning as well as if it had been exprefs'd in 
 the'plaineft Terms. But where would be the Irony, 
 or the Satire, in calling Lucretia chaile, Ceefar va- 
 liant, or Cato juft ? Would not the World believe 
 fuch a Mm in earneft ; or laugh at his Fa. ly and Im- 
 potence ? It could not therefore be my Defign, 
 
 in any of the preceding Papers, to aiperfe the prefent 
 Adminiftration, in an ironicr.l Manner, without being 
 guilty of fo great a Weaknefs as to imagine,, that I 
 ould jmpofe Characters upon the World, of which,
 
 IO4 ^CRAFTSMAN. N 18. 
 
 Thofe Gentlemen are a living and exemplary Confu- 
 tation. 
 
 Tarn Cure my Writings do not give the leaft Handle 
 for fuch an Imputation. I am ready to inter the 
 Lifts with any of my Enemies upon this occafion. 
 Nay, I will DEFY the wrft of them to ftand forth, 
 acd produce one Paflage, where the Name of any 
 Man in Power is mentioned with the leaft mew of 
 Difrefpeft. But if they will charge me with double 
 Meanings and Defegns, which my Soul abhors ; if 
 they will apply anonymous, ill Characters to their Pa- 
 trons ; and, when any general Strokes of Satire oc- 
 cur, will cry, This is all aim'd at ****** or 
 ***** or ******* I- hope j ftall not be an . 
 
 fwerable (at leaft in the Opinion of thbfe honourable 
 Gentlemen] for the Malice or Ignorance of fuch In- 
 terpreters. 
 
 I fuppofe it will be granted, that there have been 
 and, perhaps, that there ftill are fome wicked, igno- 
 rant and corrupt Men, who have met with undeferved ; 
 Preferment in Great -Britain, as well as in other 
 Countries ; which however ought to be no Reproach 
 upon any Government ; becaufe it is what the belt 
 Management, Care and Circumfpeclion cannot al- 
 ways prevent. The Land of Liberty, the Seat of 
 Learning, the Nuriery of Heroet, the Favourite of 
 Heaven, even this NOW kappy and envied Nat ion - 
 (as the Author of the Enquiry very juftly calls it) 19 
 not exempt from wortblefs and mifcbievovs Members, 
 whofe Principles and Praftices* if not defeated, tend 
 
 to its Definition. -Agsinft Thefe I have drawn - 
 
 my Pen j and againft Thefe only. What is there in 
 all This, to fix upon me the fevere Imputation of re- 
 flecting upon great, powerful and virtuous Men ? 
 Many bitter Thing? have I uttered, from the un- 
 feigned Indignation of my Heart, againft ambitious* 
 ttrrvpt Statefmt* ', tyr annual OJjters > ar^d treacbe- 
 2 reas
 
 N i8. -The CRAFTSMAN. 105- 
 
 rous Guardians of popular Liberty > againft tinjvft 
 Stewards, Embezzlers, or Squanderers of publick 
 Money ; againft Stockjobbers, Plunderers and E N- 
 GROSSERS ; againft Men, who rnve too much 
 Cunning in Office, and Men, who have tco little ; 
 
 againft State Harpies and political 'Blunderers. 
 
 f. an any Body, without the moft apparent Folly or 
 Impudence, calls this a Libel upon the Minijiry ', wha 
 are ally';//? Stewards > gracious Magiftrates; uncsrrupt 
 Adminiftrators of publick Money ; endued with a pro- 
 per Mixture of the Serpent, and the Innocence of the 
 Dove ; and, in every Part of their Chr.rafters, quite 
 the contrary to what I have endeavoured to expofe ? 
 
 Let Thofe therefore, who truly deferve it, bear 
 their Drfpleafure ; Thofe, who, by explaining inno- 
 cent Meanings into Scandal, and by drawing imagina- 
 ry Parallels, have proftituted their great Names in 
 the Mouths of Libertines and Buffoons. 
 
 The Reader will obferve, from what I have already 
 faid, that my prefent Defign is to wipe off a falfe Ac- 
 cufation, which might do my Character a great deal 
 of Prejudice, and not to bedaub them with naufeous 
 Panegyrick, which cannot pojjibly do their Reputation 
 any Good. 
 
 Thus much I thought necefiary to fpeak on the 
 prefent Occafion ; though I am fenfible that feme Per- 
 fons would have chofen to be filent ; but I had 
 rather, at any Time, do a juft Thing, than a popular 
 or profitable one ; and when I' lie under the leaft Im- 
 putation of having injured any worthy Gentlemen in 
 their Reputation, efpecially my Superiors, I think 
 my felf obliged, in Duty both to them and my felf, 
 to remove all Grounds of fuch a Sufpicion,and Hop the 
 Influence it may have upon weak Minds. 
 
 I' flatter my felf that I have fufficiently done This; 
 and that, for the future, no- : gre'at Man will be pre- 
 vai'ed on to entertain an ill Opinion of me, by the 
 falfe Reprefentation of any rnifchief-making Perfons, 
 
 who
 
 tfhe CR A F T s M AN. N 18.. 
 
 who (I am well convinced) will fpare no Pains to 
 create a Mifunderftanding between us- 
 
 All that I can add more upon this Head is, that as 
 I always had an Efteem for Men in Authority, fuita- 
 ble to their Merit ; fo I will let flip no Opportunities 
 of difplaying it to the World by the molt publick and 
 open Marks of Refpeft and Veneration. 
 
 Prima dicJe mibi, fumma dicende Camcena. 
 
 Having cleared my Way thus far, methinks I find 
 my felf wonderfully eafy in my Confcience, and in a 
 Difpofition to proceed with great Chearfulnefs and 
 Alacrity in the Profecution of this Undertaking. 
 
 I deftgn, in a fhort Time, to confider the Cafe of 
 Irony and Innuendoes in a judicial Light ; and how 
 far a forced, diftant, or inverted Conftruftion of any 
 Sentence is confiftent with common Equity and the 
 Liberties of this Nation, when a piain, natural and 
 tbvious Meaning is ready at Hand. 
 
 In the mean Time, the Publick will give me leave 
 to allure them, that, as long as the Liberty of the 
 Pre/s flourifhes in any Degree; of which we have- 
 no Reafon to doubt under this mofl excellent Admini- 
 ftration ; as long as the Habeas Corpus Adi remains- 
 ttnrepealed or unfafpended ', the former of which, I 
 hope, will never come to pafs ; and I can fee no Occa- 
 iion, at prefent, for the latter ; as long as there is one 
 Printer^ Bookfel/er or Publi/her in Lyndon or Weft- 
 minfter, who mall not be intimidated to proceed in 
 this Undertaking ; f am refolved not to defift, till I 
 have compleated my Defign ; and if, through any 
 want of Skill in Language, and Unhappinefs in Style j 
 or by the Querks, Subtleties, and nice DifHn&ions of 
 State-Lawyers, I mould be underftood in any Senfe 
 contrary to my own Meaning, as well as tq the Laws ; 
 I {hall readily fubmit to any Hardfliips, which I may 
 fuffer on that Account, and clofc this dark Evening of 
 a long and laborious Life, but ill-requited for all my 
 
 paft-
 
 N 18. The CRAFTSMAN. 107 
 
 paft endeavoured Services, by giving up myfelf as a 
 Sacrifice to the Refentments of Power, Pride and Am- 
 bition ; contenting myfelf with this Reflection, 
 that I have always purfucd what I thought the true 
 Interelt of his facred Majefty King GEGRGE, his il- 
 luftrious Royal Family, and the Welfare of GREAT 
 BRITAIN. &. 
 
 A D V E R T I SE M E N T. 
 
 In a fhort Time will be publifh'd, 
 
 A New METKO D ^CONTROVERSY; Or, 
 An tafy Way ^/SHORTNINC Debates, by allowing only 
 one Side to Jmbhjb their Thoughts. Printed for T. W. 
 in Pater-noftcr Row. By whom mill be likewife pub- 
 lijbed at the fame Time, 
 
 T-be MONITOR Extraordinary ; containing 
 fame FARTHER Reafons for abolijhing the Liberty of 
 the Prefs } in which the Arguments of all the WHIG 
 Writers, ancient and modern, en this Subjeft, will be 
 entirely confuted. 
 
 !-'--, . !! 
 
 Friday,
 
 io8 
 
 The CRAFTS MAN. N ip. 
 
 N 19. Friday , February ia 
 
 Si Te Pr'ip'-fitl nondum pudet, alque eadem eft mens, 
 Ut lorafumma pates alien a vivere quadra ; 
 Si poles jlla pati, qu<s nee Sarmentus iniquas 
 Casfaris ad men/as, nee z'ilis Gabba tuliffet, 
 Quamvis jui ato metuam Tibi credere Tefti. Juv. 
 
 O thing can adminifter more Relief from 
 the Pain, which Thole of a generous 
 Mind feel, upon feeing worthlefs Tools 
 advanced and preferred to Men of real 
 y.erit, than the fordid Dependance and 
 vile Sabferviency, to which they are 
 obliged to fubmit. \Vhen a Wretch, without Merit 
 or Parts, finds Favour i? the Eyes of a great Man, and 
 is taken .into his Service, he muft become an abfolute 
 Creature to his Will, and ftick at nothing to carry on 
 his Defigns ; for it was on this Account only, that he 
 was promoted above Men. of Virtue and Underftand- 
 ing. He murt affert Falfhoods, maintain Abfurdities, 
 and reconcile Contradiclions. He muft be a Pimp, a 
 Paralite, and a Buffoon, as Occalion requires. He 
 muft jump over Sticks, and lick up the Spittle of his 
 Matter. He muft lie, ("wear, fuborn and betray. He 
 muft have no Opinions nor Confcience of his own. 
 His Paffions and Appetites muft be always under Com- 
 mand J and his Heart and his Tongue move only by 
 Diredion. In fhort, he muft be as mechanical as a 
 Clock or a Puppst ; acquiring That by Habit, which is 
 Necejjity in them j but above all, he muft be conftant-
 
 N 19. ?*be CRAFT s M AN. 109 
 
 ly ready at a dirty Job, and take it as a particular Ho- 
 nour to be concern'd in Actions, which deferve the 
 Gallows. Nay, he will fometimes find himfelf obliged 
 to mortify a corrupt Heart, and thwart a mifchievous 
 Diipcfition, by being employ'd in the Caufe of Truth, 
 Virtue, Honeity and Juilice, whenever they happen 
 to ilrike in with the Views and Intereft of his nob'e 
 Patron. 
 
 It is very pleafant to obferve the Conduct of tb'j'e 
 Men, when they have a bad Caufe to palliate, or ibme 
 neceflary Falfliood to defend ; to fee how the poor 
 Creatures are forced to duffle, evade and prevaricate; 
 how they will bob, turn and double like an hunted 
 Hare, till they are driven to the lilt wretched >Sh:fts 
 of appealing to Authority and making it Treajon to 
 difpute or expofe their Abfurditiet ; tho' at the fame 
 Time ( which makes it ftill more diverting ) they ge- 
 nerally aflure us that, as for themfelves, they are per- 
 fectly unprejudiced, and fpeak without any Attachment 
 to Parties or Perfons. 
 
 If you ask their Opinion of any publick Trarfatti- 
 cn, or of a new Book, which has any Thing of a poli- 
 tical Nature interfpers'd in it, they will either totally 
 decline any Anfwer, till they have a proper Cue given, 
 them j or hsefitate,- fhrug up their Shoulders and de- 
 mur. If you prefs them farther, they will look round 
 them very circumfpeclly on every Side, to fee that no 
 fufpicious Perfon is near, who may happen to catch an 
 unwary Word out of their Mouths, and carry it to 
 their Mafteu. If They find thit the Coaft is clear, 
 perhaps they will vouchsafe to favour you with a te- 
 dious, long-winded Period, in the Form of an Anfwer, 
 d/opt out by Piece-meal, Word after Word, in the 
 moil cautious and deliberate Manner ; keeping up your 
 Attention with broken Sentences, Supi-ofitions, and 
 dark Intimations, fill'd up with wife Nods, Winks, 
 and political Grimaces, for half an Hour together ; 
 and, at length, leaving you to conclude, either that 
 K thej
 
 no T'he CRAFT s MAN. N 157. 
 
 they underftand no! h ing of the Matter, or elfc dare not 
 truft you with their real Opinion. 
 
 I ftepped, one Day lafl Week, into a Coffee- houfe 
 ne<ir Covent-Garden ', where I found a Knot of thefe 
 abjedl Creatures in difpute with another Set of Men, 
 who feem'd to be more difinterefled. Their Difcourfe 
 tum'd on a certain worthy Gentleman, who had very 
 much encumber'd his Eftate by feveral vexatious Law- 
 fuits, and the bad Management of his principal Ser- 
 vants. 
 
 Both Parties profefled an equal Refpeft for him ; but 
 one of Thofe, who feem'd to be moft heartily and 
 truly his Friends, began to bewail his Circumftances, 
 and hoped that the Experience of his paft Conduct 
 would induce him to retrench his Expences ; to live 
 jnore neighbourly ; and endeavour by Frugality to re- 
 cover his Affairs. To which one of the Creatures re- 
 ply'd, with Some Vehemence, that he was of a diffe- 
 rent Opinion, and thought the bell way for his Friend 
 to get out of Debt, was to borrow more Money ; live 
 juft in the fame Manner ; keep the fame Servants ; and 
 go to Law with every Man, who gave him the leaft 
 
 Provocation. The Company began to flare at 
 
 This ; upon which, faid he, I know, Gentlemen, that 
 this Afiertion may feem foinewhat odd to thofe Per- 
 ions, who are not thoroughly acquainted with thefe 
 jSubjcfts, and have not accuflomed themfelves to this 
 Manner of Reafcning ; but I will undertake to de- 
 monftrate the Juftnefs of it to the meaneft Capacity ; 
 whereupon he call'd for a Pen and Ink, and fcrawl'd 
 over a Sheet of Paper, with Figures, Schemes, and 
 Calculations ; by which means he puzzled the Under- 
 flandings of the Company in fo maflerly a Wanner, 
 that his Opponents were obliged to give up the Point, 
 and drop the Difpute. 
 
 This made him proceed with more Freedom and 
 Alacrity, by affuring us that ic was undeniably a great 
 Advantage to any Gentleman to be in debt, and mort- 
 gage
 
 N 1 9. tfke CRAFTSMAN, ill 
 
 gige his Eiiate ; becaufe, faid he, it keeps thofe Per- 
 ions, who lend the Money, in a conftant pependance 
 on him, who borrwf it ; and ftrengthens the Title to 
 his Eft.ite, by lodging his Securities in otbe* Hands. 
 
 The lame Gentleman was pleas' d to oblbrve, that 
 the Pradice of STOCK-JOBBING, as it feems to be efta- 
 blifhed in this Kingdom, was one of the greatelt 
 Bleilings, which a Nation can enjoy ; as it makes Mo- 
 ney circulate, by confining it to a few Hands ; en- 
 courages Trade; promotes Indujlry ; and is of great 
 Advantage to the woollen Manufacture. 
 
 He told us farther, that the belt Form of Govern- 
 ment in the World is That, where the moft abfolute 
 and unlimited Confidence is repofed, not in the Prince 
 himfelf (which has been a common Error in Politicks ) 
 but in his Minifters ; and he did not fcruple to afiert 
 that England always profper'd moft, and made the 
 greateft Figure under thofe Reigns, in which the 
 PRIME-MINISTERS have been known to prefide over 
 their SOVEREIGNS. 
 
 I was quite thunder-ftruck with fuch extraordinary 
 Maxims, and went away full of Admiration of our 
 northern MACHIAVEL. 
 
 Now I am upon this Subject, I muft not forget to 
 take Notice with what great Dexterity thefe Gentle- 
 men can invert their Opinions, and chop about with 
 every Breath of State-Wind ; for it is one of the main 
 Branches of their Duty, not only to fay any thing to 
 ferve a Turn ; but likewife, if it be found expedient, to 
 ua/ay it again and maintain the other fide of the Que- 
 ftion, with equal Confidence and Vigour ; a Part, 
 which I have often had the Pleafure to fee them aft, 
 with the utmoft Facility, and without any Marks of 
 Shame or Remorfe. 
 
 I need not go far back for Inftances of This. Al- 
 
 moft every Body can remember the Time, when an 
 
 Alliance between Britain and France was reprefented, 
 
 by certain Gentlemen) as the moft unnatural Conjunc- 
 
 K 2 tion
 
 xt a V%e CRAFTSMAN. N ip. 
 
 tion in the World. It cannot be fcrgot what Pains 
 were tiken to demonftrate This from the very Cli- 
 tnate and Situation of the Country ; from the Genius, 
 Manners, Trade, and MnnufaSlures of the People ; but, 
 above all, from that old, innate, hereditary Enmity, 
 which they have been found to bear to this Nation. 
 Nay, they went fo far as to brand the.n by wholefale 
 as a profligate Race of Men, who were incapable of 
 Friend jbip and Fidelity to any of their Neighbours. 
 The bina fides of France was become as proverbial as 
 the Punick Faith of old, and efteemed a fort of Para- 
 dox in Politicks ; infomuch, that it was judg'd un r a r 
 to put any Confidence in their moft folemn AfTurances. 
 I could not, at that Time, approve of fuch, general 
 Reproaches on a brave and great Kingdom, which I 
 looked on as too violent and partial ; and I blefs Gcd 
 for fparing my Life fo long, as to fee thefe zealous Pa- 
 triots convinced of their Miitake, and fully fathfy'd 
 that the French Nation is capable of being a true and 
 faithful Ally to Great Britain- 
 
 But we may ftill bring this Affair much nearer to 
 the prefent Times What was more talk'd of, about a 
 Year ago, than the formidable Strength of the King of 
 PruJJta ? We were told, by fome Perfons, that he had 
 fuch a numerous and powerful Army on Footj fo well 
 officer'd and difciplin'd ; that he was almoftyTff^/y able 
 to meet the Emperor in the Field ? What his Majefty 
 of PruJJta has done fince to forfeit the good Opinion 
 of thefe Gentlemen, I know not ; but it is plain that 
 their Language is ftrangely alter'd of late. Indeed 
 they ftill own that he has a large Army ; but then it is 
 chiefly compofed of forced Men ; is fo ill f aid ; and 
 there is fuch Danger of their revolting, "that his Af- 
 fiflance is now fcarce worth our Acceptance. 
 
 On the other hand, Gibraltar feem'd to lofe Ground, 
 at the fame Time that his Pruffian Majelly flouriflVd 
 in their Efteem ; for it is well known wba were in- 
 duftrious, about a Year ago, in reprefenting that For- 
 
 trefs,
 
 N 19. 7&* CRAFTSMAN. 113, 
 
 trefs, efpecialiy in the City, of much left, Importance- 
 than it was generally efteem'd ; but now Things are 
 quire alter'd. The King of Prttffia is grown inconji- 
 derable ; and Gibraltar is thought of the utmoft Con- 
 fequence to Great Britain. 
 
 The fame almoft may be faid of the Oflend Trade 
 which has been alternately reprefented as a Matter of 
 very great and of no Importance, at different Times, 
 for fome Years paft. It is certain that, at one Time,. 
 ten tboufand Pt/unds was efteemed too high a Purchafe 
 of it. But, I think, the Abolition of it is now ge- 
 nerally allow'd to be of very great Importance to tfcc. 
 EaJl-India Company. 
 
 Before I conclude, it is proper to abferve, that 
 thefe time-ferving Wretches form all their Notions 
 of Mankind, according as they are in or out of Fa. 
 vour with their Patrons. For this Reafon, it is no 
 uncommon Thing to hear a Man extoll'd in their 
 Difcourfes as an Angel one Day, and degraded into 
 a Dnemon the next. Not only his Probity, but his 
 Abilities alfo, which were before universally acknow- 
 ledged, fliall immediately Icflen in their Eyes, and 
 fhrink up like a Gourd, as loon as the Influence of the 
 Court Sun is withdrawn from them. Experience e- 
 very Day gives us fufficient Proof of This j whkh i& 
 fo true, that I remember, about fix Years ago, JL 
 happened to be in a publick Coffee-houfe, where I 
 heard one of the great eft Oratort of the Age, who 
 was at that Time under a little Cloud, reprefented, 
 with the general Approbation of the Company, as a 
 mere Eabler. 
 
 It is farther obfervable, that wnen any Perfon, from 
 a true Zeal for his King and Country, thinks himfelf 
 obliged to oppofe the wicked Views of great Men, 
 thefe abandoned Proftitotes ajre always ready with the 
 cry of DifafeSion, ill Dejtgns, Change of Principles , 
 Dif appointments and Revenge > which they would 
 have regarded as a full Anfwer to the ftrongeft Rea- 
 K 3 fon
 
 M4 TheCp. A FT s M AN. N 19. 
 
 fops and Reprefentations j for judging of others by 
 their own fordid Views, they think it impoffible for 
 any Man to be actuated by any other Principles than 
 Setf-'Inttreff', Ambition m Refentment. 
 
 By thefe Means they hope to difcoumenance Truth, 
 and bring Publick-fpiritednefs and Patrictlfm into con- 
 tempt- 
 
 But fuch kind of Reproaches come very awkardly 
 out of their Mouths at prefent ; fince they were fo 
 lately confuted by the Praftice and Example of ONE, 
 (whofe Authority, with Them at leaft, is undifputed) 
 who, within the Memory of almoft every Child, did 
 himfelf take the Liberty to difient from his Superi- 
 ors, in the moft publick, violent, and ( I might fay) 
 outragious Manner ; and, fpeaking, at that Time, like 
 a Country Gentleman, exclaim'd very loudly againft 
 fach Refleflions as unjuft, unparliamentary, and tend- 
 ing only to eftablifh an abfolute Depen dance on the 
 COURT. 
 
 What I have faid, on this Head, can only relate to 
 bad Minifters and unworthy Dependants ; for a great 
 Man, who has nothing but the Good of his Country 
 at Heart, has no Octafion for fuch fools, and would 
 fcorn to make ufe of them ; from whence it is natural 
 to infer, that we may, at any Time, in a great Mea- 
 fure, judge of the Defigns of State/men from the Fa- 
 vourites they chufe, and the Inftrumenti they employ. 
 
 D. 
 
 Monday,
 
 N 20. The CRAFTS MAN. 
 
 N 20. Mo u day y February 13. 
 
 Ploravere fuis nan refpondere Favorem 
 Speratum meritis. HOR. 
 
 S it is very melancholy to confider the 
 great Decay of Learning, which is, at 
 prefent, univerfally complain'd of j fo 
 nothing can be more provoking, than 
 to hear the forry Excufe, which is made 
 for it, by imputing it to want of En- 
 couragement ; a Pretence fo falfe and idle, that it can 
 proceed from nothing but the Unwillingnefs of all 
 Men to acknowledge their own Deficiencies ; which 
 makes them apologize, in this ridiculous Manner, for 
 the prefent Dearth of Wit and Learning, by the 
 pretended want of Patronage and Favour. 
 
 They endeavour to impofe this Aflertion upon u? 
 for Truth, by telling us that polite Literature is a 
 tender fort of Plant, which moots up and flourishes, 
 whilft it feels the warm, enlivening Beams of the Sun ; 
 but pines, languifhes and dies, when it is left in the 
 Shade. 
 
 Now, though This mould be admitted to be true, 
 as much as it contradifts an old Maxim, that Wtti are 
 always born fo ; yet the Inference, which they draw 
 from it, in Defence of our modern Dulnefs and Stu- 
 pidity, is fo notorioufly falfe and unjuft, that nothing 
 but the great Regard, which I have for fome Men in 
 Power, could induce me to confute it in this pub- 
 lick Manner. 
 
 Indeed, for my part, I am fully againft the eld 
 Proverb^ and iirmly believe that the Smiles and Fa- 
 vour
 
 il6 fbe CRAFTS MAN. N 20* 
 
 * 
 
 vour of a Court tend as naturally to promote Learn- 
 ing, and excite the Induftry of Mankind in cultivating 
 their Parts, as the Influence of the Sun does to ripen 
 and improve the Fruits of the Earth. As ridiculous 
 as This may feem to fome People, yet Thcfe, who 
 have had as much Experience as my felf, and have 
 made the fame Obfer. at : ons, which I have done, will 
 find that it generally holds true. For this Reafon, it 
 is my Opinion, that nothing can be a greater Encou- 
 ragement to ufeful Learnirg of all Kinds, than to fee 
 Men of great Abilities and liberal Underftandings pla- 
 ced at the Head of Affairs, in all the great Employ- 
 ments of the Kingdom ; who, to (hew their own 
 good Senfe, will fill up the inferiour Offices, which 
 are in their difpofal, with Perfons of known Ability, 
 Merit and Service ; and always prefer fuch a Man to 
 one, who comes to them with no Qualifications or 
 Prctenfions whatfoever, unlefs it be a round Sum of 
 Monty, or the Interest of fome near Relation, who is 
 perhaps as worthlefs a Tool as himfelf, 
 
 WHEN Things are feen to go on in this Manner, 
 it fpreads an Air of Chearfulnefs and Satisfaction 
 over the Face of a Kingdom ; gives Life and Vigour 
 to the Induflry of its Inhabitants ; and quickens the 
 Application of all Thofe, who have no other Way 
 to diitinguifti themfelves in their Country, than by 
 Worth, Capacity, and Knowledge. 
 
 And though, even under fuch a juft and impartial 
 Diftribution of national Favours, fome would be dill 
 left to repine under Difappointments and fancy'd Neg- 
 lect, becaufeno Government is large enough to fatis- 
 fy the Neceffities and Expectations of all j yet it 
 would, in a great Meafure, filence their Murmurings 
 and Complaints, when they faw this Method obferv- 
 ed, of always having a Regard to Merit, and could 
 not object that Fools or unde Serving Creatures were ad- 
 vanced above Them. 
 
 Whereas,
 
 N 20. fhe CRAFTSMAN. 117 
 
 Whereas, when the contrary Method prevails ; 
 when no Regard is had, in the Difpofkion of Offices 
 and Favours, to the Fifnefs or Unjitnffi of Men ; 
 when Ability, Merit, and former Services are of no 
 Weight in the Scale ; when all ufeful Arts and x cien- 
 ces are held in Contempt ; when the Mufes pir.e in 
 Obfcurity, and Learning is look'd on as a Difqualifica- 
 tion, rather than a valuable Endowment ; when, in 
 fhort, the Favours of great Men are heaped only on 
 Themfelves, their own Relations and immediate De- 
 pendants j when all Places of Trait, Honour, and 
 Profit center in two or three Families at moft: ; when 
 Penfions, Prefents, Grants, Patents and Reverfions 
 are either fold or engrrffd ; and every thing runs in 
 the fame foul Channel of Corruption and Self-Inter eft l 
 then, I fay, Men of Merit and Ability have juft Rea- 
 fon to complain, remonftrate and proteft ; and it is ri- 
 diculous to expe& that Arts, Wit or Learning fliould 
 flourifh, in any Degree, under fuch a rapacious, 
 felfiih and ufurious Adminiftration. 
 
 I hive formerly feen fomething too much like This 
 in England ; but, I blefs God, That melancholy//*/? 
 Profptfi is now vaniflied ; and we have the particular 
 Happinefs to live under an jjdminijirution, which is 
 not only compofed of the ablejl Heads, and moft 
 uncorrupt Hearts in the Kingdom, but hath alfo been 
 conftantly obferved to mower down their Favours on 
 thofe Perfons only, who pofiefs the fame excellent Ta- 
 lents and Difpofitions with themfelves. Ignorance 
 and Infufficiency, joined with a fordid, complying Spi- 
 rit, are no Recommendations in thefe halcyon and 
 truly golden Days ; but Probity, Capacity, Know- 
 ledge and Learning are, of themfelves, the beft Pre- 
 tenfions ; and Merit t of any Kind, is the certain fore- 
 runner of Notice and Diftinction. 
 
 Let the moft inveterate Malecontent, the moft ma- 
 lignant Obferver of our prefent Happinefs, look care- 
 folly into the CHURCH, and take a ftridl Survey of 
 
 all
 
 Ii8 ^CRAFTSMAN. N 20, 
 
 all our late ecclffiafticd Promotions ; whether they be 
 of the right reverend Fathers the BISHOPS, or 
 of other inferiour Pallors and Curates. Let him, with 
 the fame Uriel: Eye, review our civil Offices, where 
 the Bufinefs of the STATE is more immediately 
 tranfacled ; and I will defy him, with all his Spleen, 
 Difappointmentsand Prejudices about him, to inftance 
 by Name one individual Perfon, of either fort, who 
 does not feem, as it were, cull'd and felecled from the 
 whole Nation, as the molt proper Man to execute and 
 adorn his refpeclive Function or Employment. 
 
 Let him afterwards turn his Eye to the Common- 
 wealth of Letters ; and I will challenge him, with 
 the fame Confidence, to inftance any Period of Time, 
 when Wit and polite Literature were more openly 
 and amply encouraged than at prefenr j not excepting 
 even the two famous Reigns of Auguftus and Louis le 
 grand. How many Men of Wit could I mention, 
 who have been lately advanced to Pofts of great Pro- 
 fit and Honour ? What a multitude of generous Pre- 
 fents, Penftons, and Stipends could I enumerate, if I 
 thought it agreeable to the Modefty of the Donors ? 
 Methinks I behold a Meceenas, a Po'lio, a Semen, or 
 an Halifax in almoil every great Family. But how 
 am I ftruck with Raptures, when I call my Eys on 
 HIM, who fits at the Helm, and does not disdain to 
 patronize the Mufes, at the fame Time that- he fup* 
 ports and adorns the State ? Let his own immortal 
 Poet, who is himfelf n Witnefs and Partaker of his 
 Munificence, ling his Praife, to which I find myfelf 
 unequal. 
 
 The Streams of Royal Bounty, tttrrfd by T H E R, 
 Refrejb the dry Domains of Poefy. 
 
 This Complaint, therefore, of want of Encourage- 
 ment, is fo ridiculous and unreafonable, that it can 
 proceed only from a few little Wit~wwds> Sciolifts 
 
 and
 
 N 20. 'The CRAFTSMAN. up 
 
 and Poet'ifters ; who, not having Merit enough to 
 diftinguifh themfelves, have recourfe to this poor Re- 
 fuge, and are willing to fcreen their own Incapacities 
 under fo plaufible a Pretence ; for the want of En- 
 couragement to real Wit asd Learning is fo far from 
 having any Foundation in Truth, that we have, for 
 fome Years paft, feen the greateft Encouragement 
 given to the Sound only, the Shadow, and the Ec- 
 cho of them. What fqueezing and crouding have 
 there been at the Raree-fhews of Harlequin and Sea* 
 ramoticb i at the Entertainments of Madam Violante, 
 her Tumblers and Rope-dancers ; at the ftrange Tricks 
 of Pofture-mafters and High German Artifts j befides 
 fome other Diver/tons, which I chufe not to mention ? 
 Nay, I am told, that we may foon expeft a new Sett 
 of Comoedians from Lapland ', who are coming hi- 
 ther, under great Prote&ion, to divert the Nobility 
 and Gentry of this happy Kingdom > and will, it is 
 faid, excel every Thing, which was ever yet feen on 
 the Britijh Stage. 
 
 This is a fufficient Demonftration to me, that there 
 will be no Encouragement wanting to Men of Wit and 
 Learning, when I fee moft of the greateft Perfonages 
 in the Nation hugging and careffing the dull Apes and 
 and Mimicks of them, in fo extraordinary a Manner. 
 
 I hope thefe diflatisfy'd, repining Spirits will at 
 leaft allow that, however other Parts of Learning 
 may have been neglected and defpifed, yet no Encou- 
 ragement has been wanting to fatirical Writings i and 
 if they do not foon produce fome excellent Pieces of 
 this Kind, I think they will be fairly left without any 
 Excufe, and I (hall be willing to give them up to all 
 the Severity of the Patrons of the Ancients. 
 
 Indeed, we have had fome very good Specimens 
 of this fort of Writing already publilhed ; one of 
 which feems to lafli Mankind in too fevere and general 
 a Manner. However, as there is a great deal of Wit 
 in that Book ; fo I am forry to fay, for the Sake of 
 
 human
 
 1 20 The CRAFTSMAN. N 20. 
 
 human Nature in general, and of my own Country 
 in particular, that, I am afraid, there is too much 
 Truth in it. 
 
 I heartily wifh that all Books of tbis Kind may have 
 their Efteft, as far as it is for the Intereft of this King- 
 dom 5 and I doubt not that they will convince 
 fame Gentlemen of the fond Miflake, which they feem 
 to have long entertain'd, and of the Truth of my 
 Lord Shaftsburf & Obfervation, viz. That if Writers 
 are of no Confequetiie to the Publick, it mufl be their 
 own Fault. A. 
 
 A D V E R T I S E M E N T. 
 
 Juft Publifh'd, 
 
 M E N QJJ i R Y into the Reafons of the ConduR 
 of a certain Author, with relation to the prefent State 
 of Affairs in Europe. 
 
 Printed in the fame Size with a former ENQUIRY, 
 in order to be bound up with it. 
 
 quid non mortalia pe&ora cogis 
 
 A u R i facrafames ? 
 
 To be fold by T. W. in Pater-nofter-row ; of whom 
 may be bad, juft fublijh' > d> 
 
 Itinerarium Theologicum ; Or, An exaft Computa- 
 tion of the DISTANCE between BANCO R and SALIS- 
 BURY ; and from thence to WINCHESTER and DUR- 
 HAM. Actually furvefd and meafur'd. With fame 
 Reafons offer d tojhew that HEREFORD lies out of the 
 Way. And alfo an Account of all the dirty Roads and 
 bad Paflages from one Place to another* 
 
 Fabula quanta fui ? 
 
 2 Friday,
 
 21. 
 
 CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 121 
 
 N 21. Friday j February 17. 
 
 Curfe on bis Virtues ! They have undone bis Cwntry. 
 Sufb popular Humanity is Treafon. CATO. 
 
 Opular djfeftion y when juftly obtained, 
 (that is, by truly promoting the In- 
 tereft of the People ) is the higheil Ho- 
 nour, which a Mortal can enjoy, and 
 one of the fureft Marks of publick Fe- 
 licity ; for when a Man poflefTes the ge- 
 neral Love of any Community, it is natural to infer 
 that the Community efteem him their general Bene- 
 faflor ; and v certainly no Refpeft, Honours or Re- 
 ward, which the People can beftow, are too great 
 to teftify their Gratitude to Him, who approves 
 himfelf worthy of that Chara&er. 
 
 Popularity therefore, in this Senfe, on this Foun- 
 dation, and under thefe Reftriclions, is due to every 
 true Patriot (a Characler, indeed, fomewhat fcarce .' ) 
 and is a good preemptive Proof of the Happinefs of 
 that Nation, under which it is obtained. But this 
 delirable Blefling is fo often acquired by falfe Means, 
 beftowed on worthlefs Objefts, and apply'd to bad 
 Ends, that an honeft Briton cannot be too cautious 
 on whom he confers it, nor how he is influenced by it, 
 when conferr'd by others. The vulgar Multitude 
 judge honeftly of publick Affairs, as far as they come - 
 within their Knowledge ; and, having no Hopes of 
 (luring in the Adminiitration themfelves, defire only 
 to live quietly and eafily, in the free Enjoyment of 
 what they daily earn ; incumbered with as few Taxes 
 and Drawbacks, as the real NecefTuies of the Pub- 
 L lick
 
 122, &hc. CRAFSTMAN. N 21, 
 
 Jick will admit. For this Reafon they always re- 
 fpedl, and, in a manner, venerate Thofe, who feem 
 to confult their Intereft, and endeavour to preferve 
 them in the fecure Poffeffion of their Rights and Pri- 
 vileges. But they are fo liable to be impofed on by falfa 
 Shews, and artful Pretences, that we are not always 
 to look upon their Favour as the Badge of real Patrio- 
 tifm, and a truly publick Spirit ; for, on the contrary, 
 we (hall find that it is too often acquired by finifter 
 Methods, in order to carry on fome crafty and per- 
 nicious Defign. The wifeft and beft conftituted Go- 
 vernments of old (efpecially the famous Republicks 
 of Greece and Rc?ne] were fo fenfible of This, that it 
 vas made criminal for any of their Members to affeft 
 uncommon Popularity, and conciliate too much the 
 IMinds of their Fellow- fubj efts. Accordingly we find, 
 an their Hiftories, feveral Inftances of the moft emi- 
 nent Patriots, who were banifhed, and otherwife treat- 
 ed as Enemies to their Country, only for rendring 
 themfelvs too much beloved by general Largeffes and 
 Donations, or other extraordinary Afts of publick Be- 
 neficence ; for which Severities thofe Nations have 
 .been often reproached, by fucceeding Ages, with In- 
 juftice, Barbarity, and Ingratitude; but if we examine 
 their Conduft, in this Particular, with Candour and 
 Impartiality, I believe we fhall find that they afted a 
 very prudent and commendable Part. They feemed 
 to judge very rightly of human Nature. They 
 knew the Temptations of Power, and how Popularity 
 is apt to turn the wifeft Heads, and corrupt the pureft 
 Hearts ; for which Reafon, they thought it impoli- 
 tick to let the moft deferving of their Fellow-fubjecls 
 poflefs a Power, which he might turn againft them, 
 or truft their Liberties to the private Virtue and In- 
 tegrity of any Man whatfoever. 
 
 Indeed, the Hiftories of all Nations, as well as of 
 theirs, abound with fo many Inftances, in which the 
 Favour of the People has been moil traiteroufly abu- 
 
 fed
 
 N 21. 3*hc CRAFTSMAN. -125 
 
 fed and perverted to wicked Purpofes, that, to a fe- 
 rious and thoughtful Mind, their Conducl {lands in 
 need of no Juftification ; for whenever we read of 
 any great profeffed Patriot, who falls under fignal 
 Difgrace or Punifhment, on Account of his popular 
 Intereft and Efteem, though acquired by the jufteft 
 Methods, we ought not to interpret it as proceeding 
 from any ill Will to Virtue or publick Good ; but as 
 the Effeft of political Precaution, and of the Jealoufy 
 of a wife People for their ancient Rights and Li- 
 berties. 
 
 But there is another fort of Popularity, which is in- 
 finitely more dangerous than what I have been fpeak- 
 ing of, and has been more ftudied, in thefe latter 
 Ages, by ambicious and deligning Men. I mean Po- 
 pularitj among the chief Perfins of any Nation ; 
 which becomes ftill more dangerous and vile, when 
 it is cultivated by venal and corrupt Methods. This 
 is indeed the moft comprehenfive Method of becom- 
 ing $oj>ular> as it faves abundance of Trouble in ca- 
 joling the Affeftions of the Vulgar, and Hooping to a 
 thoufand little pleafing Arts, to which fome modern 
 great Spirits do not care to fubmit. 
 
 A Man, who fets up for a diffufive and univerfai 
 Love of the People, muft put himfelf under feveral 
 uneafy Reltraints in his Behaviour, and guide every 
 Aftion of his Life with the utmoft Caution, Tender- 
 nefs, and Circumfpeftion. He muft be courteous, 
 affable and generous ; muft fubmit to the wayward 
 Tempers of a fickle Multitude, and adapt himfelf to 
 every Character. He muft be all Things to all Men, 
 . and humour them in all their various Appetites, dif- 
 ferent Views, and fantaftical Opinions. He muft. 
 humble himfelf to the Pride of the lofty ; confult 
 the Intereft of the avaritious ; and conform to the 
 Intemperance of the Libertine. He muft drink or 
 pray, whore or. caat, be a Saint or a Sinner, juft as 
 L. z his
 
 124 The CRAFTSMAN. N ai. 
 
 his Company fhall pleafe to prefcribe, or fet him an 
 Example. 
 
 Whereas a Man, who is Matter of the other com- 
 pendious Method, and has it in his Power to put it 
 in Practice, will find no Occafion to ftudy the Incli- 
 nations of the People, nor even fo much as pretend 
 to a Zeal for their Intereft. He knows a much fhorter 
 Way to compafs his Defigns, by bringing over a 
 whole Borough, a City, or a County at once into his 
 Jntereft ; and obtaining, by thefe Means, the general 
 Client of the Nation to his own ambitious Defigns. 
 He becomes, in this Senfe, very popular, at the fame 
 Time that he is univerfally odious, and retains the 
 Vox Populi on his Side, in fpight of their Teeth. 
 
 Nor is it at all difficult to accompli/h fuch a De- 
 lign, in a vicious and depraved Age, when Profufe- 
 nefs, Extravagance, and a general Spirit of Liberti- 
 nifm grow predominant in any Nation ; efpecially 
 among Perfons of a fuperiour Rank, who are intrufted 
 with the Rights and Liberties of the People j for 
 when once Luxury has fix'd a deep Root in their 
 Minds, it will foon get the better of their noble Fa- 
 culties. It will emafculate, foften and melt down all 
 tKnfe ftubborn Virtues, which are the natural Effeds 
 of Temperance and Frugality ; the Confequence of 
 which is, tha 1 a Man thus debauched and effeminated 
 will, in order to fupport himfelf in the fame vicious 
 Manner, fall into any Meafures, which are dictated 
 to him with a Profpeft of Advantage, and facrifice 
 the moft valuable Rights of his Country for a fafhio- 
 nable Town-houfe, a fplendid Equipage and an ele- 
 gant Table. 
 
 But as it is very eafy for any Man in Power to 
 acquire this fort of popular Affeftion ; fo it is hardly 
 poffible to withftand its Influence, or difappoint its 
 Defigns. 
 
 There are fome Hopes that a Man, who arrives at 
 Popularity, by Cowrteouihefs, Aftability, and a mu- 
 nificent
 
 JSP 2. 1 . The C R A F T s M A K. 1 25 
 
 nificent Spirit, may really be in earneft, and exert 
 thefe amiable Virtues from a natural good Difpofiti- 
 on, and without any private View ; for it is poffible, 
 at leaft, even in this Age, that a difmterefted Zeal for 
 the publick Good may be the prevailing Paffion in 
 fome Breads j and that there may ftillexift a few par- 
 ticular Men, in whom the innate Love of their Coun- 
 try remains uncorrupted with any fordid and merce- 
 nary Confident tions. There may be others, who,, 
 though they have not the fame noble and ftncere Af- 
 fedlion for the Publick, yet are fond of Popularity, for 
 the fake of Popularity, and find their Ambition fuffi- 
 ciently gratify'd by the Shouts and Acclamations of a* 
 numerous Multitude. Nay, even fuppofing that a 
 Man endeavours to infinuate himfelf into the popular' 
 Favour, with a bad Defign ; yet, if he does not at- 
 tempt it by corrupting the Leaders and Guardians of 
 the People, the Danger to the Publick is not very- 
 great; for it is impoffible for the craftieft Brain to 
 
 impofe very long on the Majority of a Nation. He 
 may, for fome Time, reign in Efteem, and trapan 
 the Affedlions of his Countrymen by plaulible Preten- 
 ces, artful Declarations, and a feeming Concern for 
 their Service ; but when his latent Defigns appear,. 
 ( as at length they muft ) the People will withdraw 
 their Affections ; his general Popularity will be turn'd' 
 into a general Odium ; and he will feel the Refent- 
 ments and Indignation of Thofe,- whofe Favour ha- 
 has abufed. 
 
 But the Cafe is quite otherwife with Thofe, who> 
 make themfelves popular by venal and corrupt- Me- 
 thods. Money, the Root of all Evil, is alfo the 
 ftrongeft Cement in the World. It binds together 
 Perfons of the moft oppofite Complexions, and is a 
 more lafting Tie than Honour, Friendfhip, Relation, 
 Confanguinity or Unity of AffecYions. When any 
 Perfon therefore takes an annual or other Salary for 
 giving his Opinion that black is w/V*,,it is in vain- 
 L 3 for
 
 ia6 floe CRAFTS MAN. N tf 21. 
 
 for us to endeavour to convince him of the contrary. 
 Perfuafion to fuch a Man is of no effect, and Reafon- 
 ing is thrown away upon him. The ftrongeft Argu- 
 ments leave no Impreffion on his Mind, and the clear- 
 eft Truth has no Charms in his Eyes. He is inlifted 
 in the Service of his Patron, and muft always fight 
 on that Side, let the Caufe be what it will, from 
 which he receives his Pay. It is ridiculous to talk of 
 Right to a Man, who is prae-engaged, and hired to 
 judge wrong ; or to argue about Juftice, Confcience, 
 and Equity with one, who has tafted the Sweets of 
 acting upon different Principles. 
 
 It is a Labour more difficult than any, which Her- 
 rules overcame, to prove that there is any inherent 
 Malignity in a good Place ; or that any Actions can be 
 unjuft, or any Arguments invalid, which are fupport- 
 cd and info reed with the Rhetorick of a tbouf and Pounds 
 a Tear. 
 
 Ambitious and ill-defigning Men, in former Ages, 
 were not ignorant of This. They knew how precari- 
 6us, as well as troublefome, that fort of Popularity is, 
 which fubfifts only upon the Foundation of worthy 
 Actions ; and how permanent That, which is eftablim- 
 ed^upon Self intereft, Bribery and Subornation. 
 
 Tacitus informs us, that Atiguflus paved his Way to 
 Dominion by thefe Methods ; for having laid afide the 
 Title of Triumvir, and taking upon himfelf only the 
 Character of Confuli under a fpecious Pretence that 
 he had nothing at Heart but the good of the People 
 (whofe Favour he at firft cultivated by feveral generous 
 Actions,} He grew infolent by Degrees, and at length 
 engrafted the whole Power of the Empire into his 
 own Hands Infurgere paulatim ; munia fenatus, ma- 
 giftratitum, legum in fe trabere, nuilo adv erf ante cum 
 ferofijjimi per acies aut profcriptione cecidijfent ; cteteri 
 jiobilium, quanta quis fcrvitio promptior, opibus {3* 
 honoribus extdlerfntur '-, ac novis ex rebus aufti, tata 
 & pr<e(etitia t quam vetsra fc? periculofa mallent* Ne- 
 
 yu
 
 N 21. ^CRAFTSMAN. 127 
 
 que provincite ilium rerunt ftatum abnuebant, 
 fenatii!, populique imperio ob certamina potentium 3* rf- 
 varitiam magiftratuum ', invalido legum auxilio, quee 
 vi, ambit u, poftremo PECUNIA turbabantur. 
 
 We had, not many Years ago, an Inftance amongft 
 ourfelves of a great Man, who fupported himfelf in 
 Power, for feveral Years together, by the fame Me- 
 thods ; the mod ftrining Part of whofe Character con- 
 fifted in an eafy, infinuating Addrefs, and his skilful 
 Management of popular Affemblut. He was particu- 
 larly famous for a certain happy Talent at finding out 
 the weak Sides of Mankind, and his Dexterity in ap- 
 plying a Bribe ; for having been ufed to take Money 
 himfelf, in a corrupt Manner, before he was in Power, 
 he knew by Experience the moil genteel and agreeable 
 Method of offering it to others. But Hiftory in- 
 forms us that, notwithftanding theAfTiftance of im- 
 menfe Sums of Money, which procured him great Ve- 
 neration in a certain Place, whilft living ; yet his 
 Death occafioned a general Joy, even among fome of 
 his moft abandoned Creatures (who, at length, grew 
 weary of his Yoke) and the Memory of his Name and 
 Actions hath been ever fince held in univerfal Abhor- 
 rence. A*
 
 128 <fht CRAFTSMAN. N22. 
 
