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Advts. 
 
 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 OLlerical (Tailors, ^tiatters, Church jfurnishers, 
 
 ^ and Robe Wafers, Kp 
 MEDI/EVAL METAL WORKERS IN SILVER, BRASS, AND IRON. 
 
 ENGRAVERS OF MEMORIAL BRASSES. 
 STAINED AND PAINTED GLASS. Designs and Estimates sent 
 
 on application. 
 
 COMMUNION CASE BAG, containing all things necessary for 
 
 administering the Holy Communion. 
 
 SURPLICES, CASSOCKS, AND VESTMENTS. 
 
 MUNICIPAL, LEGAL, and ACADEMICAL ROBE MAKERS. 
 
 CLERICAL CLOTHING of every description. 
 
 CATALOGUES, ESTIMATES, AND DESIGNS SENT FREE BY POST. 
 
 TAVISTOCK STREET, COVENT GARDEN, L 
 
 Paxl on ' s Hai l Silmi ilaiil 
 
 ^■■^HE Proprietor does not claim miraculous powers for 
 
 y^W^ this Preparation, but the observation of its use for 
 
 1 I over 25 years, coupled with the invariable commend- 
 
 ^^ ation of those who have used it, warrant his placing 
 
 ^^■^ it before the public as a thoroughly genuine strength- 
 
 enerof the hair, it does not in any way AFFECT the 
 
 colour and may be used with certain benefit in all 
 
 cases where the roots of the hair are not perished, while in 
 
 those cases where the hair falls off in unsightly patches, its 
 
 restorative power is unrivalled. It is most agreeable in use. 
 
 From 2, - to 2 6. by post 3d. extra from the Proprietor 
 
 E. J. SMITH llate Paxton), 
 
 Hairdresser 8c Ornamental Hair Worker. 
 
 8, MARKET ST., LICHFIELD. 
 
! ICHFIELD AND ITS C ATHEDRAL. AdvtS. 
 
 COFFEE HOUSE 
 
 AND 
 
 DinioG Room^, 
 
 MARKET PLACE, LICHFIELD^ 
 
 THIS HOUSE IS FAMOUS AS THE BIRTH- 
 PLACE OF DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 i^^^IglTORg to klcgfieia \vill fina 
 U wir^i ^^^P^ aeeommodation ^op making 
 \iJ-:H-= a $^OTpi OP long ^ta^, and evep^ 
 attention to t^eip eomj'opt. 
 
 fBOM IB TJU B. 
 
 Dinners and (Teas for private ^Jarties and Schools. 
 
 TERMS ON APPLICATION TO— 
 
 Mrs. TILL, Proprietress. 
 
 WELL-AIRED BEDS. 
 
Advts. 
 
 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 MATTHEW HUNT, 
 
 rFe£L Destlex* slt\€L Confectionex*, 
 
 LUNCHEON & TEA ROOMS, OPPOSITE CORN EXCHANGE. 
 
 iliilii 
 
LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Advts. 
 
 GliORGE HOTBIy 
 
 FAMILY, COMMERCIAL, AND POSTING 
 
 HOUSE, 
 
 LICHFIELD. 
 
 (iSlini's anD .spirits. 
 RENOWNED LICHFIELD ALES in Bottles or Draught. 
 
 POSTING OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 
 Post Horses, Carnages, Waggonettes, 
 
 ETC. 
 
 Jiiirr^pJfiirliBs intaijeb faij. 
 
 MODERATE CHARGES. ESTIMATES GIVEN. 
 
 OMNIBUS TO MEET TRAINS. CYCLING CLUB HEAD-QUARTERS. 
 
 S. M. OWEN, tJiopriitrrss. 
 
AdvtS. LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 THiefi ©OWES Bolel 
 
 •A_i.<A> Vi/ tAj Jj vAj iAj kKjj. iA_i lA—/ > 
 
 F>p0ppictop - - J'. T. CORK. 
 
 fnr Visitnrs. 
 
 SPECIAL TERMS FOR LARGE PARTIES. 
 
 wiiie, Biiiif e I ci&ARs 
 
 OF THE CHOICEST QUALIFY. 
 
 " N.B.— We put up at the Three Crowns, not one 
 of your great Inns, but a good, old-fashioned one." 
 (BosxveWs Life of Dr. Johiisou). 
 
 The Celebrated Arm Chair used by the 
 
 great Dr. Johnson 
 
 is still in its old position. 
 
LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Advts. 
 
 THE 
 
 u 
 
 LICHFIELD. 
 
 FIVE MINUTES WALK FROM CITY STATION. APPROACH 
 FROM BIRMINGHAM ROAD AND SANDFORD STREET. 
 
 HIS beautifully-situated Inn, with its 
 magnificent Bowling Green and 
 Gardens and surrounding scenery, 
 is now open for the season, and is 
 replete with every convenience for 
 the comfort and accommodation of 
 Visitors. 
 
 Dinners and Teas Provided 
 
 FOR LARGE OR SMALL PARTIES at the Shortest Notice. 
 
 ALES, WINES & SPIRITS 
 
 OF THE FINEST QUALITY, and 
 
 ^J^v CU I C3r J^ I^ Si v4^^ 
 
 OF THE CHOICEST BRANDS. 
 
 C. \7()()l)KIKIil), PK()PKiE'W)it 
 
AdvtS. LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Sst£i.t>lisHed 1830. 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 
 BORE ST., LICHFIELD; 
 
 and 
 
 GEORGE ST., TAIYIWORTH. 
 
 (Opposite the Post Office.) 
 
 gritisl) ^ foreign Ciijars 
 
 (Always in Good Condition) 
 OF THE CHOICEST BRANDS. 
 
 Always in Stock, of the Finest Brands, viz: 
 
 Nestor Gianaclis; M. Melachrino & Co..Suez; El. Loiuanos; Remars: etc. 
 
 A FINE ASSORTMENT OF 
 
 TOBACCONISTS' FANCY GOODS OF ALL KINDS. 
 
 SOLE AGENT FOR KI315 BRIAR PIPES. 
 
 MingTaclieiWalkingSticks 
 
 I IN GREAT VARIETY. 
 
 J flPES [REPAIRED ON THE PREMISES. 
 
LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. AdvtS. 
 
 BAYLEY'S 
 
 TABLE DELICACIES 
 
 i vyholesorrie. Peliciovis. 
 
 £ BAYLEY S CUSTARD POWDER ^ 
 
 "a In Three Flavours :— Lemon. Almond, and Vanilla. QQ 
 
 Sold in Id. & 2d. packets, and 6d. & Is. boxes. P 
 
 fk No Eggs required ; half the Cost and half the Trouble saved. ^ 
 
 = BAYLEY'S BLANC-MANGE POWDER J 
 
 In Twelve Flavours :~- .^ 
 
 jlj Almond, Lemon, Vanilla, Strawberry, Raspberry, Chocolate, Coffee, *' 
 a} Cherry, Apricot-Peach, Pine Apple, Jargonelle Pear, and Ratafia. 
 
 -p Sold in 3d. packets, and 6d. and Is. boxes, m' 
 
 A Delicious Luxury at a very lit tle Cost. 
 
 1 BAYLEY SselfriseBAKTNGPOWDER v 
 
 {j Is the Best and by far the Cheapest in the Market. (P 
 
 Sold in Id. Packets, and 6d. and Is. tins. ^ 
 
 W For making Bread, Buns, Cakes, and all kinds of Pastry ^ 
 
 ' beautifully light. A 
 
 « BAYLEY S saF^E EGG POWDER " 
 
 ^ IS THE ONLY SUBSTITUTE FOR EGGS. 
 
 ^ Sold in Id. packets, and 6d. and Is. tins. 
 
 prt For making Puddings. Pancakes, Currant Cakes, Seed Cakes, Plum ^^ 
 ^ rakes. Rice Cakes. Madeira Cakes. &c.. without Eggs. ►j 
 
 ; BAYLEY S GINGER BEER POWDER*^ 
 
 ^ Sold in Id. and 3d. boxes. ef 
 
 COOLING. WHOLESOME. GENUINE. * 
 
 M 1 
 
 ^ All the above delicious preparations may be obtained from 
 ^ any Grocer or Italian Warehouseman in the Kingdom, or sent 
 ff per post on receipt of 1 - in stamps. 
 
 MANUKACTURED BY 
 
 JOSEPH i;. 15AYLEY, Manufacturing Chemist, 
 
 LICHFIELD. 
 
 Photographic Chemicals Supplied. 
 
lichfip:ll) 
 
 AND ITS 
 
 CATHEDRAL. 
 
 A BRIET HISTORY AND CriDE. 
 
Friiii pliolo by) 
 
 'I'he Minster Spires. 
 
 [W. litholbert Honry, C.E 
 
LICHFIELD 
 
 AND ITS 
 
 CATHEDRAL 
 
 A BRIEF HISTORY AND GUIDE 
 
 Bv H. SNOWDEX WARD 
 
 The Episcopal Seal. 
 
 Percy Lund «S: Co., The Coi'ntry Press, Bradford 
 AND Memorial Hail, Li'dgate Circus, London. 
 
 1S92. 
 
From tilir.lri |,v 
 
 The Minster Spires. 
 
 IW. Ethclbert Honry, C.E 
 
LICHFIELD 
 
 AND ITS 
 
 CATHEDRAL 
 
 A BRIEF HISTORY AND GUIDE 
 Bv H. SNOWDEN WARD 
 
 The Episcopal Seal. 
 
 Percy Lund & Co., The Coi'ntry Press, Bradford 
 
 AND MeMORI.AL H.M.I.. Ll'DG.^TE ClRClS, LoNDON. 
 
 IS92. 
 
PERCY LUNn AND CO., 
 
 THE COUNTRY PRESS, BRADFORD; 
 
 AND 
 
 MEMORIAL HAI.I., I.UDGATE CIRCL'S, E.C. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 URELV no apology is needed for attempt- 
 ing to act as a guide to Lichfield — a city 
 in which every foot of soil teems with 
 historic associations ; a city which has 
 produced warriors, and statesmen, and martyrs ; a 
 city which is to-day one of the most restful refuges 
 for the brain o'er-wrought with worldly cares ; a city 
 which is adorned with ** the fairest church in English 
 Land." Nor do we feel that we owe any apology 
 to those who have already written hand-books, 
 histories, and other works, great and small, dealing 
 with the same subject, for our field in no way trenches 
 upon theirs ; nor should our brief outline guide, intended 
 as a practical companion to those who are making but 
 a short stay in the city, interfere in any way with the 
 older publications. 
 
 One or two subjects for illustration whicli we 
 announced in our prospectus have been omitted, and 
 others substituted, but we think that the book has in 
 no wa) suffered by the substitution. The sources of 
 
 
 437 
 
LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 the larger illustrations are acknowledged throughout 
 the book. For originals of the smaller cuts we are 
 indebted to Mr. Carl Norman, View Publisher, Tun- 
 bridge Wells, Mr. Thos. Grundy and Mr. Cartmale, 
 of Lichfield. 
 
 To the people of Lichfield, amongst whom we came 
 as strangers, we owe thanks for their many courtesies 
 and kindnesses, and for the ready help which they have 
 given in the production of this guide to the beautiful 
 City and Cathedral of which they are so justly proud. 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY, 
 
 ICHFIELD, City and County, is situated 
 in Staffordsliire, of which county it was 
 at one time the capital. The city 
 r^^ir-— -rrrr-]^ pfobably owcd its existence originally to 
 the lad that the spot on which it stands is "the centre 
 of England," and that here two great Roman roads 
 crossed. This central position renders the city easy of 
 access to people from Birmingham and the West of 
 England, from the busy districfls of " the potteries," 
 from Nottingham and Leicester, and from Derby and 
 the populous North country. The interest of the city 
 centres in its Cathedral, which is a shrine of pilgrimage 
 for thousands of our American cousins, and which, at 
 the time of its great musical festivals, is thronged with 
 music-lovers from all parts of the country. 
 
 The city has produced many notable men and 
 women, but as they will all be mentioned in connecf^ion 
 with their memorials, cither in the city or in the Cathe- 
 dral, I need not further speak of them here. 
 
 The city is noted for its excellent supply of pure 
 spring water, which is of especial value for brewing, 
 the only trade carried on to any extent. So valuable 
 
8 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 is the water for brewing purposes that a line of pipes 
 has been laid from Lichfield to Burton-on-Trent, and 
 an immense volume of water is pumped annually to 
 the Beer Metropolis. The population of Lichfield was 
 given in 1H91 as 8.349. 
 
 The people of Lichfield are literary, antiquarian, 
 and (in its widest sense) artistic in their tastes. Their 
 out-door amusements are mainly of the refined and 
 contemplative order, as is evidenced by the facft that 
 they support one of the best semi-public bowling greens 
 in England, a pretty spot where anyone may spend an 
 hour or two, and which is said to have been in use for 
 the same purpose in Johnson's time. 
 
 Lichfield is well provided with churches, schools, 
 banks, and railway facilities, its hotel accommodation 
 is ample and excellent, as befits a city which largely 
 depends upon its visitors, and there is a good public 
 free library, with reading room and museum. A 
 general market is held in the Market Place on Fridays, 
 but is of no great importance. 
 
MAP OF LICHFIELD 
 
A P.RIF.F HISTORY, 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 A BRIEF HISTORY. 
 
 THE most striking event in the early history of 
 Lichfield is recorded in the name of the City, 
 unless the historians and a certain section of the people 
 who support tliis derivation of the name are alike in 
 error. The event in question occurred about a. d. 2H6, 
 in the reign of the emperor Diocletian, who slew 
 Amphibalus and a thousand of his Christian converts 
 on the site of the cathedral afterwards tledicateil to St. 
 Ceadda, or St. Chad. Erom this sanguinary incident 
 the name of Lich-tield, the field of the dead, can be 
 naturally derived. 
 
 Of the history of the City under the Romans but 
 little is known. Its central position must have made 
 it important to them, especially as it was the crossing 
 pomt of the great W'atling Street and Icknield Street. 
 which was guarded by a station at Etocetum, close to 
 the City. 
 
 After the Roman times the whole history of 
 Lichfield centres round the Cathedral and the religious 
 life of the place, and like much other early religious 
 history it commences with a blood feud, about a.d. 650. 
 Peada, heir apparent to the throne of Mcrcia, married 
 the daughter of Oswy, king of Northumbria, and at the 
 instance of his father-in-law, renounced Thor and 
 Woden to become a servant of the White Christ, 
 Penda, tiie lather of Peada, who was a sturdy pagan, 
 was naturally incensed at his son's apostacy and forth- 
 with made war upon Oswy, carrying devastation into 
 the West Yorkshire coiintr\', and for a while carrying 
 
lO LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 all before liim. But Oswy soon rallied his forces and 
 gained a decisive victory. Penda was slain, and Peada, 
 his son, was sent to rule over the conquered Mercians. 
 Of course, a number of priests accompanied the new 
 ruler, and four of them in turn were made bishops of 
 Mercia. The last of these, Jaruman, who died a.d. 667, 
 seems to have commenced the building of the first 
 church of Lichfield by command of Oswy. 
 
