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 -f Dori^vatix o Woe. i. 'rum a Knowledge Of their corapoiient Parta. ^. S 
 
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 BY SALEM TOWN, L. L. D. 
 
 » 50«I» EDITION, 
 
 CAEEFULLY REVISED, ENLARGED, AND ADAPTED TO SCHOOLS 
 
 OF \I.L GRADES. 
 
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 BUFFALO: 
 1^'UELISHED EY PIIINNEY &; CO. 
 
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 •^^T3SE?aB*.i'fcEs.? rT .j^'2 
 
University of California • Berkeley 
 
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^"^ ANALYSIS ^*\ 
 
 OF 
 
 DERIVATIVE WORDS 
 
 THE 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE 
 
 OR, 
 
 A KEY TO THEIR PRECISE ANALYTIC DEFINITIONS. 
 BY PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES: 
 
 BY SALEM' TOWN", LL.D.. 
 
 1. 4 |k CAREFULLY REVISED, AMD ADAPTED TO SCHO9LS 
 W W>i^ OF ALL GUADES. 
 
 
 BUFFALO: 
 PUBLISHED BY PHINNEY' & CO. 
 
 1854. 
 
I 
 
 .» ». 
 
 
 .v'^" 
 
 -4 
 
 - J ■ 0, 
 
 ' 4 
 
 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852, 
 
 Bt SALEM TOWN, 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, in and for the North 
 
 ern District of New York. 
 
 r^ 
 
 STERF.OTYI'ED BY C. C. SAVAGE 
 
 13 CUamhers Street, N. Y. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The first edition of this -work was the first effort of the author, and 
 it is believed to be the^rs^ attempt to present the component parts of 
 JEnglish derivative words, in tJieir distinctive character, and exhibit 
 their combination in any thing like system. The practicability of the 
 work had been under consideration^ and the materials principally 
 collected, many years before the plan was fully carried out. The first 
 edition was at length presented, and has fairly settled the question as 
 to the im])ortance of the plan proposed, and the coui'se to be pursued 
 in acquiring a knowledge of derivative words. 
 
 This revised edition is now submitted to the public, with what are 
 believed to be valuable improvements. The work has now been in use 
 in its printed form seventeen years ; and, during that period, experience 
 has suggested the improvements carried out in this revision. The 
 most important of these, consists in a simplification, better adapted to 
 the capacities of children.* To accomplish this object, it became 
 necessary to re-write and re-arrange the whole. The same words, 
 however, are retained in the body of the work which are found in the 
 former editions. 
 
 The examples accompanying the prefixes and suffixes, are so multi- 
 plied, as to give a more enlarged comprehension of the manner of 
 defining ; and the characters showing derivative combinations, are 
 mostly changed, and it is thought, much for the better. 
 
 The prefixes and suffixes, with their significant characters, are so 
 arrange<l as to preclude the possibility of mistakes in derivative forma- 
 tions, unless by inexcusable carelessness on the part of pupils, or inat- 
 tention to the rules and directions given. 
 
 Nothing can give such force to the significant import of words as 
 their analysis ; and nothing can relieve the memory from so great a 
 task in acquiring a knowledge of language, as familiarity with those 
 component parts which are common to so many thousand words, and, 
 
 * The author acknovvledajes some valualjle su2:gsstions from Speucer Smith, Esq., 
 of St^ Louis, Mo., and Prof. Kenyou, of western New York. 
 
4 HISTORY OF THE ANALYSIS. 
 
 at the same time, characterize their analytic signification. It is a de- 
 velopment of this principle, with its systematic application, which haa 
 given such celebrity to this little work. 
 
 The fact is well known to classical scholars, that the primitive words 
 in our language are comparatively few, and of the simplest order, such 
 as almost every child of ten years old knows. It is when these simple 
 words grow iip into their derivative, compound, and complex forms, 
 that the child loses sight of their import, and simply, because he is 
 ignorant of their component parts. 
 
 The principles on which this work is executed, are interwoven with, 
 and fundamental to, a critical knowledge of every langxiage. Hence, 
 it is the undivided opinion of the most competent judges, that an 
 English scholar, thoroughly versed in this system, will, so far as lan- 
 guage is concerned, secure to himself many important advantages^ 
 which the classical scholar alone has heretofore enjoyed. 
 
 This work is now sent out with an arrangement so simplified, as to 
 render it doubly beneficial, especially to younger classes of pupils, and 
 at the same time, not less interesting and valuable to those of all ages, 
 who desire a niore critical knowledge of the analysis of words of which 
 our language is composed. 
 
 May 15tfi, 1852. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE ANALYSIS. 
 
 The" author of the Analysis has in so many instances been asked by 
 literary gentlemen, what Jirst led him to examine English words by 
 prefixes and suffixes, and make a general application of the abstract 
 signification of those component parts for defining, that he considers a 
 brief statement of the facts not inappropriate. 
 
 As Principal of Granville Academy, he had taught the classics in the 
 usual mode from 1807 till 1822; and, having witnessed the difficulties 
 with which scholars meet in the commencement of those studies, in 
 tracing Latin and Greek derivatives to the rada-;^.l word, he was 
 induced to believe some method could be devised for tl!"ir benefit. 
 