 [ 22.. Monday, February 20. 
 
 Dii talem frrw avertite Peftem ! Virg. 
 
 'S there mutt be, in all well-regulated 
 States, a Variety of Officers, in a due 
 Subordination one to another, for the 
 Management and carrying on the Bufi- 
 nefs of the Publick ; fo the Nature and 
 Power of thefe Officers vary, in diffe- 
 rent Nations, according to the different Conftitutions 
 of their refpec~live Governments. For this Reafon, 
 in abfolute Monarchies, we generally find a Perfon 
 inverted by the Prince with the fole Management and 
 Direction of all his Affairs, under the Title of PRIME 
 MINISTER ; who is, by Virtue of his Office, as he 
 commonly proves himfelf to be by his Adlions, an ar- 
 bitrary yice-Roy or Deputy Tyrant- But the Power 
 of fuch a Minifter feems to be inconfiftent with the 
 Nature of A free State, whether a Commonwealth or a 
 limited Monarchy; (unlefs it be upon extraordinary 
 Occafions ; as the Raman Dictators were created of 
 old) becaufe the abfolute, uncontroulable Will of one 
 Man has been generally found to end in the Deftruc- 
 tion of Liberty in general ; and though it may be faid' 
 that a limited Monarch cannot delegate more Power 
 than he is inverted with himfelf, and therefore cannot 
 make any of his Minifters abfolute > yet every fuch 
 Prince has too much Pozver to be repofed in the Hands 
 of any of his Servants ; for Experience fhews us, that 
 a worfe Ufe is commonly made of the Regal Autho- 
 rity, when in the PoiTeffion of a private Subjeft, 
 than under the Direction of the Prince himfelf; and 
 
 there
 
 K aa. The CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 there feems to be an obvious Reafon for This ; fince 
 a King, who is poffefled, during Life, of all the Pow- 
 er, Prerogative, and Jurifdi&ion, which are agreeable 
 to the fundamental Laws of the Country over which 
 he reigns, and has the fame Rights intailed on his 
 Pofterity, cannot, without being a Man of very ill 
 Principles, have any farther Views ; becaufe his true 
 Intereft, upon a little Recolledlion, will inftruft him. 
 to confine his Thoughts within thefe facred Barriers. 
 Whereas a Minifler, who is in great Power to-day, 
 and perhaps afraid of lofmg it to-morrow, (efpecially, 
 if he be a Man of a fmall, paternal Inheritance} will 
 be tempted to amafs exorbitant Wealth by indireft 
 Methods, and aggrandize his own Family at the Ex- 
 pence of the Publick. Nay, even fuppofing the Cafe 
 of a bad Prince, who, through the Inftigations of 
 Ambition, or a cruel, tyrannical Difpofition, mould 
 be inclined to opprefs his Subjects, I believe the Bulk 
 of the People would be much more eafy under any 
 Hardfhips, which could be laid upon them by their 
 Sovereign, than fuch as they fhould fuffer from one of 
 their Equals. 
 
 This is fufficient to mew, that the Office of a 
 Prime Minifler is, in its Nature; of dangerous Con- 
 fequence to a free People ; but there is another Con.- 
 fideration, which, though it be not of the fame Im- 
 portance, ought to make every rational Briton join his 
 Voice and his Intereft againft fuch an over-grown 
 Power in any of his Fellow-Subjefts ; for, 
 
 When a Prince referves the Prerogative in his own. 
 Hands, or divides it amongft a certain Number of his 
 Subjects, to be adminifter'd in an equal Manner ( as it 
 has been moft ufual in this Kingdom) the royal Smiles, 
 Favours and Honours, as well as the Offices of the 
 Kingdom, both great and fmall, are commonly diftri- 
 buted in the fame equal 'and impartial Manner. Where- 
 as, when the whole Power of the Crown has been 
 lodged in zfingle Hand, we may obferve that Grants, 
 
 Titles
 
 130 2%e CRAFTSMAN. N 22* 
 
 Titles and Preferments have been generally monopo- 
 lized, and the whole Bounty of a Court thought little 
 enough to fatiate the craving, hungry Appetites of 
 one Family. 
 
 Nay, we have feen this Spirit of Rapine and Vo- 
 racioufnefs carried to fuch an heighth, under fome 
 Adminiftrations, that, not content with all the Crown 
 has had in its Power to beilow, they have attempted 
 to engrofs the Favours and Suffrages of the People 
 nor do I want Inftances to fhew, that oppoling only 
 the Weljh Coufin of a great Man has been call'd op- 
 ptjing the Miniftry, and look'd on as a Mark of Ma- 
 lignancy and Difajfeflion. 
 
 As inconfiderable and felf-intereiled as this Obfer- 
 vation may feem, yet it certainly ought to have fome 
 Weight in a free Nation ; for the prefent moft excel- 
 lent Bimop of S A R u M very juftly obferved, in an- 
 fwer to one of his Opponents in a late famous Con- 
 troverfy, that, altho' no Man has a natural Right to a. 
 Place at Court ', yet every Man has a R : ght to get 
 tne, if be can. And, if the old, beaten Topick of all 
 the Whig-writers can be juftify'd, that a Kingdom 
 was not made for one Man, meaning the PRINCE, it 
 could not furely be defigned only to gratify the Pride,. 
 Avarice, and Ambition of a PRIVATE SUBJECT. 
 
 But as fuch a Power in any Mini ft er is contrary 
 to the true Intereft of the People ; fo it is alfo of 
 dangerous Confequence to the Prince himfelfi efpe- 
 cially in a limited Government. 
 
 An abfolute Monarch indeed, who is under no Re- 
 ftraint but his own Will, may raife a Favourite to what 
 heighth of Power he pleafes, without being under 
 any great Appreheniions from his Treachery or Am- 
 bition ; \becaufe he can pull him down, when he be- 
 gins to grow infolent, with the fame high Hand that 
 lifted himHip. But a limited Monarch, who, in order 
 to reign happily, is obliged to preferve an Harmony 
 and good Understanding with his People, ( who are,
 
 K 22. The CRAFTSMAN. 131 
 
 by the Conftitution, join'd with him in the legijlative 
 Power) ought to be very cautious how far he aggran- 
 dizes any of his Servants, or trufts the Power out of 
 his own Hands ; becaufe a Minifter, who has the Dif- 
 pofition of Preferments and Honours, may ftrength- 
 en himfelf fo much by Cabals^ Alliances, Obliga- 
 tions, and immenfe Wealth, that it may become dan- 
 gerous for the Prince to difplace him ; even though 
 he mould be, perfonally, as ill-beloved by himfelf, as 
 he is by the Generality of his SubjeOs. 
 
 I have now before me a little Book, intitled, Rules 
 of GOVERNMENT ; or, a true Eallance between SO- 
 VEREIGNTY and LIBERTY ; faid to be written by g 
 Perfon of Honour* immediately after the late CIVIL. 
 WAR; and now publijhed (in 1710.) to prevent ano- 
 ther. Though this Treatife is chiefly written in an 
 High-Church Strain, ( which I prefume, will be no 
 Obje&ion to its Authority at this lime} yet it con- 
 tains fome honeft Directions upon this Subject, which 
 I beg leave to tranfcribe. 
 
 He tells us, in one Place, ( fpeaking of Counfellors ) 
 that Overgreatnefs in one, or over-ftritl Combination in 
 a few, may be both dangerous to a Prince. In another 
 Place he fays, that it is a great Fault in a Prince " to 
 look upon no Man himfelf, but through a Glafs 
 or as the Image of a Man is reflected unto him 
 from, a Favourite, or fome great Officer ; for This is 
 to Jlrengthen their Root, and weaken bis own > for 
 here, though the Guilt is his, the Obligation is 
 another's. This makes him have many Attendants 
 but few Servants ; for Servants, placed about him 
 by great Men, are rather their Spies than his Ser- 
 vants- Such Unconcernednefs as This, who are 
 about him, makes him appear like a Twen blocked 
 up. He can freely receive no Provifions he Hands 
 in need of; and his own Servants are dimeartened, 
 by perceiving great Mens Friends or Servants every 
 Day preferred or gratified before them. This 
 
 4 Courfe
 
 132, 3"ke CRAFTS MAN. N2t. 
 
 Courfe chills all Publick-fpiritednejs ; for Men, in- 
 " troduced by Favourites, think they fhall laft no 
 " longer than their Patrons, who are often changed, 
 *' or in the Wain ', and fo they come unto a Court 
 " like Harveft-Men, who ferve only in a fhort Time 
 " to reap That, which others plowed and harrowed; 
 " or they work only in fair Weather, and when the 
 '* Corn is carrying into the Bain. 
 
 The fame Author gives as wholefome Advice to 
 Miniflers of State, in the following Paragraph ; which 
 I do, by thefe Prefents, humbly beg Leave to re- 
 commend to the ferious Confideration of all great 
 Men in the feveral Courts of Europe- 
 
 " A wife Counfellor, fays He, will not engrofs tot 
 t( many Affairs into his own Hands, nor encroach 
 " upon other Mens Offices ; nor be apt to undervalue 
 " them in it, to raife his own Credit by the Lofs of 
 " other Mens ; for he that does good Offices to others, 
 *' is in the beft way to make hearty Friends to him- 
 *' felf ; and he muft be patient to hear other Mens 
 " Advices ; nay, with fome Refpeftfulnefs, bear their 
 " Follies ; and he muft be unconcern'd when his own 
 " Counfels are not comply'd with, or are laid afide. 
 
 I fhall leave thefe wholefome Directions to Thofe, 
 whom they may concern, and conclude with obferving 
 in general, that the Office of a prime Minifter feems 
 to be calculated for an abfolute Government ; though, 
 in my Opinion, even fuch a Government would fare 
 much better, if the Prince would vouchfafe to manage 
 his Affairs himfelf. But the Power of fuch an Officer 
 is entirely repugnant to the Safety of a free State ; 
 which is fo fully demonflrated by Hiftory and Expe- 
 rience, that I need not infift upon it any farther. In. 
 Governments purely popular, I cannot, at prefent, 
 recoiled any Infknce of fuch a Minifter ; unlefs it be 
 of the famous De Wit in Holland ; whofe terrible 
 Fate will, in all Probability, deter others from at- 
 tempting fuch a Power. In England we have been 
 
 often
 
 N 2.3. ?fo CRAFTSMAN. 133 
 
 often pefter'd with thefe over-grown, rapacious State- 
 Leeches, in former Times ; but for feveral Years paft 
 we have been pretty free from them ; the firfl great 
 VILLARS, Duke of BUCKINGHAM, being the laft Mi- 
 nifter of that fort in this Kingdom ; and I hope, the 
 laft we mall ever fee here ! I have already prefented 
 the Reader with fome of thofe excellent Inftruftions, 
 which were given him for his Behaviour in that high 
 Station, by that great and good Man Sir Francis Ba- 
 con, in the Infancy of his Power ; and I defign very 
 ipeedily to mew what an ill Ufe he made of them, in 
 a fliort Review of his Life and Condutt ; which will 
 farther corroborate what I have faid in this Paper, and 
 prove that fuch an exorbitant Power, as is before de- 
 fcribed, is prejudicial to the Liberties of this Nation ; 
 to the Honour and Welfare of a Britijh King ; and to 
 ,the true Intereft of a MINISTER himfelf. 
 
 D. 
 
 23. Friday, February 20. 
 
 -Timores inter ff Iras. Hor. 
 
 \ T is an old eitablifhed Maxim in Poli- 
 ticks, that a true-bred State/man Jbould 
 have no private PaJJions ; that is, He 
 ought to be a Man of fuch a fedate, 
 fteddy, and determined Temper, that 
 ^ he may not be interrupted, in the Con- 
 duft of his Schemes and the Purfuit of his Intereft, 
 by thofe light and fudden Paifions, which are apt to a- 
 gitate and ruffle weak Minds. Nay, fome grave Rea- 
 M foners
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N 23, 
 
 foners and Refiners upon this Subject have gone far- 
 ther, and maintained that a ftancb Politician ought . 
 not only to be exempt from Intemperance, Effeminacy* 
 and other common Frailties of human Nature ; but 
 fhould alfo enfranchize his Mind from the Dominion 
 of what are commonly call'd the nobler Paffions ; that 
 he fliould be incapable of Love or Hatred ; that he 
 fhould not fuffer himfelf to be fway'd by any vulgar 
 Notions of Gratitude, Honour or Juftice ; nor be 
 tempted to defift from the Execution of his Defigns by 
 the frail Impulfes of Pity and Remorfe ; that he 
 fhould have no Regard to Friends, Relations or Bene- 
 factors, when it interferes with his private Views ; 
 nor refent, as other Men do, the moft provoking In- 
 juries or the higheft Obligations, when his Intereft 
 {that great ruling Principle) inftrudts him to forget 
 cither. 
 
 I am not, I confefs, Macbiavillian enough .to ap- 
 prove of fuch Maxims, or to propofe them as Leffons^ 
 which ought to be follow 'd. They have been, God" 
 knows, and ftill are too much practiced in moft Courts, 
 to Hand in need of any Recommendation, or to be dif- 
 countenanced by any Arguments. Happy, alas ! would 
 it be for the World, if all great Men wanted any In- 
 ftru&ions of this fort ; or were backward to confult 
 their own Intereft, by facrificing to it all other Confi- 
 derations, both of a publick and private Nature ! 
 
 There is indeed one Rock, which many of the 
 ableit State-Pilots, with all their difpfflicnate Indiffe- 
 rence, have not been able to avoid ; even though they 
 have been amply forewarn'd, by the calamitous Fate 
 of their Predeceffors, to ufe the utmoft Caution and 
 Circumfpe&ion to keep clear of it. I mean that In- 
 folence or Impstuojiity of Temper, which Power is apt 
 .to beget in great Minds, and commonly ends in Ruin 
 and Difgrace ; for Paffion and Vehemence tend, more 
 than any thing elfe, to exafperate and provoke Indignat 
 
 tion,
 
 ]S' 23. fbe CRAFTSMAN. 135 
 
 lion, as well as tounbofom the fec!ttThoughts,ani dif- 
 cover thofe Foibles or ill Defigns, which it fhould be 
 always the Bufinefs of a great Man to conceal. 
 
 When fuch ati cvzr-bcaring Spirit gets the better of 
 a Man of an honeit and worthy Difpofition, it is a 
 real Misfortune to the Publick ; but when it pofleffes 
 a corrupt Mind, we ought to congratulate the Society 
 in which it prevails ; for Experience teaches us to 
 look on Rage, Choler, and Impatience of Oppofition 
 as the hit Struggles and Convulfions of an expiring 
 M'nifter- 
 
 Some Men are born with this violent, imperious 
 Frame of Mind ; which feems to have been the Cafe 
 of Cardinal WOLSEY ; who was naturally a Man of 
 fuch an arrogant, domineering Temper, that he could 
 not keep it from breaking out in the groffeft, perfonal 
 In Cults, even upon his Royal Mafter, who had honour- 
 ed and aggrandized him v/ith Power and Wealth in 
 the moft partial and extravagant Manner ; and as his 
 own Intereft and moft immoderate Ambition could 
 not reftrain it, fo it occasioned that grievous and igno- 
 minious Difgrace, under which he afterwards fell. 
 But there are others, who, being naturally Men of a 
 more placid, courteous and affable Difpoft tion, have 
 been betrayed into the fame Vehemence and infvlent 
 Behaviour by a long Run of Power, Profperity, and 
 Succefs. Whilft the Sun {hone upon them, and the 
 Ship fail'd briskly before the Wind ; whilft moft of 
 the -aflengen approved their Condudl, and flatter'd 
 their Abilities, you could fee nothing but Smiles on 
 their Faces, and the utmoft Complaifance in their Be- 
 haviour. They preferved an Eafe, Serenity, and out- 
 ward Benevolence in all their Deportment ; which ex- 
 tended even to thofe few, who diffented from the 
 Majority, and complain'd of their Management. But 
 as foon as Things took another Turn j when the 
 Clouds began to gather, and the Billows to rife abeut 
 them ', when molt People were feized with a Pannick, 
 M 2 and
 
 1 36 "The CRAFTSMANT. N 23. 
 
 and their late Obfequioufnefs was converted into Mur- 
 murs and Difcontent ; then their Behaviour was feen 
 immediately to change ; and from the moft obliging, 
 humble ;nd co.;defcending Creatures in the World, 
 they have giown the moft peevifli, captious, and dog- 
 matical Wretches upon the Face of the Earth ; for 
 having been kabituated, from the Applaufe and Adu- 
 lation, which were formerly paid them, to believe 
 themfelves infallible in all their Proceedings, they now 
 looked on the leaft Contradiction or Oppofition, as a 
 perfonal Affront to their Underftandings, proceeding 
 from fome perfonal Refentment, and a manifeft Out- 
 rage on their Grandeur and Authority. 
 
 We meet with an Inftance, in fome Refpedts, of 
 this fort in Wejlon, Earl of PORTLAND, who was 
 Lord High Treafurer in the Reign of that unhappy 
 Prince King Charles I. My Lord Clarendon in- 
 forms us, that this great Man " did appear, on the 
 " fudden,wonderfully elated,and fo far threw offhis old 
 " Affectation to pleafe fome very tnucb, and to dif- 
 " pleafe none, in which Art he had excell'd, that in a- 
 few Months after the Duke of Buckingham's Death, 
 '* he found himfelf to fucceed him in the fublick Dif- 
 " pleafure, and in the Malice of his Enemies, with- 
 " out fucceeding him in his Credit at Court, or in 
 " the Affection of any confiderable Dependants ; and 
 * yet, though he was not fuperior to all other Men 
 ** in the JIJfeRion, or rather Rejignation of the King, 
 " fo that he might difpenfe Favours or Disfavours ac- 
 " cording to his own Election, he had a full Share in 
 ' his Matter's Efteem ; who looked upon him as a 
 *' wife and able Servant, and worthy of the Truft 
 " he repofed in him ; and received no other Advice 
 *' in the large Bufmefs of his Revenue ; nor was any 
 * { Man fo much his Superior, as to be able to leffen 
 *' him in the King's Affection by his Power. So that 
 " he was in a Poft, in which he might have found 
 " much Eafe and Delight, if be could have contained 
 
 ' bemfelf
 
 N 23. The CRAFTS MAK. 137 
 
 " himfelf within the Verge of bis own Province ; 
 " which was large enough, and of fuch Extear, that 
 " he might, at the fame Time, have drawn a ^reat 
 " Dependance upon him of very conjiderab'e Men t 
 " and appeared a very ufeful and profitable Minifter 
 " to the King ; whofe Revenue had been very loofely 
 " managed during the late Years ; and might, by In- 
 " duftry, and Order, have been eafily improved. And 
 " no Man better underftood what Method was neccf- 
 " fary towards that good Husbandry than He. 
 
 " Bat I know not by what Frowardnefs in his Stars, 
 " he took more Pains in examining and enquiring in- 
 " to other Mens Offices, than in the Difcharge of bis 
 " own i and not fo much Joy in what He bad, as 
 <' Trouble and Agony in what He bad rot The 
 " Truth is, He had fo vehement a Defire to be the 
 " file Favourite, that he had no relifh of the Power 
 
 < he had He tells us afterwards, that he found 
 
 " the Number of his Enemies exceedingly encreafed, 
 " and others to be lefs eager in the Purfuit of his 
 " Friendmip, and every Day difcovered fome Infir- 
 mities in him ; which, being before known to few, 
 and not taken Notice of, did now expofe him to 
 publick Reproach and to private Animofities. And 
 even his Vices admitted thofe Contradictions in 
 them, that he could hardly enjoy the pleafant Fruit 
 of any of them. 
 " No Man, fays He, had greater Ambition to 
 " make his Family great, or ftronger Defigns to leave 
 
 *' a great Fortune to it That, in order to do this, 
 
 " he had avowedly and fowerly crofled the Pretences 
 " of other Men, and reftrained the Kings Bounty 
 
 " from being exercifed almoft to any which, 
 
 *' from the Duke's Death, ran in narrower Channels, 
 " and never fo much over- flowed as toward Himfelf, 
 " who flopped the Current to other Men ". 
 
 The noble Hijlorian goes on thus. " He was of 
 
 *< an imperioai Nature, and nothing wary in difoblig- 
 
 M 5 l<_ ing
 
 138 ^CRAFTSMAN* N 25. 
 
 " ing and provoking other Men ; and had too much 
 " Courage in offending and incenung them ; but, af- 
 " ter having offended them, he was of fo unhappy a 
 "feminine Temper ; that he was always in a terrible 
 " Fright and Apprekenfion of them. 
 
 And juft after, He fays, " That he- quickly loft the 
 *' Character of a bold, ftout and magnanimous Man ; 
 " which he had been long reputed to be in warf? 
 *' Times ; and, in his moft profperous Seafon, fell 
 " under the Reproach of being a Man of big Looks, 
 " and of a mean and abjefl Spirit. 
 
 '* To conclude j all the Honours the King con- 
 " ferr'd upon him ( as he made him a Baron, then an 
 " Earl, and Knight of the Garter} could not make- 
 ** him think himfelf great enough. Nor could all the 
 *' King's Bonn ties, nor his own large Accejflons raife 
 " a Fortune to his Heir ; but after fix or eight Years 
 " fpent in outward Opulency, and inward Murmur 
 " and Trouble that it was not greater ; after vaft 
 ** Sums of Money, and great Wealth gotten, and ra- 
 " ther confumed than enjoyed ; without any Senfe or 
 * Delight in fo great Profperity, with the Agony that 
 " it was no greater ; he dy'd unlamented by any ; bit- 
 " terly mentioned by moft, who never pretended to 
 " love him ; and feverely cenfured and complained of 
 " by Thofe, who expefted moft from him, and de- 
 '* ferved left of him ; and left a numerous Family* 
 " which was, in a fhort Time, worn out, and yet 
 * out-lived the Fortune that he left behind him. 
 
 I am feniible, that I have, in fome Meafure, de- 
 parted from the firft Defign of this Paper, which was 
 to expofe the Abfurdity and-Folly of PaJJion and Vehe- 
 mence in publick Minifters. But there is fomething 
 fo particular and remarkable in the Character of this 
 great Man, that I could not avoid the Opportunity of 
 being fo.newhat circumftantial in my Relation of it 
 from fo mafterly an Hand* It cannot however be fug- 
 geftsd, with any Reafgn, that I dwelt fo long upon it, 
 
 in
 
 K 6 23. The CRAFTSMAN. 139 
 
 in order to draw any invidious' Parallel J (which has 
 been, of late, objected againft fome of us political 
 Writers) becaufe I know no Man at prefent in being, 
 in whom a II thefc Circumftances can be fuppofed to 
 concur. To put an End therefore to this Digreffion, 
 without any Apology, I will humbly beg Leave juft 
 to obferve, that fuch an haughty, bluftring and impc-- 
 rious Behaviour is in no Place more unbecoming than 
 in a popular AJJembly ; where all the Members, confi- 
 dered as fuch, are equal to one another, however 
 their Circumftances may differ in other Refpecls, as 
 to Wealth, Favour, Titles or Power. It is therefore 
 highly derogatory to the Honour and Privilege of fuch 
 an JjjTembly for any Perfon to prefume fo far on any 
 extraneous Superiority, as to infult, menace, and brow- 
 beat the reft of his Brethren ; which difcovers a ftrong 
 Intimation that he thinks his dictatorial Voice mould 
 always be uncontradicled and definitive ; and that they 
 meet there together in order to jump unanimoufly in- 
 to all his Opinions ; to gratify his Pride only ; and 
 facilitate his Defigns. 
 
 Caius F<ibius> the famous Roman Tribune, was a 
 Man of this hot, infolent and ungovernable Temper ; 
 but it ought to be confidered, in his Excufe, that in 
 him it was a natural Infirmity ; that He was fenfible 
 of it himfelf ; was amamed of it ; and endeavoured, 
 by all Methods, to keep it under ; as appears by the 
 following Story, recorded by Plutarch* 
 
 This Author tells us, in the Lives of thofe two ce- 
 lebrated Brothers, Tiberius and Caius, ' That the 
 t( one was fmooth and fedate ; the other rough and 
 " P a ffi o nate ; even to fuch a Degree, that often, in 
 "- the midft of his Orations, he was fo much hurryed 
 " away by his Pajfion, even againft his own Will, 
 " that he defcended to give ill Language, and ftrained 
 " his Voice in fuch a Manner, that he could not pro- 
 ceed in his Speech. For a Remedy to this Excefs, 
 '* He- made ufe of an ingenious Servant, one 
 
 9. I!
 
 140 %*be CRAFTSMAN. N- 23. 
 
 by Name, who flood conftantly behind him with 
 a Pitch-pipe, or mufical Inftrument to regulate his 
 Voice by ; and whenever he perceived his Matter's 
 Tone alter, and grow harfh with Anger, he breath- 
 ed a fbft Note with his Pipe ; at the hearing of 
 which, Caius immediately bated the Vehemence 
 cf his Pajjjon and Voice ; grew mild ; and was eafily 
 recalled to Temper. 
 
 I have often lamented that no Author has thought 
 fit to give us a particular Defcription of this curious 
 Inftrument, for the Inflruftion and Ufe of Pofterity ; 
 and as often wonder'd that none of our ingenious Ma- 
 thematical Inftrument-makers have attempted fome- 
 thing of that Nature. I am fure it would amply 
 reward all their Pains and Labours ; efpecially if they 
 could obtain a Patent for the fole making and vending 
 thereof ; which could not certainly be deny'd to the 
 Reviver of fo ufeful a Machine in an Age, which feems 
 to ftand in great Need of it. But till that is done, I 
 would humbly recommend it to be confidered, whe- 
 the Opera might not be made ufeful to the State, by 
 placing the celebrated Sig. Sinefino and other Italian 
 Artifts behind fome of our popular Orators, in order 
 to foften and modulate the Tone of their Voice, and 
 thereby preferve a Moderation and Decency in our pub- 
 lick Debates. A. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Juft publifhed, 
 
 PRELUMTRIUMPHANS; Or, a full Vindication of 
 the LIBERTY OF THE PRESS j extracted from the 
 Writings, and enforced by the Example of the Right 
 Reverend Father in God BENJAMIN, late Lord Biftop 
 C/'BANGOR ; in Anfioer to the MONITOR and the 
 LONDON JOURNAL. 
 
 quantum mutatus ab ILLO ! Virgil. 
 Printed for T. W. in Pater-nofier Row ; and fold by 
 the Bookfellers of London and Wejlminjier. Price i s. 
 
 Monday,
 
 N 24. 
 
 CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 141 
 
 N 24. Monday, February 27. 
 
 Content, with Hands unfair d to guard the Prize, 
 And keep the Store with undefiring Eyes. Tickel. 
 
 goodmtur'd writer is always better plea- 
 1 fed with an Opportunity of recom- 
 mending Virtue than of chaftifing Vice; 
 r but in either Cafe, "if he would be a- 
 [greeable to his Readers, at the fame time 
 that he propofes to be ufeful to the 
 World, it will be proper for him to pitch upon fome 
 great Man to be as it were the Vehicle of his Inftruc- 
 tions to the Publick, by making him the Subject either 
 of his Panegyrick or his Satire, 
 
 I do not hold it always needful for an Author to be 
 fearching into Antiquity, in Order to retail out fome 
 mufty Hero of former Days, and recommend him as a 
 Pattern to the prefent Age. If our ownTimes furnim 
 us with Examples o Men laudable for any remarkable 
 Virtues, I cannot fee any Reafon why an impartial 
 Writer mould not fet forth fuch Perfons in their true 
 Luftre, publickly avowing them as Ornaments of the 
 prefent Age, and exhibiting them as Examples to Po- 
 fterity. But if fuch truly worthy Men are to be met 
 with in lower Life, it will be ftill better, and have much 
 more Weight ; fince Flattery, in fuch a Cafe, or merce- 
 nary Views (to the Imputation of which we Authors 
 are often liable) can never be laid to his Charge. 
 
 I have in my Eyes a Man, and will venture to name 
 him to the Publick, whom, when I have drawn his 
 Character, all Mankind muft agree to be an illuftrious 
 Model of Virtue and Integrity for after Ages, He is 
 
 One,
 
 i'4'4 he CRAFTSMAN. N 24.- 
 
 One, that has long had the Management of a publick 
 Revenue', and yet all the World is convinc'd that he has 
 not improved his Circumftances, nor added one Shil- 
 ling to his Fortune by it. The Subjects pay their volun- 
 tary Taxes into his Hands, with Pleafure, becaufe they 
 are fatisfy'd that what they do pay, for the /#>//> Ser- 
 f/Y* 1 , will be employ'd to ro other Purpofe; and that no 
 Calls will, at any Time, be made on the Proprietors, 
 but when there mail plainly appear to beanabfoluteNe- 
 ceffity for fo doing. Every Body has a fanguine Con- 
 fidence in his Integrity, being fatisfied that he \sun- 
 corrupt bimfelf, and will never fufler his inferior Offi- 
 cers to plunder by his Authority or Connivance. 
 The publick Treafure is expanded with Prudence and 
 managed with Frugality. He carefully looks into ev- 
 ery Branch of his Office, and will not permit any, who 
 are under him, to embezzle the publick Money, or run 
 away with any Part of the Revenue; much lefs with 
 the whole Revenue ; as, by letting it lie long neglected 
 in any under Officer s Hands, They might poffibly be 
 tempted to do. He is not only free from Corruption, 
 but guards himfelf againft all Negiefts in theDifcharge 
 of his Duty, and looks on Crimes of OmiJ/ian, in fuch 
 a Cafe, to be full as unjuftifiable as Crimes of Comif- 
 Jion ; fmce if the Publick is defrauded, or lofes a confi- 
 de/able Sum of Money, it is of but little Cenfequence 
 to them, whether the Treafurer puts it in his own 
 Pocket, or lets any of his Deputies put it into theirs, or 
 fqua:iuer it away. He gives fair, regular and diftincl 
 Accounts o* every Farthing, which he expends for 
 the publick Service, and has always {hewn the utmoft 
 rendi ;eA 'o fupply Thofe, who have a Right to ask for 
 them, with any Papers or Vouchers, that may be jud- 
 ged neceflary for the explaining any Part of his Ac-' 
 count. He is, in fhort, a Man of undoubted Integrity ; 
 of confummate Wifdom ; and of exemplary Gravity. 
 He is compofed and fedate in his Conduct; rigid in his 
 Morals ; and tall in his Perfon; flow in his Speech, yet 
 
 dang
 
 $P 24. fhe CRAFTSMAN. 143 
 
 ufmg many Words ; and to conclude all, a TREA- 
 SURER with clean and empty Hands ! 
 
 I am perfuaded, that every Reader muft, by this 
 Time, perceive that I can mean no Body, in my 
 Defcription of the foregoing Character, but that very 
 worthy and excellent Man Mr. KIP LIN, Treafurer to 
 thai honourable Corporation, the Royal Academy of 
 MUSIC.K. 
 
 This great, able and honeft Minifter has, of late, 
 had two very formidable Powers to contend with. 
 I mean the Companies of Drury-Lane and Lincoln 'j- 
 Inn-Fields ; who have entered into an Alliance, 
 which feems very unaccountable in two Powers, who 
 were but lately tuch mortal Enemies, that they could 
 hardly be kept within the Bounds of common Decency 
 towards one another ; ly all the Addrefs and Mediation 
 of the Town > and yet, at the fame Time, privately 
 run into one another's Arms, and unite in Dejigns 
 deftruftive to the Rights of the ACADEMY, with all 
 the' Marks of cordial Ajfeftion and a refolute Friend' 
 Jbip. 
 
 But notwithftanding all thefe Difficulties, (to his 
 Honour be it fpoken ) He has not yet put us to one 
 Farthing Expence on the Account of fecret Service ; 
 and I am confident that he will always fcorn to 
 jhelter any Sum under that Head. If he cannot 
 conquer, he will not corrupt ; and as He has Veteran 
 Troops in the Opera Service, he thinks them fuffi- 
 cient for his Purpofe, without hiring or Handing in 
 Need of mercenary Auxiliaries. Friends, who are 
 to be had for Money, and Enemies, who are to be 
 fubdued by it, are, in his Opinion, equally defpi- 
 cable. 
 
 The Italian Comedians, in this Warfare, were 
 willing to have acceded; but he wifely difcovered 
 that they were very likely to become an expcnfive 
 Ally, and fo dexteroufly got rid of them. Hap'py 
 is it for this Society (of which I have myfelf the 
 
 Honour
 
 144 The CR'AFTSMAN. N 24. 
 
 Honour to be a Member) that we have fo worthy 
 and uncorrupt a Man in the Management of the 
 Treafure of it ! With what Contempt do I look down 
 on the greatefl Men, when I compare them with 
 Mr. KIPLIN, and find them inferior to him in Vir- 
 tue and Integrity ? 
 
 The Earl of Leieefter, in Queen Elizabeths Time, 
 was a very great Man ; but you will find this faid of 
 him in the Memoirs of his Life', (p. 78.) 
 
 ROBIN playetb the BROKER in all bis Affairs* 
 and maketh the uttermoft Penny of her Majefty every Day} 
 
 Happy, thrice happy Mr. KIPLIN ! of whom This 
 cannot be faid with any Juftice,even by your Enemies ! 
 
 I remember another unlucky Application made to 
 a late Treafurer (I mean in Queen Annfa Reign) from 
 one of Sir John Sucklings Plays. 
 
 Tberis little ROBIN, in Debt within .tbefe few 
 Tears, grown FAT and FULL. 
 
 But who can impute to Mr. KIPLIN, that he is 
 either FAT or FULL ? 
 
 I could produce a thoufand Foils out of Hiftory to 
 illuftrate the Character of this upright, great Man ; 
 but One more (hall fuffice. When the Earl of 
 CLARENDON was impeached, the Largenefs of his 
 Fortune and the fudden Acquifition of it was made 
 an Article againft him. In his Anfaer he acknow- 
 ledges that if the Faff could be proved, the Confe- 
 quence of Guilt would be undeniable; avid, in his 
 Defence, he urged that he was not really pofleffed 
 of the Wealth, which the World fuppofed him to 
 be. The only Inference, which I mall draw, in Be- 
 half of Mr. Kiplin, is,- that if immenfe Riches be a- 
 lone a fufficient Proof of Guilt, Poverty ought cer- 
 tainly to be allowed a Mark of the utmoft Honour 
 and Integrity. Such a Man I will pronounce Mr. 
 KIPLIN to be, and do hereby recommend him as an 
 Example and Pattern to all TREASURERS, prefent 
 and to come. C. 
 
 A D V E R-
 
 N 25. fhe CRAFTSMAN. 145 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Juft Publiflied, 
 
 A Condolatory Epijlle to bis Soya! Higbxefs D K 
 CARLOS ; occajtoned by the reported Pregnancy cf her 
 IM p E R i A L Majcfty, the Emprefs O/'GERMANY, and 
 her MOST CHRISTIAN Maje/fy, the Queen of 
 FRANCE. 
 
 DON CARLOS, by marrymg the -elded A R c H- 
 DUTCHESS, cannot fail of being EMPEROR ; fo that 
 DON CARLOS may poflibly be at once EMPEROR, 
 King of FRANCE and King of SPAIN. 
 
 Enquiry into toe Reafons, Sec. 
 Printed for T. W. in Pater-noJlsr-Row. 
 
 N 25. Friday, March 3. 
 
 S it it is my Defign, in the Courfe of 
 thefe Papers, to pay the utmoft Re- 
 gard to all the kind Affiftances of my 
 Correfpondents, as far as it fliall be 
 confiftent, in any Meafure, with the 
 original Intention of this Undertaking 
 fo I muft rely on the good Nature of thefe Gentle- 
 men i who will, I hope, indulge me in fome Liber- 
 ties, that it will be necefl'ary for me to take with 
 their Letters, by adding or retrenching, \v\here I fee 
 Occafion for fo doing; as well as in the Publication 
 of them ; in which it will not always be proper for 
 me to obfcrve the fame Order of Time, in w^iich I 
 receive them. On the other Hand, I am rca^y to 
 aflure them, that I will never prefume to take any 
 wanton, or officious Freedoms of this Sort, by ma- 
 king any Alterations, but whe^e I think it abfolutely 
 . N ncceflary
 
 146 tfbe CRAFTSMAN. N 25, 
 
 neceffiiry or expedient for the better carrying 
 on this Defign ; nor . will I ufe any Partiality 
 in preferring one Letter to another, any farther than 
 as it conduces to the fame End ; fo that every Gen- 
 tleman's Thoughts may appear in their proper Place, 
 at the molt fcafomble Time, and coniequently to 
 the beft Advantage. 
 
 I hope this general Apology will fatisfy all Perfons, 
 who mail pleafe to favour me with their Correfpon- 
 ,-dcnce ; and that it will, in particular, excufe me to 
 the Gentleman, who obliged me with the following 
 Letter, as well as to Thofe, whofe Thoughts h^ve not 
 yet feen the Light. 
 
 To- CALEB D'ANVERS. Efa 
 
 SIR, 
 
 WHEN your UNCLE died, he was poffefled 
 of feveral Plantations in the Weft-Ivdia Co- 
 lonies, which are now veiled in you, amongft his o- 
 ther Eftates, by. Virtue of his laft Will -x^A 'lejltunent. 
 They were then in good Order, and in flourifhing 
 Circumftances ; for as he was fenfible of their Value, 
 and how beneficial they were to his Ellate in S'tafsrd- 
 jhirc, he wifely encouraged his 'Tenants to improve 
 them. But alas ! how have they fince gone to De- 
 cay, through the rapncio.us Temper of fame of your 
 Stewards, and the Ignorance of others, who had the 
 Care and Management of them ! by which Means, 
 many of your Tenants have been obliged to remove ; 
 and it is thought that others will follow, to the 
 great Detriment, if not the utter Ruin, of thofe E- 
 ftates. Good Mr. D'ANVERS, make fome Enquiry 
 into thofe Affairs, before it be too late. Confider the 
 Confequence to yov.r own Intereft, as well as to 
 Them. ' Should they continue under the fame or any . 
 other Difcouragements, how will you be able to 
 vend many Commodities, which are produced from 
 
 your
 
 N 25. *fbe CRAFTSMAN. 147 
 
 your Eftate in StaffbrJJbire? Has not that Eftate 
 been improved from twenty to thirty Years Purchafe, 
 fince thofe Plantations have been in your Family ? 
 Will it not be afFefted in Proportion as they decline? 
 How will you cultivate thofe Lands, or procure new 
 Tenants, mould the prefent Pofleflbrs quit their Leafcs? 
 It is high Tim; to. bok into the, Conditions granted 
 by your Uacle, which eacourag'd thorn to go over (at 
 the hazard of their Lives and Fortur.es) to fettle thofe 
 Lands and to fee them punctually perform'd ; and fince 
 fuch great Advantages arife from the Labour of thofe 
 induftrious People, it is certainly your Intereft rather to 
 augment than diminiih their Privileges, rs it may in- 
 duce others to go over, and by thofe A' cans the Value 
 of vour Eflittes will be increafed prof ortionably. 
 
 Tho World is perfectly convinc'd of your humane 
 and compaffiomte Temper; of which the Appoint- 
 ment of your Stewards, from Time to Time, are cer- 
 tain Demonllrations ; but then your own Interett and 
 the Eife and Satisfaction cf your Tenant! feein ton we 
 been very little, if at all, confidcred, 
 
 I am inform'd that one of your Plantations will ad- 
 mit very great Improvements, having forne thoufand 
 Acres of manurable Land belonging to it, which has 
 hitherto been negleded and uncultivafed. Is it nat 
 your Intereft to fend over an a We, i'.idicions Perfon to 
 manage it ; one that underftands the Nature of Soil; 
 who has fomc Knowledge in Trade ; and >vill be at the 
 Pains of looking into former Mifmamgments,-and rec- 
 tify them } one, who confiders Ma'nkind as his Fe/bto- 
 Creatures', and tho he has aSuperiority over your Te-~ 
 tiants, yet will not treat them as his Yaffils, r.nd invade 
 their juft Rights and Properties, in manifeft Breach of 
 the laudable Precepts of your Family? 
 
 It is reported, that fome of your Tenants had taken 
 a Refolution of acquainting you with their 'Grievances* 
 which were become almoft infuportable ; and accord- 
 ingly wrote you a Letter^ in the moH humble and 
 ' N 2 fubmiffive
 
 148 fflbe CR.AFTSMAK. N 25, 
 
 fubmiflive Terms; but notwithftanding the fair 
 Speeches of one of your Servants, and his Promifes to 
 deliver it, there are fome Grounds to believe that it ne- 
 ver came to your Hands ; for it was foon after taken 
 up dirty and torn in St. James's-ftreet, where he ei- 
 ther designedly or carelefsly dropped it. 
 
 A NEIGHBOURING GENTLEMAN, who is of 
 
 Trench Extraction, has two or three Plantations, at no 
 great Diftance from yours. It is almoft incredible, 
 xvhst vaft Improvemeats he has made on them within- 
 a few Years ;for however ftri&ly he purfues the rigid 
 Maxims of his Predeceffars, yet hejuflly confiders that 
 the only Way to make them flourifh, is to grant his 
 ^Tenants and Servants fuch Priviledges as may induce 
 them to go over and fettle there. By fuch like Me- 
 thods his Plantations thrive to that Degree, that want- 
 ing more Land, he makes no fcruple of running to his 
 next Neighbour, who is his UNCL E ; and tis thought 
 that in Time he will joftle him out of the Whole. If 
 he ufes fo near a Relation after that Manner, what may 
 you expect, whenever it is convenient for him, or he 
 lias it in h's Power ? For whatever Profefliont he makes 
 to you may be oritygr'-mace. Very few of your Friends 
 imagine him to be Jt a fere', or that he has any real va- 
 lue for you- In fliort, Mr. D'ANVERS, I don't like 
 the Principks of that young Gentleman, who has made 
 fuch early Difcoveries of the fame Temper ar.d Dif- 
 poiitipn, which his Grandfather \vzs of; and He was 
 ib litigious an old Gentleman ; that 'tis well known he 
 was all his Life at Law with his Neighbours ; that he 
 ieldom had lefs than two or three Suits at a Time, up- 
 on his Hands, and fometimes feven or eight and 
 that he bore an implacable Enmity to your UNCLE, 
 who had the Goodnefs to fupport Thofe, who were 
 jiot otherwife able to go to Law with him, in Defence 
 of their juft Rights and Properties. 
 
 As I have been at his Plantation, as well as yours, 
 I intend hereafter, if I find it will be acceptable, to 
 
 give
 
 N" '25. The GRAFTS MAN. 149 
 
 give you fome other Hints,which may he ufeful ; for I 
 have Reafon to believe that you have very imperfeft 
 Notions of them, as well as' your domeftickServ t mts,\!Ci\- 
 der whofe p rticular Province they are ; either through 
 the Multiplicity of other Affairs, which engrofles fo 
 much of their Time, that they cannot give the Atten- 
 tion which is neceffary ; or the falfe Reprefentations of 
 your Stewards abroad, to cover their ownJtnt/lerDefigHs. 
 It is no new or uncommon Thing, when they find 
 their Scberms for enriching themfelves, at any Rate, 
 meet with Oppofition, to load your Tenants with Terms 
 of Reproach ; as feditious, turbulent Spirits, Jaco- 
 bites, and fuch other opprobrious Names, as they im- 
 agine will render them obnoxious to your Self or 
 your Domefticks. Notwithftanding This, I dare ven- 
 ture to affirm, that no Part of Mankind can be more 
 fteadily and heartily attached to your Per/on and In- 
 tereft than they are ; nor are they wanting in fuch 
 Demonflrations as are in their Power,or their remote 
 Situation will admit of. They are indeed tenacious 
 of their Rights and Liberties ; but, as they claim no o- 
 ther Privileges, than what they enjoyM in their tiativc 
 Country, and pay the Obedience, which is due to 
 you as their rightful and lawful LANDLORD; it 
 canhot be fuppofed that their infifting upon what they 
 are' intitled' to by Birth, will be difagreeable, when 
 it is underftodd; that This is their only Aim and 
 Defign, and that they contend for nothing more. 
 
 , -..(!,/ am, with the utmcjf SubmJJfion y 
 
 SIR, Tour mo ft Obedient, and 
 .-j-, tU! fc>.;joi^ tiiwy-,,- . fCfTJ.MJ 
 
 moff Faithful Servant 
 O. WILL. BRITON. 
 
 Hampftead Jan. 
 
 *"' 
 
 .." J Mti -.v ; 1/J.i < ..^- . 
 
 NT. AD-
 
 RAFTSMAN. 
 
 N 
 
 In a few Days will be published, 
 A GENERAL APOLOGY for all MINISTERS OF 
 STATE, from SEJANUS down to the prefent Times \ iff 
 which the Complaints of Mifmanagement, Corruption, 
 and Oppreffion will be demonflrated to be groundlefs, 
 and occafiorfd only by Envy, Faftion, Difappointment 
 and Revenge. To which will be added, A Catalogue 
 of tbofe eminent Writers, upon whoje Authority this 
 Work will be built. 
 
 Nee Pudor obftabit Juv. 
 
 Printed for T. W. in Pater- nofter Row. 
 
 N 26. Monday^ March 6. 
 
 Si defendere deliftum, quam vertere ma//es, 
 Nullum ultra verbum aut operam infumebat inanent, 
 Qriinftne Rivali,TEQUE ^f Tu A jolus amares. Hor. 
 
 AVING taken on myfelf the Charadler 
 and Profeffion of a publick Writer, I 
 defign, by Degrees, to retail out to my 
 Countrymen all the various Obferva- 
 tions, u hich I have been treafuring up 
 for thefe many Years paft ; and, like 
 my immortal Predeceflbr, the Spefiator, to print my 
 jelfout. If all, that I mail thus communicate, mould 
 not happen to be thought Subjefts of Inftruftion, 
 yet I hope at leaft they will be looked on as Matters 
 of innocent Ainufement. 
 
 When I firft fet forth in the WorlH, and was capa- 
 ble of making any Refleftions on publick Affairs, the 
 Mifmanagement and Corruption of King Charles the 
 Second's Reign, furnim'd the common Topicks of 
 Converfation j an d I very wefl remember, that no- 
 thing
 
 N 26. The CRAFT s MAN. 
 
 thing gave keener Difguft, or was mention'd with, 
 more Afperity by the Whigs of thofe Times (who- 
 ftiled themfelves the Country Party ) than that unna- 
 tural Conjunction, as it was then called, of the Pow- 
 ers of England and France to deftroy the Republick of 
 Holland ; which was a Circumftance of fuch Import- 
 ance to Europe, that it occafion'd many and various 
 Speculations on the Rife and Progrefs of that popular 
 State; as well as on the great Danger, to which it 
 was reduced, of being entirely fubverted by that 
 War. 
 