 Two years after the death of Jaruman, Ceadda, or 
 Chad, a hermit who lived at Stowe, half a mile from 
 Lichfield Cathedral, where now is St. Chad's Church, 
 was made the first bishop of Lichfield. The well of St. 
 Chad, in which he is said to have prayed, standing 
 naked in the water, is still to be seen ; and to it are, or 
 were, attributed miraculous properties. Many wonder- 
 ful legends are told of the life and death of Ceadda, 
 who was eventually canonised as St. Chad. He was 
 first buried in or near an old church of St. Mary, the 
 site of which is not known, and afterwards removed to 
 the church of St. Peter, which is supposed to have 
 stood on the site of the present cathedral, and which 
 was built by Bishop Hedda, about a.d. 700. Some 
 authorities contend that the removal of St. Chad's 
 remains was to a Cathedral Church built by Bishop 
 1 Icdda, and dedicated to St. Chad. 
 
 Later, in the days of Higbert or Hygebertha, who 
 became bishop in 7<S5, the see was raised to the dignity 
 of an archbishopric, and on a charter preserved in the 
 liritish Museum, Iligbert's signature takes precedence of 
 that of Aethelherad, archbishop of Canterbury. In 786 
 Aldwlf became archbishop, and in 803 the see was 
 re-converted into a simple bishopric. In 1075 the see 
 was transferred to Chester, in 1102 it was transferred 
 to Coventry, about 11 80 it became the bishopric of 
 Coventry and Lichfield, in 1661 of Lichfield and Coven- 
 try, and in 1836 once more the bishopric of Lichfield. 
 
 Resuming our glance at the history of the City, the 
 next date of im})ortance is 1296, when Walter de 
 Langton became bishop. He devoted much time, 
 energy, and money to the building of the Cathedral, 
 threw bridges over the Minster Pool, cleansed the 
 
A BRIEF HISTORY. H 
 
 moat, and built a strong defensive wall round the 
 Close, with a minor fortified gate on the south side 
 and a strong double gate-way with ponderous portcullis 
 on the west. 
 
 At the end of the fifteenth century Lichfield saw 
 the grim array of war and heard the tramp of armed 
 men. Richard the Third was at Nottingham ; Henry 
 of Richmond had landed at Milford Haven, and with a 
 strong force at his back had advanced through Wales 
 and into England. Lord Stanley, ostensibly fleeing 
 before Richmond and hastening to join the king, passed 
 through Lichfield, and shortly afterwards Richmond 
 entered the city and lodged there for the night. The 
 local legend tells how Richmond and Stanley met 
 privately that night at Elford, four miles from Lichfield, 
 and completed the treacherous compatft by which 
 Richard was overthrown. Next day Richmond's army 
 moved onwards into Leicestershire and the Royal 
 forces moved from Nottingham to meet him. They 
 came together at Bosworth, and everyone knows how 
 on Bosworth field the treacherous policy was eftec^ive. 
 Before the hosts met, Stanley and his men deserted to 
 the enemy, and in the first onslaught the Earl of 
 Northumberland followed suit, and Richard, seeing 
 that the day was lost and crying, "Treason, Treason," 
 rushed into the thick of the fight, and fighting fell. 
 
 Some fifty years later, in the religious persecutions 
 under Queen Mary, Lichfield had a part. Ralph Bayne 
 (or Bane), appointed bishop in 1554, has been strongly 
 condemned for his cruelty and persecution, which 
 culminated in the burning of two protestants at 
 Coventry, one of them for arguing in Lichfield that a 
 priest had no power of forgiveness of sin. Fifty years 
 later again, in 161 1, Richard Neill, another bisliop. was 
 concerned in liurning, in the Market Square of Lich- 
 field, one Edward Wightman, of Burton-on-Trent, an 
 " obstinate and incorrigible heretick," who held certain 
 "heretical, execrable and unheard-of opinions.'" 
 
 In 1642 the most interesting and important phase 
 in the history of Lichfield opens. The death-struggle 
 between parliament and crown, which commenced 
 
12 MCHFIF.LD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 under Hampden and Pym in 1640, had reached its 
 hciyht, and only blood could quench the fires of hate. 
 In 0(flober, 1642, the King was at Wolverhampton, 
 from whence he issued an order to his " trusty and 
 wcl-beloved inhabitants of the Citty of Leitchfield " 
 to bring all their weapons, offensive and defensive, into 
 the town hall, together with any coin, plate, or jewellery 
 they might happen to have. When this order was laid 
 before a meeting of the citizens, one, Elisha Froggatt, 
 rose and proposed an humble address to the King, show- 
 ing that his loyal citizens wanted to be left alone, to have 
 no part or lot in any fighting, and to keep their money 
 and arms. But the people would have no such tempor- 
 ising. Sir Richard Uyott denounced the " scurril knaves 
 and rebels," and called for volunteers for the King's cause, 
 from whom he formed a troop of Lichfield volunteers, 
 and a garrison for the Cathedral Close. At the tmie of 
 the order above-mentioned Charles had but a handful 
 of men, but trusty Cavaliers flocked to his standard 
 from all parts of the country, as from Lichfield, and at 
 the first battle, at Edgehill, where the Lichfield lads 
 fought with remarkable bravery, the day ended on a 
 drawn fight, which was really a great moral vicflory for 
 the King. The successes at Oxford, Reading, and 
 Brentford changed the whole of the King's prospecfts, 
 and his enemies found that they had to deal with a 
 powerful organisation. Therefore, at Lichfield, the 
 Parliamentarians commenced a close siege. 
 
 The siege of Lichfield began early in 1643, when 
 the Parliamentary forces " sat down before the City " 
 and sang the last four verses of the hundred-and-forty- 
 ninth Psalm with an earnestness and vigour born of 
 convi(5tion of the justice of their cause. Lord Brooke, 
 the leader of the besiegers, then prayed that God would 
 give some visible proof of whether He was for or against 
 them, a prayer which was answered (at least so said 
 the Cavaliers) on St. Chad's day, March 2nd, as is 
 recorded in doggerel rhyme to the effecTt that : — 
 
 fanatick Brooke 
 
 The fair Cathedral spoiled and took ; 
 
 lint, thanks to Heaven and good St. Chad, 
 
 A guerdon meet the spoiler had. 
 
A BRIKr IIISTOKY. 1 3 
 
 The writer of this rhyme is regardless of hlerary per- 
 specflive ; for in reaHty Lord Brooke did not live to take 
 the Cathedral, hut received his " guerdon " in the shape 
 of a bullet from the long piece of one " Dumb " Dyott, 
 a brother of Sir Richard, at the beginning of the siege. 
 As one section of local historians maintains that this 
 shot w^as a most difficult one, and that Dumb Dyott 
 was " a very Captain Ross or David Crockett " at 
 shooting, while another se(5lion says that the shot 
 glancccl from the lintel of a door, I will not try to say 
 which is the correct; version of the event. There is 
 even a third version of the story current amongst those 
 who have sneaking sympathies with the Roundheads, 
 which was told to me by a gardener somewhat thus : — 
 " You see, this Dumb Dyott saw Lord P>rooke go into 
 a house, in the mornmg, to a meeting ; and knew that 
 he would come out in an hour or two by the same door. 
 So he got a big gun that was on the battlements, 
 and that carried about half-a-iuindredwcight of slugs, 
 levelled it carefully to cover the doorway, piled some big 
 stones on it to keep it from shifting, and so that it would 
 not kick, and sat down to wait. When Lord Brooke 
 came to the door Dyott let fly, and of course, killed his 
 lordship." 
 
 Whatever may be the truth of the case, Lord 
 Brooke was killed by a shot from Dumb D\ott, who 
 was posted on the great spire of the Cathedral, and the 
 distance of the shot, measured in 1S91, is given as 185 
 yards, i foot, 3 inches. The arqucbuse with which the 
 shot is said to have been fired is still preserved at 
 Trevor Hall ; and a tablet with the following inscription 
 now marks the notable doorway, in Dam Street. 
 
 March 2, 1643. Lord Brooke, a general of the Par- 
 liament forces, preparing to besiege the Close of Lichfield, 
 then garrisioned for King Charles the First, received his 
 death-wound on the spot beneath this inscription, by a 
 shot in the forehead, from Mr. Dyott, a gentleman who 
 had placed himself on the battlements of the great steeple 
 to annoy the besiegers. 
 
 The siege was continued by Sir Jolin Gell, who 
 made good play with his guns and succeeded in batter- 
 
14 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 ing down the central spire of the Cathedral. He made 
 every efTort to efTe(fl an entrance into the Close, even 
 using the wives, children, and apprentices of the de- 
 fenders as shields for his own men. As a last resource 
 he fetched a mortar, a very terrific instrument, from 
 Coventry, but its bark was worse than its bite, for most 
 of its bombs went wide or fell into the Minster Pool, 
 from which one or two of them have since been obtained 
 and may be seen in the public museum. At length the 
 defenders were worn out, and surrendered on honour- 
 able conditions. 
 
 And now began a bad time for the Cathedral, the 
 first which had fallen into the hands of the Parliament- 
 arians. They were not content with the destrucflion 
 already wrought, but smashed the stained windows, 
 battered down the statues, stripped the lead from the 
 roof, and the brasses from the tombs, and burned 
 the registers. They stabled horses in the Cathedral, 
 and each day hunted a cat through the aisles. And to 
 crown their desecration they draped a calf and gave it a 
 mock baptism at the font. Everything that was of 
 value was carried away, and everything that could be 
 broken was utterly destroyed. Even the bells and 
 the organs were broken up. 
 
 But the Royalists were not content to leave 
 Lichfield in such ungodly hands, so in April, 1643, the 
 second siege was commenced by PrinceRupert, who in 
 a few days reduced the garrison to a surrender. 
 
 In 1645 Lichfield was three times visited by the 
 King in person, who stayed one or more nights in the 
 Close on each occasion. 
 
 In March, 1646, the King's affairs began to look 
 serious, and the Close at Lichfield was again invested 
 by the forces of the Parliament. The defence appears 
 to have been condu(5\ed with great gallantry and could 
 have been continued much longer than it was, but it 
 was found that the King's cause was utterly desperate 
 and so a surrender was made on honourable terms. 
 These terms, or "articles" were printed by Edward 
 1 1 usband. Printer to the Honourable House of Commons 
 in 1646, and a verbatim cop}- of the conditions, with a 
 
A HKIM- HISTORY. 
 
 iS 
 
 fac-simile of the front pa^'e as ori^'inally printed, will be 
 found as an apjifMidix at the end of the hook. 
 
 On the final triuiiij^h of the l-'arliamentarians the 
 total demolition of the Cathedral was decided upon and 
 in great part carried out. 
 
 At the Restoration, Bishop Hackett was appointed 
 to the see, and at once threw his whole soul into the 
 work of restoring the ruin. People of every condition 
 were pressed into the service and contributed according 
 to their means. King Charles II. headed the sub- 
 scription list with a hundred goodly timber trees, the 
 bishop gave nearly £iyoo of his own money, the choir- 
 men made a colle(n:ion, the city made a colleclion, and 
 even the poor villagers of the diocese contributed their 
 mites. For eight years the work was continued and it 
 was a noble edifice that was re-consecrated in Decem- 
 ber 1669. 
 
 William Lloyd, bishop of Lichfield in 1688, was 
 one of the famous " seven bishops " who dared to sign 
 a protest against the "declaration" of James the 
 Seoond, and who were in consequence put on trial for 
 libel at the King's Bench, and acquitted by a jury 
 which was packed by their enemies, but which dared not 
 return a verdict in defiance of the popular wish. 
 
 From this time the affairs of Lichfield went on 
 quietly and soberly. Many notable men went out from 
 her to do service for their country ; many notable men 
 held positions in the Cathedral and brought honour to 
 the place of their labours, but I can hardly speak of 
 them in detail here. 
 
 I will merely mention George Augustus Selwyn, the 
 ideal Missionary Bishop, and an example of the truest 
 form of " muscular Christianity," who gave up his 
 beloved missionary labour to accept the see of Lichfield, 
 which he held from 186S to his death in 1878. 
 
l6 LICHHELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE TOUR OF THE CITY. 
 
 A S we stand in the door-way of the City Station 
 l\^ and look straight forward over the trees and 
 houses, we see tlie graceful spires of the Cathedral, 
 which have been well named, " The Ladies of the 
 X'alley." The building of which they are the crowning 
 beauties is our ultimate goal, but to reach it we will 
 take a circuitous route, for after we once reach the 
 Cathedral we shall not be likely to wish to leave it to 
 ramble round the City. Let us, therefore, turn im- 
 mediately to the left, and a few yards will bring us into 
 St. John's Street, in which, almost opposite to us, 
 lies the first object of interest, St. John's Hospital, 
 more commonl}' known as " the old men's alms-houses." 
 It is a curious old building, erecfted in 1495 on the site 
 of a Priory of John the Baptist, supposed to have been 
 founded early in the thirteenth century (see next page). 
 
 The hospital maintains thirteen old men, and those 
 who are curious to see the front of the building may go 
 through tlie door-way shown in our sketch, and through 
 a vaulted hall-way into the court-yard, from which they 
 can generally obtain admission to the hospital chapel. 
 
 Across the mad from the Hospital is a large st]uare 
 house known as Yeomanry House, from the fact that 
 it has long been the residence of the commanding 
 officer of the local \'eomanr)'. A few yards nearer the 
 City, and on the same side as Yeomanry House, but 
 standing back sume little distance from the road is the 
 
THE TOUR OI- TIIK CITY. 
 
 17 
 
 Grammar School, one of the many scholastic founda- 
 tions of Edward VI. The present building,' only dates 
 from 1850, and is not particularly noteworthy, but in 
 the old Grammar School many remarkable men were 
 educated. Amongst others were Addison, Elias 
 
 Ashmole (collector of the Ashmolean Museum), Dr. 
 Samuel Johnson, and David Garrick. 
 
 F'urther along St. John's Street, and on the left 
 hand side, is the City Clock Tower, recently eretfled 
 to tell the time of day antl to serve as a key-house for 
 
 St. John's Hospital and Church. 
 
 the water-mains : and just beyond again is the Friary, 
 a Franciscan establishment, and necessarily one of the 
 earliest Franciscan buildings in England ; for it was 
 built in 1229, and the Franciscans only reached this 
 country in 1224. The place is now a private house, 
 but it still bears the name of The Friary, and portions 
 of the old building still remain (see overleaf). The 
 most interesting of these is a monument to a certain 
 Richard, a merchant (Ricard. Mercator), which is built 
 into one of the walls. Close to here is the Lichfield 
 branch of the National Provincial Bank. 
 
i8 
 
 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Retracing our steps a few yards we will turn into 
 Bore Street. At the corner of Bore Street and St. 
 John's Street is an interesting old building known as 
 Minors' School, a charity school built in 1660 by one 
 ThomasMinors,acitizen of Lichfield (see opposite page). 
 