 The Counfels of England took this unhappy Turn, 
 as it was then generally efteemed, and began to fwerve 
 from their true Intereft,. as well as from their former 
 Conduct, under the Adminiftration of Sir THOMAS 
 CLIFFORD, who was at that Time at the Head of 
 the TREASURY ; a Man of a voluble Tongue, but 
 of a bold and cnterprizing Spirit, without Knowledge 
 or Capacity equal to his Defigns. He had, in feveral 
 Inftances, difcover'd his Enmity to that State, be- 
 fore it broke out into Meafures of Hoftility. He be- 
 gun with complaining of Incroachments uponTRADE, 
 and fpirited up our Eaft-India Company to bring 
 Remonftrances againft them ; which were, in that 
 Reign, made Ufe of as the Pretences of War, and as 
 conftantly laid afide, upon Condufions of Peace. Sir 
 William Temple fays ( in a Letter to his Father upon 
 this Occafion) that our Pretenfiom upon the Bujtnefs 
 of Surinam, and the Eaft- India Company have grown 
 high, and been managed with Sharpnefs between us and 
 the States, and grounded (as Monjieur de Witt con- 
 ceivet) more upon a Dejlgn of Jbewin% tkem our ill Hu- 
 moar than our Reafon. The Minifter reprefented 
 them as treating even the PERSON of the KING ill, 
 and endeavoured to render them odious to the Peo- 
 pje, by letting thenti forth as treacherous in all their 
 Negociations and Profeffions. Nay, he went fo far 
 as to pra&ice upon Sir William Temple to join with 
 
 him
 
 I C2 %e CRAFTSMAN. N 26. 
 
 > 
 
 him in fachfaffe Reprcfcntations as would beft ferve 
 his pernicious Purpofes ; a Method, which has been 
 too common under bad Adminiftrations ; but it was 
 rejefted with Scorn by that able , and honeft Ambaf. 
 fador, as we may find in the fame Letter before cited, 
 where he fays, that being very hardly prefs'd by Sir 
 Thomas Clifford to refume the Affair of Surinam and 
 the Enjl-India Company ; and, in cafe of the Non- 
 compliance of the Dutch, to let the King and all the 
 World know bow bafely and unworthi/y the States bad 
 ufed him; and to declare fublukly bow .their Minifttrs 
 were a Company of Rogues and Rafcals, and not ft for 
 bis Majefty or any ether Prince to have any Thing to 
 
 do with- - He anfwered very calmly, that he was 
 
 not a Man Jit to make SUCH DECLARATIONS.. 
 
 This evil Minifter was fo intent upon another War 
 with Holland) that He refolved, by any Methods, to 
 pick a Quarrel with them, and provoke them to fome 
 Adlion, which might be made the Pretence of juftify- 
 ing it to the People, and reprefenting them as the 
 Authors of it. Accordingly, within a Year after this 
 unwarrantable Attempt upon that great and worthy 
 Man, he bethought himfelf of another Stratagem ; 
 which, in his Opinion, could not fail, of producing 
 the defired Effeft ; for the fame Author informs us, 
 that a Yatcht being fent over to Hoi I and to bring 
 home his Lady and Family from the Hague, the 
 Captain received publick Orders from Court, that if 
 he came in fight of the Dutch Fleet (which was then 
 floating in the Channel) he mould fail thro' them, 
 and fire at thofe Ships, which were next him, till he 
 made them, ft r ike Sail, 'or till they ft ot at bim a^aix. 
 He paffed, it fecms, into Holland, without feeing 
 them ; but as he returned (with. the Lady Tctnple and 
 her Children aboard; he met the pleet, and purfued 
 his Orders, by^ failing through them, and making fe- 
 ver al Shot at thofe near him; upon which, the Dutch 
 Admiral ("not furpefting the 'Reafon of fuch an ttnac- 
 ' ' - - count-
 
 N 2.6: tfhc CRAFTSMAN. 153 
 
 countable Procedure, and believing them to be in feme 
 Diftrefs) immediately feat a Boat aboard them, and 
 went afterwards himfelf to enquire into the Occafion 
 of their firing 1 ; and being acquainted by the Captain 
 with his Orders, he faid it was a Point they had re- 
 ceived no Inftruclions about from their Matters, and' 
 did not know how that Affair was agreed on between 
 his Majejly and the States but though it were fettled, 
 yet, as he juftly obferved, the Captain could not ex- 
 peft that the Fleet and Admiral mould ftrike to a 
 Tatcb, which was but a Pleafure-Boat, or at leaft 
 ferved only for Paffage, and could not pafs for one of 
 the King's Men of War- To which the Captain re- 
 ply'd, that he had his Orders, and was bound to fol- 
 low them. However, the Admiral let them pafs 
 fafely through his whole Fleet, without offering any 
 return of Hoftility ; and thereby, in a great Meafure, 
 defeated the quarrelfome Defign of the Englijb Miniftry. 
 
 But Clifford was determined on a Rupture; and at 
 laft ftruck a Blow, which put it out of the Power of 
 the Dutch to prevent it, by attacking their Smyrna 
 Fleet, and thereby commencing a War, the fatal Con- 
 fequences whereof have been ever fmcc felt in Europe. 
 
 About the fame time, it was obfervable that this 
 daring Minifter was created a Peer, and made Lord 
 High Treafurer, for propofmg the Expedient ofjbut- 
 ting up the Exchequer ; which was the laft Shift he 
 had left, defperate as it was, to fupport his Matter un- 
 der thofe Difficulties, in which he had involved him, 
 by fuch precipitate and extravagant Cpunfels. 
 
 I cannot forbear taking Notice in this Place (which, 
 I hope will not be efteemed an improper Digreffion) 
 what an infuperable Antipathy and Rancour the Ge- 
 nerality of the People of England, and cfpecially the 
 whole Body of the Whigs, had conceived at that 
 Time, and have ever fince retained, till very lately, 
 againjft the French Nation ; as if an Alliance* or even a 
 
 friendly
 
 1 54 Z'be CRAFTSMAN. N* 26. 
 
 friendly Correfpondence . with them- were of the moft 
 dangerous Confequence to the Intereft of this Kingdom. 
 I have now before me, a Book, .entitled, The Secret 
 Hiftory (//"EUROPE, in three Volumes, written no 
 longer ago than the lafl Reign, by one of the hot- 
 brain'd Zealots of that Party, which is fluffed, in al- 
 inoft every Page, with the bittereft and moft indecent 
 Reflections on that great People, as well . as on Thole, 
 who were fuppofed, at that Time, to be in their In- 
 tereft. I will beg Leave only to quote a Pailage or 
 two, from which we may judge of the Spirit of the 
 Author, as well as of Thofe, who were then known 
 to carefs him, and encourage his Works. 
 
 Having mentioned the ec'clefiaftical C.omm.ijfioa of 
 King James the Second's Reign,.' he endeavours to 
 jultify fome of the Qentlenien, who were concerned 
 in that illegal Commijfion* and particularly the late 
 Duke of Buckingham ; for which Purpofe he produces 
 a Paffage out of the Letter, which his Grace,, then 
 Earl of Mulgrave, wrote to Dr. Tillotjon, after the Re- 
 volution* . 
 - " I appeal, fays bis Lordjhip, to the.unqueftionable 
 ' Teftimony of the Spanijb. Ambaflador, if I did not 
 f zealoufly and co'nftantly take .all Qccafions to.pppofe 
 ? the Frenfb Intereji; becaufe .1. knew i.t dire ft ly ip- 
 ' fofite both to the Kin^m&.KjjigdQm^ Good, .which 
 'are indeed; T^i^s-'infeparablg, and ought to be ac- 
 '-'conntedfcs -a fundsunental .Maxiro, in all" Councils 
 ' rsf. Princes^ 
 
 : Upon which, timfaret- Hiftorian and furious Parti- 
 san mijces the . following Obfervation. 
 
 " This, .fays be, his .Lordfhip wrote, when there 
 was no War declared againil France ; and This is 
 the. MrfArw.that. I /hall ever labour to advance in 
 the Minds df all boneft Britons ; frankly confeffing, 
 tliat whatever Denomination I may pafs under for 
 my Love of Liberty, and. our happy Gonftittttion, I 
 i : .- ** never
 
 N 26. 3%e CRAFTSMAN. 155 
 
 " never was, and never fhall be a WHIG, farther than 
 f( is explained in the AfTertion of this noble Lord, 
 " that the French Interejt is direttly oppofite to the 
 << Good of my Queen and Ccuntry ; and that the In- 
 " tereft of my Queen and Country are infeparable 1 . 
 " 'Tis for This, and This only, I write ; and fliall 
 " continue fo to do, as long as it is thought to be of 
 " any Service. 
 
 He tells us, in another Place, upon King James's 
 admitting Moniieur Earillon and the Count de Lau- 
 foninto all his Councils, that " the former would, at 
 " that Time, have frightened the Engttjh with Re- 
 " prefentations of the Power and Bigotry of the Houfe 
 " of A u s T R i A ; it being the Policy of the French, 
 " to reprefent that Houfe as impotent or powerful, as 
 " Enemies or Friends to the PROTESTANTS, ac- 
 cording as the prefent Turn is to be ferved by it. 
 
 And, in another Place, he fays, " Tho' I (hall nc 1 '- 
 * ver contribute to the 'Infraction of any Treaty with 
 " any Prince whatfoever, I mail always haVe an Ab- 
 " horrence for a "French Inter-eft, fo contrary to that 
 " of England* " 
 
 I could cite a Multitude of Paffiiges to th^e fame 
 Effedl:, out of tLis Book ; which is indeed full' df 
 them, from the Beginning to the End. Nor is- fife 
 the only Author of this Kind'; for it would 'be* art' 
 eafy Task to produce a Cart-load of Bools, Pamphlets 
 and loofc Sheets, publilhed by Men of the famcSt'amjp^ 
 fince the Reparation, in order to inculcate the fa'rhe 
 malevolent Principles of Averfion to Tranct into the 
 Minds of the People of this Kingdom. 
 
 For my Part, as I always difapproved of thefe ge- 
 neral In vedives my felf, even when they were moft 
 current and fajhionable ; fo I cannot help declaring 
 my Agreement with a late ingenious and couYtiy Wri- 
 ter, who very juftly ^obferves, *' that 'tis' not -the 
 " Emperor, nor' France, nor Spain, not this, nor 
 ** t'other Potentate, to whom we muft keep up a 
 
 " perpetual
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N 16. 
 
 " perpetual Oppojition, or grant a conftant Ajpftance. 
 ' ' Power will always be flu&uating amongft the Prin- 
 ' ces of Europe, and wherever the prcfent Flow of it 
 " appears, there is our Enemy > there the proper 
 " Objecl of our Fears- 
 
 But, to return. I muft obferve that however the 
 State and Circunaftances of Affairs in Europe may 
 have lately altered ; and however Parties may run 
 at prefent, it is certain and demonftrable, that our 
 Alliance with France, in King Charles II's Reign, 
 was, to give it the fofteft Name, a manifeft Blunder 
 in Politicks ; fince that War, thus unjuitly and unad- 
 vifedly entered upon, raifed France to fuch an Height, 
 by joining with Her to over run the Netherlands, 
 that it was the chief, if not the only Occafion of 
 the two \3&.confuming Wars, ( which coll us fo much 
 Blood, and involved us in fo much Debt ! ) and had 
 very near deftroyed that popular State, which had, 
 in its Rife and Progrefs, furprized the whole World ; 
 a State, which, by its excellent OEconomy, not only 
 xaifed it feif to that Height, in which it once flourifh- 
 ed, and to which it is now, in fome Meafure, reftor- 
 ed ; but has alfo furnifhed, by their Example, fome 
 excellent Inftruftions to all free States, for their 
 Conduft, (making proper Allowances for the diffe- 
 rent Conftitutions of their Governments ) which I 
 beg Leave to tranfcribe from Sir William Temple. 
 
 One Circumftance, which he mentions as an oc- 
 .cafwn of their Greatnefs, "was the Simplicity and 
 " Modefty of their Magiftrates, in their way of Liv- 
 " ing ; which is fo general, fays he, that I nevr 
 *' knew one among them 'exceed the common, fru- 
 gal, popular Air ; and fo great that, of the two 
 chief Officers in my Time, Vice-Admirai dt Rui- 
 ter, and the Penfioner de Witt, ( one generally 
 efteemed by foreign Nations as great a {Seamtn, 
 and the other as great a Statefman, as any of their 
 Age) I never faw the Firft in Cloaths better than 
 
 " the
 
 N' 2.6. The CRAFTSMAN. 15^ 
 
 *' the commoneft Sea Captain, nor with above one 
 " Man following him, nor in a Coach ; a-nd, in his 
 " Houfe, neither was the Size, Building, Furniture, 
 *' or Entertainment at all exceeding the Ufe of every 
 common Merchant and Tradefman in this Toxvn. 
 < For the Penfioner de Witt, who had the great In- 
 " fiuence in the Government, the whole Train and 
 " Expence of his Domefticks went very equal with 
 " either common Deputies, or Minifters of the State ; 
 " his Habit grave, and plain, and popular ; his Ta- 
 " ble, what only ferved turn for his Family or a 
 * Friend ; his Tnin (bcfides Commiflarics and 
 " Clerks kept for him in an Office, adjoining to his 
 Houfe, at the publick Charge) was only one Man, 
 who performed all the menial Service of his Houfe 
 at Home ; and, upon his Viiits of Cefemony, put- 
 ting on a plain livery Cloak, attended his Coach 
 abroad ; for, upon other Occaflons, he was feen ufu- 
 ally in the Street on Foot and alone, like the com- 
 moneft Burgher of the Town. Nor was this 
 Manner of Life affefled, or -ufed only by thefe 
 particular Men"; but WAS' the general Fafhion and 
 Mode among all the M.igiitrates of the State ; for.. 
 I fpeak not of the military Officers, who are reckon- 
 ed their Servants, and live in a different Garb, 
 though generally modeller than in other Coun- 
 " tries. 1 ' 
 
 He concludes this Head, as I will this Paper, with 
 the following excellent Observation. 
 
 " Thus this ftoniachful People, who could not 
 " endure the lealt Exercife of arbitrary Power Of 
 " Impofitions, or the Sight of any foreign Troops 
 " under the Spanijb Government, have been fince 
 " inured to all of them, in the higheil Degree, un 
 " der their own popular Magiftrates ; bridled with 
 " hard Laws ; terrify'd with icvere Executions ; en- 
 " vironed with foreign Forces ; and oppreffed with 
 " the moil cruel Hardfhips, and Variety of Taxes, 
 O " that
 
 'fhe CRAFSTMAN. N 27. 
 
 that was ever known under any Government. But 
 all This, vvhilil the Way to Office and Authority 
 lies through thofe Dualities, which acquire the 
 general Efteem of the People ; whilft no Man is 
 exempted from the Danger and Current of the 
 Laws whiift Soldiers are confined to Frontier- 
 Garrifons, (the Guard of inland or trading Towns 
 being left to the Burghers themfelves) and whilft 
 no great Riches are feen to enter by pub lick Pay- 
 meats into private Purfes, either to raife Families, 
 or to feed the prodigal Expences of vain, extrava- 
 gant and luxurious Men ; but all publi-ck Monies are 
 applied to the Safety, Greatnefs, or Honour of the 
 State ; and the Magistrates themfelves bear an equal 
 Share in all the Burthens they impofe. " 
 
 C. D. 
 
 27. Friday ', March 10. 
 
 LETHARGO grandi eft 3* opprcffus. 
 
 Hnu. 
 
 HOR. 
 
 F all the Diilempers, which are inci- 
 dent to a State, none feems to be of" 
 a more dangerous Confequence than 
 what may properly be called a POLI- 
 TICAL LETHARGY ; which lays 
 all the noble Faculties, generous PafTi- 
 ons, and focial Virtues, as it were by Opium^ in a 
 profound Trance ; and thereby leaves publick ftiini- 
 ilers at their Difcretion, and under a ftrong Tempta- 
 l;ion to do whatever their Ambition diftates with Im- 
 jpunity, and \vitkput Obfervatioa.
 
 N 27. fbe CRAFTSMAN. 159* 
 
 When the generality of any Nation are feized with 
 this Malady, it ftupifies and benumbs all their Senfes 
 in fuch a Manner, that they cannot feel the moft a- 
 cute Pains, nor perceive the heavieft Burthens, the 
 fharpeft Calamities, or the moft grievous Indignities, 
 that are impofed upon them. A Man in a Lethargy 
 is, to all Intents whatfoever, whilft it continues upon 
 him, a dead Man ; having no more Notion of Health, 
 or Sicknefs, of Pleafure or Pain, of Riches or Po- 
 verty, of Liberty or Slavery than one, who has lain 
 a Year in his Grave. 
 
 A political Lethargy is, in every Refpeft, like a 
 natural one ; with this Aggravation, that whereas 
 the latter affefts only Individuals, by rendring the 
 World joylefs to them, at the fame Time that it ex- 
 empts them from all Senfe of Pain, Lofs and Impofi- 
 tion ; \hzformer, befides thefe Influences on private 
 Perfons, extends it felf to the Pnbllck, and makes 
 Pofterity feel the Efrecls of our Injeiifibility. 
 
 This popular Difeafg proceeds, like other Diftem- 
 pers, from different Caufes, and may be difcover'd by 
 various Symptoms ,- which it behoves me, who pro- 
 fefs my felf a political Phy/ician y to point out to my 
 loving Countrymen. 
 
 Sometimes it is, in a- Manner, inborn and arifes 
 from a natural Coldnefs and phle'ginatick Temper of 
 Mind, uninform'd with any publick Principles, or any 
 Regard for the Honour and Welfare of the Commu- 
 nity. When This happens to be the Cafe, and fuch 
 a languid Difpofition is mixt with the Blood, and in- 
 terwoven with the Conftitution, (which will appear 
 by a profefs'd Neutrality, and Indifference in all pub-- 
 lick Affairs ) it is in vain to apply any Remedy, or 
 endeavour at a Cure. The ftrongeft Reafons, and 
 moft urgent Exhortations will have no more Effect 
 upon fuch a Man, than upon a natural Idiot or Luna- 
 tick ', with whom he ought to be laid afide, and dif- 
 Q 2, regarded
 
 The C K A t T s M A N. N 27. 
 
 regarded by the Publick, as a Defect in the Creation, 
 and the u^lefs Lumber of a Commonwealth. 
 
 Sometimes it proceeds from Pufillanimity, or Indo- 
 lence ; from the Fear of Oppofition, or a falfe No- 
 tion of Quiet and Tranquility. There are many 
 Men, who do not want Abilities to difcern rfee Grie- 
 vances of the Pubiick, nor Inclinations to fee them 
 rcdrelsM ; and yet through a mean and daftardly Spi- 
 rit, and a Deiirc of living eafy, as it is call'd, chuie 
 to fit down contented, and patiently fubmit to any 
 Qppreffion, rather than flir a Finger againft the Op- 
 preilbr, or run the leaft Hazard in the Caufe of Vir- 
 tue and Liberty. As they have too much Senfe and 
 Integrity to concur with the publick Enemy in any 
 of his pernicious Defigns j fo they are very free, upon 
 all Occafior.s, to exprefs their hearty Wifhes to fee 
 them defeated and overthrown. But they are fo much 
 terrify 'd with great Names and bluftring Speeches, 
 that they arc not only difheartned from appearing a- 
 gainft them themfelves, but do all that lies in their 
 Power to difcourage others, by magnify 'd Difficulties 
 and frightful Reprefentations. They ieem to diftruft 
 the Judgment of all Opponents, at the fame Time 
 that they applaud their Zeal ; and look upon them, at 
 belt, as 'a Sort of frantick Entbujiafts for Liberty, 
 and well-meaning Ma '.men- 
 
 If fjch Principles fhould ever prevail, and the Ge- 
 nerality of Mankind fhould imitate the Conduft of 
 thefi negative Patriots, what an hopeful Condition 
 .would the World be foon in ? There would, no Doubt, 
 Ice excellent M.mgement, and moft bleffed Meafures 
 purfu'd in all Nations, provided Minifters were left, 
 iu this Manner, to do every Thing which foculd feent 
 good in tbi';r own Eyes, without any Oppofition or 
 Auimadverfion ! 
 
 By the fame Method of Reafoning, it would be 
 eafy to prove, that it is ridiculous to infill on the 
 ftrid Obfervatiou of any moral or chrifiian Duties, 
 
 whilit
 
 N 27. 'The CRAFTSMAN. 161 
 
 whilft there is fo general a Current againft them, and 
 fo little Probability that any Preaching or Fains will 
 ever be able to bani/h Vice and Wickednefs intireiy 
 out of the World. Yet as the Prevalence of Irrmo- 
 rality will not excufe the Clergy from being zealous 
 in their Exhortations againft it ; fo it is equally unju- 
 ftifiable, and leaft of all becomes Men of that Fundion, 
 to difcountenance publick Virtue and the Love of 
 their Country, by reprefenting the Practice of them, 
 either as dangerous or romantick ; and improving, by 
 thefe Means, on the flavifh Doftrine of ptijfive Obe~ 
 diencet by extending it even to the worjl of Mini- 
 Jlers. 
 
 But as it is the Duty of every honeft Man to (land 
 up, and contend, upon all Occafions, for the Rights 
 and Liberties of his Country, however powerfully 
 they may be, at any Time, invaded ; fo I have the 
 Satisfaction to obferve, that we do not want Inftances 
 in Hiftory, where a fmall Oppofition, vigoroufly car- 
 ried on and maintain'd with Conftancy, has been 
 found to prevail over the ftrongeft Combinations. 
 Even Defpair fometimes infpires Men with fuch Re- 
 folution as makes them forget all Danger, and fur- 
 mount all Difficulties, leading them on to Victory and 
 Triumph. This feems to have been the Cafe of the 
 Locrians, as Jujlin relates it, who marching into the 
 Field, with only fifteen Thottfand Men, againft the 
 Crotonians, who had no lefs than an hundred and 
 twenty Thoufand, and giving over all Hopes of Fiftory, 
 refolv'd to fall bravely in Battle, and unanimoufly a- 
 greed to fight it out to the laft Man ; defpair having 
 inspired every one of them with fo much Ardour, 
 thfct they efteemed an honourable Death a kind of Vic- 
 tory. But this glorious Refolution had another EfFecl, 
 and ended in the Defeat of their Enemies, notwith- 
 ftanding fo great a Difparity in Numbers. Dwn mori 
 honefte quarunt, feliciter vicerunt ; nee ati* caufa 
 , f uam quod defperaverunt^ 
 O 3
 
 The CRA? '?$MAN. N 27. 
 
 The fame Author, in ano.her Place, tells us that 
 the Cro:onians being foon after invaded by Dicnyjiuf, 
 with great Difadvantage on their Side, made a more 
 obftirare and fuccefsful Refinance with a f?na!l Num- 
 ber of Men againft a vaft Army, than they did be- 
 fore with fo many v Jfo#/rfW againft an Handful of the 
 Locrians. Upon which the Hiftorian makes this ju- 
 dicious Remark ; Tantum virtutis Paupertas adverfus 
 infolentes Divitias babet, tantoque infperata inferdum 
 fperata viftoria certior eft. 
 
 There are fo rmny Inftances of the fame Kind to 
 be met with in the Roman and Grecian Hiftories, 
 as well as in the Annals of moft other Nations, that 
 it would look like Pedantry or puerile Oftentation to 
 quote any more. Nor do thefe Things depend on 
 the Veracity and Authority of antient Writers, but 
 are fufficiently confirm' d by the Hiftory and Expe- 
 : rience of later Times j which will furnifh us with 
 feveral Examples of the moft powerful and formi- 
 dable Superiorities in Number, which have been over- 
 come by the Unanimity, Vigour and Refolution of 
 inferior Parties. 
 
 The Republick of Holland was reduced to fuch 
 Diftrefs, ibme'vhat above Fifty Years ago, by the 
 united Arms of England and France, as I mentioned 
 in my laft Paper, that the Lords of Awfterdam af- 
 lembled together, in order to confult what Metres 
 to tike. It even became a Queftion in Debate, 
 whether they Jboula not fend their Keys to the French 
 King at Utrecht ; and we are allured that fome of 
 them were fo much intimidated and poffefTed ol fuch 
 cowardly Tempers, that they were not afhamed to 
 argue publickly, in that Aflembly, for the Affirma- 
 tive t which perhaps might have been carried, if it 
 had not been prevented by Monfieur Tulip, (one of 
 ~lhe Burgomafters, a Man of a brave, invincible Spi- 
 rit,) who ran to the Window, and vow'd if they did 
 net lay afidc all Thoughts <?f fubcuttiug to France, 
 
 he
 
 K 27. fhe CRAFTSMAN. 163 
 
 he would call out to the People ( who were croud- 
 ing about the Stadtboufe) and have them torn to 
 Pieces ; which put an End to that fcandalous Dif- 
 pute. 
 
 Thus that great State was, in a Manner, refcu'd 
 from immediate Deftruftion by the Magnanimity of 
 one Man ; as it was afterwards fully fecured in the 
 Poffeffion of its former Liberties by the heroick For- 
 titude and Conduct of the young Prince of ORANGE, 
 ( that immortal Deliverer of his own Country, as 
 well as of ours ) to whom only it is owing that they 
 have ever lince continued to make a Figure amongft 
 the Nations of the Earth. 
 
 Thefe Examples, and a Multitude of others, with 
 which every Man's Reflection will fupply him, are 
 fufficient to mew, that the ftrongeft Confederacies 
 of Power, or the moil violent Torrents of Corrup- 
 tion ought not to difcourage us in the Caufe of 
 Virtue, nor induce us to defpair of Succefs. I (hall 
 therefore only add, under this Head, that as thofe 
 fneaking, timorous Semi-Patriots, who dare not open- 
 ly avow their Opinions, or aft according to them, 
 are always treated with Contempt by the Enemies 
 ef their Country, whofe Meafures they have not the 
 Courage to oppofe > fo they ought to be look'd on 
 in the fame Light by the djferton of Liberty, whom 
 they meanly forlake, and not to reap any Advantages 
 from the Manumiffion of their Country, -(when that 
 is effected ) to which they were afraid to contribute 
 their Afliftance. 
 
 Such Men deferve the fame Rebuke, which St. 
 John gave to the luh-warm Laodiceans. 
 
 I know thy Works, that tbou art neither cold acr 
 hot. / would tbou wert cold or hot. 
 
 So then becaufe tbou art lukewarm, and neither 
 cold nor hot, / will fpue tbee out of my Mouth. 
 
 But to return to the Caufes of a political Lethargy i 
 which is occafioned by nothing more commonly or 
 
 more
 
 164 %*he CRAFTS MAN. N 2.7. 
 
 more effectually than by a general Spirit of Luxu:y 
 and Profufion ; or a prevailing Appetite to foft ef- 
 feminate Inventions and wanton Entertainments. For 
 as thefe Things tend to enervate the Mind, fo they 
 have always been found to engrofs the Attention, and 
 divert the Thoughts from reflecting on ether Matters 
 of the utmolt Confequence ; which, under fuch an In- 
 fatuation, ceafe to give us any Satisfaction or Concern. 
 
 When the Spirit and Morals of a People are dif- 
 folved in Voluptuoufnefs, and its conftant Attendant, 
 Corruption, they give themfelves up intirely to the 
 Purfuits of private Pleafure, and care not how the 
 great Affairs of the World go on, as long as they can 
 proceed, without Interruption, in the full Enjoyment 
 of their favourite Diverfions. 
 
 And though ill defigning Minifters, in all Ages, 
 have constantly made ufe of thefe Methods to throw 
 their Fellow-fubjefts into fuch a Lethargy as I have 
 been defcribing, in order to carry on their wicked 
 Defigns with Safety, and many flourifhing Kingdoms 
 have been thereby deftroyed ; yet fuch a deceitful Si- 
 ren is PLEASURE, and has fuch an alluring Power 
 over thofe Minds, in which it has once found Ad- 
 mittance, that it is a Matter of the utmoft Difficulty 
 to free Mankind from its Tyranny, or convince them, 
 of their Danger, till it is too late to avoid it. 
 
 It is well known that the Subverfion of the Roman 
 Commonwealth was chiefly occafioned by fuch a pre- 
 vailing Diflblution of Manners j which was too nearly 
 eur own Cafe, in the luxurious Reign of King 
 Cbarles II. 
 
 But it is the peculiar Bleffing of this Nation at 
 prefent, that we live under an Adminiftration, which 
 does not ftand in Need of any fuch Arts to blind the 
 Eyes of the People, or lay us afleep in Luxury and 
 Indolence ; for, on the contrary, they feem to be fo 
 confcious of their Integrity, and the Juftice of their 
 Cauie, that they make ufe of *U Methods to awaken
 
 N 27. The CRAFTSMAK. 165 
 
 our Attention, and encourage us to examine their 
 Conduit. It is well known under vvhofe Direction a 
 late famous Book was written ; and by whofe Autho- 
 rity it has been difperfed through, the Kingdom ; 
 which, being an APPEAL to the Publick, gives e- 
 very Man a Liberty to make fuch farther Enquiries 
 into the Matters which it treats of, as he thinks pro- 
 per ; fince it is ridiculous to fuppofe that any Perifons 
 Ihould pretend to fubmit their Aftions to the Judg- 
 ment of the People, and at the fame Time not fuffer 
 the People to deliver their Judgment. We cannot 
 therefore have any Apprehenfions of Danger, whilft 
 Affairs are conducted in fo candid and impartial a 
 Manner; nor fufpecl any /'// Defigns in Men, who 
 have condefcended^r/? to toll the Alarm-bell ; which 
 may poffibly excite others to raife it, and ring it 
 #/ in the Ears of tbe Nation, D- 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Juft Publifh'd, 
 
 ttt^CREEN SCREENED; Or, a SPI- 
 RITUAL SALVO for <z POLITICAL CON- 
 SCIENCE. By a R. R. Cafuifl and Stickler n 
 both Sides* 
 
 met? ; f(v*+j' v : 't,.3 i.-.!:ii.o i : ,' v*f ic:'.'i i;;H ^>': : 
 - Out of thine own Moutk will I condemn thee. 
 ci^S '"' 
 Printed for T. W. in Pater-nofter-Row.
 
 i6<5 
 
 fhe CRAFT SM AN. N 28. 
 
 N 28. Monday ', March 13, 
 
 CHURCHMEN are wofful, awkward Politicians. 
 They make lame Mifcbidf, though they mean it toe/!. 
 Their In? reft is not fnely drawn and bid ; 
 But Seams are coarfely bungled up and feen. 
 
 Dryd. Don. Sebaft. 
 
 Hough it is generally efteem'd an inde- 
 cent, as well as an invidious Task, for 
 a Man to mention himfelf, or extol 
 his own Family ; yet in fome Cafes 
 it becomes not only excufable, but 
 even praife-worthy j efpecially when 
 it is made neceflary for our Self-defence J- which I 
 hope will be thought a fufficient Apology for what 
 1 have already faid, and may hereafter have Occafion 
 to fay concerning my felf, in Anfwer to the Calum- 
 nies and Mtfreprefentations of my Enemies. 
 
 The Family of D'A N v E R s (as the Name is now 
 contracted from the old Writing De Anvers ) is of 
 very ancient ftanding, and of no inconfiderable Note 
 in this Kingdom j which I could eafily prove from 
 the moil authentick Books of Heraldry ; as I could, 
 from other undoubted Authorities, that feveral of our 
 Family have diftinguifh'd themfelves not only in the 
 polite Profeffions, but in the more immediate Service 
 of their Country, both in Church and State, in the 
 Camp and the Cabinet, with great Ability, and un- 
 corrupt Virtue ; efpecially, of late Years, in the 
 HOUSE OF COMMONS. 
 
 But as the trueft Patriots are commonly moft ex- 
 pofed to Obloquy and Reproach, fo our Houfe has not 
 
 beca
 
 K 28. The CRAFTSMAN. 167 
 
 been able to efcape the Malice of evil-minded Men, 
 who Jh'jQt their Arrows againft us, even bitter Words 
 and, for want of any juft Ground of Complaint or 
 Reflection, they take a mean Pleafure in having Re- 
 courfe to our Name ; which, being of foreign Extrac- 
 tion, they endeavour to render odious to the People 
 of this Kingdom ; who are remarkable for a peculiar 
 Fondnefs of their own Country, and ( I hope I may 
 fay without Offence) too partial a Prejudice againft all 
 ethers. 
 
 As thefe are known to have been general national 
 Reproaches, at all Times, and againft all Perfons, as 
 well as us, who have not the Happinefs to be of Eng- 
 HJb Birth or Extraction ; fo I could not have the 
 Weaknefs even to hope that I mould avoid them un- 
 der a publick Character, which naturally tends to 
 excite Envy in fome, and Hatred in others, who are 
 engag'd in a different Caufe ; for which Reafon, a 
 Man in thefe Circumftances muft expeft that every 
 little Story to his Difadvantage will be trumpt up, 
 and the leall Handle for Reflection laid hold of by 
 his Aduerfaries, in order to defeat his Defigns, and 
 promote their own. 
 
 I have fufficiently experienc'd this already in my 
 own Cafe , and e{pecially with Regard to that popular 
 Prejudice, of which I have been fpeaking, againft 
 every thing that is FOREIGN. My Enemies feem to 
 take abundance of Delight in ridiculing my Name, 
 and have been moft unmercifully witty and fcurri- 
 lous upon that Occafion. They ftrenuoufly maintain, 
 that we came originally from ANTWERP ; becaufe, as. 
 they obferve, the French Name of that Town is 
 ANVERS , which being at prefent in Poffeffion of the 
 EMPEROR, they argue from thence, that I muft be 
 of the Imperial Faflion, and in the German Intereft. 
 
 I mail not undertake to difprove or deny this De- 
 duction of our Original ; having the fuliell Reafon to 
 believe that it is juit (if Tradition, Hiflory, and Fa- 
 mily
 
 168 The CRAFTS MAN. N2&. 
 
 mily Records may be depended on) and that we came 
 over hither, from G/V/MJ, with Archbifhop CRA\- 
 MER, at the Beginning of the Reformation, in order 
 to avoid the Persecution, which was fet on Foot in 
 thofe Parts againft Luther and his Followers ; to 
 whofe Doftrines our Family became early Profelytes, 
 and have ever fince immoveably adhered. I am there- 
 fore fo far from being afham'd to derive my Original 
 from thence, that Ifhall always efteem it as the great- 
 ell Honour to be ally'd, even at fuch a Diflance, to a 
 Nation, where the pure Gofpel of Chrift was firft 
 reviv'd from the Corruptions of Rome ; and to which 
 his moil excellent Majefty King GEORGE (the pre- 
 fent Ornament and Defender of the fame P rot eft ant 
 Faith] a: well as his Royal Family, for many Ages, 
 have owed their illuftrious Nativities. 
 
 But, whatever my Extraction may be, and whaf- 
 .ever grateful RefpecT: or hereditary Affeftion I may 
 retain for a Nation, which was once the dulce natah 
 jolum of my Anceflors ; yet it (hall never prevail over 
 my Duty to this Kingdom, which has vouchfafed to 
 adopt me ; nor draw me into the Imperial Intereft, 
 when it is inconfiflent with the Welfare of Great- 
 Britain. On the contrary, no Body can have a 
 ftronger Abhorrence of the Meafures, which have 
 been lately taken againft us by the common Enemy ; 
 nor behold, with more Indignation, the famous Ger- 
 man Faith, which has been fo long proverbially ufed 
 for the moft religious Adherence to Treaties and En- 
 gagements, declining into a Term of Reproach, and 
 fullied with Accufations of Ingratitude and Perfdi- 
 jwj'nefi. 
 
 Upon reading the Memorial, lately presented to h's 
 Majefly by Monfieur de P A L M (for which that Mi- 
 niiler has been juftly difmifs'd) I was extremely fur- 
 priz'd to find Language us'd in it, which would h.ive 
 "appeared indecent between Gentlemen ', and is much 
 more fo between crowrfa 1 Heads. This feems the 
 
 mere
 
 K 28. tfke CRAFTSMAN. i6p 
 
 more extraordinary from his Imperial Majefty, be- 
 cjufe the utmoft Refpecl has been paid Co his great 
 Character ; and, whatever the Zeal of forae private 
 Gentlemen might urge them to fay, yet no bard 
 Names t unprincely Epithets, or inflaming Language 
 Jias been publickly made ufe of, in the Height of all 
 our juft Indignation againfl him. Bat my Surprize 
 ceafed, when I was inform 'd, that this Memorial was 
 pen'd by a German B-iJbop, in conjunction with a Re- 
 negado French Jefuit, who has as much Influence o- 
 ver Him, as He has over fome Minifters at that Court. 
 Thefe two Perfons are, as I am told, employ 'd at pre- 
 fent in drawing up the Anfwer, which is promis'd in 
 the Memorial, to the ENQUIRY lately publifh'd here, 
 and fo often mentioned in this Paper. 
 
 Bat as the only Hopes of our Enemies feemed to 
 -confift in the general Difmclination of the People to 
 new Wars, Debts and Taxes > and the chief Defign 
 of this infolent Memorial was to exafperate and in- 
 flame the Kingdom againft the prefent Miniftry, by 
 reprefenting them as the file Authors of the Diftur- 
 bances of Europe ; fo we have the Satisfaction to fee 
 them grievoufly miftaken and difappointed in their 
 Expeditions ; for it appears from the ADDRESSES, 
 which have been lately fent up from all Parts, that 
 there never was a more vigorous Spirit of Britijb 
 Zeal and Loyalty amongft our Countrymen, than 
 what has difcover'd itfelf upon this Occafion. Every 
 Gazette abounds with the warmeft ProfefTions of Re- 
 fentment and Indignation againft the Enemies of their 
 Country, and of their chearful Submiffion to any 
 Burthens, which it may be judged neceflary to lay- 
 upon them ; in order to deftroy the Oftend Company ; 
 to fupport Gibralter ; to defeat the Deligns of a Po- 
 fijh Pretender ; and reftore the Tranquility of Eu- 
 rope. The good People of Totnes, in particular, are 
 fo far from being, in any wife, uneafy, under the four 
 Shillings ^<x Pound, Land-Tax, that they have made
 
 I 70 tfbe -CRAFTSMAN. N 28. 
 
 a Free-will Offer ing of the other Sixteen, and of eve- 
 ry 'Thing e/fe, that is dear and valuable to them. Nay, 
 that they might not leave the leaft Room for our 
 Enemies to triumph, either at Home or Abroad, they 
 -did not confine themfelves to the ordinary Method of 
 Addrejfing, by declaring their Affedtion to his T/t^jefly,, 
 and their Relocation to fuppcrt Him in this vigorous 
 .Manner, but feem to be in the moil dutiful Raptures 
 with the Zeal of his glorious Parliament, and the 
 .Conduct of his moft incomparable Miraftry ; in which 
 .uncommon Strain of Loyalty, they have been very 
 laudably fecondcd by the Gentlemen of Lynn- Regis, 
 and by fome other Burroughs of NORFOLK and 
 S ir s s E x . 
 
 There is indeed a noble Spirit, which animates all 
 .thefe AddreJJes, and makes them well worth the Peru- 
 fal of every curious and lioneft Briton. I will in- 
 itance only one more, viz.. That from the ancient 
 and loyal Corporation of Sbrttotfarj ; which, fpeak- 
 dng of our ALLIANCE, fays very juflly, as well 
 as very elegantly, that it will, in Tims to com?, ren- 
 der the H A N o v E R Enjigr.s more Hlvftriius tb.in the 
 confederated Eagles of the Roman r,n<l Ruffian Empires* 
 and -bind up the Golden Fleece of Spain in the renown- 
 ed Garter tf Great-Britain. 
 
 Such extraordinary Manifestations of Zeal, Satisfac- 
 tion, and Concurrence with Thofe at the Helm will, 
 I doubt not, extinguifh all the vain Hopes of our 
 Enemies, and give the greateft Mortification to this 
 frelatical Incendiary, when He fees all his vile So- 
 phiitry rejefted by the united Voice of the People, 
 as it has been already condemned by their Reprefenta- 
 tives affembled in Parliament. 
 
 This Prelate, it feems, had obftru<5led his own 
 ^Preferment in the Church by fevera] Writings and 
 Difcourfes, containing Poiitions, which had render'd 
 .not only his Orthodoxy, but .even his Cbriftianity 
 i'ufpetfced ; fo that <lefpairing to rife as a worthy 
 
 Churda-
 
 N 28. tfbe GRAFTS MA-N. 171 
 
 Churchman, he determined to try his Fortune as a 
 Politician ; and has fince wholly negleded fpiritual" 
 for the Sake of temporal Affairs. 
 
 I cannot forbear obferving, upon this Occafion, that 
 nothing does Religion more Prejudice than to fee' 
 Thofe, whofe Profeffion and Duty it is to inculcate 
 a Contempt of this World for the fake of a better r bu- 
 fying themfelves in worldly Cares, and- promoting 
 Differences and Animofities among Mankind ; for it 
 is plain that (tick Churchmen have no Notion of any 
 other future State, than that of TRANSLATION. 
 
 When Efcleji a/licks thruft themfelves fato the 
 pnblick Affairs of this V/orld, their Aclions are ge- 
 nerally rafh and cruel, and their Language unmanner- 
 ly and fcurrilons ; for as, like Ladies, they are by' 
 their Petticoats protected from the Confluences of 
 Railing > fo, like them too, they commonly make no 1 
 fmail ufe of that Privilege. 
 
 But, farther ; a Churchman, who meddleth with 
 State-matters without knowing them, muft be a we-k. 
 Man ; and He, who does know them, muft be a dif- 
 boncft Man, becaafe he muft have beftowed that Ap- 
 plication upon them, which was only due to his own 
 Pro.elliori. I look upon fuch a Man to be guilty of 
 Sacrilege in the higheft Degree ; for inftead of (erring 
 at the Altar, by which he lives* he robs the Altar, at. 
 which he does not Jer-je. 
 
 Thehte Bilhop Burnet, who concern'd himfelf in 
 tbofe Affairs as much as any Man, and underilood 
 them better than moft modern Churchmen, was fo 
 confcious of This, and fo fenfible that fucb Matters 
 did not belong to him, nor become his Function, that 
 in his Works we frequently meet with the fevereft 
 Cenfures of fuch Practices ; which the Force of Truth 
 extorted from Him, at the fame Time that they in- 
 cluded the ftrongeil Condemnation of Himfelf and his 
 
 E 3-
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N 29. 
 
 I will conclude with the pleafant Obfervation of 
 an Englijb Author (of the fame Stamp with this fedi- 
 tious German Prtlate, tho' not of the fame Funfiion) 
 who fays, That a Farfon in Politicks is like a Monkey 
 in a Ghfs-Jbop, where ke commonly does a great deal of 
 Mifchief, and cannot foffib/y do any Good. 
 
 A. C. 
 
 N 
 
 Friday , March 
 
 JJftr.tior Platoni, nibil tarn facile in anlmos teneros 
 atque molles influere quam cxnendi fonos, quorum did 
 vix poteji quanta Jit vis in utramque par tern ; narn- 
 que ct inc 'tat languentes & languefacit exdtatos j et 
 turn remittit arimos, turn contrakit i civitatumque 
 hoc mult arum in Graecia iriterfuit, antiquum vocunt 
 fervare modum ; quorum mores lapfi ad mollititm, 
 pariter funt immatari cum c ant i bus > aut bac dulce* 
 dir.e, corruptelaque depravati. 
 
 Cicero, lib. 2- de Legibus. 
 
 S J am very much obliged to the inge- 
 nious Author of the following Letter, 
 fo perhaps it will be expected that 
 I mould make fome Apology to the 
 Beaumonde for publiming a Difcourfe, 
 which tends fo directly to impugn 
 their moft darling Entertainments ; but I hope the 
 Polite of both Sexes will have the Goodnefs to con- 
 fider that it is the indifpenfable Duty of a Man, of 
 my Age and Character, to correft Vice and Folly of 
 all' Kinds, and under all Shapes, without any Regard 
 to Parties or Perfons. I fincerely wifh that there 
 may be no Weight in any of my Correfpondent's 
 
 Reafons
 
 N 2p. SuWtrC RAFT S M A"N. 173 
 
 Reafens or Examples ; and that we may prove the 
 fingular Inftance of a Nation, upon whofe Morals 
 Luxury, Corruption and unmanly Diversions fhalt 
 have no Influence. However if any Gentleman of 
 the Academy thinks he can refute thefe Objections, 
 and prove that no bad Confequences ought to be juft- 
 ly apprehended from fuch Entertainments in a war- 
 like and trading Nation, I mall always be ready to 
 give his Thoughts a Place in my Paper ; for as the 
 folc End of this Undertaking is to difcover Truth and- 
 expofe Vice, fo I will never give into that low and 
 contemptible Method of CoKtroverJy, which has been 
 lately introduc'd, by fuffering the World to fee only 
 one Side ot the Qneftion in Debate. 
 
 To CALEB D'ANVERS, 
 
 SIR, 
 
 ADifcourfe on Operas, and the gayer Pleafures of 
 the Town may feem to be too trifling for the 
 important Scene of Affairs, in which we are at pre- 
 fent engaged ; but I muft own my Fears, that the/ 
 will bear too great a Part in the Succefs of a W A R, 
 to make the Confideration of them foreign to it. A 
 very little Reflection en Hiftory will fuggeft this Ob- 
 fervation ; that every Nation has made either a great 
 or inconfiderable Figure in the World, as it has fal- 
 len into Luxury or refilled its Temptations. What 
 People are more diftinguifh'd than the Perfians under 
 Cyrus, nurs'd up in Virtue, and inur'd to Labours and 
 Toil ? Yet (in the (hort Space of 220 Years [" 1 ] ) 
 They became fo contemptible under Darius, as fcarce 
 to give Honour to the Conqueror's Sword. The 
 
 T i ] Liv- lib. 9. cap, 10. 
 
 . ...... 
 
 P 3 Spar-
 
 1 74 fbe CRAFTSMAN. N_2p. 
 
 Spartans, and the Long- rulers of the World, the Ro- 
 mans, fpeik the lame Language ; and I wifh future 
 Hiitory does not furnifh more modern Examples. 
 
 When the Mind is enervated by Luxury, the Body 
 foon falls an eafy Vi&im to it ; for how is it poffible- 
 to imagine that a Man can be capable- of the great 
 and generous Sentiments, which Virtue infpires, 
 whofe Mind is fill'd with the foft Ideas, and wanton 
 Delicacies that Pleafure muft infufe ? And were it 
 poffible to be warm'd with fuch Notions, could it 
 ever put them in Execution ? For Toils and Fatigues 
 would be Difficulties unfurmountable to a Soul dif- 
 folv'd in Eafe. Nor arc thefe the imaginary, fpecuh- 
 tive Ideas of a Clofet ; but fuch as have been the 
 Guide and Policies of thewifeft States. Of This we 
 have the moft remarkable Inftance in Herodotus. 
 " The Perftans, after their great and extended Con- 
 " quefts, denred Cyrus to give them Leave to re- 
 * move out of their own barren and mountainous 
 " Country into one more bleft by the Indulgence of 
 " Providence. But that great and wife Prince, . re- 
 " volving the Eftedl in his Mind, bid them do as 
 u they would ; telling them, at the fame Time, that 
 " for the Future they muft not expeft to command, 
 ** but obey j for Providence had fo order'd it, that an- 
 " effeminate Race of People were the certain Pro- 
 " duce of a delicious Country. " What Regard the 
 great Hiflorian had to this Opinion may be eafily col- 
 k&ed from his referving it for the Gonclufion of this 
 excellent Piece. And" the Cafe is direftly the fame, 
 whether Pleafures are the natural Product of a Coun- 
 try, OF adventitious Exoticks. They will have the 
 fame Effect, and caufe the fame extended Ruin. How 
 often have they reveng'd the Captive's Caufe, and; 
 made the Conqueror's Sword the Inftrument of his 
 own undoing ? Capua deftroy'd the braveft Army, 
 which Italy ever faw, flufh'd with Conqueft, and 
 by Haanibal. The Moment pua jwas
 
 N 29. 3~bt CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 taken, that Moment the Walls of Carthage trembled. 
 What was it that deftroy'd the Republick of" Atbem, 
 but the Conduft of Pericles ; [ 2 ] who by his perni- 
 cious Politicks firft debauch'd the People's Minds with, 
 Shews and Feftivals, and all the ftudied Arts of Eafe 
 and Luxury ; that he mighti in the mean Time, fe- 
 curely guide the Reins of Empire, and riot in Do- 
 minion ? He firft laid the Foundation of. Philip's 
 Power; nor had a Man of Macedon ever thought of 
 enflaving Greece, if Pericles had not firft made them 
 Slaves to Pleafure. [ 3 } That great Statfman Tibe- 
 rius clearly faw, what was the fureft Inftrument of 
 arbitrary Power ; and therefore refus'd .to have Luxury 
 redrefled,when Application was made to him in the Se- 
 nate for that Purpofe. Artful Princes have frequently 
 introduced it with that very View. Davila tells us, 
 that in an Interview and Semblance of Treaty with 
 the King of Navar, Catharine of Medicii broke the 
 Prince's Power more with the infiduous Gayeties of 
 her Court, than many Battles before had done. But 
 there is a fingle Paflage in [ 4 ] Herodotus, which 
 will fupply the Place of more Quotations. " When 
 Cyrus had received an Account that the Lydians 
 had revolted from him, he told Crasfus, with a 
 good deal of Emotion, that he had almoft deter- 
 mined to make them all Slaves. Crasfus beg'd him 
 to pardon them ; but, fays he, that they may no 
 more rebel, or be troublefome to you, command 
 them to lay afide their Arms, to wear long Vefts 
 and Buskins. Order them to fing and play on the 
 Harp ; to drink and debauch ; and you'll foon fee 
 their Spirits broken, and themfelves changed from 
 Men into Women ; fo that they will no more re- 
 
 [2] Plut. in Perid.& DemoJl.Orat. [3] Tac. 
 An, lib, i. cap. 33. [4] Herod, lib, i_. cap. 155. 
 
 '
 
 'fhe CRAFTS MAN. 
 
 (5) Cictn t lib. 2, de leg. caf. 3$. 
 
 Watt
 
 N 2$. ^CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 Plato is exprefly of Opinion, that the Mufick of a 
 Country cannot be changed, and the publick Laws re- 
 main unuffefted. Heroes will be Heroes, even in 
 in their Mufick. Soft and wanton are the warbled 
 Songs of (6) Paris ; but (7) Achilles fmgs the God- 
 like Deeds of Heroes. A noble, manly Mufick will 
 place Virtue in its mod beautiful Light, and be the 
 moft engaging Incentive to it. A well wrought Sto- 
 ry, attended with its prevailing Charms, will tranf- 
 port the Soul out of itfelf ; fire it with glorious Emu- 
 Jation ; and lift the Man into an" Hero ; but the foft 
 Italian Mufick relaxes arid unnerves the Soul, and 
 finks it into Weaknefs ; fo that while we receive their 
 Mufick, we at the fame Time are adopting their Man- 
 ners. The Effects of it will appear in the ftrongeft 
 Light from the Fate of the People of Sybaris ', a Town 
 in Italy, ftrong and wealthy ; blefled with all the 
 Goods of Fortune, and skill'd in all the Arts of Lux- 
 ury and Eafe ; which they carried to fo great an Ex- 
 cefs, that their very Horfes were taught to move and 
 form themfelves as the Mufick directed. Their con- 
 ftant Enemies, the People ofCrotona, obferving This, 
 brought a great Number of Harps and Pipes into the 
 Field, and when the Battle began, the Mufick play'd ; 
 upon which thefe well-bred Horfes immediately be- 
 gan to dance ; which fo difconcerted the whole Army, 
 that 300,000 were kill'd, and the whole People de- 
 ftroyed. Though this Story feems a little fabulous, 
 yet it contains, at leaft, a very good Moral. What 
 Effeft Italian Mufick might have on our polite War- 
 riors at Gibraltar, I can't take upon me to fay ; but 
 I wifli our Luxury at home may not influence our 
 Courage abroad. Q. 
 
 (6) Hor. lib. i. 04. 15. 
 
 Grataq; fojminis, 
 
 Imbelli cithara, cannina divides. 
 
 (7) Horn. i\id. j>. i8p.
 
 i>7 8 
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N 50. 
 
 N 30. Monday r , March 20. 
 
 To CALEB D'ANVERS, / f ; 
 7 
 
 HOUGH you have not publimed, 
 according to your Promife, an Account 
 of the whole Affair of ^ our Mi ROBIN ; 
 and the Motives, wbirb indmed you to 
 proceed, in a gentle Manner, with fo 
 ungrateful and rsfracJory a Servant ; 
 yet, it is very pleafing to your Friends, that they can 
 now fafely communicate their Thoughts, fmce you 
 have ordered your Letters to be taken in by your- 
 Bookfeller. Indeed, Mr. D^Anvers, it was no fmall 
 Grievance to have them intercepted, and iiifled, as 
 they were very frequently before ; for, how fhall your 
 poor Tenants and Servants be redrefs'd, when they 
 are injured^ if the Channel, through which their 
 Complaints are to be convey'd, is interrupted or 
 flopped up ? 
 
 To give you one Inftance of the Candour of your 
 Servants, and their Regard to the Intereft of your 
 Tenants, amongfl many others, which may be enu- 
 merated. They were often applied to, in relation to 
 fome Atts of Violence, committed by the Count PHI- 
 LIPEAUX'S Servants, without receiving any manner 
 of Satisfaction, except fair- Speeches, and Promifes, 
 which they are very bountiful in beftowing. Yet, I 
 am informed, that they have fence made Ufe of thofe 
 very Complaints, upon fome other Differences be- 
 tween you and that Gentleman, which are like to end 
 in. a troublefome and expenfive Law-fuit ; not that 
 
 thofe.
 
 :K 30. ffie CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 thole unhappy People will be in any wife the better 
 for it ; but it ferves a Turn at this prefent Juncture. 
 .Had They advifed you to refent thofe Abufe? in 
 time, it might have prevented fome other Injuries, 
 which you have fuflairi'd ; for Mankind are apt to im- 
 fofe on Tbofe, who will either bear it, or make the haft 
 Concejjion. 
 
 It has often grieved me, when I was at one of your 
 Plantations, which is elteemed the moft considerable 
 of them all, to fee the ruinous Condition it was in, 
 and the little Care that was taken to improve, or 
 keep it in order ; for it was over- run with Weeds, 
 .and the Enclofures were all broken down ; fo that no 
 Man's Property could be diiiinguifhed, or aflerted. 
 The Neighbours Cattle ranged in the Corn-Fields, 
 and Meadows ; and your Tenants were daily infulted, 
 nay plundered, without being able to obtain any kind 
 of Redrefs. Your Stewards and Servants at home, as 
 well as Thofe abroad, were too intent upon their 
 own private Affairs, to have any Regard to thofe 
 Oppreffions, or indeed to your Honour and Intereft, 
 which were affected by them ; and how can it be o- 
 therwife, when your Plantations are generally under 
 the Direction of indigent and ignorant Perfons ? Can 
 you reaibnably expect to be better ferved by fuch Men; 
 or that your Intereit, in thofe Parts, can be improved, 
 or even preferved from Deftruction, unlefs more Care 
 is taken of them ? What Complaints are daily made 
 of the infolent Behaviour of fome of your Domefticks, 
 and the corrupt Practices of others ? If They, who 
 are under your Eye, behave in that manner, is it 
 not reafonable to lay Thofe under a greater >Reilraint, 
 who are at a diitance, and veiled with Powers too 
 extenfive to be reported in the Hands of any Mor- 
 t^l ; the Generality of Mankind being Tyrants in their 
 Nature, and not to be trujled witb an unlimited 
 Power ? 
 
 I
 
 iSo tte CRATTSMAN. N 30. 
 
 I could wifli, Sir, that you would now and then, 
 of an Evening, come incog to the publick Coffee- 
 houfes, as fome of your Predeceflbrs have done ; for 
 then you will be truly informed of the Opinions and 
 Sentiments of Mankind, who cannot be fufpefted of 
 any finifter Defigns, fince you will, by thofe Means, 
 be unknown to them. 
 
 It was pleafant enough, the other Day, to hear one 
 of your menial Servants, (a Creature of ROBIN'S) af- 
 ter many Inve&ives, and bafe Infinuations, aflert, 
 with a confident Air, that you are not the Author of 
 the Craft/man ; but that thofe Papers are written by 
 fome of your dif carded Servants, to vent their Spleen 
 and Malice ', and that they impofe upon the World, by 
 prefixing your Name to them. Nay, he had the Af- 
 furance to mention fome particular Perfons, who are 
 not only incapable of any low Defigns, but are as e- 
 minent for their Wit zndfne Parts, as for their Pro- 
 bity and untainted Virtue. 
 
 I cannot help making one Obfervation more. Since 
 you appointed Dr. King Phyfician to your Family, 
 and recommended his Noftrums to the World, your 
 Servants, and fome of your Tenants in Staffordjkire 
 are fo wonderfully fond of his Prefcriptions, that they 
 look on Thofe, who are not of fo happy a Conftitu- 
 tion, as to be able to fwallow or digeft them, either 
 difafFecled to your Perfon, or to be in an ill Habit 
 of Body ; for my Part, tho' I have a very great per- 
 ibnal Regard for you, and perhaps may allow the 
 Doftor to be an ingenious Gentleman ; yet, methinks, 
 'tis very hard that a Man muft be abufed, or fuffer 
 in his Character, becaufe he has not the fame Opinion 
 of your Operator. It is certain, whatever Improve- 
 ments he hath made, he does not pretend that thofe 
 Noftrums are his own ; but that he learnt them of the 
 famous Dr. CATILINE ; nor, indeed, are they infal- 
 lible Remedies ; for they only patch and palliate, and 
 have not been known to perfect, any one Cure. This
 
 N 30. tfhe CRAFTSMAN. 181 
 
 is evident from the continual Supplies, with which 
 he is obliged to furnifli his Patients, lelt They fliould 
 othenvife rdapfe into their former Diftempers. 
 
 Now, Sir, give me Leave to make fome Mention 
 of tnyfel/", and to defire a Favour of you. I was once 
 a very adYive Man, and have been in feveral Parts of 
 the World ; but as I am advanced in Life, I feel 
 fome of the Infirmities of old Age creeping upon 
 me, viz- a ftrong Propenfity to get Money, and to live 
 in HJUexittTJ Way. 1 mould therefore be glad of a 
 Place, that will bring in muck, and require little to 
 be done for it. Several of my Neighbours, by your 
 Bounty, enjoy themfelves after that manner ; which 
 makes me defirous of doing the fame. What I am 
 molt inclined to, is a good Benefice ; for I am inform- 
 ed thatyouhave feveral in your Gift. I am not, indeed, 
 in Orders ; but why may not I act by a Deputy, as 
 well as another ? I am fure, it is altogether as reafon- 
 aUe, and may as juftly be difpenfed with, as many 
 7*hings, which are tolerated by your favourite Ser- 
 vants, in whom you confide. I muft own myfelf de- 
 fective in fome fafliionable Qualities ; and that I am 
 one of thofe unfortunate Fellows, who dare not ad 
 repugnant to Reafon, ox the Dictates of my own Con- 
 ference^ It is likewife a Misfortune to me, that I am 
 not allied to, nor even acquainted with any of your 
 Dome/licks ; and therefore I might probably fail of ob- 
 taining their Favour and. Recommendation, though I 
 was matter of the necejjary Talents of lying, pimping, 
 &c. but, notwithftanding thefe Difcou'ragements, I 
 have hopes of overcoming them, if you are difpofed i 
 for I am mailer of fome Arguments ofjucb Weight, as 
 feldom fail to convince Men of their Reafon and Un- 
 derftanding. Nay, rather than be difappointed, I 
 will allow them one Hatfofthe Profits ; as I am told 
 many others do ; for certainly there is a good deal of 
 Reafon and Truth in an old Englijb Proverb, that, 
 Haifa Loaf is better than no Bread. O. 
 
 Q A D-
 
 1 82. &be C R A F s T M \ K. N 30. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Next Week will be publiihed; 
 
 The REASONABLENESS of CONFORMITY to the 
 Meafures of a COURT ; in which all political Exami- 
 nation and private Judgment will be proved to bt ab- 
 folutely and properly ineonfiftent witb the Nature and. 
 End of Civil Government. To which will be added, 
 An Appendix ; containing fame perfunfive Confedera- 
 tions on the PROFITABLENESS offucb CONFORMITY. 
 
 quocunque modo REM. Hor. 
 
 Printed by W. W. and fold by T. W. in Patcr-nofler 
 Row. 
 
 By whom will be publiihed, a new Paper, intituled, 
 
 The LYE OF THE DAY > N Q i. demonftrating that 
 Liberty tends to the Deftruftion of a free People ; and 
 that Patriotism is only Treafon in difguife ; with fowe 
 Arguments to jhew that a JACOBITE and a DISSENTER 
 from the PRESENT MINISTRY are fynon^inous Terms. 
 To &e continued every Day in the Week, except Sun- 
 days- 3y-a Club of Gentlemen near St. JAMES'/. 
 
 Friday^
 
 K 31 
 
 CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 N 31. Friday, March 
 
 Die, SENIOR, bnlla. digniffime, nefcis 
 Quot babeat veneres alisna pecunia ? nefcis 
 Quern tun fimp'icitas rifum vulgo move at t cunt 
 Exigis a qit'jqttam m pejeret, fcf ptitet ultls 
 Eft aliquod numen Templis, Ara^i rubenti. 
 
 Juv. 
 
 1 T muft be Matter of great Satisfaction, 
 to me, in the Profecution of this 
 Undertaking, that no Arguments 
 have been urged by any of the Wri- 
 ters, who have fprung up againft me, 
 but fuch as would equally ferve to 
 difcredit the Zeal of the worthieft Patriots or the beft- 
 defigning Authors, and might as juftly be made ufe of 
 to defend the worfl Minifters, that ever were in the 
 World, as to vindicate Thofe, for whofc Service they 
 have been advanced. 
 
 Though none of the Writings of my Adverfaries 
 have met with fuch a Reception from the Publick as 
 can make me in any wife uneafy, or be thought to 
 deferve any Anfwer ; yet it may not be improper to 
 take a fhort Review of the general Topicks, which 
 
 * N. B. Though Mr. Francklin had been taken up for 
 Printing the Vifion of CmmilLk, [ N i(f. ] yec the firft 
 fnjecHtion in Ifrftminfter-Hall was grounded upon this 
 Paper j but by a Flaw in fome of the Forms of Proceed- 
 ing, it came to nothing. 
 
 3i v . '..i- v: . 'i* '.'^ : ' -^ > '- 1 
 
 0,2 have
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N 3 J. 
 
 have been moft infilled on; from whence it will ap- 
 pear to what low Shifts and miferable Subterfuges 
 they have been driven ; and how even tbofe Men, 
 \vho have formerly written with Credit and Succefs, 
 are obliged to facrifice their Reputation, when they 
 engage in the Defence of an unjuft Caufe. 
 
 One great Charge, which I have fuffcred under, in 
 common with many other Gentlemen, is, that I was 
 moved to this Undertaking by perfonal Prejudice ; and 
 write out of Pique, D if appointment and Revenge ', a 
 Charge, which has been very loudly and confident- 
 ly repeated by every vile Tool and wretched Court- 
 fcribler againft me. Nay, fome of them have gone 
 farther ; and, not content with letting me forth as a 
 difgufted Malecontent, have endeavoured to foift Dlf- 
 ti'ff'eflion upon me, and make mta. yacebite in fpight 
 of my Teeth. Though I am confcious of my own 
 Innocence in all thefe Particulars ; yet I am not in 
 the leaft aftonimed at fuch Imputations ; becaufe it is 
 a known Artifice of bad Minifters to reprefent all Dif- 
 approbation of tbeir Meafures, as proceeding from the 
 Jame Motives ; and to pronounce any Oppofition, 
 which They meet with, to be the Effeft of fome fe- 
 cret Defign againft the Prince, whom they ferve. 
 But as This is my hard Lot at prefent, fo I have the 
 Pleafure to refleft that it hath been equally the Fate 
 of many worthy Men in all Ages ; and particularly 
 of fome moft incomparable Pcrfons, but a few Years 
 ago ; as I fhall prove at large in my next, by a 
 faithful Abftracl of tbofe Papers, which were publifh- 
 ed at that Time sgalnft them ; and in a fucceeding 
 one, I will produce the Jjjifwers, which They and 
 their Seconds made to thofe Objections ; leaving the 
 Reader to determine, whether they will not equally 
 ferve to vindicate the Conduft of tbofe Gentlemen, 
 who fuffer at prefent under the like Imputations. 
 
 The next Objection, which has been frequently- 
 made to thefe Papers, is that I am guilty of Difmgenity 
 
 and
 
 CRAFTS MAN. 185 
 
 and a mean Defign of calumniating Men in high Sta- 
 tions under feigned Char afters, and by other indirect 
 Methods, fuch as Ironies, Allegories, Parallels, and 
 remote Innuendos ; which are called low Arts ; un- 
 worthy of a generous Adverfary ; and certain Marks 
 that I am not influenced by any Regard to the pub' 
 lick Good ; but by private Views and finifter ill 
 Defigns. 
 
 In order to make This the more plaufible, a great 
 deal of Pains hath been taken to diftinguifh between 
 Calumny and jufl Accufation ; which are, no doubt, 
 very effentially different from one another, as a cer- 
 tain worthy Author judicioufly obferves, when he 
 fays that " In one Cafe a Man muft produce his 
 Evidence ; name his Witnejfis ', give his Reafons ; 
 be particular as to Perfons, Places, Times, Circum- 
 ftances. In the other, you will meet with little 
 elfe than Innuendos ; general Pofo.ons ; meer Af- 
 fertions without Proof ; Failings magnified into 
 Faults ; Overfigbts reprefented as high Crimes ;, 
 the Circumftances of Things over-looked ; odious 
 and invidious Cafes put ; different Times compared, 
 without the Difference of the Cireumftances of 
 Things, &c" from whence it is inferr'd, that no> 
 Man in Power ought to be accufed, but in fuch a 
 pub/ick, open and judicial Manner ; and that all 
 other Methods of expofing or attacking his Reputation, 
 however juftly, are bafe and fcandalous, and ought to 
 be rejected with Contempt as meer Obloquy and 
 Scandal* 
 
 I fhall make but one general Reply to all this de!T ! 
 cate Reafoning, and leave thofe political Cafuifls, for 
 the future, taring the Changes on the fame darling 
 Topick, as long as they pleafe, without any Inter- 
 ruption. 
 
 In the firfl Place, I abfolutely deny the Truth of 
 this Charge ; or that I have any other Defign in my 
 prefent Undertaking than to expofe Vi(e in general, 
 
 and
 
 i86 2%e CRAFT SM ANT. N3r a 
 
 and vindicate the Honour of my Country, without 
 alluding to particular Perfons. But if two Cafes 
 happen to be fo much alike, that the generality of 
 the World will compare what I relate of 'former Times 
 to the prefent ; or if any great Men will apply bad 
 Characters to Themfelves, I do not think my felf an- 
 fwerable for fucb Applications J fmce I cannot direct 
 the Opinions of the Publick, nor prevent the Re- 
 flections of another Man's Conference* 
 
 In the fecond Place, I cannot agree with this Au- 
 thor that all Methods of accufing great Men, except 
 in a judicial Manner, are either mean or unjustifiable >- 
 for I muft here take the Liberty to dlftinguifh, 
 in my Turn,, between Accufat ions of private Perfons , 
 and of Men in Authority. In the fcumer- Cafe, the 
 Laws are always open ; and the Party injured may 
 reafonably expeft Juftice, without any Apprehenfions 
 from the Power or Riches of the Criminal ; which 
 makes all other Kiads of Accufat ion impertinent and 
 fcandalons j^irtft in the latter, we muft not always 
 rely on the moft equitable Proceedings or the iufteft 
 Determination ; for great Mtn rme frequent Oppor- 
 tunities of fcreening themfelves, in fucb a Manner, by^ 
 Cabals,. Alliances, Corruption* or the Favour of an 
 indulgent Prince, that it-is commonly very difficult to 
 bring them to condign Punifhment j even when they 
 are guilty of the molt notorious Oppreffions, and are 
 publicldy complained of as the Nuifances of their 
 Country, 
 
 As there are Times for all Things, fo there is more 
 efpecially a proper Seafon for bringing great Offenders 
 tojuftice ; which ought not to be undertaken rafhly and. 
 unadvifedly, but with due Deliberation, and at fit Op- 
 portunities, when there is a general Cry for Vengeance 
 and Redrefs. Things muit be firft fet in a true ; 
 Light ; the Eyes, of the People muft be open'd > the 
 Force of Prejudice mull be overcome ; the Influence 
 of Power muft be withdrawn 5 and feveral prepara- 
 tory
 
 N 31. 2*he CRAFTSMAN. 187 
 
 tory Steps are neceflary to be taken, before an over- 
 grown Criminal can be brought to a fair Tryal, or Ju- 
 itice can be done to an injur'd Nation. 
 
 To accufe a publick M'mifter in the Zenith of his 
 Power, would be Madnefs or Folly ; becaufe fuch a 
 fruitless Attempt muft end in his Triumph and the 
 Completion of his Defigns. Accordingly we may 
 obferve, that feveral wicked Minifters, when they 
 have found themfelves waining in their Authority, 
 have defy'd their Adver&ries wkh more than ordina-* 
 ry Infolence, and endeavoured to provoke them to a 
 publick Accufation, before Matters were fufficiently. 
 ripen'd for it j well knowing that an abortive IM- 
 PEACHMENT would ferve their Turn as well as the 
 molt comprehenfive Aft of INDEMNITY. 
 
 But it has always been a Praftice, under the molt 
 corrupt Adminiftrations, to quote Examples and draw 
 Parallels out of Hiftory, in order to prove what Ef- 
 feft the fame Male-praflices have had on different 
 States, or on the fame States in former Ages ; nor 
 can This be look'd upon as diiingenuous or a Libel 
 on the prefent Minifters of any Kingdom, any more 
 than a Comment on the Ten Commandments can be 
 called a Libel on every notorious Sinner in the ParHh. 
 
 I grant, indeed, that it would be more honourable* 
 as well as more ufeful, to write without Difgtiije, 
 provided it were equally fafe. But would not any 
 Man be efleemed a Lunatick, who mould, in plain 
 Terms, attack fuch a Mor.fter as Wolfey or Bucking- 
 bam, in the Plenitude of their Power ; efpecially, if 
 he has any parallel Injlances at Hand i or can throw 
 the fame Thoughts under Shades and. Allfgoriti ? I 
 appeal to thofe Gentlemen, who feem moil diiiurbed 
 at this manner of Writing, whether they thought it, 
 in any wile, difingenuous, when they praftifed it 
 themfelves, with great Freedom, both in the I Ate and 
 Reign, 
 
 If
 
 i88 2%e CRAFTSMAN. N3i. 
 
 If fuch^ Objectors were to put their Meaning into 
 plain Evgftjk, It-Avould r\m much in this Manner. 
 For God's fake, Gentlemen, why don't you fpeak 
 out, and fubjeft yourfelves to tbofe Penalties, which 
 we long to ihflift upon you ? Methinks, it is very 
 d'Jingenuous in you to fculk behind the Laws, and 
 publifh nothing but what you can juftify" 
 Such a Complaint of Difingenuity is very extraor- 
 dinary at this Jundlure ; for it feems highly unrea- 
 fonable to expeft that any Man fhould fpeak or write 
 on thefe Subjefts, without Referve, at a Time, when 
 even fuppofed Ironies, imaginary Parallels, and for- 
 ced Innuendo; are, by fome Perfons, thought not to 
 be exempt from the Penalties of the Law. 
 
 However, if thefe worthy Gentlemen, who fo 
 courteoufly invite us to lay our felves open to the 
 Mercy of great Men, will undertake to obtain a far- 
 ther Extention of the Liberty of the Prefs ; or pro- 
 cure a fufficient Warrant for writing with Impunity, 
 and without any Reftraint, on thefe Subjects ; I don't 
 know what I may be tempted to do ; but till I am 
 affured of fuch an Indemnitication, I mail content my 
 felf with publifhing thefe plain, general, inoffenfive 
 Leftures of political Morality, for the Difcharge of 
 my own Confcience ; and leave my loving Country- 
 men to make, or not to make, any Applications, as 
 they mail judge proper. 
 
 The moft extraordinary Objection againft me is, 
 that I have prefumptuoufly advanced feveral un- 
 towardly Arguments againft publick Corruption, and 
 perverfely endeavoured to recommend Frugality as a 
 national Virtue j but I have This to urge in my Ex- 
 cufe, that however the former may prevail amongft 
 us ; and however the latter may feem to have been 
 difcountenanced ', yet fo much Decency has been hi- 
 therto preferved, that no Perfon, except the Author 
 of a late Pamphlet, intituled, CLODJVS and CICERO, 
 
 has
 
 N 31. The CRAFTSMAN. i8p 
 
 has thought fit openly to defend the one or explode 
 the other. 
 
 Thefe, it feems, were mean-, prevaricating Com- 
 pliances, ia the Opinion of this Writer ; who refolved 
 to be more ingenuous himfelf ; and, fcorning to 
 mince Matters, or conceal any Truth, hath not been 
 afhamed to fpread Abroad in the World a publick and 
 avowed Defence of Bribery, Corruption, and Ve- 
 nality. 
 
 He tells us very frankly that " Some p'iblick Cor- 
 " ruptions there are of that Strength and Prevalence, 
 " that, howeveryXwwif/Wand pernicious they may be, 
 " they muft yet be fuffered to remain;" and feems 
 to infmuate (at leail by a ftronger Innuendo than can 
 be charged upon my Writings) that, fucb is the Si- 
 tuation of Things, that Meafures ftriftly Virtuous 
 v:o'dd bring prefent Confufion ; and that an endeavour 
 to reform -would overturn the Conjlitution. 
 
 In order to enforce thefe worthy Tenets, he pro- 
 duces feveral Examples of great Men, who have pe- 
 rifhed in the Defence of popular Liberty, and in their 
 Attempts to remove publick Corruptions and Enormi- 
 ties, viz. the two famous Gracchi ; Agis and Cleo- 
 nenes, Kings of Sparta ; and the fecond Brutus r 
 from whence he feems to draw this Conclufion : that 
 no Man, for the future, ought to make the like At- 
 tempts ; whereas, methinks, the proper Inference of 
 an honeft Briton fhould be, that we ought to follow 
 the Example of thofe noble Patriots, in ajfcrting the 
 Liberties of our Country, and not to be deterrd by any- 
 Difficulties, or tven Death itfelf, from purfuing the 
 fame glorious Caufe. 
 
 He then, with an infuking Air, puts the follow: 
 ing Queftions. " What have availed all our fumptu 
 " ary Laws ? What all Thofe againft Gaming and 
 " Duelling ? What Thofe againft Bribery ? Only to 
 *' demonftrate how much more Force there is in Lux- 
 ** ury, and Vanity, and Avarice, than there is in 
 
 " Laws
 
 ipo The CRAFTSMAN. N 3 1. 
 
 *' Laws with all their Penalties .?" This is indeed 
 too true ; but I am willing to hope that they have, at 
 leaft, fome Influence, and may pofficly keep many 
 Men from being more bare-faced in their Iniquities. 
 They hang over their Heads in terrorem ; and may, 
 in any flagrant Cafe, be put in Execution ; for which 
 Reafon, however ineffectual they may be at prefent, I 
 Ihould be very forry to fee them repealed. 
 
 He endeavours to difcourage pullick Frugality 
 ( which he acknowledges to be an excellent Virtue] in- 
 the fame manner that he patronizes publick Corrup- 
 tion (which he allows to be a Jbameful and pernicious 
 Vice] by telling us that it was the Ear.e of the Em- 
 peror Galla, who was murdered by his Soldiers for 
 refuting to bribe them ; upon which he obferves, that 
 " the Romans were then come to that pafs of Sor~ 
 " didncfs and Venality, that they would not do their 
 " Duty ; no, not fave their Country without Lucre, 
 " and Wages extraordinary. This was a mel incboly 
 " Evil', but it was necejfary 5 hr without it, the State 
 " could notfubjift. 
 
 I need not explain the Doftrine, which is imply'd 
 in this Paragraph ; fmce it is fo very obvious, that it 
 cannot poffibly efcape the fhalloweft Apprehenfion. 
 
 I will conclude with one more Objection to thefe 
 Papers ; which is, that fuch general Inveftives (as 
 they are called) might be equally applied to any Mi- 
 nifters, however boneft and virtuous ; whereas I think 
 it might be much more ftrongly objected againft thefe 
 Writers, that their general Apologies and Panegyricks 
 would equally ferve to flatter and defend any Admini~ 
 jlration, however corrupt ; for my Papers, which con- 
 fill of general Satire againft wicked Men, will lofe 
 their Effect and ceafe to be fevere, when they are ap- 
 ply 'd to Perfons, who are not guilty ', or, at leaft, not 
 generally fupfofed to be guilty of the Crimes, which 
 they condemn ; whereas the Writings of my Adver- 
 faries, efpecially of the Author^ whom I mentioned
 
 K 32. The CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 laft, are not calculated fo much to prove the Inno- 
 cence of tbofe Perfons, for whofe Service they are 
 publiftied, as to palliate confejftd Guilt, and vindicate 
 jiotorious Corrupt ion. D. 
 
 N 
 
 -quiefcant porro moneo, & definant 
 
 Maledicere, Malefafta ne no/cant fua. Ter. 
 
 S the blackeft Defigns are often covered 
 with the faireft Pretences, in order to 
 prevent Detection and impofe on the 
 Publick j fo the beft Difpofi tions, and 
 the worthiert Aftions are fubjedl to ill- 
 natured GloiTes and falfe Reprefenta- 
 tions. I have met with fome modern Philofophers, 
 who maintain that Courage proceeds originally from 
 Fear ; that Humility is commonly founded in Pride > 
 and Liberality to others derived from Self-love ; but 
 the political Virtues are more efpecially liable to fuch 
 invidious Comments, which the Malice of oppofite 
 Parties is always ready to fix upon them ; from whence 
 it comes to pafs, that the warmeft Patriotifm and fin- 
 cereft Concern for the publick Good are often fet forth 
 in the moft oppofite Light, and imputed to private 
 Pique, D if appointment, and Ambition. This was the 
 Cafe of feveral honourable Gentlemen, who were moft 
 infamoufly afperfed and infulted, about nine Tears ago, 
 for RESIGN ING their Employments, and withdrawing 
 their Concurrence to fome Meafures , which were 
 then carry ing on. 
 
 That the Truth of what I have been obferving on 
 this Head may the more evidently appear, I have 
 
 thought
 
 MAN. 32 
 
 thought fit to prefent the Reader with fome remark- 
 able Extmtts out of a malicious Treatife, which was 
 publifhed at that Time with the Countenance of 
 Authority ; tending chiefly to blacken the Characters 
 t)f tzco moft excellent Perfons, who have out-lived 
 thole Afperfions, and reign at prefent in the higheft 
 Favour of their Prince, and the general Efteem of 
 their Fellovv-fubjefts. 
 
 ExtraP.s from a Pamphlet, Intituled The DEFECTION 
 confidef 'd, &c. Printed in the Tear 1717. 
 
 (Page 9.) " Strangers think thefe Quarrels among 
 Men, whofe Principles are the beft calculated for 
 the Good of Mankind, muft have fome extraordi- 
 nary Reafofis. They can't well imagine that They, 
 who have caufed thofe Divilions, have nothing to 
 objeft againft the prefent Adminiftration ; and that 
 it is chiefly for the Sake of a Jingle Perfon, who, 
 not content with the moil beneficial Pofts, threw 
 up in a Pet, becaufe he could not govern every 
 Thing > and then confederated with fuch, as, till 
 the Moment he declared himfelf a Country Gentle- 
 man, he continually reprefented as the vikft of Meu, 
 and Tractors to their King and Country. 
 (Page 19.) " Men in high Stations, tho' they have 
 fine and florid Parts, yet if they want folid Senfe 
 and a good Stock of real Virtue, to enable them to 
 .bear their Grandeur with Moderation, grow giddy 
 and infoler.t upon their Exaltation ; and, be'ieving 
 every thing due to their fuperior Merit, form 
 Schemes of ENGROSSING their Royal Mailer, and 
 ihink they are affronted if any of their Creatures 
 (how well foever thy may deferve it) are turn'd 
 out ; or their Prince bellows his Favours without 
 their Leave ; and rather than fuffer This, they 
 will throw up, though in the Middle of a Se- 
 Jion, and not fcruple to embroil the publick Af- 
 
 " fairs,
 
 N 32. 'The CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 " fairs, in order to make themfelves neceflary ; and 
 ** to force the Prince to part with Thofe, who, he 
 " he judges, belt deferve his Kindnefs, and to em- 
 ' ploy none but Them and their Creatures- 
 
 (Page 20.) " That fuch a Defign was on Foot, 
 * { when the King went abroad, is plain from two 
 *-' Pfrfons threatening to lay down, if that moft noble 
 " Peer, employed fince with fo mucli Reputation, 
 " was made the third Secretary of State. This ln- 
 " faience ; their great Intimacy with a G 1 in dif- 
 " grace; and trufty H trace being officioufly fent with 
 K a Scheme for the Parliament's fitting, during the 
 " King's Abfence, fhocked many People ; though far 
 " from imagining they were capable of adting what 
 " iince has been done. 
 
 " If a certain Gentleman contrived this Scheme to 
 " get the Stiff",, and govern England; even his Inftru- 
 '* ments can't hope to keep their Pofts, but by an ob- 
 * ( fequious, Jlavijh Compliance ; for whofoever is in- 
 " folent to his Prince, will be intolerable, when in 
 'Tower, to his fellow-fubjecls_ ; and He muft have^a 
 ** vitiated Tafte indeed, who thinks it not better to 
 " ferve a good King, of whofe Favour he may be fure 
 " as long as he does his Duty, than be a Slave to any 
 " Fetto:u-fubjeft ', efpecially One, who lately would 
 " have thought himfclf very fortunate, if, inftead of 
 ** forming Schemes for governing thefe Kingdoms, he 
 " could have found Means of being freed from the 
 ** Inconveniences he then labour'd under. 
 
 " Quitting of Places is no Crime; but if Several 
 " cabal to throw up, when the Government has moft 
 ' Occafion for their Service, in order to force it to 
 *' comply with their unreafonable Demands ; This 
 " is a very criminal Conf piracy ; efpecially in that 
 " Per/on, who has not only got incredible Sums for 
 ** himfelf; but who could ask nothing of his gene- 
 '* rous Matter (and alf the World knows, he is none 
 ** of the moft madefl in. asking* for has Children, R" 
 
 " '*<
 
 FTSMAN. N 32. 
 
 ' latlons and Friends, but what has been given him. 
 ** This muft fill every honeft Briton with Indignation 
 againft fuch ^//(? Ingratitude. 
 
 (Page 25.) " A brave Man, if driven to Extremity, 
 " would rather employ one, who had been an open 
 " Enemy, than a treacherous Friend ; who has con- 
 *' vinced the World, that there is no Tye capable to 
 " hold him ; but that he is ready to facrifice every 
 " thing to his Inter eft, Ambition and Revenge. 
 
 (Page 29.) " Moft People thought (and I own I 
 -' was of the Number) that the Ufage this Gentle- 
 " man met with from the Tories was fufficient to 
 *5- mew that no Price could gain him ; but, in truth, 
 " they did not confider, that after the Whigs had 
 * been charged with cheating and plundering the Pub- 
 " lick, and no Proof was made of it ; a Vote of the 
 ** Houfe of Commons, of a Breach ofTruft and notori- 
 -" ous Corruption in any Man among them, who had 
 *' been employed in fuch eminent Pofts, would be of 
 " more Advantage to the Tories, than all the Services 
 *' he could do them j and They were fure he fhould 
 *' do them no Hurt, being refolved to expel him the 
 Houfe. 
 
 (Page 35.) " A Man once fent to Prifon for Bri- 
 " bery and Corruption (no Matter whether the Mo- 
 *' ney was for 'Himfelf or his Creature) becomes as 
 44 hardened, as a Wench fent to Bridewel for a lefs 
 ' Fault ; but could he offer 90,0007. for one Pur- 
 " chafe; or were he worth but half as much, as his 
 * Friends fa.y he is, fuppofes feveral fuch Jobs muft 
 . 4 < have been done ; without which a Government, ac- 
 *' cording to Lord H /, is not worth ferving. 
 
 (Page 36.) "It cannot be denied, that Things are 
 .*' now in fo good a Method, and fo quickly expedited 
 *' in the Treaiury, that the Lords Commijjioners never 
 '* rife, till they have difpatched whatever Bufmefs 
 *' comes before them ; fo that, at their laft Adjourn- 
 '*' saent, there was not a Paper left undetermined. 
 
 There
 
 N C 31. Z^e C R A F T S M A N. 
 
 " There is now no Complaint of a certain Office held 
 " in the Strand, or any where elfe, which difpofed of 
 *' Places to the higheft Bidder; or of Grants of Places 
 " in Reverjion, or for Life, to Children ar.d Relati- 
 " ons. 
 
 (Page 41 .) " People were furprized to find fo little 
 " Regard paid to the frequent Petitions of the Mer- 
 " chants, complaining of the Interruption of their 
 " Trade in the Baltick, and the taking fuch Numbers 
 " of their Ships by the Swedes; and that, even while 
 " we had a royal Navy in the Sound, they were per- 
 " micted, with Impunity, to aft * the Pirates ; but 
 " GYLLEMBORG'S Letters help to explain this My- 
 " fiery ; where we find that the Ships taken from us 
 " were to ferve as Tranfports to their Anny. Had 
 " not this bellijh Confpiracy been feafonably difcover- 
 " ed, what Sums might not the PcJJs, which a certain 
 '* Gentleman then enjoyed, have gained him by this 
 " InvajloH ; fince no Ex pence would have been 
 * thought too great to have quickly got rid of thofe 
 " barbarous Ravagers ? 
 
 " If another Perfon (as it was reported) faid juffi 
 " before he was removed, that He had rather fee an 
 " Army of Swedes here than the Aft about Ocofional 
 " Conformity repealed ; I mould not wonder, confi- 
 " dering from what Prieits he got his Cburch-Poli- 
 " ticks , and by what artful Men he has all along 
 " been wholly governed in State-Matters. 
 
 (Page 46.) " Every one was at firft furprized to fee 
 " that though all the Rebels might have been, with 
 ' little Expence, tried in the North, where they wer 
 " taken, and where the Witnefles were ready at hand ; 
 * yet none but the poorer and meaner Sort were there 
 ** tried ; but all of any tolerable Condition or Sub- 
 " ftance were, at a great Charge to the Government, 
 
 * As the Spaniards have lately done in the Weft- Indies. 
 R 2 brought
 
 I (X> 'The C R A F T s M A Ki N 3:2. 
 
 " brought to Town. This, I fay, furprized People, 
 " till they confidered that no Bargains could conve- 
 " niently be made but here ; and that here was the 
 " Money of the Party, as well as their common Rei:- 
 " demons ', and that it might well be prefumed, they 
 " would not Jpare their Parfes to fave the Lives of 
 " Tbefe, who had ventured every thing for the Caufe; 
 (Page 48.) If Men are in hafte to grow Rich, there 
 " is, no doubt, more to be got by not Pr oft cut ing, or 
 " by Saving, than Hanging', and we may guefs at 
 * the Reafon, why txo Perfons, ("not to mention o- 
 " thers) One, who knew there was fuch plain Evi- 
 " deace againft him, that, in defpair, he ftabbed him- 
 " felf -, and the Other, though now a new Al/y, 
 " thought fo great a Criminal, with fuch full Proof 
 " againft him, as not to be admitted to Bail on any- 
 ** Terms, were beib difmifled without any Profecution. 
 
 I will beg Leave to add a Paragraph or two from 
 another Pamphlet, written in the fame Spirit, and 
 publifhed at the fame Time, intituled-, An Anfatr 
 to the Char after and Condiitt ofR t W = le,, 
 Efquire j with fin exaft Account of bis POPU- 
 LARITY. / 
 
 (Page 14.) " There is no Crime a Man can be 
 *' guilty of, which I more abhor, than that of Jiri- 
 44 kery and Corruption, whatever S^ualijicGtloK! be 
 " may have ; whether it. be in /peaking or writing 
 " well. If once he gives himfelf up to Touching (as 
 " they call it) I give him over as incurable', for if he 
 " is deteclcd and rebuked, he will be apt to think 
 " that his Punifhment will make him popular', and if 
 ' he ever comes into PI \y again, he will be MORE. 
 " VORACIOUS than, ever ; and, if not more cunning, 
 " his having been once in a Goal will make him fo 
 
 " confiderafJe, that whatever R y you charge him 
 
 " with, he will os&y fioear at you ; and, in an impu- 
 " dent. Manner, dare any one to tell what they know 
 
 " of
 
 CRAFTSMAN. 197 
 
 " of him. But his Impudence will not be all ; for, 
 " he that hath once forfeited his Character, is nor 
 " unlike a Woman th.it hath loft her Modeftj. That 
 *' Man, who hath once committed a Breach ofTrti/l, 
 " either towards his King or Country, I do believe 
 " there is a Confederation, that would tempt him to 
 *' fell either or both, as well as their Favour, at a 
 " Time, when he has more Friends unprovided for, 
 " than can fupport Themfelves. 
 
 (Page 19.) "The King's Favours, we may now 
 <"' expeft, will be no longer confined to one Province ; 
 " and there, for moft part, to one Family ; but they 
 '* will be difperfed as generally as the Sun fhines, 
 " throughout the whole Kingdom, amongft his Ma- 
 ' jefty's loyal Proteftant Subjefts. 
 
 ' Thofe, who enjoy his Majefty's Favours at pre- 
 " fent, if they conduct 'themfelves as they ought to 
 " do, mail no more be fent to, or obliged fcanda- 
 " loufly to truckle and (what they call) come down to 
 " this or that Man, for his being acquainted with or 
 " relited to a certain Family ; He that has moftMe- 
 " rit, and deferved beil from his King and Country 
 ** will be duly preferred, without asking him where 
 " he was born, or whom he is related to ? If he has 
 " Merit and Loyalty, He need now no Money to ad- 
 vance him, fince ROBINOCRACY is banifhed. 
 " We fhsll have no Pen/tons ask'd for difaffeEled 
 ** Relations ', no Tboufands a Year to any difaffetted 
 tf Man> becaufe He is Uncle to a Man in P'ower ; 
 nor mail an bonejl Man be turned out of Place, for 
 '"' an Uncle to be quarter'd orr his Succfffbr* I mall not 
 " mention any Thing of Reversions granted to Cbil- 
 " dren ; becaufe they may grow up to be boneft Men 
 " and deferve them. 
 
 ( Pag. 22. ) " Tho' fome People have been pleafed 
 " to compliment Him fo far, as to throw themfelver 
 " out of Employments ; I am apt to believe there" 
 *' we fome, even of them, who will be very 
 R 3
 
 STfo CRAFTS MAN. N 32; 
 
 " from opjrejjing the King's Servants, be^aufe Mr. 
 
 W lg is not one of them ; or that They 
 
 ' will venture to fay, as others have done, that the 
 " King's Service was become a Burthen, too great 
 
 * for a M*# 0f Honour to bear and I doubt 
 
 ' not, but there will come a Day, when //j Charge 
 ** will not only turn upon the Authors of it ; but 
 " that it will alfo be attended with fuch Punishments, 
 ' as are adequate to the Ingratitude and Prefumpticn. 
 " of the Man, who has dared to fay, that there was 
 " any Thing in the Kings Service, either unjitft or. 
 ** dijhonnurable for any Man whatever to tranlaft. 
 (Pag. 23.) *' Since you are plcafjd to commend 
 
 * Mr. W /is OEconomy in the T y > 
 
 ' his great Skill in preventing publick Credit from. 
 
 finking j and that the fublUk Debts were not in- 
 
 ** creafed, but in a fair way. to be lejfcrfd ; at lead 
 
 that it zwuld have been fa, had He been fufferei 
 
 ** to continue in the Management, and his nice Notions 
 
 *' and judgment in improving Things relating to Fo- 
 
 " REIGN TREATIES ; I fhall tell you what I have 
 
 " heard of Him ; and in the firft Place as to puklick, 
 
 *' Credit > the Citizens will fay, that He oppofed a 
 
 " Motion that was made for a Refolution of Parlia- 
 
 *' ment to fupport/^/^ Credit ; but perhaps you will 
 
 ' fay, He only did it in Oppofition to a particular Per- 
 
 " Jon,who refufed to draw with him; but be That as it 
 
 ' will, every Body, finds publick Credit fo much the. 
 
 ' better fince his being turned out, that every Thing has 
 
 ' rifen 20 per Cent, more than it was during his Ma-, 
 
 1 nagement ; from whence you may judge, that the Peo- 
 
 ' pie, who have all along fupported the Government, 
 
 4 and who muft again do it, in Cafe of Neceffity, havs. 
 
 ' a much better Opinion of their Fortunes being in 
 
 ' the Hands of the prefent Adminiftration, than of 
 
 <* their being in His ; and that they will -hardly ever 
 
 *' care to truft a Man. with their Eftates, who fliall 
 
 *' take upon him to fay, that publick Credit is no morz 
 
 tk(m.wbat pu are f leafed to niake it, (Pag,
 
 N 32. 'The CRAFT SMA.N;. 
 
 (Pag. 32 ) "In the mean Time, you had beft for- 
 " bear calling Miniflers a Faction; or take upon you 
 
 " to cenfure the King, becaufe Mr. W le is out 
 
 " of Humour. You make thofe Companions with 
 ' King Charles's and King James's Minifters. Turn. 
 ' your Eyes to the Norfolk Troof- I believe you'll 
 find them much fuch Flefli and Blood as thofe mer-- 
 cenary, torrupt and arbitrary Statefmen in thofe 
 Reigns ; but until you fee iome fuch Behaviour, 
 believe me that your Comparifons are very odious. 
 There is a great deal of Difference between zMan, 
 that has been coxvifted, and One that has not. You 
 may be fond of your Friend '> but whatever im- 
 partial Man reads the Journals of the Houfe of 
 Commons, he will be perfuaded, as I am, that a 
 certain country Gentleman has, once in his Life- 
 time, been as corrupt and as mercenary as any, even 
 of King Charles's Courtiers." 
 In this virulent, fcurrilous and inhuman Manner 
 were thefe excellent Perfons treated, at that Time, for 
 only diffenting from the Meafures of the Court, and 
 voting with the Minority. We fee the Refentment 
 againft them ran fo high, that not only Spleen, Pre- 
 judice, Self-intereft, Ambition, Difappointment and. 
 Revenge were laid to their Charge ; but even Breach 
 of Truft, Extortion, Bribery and notorious Corruption ; 
 which it is obferveable, have not been alledged or even 
 inllnuated againft fome other Gentlemen, who have 
 lately had the Misfortune to lie under the former Im- 
 putations. 
 