 Keeping along the left hand side of Bore Street, a 
 few steps will bring us opposite to St. James' Hall, 
 a building erected some twenty years ago, on the site 
 of the old theatre, and serving the inhabitants of 
 Lichfield as theatre, aucftion room, and political meeting 
 house, all in one. A little further along on the same 
 side, is the General Post Office, next to which is an 
 
 
 T ^iZ ^^ B^^EH- 
 
 The Friary. 
 
 interesting old Elizabethan House, in fine preserva- 
 tion (see page 20). 
 
 A stone's-throw further along Bore Street are the 
 Guildhall and Police Station, but before reaching 
 thcni we may turn off sharply to the left into Bread- 
 market Street, in which is St. Mary's Church. 
 This is the third church of the name upon the same site. 
 The present tower and spire were built on to the old 
 church in 1855, ""> memory of the late vicar, the Rev. H. 
 G. Lonsdale, and the church itself was built in 1870 in 
 memory of the late bishop Lonsdale. Here we pass 
 the " Three Crowns," .1 notable hostelry, much frc- 
 
THE TOUR OF THE CITY. 
 
 19 
 
 quented by Dr. Johnson, and so into the market-place 
 where on Fridays an open market is held, though that 
 same market has fallen from its past importance and is 
 now but a very retail affair as compared with times 
 past. Looking upon this Butter Market is the Corn 
 Exchange, a place of importance to the inhabitants of 
 Lichfield, but of small interest to sight-seers. Standing 
 in the open market is Johnson's Monument, eredted 
 to the memory of the great iJocftor in 1H38. Round the 
 pedestal are scenes from the life of Johnson, two of 
 them showing evidence of his youthful inhrniities, for 
 
 Minors' School. 
 
 in one he is being carried to school by his lustier 
 class-mates, and in the other he sits on his father's 
 shoulders to hear a preaching. Johnson's House is 
 just behind the statue and close by the Three Crowns, 
 Here Michael Johnson, the Doctor's father, carried on 
 his book-selling business, opening a stall in the market 
 on Fridays, and shifting that same stall to neighbouring 
 markets on other days of the week. Everyone knows 
 the story of Dr. Johnson's youthful disobedience, and 
 of his penance in maturer years when he stood bare- 
 
20 
 
 LICllFIliLD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 headed, in the rain. The disobedience was a refusal to 
 attend Uttoxetcr market with the book-stall, and it was 
 in Uttoxeter market-place that the penitential abase- 
 
 I'.lizaljuthan House in Bore Street. 
 
 ment was ^^one through, as is represented on One of the 
 panels of the moniunent. The Johnson house is but 
 
TTIF. TOl'R op TIIF CITV 
 
 21 
 
 H 
 
 0) 
 
 3 
 
 C 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 3 
 
 cr 
 n 
 
 s 
 
 •T3 
 o 
 o 
 
THE TOUR OF THE CITY. 23 
 
 little altered since the time of the bookseller — a slight 
 matter of chanpjed door-steps and step-rail and perhaps 
 of the framing of the windows — and any native will he 
 proud to point out the house (see page 57). 
 
 From the Market Place let us turn into Dam 
 Street, and along it until we nearly reach the Minster 
 l^ool, when we shall see over the door of one of the houses 
 on the right, the tablet testifying that on that spot 
 " fanatick Brooke " met his destiny, as is related in 
 the " Brief History" (sec page 13). On the opposite side 
 of the way we should not fail to notice the School of 
 Art, but I fear that it is hut scant attention we shall 
 give to such a modern institution, for we have caught 
 a near view of the fair Cathedral and of the trees of the 
 Close, and are but little minded for Art Schools. From 
 here it is but a step into the shady Close itself, across 
 the bridge and past the white-winged swans. But we 
 had better not make that step just yet. Let us rather 
 turn to the left, through the little iron wicket on this 
 side the Minster Pool and saunter along the bank to 
 the other end, admiring the tall graceful poplars and 
 the taller and even more graceful spires as they stand 
 out against the blue above, or are mirrored in the blue 
 beneath. Along this path are numberless pichiresque 
 arrangements of the taper spires, with changing fore- 
 grounds of green trees and red roofs, and one of the 
 prettiest of them is given in the frontispiece, " Minster 
 Spires." 
 
 At the other end of the pool walk we see the Free 
 Library and Museum, with the pool bridge for fore- 
 ground, and a pretty picture they make. The grounds 
 around the Museum were formerly an osier bed, and 
 still more anciently a part of the system of pools. The 
 Museum is open free daily from lo-o a.m. to 4-0 p.m. 
 and the reading rooiu from 9-0 a.m. to 9-0 p.m. In the 
 Museum are several minor Johnson relics, including the 
 shoe-buckles of the great doctor, and his table set, 
 consisting of a knife, a two-prong fork, and a spoon of 
 pot. There is likewise a shell that dropped into the 
 IMinster Pool during the Siege and that was fished out 
 recently, and sundry other relics of the time of war, 
 
24 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Leaving the Museum, turn to the left up Beacon 
 Street, and a few doors away, on the same side of the 
 street, we find the Old Women's Hospital or alms- 
 house. The inscription over the door states that 
 
 This Hospital for fifteen Women 
 was founded by 
 
 Tlios. Milky, D.D., 
 
 Canon Residentiary of the Cath. Church of Lichfield. 
 A.D. 1504. 
 
 A little further up Beacon Street, and still on the left 
 hand side, is a large white building known as the 
 White Hall. It is now a private residence, but at 
 one time it was a famous hostelry, called the Coach 
 and Horses, and a favourite rendezvous of Dick Turpin 
 and his highwaymen. The house was then kept by 
 Judith Jackson, who was famed as a beauty, and who 
 was also a powerful and unscrupulous woman, an 
 efficient ally of Turpin and his men. From the cellars 
 of the inn an underground passage ran some distance, 
 and was popularly believed to terminate at St. Chad's 
 Church. That it went so far is extremely unlikely, and 
 what was its object or termination will probably never 
 be known, for a few years ago the late owner of the 
 White Hall caused the portion under that hovise to be 
 filled up, and without having the passage explored 
 through its whole length. 
 
 Returning along Beacon Street turn to the left 
 nearly opposite the Museum, into the Cathedral Close, 
 noticmg as we do so a portion of the old Close Wall 
 that still exists. Once inside the Close we are tempted 
 to leave all minor matters and devote all our attention 
 to the Cathedral itself, but we should first notice the 
 curious old half-timbered houses of the Vicars' Close on 
 the west, th(; Theological College on the south, and the 
 
THE TOUR Ol" THE CITV. 
 
 25 
 
TMF TOITR OF THE CITY. 27 
 
 Bishop's Palace on the north, and the numerous resi- 
 dences that surround the quiet spot (see page 25). 
 
 Here we will break our Tour of the City to 
 examine thoroughly the exterior and interior of 
 the Cathedral (see Chap, iii., iv.), after which : — 
 
 Leaving the Minster Close at the south east corner 
 and walking a few yards towards Dam Street, we see on 
 the left the entrance to Stowe Pool Walk, which runs 
 along the side of the pool. Let us follow it eastward as 
 we are allowed to do. .\ footpath in the fields outside, 
 on the north of the Pool, will take us to the same spot if 
 for any reason the Pool walk is closed. A few hundred 
 yards along this fiekl path it is joined at right angles by 
 another path or lane, and close to the juniflion is all 
 that remains of "Johnson's Willow." Dr. Johnson 
 was very fond of this field walk, antl greatl)' admired a 
 fine willow tree that grew near this point. Whenever 
 he visited Lichfield he made a pilgrimage to the tree, 
 so that it became connedted with his name. In 1829 
 the original tree was blown down, but pious hands 
 planted son)e of its twigs, one of which grew to noble 
 size. In 1881 this second willow was destroyed by 
 storm, and all that now remains of it is a fragment of 
 the riven trunk, but again slips were planted, and no 
 doubt a few years more will see another gootlly Johnson 
 willow in the room of its ancestors. A few yards up 
 the lane that runs from the I'ool are some old cottages, 
 known as " The Parchment House," where Michael 
 Johnson started the manufac'^ure of parchment. 
 
 I previously mentioned that the water of Lichfield 
 was carried to Burton for brewing purposes. i-Vom the 
 Stowe Pool pipes are laid, not only to Burton, but also 
 to Wednesbury, Walsall, Tipton, and other places. 
 
 -At the end of the Stowe Pool we come out into a 
 road, at the opposite side of which is St. Chad's 
 Church (also calledStowe Church). The main part of 
 the building is supposed to date from a. p. 1300 — the 
 tower some fifty years later — and in the wall of the 
 north side of the tower may be seen traces of the exist- 
 ence of a two storey building known as St. Cliad's Cell. 
 Close to the church on the north is the Well of St. 
 
28 
 
 I.ICIIl-n- ! 1' VMi ITS rATllliDKAL. 
 
 Chad, of which so iiKiny miraculous stories used to be 
 tuld ; ami the water of which is still believed to have 
 great (jualities. 
 
 From St. Chad"s Church we may return along 
 Stowe Street on the oj^posite side of the Pool to that by 
 which we approached ; and bearing to the left up 
 George Lane, reach Green Hill, and so to St. 
 Michael's Church, and to its large churchyard, 
 covering some seven acres. At this church is to be 
 seen a venerable and interesting monument to William 
 
 St. Chad's Church. 
 
 de Walton, who died in the 14th century. It represents 
 him in the quaint costimie of the period. On Green 
 Hill is held the annual Gala, a degenerate survival of 
 the Militia review ol former da3s. As l^efits a city of 
 Lichfield's antifpiity, the {,^^la is kept up with great 
 entlinsiasm. 'i'housands of visitors Hock into the City, 
 the citizens display ilecoralicjns of garlands and bunting, 
 and there are all the usual preparations for a procession, 
 u feast and a lair, so that ^^ liil Monday is a merry, 
 busy da\'. 
 
Tin CATHF.DRAI. F.XTERIOR. 
 
 29 
 
 From photo In ] 
 
 Lichfieltl Calheilral. 
 
 (W. EtholWri Henry, C.E. 
 
TliH CATHEDRAL EXTERIOR. 3I 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 The Exterior. 
 
 DIMENSIONS.— 
 
 Total length (exterior) 403 feet. 
 
 Total length (interior) 370 feet. 
 
 Length of Nave 173 feet. 
 
 Breadth of Nave 65 ft. 6 in 
 
 Breadth of Transept 148 ft. 6 in. 
 
 Height of Vaulting 57 feet. 
 
 Height of Central Spire (from floor to top of cross) 268 ft. 6 in. 
 
 Height of West Spires (from the floor) 192 feet. 
 
 AS we enter the Cathedral Close from the west (see 
 page 27) we may well pause for a moment to 
 admire alike the noble proportions and the beauty of 
 detail and elaboration of the west front. The absolute 
 dates of the commencement and finishing of this 
 portion, as indeed of all the older portions of the 
 Cathedral, are unknown, but there seems good evidence 
 that the west front was in building from about 1280 to 
 1320 or thereabout, and that some portions lingered 
 uniinished and incomplete until the later part of the 
 14th century. .\ good deal of the aclual outer work, 
 as seen to-day, only dates from 1S20, when many of 
 the effigies and architectural details were restored in 
 Roman cement. The central window of decorated 
 work was put in in 1S69. 
 
 The names of the numerous statues that adorn 
 the niches may be of interest to many, and the little 
 numbered plan, used in connexion with the following 
 list, will enable the visitor to find them. The first 
 
32 
 
 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 seven numbers are rather difficult to trace, owing to 
 the smallness of tlie sketch, but No. i will be found 
 immediately over the central window, 2, 3 and 4 are to 
 the left of the top of the same window, and 5, 6 and 7 
 to the right. Then, descending to the ground, 8 is on 
 the north-west buttress and the numbers read straight 
 along to the end, resuming on the next higher tier. 
 
 1. Christ 
 
 2. Moses 
 
 3. Gabriel 
 
 4. Uriel 
 
 5. St. Michael 
 
 6. St. Raphael 
 
 7. Elijah 
 
 8. St. Cyprian 
 
 g. St. Bartholo- 
 mew 
 
 10. St. Simon 
 
 11. St. James the 
 
 Less 
 
 12. St. Thomas 
 
 13. St. I'hilip 
 
 14. St. Andrew 
 
 15. St, John 
 16. 
 
 17. St. Mary Mag- 
 dalene 
 
 iS. Madonna and 
 Child 
 
 19. Mary, wife of 
 Cleophas 
 
 20. 
 
 21. St. Peter 
 
 22. St. Paul 
 
 23. St. Matthew 
 
 24. St. James 
 
 25. St. Jude 
 
 26. St. Stephen 
 
 27. St. Clement 
 
 28. Si. Werburgha 
 
 29. Kdward the 
 
 Confessor 
 
 30. Canute 
 
 31. lldgar 
 
 32. Alfred the Great 
 33 Ethelred, King 
 
 of \Vesse.\ 
 54. Lthclbcrt 
 
 35. Ethelwulf 
 
 36. Egbert 
 
 37. Offa 
 
 38. Ethelred, King 
 
 of Mercia 
 
 39. Wulfhere 
 
 40. Peada 
 
 41. St. Chad 
 
 42. Richard II. 
 
 43. Edward III. 
 
 44. Edward II. 
 
 45. Edward I. 
 4G. Henry III. 
 
 47. John 
 
 48. "Richard I. 
 
 49. Henry II. 
 
 50. Stephen 
 
 51. Henry I. 
 
 52. William Rufus 
 
 53. William the 
 
 Conqueror 
 
 54- 
 
 55. St. Mark 
 
 56. (jueen Vidoria 
 
 57. bt. Luke 
 
 58. St. Uriel 
 
 59. Malachi 
 Go. Habakkuk 
 
 61. Obadiah 
 
 62. Daniel 
 
 63. Ezekiel 
 
 64. Joel 
 
 65. Micah 
 
 66. Haggai 
 
 67. St. Raphael 
 
 68. Bp. Clinton 
 
 69. Bp. Patteshull 
 
 70. Pp. I,aiigton 
 
 7'- 
 72. 
 