 I defigned, in my next, to have laid before the 
 Reader the Anfwers, which were made by thefe Gen- 
 tlemen and their Friends to all thofe . Accufations ; but 
 as the PRESENT STATE OF GIBRALTAR. an.i its 
 great IMPORTANCE to this I/land Teem to require 
 fome immediate Confederations, I muft beg Leave to 
 4efer the Sequel of this Paper till Monday next. D 
 
 Friday,.
 
 20O 
 
 CRAFTSMAN. K 33. 
 
 N 33. Friday, March 31. 
 
 bene part a tueri. 
 
 Aving been very unjuftly charged with 
 Difaffettion to his Majefty, and ill-will 
 to fome of his Minifters ; I am re- 
 folved to ufe my utmoft Endeavours to 
 demonftrate the contrary ; for as no 
 Time or Circumftances fhall ever abate 
 that ardent Zeal and paffianate Devotion, which I 
 have always exprefs'd and exerted for the Proteflant 
 SucceJJion in the prefent Royal Family ; fo I will ne- 
 ver with-hold that juft Tribute of Praife, which 
 Tbofe, who have the Honour to be employ'd in the 
 Adminiftration, mail at any Time deferve. 
 
 I cannot therefore negleft the prefent Opportunity 
 of doing tbofe Gentlemen Juftice, by endeavouring to 
 remove thofe uneafy Thoughts and nevet-ceafing Fears, 
 which the People of thefe Kingdoms have been ob- 
 ferved to entertain for the Preservation of GIBRAL- 
 TAR ; for though I cannot, upon any Account, 
 blame the Vigilance and Jealoufy of my Countrymen, 
 for their undoubted Rights, Privileges and Acquifiti- 
 ons j yet I hope to convince them that their Appre* 
 henfions are entirely groundlefs and imaginary. 
 
 In the prefent Scene of Affairs, the Eyes of all 
 Europe, as well as of thefe Kingdoms, feem to be fix- 
 ed, with different Views, on that invaluable Fortrefs -, 
 and on the IfTue of thofe Hoftilities, which are now 
 carrying on before it ; for the Event of which the 
 Heart of every honeft Briton is raanifeftly alarm 'd 
 and agitated with a Variety of different PaiDons. 
 
 But
 
 N 33. ?be CRAFTSMAN. aoi 
 
 But as it is generally acknowledg'd by the beft Judges, 
 and has been often publickly declared, to be utterly 
 impregnable in itfelf by any outward Force ; fo we 
 may reft allured, from the following Confiderations, 
 that it will never be tamely given up, either in aa 
 epen or clandefline Manner. 
 
 For, as it was obtained by our Arms, according to 
 the ftiiteil Law of Nations, in open War ; and 
 yielded to us by a folemn Treaty of Peace ; fo has it 
 fince been confirm'd to us by many fubfequent Trea- 
 ties, and all the confiderable Powers of Europe became 
 Guarantees for it ; nay, Spain itfelf, by acceeding to 
 the Quadruple Alliance, became a Guarantee, and 
 relinquifli'd all Pretenfions to it in Virtue of any 
 Promije that might have been given, which was 
 previous to that Treaty ; and indeed it is the only 
 valuable Benefit, that we have received for all that 
 immenfe Profufion of Blood and Treafure, which has 
 intailed upon us fuch an heavy Burthen of Debts and 
 Taxes* 
 
 As to a late pretended Promije of Refutation, which 
 the King of Spain infills on, enough has been faid, by 
 a Perfon of great Weight and Authority, to convince 
 the World, that it was only a miniflerial Promife ; 
 and therefore not obligatory ; but even fuppofing it 
 otherwife, I cannot help thinking it more advifable 
 even to break our Word, for once, with our Neigh- 
 bours, (as they have frequently dona with us) than to 
 give up ar Place of the utmoft Gonfequence to this 
 Kingdom againft the united Voice of the whola 
 People. 
 
 Efpecially, if it be farther confider'd, that as it is 
 not probable Spain mould give us an Equivalent ; fo 
 the vigorous Defence arid Prefervation of it feems to 
 be the chief, if not the only Reafon, that can make 
 the People, eafy under thofe extraordinary Expences, 
 which have, been already incurr'd, and will be far- 
 ther incurr'd by. our prefent Mif under/landing (for I 
 
 am
 
 The CRAFTSMAN* N 33, 
 
 am not yet allowed to call it a War] with our Neigh- 
 bours. 
 
 I hope the projected Jnvajion and Attempt, in Fa- 
 vour of the Pretender, is now pretty well blown 
 over ; and as to the Affair of Oftetid, tho' the Alu- 
 lition of that Charter is, no doubt, of fome Confe- 
 quence to the E aft- India Company, and perhaps to 
 the Nation ; yet it cannot, upon any Account, be- 
 brought in Competition with a Place, upon which 
 fo much depends, not only in relation to all our be- 
 neficial trade in general, but likewife on ether Confi- 
 derations ; for however neceffary or advantagious our 
 Eaft-Indin Trade may be, whillt other Nations cany 
 on a Traffick to thofe Parts ; yet I believe it will 
 not be denied, that if all the States of Europe would 
 unanimoufly agree to le.ve it off by confent, it would 
 be for the common Intereft of them all. 
 
 Let that be as it will, the Oftend Company does not 
 feem to be of fo much Importance, either to Great- 
 Britain or to the Empire as to engage us in an expen- 
 five War about it ; and therefore I mould not, in the 
 leaft, doubt of feeing a fpeedy Accommodation of that 
 Affair, provided it were the only Matter left in Dif- 
 pute. 
 
 I cannot therefore but look on Gibraltar as the 
 chief Occafion of all our late Differences with our 
 Neighbours ; as it is the only Point, about which we 
 can be eJJTentially concerned in the impending War ; 
 and therefore it is ridiculous to furmife, that, after we 
 have concerted fo prudent an Alliance* and employ 'd 
 our Elects fo fuccefsfully in its Defence, it wjil ever 
 be furrender'd by Treaty, or given up by Connivance ; 
 for if That were intended, whut occafion could there 
 be for the Formality of a Siege, and for facrincing fo 
 many brave Lives on both Sides to no Purpofe ? Or, 
 what can be more monftrous, than to imagine that, 
 after we have made fuch a glorious Buftle with our 
 Keeto and Armies, and convinced our Enemies that 
 
 .they
 
 ,N 33. RAFTSMAN. 203 
 
 they cannot wreft it out of our Hands by Farce, we 
 fhould make a free Gift of fuch an ineftimable Jewel, 
 and undo all the Work of above twenty Tears, in a 
 Fit of good Humour ? 
 
 It cannot furely be expeled that we fhould al- 
 ways be the Bubbles of Europe, and grow fuch pro- 
 verbial Tools in Negotiation as conftantly to lofe in 
 the Cabinet, what we gain in the Field, at the ufe- 
 lefs Expence of our Blood and Treafure, and conti- 
 nually fuffer by Vittory and Succffs. 
 
 No, I thank God, Experience hath taught us mope 
 Wit, and Providence hath given us more Honefty ; 
 fo that we have the jufteft Reafon, for the future, to 
 expect that the Britijb Arms will be employ'd only 
 in the Caufe of Britain ', that we mall fight only our 
 own Quarrels ; defend our own Rights ; and let our 
 Enemies have the Glory of becoming the heroic 
 Dupes and ^/xof-Champions for the Liberties of 
 Mankind. 
 
 With what uncommon Joy, Exultation and Tri- 
 umph muft it fill the Heart of every honeft Briton, 
 when he reflefts on the royal Warmth, with which 
 his Majefty had the Goodnefs to recommend to his 
 Parliament the Support of Gibraltar ; juftly calling 
 it of infinite Advantage and Security to our Trade and 
 Commerce ; when he considers the remarkable Zeal 
 and Vigour, which both Houfes exprefled in their 
 Concurrence with his Majefty's Recommendation ; 
 and that extraordinary Spirit of Loyalty and Refold;*' 
 tion, which his dutiful Subjects have difplay'd in 
 their ADDRESSES, upon this Occafion, from all 
 Parts of the Kingdom ; not only profeffing their chear- 
 ful Acquiefcence under thofe Burthens, which they 
 feel at prefent, but their Willingnefs to fubmit to 
 much greater; and feme even to give up all, and fa- 
 crifice their Lives and Fortunes, in the ftrifteft Senfe, 
 to the Welfare of their Country, and the Confufion 
 .-of his Majefty 's Enemies ? 
 
 There
 
 204 Fhe CR'AFTSMAN. N 33 
 
 There never was a more hearty and general Unani- 
 mity between any Prince and both Houfes of Parlia- 
 ment; or between the united States of the Legiflature, 
 and the united Voice of the whole People, than what 
 has difcover'd itfelf on the prefent Occafion. 
 
 To This let us add the * Steadinefs and Fidelity of 
 the prefent Miniflry ', who are fo far from being fufpec- 
 ted of holding any criminal Correfpondence with our 
 Enemies, that, on the contrary, too much Zeal has 
 been obje&ed againft them by fome modern Malig- 
 nant*, who have malicioufly infinuated that they have 
 brought a dangerous War upon us by ufing unneceffary 
 Precautions ; and providing, in too hoitile a Manner, 
 againil: Attempts, which, it is faid, were never intend- 
 ed. 
 
 As we may therefore depend on the Integrity of the 
 prefent Adminiflration ; fo if any future Minifters 
 fhould, either for Gain, or to keep off a War (which 
 they (hall foolifhly draw upon themfelves, and not have 
 the Skill to manage) be inclined to make their Peace 
 with a RESTITUTION of this Impregnable Bulwark, we 
 may comfort ourfelves with this Reflection, that they 
 will not have the Rafhnefs to do'it, nor dare to give 
 up a Place, which is fo deeply rivetted in the Af- 
 feftions and Efteem of the whole Nation. 
 
 Whatever Promifes therefore fame farmer Minrfters 
 may have either made or advifed, concerning the Re- 
 Jlitution of this Place, we may be aflured that Tbofe, 
 at prefent in Power, will not think themfelves obliged 
 to fulfil them ; much lefs to .make or advife any other ; 
 for they will, no doubt, have more Regard to the 
 Welfare of their Country, as well as to their own In- 
 tereft (which are equally concerned) than to encourage 
 or even liften to any Propofals of that Nature. 
 
 But, farther ; as the Concurrence of his Majefty, 
 both Houfes of Parliament, the Mkiftry, and the 
 
 * Vide the Address from Lynr. RegLj. 
 
 2.
 
 N 33. fbe Cfc-AfTSM AN. 26$ 
 
 whole Kingdom in their Opinion of its Value, will 
 fecure it againft Corruption at Home ; fo the natural 
 Strength of the Place, the Bravery of our Troops, 
 and the Affiftance of our powerful ALLIES, will be 
 fufficient to defend it Abroad ; for though, peraapfl, Ji 
 may be the natural Inter eft even of our Friends to wifii 
 that Fortrefs in any other Hands ; yet I will never 
 believe but that it is their political Intercji to maintain, 
 it in its prefent Pofleffion ; and notwithftanding the 
 Suggeilions of evil-minded Men, nothing mall induce 
 me to entertain the lead Diftruft of their Fidelity ', 
 efpecially if it be true that a great and extraordinary 
 Miniiler did make himfelf anfwerable for the French 
 Faith in a Place, where he could not be imderftood to 
 trifle or prevaricate. 
 
 In This only will their Fidelity appear ; for as we 
 sre fenfibly concerned only about the Preiervation of. 
 this Place ; fo they can have no Opportunity of de- 
 monftrating their religious Obfervation of Treaties fo 
 much, as by contributing their utmoft and immediate 
 Affiftance towards raifing the Siege and defeating the 
 Attempts of our Enemies. 
 
 I have, in this Paper, purpofely declined to enter 
 into the Particalars of the Importance of Gibraltar, 
 defigning them for another Paper or two, which irnll 
 be publiihed very fpeedily, in order to animate the 
 Zeal of my Countrymen in its Defence, and confirm 
 them in that high Opinion of its Value, which they 
 have fo juftly conceived. 
 
 In the mean time I may, I hope, take the Liberty 
 to apply the memorable Sentence of Sir RICHARD 
 STEELE, concerning the Demolition of Dunkirk, to the 
 prefent Occasion ; fince the Britim Nation could not 
 more juftly expecl: the Demolition of that Place, than it 
 now does the vigorous Defence end Prefervntion ofGi- 
 
 B R A L T A R. D'
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N 34. 
 
 mM 
 
 K 34. Monday^ April 3. 
 
 Falfus honor jurat, ant mendax Infamia terret 
 Quern #//? mendacem 3" mendofum ? Hor. 
 
 Am obliged, by Promifc, in this Paper, 
 to lay before the Reader the Anfwen, 
 which two honourable Gentlemen, their 
 Friends and Seconds made, about nine 
 Years ago, to the Calumnies, Afperfion? 
 and Imputations, which fome merce- 
 nary Writers endeavoured to fix upon them, for re- 
 (igning their Employments ; for as I have already pub- 
 limed an Abftracl: of the Charge ; fo common Juftice 
 calls upon me to exhibit the Sum of their Defence 
 which I now proceed to do with great Plea-fore, lea. 
 ving every Reader to make the proper Application. 
 
 EXT R ACTS from. aPamphkt, intitleJ ; Some Perfons 
 vindicated againft the Author of the DEFECTION-, 
 
 " fcrV. and that Writer convicted of Malice and Falf- 
 kood. 
 
 By R W -, Efql 
 
 (Page 4.) " It feems to be the modern Vice of Che 
 *\ Times, and peculiar to the Divisions of this Age, 
 " VTZ,.} That as foon as any Man, for what Reafcn ft- 
 " ever, thinks fit to decline the Party he was engaged 
 ** with, that Party endeavours to blacken and afperfe 
 " him ; load his ConducJ with Reproaches, and his 
 " Perfin with Calumny, in the greffeft Manner, 
 *' without Refpeft to the Dignity or Quality of his 
 
 Per-
 
 N 34. tfbe GRAFTS-MAN. 207 
 
 " Perfon, or the Character he has born even among 
 " tbemfelves; and, which is ftill worfe, without re- 
 ' fped to Truth or Juftice, Humanity or Charity ; 
 " much lefs Religion. 
 
 " Ic often happens, and indeed 'tis natural to be- 
 " lieve, that it is generally, if not umverfally fo ; that 
 " this is done to 'fmother the real Caitfes and De- 
 " feJts in the Party, from which thofe Perfons draw 
 " off; that the Knavery, which could not be cempli- 
 *' ed with ', the Lengths, which could not be run ; and 
 " the mznyfecre! Practices, which were diflitfd, and 
 " the Dijtike of which may have been the real Caufes 
 " of declining the Service they were in, might be 
 " concealed. 
 
 "Gentlemen in high Pofts in the Government, 
 " and in the Aiminiftration of publick Affairs, may 
 " find themielves uneafy in their Employments, upon 
 " many Accounts ; (too many to mention here) and 
 may chufe rather to quit their Employments, than 
 to ferve in the Manner and with thofe Uneafineffes 
 they fuffer'd ; and yet it does not follow, that they 
 have the leafl Deficiency in their LOYALTY tp 
 their Prince 5 who, perhaps, is not at all the Caufe ' 
 of thofe UneafinefTes, nor any way party to them ; 
 but 'tis very hard that. Tbofe, who really were the 
 Caufe, and vvhofe Meafures the Perfons declining 
 chofe rather to quit the Profits nnd Honours of the- 
 Service, than to comply with, mould be at Liberty 
 to/addle the Offence, given only to tbofe Men, upon 
 their MASTER ; and reproach tbofe Men with want 
 of Duty, who really wanted only to be able ta 
 ferve, without fubmitting their Judgments in Cafes, 
 which they could not think it reafonalle, or for 
 their Maftzrs Service to comply with. 
 ' In a Word, 'tis a Scandal in the higheft Degree 
 " unjuftifiable, that when Differences may happen a- 
 " mong the Manager^ of publick Affairs, the Perfons, 
 45 who quit the Service, muft always be charged with 
 
 s 2 p/y-
 
 Vhe CRAFTSMAN. N 34. 
 
 <* Dijloyahy and Difaffeftion; and, which is woife, 
 " with DESIGNS j which is the new Calumny raifcd 
 4< upon the Perfens now to be fpokea of. 
 
 (Page 9 ) " Before I enter into the Labyrinth of 
 c Words without Meaning, which cram'd this cla- 
 *' morous Libel, it is decent to enquire one Thing of 
 " its Author, viz. whether it was Forgetfuhefs or a 
 *' Senfe of the Impnffibility of performing it, which 
 ' was the Occafion that, throughout his whole Book, 
 <f he has not fo much as attempted to charge tbtfe 
 <( Perfons with any * Mismanagement in the great Ein- 
 " ployments* which they have born the Weight of, 
 ' through the Adminiilration of the prrfent or pafl 
 " Reign ! 
 
 (Page 1 5-) " Minifters of State have always a Right 
 *' of preferving their own Principles ; and a Liberty 
 f of adhering to what, in their Judgment, they 
 *' think is for the Service of their Country and the In- 
 " tereft of the M after they ferve ; otherwife they were 
 " Slaves by Office and while they were impowered to 
 preferve the Rights and Liberties of their Felfow- 
 Subjefls, they were deprived of tkeir own. It is 
 no JDerogation frooi the Sovereign to fay, that this 
 Liberty is allowed to all his' Majefly's Servants* 
 tho' they were to have the Misfortune to differ in 
 their Judgment from that of the Sovereign himfelf; 
 and our own Government is not without many Ex- 
 amples recent in Memory, where This has been 
 praftifed without any Offence } the Minifter of 
 Stats, who has the Misfortune to differ in his Judg- 
 ment, having nothing to do, but with Duty and 
 Refpeft to rejign his Employment. 
 " Much more then is this Right and Claim their 
 juit Due, when the ? erf on, with whom they differ, 
 is not only not the Sovereign, but even their Fellow- 
 
 Vile the Crafifman, N 52. or the Vefeflion confider'A. 
 37,41,45,48,6*. 
 
 " Servant
 
 N 34. &%e CR A F T s M A N. 20p<- 
 
 " Servant in the Adminiftration ; and whofe Judg- 
 " ment, tho 1 founded ever fo well upon right Prin- 
 ** ciples as to Duty, muft be allowed to be equally fub- 
 *' jeft to Miftake, as that of our own. In this Cafe- 
 " the Mini ft er differing and faithfully reprefenting the 
 " Reafon of his Judgment, may have, perhaps, no 
 " Misfortune in his Judgment, but That of being ovet- 
 " ruled; which, in forneCafes,ma.y be as muc h a Misfof- 
 " tune to his Country, as to bimfelf, and more too. 
 
 (Page 1 6 ) " Now whether this was the Cafe of the 
 " Perfons, whom this Libeller defames ; or whether it 
 " was not ; yet for the Purpofe let me fuppofeit waff} 
 " many Reafons forbidding me entering here on the 
 " Specification of the Particulars. The Libeller is 
 ' ' not afhamed to fight under the Protection of the pre- 
 *' fent Miniftry, as if no Man durft fuppofe any Thing,. 
 " how much foever in his own Defence, which might 
 " look like a Reflection that Way ; but he fhall be a'ri- 
 " venfrom this Cover ; for, without any Reproach- 
 ** upon, or Offence to the prefent Mir.ifters of State, 
 " I mall fuppofe that they may differ with others, 
 " and others from them ; or that any Minifters ef 
 *' State may differ in their Sentiments one from ano- 
 " ther ; and yet may be all equally and Jincerely at- 
 " tached to his Majeftys Intereft, and to the Service 
 ** of their Country ; nor is there any Defign, in what- 
 ** ever is faid here, fo much as to inlinuate that the 
 " Mifiifters, from whom thefe Perfons differ 'd in' th'e 
 '* Adiriniltration of publick Affairs, were notjincere- 
 " ly embarked in the general Intereft, however they 
 " might be of a different Opiaion as to the "Means* 
 *' The Bufinefs here is not to accufe any, or refledl 
 '* upon any ; but to defend innocent Perfons againft un- 
 " jtift Accufations and Reflections, and deleft- the Ma- 
 " lice of them. The Queftion here is not to ftiggeft" 
 " that the Miniftry, from whom thefe aceufed Perfons 
 M are faid to divide, are Enemies to the Intereft of King. 
 ** GEORG, and the Intereft of tkeir Country, but to- 
 S j. '* make.
 
 210 2ltfCR AFT S MAN. N 34. 
 
 '< make appear the Malice ofTbpfe, who pretend that 
 *' the o/^^rj are fo. 
 
 (Page 26 ) " It is evident, that there has not me 
 ml Vote there (i. e. in Parliament] gone contrary to the 
 * g King's Defires. Even That of asking Money, without 
 *' a Specification of the MANNER of difpofing it, tho' 
 *' oppofed by many Gentlemen, whom tbefe Perfons had 
 *' no Influence upon, yet pafs'd the Houfe with the 
 ** kigheft Demonftration of Duty and Confidence to and 
 * l in his Majefty's Prudence, and his Royal Inclinations 
 ** to do nothing but what fhould be for the Good of 
 ** all his People. 
 
 " Why does not this Libeller give one Inftance, 
 *' wherein the King's Affairs have been dijtrefled ; arrd 
 <. w hy does he not explain what he means by thefe 
 ** Men's hazardin* all ? Are the King's Affairs in a 
 ' diflreffed Condition ? Or, are they not in the mort 
 *' fi-.urijbing Condition that ever they were in; or that 
 * ever this Nation knew the p:iblick Affairs in ? 
 
 (Page 29.) " Do thefe Libellers think that the Re- 
 ** putation of tbefe Perfins muft fink under their Ca- 
 *' l-urnny., for the bare, fmgle Step of dtfagreeing with 
 ** the other Statefmen, whom they were embarked 
 " with ; and not perhaps concurring with their Me*- 
 " tboih in Management ? Muft they be JACOBITES, 
 " becaufe they do not confent to King GEORGE'S 
 " Bufmefs tbeir Way ? May not both be equally fin- 
 cere in the royal Intereft, though they cannot fet 
 Horfes together in the Forms ? 
 " Why does not this Libeller let us know what it 
 was that they ever did, or offered to do, that was 
 injurious to the King's Interefl, during the whole 
 Time of their Management ? To tell us what Mea- 
 fures they take now, and what Inftrument-s they think 
 fit to ukJiKce, is to enter upon a new Argument ; 
 in which whoever dips, muft account alfo for the 
 Vfage they have received from a fcandalous, da* 
 muring Set of Men, as well in Pamphlets, Libels,
 
 N 34. 3Toe CRAFT s MAN. 
 
 News-Papers and Converfation, as eJfewbere ; which 
 may have obliged them to act in their own jujl De- 
 fence, and for the effectual clearing up their oien 
 Reputation. 
 
 (Page 30. ) " The Quotation from the Libel inti- 
 mates thofePerj'ons getting itnmenfe Sums by hisMa- 
 jcfty's Bounty. If the Libeller had not been 
 known to be a Man, who never laid much Strefs 
 upon the Proof, of any Thing he faid, or ever en- 
 deavoured to be recommended to the World for 
 his Veracity, he would perhaps have thought him- 
 felf obliged to have mentioned fotne of thofe itu- 
 menfe Sums thefe Perfons have gained ; me w 'dhow 
 exorbitant they were ; how unjuftly gotten ; and 
 by what Methods. He would have laid open and 
 expofed the * Corrupt itn of their Adminillration, 
 and the like ; where have they made a Property of 
 His Majefty's Authority, or a Prey of his Subjects ? 
 Whofe Ox, or vvhofe Afs have they taken ? Who 
 
 ' complains of their Exactions ; their Extortions ', 
 
 * their Delays ;. or their InjuiUce ? 
 
 EXTRACTS from a Pamphlet intitled, The DefeftLn 
 
 detefted, or Faults laid on the right Side. 
 (Pag. 4.) To accufe Gentlemen, who are irre- 
 " proachable for Loyalty and Condufl, of Want of 
 " both ; to arraign them them for Ingratitude and 
 " Treachery ; to infult them with odious Mifreprc- 
 " fentatiens, are Actions fo flagrant and offenfive to 
 " good Manners, that (let the Quality of the Per- 
 " fon fo doing, or fo encouraging to be done, be ne- 
 " ver fo great or confpicuous) the Injufticc of fo cri- 
 4< minal a Demeanor calls loadly for the Animadver- 
 
 * Vidi the Craftfman and Defeffinn as directed before ; 
 r a Pamphlet intitled, An Anfiver to the Character and 
 Conduct of R W , E%.5cc-
 
 ii a 7?^ CRAFTSMAN. N 34. 
 
 " fion of fuch, as have any Regard for unfullied Re- 
 " putations and unblaweable Characters. 
 
 (Page 17.) " When they were in Place, how were 
 " they not carefled and adored ! Now they are out of 
 " Employment, how not derided and vilified ! As if 
 " Reafon, Eloquence and Merit were annexed to an 
 " Office; and thofe Excellencies of Precaution and Ma- 
 " nagement, that made them the Objefts of the 
 " Whigs Admiration and Efteem before, had no longer 
 '* Duration than their Abode in C O UR TS. As if 
 " to be diffatisfy'd with fame Metis Proceedings was 
 " to aft in Difobligation of all the whole Party ; and 
 " to refufe an implicit AfTent to fame of their Fellow- 
 " fervar.ts Schemes was to aft in Contempt of their 
 
 EXTRACTS from a Pamphlet intitled, The Rejigwrs 
 Vindicated ; Part I. 
 
 ( Page 6.) "If the Cafe of the Duke of Nortbam- 
 tf berland can bear any Parallel, I defire him to apply 
 " his Infolence, Ca^etoufnefs and Ambition in the right 
 *' Place. I am fure, He has a lefs Title to it, who 
 '* attempts to mine but in one Capacity, than They* 
 " who would make us belTeve they have a Genius for 
 " half a Dffzerz different Employments. 
 
 (Page 8.) " - One would imagine there was 
 " fomething like Magick in Places and Preferments. 
 " A Man no fooner fteps into them, but he has all the 
 " Perfections of a little Divinity ; and he is no fooner 
 " out, but the Charm is undone, and he becomes the 
 " moft difagreeable and infamous of Mankind. 
 
 " While Mr. W -- le was at the Head of the 
 w T-y, the Encomiums of fome Men ran fo high 
 " upon his Adminiftration, that the CeciTs, Godol~ 
 " />l/'s, and Jialif ax's were thought little, in refpedl 
 " of his fuperior Merit. The Whigs were fo charm- 
 " ed with kirn, that hardly any Tking was condufl- 
 
 " ed
 
 N G 34. fhe CRAFTSMAN. 2:3 
 
 " ed without confulting him as an Oracle. His ad- 
 " mirable Addrefs in the Affairs of the Houle ; his 
 " malterly Eloquence and nervous Reafoning" were the 
 " Subjects of all Converfation. Now thefe very Per- 
 " fons think his Oratory calm and lifeleji as a cer- 
 " tain great Mans Prayers ; his Wit and his Argu- 
 " ment have loft all their Force ; and even common 
 " Senfe left him, the Minute he left his Places. Thus 
 " we fee that Senfe and Integrity are merely topical, 
 " and a M.\n mult aft within the Compafs of a pre- 
 " fcrib'd Circle, or he runs a Rifque of forfeiting his 
 " \inderftaitding or his Morals. 
 
 ( Page 9 ) " How This can be called a criminal 
 
 " Conjpiracy, I cannot underftand ; unlefs all Rejig- 
 natirn implies Guilt, in the fame Manner as he 
 makes all Continuance in Place to imply Merit. An 
 bonefl J Man may be dirlatisfied. He may think it 
 improper to aft in particular Conjunctions, without 
 incurring the Cenfure of any Body ; and who can 
 " donbt, but that he has good Reafons* as the World 
 " goes, when he facrifices his Interejt to his Opinion ? 
 
 " It is unjuft and uncharitable to attribute an 
 
 " Aftion of fuch Confequence to Pet, Wbim, Hu- 
 " mour and PaJJion ; and He knows little of the 
 " World, who imagines Tbefe carry fuch a Sway 
 " with Men of zfedate Temper ; and it fhews that 
 " the Writer was put to poor Shifts, when he was 
 " forced to read us (\ichfa!fe Ethicks for a Reafon. 
 
 (Page 1 8 ) < They muft be but ill read 
 
 ** in human Nature, who can encourage fuch un- 
 worthy Ufage of One, \vhofe former Merit they ac- 
 knowledge j fuch Liberties frequently returning, in 
 a double Proportion, on the Heads of the Revilers. 
 Lipjjus has a fine Obfervation on this Occafion. 
 )ui Libellos famofos in lapfam Dignitatem edunt, 
 woimetipfis fupp/ifia par ant ; mult a quoniam neccffe 
 eft ejjefifia ; multa in pejus detorta ; plitrima, qu<e 
 *< ad Raja erant, oblita. Occajlo inde Lsefo data eft 
 
 (OtttX*
 
 214 fb* CRAFT SM AN. N 34. 
 
 contumeliam fortlter repellendi ; 3* etiam qu<e rera 
 J'unt ex fittorum Refutation minuendi ; quid quod 
 
 idem acrius Laedentis vitia intuetur, undequaque op- 
 
 prolria retorquenda (oiligit, 3 replicaturus Cautlo- 
 
 nem Acci'fatienis vi commifcet. 
 
 In this ample, learned and rational Manner were 
 thofe honourable Rffigners vindicated from the vile Af- 
 perfions and mofl unjuft Imputations of their Adver- 
 faries. Whether the fame Arguments may not be 
 applied in behalf of fome Gentlemen at prefent (who 
 have been loaded with the fame Imputations ; Bribery, 
 Extortion and Corruption excepted ) let the Reader 
 determine ; but as it might be expefted that I mould 
 fay fomething on this Head, which has been ib much 
 infilled on, I thought proper to treat it in this Man- 
 ner ; for though I am fenfible that fuch perfonal Al- 
 tercations are foreign to the Merits of the Caufe ; 
 yet Argumenta ad Hominem have always been allow'd ; 
 and where ObjeRions are merely perfinal, a well- 
 grounded Recrimination is a fufficient Anfwer. 
 
 I mall now proceed in my general Defign, and not 
 fuffer myfelf to be diverted by any Objections, which 
 are not more confederable, or have fome Relation to 
 the Subjeft in Debate. #. 
 
 Friday,
 
 N 35* 
 
 CRAFTSMAN. 215 
 
 N 35. Friday, April 7. 
 
 H E Port and Town of Gibraltar be- 
 ing become the Subject of moft Con- 
 verhtion, and its Preservation the Ob- 
 jeft of every honeft Man's Hopes and 
 Wifhes ; the great Confequence of it 
 to this Kingdom never more juftly de- 
 ferved our Attention than at this Time, if confider'd 
 only in two Points ; firft, as it preferves to us the Con- 
 veniency, Protection and Security of our Trade to the 
 Streigbts, above That of all other Nations ; more ef- 
 pecially in Regard to the Algerines and SaUee-men, 
 who ave influenced by it to continue their Treaties 
 made with us ; which they never do longer with ary 
 other Nation than till they find it their Intereft to 
 break them j Secondly, in refpecl: to the great Advan- 
 tage, which the PoiTeffion of that Place hath already 
 given us, when in War with France and Spain ; and 
 confequently will always give us again upon the like 
 Occafions, whilft we continue to keep it. 
 
 Fir ft 3 in refpecl to our Trade ; for as it commands 
 the Paflage or Entrance of all our Navigation into the 
 MediterAttean, both in Peace and War ; fo it is equally 
 neeeffary, and as much our Intereft to keep it ourielves, 
 as it is for any Gentleman to keep Poffeffion of the 
 Gate, which leads to his own Houfe ; it being in the 
 Power of Thofe, who poflefs this Port, at all Times to 
 interrupt, annoy, or hinder whom they mail think fit 
 in their Trade, by keeping only tw> or three Ships of 
 War conftantly on that Station ; in the fame Manner 
 alrnoft as the Danes, by the Poffeffion of Eljineur, 
 
 com-
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N 35. 
 
 command the Paflage into, and out of the Baltick ; 
 fo that if this Port were in the Hands of any other 
 Nation, it would be in their Power likewife either to 
 permit us to navigate or trade within the Streigbts or 
 not,as they mould think fit ; unlefs a very ftrong Squa- 
 dron were conftantly kept at the Entrance of the 
 Streigbts-Moutb to fecure the PafTage, and to be reliev- 
 ed from Time to Time by frefli Ships ; which would 
 put us to a much greater Expence than we are now 
 at, in keeping the Place in Difpute. 
 
 Before England was in Poffeffion of Tangier, on the 
 oppofite Side of the Streights, we were never able to 
 de?.l with the Algerines and other Turki/h Rwers $ who, 
 for near a hundred Years, had carried on a fuccefsful 
 piratick War againft the Commerce of this Nation, 
 and never could be reduced ;till, by the Situation and 
 our Pofleffion of the above mention'd Place, we di- 
 ftrefled them fo much, not only by taking their Ships 
 going in and coming out of the Streigbts, but alfo by 
 retaking fuch of their Prizes, as they had taken in the 
 Ocean, that at laft they were forced to be content with 
 fuch a Peace as we would give them ; the Continuance 
 of which is now owing to nothing fo much as to our 
 having been, for many Years paft and at prefent, in the 
 fame Condition to chaftife thofe Rovers, by the Pof- 
 feffion of Gibraltar, as we were before by the Pof 
 feflion of Tangier. 
 
 The Security of our Italian,Turkey, aud Fijb Trades 
 intirely depends on our Pofleffion of this Place; arid 
 fliould we ever loia it, or part with it, it is very rea- 
 ibnable to believe that both the Algerines and Sal/ee- 
 mcn would foon break with us again; fo that, in fuch 
 a C:.fe, the abovcfaid Branches of Trade would almoll 
 wholly fall into the Hands of our Rivals the French 
 from Marfeilles ; who, by their Sit nation, are always 
 ready at Hand to furnifh thofe Markets, as foon as they 
 are in Want ; while we, on our Part, mail be obliged 
 to carry on that Trade by the tedious Methods of 
 
 Fleets
 
 N 35. fbe CRAFTSMAN. 216 
 
 Fleets and Convoys ; and, at lalt, perhaps, come long 
 after the Market is fupplied by our Rivals* iiefides 
 all This, the Article of Infurance, which would cer- 
 tainly run much higher than ufual under thefe Cir- 
 cumiUnces, would prove a heavy Charge on our Goods, 
 more than on Thole of other Tiudcrs, which would 
 thereby very much afFecl; thole Branches of our Trade 
 and Navigation. 
 
 Nay, the Mifchicf would not flop here ; for 
 as the Algerinest of late Years, cruife in Sum- 
 mer Time at the Mouth of our Channel (where 
 they lately took a very rich Oft end Enft-India Ship) 
 .and as forne of them have alib come into our very 
 Ports two or three Years fucceifively ; fo it is poffible, 
 that if we mould lofe Gibraltar, they may become, be- 
 ing fo well acquainted with our Channel, a much more 
 dingerous Enemy to us, than ever they were formerly; 
 and may attack all our Trade in general, as the St. Ma. 
 lo Privateers did in the late Wars, whenever they 
 mall find that they can carry home their Prizes with- 
 out Interruption; which is not to be done, unlefs we 
 mould be difpoffeffed of Gibraltar, and thereby take 
 the Bridle, which had hitherto reilrained them, out of 
 their Mouths. 
 
 Secondly, in Refpeft to our Neighbours ; Gibraltar 
 is fituated in fuch a Manner, that it is in the Power 
 of the prcfent PofTeflbrs to cut off any naval Commu- 
 nication, between one Port and another, cf each of 
 t'hofe tzoo very powerful Kingdoms, with which we 
 .have Iv.d fuch frequent Occafions to be at War for 
 almoil thefe forty Years paft; who would foon turn the 
 Tables upon us, if they mould recover this Place out 
 of our Hands; efpecially in Times of any Rupture be- 
 tween us; nothing being more felf-evident than that 
 it gives to Thofe, who are Mailers of it, the Sover- 
 eignty and Command of the Commerce and Naviga- 
 tion of the Medlteranean Sea, and makes it impracti- 
 cable for any other Nation to trade there, without 
 T thrr
 
 2 1-7 Sltf CR A F S T M A N. N 3j. 
 
 their Leave. And farther, by our Pofleflion of this 
 Place, all Nations within the Mediterranean will be 
 obliged to court our Friendfhip, or fear our Power ; 
 particularly the pyratiek States", who, beholding Ven- 
 geance fo near at Hand, will be thereby deterred from 
 attempting to interrupt our Trade, while they are de- 
 .ilroying that of all others. 
 
 Neither is this Advantage all that we reap from the 
 Poffeffion of Gibraltar ; for it hath put into our Hands 
 ,almoft all the Freight-Trade into the Mediterranean 
 for many Years paft; efpecially That of the Hamburg- 
 la en and Hollanders, who have made ufe of Britijb 
 JBottoms only, to carry on their Commerce in thofe 
 Seas, till very lately; when the "Dutch obtained a Peace 
 with the Algerines, as it is faid ly our Means; whereby 
 xve are likely to lofe one of the greateit Advantages at 
 prefcnt belonging tothe Navigation of Great-Britain} 
 which we before enjoyed, whilft thofe Merchants 
 made ufe of Engl.Jb Ships, finding it dangerous to ven- 
 ture their Eftates in any other. 
 
 ;JJut laying afide all other Confiderations, there can- 
 not be a ftronger Proof of the Importance, which the 
 Poffeffion of this Place ha'h been to us, than that it 
 hath in a Manner deftroyed the naval Power of France 
 from the Hour of our taking it to the Conclufion of 
 the fecond French War ; nor indeed could they ever 
 fend any naval Stores round about into thofe Seas, 
 without an apparent Danger of their falling into our 
 Hands, in going through the Streigbts ; fo that the 
 greateft Part of their Fleet hath become ufelefs ever 
 -nce, and never appeared at Sea again, but lay rotting 
 ^n their Harbours. 
 
 Jt would be needlefs to inforce this Argument with 
 many -other Inftances, which might be given of the 
 Advantage of this Port ; but it muft not be forgot 
 that its Promixity to Cadiz, the great Mart and Cen- 
 tre of aknoft all the Riches of America, gives us the 
 reateft Opportunity of commanding that Port, and 
 
 the
 
 N 35. fbe C & A F T s M A si- ii & 
 
 and the Trade frequenting it from the Weft-Indies 
 which, in Time of War with Spain, may be reckoned 
 of no fmall Confidential or Importance. 
 
 Whether therefore we. look on Gibraltar either in' 
 a mercantile or a political -Light ; fir ft, as it not on- 
 ly fecures all our own Commerce to Italy, Africa, 
 and the Levant, from the Infults and Annoyance of 
 thofe terrible Enemies the AJgerines and other Turk- 
 ijb Rovers ; but alfo helps us to the Carriage Tra.ie 
 of feveral other Nations ; or, fecondly, as it cuts ofF 
 all Communication between the Ports of our moll for- 
 midable Rivals, and thereby renders their mvul Fores 
 very precarious and inconfiderable ; the Pofieffion of' 
 this Place feems to be of fuch Importance, that I am 
 r.t a Lofs to guefs what Equivalent could be given us 
 for it. I am lure, at leaft, that any one of the fore- 
 going Confederations, taken fingly, would more than o- 
 ver- balance all the Expence, which the Nation at pre- 
 fent feels on that Account. 
 
 But once more, and to conclude. As the Advan- 
 tage's 01 Gibraltar, which refult to this Kingdom from 
 the foregoing Particulars, are fully confirm'd and de - 
 monltrated by the Experience of many Years paft ; 
 fo the Prefervation of it, at this Time, is of much 
 greater Importance than it ever was before, as will ap- 
 pear by confidering the prefent State of Affairs; that 
 Manufactures are ipringing up in moft Parts of Eu- 
 rope ; and that feveral powerful States are endeavour- 
 ing to vye with us in Commerce and a Maritime Force* 
 which ought to put us on the ftrifteft Guard, and 
 determine us not to part with a Place, which is mani- 
 feftly of fo much Advantage, by fecuring and impro- 
 ving our own Trade and Navigation ; as well as by 
 defeating the Attempts of our Enemies and Rivals. 
 
 O 
 
 T 2 Monday,
 
 2 ip The CRAFTSMAN. N36. 
 
 N 36 Monday, dpriL 10. 
 
 luirum id Perfidia et Perjurio Jjat, Deos nunc 
 ^eftes effe, mix fore Ultores. Liv. 
 
 S there are no Doftrines or Tenets* 
 however ridiculous or abfurd, which 
 have not obtained fome Favourers and 
 Profelites; fo there never were any Ac- 
 tions, however vile or impolitick, which 
 have not been coloured over by defign- 
 'ng Men (the Managers and Conduclers of them) with 
 plaufible Pretences and artful Reprefentations. Dun- 
 kirk was not fold to the French, nor 'Tangier demolUh'd, 
 in the Reign of King Charles II, without fome fpe- 
 cious Reafons, befides that prevailing one of Money, 
 to juftify thofe Meafures, and impofe on the Publick ; 
 and though the Folly and Wickednefs of thofe Ac- 
 tions have been fince fully condemned by all Men of 
 Senfe as well as Hitlorians ; and the Effedls of them 
 (efpecially of the vile Bargain for Dunkirk] were fe- 
 verely felt in our late Wars with France and Spain ; 
 vet it cannot be forgot what Intereit was ufed, in the 
 iftft Reign, to rei cue it from that ju ft Sentence of Dc- 
 ilrudtion, which was pafled upon it by the Treaty of 
 Utreckt ; and though perhaps the fame Kind of 
 Arguments, which procured the Sale of this Place in 
 the former Reign, were employed to prevent its De- 
 tn'ilition in the latter, yet it is evident that they had not 
 the fame Weight with the Queen and her Miniftry. 
 
 When-
 
 N 36. The CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 Whenever, therefore, I look back on thefe Tranf- 
 aftions, I can eafily account for any Objections, thi'.t 
 I meet with in Converfation, againft the Importance 
 of Gibraltar, or any Reafons that I hear urged for 1 
 its Rejlittttion ; which, by reflecting on paft Occur- 
 rences, do not fo much raife my Aftonifhment, as 
 they provoke my Indignation. 
 
 But as I hwe, in my laft Paper, given the Reader 
 a fhort and plain Sketch of the Advantages, which 
 we receive from this Place ; fo it cannot be improper 
 to examine the Objections againft it ; which we mall 
 find to be juft the fame, that were formerly made 
 Ufe of againft our Poflefiion of Dunkirk and Tan- 
 gier. 
 
 In the firft Place, it is faid, by fome ignorant and 
 unthinking Perfons, that the Polleflion of this Place 
 puts the Nation, every Year, to a greater Expejic? 
 than it is worth. In Anfwer to This, it is fufficient 
 to obferve that the whole Charge of maintaining it^ 
 in Times of Peace, does not amount to much above 
 fifty Thoufand Pounds a Year ; which is no great 
 Article in J'even or e'-gbt Mil/ions, that are ufually 
 railed for the current Expences of the Government, 
 and the Interejl of the Debts', and might eafily be 
 faved by cutting off only nine or ten ufclcfs Pe>ijtons', 
 or fome other unnecefftirv Burthens. 
 
 As to its Expence in Time of War, I think I have 
 faid enough in my former Paper to prove, from the 
 Importance of it, that let it be what it will, it can- 
 not be more than it is really worth ; and if fo, how 
 ridiculous and unreafonable would any Parfimony be, 
 in this Cafe ? Have we not, for thirty or forty" 
 Years paft, made War at the Expence of Hundreds . 
 of Millions, and loft half a Million of Men, to ob- 
 tain Kingdoms, Principalities and Dominions for other 
 Princes ; and fhall we now think much of a necef- 
 fary Expence for maintaining and defending our owii* 
 j'tft PJght and jP>-0/ter/v againft Thofe, for whofe Sake ; 
 ' T 3 we
 
 ail fbe CRAFTS MAN. N 36. 
 
 we have lavimed away fuch immenfe Sums in a vo- 
 lunfary Manner ? 
 
 Aa ingenious Writer on this Subjeft makes the fol- 
 lowing Oofervation, concerning the Charge of main- 
 taining Gibraltar, and fuch Objections againll it. 
 
 " Strange and furprizing Inftance of our new 
 " Frugality and good Husbandly! that we, who foi? 
 " thirty Years together, have rioted in Millions ; 
 ' and, 'till Heaven bleffed us with the prefent Mini- 
 " Jlry, never minded what we gave; nor to whom j 
 " we, who drained the Exchequer, and mortgaged 
 " the Nation, mould now, from a Principle of 
 " Saving, facrifi' e the fole Fruit of all our Expences, 
 " to prevent a Charge, which is but equal to That 
 " of a few ufekfs Penjlons ! Thank Heaven, from 
 " lavifning Millions, we are grown thrifty in Pounds* 
 " Shillings and Pence. 
 
 However, this Evil might, long ago, have been 
 remedied, and may ftill be remedied, by the Probity 
 and good Management of the prefent Minijfen ', for 
 it is generally believed that if the Place inDifpute had 
 been declared a free Port, like Leghorn, on our firit 
 PofTeffion of it, being full as commodious as that 
 for Trade ; and if a civil Government had been efta- 
 blifhed there, inftead of a military One; it would 
 long fmce have maintained itfelf by a moderate Duty 
 on all Goods imported and exported ; and would 
 thereby have deprived the neighbouring Ports ef 
 Spain of great Part of their Trade ; by which Means 
 there would have been no Complaint of its prefent 
 Charge ; but, on the contrary, the Profits made by 
 its Governors, added to the other Advantages of a 
 free Port, would, in all Probability, have been more 
 than fufficient to have eafed the Government at home 
 f that Burthen. 
 
 But if, for want of fuch a Regulation, thefe and 
 tie like Arguments mall be efleemed valid, and it 
 fiiould be thought advifeable to give up this im- 
 portant.
 
 N 36. :Tbe CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 pjrtant Place, in order to avoid Expence ; the next 
 Demand, perhaps, which the Spaniard will make 
 on us, will be to furrender our Colonies in the Weft 
 Indies ; then Plymouth, Portfmsutb, and fo on ; 
 with which it would be equally reafonable to com- 
 ply, becaufe we fhould be at a great Expence to de- 
 fend them againft their Attempts ; and thus we may 
 continue giving one Thing after another, till we be- 
 come the Scorn and Contempt of the whole World. 
 