 73. Bp. Selwyn 
 
 74. Bp. Lonsdale 
 
 75. Bp. Hackett 
 
 76. St. Michael 
 
 77. Zephaniah 
 
 78. Jonah 
 
 79. Hosea 
 
 80. Isaiah 
 Si. Jeremiah 
 
 82. Amos 
 
 83. Nahum 
 
 84. Zechariah 
 
 85. St. Gabriel 
 
 86. Solomon 
 
 87. St. Helena 
 
 88. David 
 
 89. St. Kditha 
 
 90. Unknown 
 
 91- 
 
 92. Aaron 
 
 93. Samuel 
 
 94. Hannah 
 
 95. Unknown 
 
 96. Deborah 
 
 97. Rachel 
 
 98. Rebekah 
 
 99. Sarnli 
 100. Unknown 
 loi. Eve 
 
 102. Adam 
 
 103. -Abel 
 
 104. .\braham 
 
 105. Isaac 
 
 106. Jacob 
 
 107. Melchisedec 
 108 Enoch 
 
 109. Methuselah 
 
 no. Noah 
 
 111. Daniel 
 
 112. Job 
 
 113. Shem 
 
THE CATHF.DRAI, EXTF.RIOR. 
 
 33 
 
 Four only, of all this list, are the original old stone 
 figures that remain from before the Commonwealth. 
 They are Nos. 90, 91, 95, and 100. Almost every 
 one of the figures is accompanied by a personal 
 emblem, several of which, especially those conneifted 
 with the historical characters, are very interesting. 
 Full details, with historical notes on a few of the more 
 
 
 
 
 
 'ryrf 
 
 i'»-ff-:iLd 
 
 _ V. 
 
 obscure, will be found in a very useful " Hand Guide," 
 published by Mr. A. C. Lomax. and obtainable in the 
 Cathedral. 
 
 There are three elaborate door-ways in the west 
 front, of which the central is the most ornate. The 
 iron work on the upper part of the central doors is of 
 
 great age. 
 
 Passing round to the south of the Cathedral, the 
 
34 LICHFIKLD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 buildings of the College are in front of us, across the 
 green sward of the Close. The south door-way claims 
 attention. Over it are figures in Roman cement re- 
 presenting Christ in the centre, with St. Chad, St. 
 James, and St. John the Baptist on the one hand, and 
 the \'irgin Mary, St. Peter, and St. John on the other. 
 Near this door (No. 30 on plan) is an ancient tomb 
 of unknown date. On the west corner of the consis- 
 tory court is a hgure of St. Chad, and on the east 
 corner one of Godfrey de Bouillon, given a year or 
 two back by the lodge of Masonic Knights Templars, 
 that bears his name. Further along, on a buttress of 
 the choir, is an ancient unknown female figure, about 
 the preservation of which from the rage of the Par- 
 liamentarians, various theories are current. Passing 
 along to the Lady Chapel, we may notice three small 
 mortuary chapels, restored in memory of Bishop 
 Selwyn, the centre one of which is occupied with a 
 marble tomb to his memory. This we shall better 
 see from inside. The niches of the Lady Chapel are 
 filled with statues of female saints, namely :— Rebecca, 
 Elizabeth, Rachel, Phebe, Miriam, Lydia, Deborah, 
 Martha, Rizpah, Mary of Bethany, Naomi, and Dorcas, 
 all with distin(5live emblems. 
 
 Passing round to the north side, and round the 
 chapter house, we reach the north door, which, like the 
 rest of the Cathedral, is well worthy of examination in 
 detail. It dates from 1240, and was restored in 1881 
 in memory of the late Mrs. Bickersteth. From here 
 we may pass round again to the west front, and there 
 enter the Cathedral for an examination of the interior. 
 
THK CATHIiUKAL INTERKJR. 
 
 35 
 
 ^-- ♦ ^^^ 
 
 Plan ot Cdibedral. 
 
THE CATUKDKAL INTKRIOR. ' 3^ 
 
 chapti-:r i\'. 
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Interior. 
 
 LET us now enter the Cathedral by the west door, 
 and, standing at the end of the nave, endeavour 
 to fully appreciate the beauty and symmetry of the 
 noble building. It will at once be noticed that the 
 choir and Lady Chapel are not in dirccl line continuation 
 of the nave, in fac4, there is a difference of five feet 
 between the aclual centre of the end of the Lady Chapel 
 and the position it would have occupied if the centre 
 line of the nave had been direcftly continued. 
 
 The font (page 39) is a very beautiful piece of 
 work in alabaster, Caen stone, and choice marbles. 
 It was presented to the Cathedral by the Hon. Mrs. 
 Henry Howard, widow of the late Dean Howard, and 
 was originally intended to stand on two or tliree steps. 
 Lowering it to only one step somewhat detracts from 
 its beauty of proportion and causes it to look somewhat 
 scjuat. This is observable enough to anyone who sees 
 the font, though our illustration, owing to the necessity 
 of taking the photograph at close (juarters, gives an 
 exaggerated idea of the height. 
 
 In the north-west corner of the nave is a small 
 stained wintlow, representing the Presentation of Christ 
 in the Temple, and ereifled to the memory of Bishop 
 Lonsdale. On the left of this window is a memorial 
 tablet to Lady Mar)- \\'ortlr_\- Montagu, and on the 
 
38 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 right a tablet to the memory of Canon Seward, his wife, 
 and daughter Sarah, placed here by Ann Seward, the 
 poetess, for whom the following inscription was written 
 by Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 ANN SEWARD, 
 Died March 25th, i8og ; Aged 66. 
 
 By her order this monument is ereded to the Memory of 
 
 her Father, 
 
 The Kev. THOMAS SEWARD, MA, 
 
 Canon-Residentiary of this Cathedral, 
 Who Died March 4th, 1790; Aged 81. 
 
 Of her Mother, 
 
 ELIZABETH (his wife), 
 
 (Daughter of the Kev. John Hunter), 
 
 Who Died July 31st, 1780 ; Aged 66. 
 
 And of her Sister, 
 
 S.\RAH (their younger Daughter), 
 
 Who Died June 13th, 1764 ; Aged 20. 
 
 " Amid these aisles, where once his precepts shewed, 
 The Heaven-ward pathway which in life he trod. 
 This simple tablet marks a Father's bier, 
 .■\nd those he loved in life, in death, are near, 
 For him, for them, a daughter bade it rise. 
 Memorial of domestic charities. 
 Still would you know why o'er the marble spread, 
 In female grace the willow droops her head ? 
 Why on her branches silent and unstrung, 
 The minstrel harp is emblamatic hung? 
 What poet's voice lies smothered here in dust. 
 Till wak'd to join the chorus of the just' 
 Lo, one brief Ime an answer sad supplies, 
 Honour'd, belov'd, and mourn'd, here Seward lies. 
 Her worth, her warmth of heart, our sorrows say, 
 Go seek her genius in her living lay." 
 
 Passing along the north aisle of the nave, the third 
 window (marked 2 on plan) and the brasses beneath it 
 were placed by the 3Sth (Staffordshire) Regiment, in 
 memory of their comrades who fell in the Peninsula and 
 other campaigns. The colours which they bore in the 
 Peninsula ancl in the Crimea are himg at the sides of 
 the window. No. 3 is a window and brass to Canon 
 Madan and his wife and children ; the subje«5ls of the 
 window being Faith, Hope, an:l Chaiilv. 
 
THE CATHEDRAL INTF.RIOR. 
 
 39 
 
 The Ii>ni. 
 Photo by W. Eihellxrt llmrx. 
 
Till-: CATin;DKAL ISThRlOR. 4I 
 
 The pulpit, designed by Sir (jilbert Scott, ib a 
 handsome example of wronj^'ht metal work, enriched 
 with enamels, coloured marbles, and Derbyshire spars. 
 In front is a bronze group representing the scene when 
 Peter defended the Apostles against the charge of 
 drunkenness, at the time of the Pentecostal outpouring 
 of the Spirit. 
 
 The choir screen is another piece of wrought metal 
 work of great delicacy and beauty, enriched with carnc- 
 lian, onyx, and ivory. 
 
 Turning into the north transept, in the position 
 marked 4 on the plan we find part of an old monument 
 to Dean Heywode. It dates from the end of the 15th 
 century, and is the oldest but two of the known monu- 
 ments. On the other side of the door is a recent 
 monument, a recumbent figure of Archdeacon lies. 
 Over the north transept door is a marble to Dean 
 Woodhouse, above which, again until recently, was a 
 window given by Dean Woodhouse. At the time of 
 writing, this is being replaced by hve early ICnglish 
 lancet windows, the subjects of which have not yet 
 been decided. 
 
 The organ screen (6) is a light iron grill, erected 
 to the memory of the officers and men of the .Soth 
 Regiment who died in Zululand. The design consists 
 primarily of assegais and shields, tlie strapping of the 
 latter being represented by the names of the fallen 
 soldiers. 
 
 Passing into the north choir aisle, immetliately on 
 our right (10) is the keyboard of the organ, a magnificent 
 instrument recently built by Messrs. Mill & Son, of 
 York Road, London. It contains all the latest improve- 
 ments, with mechanism of the most modern character, 
 and is considered one of the most perfecl and effective 
 organs in the country. 
 
 Let us pass from the north choir aisle, through 
 the screen, into the presbytery and choir, where there is 
 an immense amount of beautiful iletail that ought to be 
 inspecfted under the guidance of a verger. The fine 
 wrought iron screens by which the presbytery is en- 
 closed are well worthy of notice. The pavement, of 
 u 
 
^2 LICHULLU AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Stone and marble mosaic, illustrates in circular com- 
 partments various scenes in the histor}- of Lichfield, 
 viz., Consecration of St. Chad ; St. Chad's journey to 
 Lichfield ; Removal of St. Chad's rehcs to the site of 
 Cathedral : and procession to the first service after the 
 Restoration. At the corners of the compartments are 
 represented the Cathedral's benefactors, namely:— ist 
 comp., Oswv, Diuma. W'ulfliere, Jaruman. 2nd comp., 
 Ethelred, Saxulf, Offa, Higbert. 3rd comp., King 
 Stephen, Bishop Clinton, Henry IIL, Langton. 4th 
 comp., Charles L, Bishop Hackett, Queen Viaoria, 
 Bishop Lonsdale. 
 
 The reredos is an exceptionally fine work in 
 alabaster, marbles and coloured stones. Almost the 
 whole of the material is the product of the diocese, and 
 the design is by Sir Gilbert Scott. The centre com- 
 partment represents the Ascension, and beneath is the 
 emblematical figure of the Lamb. At the sides are the 
 emblems of the four Evangelists, and the screen is 
 finished on both sides by open arcade-work in alabaster 
 and marble. 
 
 The sedilia on the south side of the altar are 
 canopied with richly-carved freestone, which is held to 
 have been originally the canopy of the old choir screen, 
 though it has been asserted that it was the canopy of 
 St. Chad's shrine. 
 
 The six pillars of the choir have each a carved 
 figure. The one nearest the nave on the north side 
 represents St. Peter, next the Virgin Mary, and next 
 Mary Magdalene ; on the south side are St. Philip, St. 
 James, and St. Christopher. The choir stalls are in 
 oak, beautifully carved by Mr. Evans, of Ellaston. 
 He was a cousin of George Eliot, and is supposed to 
 have been the original (jf " Seth " in Adam Bede. 
 
 Returning through the presbytery to the north 
 ( lioir aisle, we should notice the pillar opposite the 
 bishop's throne. One side of it is in the Early English 
 style (1200), and the other side in the late decorated, 
 showing where the junction was made when the Cathe- 
 dral was enlarged in 1325. Nearly opposite this, on the 
 north \sall, may be seen the depression from which one ol 
 
THi:. CATHEDRAL INTEKIOK. 43 
 
 the old brasses was torn away by the FarHamentarians. 
 
 Entering the vestibule of the Chapter house it is 
 interesting to notice the double arcade of pillars lining 
 the west side of the vestibule, the interior proportions 
 of which arc very efi'edtive when viewed from one end. 
 Some of the bosses of this arcade are very curious, for 
 instance, the first two represent respecftively squirrels 
 gnawing a nut, and a man's head with animals whisper- 
 ing into the ears. Many of these bosses have been 
 mutilated, which is the case all through the Cathedral. 
 The double door-way of the Chapter house is very fine, 
 a large arch of detached mouldings, between which the 
 space is filled with dog-tooth work, spans the two doors. 
 The foliated door-heads, and the rich capitals of the 
 side pillars combine to form a very perfedl piece of 
 work. 
 
 The Chapter house is an elongated o(5tagon, with a 
 fine vaulted roof springing from a central column with 
 elaborately worked capital. The room is surrounded 
 with an arcade of colunms, most of the bosses of which 
 have been restored, but the bosses on each side of the 
 principal seat are originals, and represent animals and 
 birds very curiously intermixed with foliage. Over the 
 door-way is an ancient and dilapidated fresco repre- 
 senting the Assumption, which has only recently been 
 discovered. 
 
 The library is immediately above the Chapter 
 house, which it resembles in general shape, with the 
 same style of central pillar and vaulting. But the 
 room is less loft}-, its decoration is plainer, and it has 
 no arcade. Yet to many people the library will be as 
 interesting as any part of the Cathedral ; for here, 
 reverentl}- and securely kept in glass-topped cases, are 
 a number of very ancient and valuable illuminated 
 books and smaller manuscripts. By far the most 
 important of these is the manuscript known as St. 
 Chad's Book, said to date trom the beginning of the 
 eighth century, and spoken of as the finest illuminated 
 version of the Gospels next to the Book of Kells. 
 There is an interesting collection of Bibles, including 
 many curiosities, such as the " treacle" and " breeches" 
 
44 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Bibles, and a number of books that formerly belonged 
 to celebrated Lichfield citizens. Amongst others is the 
 book which Dr. Johnson used as the basis for his 
 celebrated diclionar\-, and which is marked all through 
 with lines and notes. No. 1 1 is the altar-tomb of Bishop 
 Lonsdale; the statue by G. F. Watts, the painter; and 
 the tomb designed by Sir Gilbert Scott. 
 
 The next obje(fl of interest (No. 12) is the beautiful 
 white marble monument of Bishop Ryder, by Chantrey. 
 It is one of the sculptor's latest works, and the beauty 
 and iuuiiility of the pose, delicacy of the fiesh modelling, 
 and masterly arrangement of the drapery, all mark it 
 as an effort of the highest genius, though considered 
 inferior to the " sleeping children " which we shall 
 notice later, and which, as Chantrey's earliest notable 
 work, did much to make his name. It is only just to 
 the sculptor to state that the bisliop's monument was 
 originally raised higher than it is at present, and that 
 many people consider that lowering it was a mistake. 
 
 Here we stand in front of the beautiful Lady 
 Chapel, built in the early years of the fourteenth 
 century, by Walter de Langton, bishop of Lichfield 
 and Lord High Treasurer of England. As a specimen 
 of church architecflure it has seldom been equalled. 
 Two of Its windows are filled with the arms of Bishops, 
 Deans and other dignitaries, but the remaining seven 
 contain some very rich Flemish stained glass, which 
 was taken from the abbey of Herckenrode, near Liege, 
 in the beginning of the present century, to save it from 
 the depredating French. It was found and purchased 
 for "a mere song" by Sir IJrooke Boothby, in 1802, 
 and he generously turned it over to Lichfield Cathedral 
 for what it cost him. The dates in the glass itself are 
 from 1530 to 1540. Most of the subjedls are scriptural, 
 and will be recognised, l)ut amongst them are portraits 
 of St. liernard of Clairvaux, and his sister Humberline, 
 who founded the abbey of Herckenrode, and several 
 other saints and heroes famed in the Netherlands. 
 
 In the south wall of the Lady Chapel are three 
 mortuary chapels, in the centre one of which (No. 13) is 
 the monument of Bishop Sclwyn, in memory of whom 
 
THE CATHEDRAI. INTERIOR. 
 
 45 
 
 Hishop Kvjler. 
 I'lioio by \V Elhelb«Tt Henry. 
 
THE CATHEDRAL INTERIOR. 47 
 
 all three of these chapels were restored, in 1879. The 
 effigy of the missionary bishop is beautifully cut in 
 Derbyshire alabaster, and as seen from the Lady 
 Chapel, with the light falling across it from the window 
 niches in the outer wall, is most effecftive. The little 
 chapel is adorned with tiles and two frescoes, one 
 representing the bishop's work amongst the Maories.and 
 the other amongst the pitmen in England. 
 
 Chantrey's masterpiece. The Sleeping Children, 
 stands in the position marked 14 on plan. This re- 
 markable work was executed in 181 7 to the memory of 
 the children of the Rev. William Robinson, prebendary 
 of the Cathedral. Behind this monument is a piscina, 
 with an old fresco of the Crucifixion. 
 
 The south choir aisle, in which we now stand, is 
 particularly rich in objects of interest. Taking them 
 in order as we approach them, and as marked on the 
 plan, the first is No. 15, the remains of a semi-effigy of 
 Canon Strangeways. There arc two others of these 
 semi-effigies in the Cathedral. They consist of 
 separate sculptures of the head and the feet, with the 
 space between occupied by a shield or tablet with the 
 inscription. 16 is the tomb of John Hackett, bishop of 
 Lichfield from 1661 to 1671. No. 17, opposite, is an 
 altar-tomb to Dean Howard, and No. iS an altar- tomb 
 to Archdeacon Moore, both of which have fine marble 
 effigies designed by H. Armstead, R.A. 
 
 No. ig is a stained window to Bishop Rawie, the 
 subjects being : — The \'ision of St. Paul, Christ's 
 appeal to St. Peter, and Philip baptising the Ethiopian. 
 At 20 we find the door of the consistory court, which 
 ought to be entered, as being, perhaps, the oldest part 
 of the building, and certainly not the least interesting. 
 Its verv walls bear evidence to the frequent alterations 
 it has undergone. Into them are built portions of 
 arches that begin nowhere and finish nowhere. Walling 
 of different classes and periods, the head of a fire-place 
 built into one side, and many other marks all speak of 
 change. The original purpose of the room is uncertain, 
 but that it has served many purposes in its time cannot 
 be doubted. It is interesting to notice that some few 
 
48 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 portions of cannel coal remain in the floor, telling of the 
 old style of coal flooring. 
 
 Over the consistory court is a curious stone gallery, 
 usually spoken of as the Minstrels' Gallery, and sup- 
 posed by some to have been used for the exhibition ot 
 relics, which were stored in the Chapel of the Head of 
 St. Chad (now the muniment room) immediately behind 
 the gallery. The old treasury (see plan) is now a 
 general store-room, in which, by leave of the verger, we 
 may see some cannon balls, portions of bombs, and 
 other relics of the siege. 
 
 The two oldest monuments in the Cathedral (so 
 far as dates are known) are those marked 21 and 22, 
 with their marble effigies of Bishop Patteshull (died 
 1241J and Bishop Langton (died 1321) respecflively. 
 No. 24, opposite, is another very old altar-tomb, to the 
 memory of Sir John Stanley, who died in 1515. This 
 tomb has recently been considerably restored. Nos. 23 
 and 25 are the monuments of Archdeacon Hodson, and 
 of his warrior son, Major Hodson, of " Hodson's 
 Horse," who played a conspicuous part in the Indian 
 Mutiny, and whose shooting of the young princes at 
 Delhi was a prompt decisive ac^ which brought the 
 doer much reproacli, but saved a further nuitin}'. 
 Close to No. 25 is a medallion to Erasmus Darwin, 
 witi) the following inscription. 
 
 ERASMUS DARWIN, M.D., F.R.S., 
 
 Physician, Philosopher, and i'oet ; 
 
 Author of the " Zoonomia Botanic (larden " and other Works ; 
 
 A skilful observer of Nature ; 
 
 Vivid in imagination ; indefatigable in research ; 
 
 Original and far-sighted in his views ; 
 
 His speculations were mainly direded to problems which were 
 
 afterwards more successfully solved by his Grandson, 
 
 CHARLES DARWIN, 
 
 An inheritor of many of his Charaderistics, 
 
 He was Born A.D. 17 31, he resided in the city of Lichfield 
 
 from A.D. 1756 to A.D. 1781, 
 
 He Died A.D. 1802, and was Buried at Beardsall, Derbyshire. 
 
 His first Wife. 
 
 MARY. 
 
 Daughter of Charles Howard, lies Buried in the Close. 
 
THE CATHF.nRAI. INTF.RIOR 
 
 49 
 
 o 
 
 S re 
 
 * (T 
 
 < -■ 
 
 • a 
 
 I? 
 
 !? e. 
 ^ -1 
 
 (5 ■ 
 
 3 
 
THE CATHEDRAL INTERIOR. 5 1 
 
 Turning now into the south transept, we have, at 
 No. 26, a handsome memorial in the form of an 
 Egyptian tomb, to the 8oth (Staffordshire) Regiment, 
 above which liang colours captured from the Sihks, 
 while the regiment's own old colours hang on the wall 
 behind. 27 and 28 are the medallions to Dr. Samuel 
 Johnson and David Garrick. 
 
 The Friends of 
 
 SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.. 
 
 (A Native of Lichfield,) 
 
 Ereded this Monument, as a tribute of resped to the Memory 
 
 of a man of extensive learning, 
 
 A distinguished Moral Writer, and a Sincere Christian ; 
 
 He Died the 13th of December, 17S4 ; Aged 75 Years. 
 
 EVA MARLV, 
 
 Relia of 
 
 DAVID GARRICK, Esq., 
 
 Caused this Monument to be ereded to the Memory 
 
 ot her beloved Husband, 
 
 Who Died the 20th of January, 1779 ; Aged 63 Years. 
 
 He had not only the amiable ([ualities of private life, but such 
 
 astonishing dramatic talents as to well verify the 
 
 observations of his I'riend : 
 
 " His death eclipses the gaiety of nations, and impoverishes 
 
 the public stock of harmless pleasure." 
 
 And 29 is the monument to Admiral Sir W'm. Parker, 
 one of the most expensive mommients in the Catheilral, 
 liaving cost no less than ^1200. It is an altar-tomb, 
 with top of jasper from the Pyrenees, in which is laid a 
 gilt cross. The edges of the upper slab are studded 
 with lapis lazuli and other costly stones. This monu- 
 ment was erccled by Admiral Parkers naval followers 
 and other friends. Above it are some fragments of 
 the Flemish glass from Hcrckcnrode. 
 
 The south transept window is tilled with figures of 
 saints and evangelists, inchuiing botli Old Testament 
 and New Testament charaiflers. Of the numerous 
 otlier memorials in the south transept and its aisle I 
 need not speak in detail, but give the wording of one of 
 the most interesting. 
 
52 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of 
 
 JOHN SAVILLE, 
 
 48 Years Vicar-Choral of this Cathedral. 
 
 Died August 2nd, 1803; Aged 67. 
 
 •' Once in the heart, cold in yon narrow cell, 
 
 Did each mild grace, each ardent virtue dwell. 
 
 Kind aid, kind tears for others want and woe, 
 
 For others joy, the gratulating glow ; 
 
 And skill to mark, and eloquence to claim 
 
 For genius in each art, the palm of fame. 
 
 Ye choral walls, ye lost the matchless song • 
 
 When the last silence stiffen'd on that tongue. 
 
 Ah! who may now your pealing anthems raise 
 
 In soul-pour'd tones of fervent prayer and praise? 
 
 Saville, thy lips, twice on thy final day. 
 
 Here breath'd in health and hope the sacred lay ; 
 
 Short pangs, ere night, their fatal signal gave, 
 
 Quench'd the bright sun for thee, and op'd the gra%'e ! 
 
 Now, from that graceful form and beaming face, 
 
 Insatiate worms the lingering likeness chase, 
 
 But thy pure spirit fled from pains and fears 
 
 To sinless, changeless, everlasting spheres. 
 
 Sleep then, pale mortal frame, in yon' low shrine, 
 
 Till angels wake thee with a note like thine." 
 
 In the south aisle the first window (31) is a recent 
 one, to the memory of Helen, wife of Josiah Spode, 
 erected by Messrs. John Hardman & Co., of Birmingham. 
 Its desitjn was suggested by Mrs Spode's name, Helen. 
 In the dexter base compartment is the creation of the 
 trees. Sinister base, the tree of death ; centre light, 
 tree of life, the cross, above which is the brazen serpent, 
 — emblem of the crucifixion. Sinister group, St. 
 Helen holding the cross ; dexter group, Christ after 
 the resurrecftion liolding the cross-banner of vicftory. 
 Above are Saints (ieorge and Michael, slaying 
 dragons. No. 32 is a window and brasses to the 
 men of the 64th Regiment who died in the Indian 
 Mutiny, subject : David and Goliath. Nos. 33 and 36 
 are the remaining semi-effigies of which I previously 
 spoke, one of which is still well preserved. Over 
 33 is a window (subjecft : the three Graces) to the 
 memory of Isabella Stephen. No. 35 is a window to 
 the memory of Mary Muckleston, representing three 
 well-known scenes in the life of Jesus. Opposite t« 
 
THK CATHEDRAL INTERIOR. 53 
 
 this, on the floor (34), is a very handsome brass, placed 
 by the officers and men of the Staffordshire Yeomanry 
 Cavalry, to the memory of the late I'^arl of Lichfield. 
 At 37, in the south-west corner, is the window to Dean 
 Howard, the subjedls being St. Michael and the Dragon, 
 and St. Chad in the ac^t of Benedi(flion. 
 
 Over the west door (38) is a window to Canon 
 Hutchinson, representing the adoration of the Magi, 
 and figures of St. Michael, St. Joseph, and St. Mary. 
 
 Having finished our tour, we may well turn round 
 in the spot where we stood at the beginning, and 
 admire in this inconoclastic age, a noble monument to 
 the men who " builded a house for the Lord," delighting 
 to bestow their best treasure, their best labour, and 
 their best brains to make a fit habitation for the glory 
 of the Lord of Hosts. These men believed that labour 
 is prayer, and their sturdy faith, their self-denial, and 
 their noble perseverance, that built our English Cathe- 
 drals, are the same qualities that built the Englisli 
 nation and her Empire beyond the seas. Slay 
 England's sons the whole workl over, ever be such 
 men. 
 
54 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 LOCAL INFORMATION. 
 
 CATHEDRAL DIGNITARIES, etc. 
 
 Bishop :— Right Rev. the Hon. Augustus Legge, D.D. 
 
 Bishop Suffragan :— Right Rev. Sir Lovelace Tomlinson Stamer, 
 
 Bart., D.D. 
 Assistant Bishop :— Right Rev. Charles Henry Bromby, D.D. 
 Dean : — \try Rev. Edward Bickersteth, D.D. 
 
 Canons Residentiary: — Precentor: Rev. G. H. Curteis, M.A. 
 Chancellor: Rev. J. G. Lonsdale, M.A. Treasurer: Rev. 
 C. Bodington, .\.K.C. Rev. Christian Mortimer, M.A. 
 
 Principal of College and Divinity Lecturer:— Rev. Prebendary 
 Southwell, M.A. 
 
 Chapter Clerk :— C. Gresley, Esq. 
 
 Priest Yicars:— Rev. G. T. G. Hayward, M.A. ; Rev. E. Bradley, 
 M.A. ; Rev. D. Jones ; Rev. M. Hardy, M.A. 
 
 Archdeacons :— (Stafford). Ven. Melville Home Scott, M..\. 
 (Stoke). Ven. Ernald Lane, M.A. (Salop). Ven. Thomas 
 Bucknall Lloyd, M.A. 
 
 Bishop's Chaplains:— Rev. M. Mitchell Connor, M.A. ; Rev. 
 Anliur 11. I'.ilbot, M.A. 
 
 Bishop's Private Chaplain: — Rev. T. H. Foster, B.A. 
 
 Bishop's Secretary : K. R. Redmayne, Esq., B.A. ; LL.B. 
 
 Chancellor of the Diocese :— Hon. R. C. Herbert, M.A. 
 
 Registrar of the Diocese, and of the Archdeaconries of Stafford, 
 Stokc-on-Trcnt and Salop ; and Proctor to the Consistory 
 Court : lie. llodbon, Ls(j. 
 
LOCAL INFORMATION. 55 
 
 Organist: — J. B. Lott, Esq., Mus. Bac. Oxon. 
 
 Consulting Architect:—]. O. Scott, Esq. 
 
 Choristers' Master:— Mr. Hobley. 
 
 Librarian: — Rev. Canon Lonsdale. 
 
 Sub-Librarian :— Mr. S. Wood. 
 
 Principal Yergcr and Sub-Sacrist.:— Mr C. Harradine. 
 
 Second Yerger: — Mr. Thomas Grundy. 
 
 DIVINE SERVICES. 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 SUNDAYS. 
 
 Holy Communion at 8 a.m.; Matins |at 10-30. 
 Evensong at 4-0. 
 On the First and Third Sundays of every month there is 
 a Second Celebration of Holy Communion after Matins; ;and the 
 Litany is then deferred till 2-30 p.m. 
 
 WEEK-DAYS. 
 
 On and after Lady-Day till September 29th — Matins at lo-o. 
 On and after Mich.mclmas Day till March 25th— Matins at 
 10-30. Evensong at 4-0 throughout the year. 
 
 FESTIVALS. 
 
 On the Greater Festivals Holy Communion[at 8-0 am ; and 
 a Second Celebration after Matins. 
 
 On Saints' Days and on Thursdays Holy Communion at 
 8-0 a.m. ; excepting the first Thursday in each month, when it is 
 Celebrated after Matins. 
 