 It is fa : d farther, that even fuppofing the Spaniards 
 mould take this Place, or it mould be delivered up 
 to, them, we might ftill expeft to have the Advan- 
 tage of the Port and Harbour upon all Occafions. 
 This is juft as reafonable, as it would be for a Man 
 to part with his Coat off his Back, or his Sword 
 from his Side, in order to borrow them, or beg the 
 Ufe of them, when he Hands in need ; and, in all 
 Probability, will meet with a Denial. 
 
 Another Objection is, that the Spaniards will ne- 
 ter be eafy whilft Gibraltar is in our Hands ; and 
 therefore it is neceflary to part with it, in order to 
 procure a Peace, and fettle the Tranquility of Eu- 
 rope. I have before obferved (and indeed the whole 
 Kingdom has obferved it in their AddreJ/es ) that 
 this Place has been yielded to us by folemn Treaties, 
 as well as acquired in lawful War ; and that the 
 King of Spain, by acceding to the Quadruple Alli- 
 ance, renounced all Claim to it, whether by Promife 
 or otherwife, which was previous to that Treaty. 
 But fuppofing it true, that the King of Spain will 
 not be contented without it ; muft Peace, as well as 
 War, be always negotiated at our Expence, and muft 
 our Interejl always be facrificed to the Tranquility 
 of Europe? It is well known that, in the Reign of 
 King Charles II. the Spaniards demanded the Re- 
 ftitutioa of Jamaica with as much Importunity as 
 they now demand That of Gibraltar ; yet by obfti- 
 nate Refufals (even in that Reign, which was none- 
 
 of
 
 23' &be CRAFTS MAN. N36. 
 
 of the beft) and long PofTeffion, we feem to have 
 filenced" them on that Head j as I doubt not we 
 might foon do on the other, by the Exercife of a 
 little publick Virtue and Conftancy to our Country. 
 
 The fame ingenious Author, before cited, has a 
 very juft Remark on this Occafion. 
 
 <( Has any Englijb Mini/try^ fays he, ever pre- 
 
 * fumed to propofe to the King, to deliver up the 
 
 * Dutchies of Bremen and VerbJen, in order to 
 procure a Peace in the North ; to fettle the fb 
 much defired Balance of Power there ; and to 
 
 * prevent the Charge to England of fending out 
 annual Fleets at a very great Expence ? And yet, 
 it is faid, his Majefty, before the laft Treaty with 
 Sweden, pretended no Title to thofe Countries, 
 
 but a Mortgage from a Prince, who had no other 
 himfelf but Cor.queft. And dares any one pro- 
 pofe to a Britijh King the delivering, to a baffled 
 and fubdued Enemy, the moft important Place in 
 the World to the Trade and naval Empire of 
 England ; the Key of the Mediterranean ; the 
 Terror of our Enemies ; and the beft Pledge of 
 our new Friend/hips \ and This too, after we have 
 
 * an undoubted Tide to it ; to which thofe Nations 
 ' are Guarantees, who have the greatcfl Intereft to 
 ' wreft it out of our Hands ? 
 
 Indeed; fome Men have been fo weak as to make 
 This an Argument for its Reftitution. We muft, 
 fay they, confent to deliver it up, becaufe even our 
 Friends and Allies join with our Enemies in this De- 
 mand. " I confefs, fays the fame Author, there 
 ' are many Reafons why They mould defire it ; 
 " (particularly the French) but they are unanfwerable 
 " Reafons too, why we fhould hear fuch a Propo- 
 " iition with Horror. 
 
 I muft beg Leave to quote one more Paflage from 
 
 this Writer. " God has 'now fent us a Miniftry. 
 
 " who will mend all thofe Faults, which They were 
 
 the
 
 N 36. The CRAFTSMAN. 214 
 
 ' the firll to condemn. The Intereft of the Publick is 
 '< their Intereft. They have no fecret Purfofes to 
 '* ferve by dark and Jkameful Treaties. In fine, they 
 '* have no defperate Game to phy, to defend them 
 '* from the EiFedts of defperate Meafurcs ; nor have 
 '* they, like the others, been trepann'd and out-wit- 
 ** ted by France', nor have any ungenerous Advantages 
 " been taken of their Credulity, when they had en- 
 " gaged Thcmielves and their Country beyond Re- 
 " treat. 
 
 Upon the whole, we may reft allured, that this 
 important Fortrefs (the Strength and Glory of Great 
 Britain } will never be given up either by a publick 
 or private Treaty, upon any Consideration whatfoe- 
 ver ; but we may conclude with the Gentlemen of 
 Hertfordjbire, that, " whatever the Enemies to our 
 " Peace may conceive from the intriguing Schemes 
 " of their felfjb, enterprizing Politicians, we doubt 
 " not but that good Providence, which fo fignally 
 " protefts his Majefty and thefe Kingdoms, w^l ab-atf 
 " their Pride and confound tbeir Devices. Z> 
 
 Friday, April 7. 
 To CALEB I)' A N v E R s, Efq* 
 
 SIR, 
 
 T Hough I frequently employ my Thoughts for 
 the Service of my Country, yet I know no 
 Way of communicating my Projects to the World, 
 unlefs you will be pkafed to take them into your 
 Protection, and recommend them to the Publick. 
 
 The common Subjeft of all Converfation, and the 
 beaten Topick of moft Pamphlets, at prefent, is that 
 abominable Corruption, which is faid to prevail in al- 
 moft all AJJemblies. Whether This be really true, or 
 w hither it is only Matter of popular Clamour, I can- 
 r.ot take upon me to determine; but let it be which 
 
 it
 
 12-5 &be C R A F T s M A >r. N 36; 
 
 it will, I think I have found out a certain a'ld infal- 
 lible Remedy for it. I cannot indeed fay that it will 
 immediately remove the Evil; but I am confident 
 that it will deitroy all the bad Effefts that may pro- 
 ceed from it. 
 
 What I would propofe, Sir, is, that every Perfcn, 
 who fhall be hereafter known to vote, on any Occa- 
 fion, for a Bribe, Gratuity, or Pen/ton, or fhall be 
 under any other pecuniary Influence, mould be di- 
 ftinguifhed, as all other Animals are, that are vendi- 
 ble, by fome outward and vifible Token ; and as you 
 may know an Horfe, that is to be fold, by a Piece of 
 colour 'd Riband on the Bridle ; or as the Courtezans, 
 in fome Countries abroad, are obliged to wear an 
 Habit different from modeft Women; fo I would 
 have all corrupt Perfons, who proftitute their Voices 
 for Hire, be obliged to wear a Knot of Ribands un- 
 der their left Ear ; that all People might know them 
 as they walk along the Street. This Ear-mark, for 
 aught I know, may be the only Way to make Man- 
 kind amamed of Corruption, and will certainly hare' 
 this good Effect at leaft, that it will fbon defiroy 
 all thofe foolifh Party Notions of Whig and Tory, 
 which have fo long made Diftinftions amongft us, 
 and kept honeft Men, on both Sides, from difcovering 
 that they meant, in Truth, the fame Thing, however 
 
 they might differ in their party Denominations. 
 
 Happy will it be for this Kingdom, when there fhall 
 be no other Dillinftion prevailing amonglt us, but 
 That of the KNOTTISTS and ANTI-KNOTTISTS ! 
 
 Before I refolved to fend you this Propofal, I com- 
 municated it to a Friend of mine, who is a dry Joker, 
 and a great Lover of a Pun. He told me that he 
 knew, in this Kingdom, a Set of as knotty-beaded 
 Fellows as any in Chriftendom - v but I, who am a 
 grave Man my felf, reproved him for fuch a ludi- 
 crous Conceit ; and told him that he ought not to 
 turn ferious Things into Ridicule. 
 
 I leave
 
 N 37. The CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 I leave it, Sir, to your Judgment, whether it will 
 be proper to extend this Regulation to the Clergy ; 
 becaufe, perhaps.it may, HEREAFTER, bean indecent 
 
 Sight to fee a whole Bench of B s drefled out in 
 
 a Set of new Knots alamode des Mefdetnoijelles Fran- 
 coifes. 
 
 I am, Sir, with profound Refpeft, 
 Yours, 
 
 JOHN ENGLISH. 
 
 AT. B. Thefe new-invented Court Ear-knots for 
 Penjtoners and Hirelings will be expofed to Sale, on 
 Wednefday next, in WeftmihJler-Hall, the Court of 
 Requefts, Arlington-Street, and at mofl other publick 
 Places about Town ; where Gentlemen may be accom- 
 modated with them, from Time to Time, made after 
 the nevveft Fafhion, and at reafonable -Rates 
 
 C 
 
 N 37, Friday, April 14. 1727* 
 
 S every Government has undoubtedly 
 a Right to defend itfelf; and fince the 
 wifeft written Laws cannot effectually 
 provide for its Safety againft all Emer- 
 gencies ; fo it muft be endowed with an 
 abfolute unlimitted Power, upon all ex- 
 traordinary Occafions and unforefeen Events-; for with- 
 out fuch a refer ved Power, every Government will 
 be continually in Danger of being overturn'd by the 
 iubtk Machinations of powerful and ill-defigning Men. 
 But, on the other Hand, this extraordinary Power 
 ought never to be exerted but upon extraordinary Oc- 
 . a/ions, in Times of real Danger and in Cafes of the ut-
 
 The CRAFTS MAN. N37 
 
 moft Extremity ; for, if it fhould come to be profti- 
 tuted and hackney'd about upon every little Job and 
 pretended Occafion, the Effence of a free State will 
 be entirely loft, and this great extraordinary Power 
 will be turned to the Deftruclion of the People, which 
 it was defigned to prevent. Indeed the the only Dif- 
 ference between a dcfyoiick and a free Government 
 confifts in This; that an arbitrary Governor has no 
 Law but his Will, and therefore always afts by an un- 
 limited, extraordinary Authority, whereas, the Go- 
 vernor of a free People has Rules prefcribed to him 
 for his Conduct, and is limited by Laws in the ordi- 
 nary Courfe of his Government ; and therefore never 
 acts in an abfolute, unlimited Manner, but when, up- 
 on extraordinary Occafions, the People think fit to 
 intruft him with fuch a Power. Thus the Roman 
 Diftators were never created but on the greateft E- 
 mergencies ; inverted with an abfolute Authority in all 
 Affairs, both civil and military; till the Occafion, on 
 which they were created, ceafed, and the Dan- 
 ger was over. This Power, whilft it continued only 
 temporary, was the real Security of the State; and, up- 
 on feveral Occafions.preferved it from Ruin ; but when 
 once it became ordinary, and the Diflator made him- 
 felf perpetual, it immediately fwallowed up the Li- 
 berties of that glorious People; and the Roman Com- 
 monwealth relapfed into its antient Tyranny and Ser- 
 vitude. 
 
 In England, we frequently exercife this extra- 
 ordinary Power, in Opposition to the ordinary 
 ; Fonn of our Government; fometimes, by tak- 
 ing off the legal Reltraint upon our Kings, 'and 
 inverting them with a Sort of DIElatfrial Au- 
 thority ; as in the Sufpenfion of the Habeas Car- 
 pus Aft, in Times of a Confpiracy, Rebellion, or 
 immirent Danger. Sometimes the Legiflature exer- 
 <:ifes this Power itfelf (as it undoubtedly has a Right 
 ito do) by Attainders, or Rills of Pains and Penal- 
 z tit;
 
 N 37. tfbe CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 ties, ex P'fl fatfo; but it has never yet been exerci- 
 fed, and I hope never will, but upon great and ex- 
 traordinary Emergencies. 
 
 There is another Power of this Nature, which our 
 Princes, or Minillers, by their Authority, exercife 
 upon the like Occafions, viz. That of opening and 
 reading Letters at the POST-OFFICE ; which I fup- 
 pole to be one of the antient Prerogatives of the 
 Crown ; becaufe I never heard of any Statute-Lazy 
 to this Purpofe ; for the Acl: Nona Annce, intitled An 
 Aft for eilabliihing a general P<ft-Office for all her 
 Majefty's Dominions, feems rather to allow of it, 
 under fome Reftriflions, as a prior Right inherent in 
 the Crow?., than to create and enaft fuch a Power ; 
 as will appear by the following Claufe. 
 
 " And whereas Abufes may be committed by wil- 
 fully opening, imbezzeling, detaining and delaying 
 Letters or Packets, to the great Difcouragement of 
 Trade, Commerce and Correfpondence ; for Preven- 
 tion thereof, be it enafted by the Authority afore- 
 faid, that from and after the faid firft Day of June 
 one thoufand feven hundred and eleven, no Perfon 
 or Perfons fhall prefume willingly, or knowingly, 
 to open, detain or delay, or caufe to procure, per- 
 mit, or fuiFer to be opened, detained, or delayed, 
 any Letter or Letters, Packet or Packets, after the 
 fame is or mail be delivered into the general, or 
 other, Poft-Office, or into the Hands of any Per- 
 fon or Perfons employed for the receiving or car- 
 rying Poft-Letters, and before Delivery to the Per- 
 fons to whom they are directed, or for their Ufe ; 
 EXCEPT by an exprefs Warrant in writing, under 
 the Hind of one of the principal Secretaries of 
 State, for every fuch opening, detaining or delay- 
 ing, &c. 
 
 But as the Exercife of this extraordinary Power, 
 
 from whencefoever originally derived, or howfoever 
 
 U author-
 
 7& CRAFT s MAN. N 37. 
 
 authorized (whether by any former Prerogative) or by 
 the Power in this Claufe] has never been publickly 
 examin'd, I hope a few Obfervations on that Head 
 will not be thought impertinent or difagreeable. 
 
 It is agreed on all Hands that, amongft private 
 Perfens, nothing ought to be held more inviolable 
 than the Communication of our Thoughts by a mu- 
 tual Intercourfe of Letters, The tender Concerns 
 and reciprocal Endearments of Lovers ; the unguar- 
 ded Intelligence of intimate Friends ; the Myfteries 
 of Tradefmen and Mechanicks ; the Negotiations, 
 Contracts and Engagements of mercantile Perfons ; 
 the Views, Expectations and Purfuits of Some j the 
 Misfortunes and Neceffities of Others ; ar.d the Se- 
 crets of Families in general, of whatfoever Kind, 
 which, are conveyed in an epiftolary Manner , are 
 Things of fo {acred a Nature, that, in all civiliz'd 
 Countries , it has been elteem'd highly fcandalous 
 to fatisfy our Curiofity at another's Expence- A 
 Man of true Honour will as foon break open a Lock 
 as a Letter , which does not belong to him; and 
 pick his Neighbour's Pocket, as foon as difcover 
 his Nakednefs in this Refpeft ; for a Letter, being 
 the Reprefentative of the Perfon's Heart, who fends 
 it, ought to pafs, without Examination or Inter- 
 ruption, to the Hand to which it is directed ; fince, 
 otherwife, this Convenience will be of little Ufe to 
 Mankind, who would no more communicate their 
 Thoughts, in a free Adanner. upon many Topicks, 
 than they would talk upon them in publick Com- 
 pany. When a Mnn therefore has fet down his 
 Thoughts upon a Piece of Paper, and put his Signet 
 upon it, he ought to be as fafe as if he was pri- 
 vately talking to his Friend in his Clofet; and I can- 
 not help thinking that Man a worfe Kind of Eves- 
 dropper, who breaks into this fecret Cabinet, than 
 one, who skulks under my Window, or liftens thro' 
 the Key-hole. 
 
 What
 
 N 37. /^CRAFTSMAN. 2.30' 
 
 Wh.it I have hitherto faid relates only to private 
 Perfons ; who cannot, upon any Account whatsoever, 
 be juftified in their Violation of thefe Secrets ; but it 
 muft not be applied to the Publick ; which being in- 
 veiled, as I before obferved, with a diffident Power to 
 defend itfelf, in Times of Danger or Sulpicion, cannot 
 be retrained , in the Exercife of its Authority, by 
 little Punctilio's of Honour, or the Niceties of good 
 Breeding ; for as the Welfare of tbt People ii tbefu- 
 freme Law, all private Confilsrations whatfoever muif. 
 give Place, and be f.icrificed to that good End. 
 
 Whenever therefore the Government receives In- 
 telligence of any fecret and dangerous Tranluctioas, 
 which are carrying on either at home or abroad ; or 
 entertains any well-grounded Sufpicion of th;-.t Nature, 
 it is not only juitifiable, but their Duty to examine 
 the Mails', and to ufe all other prudent Precautions, 
 in order to difcover and defeat the Defigns of their 
 Enemies. Then is their Time to exert this extraor- 
 dinary Authority ; in which they feem to aft under 
 the fame wholfome Commiffion with that of an 
 old Roman Diftator, nequid detrimenti Refpublicx 
 tapiat. 
 
 Indeed this Practice of examining the publick Cor- 
 refpondtnce, in Times of Danger, is fo well known ; 
 and fo many wicked Plots and Conspiracies have been 
 difcovered in this Manner, that it is very unaccount- 
 able how Men, who are engaged in fuch hazardous 
 Defigns, can be fo we.sk as to carry on their Corref- 
 pondence in a Way, which is fo open and liable to de- 
 tection ; efpecially fmce the Art of deciphering is arri- 
 ved to that Perfection ; which renders it almoft im- 
 poffible for them to deceive the enquiry of the Go- 
 vernment by any Sort of Figures or Characters ; nay, 
 fuppofing that they could find out a Method of wri- 
 ting, which would puzzle the molt skilful Adepts in 
 this Art ; yet fuch a dark and unintelligile Corref- 
 pondence would raife a fufficient Alarm to make a 
 U z wife
 
 2-31 ke CRAFTS MAN. N 37, 
 
 wife Miniftry fet all their Emiffaries and Engines at 
 Work, and would thereby have almoft the fame Ef- 
 fect, as if their Meaning were really unriddled. 
 
 However, fince it is notorious that fome Perfons, 
 even very lately, have been fo audacious, or infatuated, 
 *s to tranfacl their deteftable Defigns in this Manner , 
 it well becomes the Care of a vigilant Adminiftration, 
 to make ufe of this Authority, whenever there is any 
 jujl and well-grounded Occafion for fo doing. 
 
 .But herein confifts the Difference between our hap- 
 py Conftitution in England, and feveral arbritary Go- 
 vernments abroad ; that this Power is never exercifed, 
 amongft us, but when there is a real Occafion, and it 
 becomes necefTary for our own Safety. We are never 
 fubjeft to having our Letters ranfack'd, and the Secrets 
 of our Families expofed to the Derifion or Refentment 
 of great Men and little Clerks, but when it is in order 
 tofecxre our Liberties, and preferve us from Ruin ; nor, 
 indeed, ought it to be commonly pra&ifed, on the 
 King 's Account, as well as the Peopled ; becaufe it 
 would, in a great Meafure, difcourage Perfons from 
 communicating their Thoughts in this Manner, un- 
 lefs on the moft common and indifferent Affairs, and 
 thereby greatly prejudice his Majefty's Revenue. 
 
 For it is obfervable that the Reafon, given for the 
 Claufe in the Aft of Parliament before cited, is to 
 prevent the difccuragernertttoTradeiCominerce and Ccref- 
 fondence ; which I prefume will not be the lefs dif- 
 courag'd by Secretaries cf State opening Letters, than 
 by other Pirf'.ns ', and therefore even They ought not 
 to pra&ife it but upon very urgent Occasions ; for 
 which Reafon it is added in this Claufe, that no 
 Perfon mall open any Letter, even by a Secretary's 
 Order, unleis by an Exprefs Warrant in Writing for 
 EVERY fucb opening, &c. and I am very loth to 
 give Credit to the Sugeftions of fome Men , that 
 This hath been, at any Time, evaded by leaving a 
 blank dormant Warrant at the Office, to be filled up 
 
 at
 
 N 37. fbe CRAFTS MAN. 232 
 
 at the Discretion of the Pojl-majler-generah by the 
 Direction and for the Service of his Principals, as Oc- 
 cafion requires. 
 
 It is, I prefume, on the fame Account, (viz. to pre- 
 vent any Dtfcouragement to Trade, Commerce, and Cor- 
 refpondence] that no Perfon hath yet been, is, or, I 
 hope, ever will be thought proper to be placed at the 
 Head of this Office, who is known or fufpedted to be 
 concerned in any Branch of Trade or Commerce what- 
 foever ; becaufe it would evidently give Him too 
 great an Advantage over the Properties and Dealings 
 of his Fellow-Subjects, 
 
 But to proceed. \&JlayiJh Countries nothing is more 
 common than the Exercife of this Authority, not to fe- 
 cure the Subjects from Danger, but to involve them in 
 it; to make them give Evidence againft Themfelves, 
 and incur Penalties, which they do not deferve. We 
 fhall, in thofe Countries, often find it made ufe of (like 
 AURICULAR CONFESSION) to gratify the Jealoufy, 
 Curiofity or Defigns of a great Man ; by diving into 
 the Secrets of Families, and acquainting himfelf with 
 all their various Circumftances, Inclinations, Senti- 
 ments, Influences and P<iflions; by which Means he 
 knows how to conduct his own Schemes ; for he can 
 judge from hence who are to be brought over to his 
 Intereft, and by what Means ; whether by Money, 
 Flattery, Places or Power ; and can let his Mark on 
 others, whom he finds to be unmanageable. 
 
 A P 'oft -Office-General, thus managed, is a fort oF 
 Microcofm of Intelligence', which contracts the various 
 Sentiments and Opinions of Mankind within its own 
 little Bounds ; and may be compared tp a glafs Bee- 
 hive, through which the owner cm view, at Pleafure, 
 the different Motions, Contrivances and Employments 
 of the little bufy, Colony within. 
 
 How unhappy muft thai People be, who live in a 
 Country, where fuch an Ufe is made of this Autho- 
 rity ! and where an Invention, which was firft deviled 
 U 3 for
 
 2-34 heC RAFTS MAN. N 37^ 
 
 for the Eafe and Convenience of the Subject, is fo ma- 
 nifeftly turn'd to his Injury and Difadvantage ! This 
 is a Circumftance, to which thofe Nations, who for- 
 merly liv'd under Servitude, were not fubjeft ; and 
 is much more grievous than even thofe Crowds of 
 Spies and Informers., which are fo frequently com- 
 plained of, by antient Hiftorians, in the Courts of 
 Tyrants, The Slaves of old were only liable to the 
 Information of fuch Men ; and were in no Danger 
 of having their Packets rifled, and their private Cor- 
 refpondence expofed to the Sight of jealous Princes or 
 revengeful Statefmen ; by which Means an innocent 
 Jeft, an impartial Reprefentation of current News, or 
 an unguarded Expreffion to a Friend may be made a 
 !Mark of Difaffeftion, and the unjuft Caufe of a Man's 
 Ruin ; or at leaft a Bar to all his future Views and 
 Expectations. 
 
 The neareft Refemblance to this Praftice, which we 
 meet with in antient Hiftory, is the Stratagem of a fa- 
 mous Tyrant, whofe wicked Aftions having rendered 
 him jealous of all his People, even of hisownDomef- 
 ticks, Privadoes, and Bofom Favourites, ordered the 
 Rooms of his Palace to be contrived in fuch a Man- 
 ner that all Sounds might be conveyed by Pipes into 
 that Part, where he redded himfelf ; fo that nothing 
 eould be uttered under his royal Roof, tho' in the low- 
 eft Whifpers, which his attentive and fufpicious Ears 
 could not eafily diftinguim. 
 
 D
 
 38. ^CRAFTSMAN. 235 
 
 N 38. Monday, April 17, 1727. 
 
 Hew bard is the Condition of our Sex ? 
 In all the dear, delightful Days of Tuutb, 
 A rigid Father dictates fj our Wills, 
 And (kali out Pleafure with a f canty Hand. 
 To his the Tyrant Husband'/ Reign fuceeds. 
 Proud with Op : nion of fupsrior Re if on, 
 He bills dome/lick Bu/in^fs and Devotion 
 All we are capab e of knowing, and Jhuts us, 
 Like cloyfter'd Idiots, from the World's Acquaintance. 
 
 Row E. 
 
 Y Defign, in this Paper, being to do 
 Juftice to Perfons of all Conditions and 
 of either Sex ; I cannot any longer poft- 
 pone the following Letter from a loyal 
 Female Cor refyon dent, in Defence of the 
 moft amiable Part of the Creation ; ef- 
 pecially, fmce the Arguments, alledged in their Behalf, 
 are very plaufible, if not convincing ; and my fair 
 Readers may depend on it, that I ftill retain too ftrong 
 a Senfe of the Pleafure, which I have formerly taken in 
 their Converfation, to refule them any Favour in my 
 Power ; at leaft fo reafonable a Requeft as is now 
 made to me j for according to the Poet, 
 
 Old as I am, for Ladies Sport unfit, 
 The Power of Beauty I remember yet, 
 Which once infamd my Love, and ftill infpires 
 my Wit.
 
 236 fke CRAFTSMAN. N Q 38. 
 
 SCALES D' A N V E R S, Efo 
 
 Venerable Sir, 
 
 I Have, for a long Time, been a filent Obferver of 
 the infolent Superiority, which your Sex has af- 
 fumed over ours ; and of the many pretended Advan- 
 tages, which they boaft of on their Side. They look 
 upon us, for the moft Part, as trifling Amufements and 
 pretty Playthings to toy away an Hour with ; to di- 
 vert the Spleen ;or (often the Fatigues of ordinary 
 Bufmefs. They allow us at beft to be good domeftick 
 Drudges only, fit to manage the Affairs of a Family; 
 and excufe Themfelves to their fneering Companions, 
 for mating with fuch poor fimple Creatures, by faying 
 with a fupercilious Air, that w e are necejfary Evi!s. 
 In fhort they treat us, as if we were of another Spe- 
 cies, as well as' of another Sex ; and as if there was 
 as much Difference between them and us, as be- 
 tween the rational and irrational Part of the Creation. 
 Nay, fome of the old felf-fufficient Philofophers of 
 your Sex (for I will not allow that there are no 
 Female Philofophers) have carried the Point fo far as 
 to maintain that Women have no Souls-- Poor Wretches ! 
 I laugh -at their Folly, as much as I defpife their Ar- 
 rogance ; and as wife as they might think themfelves, 
 I could eafily expofe the Abfurdity of excluding us 
 from all the Concerns of the Commonwealth. 
 
 Indeed too many, even among us, through Cu- 
 flom, Education and early Impreffions given them in 
 their Childhood, look upon themfelves in the fame 
 Light. They have been bred up in this Opinion ; 
 and being contented, either through Indolence or 
 want of Thought, with the humble Station, which 
 is allotted them, jog on in their low Sphere, with- 
 out any Ambition, and really imagine themfelves an 
 inferior Sort of Eeings to Mankind; pofTeficd with 
 
 meaner
 
 N e 38. $%e CRAFTS MAK. 137 
 
 meaner Capacities and more confin'd Underftand' 
 ings. But I, Sir, having ftridlly examined this Af- 
 fair, am refolved to let you and all the World know 
 (if you dare to publifh this Letter) that we not only 
 have Souls, but Souls as large and comprehenfive, as ^ 
 capable of Improvement and of performing great Ac- ' 
 tioas, as any of you all. 
 
 Were it only the pretty Tupee Sparks and fine Dref- 
 fcrs of the Age, who carefs'd themfelves with this 
 Notion, I mould not think it worth my while to 
 animadvert upon them ; for even the weakeft of our 
 weak Sex (as they delight to call us) is more than 
 a Match for the wifeft of them. We lead them by 
 the Nofe, and make what Dupes and Bubbles of them 
 we pleafe, at the fame Time that they defpife us. 
 But what provokes me thus, is to find that feveral 
 of the beft Writers of your Sex have the fame def- 
 picable Opinion of us ; one of whom fays, that the 
 atmoft of a Woman's Cbarafter is contained in a 
 domeftick Life. I deny This with both my Hands, 
 and will prove it to be falfej but cannot, by the 
 Way, help obferving that, provided it were true, it 
 does not become Gentlemen of fo much Honour and 
 good Nature (as They love to be thought) to be al- 
 ways infulting their Inferiors with Boafts of their Pre- 
 heminence ; and continually mewing their Wit upon 
 us filly Women, who are in all Refpe&s fo much be- 
 neath them. Methinks this conftant Endeavour to 
 detrad from us, looks likea tacit Confeffion that They 
 do not in their Hearts believe there is fo wide a Dif- 
 ference between us, as they pretend. 
 
 You fay, that r in Philofophy, Mathematicks and all 
 Points of abftrufe Learning, the Advantage is mani- 
 feftly on your Side. I grant it ; but it does not fol- 
 low that you have better Capacities than we to attain 
 thefe Arts, provided ours were equally cultivated and 
 improved. We are not brought up to Literature ; 
 and yet fome of us, by our own Application, have 
 
 made
 
 258 tte CRAFTSMAN. N 3$. 
 
 made a confiderable Figure in it; whereas how many 
 of thofe vafl Numbers of your Sex, who are kept 
 feven or eight Years at School, and as many at the 
 Univerfity, and have no Pains nor ExpeiiCe ipared 
 for the Embellifhment of your Minds ; how many 
 of you, I fay, are theie, who, after all This, know 
 nothing farther than the bare Names of fome parti* 
 cular Sciences and the Titles of a few common 
 Books ? 
 
 To upbraid us therefore with your Superiority in 
 Learning is juft as reafonable, as if one oi us fhould 
 pretend to be a greater Genius than Sir Ifaac Newton, 
 becaufe me underftands Lace and Silks better. 
 
 In domejlick Affairs, I think you grant us the 
 Precedence. You allow that we are very good Paftry- 
 Cooks ; that we are perfectly acquainted with the 
 iMechanifm of a Pudding, or the Structure of a Pye } 
 thar we can make Jellies or wbipt Cream, and ma- 
 nage a fet Dinner with great Order and Dexterity. 
 Why even This, as trifling as it may feem, is more 
 than half the Men in England can do. But is This 
 all the Bufmefs of a good female Oeconomift ? No ; 
 how many Women could I mention , who have , 
 by their wife Conduft and domeflick Policy, re- 
 triev'd the diftrefs'd Affairs of their Spendthrift Huf- 
 bands ; fnatch'd them from the very Gates of a Pri- 
 fon ; and refcued them from the laft Extremities of 
 Hunger and Infamy ? Does not This mew fome Wif- 
 dom ? Does it not bear fome Refemblance to redeem- 
 ing the Mifcarriages of a weak Government, and fet- 
 tling the Diforders of a convuls'd State ? 
 
 Yet fuch is the Ingratitude of Mankind ; and fo 
 jealous are you left we fhould come in Competition 
 with jrou for Conduft and good Senfe ; that when- 
 ever any Woman, for the Sake of her Husband and 
 Family, takes upon herfelf the Adminiitration of Af- 
 fairs, me is immediately branded by her Neighbours 
 with the Character of a She-Tyrant ; and the good 
 
 Man
 
 N 38. 'The CRAFTSMAN. 239 
 
 Man is call'd Hen-peek" d ; as if a Woman could not 
 be prudent and difcreet, without being a Termagant 
 and' a Vixon. From hence comes that witty Saying, 
 the grey Mare is the better Herfe ; and th.it oppro- 
 brious Imputation of wearing the Breeches ; which 
 can imply no more than that a wife Woman is ob- 
 liged to fupply the Place of a fjolijh Husband, 
 
 I have hitherto fpoken of Women only in a pri- 
 vate CbaraBer. The principal Objection is to be 
 anfwered ftill ; which is, that they are unequal to 
 publick Bujtnefs, and incapable of managing the great 
 Concerns of Government and War. 
 
 Now, if I had a Mind to be fmart upon the fine 
 Gentlemen of the Town, and railly them upon their 
 Negotiations with our Sex ; I believe I could puzzle 
 tkein a little with fome Queftions, that I could put 
 to them, concerning the Subtlety, Penetration, For- 
 titude and Refolution of fome Dames, whom they 
 have met with. I could ask them whether they 
 think it impoffible for a Woman to be tarn Marte 
 quam Mercuric, (there's Latin for you) and whether 
 they never heard of fome buxome Lafles, who have 
 been lately difcovered in our Armies, after having 
 ferved with the utmoft Gallantry in feveral Cam- 
 paigns ; but left I mould incur the Cenfure, which 
 is generally paflcd upon us Women, of being im- 
 pertinent upon all Occafions, and turning ferious 
 Things into Ridicule, I fh:ill carefully avoid every 
 Thing of that Nature, and maintain a due Diftinc- 
 tion between the Terms of a Tea-Table and the 
 Reafonings of a felid Lucubration. 
 
 I will not infift upon the Exploits of Camilla, 
 
 Tb ale/iris > and divers Amazonian Ladies, whom we 
 
 ead of; becaufe, perhaps, you will rejeft them asfabu- 
 
 )us. Neither will I mention any other Heroines of 
 
 emote Antiquity, however well attefted, either of 
 
 ur own or foreign Countries; becaufe it will be in- 
 
 ronlijtent with the Goncifenefs of a Letter, and I have 
 
 Inihnces
 
 240 <The CRAFTSMAN. N 38 
 
 Inftances nearer at Hand, fufficient for my prefent 
 Purpofe. 
 
 To begin no higher than (^Elizabeth of ever glori- 
 ousMemory ; when was the Bririjb Narne,both in Peace 
 andWar,bothat home and abroad, carried to a greater 
 height than in the Reign of that immortal Princefs ? 
 Did fhe not in Perfon advance againft the invincible Ar- 
 wada, with which fhe was threatened from Spain ; and 
 were not al! Affairs of State conducted with as much 
 found Policy in her Reign as in any we read of either 
 before or fince ; not excepting even our late glorious 
 Treaties and wonderful Negotiations ?-- Do not fay that it 
 was owing to her choice of wife Mimflers ; for That 
 may be equally objected againft any Prince whatfoever. 
 Befides, it is a certain Sign of WiJ'dom to make fuch a 
 wife Choice ', and I will defy you to inftance any weak 
 Prince, who for fo many Years together always had 
 the Happinefs to blunder upon fuch a';le Politicians. 
 
 Perhaps it may be expected that I mould not, in 
 this Place, omit to mention the late Queen ANNE ; in 
 whofe aufpicious Reign the Britijh Arms and Name 
 were carried to fo great an height ; efpecially during 
 the firft nine glorious Years of her Government ; and 
 I cannot help obferving, even concerning the latter 
 pacifitk Part of her Life, notvvithftanding our zealous 
 Party-Difputes about it, that thofe Perj'ons, who had 
 the Conduct of her Counfels or approved of their Mea- 
 fures, feem to have no Reafon, at prefent, to be aflumed 
 either of their Politicks or their Judgment. 
 
 But what will farther inforce this Argument, is the 
 noble Magnanimity and princely Wifdom, with which 
 the present Emprefs of RUSSIA has begun her Reign. 
 She advanced herfelf to that high Station, which fhe 
 adorns, by the fole Merit of her extraordinary Vir- 
 tues ; and we are told, with as much Certainty as 
 fuch Matters can be communicated to us, that the late 
 CZAR, her Husband, had fo great a Veneration for 
 her Judgment, that he confulted her in all his moft 
 
 fecrct
 
 N 38. fbe CRAFTSMAN. 241 
 
 fecret and important Defigns. Indeed the Dexterity 
 and Addrefs, which {he has already difcovered in the. 
 Management of publick Affairs, render it not at all in- 
 credible ; and if fhe fhould maintain the Government 
 of that unwieldly Empire with the fame Tranquillity 
 and Succefs, which Ihe has hitherto done, I fhall not 
 doubt the Truth of what we have been told ; and I 
 hope our Enemies in FRANCE (I mean the Enemies 
 of our Sex) will allow that there is no Occafion for a 
 Salique Law. 
 
 . I mould be ungrateful to my own Country, if 
 I did not, in this Place, take Notice of a PRINCESS, 
 adorned with the unfpotted Virtue of the two frft, and 
 with the great Abilities and Wifdom of them all ; a 
 Prlncefs, who hath diftinguifhed herfelf in a remark- 
 able Manner for the Proteftant Religion, not only as 
 {he is perfectly acquainted with the moft intricate 
 Points of Divinity (which appears by the Papers be- 
 tween the late famous Mr. Leibnitz and the learned 
 Dr. Clarke) but as (Tie alfo refufed one of the greateft 
 Titles of this World, rather than comply with Pcpijb 
 Superftition. I will only add, that Providence has re- 
 warded her in a manner, worthy of fuch a pious Re- 
 folution, by her near Alliance to one of the greateft 
 Monarchies in Europe ; and by having it entailed, in 
 the fulleft Manner, upon her illuftrious Pofterity for 
 ever. 
 
 I hope you will not be fo partial to your own Sex a* 
 to refufe to do Juilice to the whole Body of Woman- 
 kind, by inferting this Letter, from 
 
 S I R, 
 
 Tour conflant Reader^ 
 
 J- N. BRITANNICA. 
 
 K
 
 242- 
 
 C R A F s T M A N. N 3p. 
 
 N 39. Friday y April ai, 1727. 
 
 Exemplo quodcunque malo committitur, ipfi 
 Difplicet Autori. Prima eft b<ec ultio, quod, fe 
 Judice, ##w0 nocens abfolvitur > improba quamvis 
 Gratia fallacis Prcetoris viceret urnam. Juv. 
 
 Abcburch-Lane, April 19. 
 
 7*0 CALEB D'AKVERS, 
 
 Worthy Sir, 
 
 Aving been, for thefe many Years, en- 
 gaged in the Caufe of Mankind, by 
 carrying on a fuccefsful War againft the 
 laft Enemy that is to be deftroyed, I pre- 
 fume you are no Stranger to my Name 
 or Charafter ; and as you feem to have 
 the publick Good equally at Heart, I beg Leave, with 
 great Humility, to make my Application to you in 
 this Manner. 
 
 I do not intend to trouble you, Sir, with an Ac- 
 count of my common Medicines ; or with the num- 
 berlefs Cures, however furprizing, which I have per- 
 formed with them, for feveral Years paft, throughout 
 all Parts of this Kingdom ; for thefe are Points fo ge- 
 nerally known and fo publickly teftified, almofl every 
 Day, in the News-papers, that I mould be inexcufable 
 to my Country, in whofe Service you are fo feafona- 
 bly and zeajoufly engaged, mould I endeavour to de- 
 tain you at prefent, or wafte your precious Moment* 
 with any tedious and unnegeJIary Relations of this Na- 
 ture. 
 
 In
 
 N 3 p. tte CRAFTSMAN. 243 
 
 In public a commoda peccetn, 
 
 Si longo fermone morer tua temper a, Caleb. 
 
 I mall therefore trefpafs on your Patience no longer 
 than while I acquaint you with a wonderful Difcovery 
 and Improvement, which I have lately made in the 
 Art, Myitery, and Practice of Phyfick ; frankly con- 
 feting, at the fame time, that I took the firft Hint of 
 it from the Writings of an inveterate Enemy ; but I 
 hope it will not be thought the lefs valuable or defer- 
 ving the Encouragement of the Publick on that Ac- 
 count ; for, doubtlefs, a Gentleman of your great Pe- 
 netration and Sagacity muft have obferved, that as all 
 publick-fpirited Defigns are conftantly attended with 
 Envy, Clamour, and Ill-will (of which you are your- 
 felf an ever-memorable Inftance) fo a Man of Genius 
 and Capacity can draw Advantages from the Objecli- 
 ons, which are made againft him, and improve the 
 Malice of perfonal Enemies to the Service of the Pub- 
 lick. 
 
 - fas eft & ab Hofte doceri* 
 
 But to come to the Point. You may remember, Sir, 
 that about ten or twelve Years ago, a celebrated Poet, 
 ftill living, thought fit to vent his Spleen againfl me 
 in a fmart little Piece intituled, the WORMS; occa- 
 fioned by the univerfal Fame, even at that Time, of 
 my excellent Powders ; in which having endeavoured, 
 with more Pleafantry than Argument, to prove that 
 all Mankind were only different Species of Reptiles, he 
 has the two following Stanzas, -viz. 
 
 That Statefmen are but Worms is feen 
 
 By all their winding Play. 
 Tbeir Confcience is a Worm within, 
 
 That gnaws them Night and Day.
 
 144 The CRAFTSMAN. N 39. 
 
 Of M re, (fry Skill were well employ d y 
 
 And greater Gain ?vculd rife, 
 Cou?a"ft tbou but make the Statefman void 
 
 The Worm that never dies-. 
 
 Now, Sir, though this vvaggi/h Piece of Wit and 
 Drollery gave me fome " Uneafinefs at that Time r 
 by turning my Medicines into Ridicule, and expofing 
 me to the Derifion of the Town ; yet it ftarted a 
 Thought in my Head, that a Remedy might be pre- 
 pared to bring away this troubleforne never-dying In- 
 feft ; and I have not refled fince, till I had brought 
 .-it to Perfection ; which, at length, with great Ex- 
 pence, Study and Labour, I have accomplifh'd. 
 
 I am willing to take the Poefs Word for it, thst 
 my Skill has been well emphyd', and that fo tifeful 
 a Difcovery will amply recompence all my Pains and 
 Application. For though it is generally believed that 
 few Statefmen are much affli&ed with this terrible In- 
 mate j yet, upon a careful Infpedlion of human Na- 
 ture, I find it to be a vulgar Error ; ond am fully 
 fatisfied that, notwithftanding the outward placid Be- 
 b'aviour *n& fmiliny Afpstl of thefe Men, (which may 
 lie the EfFeft of Habit and Art} their own Minds of- 
 ten put them on the Rack, and torment them with 
 Reflections on the vile Meafures, which they are pur- 
 fuing. 
 
 I cannot therefore, in the leaft, doubt that this 
 Notice will be very agreeable to wicked Politicians 
 and ill dejjgnbig Minifters of all Nations ; who will 
 be glad to hear that a Method is at length found out 
 to filence the Murmurs of a grumbling Confdence, and 
 put a Stop to the Remonftrances of that factious Bo- 
 fotn-malecontent; efpecially in the prefent Scene of Af- 
 fairs ; when feveral dirty Jobs muft be done ; and the 
 moft unwarrantable Meafures feetn neceflary to "be 
 
 taken,
 
 N e 39. The CRAFTSMAN. 245 
 
 taken, by the Difturbers of the publick Tranf>'i/."y t 
 in order to patch up their former bungling Mi/chief* 
 and get rid of thofe Difficulties, in which they have 
 involved all Europe as well as Tbemfelves. 
 
 In fhort, Sir, this matchlefs Invention and No- 
 fir urn wants only to be known, in order to be univer- 
 fal'y encourag'd ; which makes me apply to you for 
 your Approbation ; and, I hope, I need not defpair 
 of it, fince you have been pleafed to recommend the 
 golden Specifick in fo ftrenuous and effectual a Manner ; 
 for though my Brother K i N c is, beyond all doubt, 
 a very able Pra&itioner in his way, and his Specifitk 
 is an excellent Remedy in thofe Diftempers, for. 
 which it is recommended; yet give me Leave to ob- 
 ferve, that as the Malady, which I propofe to cure,, 
 is much more grievous and painful, fo the Medicine*. 
 which removes it, ought to be elleemed the more va- 
 luable j for That, which relieves a Fit of the Spleen- 
 or Vapours, will not give Eafe to the violent Rackings 
 and Corrofions of a vulneratcd Conference- There: 
 cannot be a ftronger Proof of This, than the Confef- 
 lion and Example of Dr. King himfelf ; who hath 
 lately thought fit to apply to me in this Diftemper. ;, 
 and though he has not been under my Care above- " 
 three or four Days, yet he is vifibly on the mending. 
 Hand ; and I hope to make a perfedr. Cure of him in 
 a fhort Time ; for he has already difcovered very 
 hopeful Symptoms of his Recovery ; being in a great 
 Meafure free from that uneafy CompunRion of Mind, 
 and thofe continual xoftuma! Pains, with which he. 
 was heretofore fo grievoufly afflifted. 
 
 As I defign, for the future, to advertife in your 
 Paper, I have fent you a Catalogue of the Cures,, 
 wjiiich I have already compleated with this new- in- 
 vented Remedy, teftified under the Hands of my Pa- 
 tients themfelves, according to Cuflom ; arid defire 
 they may be infertcd in your next Craft/man ; for 
 X 3 which.
 
 CRAFTSMAN; K c 35?- 
 
 which the Bearer will fatisfy your Bookfeller. I hope 
 to fend you feveral more in a fhort Time, and am, 
 
 Worthy Caleb, 
 
 Your conftant Reader, Admirer 
 and Fellow- Labourer, 
 
 j hn M re. 
 
 The Reader may remember that I was under Ap- 
 prehenfions of being peitered with Letters and Adver- 
 tijements from all the Quacks abcut Town, when I 
 publifhed my Recommendation of Dr. KING'S Spe- 
 cif ck; and the Event has exadlly anfwered my Ex- 
 pectations ; for there is fcarcely a Pretender to Phy- 
 Sck in this Metropolis or the Suburbs of it, who has- 
 not applied t3 me, either by himfelf or his Friends, 
 by Word of Mouth or by Letter, direftly or indi- 
 roftly, for the fame Favour. It is almoft incredible 
 what Multitudes of Petitions I have rejected; what 
 preffing Importunities I have withftood ; and what 
 tempting Bribes, of all Kinds, I have refufed, rather 
 
 than contribute, like the late famous Dr. Cb n 
 
 and others, to any Impofitioas on the Publick, by 
 proftituting my Name in venal Cert if cat es and Re- 
 ommendations. But nothing has furprized me fo much 
 as this Letter from Mr. M re ; which contains fuck 
 a fhamelefs Requeft, that nothing could have indu- 
 ced me to print it, but a Defign to expofe it. I hope, 
 for the Sake of Virtue and common Honelly, that 
 this Remedy is only a Creature of the Author's Brain, 
 and the extravagant Rhodomontade of a boafiing, mo- 
 dern Emperick ; but if there mould really prove to be 
 any Truth in this Difcoverj, I think the Ufe of fuch- 
 a pernicious Medicine ought to be prohibited, in a 
 civiliz'd Nation, like (btvH Bullets, liquid Fire, or
 
 N 39. fkc CRAFTSMAN 247 
 
 white Gunpowder in War ; for as Virtue, is commonly 
 Its otun Reward, fo Vice too often efcape s without any 
 other Ptinijbment than That, which the Vicious feel 
 In their own Breafts. 
 
 It is at leift fomc Sati'facYion to an injur'd Nation, 
 to confider that however an exalted Criminal may. 
 profper in his Defigns, he conftantly carries a Tor- 
 mentor about him, and fecretly executes Juftice up- 
 on himfelf; that whatever Sunjhiae he may difcover 
 in his Face ; or however, by conftant Flattery~ and 
 fumptuous Living, he may keep up his Spirit and 
 fupport his Grandeur in publick ; yet when he re- 
 tires into his Clofet, or lays himfelf down on his 
 Pillow, he ftarts at his own Power, and feels the 
 moft exquifite Tortures in reflecting on the Tri- 
 umphs of his Guilt. Hi? Thoughts are difturbed by 
 D-iy and his Sleep by Night. His own DREAMS 
 deftroy his Quiet as much as the VISIONS of others;, 
 and he finds as little folid Comfort in the fincere Re- 
 prefentations of his ttvn Heart as in the fordid Adu* 
 lation of his pretended Friends, or the Well grounded 
 Oppofition of his real Enemies. 
 