 St. Mary's Church, Bread Market Street.— All seats free. Ser- 
 vices : — Sunday, I i-o a.m. ; 3-15 p.m.; 6-30 p.m. Week- 
 days, 8-0 a.m. Wednesday, 7-30 p.m. 
 
 St. Chad's Church, Stowe. — Two hundred seats free. Services:— 
 Sunday, 10-45 am. ; 3-0 p.m. (in winter) ; 6-30 p.m. (in 
 summer). Services held in the Stowe School and in the 
 Beacon Street School during winter, 7-0 p.m. 
 
 St. Michael's Church, Green Hill —All seats free in evening. Ser- 
 \ ices Sunday, 8-0 a.m. (Holy Communion) , 10-45 a.m. . 
 vo p m. ; 6-30 p.m. ; Wednesday, 7-30 p m. 
 
 Christ Church,, Leomansley.—.\ll seats free. Services :— Sunday, 
 8-0 a.m. (Second Sunday, 7-30 a.m.) ; 11,0 a.m. ; 3-30 p m. 
 (Children's Service) ; 6-30 p.m. ; Week-days, 8-0 a.m. : 
 Wednesday and Friday, 7-30 p.m. ; Monday, Tuesday. 
 Thursdays, and Saturday. 6-30 p.m. 
 
56 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 St. Johns Chapel, St. John Street.— .\11 seats free. Services:— 
 Sunday, ii-o a.m. ; 6-30 p.m. ; Week-days, 9-0 a.m. 
 
 Church of the Holy Cross (R.C.), Upper St. John Street.— Ser- 
 vices — Sunday, ii-o a.m. ; 6-0 p.m. ; Week-days, 8-0 a.m. 
 The church is open till dusk daily. 
 
 Congregational, Wade Street —Services :— Sunday, ic-45 a.m. ; 
 6-jo p.m. ; Wednesday 7-30 p.m. 
 
 Wcsleyan. Tamworth Street.— Services ;— Sunday, 10-45 a.m. ; 
 1-0 p ni Tuesday, 7-0 p.m. 
 
 Primitive Methodist, George Lane.— Services :— Sunday, 10-45 
 a m. ; 3-0 p.m. ; 6-0 p.m. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Post Office, Bore Street. — Three deliveries daily in the City and 
 frefjuent collections for despatch. 
 
 Free Library and Museum, Beacon Street— Museum open on 
 week-days ii-o a m. to 4-0 p.m. Reading Room 9-0 a.m. 
 to g-o p m. Library. Monday and Thursday. 7-0 p.m. to 
 S-o p.m. 
 
 Museum and Recreation Grounds, Bird Street. — Open daily, 7-0 
 a m. to sunsut. 
 
 Victoria Swimming Baths, Walsall Rd. — Open from May to August. 
 
DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 57 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 As Dr. Johnson's personality towers so conspicuously above the 
 rest of Lichfield's many noted citizens, a brief outline of his 
 life will be appreciated by many. It is from the pen of Edward 
 Shakeshaft, Esq., an earnest student of all that is connected with 
 Lichfield's past : — 
 
 " The ancient city of Lichfield enjoys the pre-eminence of being 
 the birthplace of one of the most distinguished and one of the most 
 remarkable men of the iSlh century. 
 
 " Samuel Johnson was the elder son of Michael Johnson, a 
 bookseller of good repute, and a member of the Corporation ; his 
 mother, Sarah Ford, descended from the ancient family of Jervis, 
 residing at Fackwood in the county of Warwick, where she was 
 married to Michael Johnson, on June the igth, 1706. 
 
 " According to the register of the parish of Saint Mary, Lich- 
 field, Samuel, son of Michael Johnson, gentleman, was born on Sep- 
 tember 7th, 1709. The house in which he was born and where his 
 father resided is at the north-west corner of the Market Place. Dr. 
 Swinfen, a learned man and an eminent physician of Lichfield, and 
 Mr. Richard Wakefield, the worthy and charitable town clerk, were 
 his godfathers. 
 
 " He was nursed by a woman who lived in George Lane, whose 
 name was Marklew, alias Bellison, and was taught to read English 
 by Dame Oliver, a widow, in Dam Street, at the north corner of 
 Quonians Lane, who kept a school for small children. When 
 scarcely three years of age he was carried upon the shoulder of his 
 father to the Cathedral to hear the celebrated Dr. Sacheverell 
 preach. 
 
 " At an early age Johnson was taken to London by his mother 
 to receive the Royal touch of (,)ueen Anne for the scrofula which 
 had disfigured his face and impaired his eyesight. When very young 
 he gave proofs of uncommon genius 
 
 " At the age of ten he began to learn Latin under Mr. Hawkins, 
 who was second master of the Grammar bchool of Lichfield, and 
 was shortly afterwards placed under the care of the head-master, 
 E 
 
5^ 
 
 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 the Rev. John Hunter, M.A., to whom Johnson said in his later life 
 that he was deeply indebted. 
 
 " David Garrick, whose parents resided in Lichfield, was at the 
 age often also placed in the Grammar School, and thus became a 
 friend and schoolfellow of Johnson. Both Garrick and Johnson 
 were very kindly treated by Gilbert Walmesley, who then resided 
 at the Bishop's Palace and who was Registrar of the Ecclesiastical 
 Court, and the boys were frequent guests at his hospitable table. 
 
 Dr. Johnson's House. 
 
 • It was in the hall of the Palace that Garrick, when only eleven 
 years of age. assembled his little dramatic company, and with the 
 consent of his parents performed Farquhar's comedy, " The Re- 
 cruiting Officer." Young Garrick distributed the several characters 
 according to the merits of the performers, and prevailed on one of 
 his bisters to play the part of the Chambermaid. Sergeant Kite, 
 being a character of busy intrigue and bold humour, he chose for 
 
I)K. JOHNSON. 59 
 
 himself. Johnson, who was then in his teens, was invited by the 
 little manager to write a prologue Johnson remained at the 
 Grammar School until he was fifteen years of age, when he went to 
 reside with his uncle, Cornelius Ford, son of Dr. Joseph I'ord, a 
 physician in Warwickshire, and after remaining with him a short 
 time removed to Stourbridge (irammar School, where it is said that 
 he acted in the capacity of assistant master for a year, and thence 
 returned to Lichfield. 
 
 " During the following two years we have his personal authority 
 for saying that Johnson devoted his time to study. He says, 'I read 
 deeply, not works of mere amusement, but all literature, all ancient 
 masters, all manly.' In the year 1728 when he had attained his 
 19th year he entered as a commoner of Pembroke College, Oxford, 
 and Dr. Adams, the master, said of him that he was the best quali- 
 fied for the university that he had ever known. While at college he 
 was asked by his tutor, Mr. Jordan, to translate Pope's Messiah into 
 Latin verse as a Christmas exercise, which he did with such mar- 
 vellous rapidity and in such a masterly manner as to obtain great 
 praise for his work, and he was ever afterwards held in high esteem 
 not only by his college but by the whole university In consequence 
 of the unexpected insolvency of his father in 1731 he was 
 obliged to leave college at the end of three years without a degree, 
 and his father dying immediately afterwards left him without any 
 means. He immediately engaged himself as assistant in the school 
 of Market Bosworth, where he remained for a short time only, 
 when, at the invitation of his schoolfellow and friend. Mr. Hector, 
 he removed to Birmingham, and while there translated • A \'oyage 
 to Abyssinia ' by Lobo, from French into English for five guineas 
 for a publisher named Warren. While residing with his friend 
 Hector, Johnson had made the acquaintance of a Mr. Porter, a 
 mercer in Birmingham, whose widow he married in 1735. After his 
 marriage he rented a house near Lichfield called Ediall Hall. 
 
 " Johnson, in the Gentleman's Magazine for June and July, 1736. 
 announced as follows, ' At Ediall, near Lichfield in Staffordshire, 
 young gentlemen are boarded and taught the Latin and Greek 
 languages by Samuel Johnson.' 
 
 " David Garrick, then 18 years of age, became one of his pupils, 
 or more properly his friend and companion. 
 
 " The classic authors, howe\er, had no charms for Ciarrick, and 
 after a trial of six months Johnson grew tired of teaching three or 
 four scholars, and he and Garrick agreed to try their fortunes in 
 London. Before leaving Lichfield he had written three ads of 
 ' Irene,' and in the autumn he returned to Lichfield, where he had 
 left Mrs. Johnson, and finished the tragedy. Having remained in 
 Lichfield for three months he returned to London accompanied by 
 Mrs. Johnson. He always retained an affection for his native city. 
 and occasionally visited the scenes of his childhood with pleasure. 
 Johnson took rooms in Woodstock Street, near Hanover Square. 
 To The Gentleman's Magazine Johnson became a very fre<}uent and 
 welcome contributor until the great project had fully taken posses- 
 sion of his mind to write his dictionary. 
 
6o LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 " When the dictionary appeared in 1755 it was hailed with an 
 enthusiasm such as no similar work has excited, and it was then the 
 only one that could be read with pleasure. It formed a greater era 
 in the history of the English language than that of any other work, 
 and no other dictionary has had so much influence in fixing the 
 external form of the language and in ascertaining and settling the 
 meaning and proper use of words. 
 
 "Johnson completed the work in eight years and it is justly 
 regarded as one of the greatest literary achievements ever performed 
 by any man within the same space of time. A notice of the 
 dictionary appeared in The Gentlonaii's Magazine for April, 1755, 
 with the following note — ' Let no one attempt to withold what is 
 due to him, who alone has effected in eight years what the joint 
 labours of forty academicians could not produce in a neighbouring 
 nation in less than half a century.' 
 
 " Macauley has left his testimony on record that Johnson's 
 knowledge of the literary history of England since the Restoration 
 was unrivalled. Being asked by Boswell on one occasion by what 
 means he had acquired that knowledge of our language by which he 
 was able to realise a design of such extent and accumulated diffi- 
 culty, Johnson replied that it was not the effect of particular study 
 but that it had grown in his mind insensibly. 
 
 " He was the first to introduce the method of illustrating the 
 different meanings of words by examples from the best writers, and 
 his dictionary has been from its first publication far more than any 
 other regarded as a standard for the language. 
 
 " Owing to the admirable plan of giving passages from the 
 writers cited as authorities for each word, examples are quoted 
 from the Old and New Testament, from divines, philosophers, and 
 poets, and are so skilfully selected that a leisure hour may be always 
 agreeably spent in turning over the pages. 
 
 " The admirable little volume of octavo size fails to give the 
 faintest idea of the immense labour and research which were neces- 
 sary to produce it, but if the reader refers to the folio editions he 
 will be struck with amazement at this stupendous achievement of 
 Johnson. His dictionary has been a most valuable legacy to his 
 country. 
 
 " Never since literature became a calling in England had it been 
 less remunerative than when Johnson dedicated the plan of his dic- 
 tionary to Lord Chesterfield in the year 1747. During the reigns of 
 William 3rd, of Anne, and of George ist, successful writers were 
 rewarded by private munificence or by public situations, but such 
 patronage was now at an end ; readers were few and authors, what- 
 ever were their talents or industry, had great difficulty in keeping 
 a shilling in their pockets. Johnson with gloomy prospects seta 
 stout heart to a steep hill and addressed himself in good earnest to 
 the self-imposed task for which his comprehensive knowledge 
 eminently (jualified him 
 
 " At his residence in Gough Squarejohnson had an upper room 
 fitted up like a counting house in which six copyists sat whom he sup- 
 
DR. JOHNSON. 6l 
 
 plied with continued employment, keeping them all constantly under 
 his eye. When it is remembered that Johnson was supposed to have 
 an antipathy to the North Britisher it seems somewhat remarkable to 
 find him selecting no less than five Scotchmen out of the six 
 who were engaged as amanuenses in the compilation of the dic- 
 tionary. 
 
 iohnson had entered into an agreement with Dodsley to pro- 
 e gigantic work and prepare it for the press for the sum of 
 ;^i575 within three years, but it did not appear until the eighth 
 year, and the money which Dodsley had agreed to pay him had 
 been advanced and spent before the last sheet issued from the press 
 
 in 1755- 
 
 "The industry of Johnson at this period of his life was 
 unceasing, and many other very important publications emanated 
 from his pen during the time his dictionary was in progress. 
 
 " For several years he published political pamphlets, and it 
 may be recorded here as an historical fact that not only were the 
 parliamentary debates which Johnson reported and which Cave 
 printed accessible to English readers, but they were printed in the 
 German journals and despatched as senatorial displays to every 
 village throughout Germany. 
 
 " Though poverty made him a pensioner and a ministerial 
 partisan Johnson had great independence of character, and his 
 political opinions are to be attributed to disinterested conviction, 
 and were in perfect harmony with his general spirit. 
 
 " He found leisure in 1754 to make an excursion to Oxford to 
 consult its libraries, and this was his first emancipation from labour; 
 he, however, soon returned to London to increase the number of 
 essays and reviews which flowed continually from his pen. 
 
 " Johnson was now 53 years of age and when thus occupied the 
 offer of a living was made to him if he would take orders , he, how- 
 ever, rejected the offer and continued to write for his bread. In 
 1755 he obtained the degree of MA. of Oxford by diploma. In 
 1765 the degree of Dodor of Laws was conferred upon him by 
 Trinity College, Dublin, but Johnson did not assume the title until 
 the year 1775 when the University conferred upon him the same 
 degree by diploma. 
 
 " Johnson from his early life looked upon the drama with mani- 
 fest approval as a legitimate means of public instruction : as a 
 dramatic author, however, he did not succeed ; his tragedy of 
 " Irene," produced at Drury Lane Theatre, proving a signal failure, 
 notwithstanding his friend Gilbert Walmesley's prediction that he 
 would turn out a fine tragedy writer. 
 
 " It was on this memorable occasion that he appeared behind 
 the scenes and in one of tlie side boxes in a scarlet waistcoat with 
 rich gold lace and a gold lace hat ! The celebrated preface to his 
 edition of Shakespeare published in 1765 in S vols, with notes, and 
 the prologue to the Merchant of \'enice are still held to be two of 
 the finest compositions of Johnson. 
 
 " |t was in the following year that his delightful friendship com- 
 
62 LICHFIELD AXD ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 menced with the Thrales, at Streatham Park, which, in consequence 
 of Johnson having taken up his residence there, soon became the 
 head quarters of literary society. 
 
 " The wits and notables of the day assembled here and the 
 members of the Literary Club, founded in 1764, accepted this as 
 their rendezvous, including Goldsmith, Reynolds, Burke, Gibbon, 
 Jones, Garrick, Bennet Langton, and Topham Beauclerc. 
 
 " With all the charms of her sex it was in this refined society 
 that Mrs. Thrale, afterwards Biozzi, reigned supreme. It was here 
 that Johnson uttered those thoughts that were more memorable in 
 the minds of his contemporaries than anything that he had ever 
 written ; and the bright table talk of the celebrities of both sexes 
 who assembled here is still preserved, and provides a delicious feast 
 for all readers and all thinkers. 
 