 I cannot therefore be fo great an Enemy to the 
 Good of Mankind, as to contribute my Affiftance, 
 in any Manner, towards eradicating a Principle,which 
 is often the only Check upon wicked Men, and the 
 only Punimment of evil Aftions. But if Mr. M re 
 will content himfelf with continuing his Hoftilities 
 as ufual, againft common Diftempers, nobody mall 
 be more ready than myfelf to recommend him to the 
 World, according to his Defert.. Nay, to give him 
 an Inftance of my good Will, I will communicate t 
 him a Projeft, which I apprehend will, in a great 
 Me.;fure, anfwer all the Purpofes of his other Inven- 
 tion, confiftent with publick Good and the Welfare 
 of Mankind. I mean by fubduing another Worm, na- 
 tural to human Minds, called the Worm of Avarice ; 
 which is full as injatiable as the Worm ef Confcience.
 
 %1be CRAFTSMAN. N4a 
 
 If my ingenious Friend can, by any verw'fu^ous Pre- 
 paration, bring away or deftroy this pernicious d- 
 nimalcTile, which commonly fore runs, breeds and 
 cherifhes the other, I will not only promile him all 
 the Affiftance in my Power, but likewife undertake 
 for the Encouragement and Approbation of all ho- 
 neft Men- A. 
 
 N 40* Monday, April 24, 1 727. 
 
 Tros, Tyriufve fuat, milk Difcrimine 
 
 VIRG, 
 
 HO' nothing is more commonly talk'd 
 of and wifh'd for in Converfation, as 
 a defireable Bleffing, than a COALI- 
 TION of Parties, and the Extinction 
 of all thofe mifchievous Denominations, 
 which have fo long kept up our in- 
 teftine Divisions and exafperated one Part of the King- 
 dom againft the other ; yet nothing feems to have 
 been really lefs defign'd, or attempted by Perfons of 
 either Side ; whofe Conduct and Proceedings are liv- 
 ing Contr. diftions to their Words and Profeffions. 
 They are all forward, in their Turns, to lament the 
 unhappy Diitindlions, which prevail amongft us ; and 
 at the fame Time equally contribute their Affiftance to 
 promote and inflame them ; by bringing every Aftion, 
 either of a publick or private Nature, to this Telt, 
 and deciding the Affairs of the World more by Party 
 and Fadlion, than by Truth, Reafon and Equity. 
 
 This Spirit of Animojitj and Divijion is, in a Mari- 
 ner, hereditary and innate ; or, at leaft, like the Paf- 
 fion of Lwe> it is eafily kindled in youthful Minds, 
 
 an?
 
 N 40. %%e CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 and often hurries them into Violence and Excefs. 
 Young Men are naturally furious in their Puriuits ; 
 and having been carefully train'd up in the Belief of 
 one particular Set of Opinions, and in a ftrong Vene- 
 ration for one particular Body of Men, in Oppofition 
 to another, diftinguifh'd by different Names, They 
 think that they cannot adhere to their Denomination 
 with too much Obftinacy ; nor maintain what are 
 called their Principles with too much Zeal and Ve- 
 hemence. The common Prejudices and early Impref- 
 fions of Education, join'd with a Deference to the 
 Judgment of Parents and Inftru&ors, feldom fail to 
 produce thefe Effefls. But this Warmth, like the 
 Paffion before- mentioned, generally wears off with the 
 Advance of Years. We cool by Degrees, as we grow 
 old, in our Affection for empty Names and idle di- 
 Jlinftom ', being taught by Experience that One as 
 well as the Other is all Vanity and Vexation of 
 Spirit. 
 
 There are, indeed, fome Men, who carry both 
 thefe Paflions along with them to the Grave, and dip 
 cover all the Violence of Youth in the Impotence of 
 old Age ; but what a ridiculous and contemptible Fi- 
 gure do They make in either Cafe ? There is, me- 
 thinks, a very near Refemblance between an old doting 
 Partifan and a fuperannuated Lover ; for however 
 excufable or becoming thefe Paffions may be, at pro- 
 per Seafons, in young Men ; fuch a political Bigot- 
 try and fondnefs for Names, without any Meaning, 
 are as unbecoming Wrinkles and grey Hairs, as Fenery 
 and Lewdnefs. 
 
 But left I mould be mifunderftcod, or mifreprefent- 
 ed on this Subject, as endeavouring to write down all 
 Zeal for publick Good, and difcourage all Diiludlion' 
 between the Friends and Enemies of our Country 
 I defign to explain what I mean by a Coalition of Par- 
 ties, and how far I could wifh that all Names or 
 Dijtiuftion were laid afide. 
 
 Every
 
 ajo The CRAFTSMAN. N 40. 
 
 Every Body knows that, for near a Century part, 
 this Kingdom hath been almoft continually agitated 
 with Contentions ; occafion'd by mutual Jealoufies 
 and Uneafinefles between the Prince and the People, 
 for Liberty on one Side, and the Prerogative on the 
 other in which alfo Religion has been not a little 
 concern'd. Thefe Difputes, which have divided the 
 Nation into two great Factions, and brought about 
 feveral wonderful Revolutions in our Government, 
 feem, at prefent, to be in a great Meafure ter- 
 minated by the firm Eitablifhment of the Proteflant 
 Succejjion, againft all Attempts to defeat it ; and by the 
 general Affeftion of the People to his Majeily's Per- 
 fbn. Family and Government. 
 
 NotwIrManding This, the Names of Diftinftion 
 are ftill kept up, when our Differences are fo .gene- 
 rally reconcilM j and we preferve the fame Bitterncfs, 
 Hatred and Animoiity againft one another, whilft we 
 are in the Jame Ir.tereft, and purfue the fame End*. 
 as when we profefied contrary Viezos y and took Mea 
 fures diametrically oppojite. 
 
 If you ask a WT? ; ? for his Opinion of a Tory, he'll 
 tell you, in general, that he is a Jacobite or a Papifl ; 
 a Friend to arbitrary Government, and againft the 
 Liberties of the People both in Church and State. 
 
 Take the Character of a Whig, in like Manner, 
 from a Tory, and you will hear him defcrib'd to be 
 a Man of Republican Principles ; a Presbyterian ; and 
 a fworn Enemy to the Church of Englanl, and the 
 regal Prerogative ', nay, it will be well for him, if 
 he is not fet forth as a downright Atheift, or Liber- 
 tine, and an Enemy to all Government whatsoever. 
 
 But will either a Whig or a Tory, if you put the fame 
 QueiKons feparately to them, acknowlege thefe Charac- 
 ters to be juft ; or adopt fuch Principles as their own ? 
 No i there is not, I believe, one in an hundred of 
 either Party, who would not deny them in the moft 
 folemn Manner ; and exclaim very loudly againft fuch, 
 
 uncha-
 
 N 40. The CRAFTSMAK. 
 
 uncharitable Treatment ; the juft Inference from 
 which is, that as every Man muft be fuppofed to wiih. 
 for his own Happinefs, and confequently for the Wel- 
 fare of his Country ; fo no Man of common Senfe, 
 who hath the leaft Knowledge of the Conftitution of 
 this Nation, can poffibly efpoufe fucb Principles ; and 
 therefore it is very unjuft to charge any Perfon with 
 maintaining Tenets, which he folemnly denies ; and 
 which, being inconfiftent with his own Intereft, he 
 cannot reafonably be fuppofed to maintain. 
 
 It muil be confeffed, indeed, that there are ftill 
 fome Perfons, who, either from the unhappy Tenden- 
 cy of their Religion, from old inveterate Prejudices, 
 or an unaccountable Way of thinking, are fo far E- 
 nemies to themfelves, as to wifh for the Subversion 
 of this Government in Favour of a Pop Jh Pretender, 
 and arbitrary Power ; but Thefe, it is to be hoped, are 
 fo inconliderable for their Numbers, and more fo for 
 their Riches and Strength, that their Principles ought 
 not to be extended to the whole Body, or even to 
 the major Part of the Tories, though they have gene- 
 rally pafled, in our party Contefts, under that De- 
 nomination. 
 
 What therefore is to be wifh'd, in our prelent Cir- 
 cumftances, is that all Perfons, however diflinguifh'd 
 by party Appellations, who are truly in the Intereft of 
 the prefent Government, and defire the Continuance 
 of it, would confolidate themfelves into a Body, and 
 unite in Meafures againft the common Enemies of their 
 Country, whether foreign or domejlick ; that they 
 would forget all their former unreafonable Animofuies ; 
 and whilft they are equally exerting their Endeavours 
 to accomplim the fune End, viz- the Happinefs of 
 their Country, "that they would not quarrel with one 
 another about any Differences in Judgment concern- 
 ing the Means. 
 
 Let the true Sons of the Church, and efpecially the 
 Clergy, lay afidc all unneceilary Fears or Apprehenfi-
 
 The CRAFTS MAN. K4O. 
 
 ons of its Danger ; and content thernfelves with thofe 
 Rights, Immunities and Powers, with which the Law 
 hath inverted them, without endeavouring to ftretch 
 them any farther. Let the Proteftant Dijftnter ac- 
 quiefce under that Toleration and thofe Privileges, with 
 which the Legiflature hath thought fit to indulge 
 him. Let the Wh.g enjoy his Liberty and Property 
 in its fulleft Latitude, without reproaching the Tory 
 as an Enemy to both j and let the Tory, in his Turn, 
 drop all his Bitternefs and Malevolence againfl the 
 Whig, as difaftedled to Monarchy and Religion ', or 
 rather let the very Names of Whig and Tory be for 
 ever buried in Oblivion ; and let there be, for the 
 future, no other Diftinftion known amongft us, but 
 of " Tbofe, (as our late glorious Deliverer exprefs'd it) 
 < who are for the Proteftant Religion and the pre- 
 " fent Eftablijhment ; and of Thofe, who mean a 
 ** Popijh Prince and a French Government. " 
 
 I would not be underftood, by fuch a Coalition, to 
 mean a fordid Compliance, at all Times, with the 
 Meafures of a Court or the Demands of great Men* 
 for as Minifters often have private, felfifh Views, fepa- 
 rate from the Intereft of their Prince, as well as their 
 Country, it is the Duty of every loyal Subjedt and 
 honeil Briton to oppofe and ufe all his Endeavours to 
 defeat them. Cicero very juftly obferves, that fuch a 
 mean Subferviency is rather a Con/piracy than a Coa- 
 lition- Si omnia facienda funt, qu<s Amici velint, 
 non Amicitiae tales, Jed Conjurztionesputandtefunt. 
 
 Neither do I efteem the Conjunction of a few LEA- 
 DING MEN on both Sides, for vena! and corrupt Ends f 
 to be properly a Coalition of Parties ; or fuch an Uni- 
 on as is definable in any Nation ; for, at this Rate, 
 Catiline and his Affociates might have fandified their 
 Con/piracy with the Name of a Coalition, becaufe 
 there were wicked Men of all Parties engaged in that 
 Defign ; but we know in what Light their deteflablc 
 Tranfa&ions were look'd upon by the honeil Part of 
 
 the
 
 N 40. The CRAFTSMAN. 253 
 
 the Roman People ; and indeed all Combinations, of this 
 kind, in any Nation, ought to be rejected and abhor- 
 red by the united Body of both Parties ; becaufe both 
 Parties are equally dcfirted and betrayed by fuch Com- 
 binations. 
 
 In fine, by a Coalition I mean the cordial Union and 
 Co-operation of Perfons of all Denominations in the true 
 Intereil and Service of their Country, without any 
 Attachment to vain Names ; which can ferve only ta 
 keep alive our eeftru&ive Animofities and promote 
 the finifter Views of ambitious Men, at the Expence 
 of our private Happinefs and the publick Good. As 
 This is the only Coalition, which can either be defired 
 or juftified, fo 1 hope my Countrymen will no longer 
 fufter themfelves to be impofed on by artful Dema- 
 gogues and ill defigning Patrons of Faftion ; efpecially 
 iince Experience has, I think, fufficiently taught them 
 the Mif chief and Folly of fuch Conduct. Inftead of 
 dividing ourfelves into oppofite Parties, and branding 
 one another with odious Diftinflions, let us chearful- 
 ly concur in the common Caufe, and make the Inte 
 reft of Great-Britain the only Rule of all our Aftions. 
 Let us not, for the future, run blind-fold into any 
 Propofals, however romantick and unreafonable, be. 
 caufe they are ofFered by one Set of Men ; rior madly 
 fhut our Ears to any Objections, however juft and 
 well-grounded, becaufe they are ftarted by another. 
 This will be the fureft and only Method of reftoring 
 Peace and Commerce ; of reviving our drooping Ma- 
 mifatlures ; of leflbning our Debts, and reducing our 
 Taxes ; at the fame Time that it will moft effectually 
 fecure us from foreign Vialence and protect us againft 
 domeftick Corruption. Z>. 
 
 Friday,
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N 41. 
 
 N4i. Friday, Jpril 28, 1717. 
 
 Quale Portentum neque militarls 
 Daunia in latis alit tefculetis ', 
 Nee Jubae Tel/us generat, Leonum 
 
 Arida Nutrix. Hor. 
 
 Otwhhftandirg the notorious Infidelity 
 and Liber tiniim of the Age, in which 
 we live, with regard to all forts of Pro- 
 digies, Portents and Omens, I am not 
 afharaed to acknowledge fome Belief in 
 fuch extraordinary Appearances, when 
 they are confirmed by fubfequent, extraordinary E- 
 vents ; which I think cannot be entirely rejected, un- 
 lefs we difcredit the concurrent Teftimonies of the 
 beft Hiftorians, antient and modern, facred and pro- 
 phane ; particularly Livy, Clarendon and Ecbard. I 
 fhall not dwell on thofe wonderful Apparitions, fo ge- 
 nerally known, which preceded the Aflafiination of 
 Julius C&far and the great Duke of Buckingham ; but 
 haften to the Point in view, by making fome Obfer- 
 vations on thofe equally-furprizing Omens, which 
 happen'd, as it were but yeflerday, amongft ourfelves. 
 Indeed the laft Year may be juftly eflecmed a Tear 
 of Wonder 5* not inferior to any recorded in Hiftory ; 
 whether we confider it either with relation to thofe 
 uncommon, preter-natural Effects, which have raifed 
 the Aftonifhment and Curiofity of the Publick ; or 
 to thofe extraordinary Events, that have fucceedcd 
 them ; the latter of which, in my Opinion, ought to 
 be looked on as the Completions or Accompliihments 
 
 of
 
 41. %*be CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 of what the former were defigned to be Types, Notices 
 and Predictions. 
 
 It would be endlefs to enumerate all thofe ftupen- 
 dous Prodigies, mifhapen Monfters, ftrange Sights and 
 unheard-of Wonders, which have been htely exhibi- 
 ted to our Eyes- Not to mention the wild human 
 Youth brought forth by an old Oak, in a defart, un- 
 inhabited Foreft abroad ; or the young Lyons whelp'd, 
 in fo uncommon a manner, at home ; we have feen 
 black Swans, white Bears, fix-legged Cows, Men 
 with two Heads, flying Horfes, fpeaking Dogs ? and 
 dancing Elephants in abundance ; which would have 
 employed all the Attention of antient Oracles to ex- 
 plain. Channel-Row was never fo plentifully Hocked, 
 as it hath been for the laft Summer and Winter, with 
 portentous Rarities of all kinds ; which at the fame 
 time that they ferve to amufe the vulgar and igno- 
 rant, excite the Curiofity of learned Men, and pre- 
 pare their Minds for Events, fuitable to fuch ominous 
 Prognoftications. 
 
 I mail confine myfelf, at prefent, to only three of 
 the moft amazing Phenomena, which have lately 
 appear'd amongft us, viz. the famous Rabbit-Bree- 
 der of Godalmin in Surrey ; the prodigious tbree- 
 led Eagle, which was taken alive this Spring in the 
 Weald of Kent ; and the wenderful Young-man, who 
 was deliver'd, but t'other Day, of a chopping Girl 
 in Fetter-lane. 
 
 As thefe feveral Appearances are equally preter- 
 natural and aftonifhing with any that we read of in the 
 Hiltory of antient or modern Times; fo it would be 
 the moft inexcufeable Negligence in a publick-fpirited 
 Writer to let them pafs without any Comment or 
 Examination at a Time, when we are furprized, on 
 every Side, with the moft unexpected Occurrences 
 and Events ; to which thcfe Phenomena fem to bear 
 fo manifeft a Relation. 
 
 Y 2 For
 
 256 
 
 k Tbe CRAFTSMAN. N 41, 
 
 For this Reafon, tho' I do not pretend to any great 
 Depth in Augury, Arufpicj and Oracular Learning, I 
 cannot fuffer myfelf to be entirely filent on a Subjeft 
 of fuch Confequence to this Kingdom ; and I hope 
 xrhat any Ignorance or want of proper Abilities, which. 
 I may difcover on this Occafion, will be thought at 
 leait more excufeable than the fhameful Silence and Ne- 
 gleft of others, who are better qualified for fuch a Task. 
 I know the World is, at prefent, generally preju- 
 diced againil the poor Woman of Godalmin > and look 
 upon the reputed Rabbit birth zs a common Cheat, 
 [Forgery and Impofture ; which can be imputed only to 
 the InconfiUcncy of fome Relatiofis, that have been 
 jnade of this Affair, and the prevailing Infidelity, before- 
 .raention'd, with regard to Prodigies of all Kinds. But 
 I have always profeffed and fliall conftantly pay fuch a 
 Deference to learned Men, of all Profeffions, in their 
 iefpe&ive Employments, and efpecially to the Faculty 
 of Pbyjick, that I could never be induced to join in 
 the common Cry, by detracting from the Credit of 
 this Story, and prefuming to be wifer than Men of the 
 greateft Experience, molt profound Judgment and un- 
 q-ueftionable Integrity, who were fo deeply concerned 
 jn this Affair; and, having made thefe Studies the Bu- 
 finefs of their Lives, muft be fuppofed better acquainted 
 with them than any other Perfons. 
 
 Tho' I have myfelf fuffer'd a great Deal of Slander 
 and Ridicule, in common with thefe skilful Adepts and 
 Operators, for my Credulity in this Matter ; yet I 
 found myfelf, every Day, more and more confirm'd 
 in the Belief of it, by what has fence happen d among ft 
 as ; of which I take that furprizing Occurrence to be 
 a remarkable Prefage ; and 1 think no body can doubt 
 it any longer, after the full Difcbarge of Mrs. Tofts 
 from her Confinement, and all future Enquiry about 
 it ; which I am confident me would not have obtain'd, 
 if there had been any reafonable Grounds to form a 
 Prosecution againft Her, 
 
 The
 
 N 41. fhe CRAFTSMAN. 257 
 
 The Truth therefore of this wonderful Conception 
 and Delivery being thus eftablifh'd, as I think, beyond 
 all Difpute ; it remains to be confidered what Event 
 fuch an anomalous Production can be fuppofed to prog- 
 nofticate or point out to us ; but This is a Subjeft of 
 fo tender a Nature, that it is not yet a proper Seafon 
 to enlarge upon it any farther. I muft therefore leave 
 it, at prefent, to the Conjectures of every difcerning 
 Reader ; not in the leaft doubting that Time and a 
 little Patience will explain it, in the fulleft Manner, 
 to the molt common Apprehenfions. 
 
 I mail therefore beg Leave to pafs on to the fecond 
 ftrangeand portentous Phenomenon, which I have juft 
 mention'd and propofed to confider ; namely, the 
 monftrous great Eagle with three Legs, which was la- 
 tely caught by a Kenti/h Shepherd, whilft He was 
 committing the moft terrible Ravages on the young 
 Lambs, under his Care, in Romney-MarJb. This 
 Omen, I think, may be eafily underftood, explained 
 and applyed by any Perfon, who hath the leaft Know- 
 ledge in Emblems and Hieroglypbicks ; for an Eagle 
 being the known Symbol of Empire, as a Lamb is of 
 the Britijh Woollen Manufacture ; it cannot be doubt- 
 ed that, by this wonderful triple- leg 'd Bird of Prey , 
 ought to be underftood the late Confederacy of Three 
 very formidable Potentates, ( viz. the Emperor, the 
 Czarina and the King of Spain] in order to fupprefs 
 our Manufactures, and deprive us of our Trade and 
 Commerce. It is farther obvious to infer (and I ob- 
 ferve it with the greateft Pleafure) that as this lordly - 
 feather'd Tyrant and ravenous Invader of Property 
 was timely furprized in his Depredations, by the Vi- 
 gilance and Courage of a careful Shepherd ; fo thofe 
 ambitious, ungrateful and daring Monarchs will be 
 ihortly obliged to delift from their exorbitant Demands 
 and unwarrantable Ufurpations, by the unfhaken Re- 
 folutions and moft incorruptible Integrity of a Britijb 
 Adminijlration. 
 
 Y 3 We
 
 238 &he CRAFTSMAN. N 41. 
 
 We may explain the other heterogeneous Production 
 in almoft the fame political Manner; for the Circum- 
 ftance of a young Man's being got with Child and 
 a&inlly brought to Bed of a Daughter is fo contrary 
 to all the ordinary Laws of Nature, and fuch a total 
 Inverfion of the Properties of his Sex, that it feems 
 to bear no fmall Refemblance to that * unaccountable 
 Conjunction, which, according to a late excellent Wri- 
 ter, vi as out of the Road of all Policy and of which 
 
 he found it fo difficult to give any reafonable Solu- 
 tion. 
 
 I know that fome Perfons have endeavour'd to ex- 
 plain this Phenomenon, by applying it to the late 
 Tranf mutation of Sexes at our Mafquerades and other 
 polite Affemblies ; but I chufe rather to adhere to the 
 farmer Expojition as more appofite and more moment- 
 ous ; or at leaft to apply it to the latter, only in a re- 
 mole and fecondary Senfe. 
 
 It may indeed be objefted to both thefe Interpreta- 
 tion^ that the Type is preceded by the Anti-type ; and 
 that the Symbol or Thing Jignifying comes after the 
 T'ti.n'g Jignified J which, we are told, by a late Wri- 
 Itr, often happens in Prophecies and typical Applicati- 
 ons. But I mall kave this Point to be controverted 
 by our modern religious Difputants ; it being of no 
 importance in the prefent Cafe, which relates to 
 political Matters, as it cannot deilroy that Analogy or 
 Refemblance between two or more extraordinary E- 
 vents ; which is all that I defign or defire to prove in 
 this Paper. 
 
 I cannot conclude without obferving that as our E- 
 nemies have entered into a moft unaccountable Csnjun- 
 ftion> cut of the Road of all Policy (to which our late 
 Prodigies and Portents bear fo near a Relation) and 
 fome Prottftant Princes have thought fit to join in a 
 
 * Vide the JE^riy, Sec, Page 5, and 83. 
 
 * popift?
 
 N 42. VToe CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 * popijb Plot againft the Liberties of Europe, fo it no 
 lefs wonderfully, and as it were, providentially falls 
 out, that a very powerful Popijb Prince finds himfelf 
 inclin'd ( as no doubt it is his Intereji ) to unite cor- 
 dially with us, and enter into a Proteftant League, to 
 defeat fuch Defigns, and curb the Ambition of thefe 
 Popijh Confederates* 
 
 At the fame Time, it muft be confeffed that This 
 is a Scene of Wonder and Aftonifhment, for which we 
 ought to be very thankful to Providence ; fince this 
 Infatuation of our Enemies, in concerting a Treaty 
 fo contrary to their own Intereft, is, perhaps, the on- 
 ly Thing, which could have eflablifhed fo firm a 
 League, Union and Friendjbip between Us and fome 
 of our prejent Allies. />. 
 
 N 42- Monday , May I, 1727. 
 
 tnutato Nomine, de T E 
 
 Fabula narratur, Hor. 
 
 HO' there is commonly a Mixture of 
 good and ill Qualities in the Compofi- 
 tion of every human Character, and 
 hardly any Man is either perfectly good 
 or compleatly bad ; yet if we judge 
 of Mankind by the Characters, which 
 they bear, either living or dead, we mall generally 
 find them to be all Angels or all Devils ; made up of 
 
 * Vide the Enquiry, Page 7 p.
 
 260 <Tbe CRAFTSMAN. N 42. 
 
 pure Virtue without any Allay of Vice ; or compofed 
 of all Vice, without the leaft Tincture of Virtue or 
 Morality. 
 
 This prevailing Partiality is fometimes owing to 
 the Weight of thofe Virtues or Vices, which predo- 
 minate in every Man's Character, and fwallow up his 
 oppofite Qualities ; fometimes to the Prevalence of 
 Factions and the Force of Flattery and Defamation, 
 according as they are refpedtively apply'd. 
 
 No Man of Antiquity is handed down to us in a 
 more amiable Light than Marcus Tidlius Cicero, the 
 famous Roman Orator ; and perhaps no Man's Cha- 
 racter, in general, better deferves the Applaufe and 
 Imitation of the prefent Age or Poiierity j yet forr.e 
 Perfons, by viewing only one Side of it, have worked 
 themfelves into a kind of Enthufiafm for his Name ; 
 and having heard fo much of his Oratory and Zeal 
 againft Catiline, will not fuffer themfelves to believe 
 that fuch a Man could have any Failings, Defects, or 
 Infirmities ; though it is manifeft, even from his own 
 Writings, that he was exceffively vain of himfelf ; 
 efpecially of his Poetry, which was execrable Stuff 
 and perhaps he might have feveral other Frailties, 
 which are now buried in his more diftinguifhed Vir- 
 tues and Abilities. 
 
 I do not defign to enter into the Merits of the 
 Quarrel between Saluft and Cicero ; nor to juftify the 
 fevere Things, which are charged upon the latter in 
 the following Declamation ; but as his Character hath 
 been much hackney'd about of late ; and forae Per- 
 fons, both witbin and without Doors, have been very 
 bufy in making Comparifons and Allufions to it, 1 
 thought it might not be an improper Time to at- 
 tempt the following little Piece in Englijb, for the 
 Ufe of thofe Gentlemen, in their future Parallels and 
 ^plications. 
 
 5 A I U S
 
 N 42. :Tke CRAFTSMAN. 2.61 
 
 SALUSTvyuA CICERO. 
 
 A 
 
 DECLAMATION. 
 
 I Would fubmit, however reluclantly, to all 
 thy falfe Accufations, O ! Marcus Tullius, pro- 
 vided I were fatisfy'd that this abufive Language 
 proceeded rather from ill Judgment than a diftem- 
 pet'd Mind. But fince I obferve that you have 
 fin ken off" all manner of Temper and Mode fly, I 
 will make you fome Reply ; Ib that if you have 
 received any Plenfure from fpeaking ill of others, 
 you may now lofe it, by hearing evil of your felf. 
 But where mall I appeal ? To whom, Fathers, mall 
 I make my Complaint, that the Common-wealth, 
 is torn in Pieces, and become the Prey of every 
 audacious Traytor ? Shall I apply to the Roman 
 People ; who are fo far funk in Corruption, that 
 they are ready to fell themfelves and their Families 
 to the beft Bidder ? Or mail I call upon you, Fa- 
 thers', whofe Authority is become the Scorn and 
 Derifion even of the moft infamous and abandon 'd 
 Part of Mankind ? Whiltt Marcus TulUus takes up- 
 on himfelf to defend the Laws and Decrees of the 
 Roman People, and lords it in fuch a Manner, as if 
 he were the only remaining Branch of the moft 
 ilkiftrious Family of Scipio Africanus and not, 
 what in reality he is, an Interloper, an Upftart, an 
 emancipated Slave, a profcritfd Criminal, and but 
 lately admitted a Citizen of Rome. But is there 
 any Man, who is unacquainted with your Words 
 or Adlions ? Have you not liv'd, even from your 
 Childhood, in fuch a Manner, that you never 
 thought it fcandalous to fubmit your Body to the 
 Luft and Pleafure of others ? Did not vou learn
 
 262 The CRAFTSMAN. N 42. 
 
 " even that Immoderate Eloquence of Marcus Pi fa, at 
 " the Expence of your Modefty ? And therefore it is 
 " not to be wonder 1 J at, if you fordidly make a Pcn- 
 ny of That, which you obtain'd in fo infamous a 
 " Manner. 
 
 " As to the Houfe, in which you live, you got 
 " Poiieffion of it by Violence and Rapine ; for which 
 " Vengeance will one Day overtake you and your 
 c< Family. By This you put us in Mind how much 
 ' the Common-wealth is changed from what it was ; 
 when fuch an infamous Wretch as you dwell in 
 that Houfe, which was once the Habitation of P. 
 CraJJus, a Man of Ccnfular Dignity ; yet notwith- 
 ftanding all This, Cicero tells us that he hath been 
 admitted into the Council of the immortal Gods ; 
 that he was difpatch'd from thence to this City, to 
 be the Guardian of his Fellow-fubje&s ; and yet, 
 without taking upon himfelf the Name of an Exe- 
 cutioner, places his greaterl Glory in the Calamities 
 of his Country ; as if indeed your Confuljbip was 
 not the true Caufe of that Confpiracy ; and there- 
 fore the Common-wealth was overturn'd at that 
 Time, when it had You for its Proteflor. But, I 
 have Reafon to believe that you are more exalted 
 with thofe notable Feats, which you performed, af- 
 ter your ConJu/Jbip, in concert with your Wife Te- 
 rerttia, for the Safety of the Common-wealth ; 
 when you pilt the Penalties of the Plautian Law in 
 Execution at Home Some of the Confpirators 
 you condemn'd to Death ; and punilhed others fe- 
 verely in their Pockets. At this Time, One of 
 them was at the Expence of building you a fplen- 
 did Villa, at Tufiulum ; An tber at Pompeij ; and 
 a Third bought you a fine Houfe in Town ; but 
 He, that had n thing to give, was in a fair way to 
 be bang '4', for that Man was certainly juft coming 
 ** to befet your Houfe ; or engaged in a Plot againft 
 ' the Senate ; of which you never wanted the ful- 
 
 " leil
 
 N 41. Fbt CRAFTSMAN. 263 
 
 " left Evidence to convift him. If thefe Accufations 
 *' are falfe, give us fairly an Account, what paternal 
 *' Eftate you had left you. Let us know what you 
 " hive made by Haranguing and Speech-making ; with 
 ' what Money you bought your Houfe, and defray 'd 
 " the immenfe Coft of building the two Villa be- 
 ' fore-mention'd. Or, if you are filent on thefe 
 Heads, who can any longer doubt that you have 
 extorted your Wealth out of the Blood and Bowels 
 of your Fellow-citizens ? But, I prefume, this new 
 Man of Arpinum, defcended from the Family of 
 Caius Marius, in Imitation of his Virtues, defpi- 
 " fes the Envy of the Nobility ; beftows all his Care 
 * on the Welfare of the People ; and is not to be 
 ' moved either by Flattery or Threatning* Is then 
 " Cicero really poflefled of thefe Virtues ? No ; he 
 is a vain, jhuffling, inconjfant Wretcb ', humble to 
 his Enemies ; infolent to his Friends ; fometimes of 
 one Party, and fometimes of another i faithful to 
 neither ; a wavering, unfteady Senator ; a merce- 
 nary Patron ; no part of whdfe Body is free from 
 Guilt and Turpitude ; being compofed of a vaiit 
 'tongue j moil rapaciouj Hands ; a gluttonous, in- 
 fatiable Appetite ; and cowardly, run-away Feet ; 
 not to infift on thofe lthy and moft abominable 
 Parts, which common Decency will not allow me 
 even to mention. Yet this Man, as bad as I have 
 defcrib'd him, has the Confidence to tell us in a 
 " wretched Diftich, 
 
 Fortune foretun'd the dying Notes of Rome, 
 Till I, thy Conful/e&, confoFd thy Doom. 
 
 ft Was Rome then happy under your Confab/hip ? 
 " No ; moft unfortunate and miferable, in fuffering the 
 " moft cruel, and unrelenting Banilhment of her Ci- 
 " tizens } whilft you, having thrown the Common- 
 '* wealth in difoxder and put all good Men in a Con- 
 
 " fterna-
 
 2.64 57?^ CRAFTSMAN. N 41. 
 
 iternation, obliged them to truckle to your Tyranny'* 
 whilil all Decrees and all Laws were at your difpofaJ ; 
 and whilft you, by taking away the Porcian Law, 
 and feizing on our Liberty, eftablifhed yourfelf, 
 Jingly, in the full Power of Life and Death over all 
 your Fellow-fubjedts. 
 
 " Nor is it enough, that you have done all This with 
 Impunity ; but you infult us by recalling it to our 
 Memory ; nor will you fuffer us to forget our Bon- 
 dage. Go on then, Cicero, I befeech you, and 
 compleat your Defign. Is it not enough that we 
 have endured all This ; but will you ftill grate our 
 Ears with the moft odious Repetitions of it ? Will 
 you never ceafe to torment us with thofe naufeous 
 and moft oftenfive Lines, 
 
 Let Arms give place to tie pacifck Gown, 
 And Eloquence put on the Laurel Crown. 
 
 " As if you had performed thofe Atchievements, 
 which you boaft of, in a Gown, and not in Armour ; 
 or, as if there were any other Difference, befides 
 the Name of Diftator, between Sylla and you. But 
 why mould I give any more Proofs of your Arro- 
 gance ? The Man, whom Minerva condefcended 
 to inftruft in all her Arts, and whom Jupiter vouch- 
 fafed to admit into the Privy-Counfel of the Gods, 
 was but lately recalled /rom Banifhment, and 
 brought into Rome upon Men's Shoulders. I beg 
 of you, O Romulus of Arpinum ! who have ex- 
 celled, with your egregious Virtues, all the Pauli, 
 Fabii and Scipio's, to let us know what Rank in the 
 City you at length claim ? In the Intereft of what 
 Party you are pleafed to be at prefent ? Who are 
 your Friends, and who are your Enemies ? bu 
 are now become the abjedt Tool of Him, whom you 
 once accufed of being engaged in a Confpiracy. 
 On what Account did you follow Him, fmce your 
 
 "Re-
 
 N 42- 5T&0 CRAFTS MAN. 165 
 
 " Return from your Exile in Dyrracbium ? You now 
 ' abet the Power and Grandeur of Tkofe, whom you 
 called Tyrants ; and, on the contrary, call Tbofe ' 
 Madmen, actuated by nothing but Fury and Refent- 
 ment, whom you formerly efteem'd the btft Men 
 and wortbieft Patriots in the City. You ple:.d the 
 Caufe of Vatinius. You have an ill Opinion of 
 Scxtius ; and purfue Eibulus with the moll oppro- 
 bious Language. You commend Cafar ; and ara 
 now the mod obfequious to Tbofe t whom formerly 
 you moft mortally bated. You are of one Opinion 
 when in Power ; and another when out of Power ; 
 and always change your Principles with your Sta- 
 tion. You calumniate this Set of Men, and hate 
 That, by turns. In fhort, you are a fhurHing Turn- 
 coat ', and no Faith hath been found in you, either 
 *' by one Side or the other. A, 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 This is to give Notice, 
 
 To all Noblemen with large Families and fmall 
 EJlates, decayed Gentlemen, Gamefters, and other 's, that, 
 in the great School in Weftminiler, Beys are thoroughly 
 inflrutted in all Parts of tifeful Learning. The /aid 
 School is furnijbed with a MASTER, and one USHER,. 
 who does all the Bujinefs himfelf, and keeps his Scho- 
 lars infucb order, that the MASTER never attends but 
 upon fame great Occafion. This School is of a more 
 excellent Foundation than any that were ever yet known ; 
 for the Scholars, injtead of paying for their Learning,, 
 are rewarded for every Lejfon the USHER gives them ? 
 provided they are perfe6l in it, and have it ready of 
 their Fingers Ends. 
 
 N. B. This is no Free School. 
 
 Z,
 
 a66 
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N 43. 
 
 N 43. Friday, May 5, 1727. 
 
 prodigus JEris. 
 
 Hor. 
 
 CALEB D'A N V E R S, Efq; 
 
 H E Mind of Man being naturally fub- 
 jel to Pride, Vanity and Ambition, it 
 makes us all eager in the Purfuit of 
 Honours, Titles and Diftinftions of 
 Preheminence, either in Drefs or Ap- 
 pellation. For this Reafoa a Mono- 
 Syllable prefixed to a Man's chriftian Name ; a Medal 
 hung about his Neck ; or a Piece of colour'd Ribband 
 -erofs his Shoulders, are efteemed of great Value ; 
 and by fome Perfons preferred even to Riches or Pow- 
 er ; and, however trifling fuch Ornaments, Badges or , 
 Titles may feem in the Eyes of a morofe Cynick, or 
 ;an abftracted Philofopher ; yet, when juftly beftowed, 
 they are certainly very ufeful, expedient and neceflary 
 for the Encouragement of Virtue, Patriotifm, Forti- 
 tude and Merit of all kinds. But as there are diffe- 
 rent Paffions, Appetites and Inclinations peculiar to 
 almoft every Nation ; fo I have obferved that the Ge- 
 nerality of true-born Englijbmen are remarkably fond 
 f the Title of E s QJJ IRE; which, beyond all other 
 honourable Appellations, feems peculiarly adapted to 
 the prevailing Humour and Genius of this Kingdom. 
 for tho' a ftmple Efquire, conlidered as a Point of 
 Heraldry or Precedence, is but one Remove above the 
 " a common Gentleman; yet I have known 
 
 ievc-
 
 N 43. &be CRAFTSMAN. 16? 
 
 feveral Perfons decline Titles of much higher Rank 
 and Diftinftion, rather than fuffer themfelves to be 
 dif-efauired '> and others, who have fubmitted to it, 
 with great Reluftance, and after much Importunity, in 
 order to carry on fome private End, or to gratify a dif- 
 ferent Species of Ambition. Nay, fome Mea have 
 difcovered fuch a Paffion for this Dignity, that they 
 have retained the Spirit of it, long after they h;.vc 
 parted with the Name j from whence it comes to 
 pafs, that ''Squire- Knights, 'Squire Lcrds and 'Squire- 
 Dukes are no Rarities in this Country. 
 
 There is, indeed, fomething grand, noble and cap- 
 tivating in the very Name and Sound of Efqi/ire ', 
 which is a popular Appellation, and carries along with 
 it an Idea of Liberality and Munificence ; infomuch 
 that a Man, who makes his Friend welcome at home, 
 or entertains him abroad, is proverbially call'd the 
 * Squire of the Company. 
 
 I cannot pretend, after all my Refearches, fully to 
 afcertain the Origin and Foundation of this laying ; 
 but I prefume it might take its Rife from thofe antient 
 Times of Hofpitality, when it was the Fafhion for 
 Gentlemen of plentiful Fortunes to live chiefly in 
 the Country ; to keep open Houfe ; and fpend the fu- 
 perfluous Part of their Eltates in Beef, Pudding and 
 ftrong Beer, for the Entertainment of Tenants, Neigh- 
 bours and Travellers ; which is now indeed more po- 
 litely beftow'd upon Operas, Mafquerades and Bailet- 
 tables ; upon coilly fine Cloaths ; luxurious living ; 
 and the extravagant Diverfions of the Town. 
 
 As this Method of Life was generally follow 'd and 
 kept up by that Order of Men, who were dignify'd 
 with the Denomination of Efquires ; (Knights, Baro- 
 nets and Peers, of all Degrees, not being half fo common 
 in thofe Times, as they are at prefent) it naturally pro- 
 cured them the Love of their Neighbourhood, and 
 endear'd their Order to all the inferiour Part of their 
 Fellow-fubjefts. 
 
 Z 2 But
 
 n68 The CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 Bat as the belt Things in the World are fubjeft to 
 Abufe, and all Men are fond of Popularity and Prebe- 
 minence in their different Stations ; fo the redit of 
 this Dignity h.;s produced, in Procefs of Time, a 
 Multitude of undcferving Pretenders to it ; who have 
 prollituted the Honour of Efiuirefffip in a nioft fhafne- 
 ful and fcandalous Manner, to the great Grief of Thole, 
 who juftly daim and worthily bear that ancient Ap- 
 pellation. 
 
 To fay the Truth, Mr, Z)' 'drivers, we feem to have 
 tivilized our felves too far, and carried our Good-breed* 
 ing to an unwarrantable Excefs, by confounding all 
 'Degrees of Perfons and breaking through the moft ef- 
 fential Rules of Heraldry ; for as all the Women in 
 Town are now grown Ladies and Madams', not ex- 
 cepting even the loweft Scullion-maids, Oyfterwomen 
 and Cinder- wenches ; fo every rakifh young Fellow, 
 as foon as he has clapt on a Spit by his Side and pick'd 
 up a parcel of fcoundrel, Tpangmg Companions, im- 
 mediately fets up for an Ejfasirt, and faucily ranks 
 himfelf amongft us. 
 
 It mult be confefs'd indeed that ours is a military 
 Order ; for which Reafon we are call'd in Latin Armi- 
 geri ', but though, for want of a fumptuary Law, eve- 
 ry Man is allow'd to wear a Sword, who will be at the 
 Kxpence of it, and to live in what Manner he pleafes j 
 there ought certainly to be fome other Qualification re- 
 quired of every one, who dubs himfelf with this Ti- 
 tle, befides a j'pgndtbrift Difpofition and a paltry Piece 
 of cold Iron. 
 
 'Methinks, therefore, it would be a Task well- worthy 
 of our laborious Friend and Brother John Anftis, Ef- 
 quire, that Mirror of our Order, to take this Affair 
 into Conlideration, and refcue his Fraternity from the 
 Contempt, into which it hath lately fallen, by the In- 
 croachments of worthlefs Upftarts and wretched Pre- 
 tenders.
 
 N 43. *The CRAFTSMAN. 269 
 
 I heartily wifli to fee this Matter well regulited ; 
 becaufe, as Things ftand at prefent, thofe Men, gene- 
 rally fpeaking, take upon themfelves this Character, 
 who have no Title to it, nor any Thing to fuppcrt it ; 
 whilft feveral others, who have both, live in a Man- 
 ner, which does not become Men of fuch illuftrious 
 Diflinction. 
 
 How many pretty Fellows and fine Gentlemen do 
 we every D.iy fee in this Town, who waile their Sub- 
 ftance in the moil riotous, diflblute and extravagant 
 Manner, out of the vain Affectation of Popularity 
 and the Pride of being at the Hetd of their Company, 
 which, for this Reafon, is generally compofed of low, 
 vulgar Sycophants, who repay their Patrons with this 
 favourite Title and a daily Tribute of Flattery and. 
 Adulation ? 
 
 Nay, this vain Humour is not confined even to fuch: 
 Men ; but h?.th mixed itfelf with the common Mafs, 
 and corrupted even the lovveft of the People. We 
 have Efquire-Lacqueys, Coders and Tinkers in Abun- 
 dance j nor is it any uncommon Thing to fee a jolly, 
 roaring Sailor, who hath been fweltering two or three 
 Years in the Weft-Indies, or freezing perhaps as many 
 in the Baltick, where he has gone through all manner 
 of Hardfhips, Dangers and Fatigues, fpending the 
 whole Fruit of his Labour upon a fordid Crew of dir- 
 ty, drunken Parafites ; and at length returning with 
 empty Pockets to the fame Drudgery ; fully fatisfy'd 
 in his Mind with the Applaufe, which he had recei- 
 ved, and the good Character he hath left behind him. 
 
 As we have an Order of Men diftinguifhed by the 
 Title of Knights of the Induftryi fo I think Thofe, 
 of whom I have been (peaking, may properly be de- 
 nominated Efquires of Extravagance or Prodigality. 
 This kind of Vanity is of very fatal and mifchievous 
 Confequence in private Perfons ; but in political Mat- 
 ters nothing is more dangerous as well as abfurd ; npr 
 an I pofiibly pi&ure any Thing in my own Imagina- 
 Z tiou
 
 *The CRAFTSMAN. N 43. 
 
 tion more ominous to this Kingdom, than a /a//V 
 Min'fter, who being poffeffed with fuch a Spirit, 
 fhould at any Time, hereafter, endeavour to gratify 
 his own Pride and vain Glory, by making Great-Bri- 
 tain the SQUIRE of Ckriftenditn, and lavifhly paying 
 the Reckoning of all Europe- 
 
 A. I am, S i R, &c. 
 
 ROBERT BRITON, /?; 
 
 To CALEB D' A N v E R s, Efq\. 
 
 I Have already troubled you with a Project for pre- 
 venting CORRUPTION, by fixing a Knot of Rib- 
 bands under the left Ear of all Perfons, who fhall be 
 known to be guilty of that infamous Practice ; and 
 was forry to find that it fhould give Offence to any 
 cfyour Readers. I now fend you another Propofal 
 of the fame Nature j which, if you are not difcou- 
 yaged by the ill Fate of my firft Attempt, I defire you 
 likewife to publifh. 
 
 I do not pretend, Sir, to claim the Merit of this 
 fecond Expedient myfelf ; but acknowledge that the 
 Publick is obliged for it to the Author of a late Pam- 
 phlet, called An HONEST SHEME, ckc. (which Ti- 
 tle it feems, on many Accounts, to deferve) where They 
 will find the following Paflage Page 29. 
 
 <c I wifh we had the Roman Cuftom> of giv- 
 * ing to { very Law the Name of the Man, who was 
 the firft Advifer and Promoter of it. Such a Cuf- 
 * torn would encourage Patriots to propofe and pro- 
 '* mote gooa Laws t and would deter felfijh and defign- 
 * ing Miffrpm propofing bad ones. 
 
 I cannot hei.p thinking that this Method would be 
 very ferviceable to the Common- wealth, and have a 
 good Effeft in the Propofal of fuch Laws as the Riot-
 
 N 43. ZToe CRAFTSMAN. 
 
 AR ; the Septennial- AS ; the South Sea- AS ; the 
 Black- Aft ; the Quarentine- Aft ; the Swearing- AS ; 
 the C'ffee-AS', me Pot- AS ; and feveral others of 
 the like fort. At the fame time our Patriots would 
 be diftinguifhed to Pofterity by the Laws they pro- 
 
 pofed ; and I mould not doubt to fee the W- Han, 
 
 Horatian, T- gian, and Sc plan Laws make 
 
 as great a Figure in our Hiftories, as the Par dan, Ju- 
 lian, Fannian and Sempronian Laws of old. 
 
 I fubmit This to your Judgment, and am once 
 more, SIR,. 
 
 Tour Humble Servant, 
 
 N. JOHN ENGLTSH. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 To be published by SUBSCRIPTION,- 
 
 A new Difcovery in the Art ^/"NAVIGATION* 
 foe-wing how a Ship of 800 Tons, or fej/er Burtben r 
 may fail from the Weft Indies to Europe, and confe- 
 quently to any Part of the World, without Anchors, 
 Cables, Shrowds, or Sails ; tvbereby thofe expensive* 
 and unnecejf/iry Articles will be faved to the Nation. 
 
 Dedicated to tbe London and Royal- Exchange Ih- 
 furance Offices. 
 
 Subfcriptions are taken in by the Authors, at the 
 Sign of the wife Men of Gotham, near a grttt 
 Pair of Gates in Broad-Street, London.
 
 272 The CRAFTSMAN* N 44. 
 
 N 44. Monday, May 8, 1717. 
 
 -tolluntur /?/ altumv 
 
 Ut lapfu graviore ruant. 
 