 " The laboratory at the Streatham retreat also proved a source 
 of great pleasure to Johnson and served to divert his mind from his 
 growing infirmities and his constitutional hypochondria. 
 
 " In the year 1778 Johnson commenced his ' Lives of the Poets,' 
 which are justly celebrated as the work of a mind ripe with the 
 gathered wisdom of a long and well-spent life now appearing to his 
 nearest friends to be drawing rapidly to its close, and asthma and 
 dropsy after his return to London became very distressful. In the 
 year 1779 Johnson, then 71 years of age, attended the funeral of 
 Garrick at Westminster Abbey. When at his residence at Bolt 
 Court he was seized with paralysis on June 17th, 1783, which 
 deprived him of speech, and after a prolonged illness and much 
 suffering he died in the following year on the 13th of December in 
 his 76th year, leaving Sir Joshua Reynolds, one of his executors, to 
 whom he bequeathed his own corrected folio copy of his dictionary. A 
 closing tribute of regard to the memory of the honoured dead may 
 be well expressed in the language of Goethe. 
 
 The spot whereon a Kteat man treads is lial lowed. 
 And as;es after him his words and deeds 
 Live in the grateful memory of the world " 
 
lARTICLESf 
 
 Por the Delivering Up of ^ 
 
 Lichfield - Clofe I 
 
 Oa Thurfdaj the 16. of this inflant J u l Y. ^p 
 Together wich 
 
 A L I s T ©f the Commanders, Of- 
 ficers , and Gentlemen of Quality that 
 were in the Clofcai chc Surrender thereof. 
 
 ALSO AN ^ 
 
 INFORMATIO N® 
 
 OfoncH^wryStonf, concerning (bmepn- X 
 
 vice Dtfcowrfc between him itid Sir Tho: TtU^Jl;. 
 
 All which were fenc in a L e t t e r to the Honorable 
 Vy fLCiAM Lenthal Elq , 
 
 ORdered by the Cemmcns M^tmkUd »n ParlUmemt, Thdt 
 theft Articles, Latter, U&dnd laformatien he forthwith 
 Trtnred and Pnhlilbed. 
 
 H: Elfyngf, Cler. Pari. D. Com, 
 
 London^ Printed for Edvvard Huihand. Printer tothcHo- 
 oorable Houfe of Commons. Julj 18. 1646. ^ 
 
To the Honourable 
 
 WILLIAM LENTHAL, Efq; 
 
 Speaker to the Honourable Houfe of 
 COMMONS. 
 
 Honourable Sir, 
 
 IT hath pleafed God after a long Siege, to deliver thisltrong hold 
 into our hands : there hath not been any Omiffion of our 
 utmoft endeavours to have expedited this work fooner : wherein 
 the Care, Courage and Induftry of Adjutant General Lo»^/iw« hath 
 been very helpful to us. But the ftrength of the place, both in 
 fortifications, in Provifions of men, Armes, and all other refpeds is 
 fuch, That it was not poffible for us, either by Battery, Mines or 
 Affault, to have reduced it, fo that we were neceftarily enforced to 
 make tryal of this way by Compofition to take it in : The Enemy 
 hath long perfifted to make very high Demands (as the bearer 
 hereof can inform you) but at Lift their knowledge of their own 
 hopeleffe condition, and of our refolutions not to hearken to large 
 terms, hath enclined them to furrender upon the Articles here 
 inclofed ; which we have made bold abfolutely to conclude upon, 
 in regard there is nothing (as we conceive) contrary to any 
 Ordinance of Parliament, nor any way prejudicial to your fervice, 
 or difhonourable to be yeelded unto (in our judgements ) We are 
 now in very great ftraits how to fatisfie the Forces that have aflifted 
 us, which are about Two thoufand, fo as they may return to their 
 refpedtive Counties without fpoiling this Countrey, which is not 
 able to pay them. We hear of moneys which you have been 
 pleafed to afligno us out of the Excife, at the firft return of thefe 
 Forces from the Defeat of Sir Jacob Astley ; and fince out of Lands 
 of Sir linbert Wolfeley and Mafter Warner: but neither of thefe 
 afford us any prefent supply ; which the Souldiers muft have, or 
 they will preffe this County above what it is able to bear. We 
 have entred into very great Debts for the carrying on this fervice 
 hitherto ; and we have now treated with the feveral Forces, to 
 underftand what prefent moneys will content them ; and they have 
 agreed to march off to their own Counties upon the receipt of a 
 
months pay, which amounts to Three thoufand pounds. Therefore 
 for the prefervation of our County, and for the fatisfacftion of those 
 who deferve more then they demand (if it were in our power to 
 give them) we have (notwithftanding our former engagements) 
 taken this Debt upon us, and have given them afTurance to their 
 content to pay it them in fhort time. We do therefore make it our 
 humble fuit, that the Honourable Houfe will pleafe to make the 
 former ways you have been pleafed to think of for our repayment, 
 effedlual, for our fpeedie difcharge of thofe great Debts we are 
 forced to undertake for your fervice. What further particulars the 
 Houfe defires concerning this fervice, this bearer, who hath been 
 prefent in the fervice, and at the Surrender, is able fully to impart. 
 For the condition of this County and Forces thereof, we take leave 
 to refer you to another Letter here inclofed ; humbly deftring it 
 may be read : whereby we fhall be obliged to remain 
 
 Lichfield-Clofc, Your moft humble and 
 
 jfuly 14. 1646. moft faithful fervants. 
 
 E. Mainii'aring. 
 
 Phil. Jackfons. Hen. Stone. 
 
 Edir. Broughton. 
 
 Leicefter Baiinture. Jofeph Whitthalgh. 
 
 Will. Bendy. Jo. Simcox. 
 
 Articles Concludt'd and Agreed 
 
 upon the 10 day of July, 1646, betueen Walter Lord 
 Atton, Siy John Pate, Sir Jervas Lucas Baronets, Sir 
 Richard Dyot Knif^ht, and Captain Tho: Cilatier, Com- 
 mijffioncys named by Sir Tho: Tildefiy Knight, Deputy 
 Governor to the Right Honorable the Lord Aftley, Gover- 
 nor of the Garifon in the Clofe of Lichfield, and Colonel 
 Harvy Bagot his Afiftant, upon the one part: And 
 Edward Manwaring Efq, High Sheriff of the County of 
 Staftord, Lieut. Colonel Gilbert Gerrard, Major Owen 
 Cambridge, Captain Henry Stone, and Captain Henry 
 Slade, Commiffioners named by Adjutant General Louthian, 
 upon the other part ; for and concerning the Surrender of 
 the faid Garifon and Clofe of Lichfield unto the faid 
 Adjutant General, for the ufe of the Parliament , as aforefaid. 
 
 I. 'T^Hat becaufe the faid Sir Tho: Tildefiy and Col: B.io' are 
 
 J. fatislied by the Information of Col: Hudton, who having 
 
 lately gone out of that Garifon, was permitted by the faid .\djutant 
 
 General Louthiitii to come in again, That the King hath no .\rmy 
 
in the field to the Number of Two hundred men, nor any one 
 Garifon unbefieged, It is therefore agreed, That the faid Garifon of 
 the Clofe of Lichfield, and ail places of Defence whatfoever about it, 
 with all the Ordnance, Arms, Ammunition, Provifions for War, 
 with all Magazines and Stores thereto belonging, and all maner of 
 goods whatfoever within the faid Garifon (excepting what is allowed 
 in the enfuing Articles) fhall be delivered to the faid Adjutant 
 General Loiithtan, or to whom he fhall appoint to receive the fame 
 for the ufe of the Parliament, without any fpoil or imbezzlement, 
 upon Thurfday the if), day of this inftant July, before Eleven of 
 the Clock in the morning. * 
 
 2. That the faid Sir Tho: Tildeth and Col: Bagot, with all other 
 Colonels, Oflicersand Soldiers, both of Horfe and Foot, fhall march 
 out Armed, Soldier like, in fuch fort as when they march towards 
 an P2nemy, upon the faid i6. day of July, before the aforefaid hour 
 of Eleven, unto fuch place, at the end of Bacon-ftreet, as the faid 
 Sir Tito: TiUhjly and Adjutant General Louthian fhall appoint, and 
 there draw up into one Body of Foot, and one Body of Horfe ; and 
 all and every of them (except fuch as are allowed Horfes and Arms 
 by vertue of thefe enfuing Articles) thall then and there lay down 
 their Arms and from them depart according to their feveral Paffes. 
 
 3. That the faid Sir Tho: Tildefly and Col: Bm^ot, with field 
 Officers, Lords, Baronets, Knights, Captains and Cjsntlemen of 
 quality, to the number of thirty eight more, fhall march forth of 
 the faid Clofe of Lichfield, with fourty Horfes, and fourty Cafe of 
 Piftols, and their Swords, and the refidue of the Officers (reformed 
 as well as others) with their Swords only ; and all them with their 
 wearing Apparel, of what fort foever, together with their Charters, 
 Evidences and Writings, concerning their Eftates, Dignities or 
 Profeffions : And the faid Sir Tho: 'Tildefly, Col: ILirvy Busot, fhall 
 each of them have liberty to carry out twenty pounds apiece, the 
 Lord Afton twenty pounds, and all Colonels ten pounds apiece, the 
 Baronets, Knights-, and Lieutenant Colonels five pounds apiece, 
 and all other Gentlemen, Clergy-men and Officers, not formerly in 
 this Article comprized, three pounds apiece. 
 
 4. That all perfons that were Inhabitants in the Clofe before 
 thefe Wars (as well Members of the Cathedral Church as others) 
 and all Townfmen and Citizens of Lichfield, now in the Clofe, fhall 
 have liberty to carry all their goods to their own houfes, or to the 
 Houfes of their Friends, the faid goods being firft Apprized by 
 fuch as fhall be appointed by the Committee of Parliament for this 
 County, to take an Inventory of them ; and the Owners giving 
 fufficient fecurity to the faid Committee, to be refponiible for them 
 according to the Ordinances of Parliament : And if any of the faid 
 Townfmen or Citizens, or any other the prefent Inhabitants of the 
 faid Close, defire to remain there, with their Families and Goods 
 aforefaid, it fhall be in the power of the faid Committee to fuffer to 
 many of them fo to do, as they fhall think fit. 
 
 5. That the above-named perfons, as well fuch as are excepted 
 
from Compofition (if any fuch be as others, fhall have free PafTes 
 to march to their feveral places of abode (not interrupting the 
 prefent Occupants thereof) or elfewhere within the Kingdom of 
 England (except to the place of His Majefties prefent abode) there 
 to abide ; As also to paffe to and fro upon their occafif)ns quietly 
 and free from moleftation, for the fpace of three Moncths, next 
 after the day of the Surrender of the faid (Mofe, engaging themselves 
 by promife, that in the Interim they will not adt any thing pre- 
 judicial to the Parliament or Kingdom : And in cafe they do not 
 make their Compofition with the I'arliament, before the end of the 
 faid three moneths, then they to have fafe Paffes (if they defire it) 
 to any Port Town, to be Tranfported out of the Kingdom, ingaging 
 themselves not to take up Arms againft the Parliament. 
 
 6. That all Inferior Ofiicers and Soldiers, and all other perfons 
 of what fort foever, within the faid Garifon, not comprized in the 
 former Articles (excepting nil Irifh Rebels) who were in Arms 
 againft the Proteftants in hclaitd, and are to become Prifoners) 
 fhall have free paffe, without moleftation, to march to their feveral 
 places of dwelling or to their I'riends, and there to have liberty to 
 abide, and protedion from time to time, conforming themfelves to 
 all Ordinances of Parliament : And that fo many of the faid Ofhcers 
 and Soldiers as defire to go beyond the Seas, fhall have fafe Paffes 
 to what Port they fhall nominate for Tranfportalion, and free 
 Quarter, as well in their march home, as to the place of tranfporta- 
 tion, if they fo refolve, within one month after the day of the 
 furrender of the faid Clofe. 
 
 7. That all Ladies, Gentlewomen, and all other women whatfo- 
 ever within the faid Garifon, fhall have free liberty to go to their 
 feveral places of abode, or to their friends, or elfewhere, with all 
 their wearing apparel whatfoever, and two fuits of Bed-linen 
 apiece ; and there to remain, and be proteded from violence or 
 plunder of Souldiers, doing nothing prejudicial to the Parliament. 
 
 S. That all the perfons comprehended in thefe Articles who 
 are unable, by reafon of any ficknefle or wounds, to march at the 
 time atorefaid forth of the faid Clofe, fhall be allowed to remain 
 there till their recovery ; and then to have the benefit of these 
 Articles according to their refpedtive qualities ; and provifion in 
 the mean time to be made for fuch of them as are in want. 
 
 9. That all Writings, Evidences and Charters belonging to 
 the Cathedral, as alfo the Library there, fhall be preferved and 
 kept together in the Clofe until the Parliament fhall otherwife 
 order : and that it fhall be lawful for every Minifter and other 
 perfon in the Clofe (not formerly comprifed in this Capitulation) 
 to carry along with them their Notes and Writing-books ; but their 
 printed books are to be compounded for, being firft viewed and 
 appraifed by fuch as the Committee of this County fhall think fit. 
 
 10. That if any Souldier or other perfon within the faid 
 Garifon, fhall ignorantly, fraudulently or otherwife break any of 
 thefe Articles, the oflender onely to be punifhed therefore, and 
 
others not to be prejudiced by his offence, unless they were there- 
 unto confenting, or fhall refufe (being requefted) to do their best 
 endeavours tor his apprehenfion. 
 
 Subfcribed, 
 
 Edii>. 
 Gil. ( 
 Rich. Diof, &c. Hen. Stone. 
 
 Walter Afton. Edw. Mainwaring. 
 
 Gervas Lucas. Gil. Gerard. 
 
 A Lift of the Commanders, Of- 
 ficers, and Gentlemen of quality 
 that were in the Clofe oi Lich- 
 field at the Surrender 
 thereof. 
 
 COllonel Sir Thomas Tildefly Knight, Deputy Governour to 
 the Lord Aftily. 
 Collonel Harvey Bagot, his affiftant. 
 Collonell Sir Gervas Lucas Barronet. 
 Collonel Ralph Snead. 
 Collonell Rowland Eyre. 
 Collonel William Hudfon. 
 
 Commifhoners of Array. 
 
 Walter Lord Afhton. 
 Sir Hervy Bagot Baronet. 
 Sir Robert Wolfley Baronet. 
 Sir Richard Diot Knight. 
 Sir Thomas Lee Knight. 
 Sir John Pate Baronet. 
 
 Livetenant Collonels. 
 
 Livetenant Collonel Godard Pemberton. 
 Livetenant Collonel lames Amberton. 
 