 HAVE already had Occafion more 
 :han once to mention VILLARS, the 
 rirft great Duke of B"ckinghim, that ab- 
 olute I^inifter and Favourite of King 
 James and King i'.h<irlcs the Firft ; 
 who was fuch an amazing Comet of 
 Fame, Power, Fortune and Honour, as hath not been 
 fince feen in our Hemifphere ; and, it is to be hoped, 
 will never be feen again ! But I was induced, for many 
 Reafons, to promife my Readers fume farther Account 
 of the Rife. Character and Conduft of that extraordi- 
 nary great Man ; and I think no Time can be more pro- 
 per to do it, than the prefent 
 
 I mall not fay much of his Birth and Extraction, 
 which was rather oblcure than illuftrious, if compared 
 to that vaft Height of Power, to which he afterwards 
 rofe ; being only the younger Son of a private Coun- 
 try Gentleman, though of an antient Family. But 
 being endowed, by Nature, with a very graceful Per- 
 fon and brought up, by the fingular Fondnefs of his 
 Mother, in a manner, which naturally led him to 
 Court, He foon drew upon himfelf the Eyes of a 
 Prince, -who, of all wife Men living, it feems, was the 
 mofl delighted and taken with handfome Perfons and 
 with fine Cloaths. 
 
 He had not been many Days there before he was 
 made Cup-bearer to the King j which was the firit Port 
 
 he
 
 N 44. %*he CRAFTSMAN. 273 
 
 he enjoy'd, and the firft lucky Step to all his future 
 Grandeur ; fence -y This He was, of, courfe, obliged to 
 be much in tbe Royal PreJ'ence > and fo admitted to that 
 Converfation an I Difcourfe, with which that Prince 
 always abo-'ndtd at bis Meals. 
 
 " He mfted very few Weeks (is my Lord Claren- 
 " d^n informs us) upon this SMge, when he mounted 
 higher ; and being knighted, without any other 
 Qualifications, He was at the fame time made Gen- 
 tleman of the Bed chamber and Knight of the Order 
 of the Garter ; and, in a fliort Time, (very fhort 
 for fuch a prodigious A/cent) He was made a Baron* 
 a Vifcount, an Earl* a Marquefs, and became Lord 
 High Admiral of England, Lord Warden of the 
 Cinque -Ports, Mafter of the Hor r e, and entirely dif- 
 pofed of all the Graces of the King, in conferring 
 all the Honours and all the Offices of three King- 
 doms without a Rival ; in difpenfing whereof, He 
 was guided more by the Rules of Appetite, than of 
 Judgment', and fo exalted almoft ALL of his own 
 numerous family and Dependants ; whofe greateit 
 Merit was their Alliance to him ; which equally 
 offended the ancient Nobility and the People of all 
 Conditions ; who faw the Flowers of the Crown 
 every Day fading and withered ; whilft the De- 
 meafnes and the Revenue thereof were facrificed to 
 the enriching a private Family, ( how well foever 
 originally extracted) fcarce ever heard of before to 
 the Nation ; and the Expences of the Court fo vaft 
 and unlimited, that they had a fad Profpcdl of that 
 Poverty and Neceffity, which afterwards befel the 
 Crown, almoft to the Ruin of it. 
 Being thus advanced to the higheft Pinacle of For- 
 tune, and confequently furrounded with a Crowd of 
 abjeft Flatterers and Sycophants ; fome of whom (and 
 particularly no lefs a Man than Sir Edward Coke) blaf- 
 phemoufly called him, our Saviour. He began to 
 (hew himfelf in his proper Colours ; fo that from, 
 
 ' the
 
 CRAFTSMAN. N 44, 
 
 the whole Series and Spirit of his Conduct, we may 
 eafily trace his juft Character. 
 
 He was a Man of fuch immoderate and infolent 
 Ambition, that not content with all the Power He 
 enjoy'd, and all the Favours, Titles and benefdal Em- 
 ployments, which were heap'd, in fo extravagant a 
 Manner, on Himfelf, his Relations, and Dependants ; 
 He could not bear to fee any of his Fellovv-fubjefts 
 (though of the beft Families, the greatejl Abilities, 
 or the moft tinbhrniflfd Fidelity in the Kingdom) to 
 partake with him in the King's Favour in any Degree j. 
 or to diftinguifh themfelves in any Affair of Truji, 
 Honour or Profit. This invariable, engroffing Spirit 
 and Impatience to fee any Man gain Reputation or 
 make his Fortune, befides himfelf, render'd him jea- 
 lous of the Earl of Eriftol ; who was, at that Time, 
 AmbaiTador extraordinary at the Court of Spain, and 
 had in a Manner concluded the Treaty of Marriage 
 with the Infanta, for which he was fent thither; for 
 as the King's Heart was very much fet on this 
 Match, and Buckingham apprehended that the Suc- 
 cefsful Management of it would redound too much 
 to the Honour of that Ambaffador, he refolved to 
 difappoint him by carrying the Prince in Perfon into 
 Spain; in which he found it no hard Matter to per- 
 fuade him, being naturally fond of Adventures ; tho' 
 there was fome Difficulty in obtaining the King's 
 Confent ; but he had now got fuch an abfolute Af- 
 cendency over Him, that he foon removed all Objecti- 
 ons ; and tho' he fet out incog, yet he appeared there 
 with a fplendid Retinue, and put the Nation to a vail 
 Expence. 
 
 As the fole Motive to this mad, unadvifed Jour- 
 ney (for which any Man ought to have loft his Head) 
 was private Envy to the Earl of Briftol ; fo Buck- 
 ingham was no fooner arrived there with the Prince, 
 than the fame infolent Spirit and exorbitant Ambition 
 engaged him in a perfonal Quarrel, not only with 
 
 the-
 
 N 44. The CRAFTSMAN. 275 
 
 the Awbaffador, but allb with the Duke of Olivarez, 
 the prime Mlnifter of Spain ; which he was refolvcd 
 to revenge on both of them, by returning into Eng- 
 land, and breaking off the Match. 
 
 Accordingly, he came back with the Prince, not 
 without great Difficulty and Hazard ; and having got 
 a Parliament call'd, engag'd them, by falfe Reprefen- 
 tations, and other unwarrantable Influences to dif- 
 fuade the King from continuing the Treaty of Mar- 
 riage, and immediately to declare War againft Spain. 
 
 My Lord Clarendon tells us that, " He engag'd 
 " his old unwilling Mafter and the Kingdom in this 
 " War (not to mention the bold Journey to Spain* 
 " or the Breach of that Match) in a Time, when 
 " the Crown was poor, and the People more inclin'd 
 to a bold Enquiry how it came to be fa, than duti- 
 ful to provide for its Supply ', and This only upon 
 perfonal Animosities between Him and the Duke 
 of Olivarez, the fole Favourite of that Court ; 
 and thofe Animofities from very trivial Provo- 
 cations* " 
 
 At the fame Time, Cranfield Earl of Middlefex, 
 Lord High Treafurer of England (who was one of 
 Buckingham's Creatures, and nearly allied to him by 
 Marriage) fell under his Grace's Difpleafure, for ha- 
 ving neglefted to fupply him with fufficient Sums of 
 Money, during his Abfence in Spain ', and even pre- 
 fuming to difpute his Commands and appeal to the 
 King, whofe Ear he had now gained j and thought 
 himfelf fo firmly eftablim'din his good Opinion, that 
 he mould not any longer {land in need of the Fa- 
 vourite*s Support. But the Duke, upon his Return, 
 being apprized of This, and find'ng the Parliament 
 difpofed to his Mind, was refolved to crufh this bold 
 Rival, and thereby deter others from prefuming to 
 interfere with him in his Majefly's Eiteem. 
 
 For this Purpofe, he prevailed on fome leading 
 .Men in the Houfe of Commons to carry up an 1m-
 
 <?he CRAFTSMAN. N 44. 
 
 peacbment of high Crimes and Mif demeanors againft 
 him to the Houfe of Lords ; which they undertook 
 with great Readinefs, and went thro' with unufual 
 Vigour. 
 
 However juft or feafomble this Profecut : on might 
 be, yet it was generally thought very impoiitick for 
 a Man, in his Station or Circumftances, to fet it on 
 Foot ; and the King himfelf was fo averfe to it, both 
 on Account of the great Affeftion. which he bore to 
 the Earl, and alfo of the bad Confequences, which he 
 apprehended from fuch a Precedent, that finding the 
 Duke pofitive in this Matter, he told him, in a Paf- 
 fion, " By G d, Stenny, you are a Fool', and will 
 Ihortly repent this tolly, and will find that, in 
 this Fit of Popularity, you are making a Rod, with 
 which you will be fcourged yourfelf ; and turning, 
 in fome Anger, to the Prince, told him, that he 
 would live to have his Belly full of Parliament Im- 
 peachments. 
 
 But exceffive Arrogance and Impatience of Emulati- 
 on, which often overcome the moil felf-interefted 
 Prudence and political Forefight, had fo much got the 
 better of him, that he paid no Regard to thefe whole- 
 fome Admonitions, even from the Mouth of his in- 
 dulgent Prince ; whofe Povver in both Houfes proved 
 fo much inferiour to the Duke's, that the Earl, who 
 was thought, at that Time, to have made a good De- 
 fence, was at laft fentenced in an heavy Fine ', a long 
 Imprifonment ; and rendered for ever afterwards inca- 
 pable of fitting in the Houfe of Peers. 
 
 Tho' the Kings Affection was, in a great Meafure, 
 alienated from the Duke, on all thefe Accounts ; and 
 it was generally believed that he had recall'd the Earl 
 of Briftol to get rid of his imperious Adminijlration ; 
 yet " He was prevail'd on, by that arbitrary Minion, 
 ' to reftrain the Earl upon his firft Arrival, without 
 ** permitting him to come into_his Prefence.". 
 
 Not-
 
 $J 3 44. Tkt CRAFTSMAN. 277 
 
 Notwithfhnding all This, the King was certainly- 
 grown weary of fuch an inf,lent Favourite ; and was 
 relblved either to difmifs him totally from his Service, 
 or to retrench his unlimited Power ; at leaft, this 
 Opinion prevailed fo much, thit it induced feveral 
 great Men, in both Houfes, to withdraw their former 
 abfelute DcpendaKce on him, 
 
 But the King's fudden Death (which, it was thought, 
 happened very opportunely for him) and Prince Charless 
 Succeffion to the Throne procured him, as it were, a 
 new Leafe of Power, and re inflated him in his former 
 Grandeur ; for tho' the Prince could not have iatire- 
 ly forgot his fanner Infolence and perfenal Indignities 
 to him ; yet the Duke, by the Journey into Spain, 
 which was very grateful to the Prince, and his great 
 Power in his Fathers Court, had found many Oppor^ 
 t unities of extenuating or excuiing that Part of his 
 Conduct ; which he did fo effectually, " that he 
 continued in the fame Degree of Favour at the 
 lead with the Sen, xvhich He enjoy'd fo many Years 
 
 under the Father. All Preferments in Church 
 
 and Stats were given by him ; all his Kindred and 
 Friends promoted to the Degree in Honour, Riches 
 or Ojfi.ee, that he thought fit ; and all his Enemies 
 and Envyers difcountenanced, as he appointed." 
 But tho' he had thus firmly re-eftablifhed himfelf 
 in his Maker's Favour and Confidence ; yet he did not 
 long retain his Credit with the Parliament and Peo- 
 ple ; for the fame over-bearing, impetuous Temper, 
 which had hurried him, in the former Reign, into a 
 War with Spain, upon a mere per final Affront, made 
 him, in This, run as violently into a War with 
 France ; without any other Provocation,- than a Di- 
 appointment in an Amour ; which involved him in fe- 
 vcral fatal Difficulties, from which he could never ex- 
 tric-.te himfelf. 
 
 For thefe two Wars, thus unwarrantably entered 
 
 upon, and the Defeats, which attended them, railed 
 
 A a age-
 
 CRAFTS MA K. N44, 
 
 a general Confternation in the People ; and cotifion'ci 
 general Clamours, Mutinies and Animofnies againit 
 the Author of them. Votes and Retnonftrarues pafled 
 :Kiinft him, in Parliament, as an Enemy to b'u Coii-i- 
 fry ; the Corrttpter of the King and Betrayer of the 
 Liberties of the People. In fliort, all Mouths were 
 open'd againft him, and he feem'd to be, oace more, 
 Jiaftening to his Dcibruftion. 
 
 But, in the midil of this univerfal Indignation, a 
 bold, obicure Ruffian, inftigatcd by a falfe enthufialti- 
 cal Zeal for his Country, ftabb'd him to the Heart in 
 a publick AfTembly ; and in all probability fnatch'd 
 him from a more ignominious Fate, which afterwards 
 befel the Earl of Stafford and others, who were en- 
 gaged in the fame kind/.of Meafures ; and from which 
 the King's Authority was not able to protecl them. 
 
 Thus fell this great Man, who, as my Lord Cla- 
 rendon affures us, " h*d by long P raft ice obt.un'd a 
 '" quick Conception and Apprehenfioa of Bufineis ; 
 " and had the Habit of f peaking very gracefully and 
 " pertinently. He was, befides, of a moft f owing 
 
 * Co'irtefy and Affability to all Men, who made any 
 Vi Addrcfs to him ; and ib defirous to o'Jige them, 
 ' that he did not enough confider the Value of the 
 
 * Qoligation or the Mr// of the Pcrfon he chofe 
 " to oblige ; from which much of his Misfortune re- 
 "*' fulted. Nay we are farther told, that it was ne- 
 *' ver known that the Temptation of Money fwavtd 
 *' him to an unjtift or unkind Thing." I mention 
 This, becaufe it feems fomcwhat extraordinary in a 
 MMI of his Ch:rnfter. 
 
 I muil trefpais on my Reader fo far as add, by way 
 oi Corollary to this Paper, a little Fable out of Os- 
 farne's Works ; which I thmk not impertinent to the 
 prefent Occafion. He tells us, ' that wife Gunda- 
 44 m'ar being urged, by King James, to relate the 
 " intrirtfick Cauie of the Duke of Lerma's Dcclenii- 
 ff *o$, from the molt potent Favourite his Catholic!: 
 
 " Majefly
 
 N 44. 'The CRAFTSMAN. 179 
 
 ' Majefty ever raifed, to a Condition fo deplorable, 
 * as little if any thing was left, befuks a Cardinal's 
 " Cap, able to (hroud his Head from the Infults of 
 ' the Popuhce j He made him this metaphorical Pa- 
 * rable. 
 
 " Two RATS, faid he, having tempted their For- 
 * tune in purfuit of Livelihood and Honour, fell upon 
 " an Baft of no lefs Receipt, than Plenty of Provi- 
 " fions ; where, fnr many Tears, they li-rfd in the 
 " great eft Senfuality tbeir Wills and Wifoes could 
 ** prompt tbem to defire //'// overcome fy an ambiti~- 
 " ous Tbirft of advancing, together with Themfelves,, 
 " all that could pretend to tbeir Alliance or Friendfhip, 
 '* fo much Spoil was committed, as did, alarm the 
 *' whole Family, and they becoming thus numerous, 
 " bad Traps and Poifon laid for tbtm in every 
 " Place. C />.
 
 T H E 
 
 INDEX 
 
 A. 
 .7-013 "'''-' 
 
 A Bales j in all Profeifions, page 13 particular!'.* 
 M Pbtfet, il-iS. 
 
 Aia. t erny (of Mtjifk) a Propofal to make it ufeful to 
 the State, 140 Its Treafurc excellently managed 
 
 by Mr. Kiptin,-i4.2. 
 
 Addrejjes ; the Loyalty of them, 169 from Tafnrf, 
 .'.'</.-"- from Lynn- Regis, 170 from Shrewsbury, 
 ib. 'from Hertfordshire, 224. 
 
 Atytrines ; by whit kept in Peace with England, 217 
 
 AHiance (Hanover} an Eulogium 6f it, 17^. 
 
 Alvarez ; his Prefent to the Craft [man, 92. 
 
 Amburjl (Mr.) taken up, on Saipiciori of writing thft 
 
 Crnftfman, JO2. 
 
 Anne (Qaeen) the Glory of her Reign, 240. 
 Anti-Knnttifli; whit, 225. 
 iftbtrts ; how deftroy'd, 175* " 
 dvari:e (the Worm of ) 247. * 
 
 A a 5,
 
 The INDEX. 
 
 Auguftu! (Ctsfar) ftrains the Lex Majfjtatii to the 
 Pnniftimeuj of Libels, 19 his Conduct in that 
 . Jv'nttcr condcmn'd, Ibid. How he pav'd his Wjy 
 to the Empire, 126. 
 
 B. 
 
 BAccn fSir Francis) his Advice to Sir George Vil- 
 lars , Duke of Buckingham r how to behave Him- 
 Jelf" in Power, 51 Concerning the Church and the 
 Bijhops, 52 Concerning the Law and the Judges, 
 
 ibid Concerning Parliaments, 53. Concerning 
 
 Minifters, //.Concerning AmbaJJadors^ib.- Con- 
 cerning War, 54 Concerning his ; Behaviour 60 
 the King and Prince, 55. 
 
 (/bops ', for what Qualities They ought to be pre- 
 fer r'd, 52 The Charader of a feditious German. 
 Billiop, 1 70. 
 
 Bribery, the Mifchiefs of it, 123 defended, 189 
 A Project to prevent it, 225. 
 
 Srifol (Eari of) the Duke of Buckingham grows jea- 
 loits of Him, 274. 
 
 JB'ritannifa ; her Letter to the Craftfman in Defence 
 of her Sex, 236. 
 
 ttrittinniaii ; h;s Letter tq.Mr. D*Anvers, concerning 
 thtpttbHck Debts, 68 A fecond Letter upon the 
 fame- Subject, 85. 
 
 Briton (Will.) his Letter to Mr. D'Anven, cori> 
 cerning our Colonies in the Weft-Indies, 146. 
 
 Briton- (Robert) his Letter to Mr. D*4nvers, con* 
 cerning Efquires, 266. 
 
 Buckingham (Villars, Duke of) Sir Francis Bacon's 
 Advice to Him, 51 an abfolute Prime Minifler, 
 133 An Account of his Rife, Conduct and Death,- 
 272. 
 
 Buckingham (Sbejpeli, Duke of ) his Letter to Dr. 
 Til 1<* [on i in J unification of Himfclf, P*gt 154, 
 
 Bur-
 
 The I N D .X. 
 
 (Bimop) condemns Himfelf fo,- meddling ia 
 State Affairs, 171. 
 
 c: 
 
 C^/;/r (Gracchus) his CHarader, 139 his Me- 
 thod of fubduing his Paffion, ibid. 
 Camilick; his firft, Yifion, 92. 
 Carlos (Don) the Author of the Enquiry's dreadful 
 
 Apprehenfions of that young Prince^ 84 A. Con- 
 dolatory Epiftle to Him, 145. 
 Caroline (Queen), her Wifdom and. Piety, 241. 
 Carthage J how deftroy'd, 175. 
 Catherine (of Medicis] her Conduft, ib. 
 Catbolicon (Atireum Baft lif urn) fome Account of it, 
 
 1 6 Mr. D'Anrers's Defence, of Himfelf for re? 
 
 commending it, 34. 
 Charles (the Firft, King of England), fome Account 
 
 of the Parties in his Reign, 99. 
 Charles (the Second, King of England) fome Account 
 
 of his Reign, 150 his Alliance with France con-: 
 
 demn'd, 151. 
 
 Chart a (Magna) a Vifion of it, 92. 
 Church ; how fill'd with worthy Perfons,.ii7. 
 Churchmen, ought not to meddle with temporal Af T 
 
 fairs, I7i. 
 Cicero (the famous Roman Orator) fome Account of 
 
 him, 260 Salujt's Declamation againft Him, 261 
 Civicus ', his Letter to Mr. D' * Anvers, concerning the 
 
 Eaft-India Company and Mr. Eccleftone, 62. 
 Clarendon '(Earl of) his Remark on corrupt Judges, 
 
 64 his Character of Weft on, Earl of Port land +. 
 
 \ 36 his fudden Acqtiifitions made an Article of 
 
 Impeachment againft him, 144 His Account of 
 
 Villars, Duke of Buckingham, 273- 
 Clifford (Lor d-Treafurer) his Character, 151 his 
 
 Conduft condcmn'd, //;</. ihuts up the Excht- 
 
 qwr,. 153.. 
 
 Clotin
 
 The I N D E X. 
 
 (and Cicero ', a Pamphlet fo called) feme Re- 
 marks upon it, i 88. 
 
 Coalition (of Parties] what ; and how to be defired, 
 248- 
 
 Coknles (Weft-India) an Account of their Condition, 
 146 Their Importance, /fr?.-"- A farther Account 
 of their Condition, 179. 
 
 C,r:>>Mies (Trading) fee Eaft-lttdia. 
 
 Ctnftictui (the Worm of) Mr. M- **-is Pfopofal to 
 bring it away, 244- 
 
 Controversy ; a new Method of it, 107. 
 
 Corruptions fa all Profeliions, 1 3 " particularly 
 
 in Pbyfick, it id. defended, 188 -a Pro- 
 
 jecl to prevent it, 224 another Projedt to 
 prevent it, 270- the Mifchiefs of it, 123. 
 
 Court ; the Reafonablenefs and Profltablenefs of con- 
 forming to it, 182. 
 
 Cr.iftfmart ; the t)efign of that Paper, i , sV. why. 
 fo call'd, 5 Some farther ^ccouht of its Befign, 
 104. 
 
 Cftinfield ('Eart of ffifitthftx) falls under" the JDif- 
 pleafure of the Duke of Buckingham, 275 
 
 Creatures (Court) their abject Condition and Behavi- 
 our defcrlb'd, id3. 
 
 Credit (pubtick) feme Otfervations upon it, in Ah- 
 fwer to the London Journal, 85: 
 
 Cremujibi Ctrdus ; accus'd of Libelling, 22 His 
 Speech in the Senate, ibid. 
 
 Crcejtn ; his Advice to Cyrus, 175. 
 
 Cyrus ; feme Account of his Conduft, 1 74. 
 
 D 
 
 (Cnhb) fome Account of Him and hi? 
 Defign, 1 , iff .''.-"and of Robin, his Ceackman, 
 mifveprefented in a Paper call'd the Coxxtry 
 
 Gtntlematt,
 
 Tie INDEX. 
 
 Gentleman, ibid. The Faculty of Phyfiek exafpera- 
 
 *ed again/I Him, 34 His Defence, ibid. hath no 
 
 Defign againft the prefent Minifters, 45 defends 
 
 Himfelf againfl the Charge of Irony and Innuendo;, 
 
 103 Some farther Account of his Defign, 104 
 
 His Refolution, 1 06 defends the Migiftry againft 
 
 the Charge of neglecting Men of Merit and Letirn- 
 
 g> * i 5 His Declaration to his Correfpondents, 
 
 145 A Complaint againft his foreign Stewards and 
 
 tiemeftick Servants, 146 Some farther Account of 
 
 his Defign, 150 A political Pbyjician, 159 An 
 
 Account of his Family, and of their Conduct, 166 
 
 Reproaches upon him anfwer'd, Hid, Hij Re- 
 
 flections upon Mr. Palm's Memorial, 168 A far- 
 
 ther Complaint againft his Servants, 1 78 Said not 
 
 to be the Author of the Craftfman, 180 The 
 
 Succefs of his Writings, and the contemptible Ar- 
 
 guments of his Adverfaries, 183 Shews the Peo- 
 
 ple's Apprehenfions about Gibraltar to be ground* 
 
 lefs, zoo .His Obfervations on Mr. M* - ^s 
 
 new Worm-Powder, 246 His Remarks on the 
 Prodigies of the Year 1727 254. 
 
 Debts (public^) the Defign of a certain EJ/ay upon 
 them, 68 Some Remarks upon it, ibid. > 
 
 Deciphering (the Art of) its Perfection, 230. 
 
 Defefiion (eonfider'd, a Pamphlet fo call'd) fome Ex- 
 tracts from it, 192 Several Anfwers to it quoted, 
 206. 
 
 Defpair ; the good Effects of it, 161. 
 
 De Wit ; his Fate, 1 3 2 his plain Manner of Living, 
 156. 
 
 Dullnefs ; a Method of acquiring it, 91. 
 
 E 
 
 Kajt- 
 
 E. 
 
 - 
 
 Agle (tbm-kg'd) an Account of it, ' 2-57. 
 
 Ear-Knots } the ufe of them, 225. 
 t- India (Company) a Fraud, faid to. be difcover'd 
 
 at
 
 fto INDEX. 
 
 3t O;T,C of their S.^les, 26 Proceedings uyon. it in 
 their General Court, zi. Farther Remarks upon it, 
 62 Some Queries offer 'd, concerning tlie Manage- 
 ment of the Company, 65 The Pride, Grandeur 
 a.nd Riches of their Gorerws, 67 Some Account 
 of their Screeti-Mafter General, and his Conduct, 
 
 75- 
 
 EfdeJloM ( Mr- ) charg'd with a fraud \\\ 2, Sale of 
 Eajl- India Goods, 27 Some Account of that 
 Affa'r, and of the Proceedings upon it, ik Some 
 farther Remarks upon it, 62. 
 
 Elizabeth (Queen) fome Account of the Conduft of 
 herReigu, 52 Her Wifdom farther exemplifj 'd; 
 240. 
 
 how to be chofen, 53. . 
 
 > their Viciffitudes and Revolutions, 96- 
 (John) his Propofal for preventing C&rrup- 
 tiw, 224 .His fccond Proposal. 270. 
 
 Enquiry (into the Rzxjns of the ConduS of Great- 
 Britain), written in Imitation of Don ^uixott and 
 Gullivtfs fyagej, 79--.Some Obfcrvatioris Upoa -l(r t 
 ibid. The Autb9r\ Scheme for paling oar Debts 
 by rutifling farther in Debt, 84^ His Apprehenfi- 
 ons upon Account of Den Ctrltsi ibid.'-' -Some Re- 
 marks on his Afleftion, that Satire is efljiff than 
 Praife t 102 Contradicted by Pliny, Hid. 
 
 Efquire; Englijhmn remarkably fend of that Title, 
 266 An ElTay upon it, ibid. 
 
 Efay (upon the publitk Dtbti) the Defign of that 
 Book, 68 -Some Remarks upon it, ibid. 
 
 Exchequer', (hut up, 153. 
 
 F. 
 
 FEtter-Lane > a young Man brought to Bed of a- 
 Girl t\Mtxe,Fage 255. 
 
 France ; why an Alliance with that Kingdom is ut- 
 natttfal to England, 1 1 1 King Cbarlts the Sf- 
 
 cond'i
 
 ?bc I N D E X. 
 
 fold's Alliance with it condemft'd, 150 The Con- 
 fequencesof it, i 5I The general Antipathy of 
 the Englijb againrt that Nation, 153 J n what 
 "their Fidelity will appear, 205 Our Rivals in 
 Trade, 216. 
 
 Francklin (Mr.) taken up, on Safpicfon of printing 
 the Craft/man, 102. 
 
 Frugality, condernn'd, iSS, 
 
 G. 
 
 GAlba (the Roman Emperor) the Caufe of his 
 Death, 190. 
 
 Gibraltar ; its Importance differently reprefcnted, 1 1 2 
 The Apprehensions of the People/ upon th't Ac- 
 count, proved to be groundlefs, 200 The Impor- 
 tance of that Place explained by an Induction of 
 Particulars, 215 The Reafons and Arguments 
 urg d for its Reftitution expos'd, 219. 
 
 GoMmin ; Tte Rabbit 3irtb of that Place jollify M 
 and exrlain'd, 256- 
 
 Government ; hem- it ought to be fupported upon ex- 
 traordinary Occafions, 226. 
 
 Ginrnan (Eafl-lndia) their Pride, -QratideGr and 
 Riches, 67. 
 
 Gracchi', the Character of the two Brothers, 139. 
 
 G> f^L the P Hc y ^ that State ' in Offering none of 
 
 her Members to become too popular, 1 22* 
 Gundamour ; his Fable, 279. 
 
 H. 
 
 'Ancver (Alliance) an Eulogium of it, z - o . 
 
 A Htnty, (r#ttrjM& Defign commended, 20 
 
 An Account of his Oration upcn Horace AC Far 
 ther commended, 43 - Vindicated, agamrt the 
 Charge of abufng Horace, by Tim. Shallow, 56. 
 
 Wafer
 
 <fbe I N D E X. 
 
 Hinter (Jack) his Letter to Mr. D* driven, 44. 
 
 Hoadley (Bijhop)^ an Advocate for the Liberty of the 
 Prefs, 21 His Obfervation concerning Places at 
 Court, 130. 
 
 Holland; the Occafion of its Greatnefs, 156 The 
 Rigour and Impofttions of that Government at pre- 
 fent, 157 Why the People fubmit to it, ibid- 
 How refcued from Deilruclion, 162. 
 
 Horace ; Mr. Henley, the Orators Account of him, 
 40 fomevvhat fat and very dirty y ibid. little 
 better than a Sloven, ibid. a Swine, ibid. His 
 Fortune origi Rally fmall, ibid. Married a Woman 
 of Lomlanty with a large Fortune, 41 Lewd "and 
 cbolerick, ibid. A comical litle, laughing Fellow, 
 and a great Lover of Bawdry, ibid One of his 
 fmutty Songs, ibid. Sordidly covetous, ibid. An 
 Exempt if the Beef-eaters, 42 Secretary of the 
 Treafury, ibid. Sent AmbnJ'ador to Gaul, ibid. 
 Grows cleaner and fpruter, Hid. Some Defign of 
 making Him Secretary of State, ibid. but mifles 
 it by his extreme "Modefty, i l nd. Defended againtl 
 all thefe Charges by Tim. Shallow, 55. 
 
 Horace ', fent to Hanover with a Scheme for the Par- 
 liamenfs fitting, during the King's Abfence, 193. 
 
 I. 
 
 INnuendos ; fome Obfervations on them, Page io^ 
 Inf.lence ; the Folly of it in Statefmen, 134 ef- 
 pecially in a pipttlar AJfembh, 139. 
 Intereft (of Money) fome Reflections upon it, 89. 
 "Journal (London) fome Remarks upon it, 68 Frr- 
 
 ther Remarks upon it, 85. 
 
 Irony, defcrib'd, 103 Some Obfervation s on it, ibid. 
 Itinerarium (Tbeohgic'itn) a Book fo call'd, 120. 
 .Judges ; what fort of Men They ought to be, 52 
 The .Earl of Clarendons Obfervation on corrupt 
 Judges, 64. 
 
 K. King
 
 INDEX. 
 
 K. 
 
 KING (Dr. Robert) his golden Specific^ recom- 
 mended, 16 An Account of its Cures, 
 and Mr. U 1 Anverfs Conference with the Doftor, 
 34 He cures two eminent Lawyers, 37 Some 
 Account of thsm and their Cafe, ibid- A farther 
 Account of his Remedies, 180. 
 
 Kingdoms ; their Viciffitudes and Revolutions. 96. 
 
 Kiplin (Mr.) his excellent Character and Conduft, 
 141. 
 
 Knats (Ear) the Ufe of them, 225. 
 
 Knottifls ', what, . ibid. 
 
 L. 
 
 LAWS J ought to bear the Name of Thofe, 
 who propofe them, 270. 
 
 Lawyers ; (two eminent ones) cured by Dr. KING, 
 37 Some Account of Them and their Cafe, ibid. 
 
 Law i the Obfervation of it recommended, 52. 
 
 Learning (the Decay of it) how accounted fsr, 115. 
 The Reafons given for it ridicul'd, ibid. How 
 promoted, 116 How difcourag'd, 117 The/r*- 
 feat Minijiry great Patrons of Learning, ibid. 
 
 Leicefter (Earl of) faid to be a Broker, 144. 
 
 Lerma (Duke of) his Fall, 278. 
 
 Lethargy (political) the Caufes and bad EfFefts of that 
 Diltemper, 158. 
 
 Letters ; from Mcrcator to the Craftfman, concerning 
 a Fraud, faid to be difcover'd at a Sale of the Eaji- 
 India Company, 25 From Jack Hinter to the 
 fame, 44 From Tim. SbalLw to the fame, in De- 
 fence of Horace and and Mr. Orator Henley, 56 
 From Civicus to the fame, concerning the Eaji- In- 
 dia Company and Mr. Eccleflone, 62 From Britan- 
 xitus to the fame, concerning the fublick Debts, 68 
 B b From
 
 fbe INDEX. 
 
 From Urbanictis to the fame, concerning the Enft- 
 Indid Company, 75 A fecond Letter from Eritan- 
 nicus to the Craftfman concerning publick Credit, 
 85 From Will. Briton to the fame, concerning 
 our Colonies in the Weft -Indies, 146 To the fame, 
 from an anonymous Hand, concerning Operas and 
 
 Luxury, 1 73 To the fame, concerning Colo- 
 
 #/ jand Plantations, 178 From John Er.glijb to 
 the fame, containing a Project to prevent Corruption, 
 224 From Britannica to the fame, in Defence of 
 
 her Sex, 236 H?U)KQ,JobnM re to the fame, 
 
 with an Account of his new Worm Powder, 242 
 From 'Squire Briton, to the fame concerning Ef- 
 quirejbip, 266 The Practice of opening Letters at 
 the Poji-Ojfice examined, 228. 
 
 Libels', not defin'd by the Law, n Worthy Men 
 profecuted under the Pretence of Libelling, ibid. 
 Firft punifhed in Rome , by Auguftus, under Colour of 
 the Lex Majeftatis, 1 9 Cremutius Cordus accus'd 
 of Libelling, 22 His Speech to the Senate, 23. 
 
 Liberty ; the Bleffings of it, 92 How it ought to be 
 aflerted, 161. 
 
 Loans (of Money) fome Methods of managing them, 
 89. 
 
 Luxury ; the Mifchiefs of it, 1 24 Farther explain'd, 
 1 64 Encourag'd by wicked Minifters, ibid. Far- 
 ther explain'd, 1 73 It ruins the Perjlans, ibid. 
 The Spartans and Romans, 174 Carthage, A- 
 tbens and Ljdia, 175. Encourag'd by Pericles, 
 Tiberius, Catherine of Medicis and Cyrus, ibid. 
 
 Lydians ; - how deftroy'd, ibid. 
 
 Lynn-Regis ; the loyal Addrefs of that Corporation, 
 170. 
 
 M. Maje-
 
 I N D E X, 
 
 M. 
 
 MAjeflatis (Lex) fome Account of it, Page if)- 
 Mamifaftures (woollen) their declining Con- 
 dition, 87 The Reafon of it, ibid. 
 
 Map (of the World) Propofals for printing a more ac- 
 curate one, 78. 
 
 Mafquerades ; the Danger of them, 176. 
 
 Me diets (Ca tbarine of ) her Conduct, 175. 
 
 Men (great) Seneca s Obfervations upon them, 46 
 Miftaken by the generality of the World, 48 Their 
 Methods of railing themfelves in this Age, 49 - 
 The Character of a tritely great Man, 50 How 
 their Creatures and Tools are oblig'd to behave, 
 108. 
 
 Middlefex ( Earl of ) falls under the Difpleafure of the 
 Duke of Buckingham, 275 Impeach'd and pu- 
 nifh'd, ibid. 
 
 Minifters ; Sir Francis Baton's Inftruftions to them 
 upon feveral Parts of Government, i Advice 
 to Them, 132 An Apology for Them, 150 
 How and when They ought to be call'd to Ac- 
 count, 1 36 The great Sucre fs and Ability of the 
 frefent Minifters, 45 Mr.D'dnvers defends himfelf 
 againftthe Charge of abufing them by Irony and Innu- 
 endos, 103 Great Encouragers of Learning, 117 
 Farther defended by Mr. D'Anvers, \ 64- How de- 
 fended by the Craft 'fntari 's Adversaries, 183 A- 
 bus'd fome Years ago, for Rejigning their Employ- 
 ments, 192 Charg'd with ENGROSSING, and 
 embroiling publick Affairs, ibid. The former Con- 
 dition of ONE of them, 193 Gets incredible 
 Sums for Himfelf, his Relations and Friends, ibid. 
 His Ingratitude, ibid. Voted guilty of Corrup- 
 tion and Breach ofTruft by the Houfe of Commons* 
 1 94 Sent to Prifon, ibid. Offers 90,000 /. for 
 one Purchafe, ibid* Kept an Office in the Strand* 
 B b 2 for
 
 Tb I N D E X. 
 
 for felling Places, Grants and Reterfiens, 195 
 Charg'd with being in the Swedijb Plot, ibid. 
 Make? Money of the Rebels, ibid. Grows impu- 
 dent, and thinks that Punijkment will make Hhn/e- 
 pular, \ 96 Calls the King's Service a Burthen tct 
 heavy for a Man of Honour to bear, 198 An Ene- 
 my to p-ib!ick Credit, which increafes upon his be- 
 ing turn'd out, ibid- Calls the Miniftry a Faflion, 
 ibid. Charg'd with aftmg out of Spleen, Prejudice, 
 Self-intereft, Ambition, Dijappainiment and Re- 
 venge, ibid His Anfwer and Vindication againft 
 all thefe heavy Charges, 206 The prefent Mini- 
 Jiers, their Eulogium, 223. (Prime Minifters ) 
 what, 128 dangerous to a free People* ibid.V) 
 t\i& Prince, 130 and to Hirrfelf, 132. 
 
 Money ; the Power of it, 125. 
 
 Monitor (a Paper fo call'd) againft the Liberty of the 
 Prefs, 107. 
 
 M re (J hn) his Letter to the Craftfman, ad 
 
 Propofal to cure a vxwncted Confcience, 242 An 
 Account of his new Wcrm-powder for this Purpofe, 
 ibid. 
 
 Mujick (Italian) the Danger of it, 176. 
 
 N. 
 
 Navigation ; a new Difcovery in the Art of it, 
 371. 
 Norfolk (Troop) feme Account of them, 199. 
 
 O. 
 
 O Metis ', a Difcourfe upon them, 254. 
 Operas ; a Difcourfe upon them, 173 The 
 .Dagger cf them, ibid. 
 
 Orange (Prince of preferves Holland, 1 63. 
 Ojtexif (Tradf of ) differently reprefented, 113 Of 
 what Importance to England, 202. 
 
 P. Palm
 
 
 The I N D E X. 
 
 p. 
 
 PAlm (Mr.) his Memorial condemn'd, Page i6S 
 Drawn up by a German Bifap, 169. 
 
 Panegyrick; why not fo eafy as Satire, 102 PUnf& 
 Obfervation upon it, ibid. 
 
 Parallels ; the ufe of them, 1 87. 
 
 Parliaments; the true ufe of them, 53. 
 
 Parties ; their Revolutions, 97 Some Account of 
 the Parties in the Rdgn of Charles the F/r/?, 99 
 A Coalition of them, what ; and how to be de- 
 fired, 248 
 
 Piitriotiftn ; the Methods us'd to bring it into Con- 
 tempt, 1 1 4T -Treafon in Diiguife, 182. 
 
 Penfiwers ', ought to be diftinguim'd by fome pub- 
 lick Mark, 225 A Project for this Purpole, ibid. 
 
 PericJes ; encourages Luxury, 175. 
 
 Perjtans ; how ruin'd, 173. 
 
 Perfpeftives (political) recommended, 6 1 The ufe 
 of them, ibid. 
 
 Pbilipeaux (Count) a Complaint againft Him, 178. 
 
 Pbyftek ; the Abufes of it, 13. 
 
 Pitch-pipe ; the ufe of it, 140. 
 
 Places (at Court) the Magick of them, 21-2; 
 
 Plantations (in the We ft -In dies) an Account of their 
 Condition, 146 Their Importance, ibid.* A Far- 
 ther Account of their Condition, 179^ 
 
 Pleafure ; the Danger of it, 173. '.^< ,< 
 
 Pliny ; his Obfervation on Panegyric^, 102. 
 
 Politician; ought to have no Pajjions, 133. Efpecial- 
 ly Infolence, and Impetusfity of Temper, 134. 
 
 Popularity ; defiii'd,.i2i The Excellence of it, ibid, 
 falj'e Popularity, what, ibid.-*- The Mifcniefs of it, 
 ibid. Different Methods of acquiring ir, ib-id. Ail' 
 guftus paves his way- to the Empire by it, 1 26. 
 
 Porch (Solomon) his political Perfpeftives recommend- 
 ed, 6 1 The ufe of them, ibid, 
 
 B b 3 Portland
 
 Portland (Wefton, Earl of ) his Charader and Beha- 
 viour in Power, 136. 
 
 Pojt-Office ; the Practice of opening Letters there e;xa- 
 min'd, 228. 
 
 Poverty ; a Mark of Honeftj, 144. 
 
 Prelum Triumphant ; a Book focall'd, 140. 
 
 Prefs ; the Liberty of it explained and aflerted, 7 
 Encourag'd by all wife Nations, 17, &c- By the 
 whole Body of the Wbigs, ^\ Written againll in 
 a Paper, calTd the Moritor, 107 
 
 Pride ; the Force and Effedls of it, 266. 
 
 Prirne-Miniften what, 128 Dangerous to a free 
 People, ibid To the Prince, 1 30 And to Bfm~ 
 fe/f, 132. 
 
 fnngigt ; a Difcourfe upon them, 254. 
 
 PretfttJ ; the Meaning of that Allegory, 96. 
 
 Prujfia (^King of ) his Strength differently reprefent- 
 ed, 112. 
 
 Q'Jeries 
 Ind 
 
 -, concerning the Management of the Eaft- 
 India Company, 65. 
 
 R. 
 
 RATS', a Fable of two, 279. 
 Rebels (Scotch) why brought to Town to be 
 tried, 195. 
 
 "Religiw (CbriJIian) how firft inftituted, 97 How 
 perverted, ibid. (Mahometan) by what founds 
 ed, 97 How maintain'd at prefent, 98. 
 S-efignen (vindicated, a Pamphlet fo caFd) fome Ex- 
 
 traftsout of it, 212-- 
 Jbtotuthm } of all Things, 96 Of Statu, Kingdoms 
 
 and Empires, ibid Of Parties, 97 . 
 Ridicule.', the Mifchkf of turning ferious Things into 
 Ridicule, 79 Whca this Cuftom was fixft introdu- 
 ced,
 
 tfoe I N D E X. 
 
 ced, and by whom, ibid. A remarkable Inftance 
 
 of it in a Book, call'd, An tyfttrry,&c. ibid. Some 
 
 Obfervations on that Book, 80, c^V. 
 Ricbes (immenfe) a Proof of Guilt, 144. 
 Ripperia (Duke of) his Malignancy againft the King 
 
 of Great-Britain, 82. 
 Robin (Mr. J? Anverf* Coachman) fome Account of 
 
 Him, 3, &3V 
 
 Rolrinocracy ; deftroy'd, 197. 
 Rome ; the Policy of that State in fuffering none of her 
 
 Members to become too popular, 1 22. 
 Romans ; how ruin'd, 1 74. 
 jRa/ter ('Vice- Admiral of Holland] his plain Manner of 
 
 Living, 156. 
 
 Ruptures ; golden Trttjfei invented to cure them, 74. 
 RuJJia (the late Emprefs of) hex Wifdoin and Con- 
 
 duft, 240. 
 
 SAluft ; his Declamation aginft Cicero, 26 1 . 
 Sarum (Bifhop of ) an Advocate for the Liberty 
 of the Prefs, 21 His Obfervation concerning Pla- 
 ces at Court, 1 30. 
 
 Satire ', why eafier than Praife or Panezyrick, 102. 
 
 Satirical-Writings', how encourag'd, 119. 
 
 Scheme (bencjl) a Book fo call'd 270. 
 
 Screen-Mafter, General, (of the E aft- India Company) 
 Some Account of Him and his Conduit* 75. 
 
 Screen (fere end) 165. 
 
 Seneca ', his Obfervations on great Men, 46. 
 
 Shaftsbury (Lord) his Obfervation concerning Writers* 
 1 20, 
 
 Shallow (Timothy) his Letter to Mr. D 1 dnvers, ia 
 Defence of Horace and Orator Henley* 55. 
 
 Shallows (the Family of ) riKng Men, ibid. 
 
 Shrewsbury ; the loyal Addreis of that Corporation, 
 170. 
 
 Sfartans $.
 
 fbe I N D E X. 
 
 Spartans ; how ruin'd, 1 74. 
 
 Spffifik (g'J.len) fome Account of it, 16, 34 A far- 
 farther Account of it, i go. 
 
 States ; their Vicifli'udes and Revolutions, 96. 
 
 Statefman ; ought to have > Pajjiows, 133 Efpeci- 
 
 ally to avoid Injollnce and 'irnpetucfity of Temper, 
 
 134' 
 
 S/mV (Sir Richard) oppofes Men in Power, 21 . 
 
 Stocks ; how they are mansg'd, 89. 
 
 Stock-jobbing ; how it is of Advantage to the Nation, 
 
 in. 
 Sybaris (a. Town in Italy) the Fate of it, i 77. 
 
 T. 
 
 TEmple (Sir William) his Obler ration on the 
 Trade of the Netherlands, 64 His wife and 
 honeft Conduft, 151 His Reafons for the Great- 
 nefs of Holland, 156. 
 
 Tiberius (Gracehus) his Characler, 139. 
 
 Tiberius (the Emperor) encourages Luxury, 175. 
 
 Tosh (of a great Man] how they are obiig'd to be- 
 have, 1 08 
 
 Tories', fome Account of them, 100 Their Chandler 
 of a Whig condemned, 250. 
 
 Tztncji ; the loyal Addrefs of that Torporation, 169 
 
 Trade ; how it futfers by a War with Spain, 87. 
 
 Triafurer ', the Character of an honeft one, 141. 
 
 TruJjTfs (golden) for prevent ? Ru tres, 74. 
 
 Tulip (Monjjeut ) refcues his Country from Deilruftion 
 by his gallant Coriduft, 162. 
 
 U. 
 
 U 
 
 his Letter to Mr. jyAnvtrs, con- 
 cerning tKc Soft-India Camfany, 75. 
 
 V. Vi-
 
 fbe INDEX. 
 
 VIci/ttuJe (of all Things) 96. 
 Villari f Duke of Buckingham) Sir Franeit Ba- 
 con's Advice to him, 51 Anabfolute Prime- Mini- 
 jler t 133 An Account of his Rife, Conduct, and 
 Death, 272. 
 Vifton (of Camilitk) 92. 
 
 W. 
 
 le (R -/, Efquire j an Anfwer to a 
 
 Pamphlet, intitled the Cbarafler and Conduit 
 of that Grmleman) fome Extrafts out of it, 196 
 A Panegyrick upon Him, 21 2 
 
 W<>rs Sir Francis Bafo-i's Opinion upon them, 54. 
 
 Weflminfler ; a School there recommended, 265. 
 
 Wejlon (Earl of Portland) his Character and Behaviour 
 in Power, 136. 
 
 Advocates for the Liberty of tbf Prefs, 21 
 Some Account of their Coaduft in the Reigns of 
 Cb'ir'es the fir ft and Secend, 100 How alterM 
 fince, ibid. Their Antipathy to the French Nati- 
 on, 1 5 i Their Character of a Tory condemn'd, 
 250. 
 
 Wo/fey (Cardinal) fome Account of his Infolence in 
 Power* 46, 135. 
 
 Woman-kind*, an EfTay in their Behalf, 236.