 Majors 
 
 Major Rich : Latham. Major Standifh. 
 
 Major Orde. Major Weftby. 
 
 Major Hardy. Major Holden. 
 
 Major Bywater. Major Lowicke, 
 
Capti 
 
 aines 
 
 Capt; Tho: Glafier. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Pinkeath 
 
 Capt : Baddely. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Feilding. 
 
 Capt : Turnepenny. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Wil Shereburne 
 
 Capt; Dier. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Fitzherbert. 
 
 Capt; Colfhire. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Wil. Ridgley. 
 
 Capt: Hurling. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Davinport. 
 
 Capt ; P'rancis Collier. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Ilfley. 
 
 Capt: lohnfon. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Hopperton. 
 
 Capt: Startin. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Culcheth. 
 
 Capt: Ebbill. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Bulmer 
 
 Capt: Benett. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Broome. 
 
 Capt : Morrell. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Tho: Hardy. 
 
 Capt: Weftby. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Brailsford. 
 
 Capt: Sherborne. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Bagfhaw. 
 
 Capt : Luburne. 
 
 Capt 
 
 Crofts. 
 
 Capt : Maffey. 
 
 31. Captains. 
 
 Live ft 
 
 'nanis 
 
 Lt: Eaft. 
 
 Lt : Walmfley. 
 
 Lt: Robinfon. 
 
 Lt: Holden. 
 
 Lt : Blinckhorne. 
 
 Lt: Moffique. 
 
 Lt : Cripling. 
 
 Lt: Swinglehurft. 
 
 Lt : Brewfter. 
 
 Lt: Redfhaw. 
 
 Lt: Cutler. 
 
 Lt : Trevors. 
 
 Lt: Ironmonger. 
 
 Lt : Roades. 
 
 Lt : Crefwell. 
 
 15. Livetenants. 
 
 Cor 
 
 nets 
 
 Cor: Harrifon. 
 
 Cor: Anderton. 
 
 Cor: Pafchall. 
 
 Cor: Mad 'as. 
 
 Cor: Cave. 
 
 Cor: Haly 
 
 Cor: Key. 
 
 Cor: Crawley. 
 
 Enfignes 
 
 8 Cornets. 
 
 En : Bakewell. 
 
 En: Dorington. 
 
 En: Kirk. 
 
 En : Hewis. 
 
 En: Fofter. 
 
 En: Nelfon. 
 
 En: Clarck. 
 
 En: Wiatt. 
 
 En : Buckeridge. 
 
 9. Er 
 
 fignes. 
 
 Gentlemen of quality. 
 
 Phillip Droycot. WalUr FouUr. Hen. Skipuith. Charles Wolsfley. Riekari 
 Crefwell. Francis. Grofvenor, Fulke Grofvenor, William Greene. Franets 
 Fifhcr, Ken. Anhbold, Robert CrdnUy, Francis Ccllitr. Ichn Hill. 
 IVol/loH Dixy, George Warner, and Tho: Page!. Efquires 
 Doctor Littleton .-Advocate. Doctor Hinton. 
 
Row. Frith, Manlcy Cherknock, & leff. Glafier, gent. Mat. Smalewood, 
 Cler. Mr. Huxley Cler. Mr. Arnold, Doctor Higgens. 21. Efquires and 
 Gentlemen. 
 
 Magi/trates 0/ tJie City 0/ Lichfield. 
 
 Mr. llalfe, Mr. Simon Hill, Mr. Baker, Mr. Dawes, Mr. Vnitt. 
 
 Common ^ouldiers about 700. 
 
 Armes taken in the clofe. 
 800. Musketts. 100. Cafe of Piftolls. 
 
 The Information of 
 Henry Stone. 
 
 I Having fome private difcourfe with^Sir Tho : Tildefly, 
 about a week before the Surrender of the Garrifon, 
 he told me he had an order from the King, that when 
 hee heard O.vford, was furrendred, he fhould make his 
 Conditions for the furrender of the Clofe, and referve his 
 Forces in their feveral! Counties as privately as might 
 be, till there were an opportunity. 
 
 He farther faid, that the Parliament fhould have all 
 the Garrifons, but when we thought all was our owne, 
 wee fhould fee a force which would cut our throats : 
 and this would be done before the next Spring. 
 
 He alfo faid, the King he thought would come to 
 London, and fpeak you faire, and feem to comply, but 
 he will not fit downe fo, but take his advantage when 
 time ferves, and fo would he and many more. 
 
 Thefe words, or to this effe<5t, being delivered to me, 
 I thought it my duty to declare it. 
 Inly 16. 1646. Hen. Stone. 
 
 FINIS, 
 
Advts. 
 
 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Awarded Ist Order of Merit and Gold Medal, Melbounu Exhibition. 18S8. 
 
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 in Metal, Wood, Stone, and Textile Fabrics. 
 
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 MANUFACTURERS OP THE 
 
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 Catalogue containing 1,400 Woodcuts and Estimates. 
 
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 Boquets, Wreaths and Crosses on the 
 Shortest Notice. 
 
 FRUIT AND VEGETABLES 
 
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 MuralDecorators . 
 Ctipra'Uf rj8^ of Memorial Brasses^. 
 
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 FOR CIGARS OF THE CHOICEST BRANDS 
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LICHFIELD AN D ITS CATHEDRAL. AdvtS. 
 
 CYCLES. CYCLES, CYCLES, 
 
 JOHN LESTER, 
 
 Cycle Manufacturer, 
 
 Cycle Depot, Tamwortli St, LICHFIELD. 
 
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 kinds of Repairs promptly executed 
 
 at reasonable prices. 
 
 BEST WORKMANSHIP GUARANTEED. 
 
 Every description of Accessories always in stock. 
 
 Machines on Hire by the Hour, Day, or W^eek. 
 
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AdvtS. LICHFIF.I.D AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
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 CLOSE TO CITY STATION. 
 
 ISITORS to Lichfield will find Good Accommoda- 
 tion at Reasonable Charges. Refreshments 
 provided for Large or Small Parties. 
 
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 SPECIAL ACCOMMODATION FOR CYCLISTS. 
 
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 BRAKES Run to WHITTING HEATH BARRACKS Daily 
 
 :\t l-:50 |>.iii. Ac l>-0 i> 111 
 
 ^^"ti^e^^D^^R^^s MARKET ST/r LICHFIELD. 
 
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 Upholsterers, Undertakers, &c. 
 
 25, BIRD ST., LICHFIELD. 
 
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 on the shortest notice. 
 
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 CHURCH FURNISHING— 
 Matting, Kneels, Hassocks, Seating, supplied or Re-covered- 
 
AdvtS. LICHFIF.LD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 JAMES HARDINC, 
 
 garness, Collar &ittill-l)and ffl aker 
 
 FURNITURE 
 
 CAREFULLY 
 
 REMO VEI) 
 
 AND 
 
 STORED 
 
 on reasonat^l:^ 
 
 TERMS. 
 
 HORSES BROKEN TO DOUBLE & SINGLE HARNESS, 
 
 AND TO RIDE. 
 
 M^&bing anD jfunenil CCairiajfs. 
 
 TRAPS, -:- BRAKES. •:■ AND • CARRIAGES 
 
 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ON HIRE. 
 
 TAMWORTH STREET, 
 
 ^^3)E^ LICHFIELD. 
 
LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. AdvtS. 
 
 S ffllHERAL WATERS, 
 
 (ESTABLISHED 1840.) 
 
 johnsTmms 
 
 Church street, LICHFIELD. 
 
 Manufacflurer of Soda, Potass, Seltzer, and Lythia 
 
 Waters, Lemonade, Aerated Ginger Beer and 
 
 Ginger Ale, etc. 
 
 All kinds of Artificial Mineral ^Vaters manufacflured 
 
 by Steam Power and with the greatest 
 
 possible ease. 
 
 CITY PRINTING WORKS 
 
 AND STATIONERY WAREHOUSE, 
 
 36, MARKET STREET, (SsTA'hl^I.) LICHFIELD. 
 C[ommrrnal ••• anh ••• O'li^rrlj •• ^rtnttng 
 
 of cxicftj ^icorription pvcmipthj erecitteb. 
 A LARGE STOCK OF 
 
 viiws @f iu ummML 
 
 NEW GUIDE BOOK, 6d. EACH. 
 i-y- A CALL EARNESTLY SOLICITED. 
 
 F. W. MEAGHAM, 36, Market St, LICHFIELD, 
 
AdvtS. LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 SPECIAL VALUE IS OFFERED 
 
 TO ALL CONSUMERS OF 
 
 GROCERIES k PROVISIONS, 
 
 FINEST CANADIAN HAMS. PRIME MILD BACON. 
 
 STILTON, AMERICAN, and DERBY CHEESE. 
 
 FINEST PURE LARD. 
 
 FARMERS FRESH BUTTER & EGGS 
 
 TWICE WEEKLY. 
 
 •^ TINNED^ GOODS ^ 
 
 of the Finest Quality, at Lowest Market Prices. 
 
 Salmon, Lobster, Sardines, Tongue, Beef, Mutton, Pine 
 Apple, Apricot, Plum, Tomato. 
 
 CHOICE BRANDS OF 
 
 Sauces, Pickles, Jams, and Marmalade, 
 
 ALWAYS IN STOCK. 
 
 GOOD PURE BREAD 
 
 Made from Choice Wheat Flour, 
 delivered to any house in Town or Country daily. 
 
 +f, e, WftBMINCiTOfJ, 
 
 — ^|. Grocer, i^^ 
 19, BEACON ST., LICHFIELD. 
 
LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. AdvtS. 
 
 General Ironmonger, 
 Oil and Colour Merchant, 
 
 BIRD STREET. 
 
 LICHFIELD. 
 
 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 
 
 Water Barrowrs, Garden Rollers, 
 Law^n Movv'ers, Flower Baskets and 
 Stands, Garden Chairs, Trunks, Churns, 
 Wire Netting for Estates and other 
 purposes. Corrugated Iron, Roofing 
 Felt. 
 
 Special Attention given to Repairs. 
 
 ALL KINDS ofELECTRIC BELLS FIXED. 
 
 Sole Maker of the Improved 
 
 Provisionally protected as a patent. 
 
Advts. 
 
 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 THE SWAN HOTEL 
 
 BIRD STREET, UICHFIEID, 
 
 Near the Cathedral. 
 
 Proprietor, J TREVOR. 
 
 View from Pleasure Grouuds. 
 
 Families ana Commepeial drenilcmcr. u\Il fin3i l^'^ Kolel 
 deplete wii5 e:^?eP)^ aeeommo3.ation ai n-:o3.epale c|ja"gC5. 
 Ppivaie Sitting Rooms, Coffee Rooms, Smoking »rA 
 Billiapd Room.s. 
 
 Bus meets all Trains. Private Livery and Bate Stable*. 
 
 i CARRIAGES OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS ON HIRE. 
 
 LOOSE KOXES lOK HUNi:KS. 
 
 LAHQB PARTIES CflTE'RED FO'R. 
 
 ^•i Tariff on application, tl 
 
LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Advts. 
 
 OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 The ROCK says:— " Mr. James Berry seems to have in the main devoted 
 himself honestly, and with much painstakine endeavour, to corre(5t errors and 
 misconceptions as to the way in which capital punishment is carried out. . . . 
 We h.ive failed lo diti-rt any leariines towards inere sensationalism in the book." 
 
 The DAILY NEWS says :—" It is calculated to serve other ends than the 
 mere satisfadtion of ruiinsity." 
 
 WINTER'S WEEKLY says:—" It is written in a fair and manly tone, and 
 one cannot read it without a feehne of respri^t for its author." 
 
 k. 01 ; 
 
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 rt "U o - 
 
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 4; 5 « 9 
 
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 o 1) "" £ 
 
 NOW READY. ONE SHILLING. 
 
 <T3 o 
 
 00 ** 
 
 
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 PERCY LUNO«C° BRADroflo.LONooN 
 
 OF ALL BOOKSELLERS. 
 
 2^ ;S ►J 
 
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 The BRADFOKD OBSERVER says:-" Kvery one who is interested in the 
 pro or eon of capital punishment will Ket hints from this book." 
 
 The SHEFFIELD INDEPENDENT says :-" We are conscious that a Rood 
 many pcopli- will i(k:,ird it ;is cxn i iiiin;ly shocking on the part of any well- 
 condufted journ.il to coiifrss to lindiiij; any interi:st in the ' Kxperiences of an 
 Executioner.' and yet we arc iinHhiu in deiiv that we have somewhat uncxpeft- 
 edlv loiind the ilistaste wiih whirh we took up the little book just published 
 iinde- that title by James Uerry, the hangman, largely removed by the contents." 
 
Advts. 
 
 LICHFIELD AND ITS CATHEDRAL. 
 
 PERCY LUND & CO., BRADFORD and LONDON. 
 
 & 
 
 L8 
 
 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 
 E V 
 
 THE "ST. JOHN" 
 CAMERA. 
 
 Marvellous value , superior 
 workmanship ; every move- 
 ment. Half-plate, with Thre« 
 
 Double Slides 70 - 
 
 Whole-plate 100 - 
 
 FOLDING TRIPOD. 
 
 Special Telescope, suitable 
 
 for above Camera 81 - 
 
 Cheaper make IS 6 
 
 RAPID RECTILINEAR 
 LENSES. 
 
 Half-pl.ite from 81 - 
 
 PROFESSIONAL 
 CLOTH BACKGROUNDS 
 
 6 ft. X 4 ft 3 6 
 
 6 ft. X s ft 4 S 
 
 8 ft. X 6 ft 7 - 
 
 /^U ATT T^URTUDC See that our name is on every am. le. or you m«y 
 \JS i\hh JLf £l n ii LI IlU I be supplied with inferior imitationa. 
 
LICHKIELU AND ITS CATHEDRAL. AdvtS.' 
 
 WDFIELDS LIPIITED, 
 
 (tambriDgr ^t. ootorks, Uinningljam. 
 
 LONDON SAMPLE ROOM : 49, FARRINGDON ST., E.C. 
 
 ^tainch ^ ^ ainkti ^laas 
 
 (gtucci'ssova to C'lmuiu i^rus., Uttc of i'lnctljuncit). 
 
 Gold Medal, Paris. 1878. Gold Medal, Bradford, 1882. 
 
 First Prize, York, 1879. First Prize, Sydney, 1880. 
 
 apb Metal IXJ§pI^ 
 
 ©f QVCPT dGSGPiption in BpasS and iX/poygt^fe 
 
 [pen, includina 
 
 Altar rvaih, rtr., ilr. 
 
 Successors to Skidmore's, late of Coventry. 
 
 ORNAMENTAL WROUGHT IRON WORK, 
 
 GAS AND ELECTRIC LIGHT FITTINGS. 
 
 E)egign;s ancl E;siimates fpee on appliealion 
 
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