 A careful analysis, therefore, of every compound ai.l derivative 
 word, occurring in the Latin and Greek lessons, was commenced and 
 continued in the recitations of those classes, by means of which the 
 stiitlents soon became al)le to distinguish the component part.- of such 
 words, and thereby find the root. This method was attended n-il)! a 
 good degree of success, and found greatly to facilitate scholars in the 
 
HISTORY OF THE ANALYSIS. 5 
 
 acquisition of those languages. Soon, however, it occurred to the 
 author, that the same course might, perhaps, be pursued in gaining a 
 more accurate knowledge of English derivatives. 
 
 This suggestion led to an investigation of the subject, and finally 
 resulted in the effort of collecting and defining what (ire termed prefxes 
 and mffixes, as the modifiers of the significant import of radical words. 
 
 The work of collecting materials for a book, was pursued at intervals, 
 between 1822-4. 1\\e prefixes, being in the main Greek, Latin, and 
 Saxon prepositions, were not difficult to classify and define ; but many 
 of the suffixes required much labor, as well as patient examination, to 
 arrive at a common definition, which might render them common, 
 definers. 
 
 This was finally accomplished by collating words of the same termi- 
 nations, frequently amounting to some hundreds in each of the more 
 difficult classes, and tb.en searching for such defining expression or 
 phrase, as might be applied to all words having a similar termination, 
 which is a regular siijfix. 
 
 Most of the original papers are still in existence, with the prefixes 
 and sufiixes arranged and defined, as they now stand in the first edi- 
 tion. Moreover, there are a large number of individuals now living, 
 who learned the prefixes and suffixes, with the mode of defining, from 
 the w*ord Press, copied fron the original manuscript, and pasted on the 
 walls in the recitation room of Granville Academy, as early as 1825, 
 with a view of testing this mode of defining. 
 
 In 1827, the principles and application of the entire system were 
 made a regular study in Powelton Academy, Georgia, over which the 
 author then presided. In 1831, the whole plan, with specimens of its 
 parts, was commxmicated to the Rev. Dr. Davis, former President of 
 Hamilton College, who caused the same to be read before a State Con- 
 vention of Teachers, then assembled in Utica ; and in 1835, the first 
 edition, in its printed form, was presented to the public. 
 
 And now, in conclusion, the author would remark, that previous to 
 his preparation of this work, he had neither seen nor heard of any 
 publication whatever, involving the essential principles of his plan, 
 nor had the learned professors in our colleges, several of whom were 
 consulted, any knowledge of such a work in the language ; and, at the 
 present time, he has no knowledge of any work approximating it, of 
 an earlier date than " Butler's Etymological Spelling Book," published 
 in London in 1829, from which the "Scholar's Companion" was com- 
 piled, and published in Philadelphia, in 1835. 
 
 These facts are here stated merely to show when and how the work 
 was commenced, carried forward, tested, and finally brought to ita 
 present state. 
 
 1* 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Explanation of Primitive and Derivative Words, page 7 
 
 Caution, and Important Explanations, 8 
 
 Explanation of the Prefixes, 9 
 
 Prefixes of Latin Origin Defined and Exemplified, 10 
 
 Prefixes of Greek Origin Defined and Exemplified, 24 
 
 Prefixes of Saxon Origin Defined and Exemplified 30 
 
 Synopsis of the Latin Prefixes, 32 
 
 Synopsis of the Greek Prefixes, 34 
 
 Classification of Prefixes, 36 
 
 An Exercise in Applying the Definition of Prefixes, 38 
 
 Explanation of Suffixes, and the Suffixes Defined and Exemplified, 40 
 
 Synopsis of the Suffixes, 52 
 
 Rules for Forming Derivative Words, 53 
 
 An Exercise in Forming Derivatives by Suffixes, 56 
 
 Classification of Suffixes, 68 
 
 Special Rules for Forming Derivatives by Prefixes 60 
 
 Manner of Defining by Prefixes and Suffixes, 61 
 
 The Different Import of Certain Prefixes, 63 
 
 An Exercise in Forming Derivatives by Prefixes, 65 
 
 An Exercise in Defining by Prefixes, 66 
 
 Explanation of the Arrangement and Characters, 68 
 
 Exercise in Forming Derivatives without Defining TO 
 
 Explanation, and Exercises in Forming and Defining Derivatives, 72 
 
 The Word Press and Eighty-Three Derivatives, " 76 
 
 Primitive Words of One Sylhible, 78 
 
 Primil ive Words of Two Syllables, 82 
 
 Primitive Words of Three Syllables, 97 
 
 Primitive Words of Tlu'ee and Four Syllables 102 
 
 Defining by the Use of Two Prefixes, Ill 
 
 Defining by tlie Use of Three Prefixes, 123 
 
 Special Directions for Combining Dex'ivatives, 128 
 
 Inseparable Prefixes 133 
 
 Primitive Words iiaving an Inseparable Prefix, 134 
 
 Cliemical Imjunt of certain Suffixes and Prefixes, 152 
 
 General and Special Rules for Pronouncing the English Language, 153 
 
 Origin of eome of the Prefixes and Sufiixea, 158 
 
SECTION I. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PRIMITIVE AND DERIVATIVE WORDS. 
 
 1. Primitive words are such as can be reduced to no 
 fewer letters than what are then expressed, and still remain 
 significant English words ; as, Man, Fame, House, Sense. 
 
 2. Derivative words are such as are formed from the 
 primitives by the addition of other letters or syllables ; as, 
 from the preceding primitive words, we thus form the deriv- 
 atives, Manly, Defamation, Houseless, and Insensibility. 
 
 3. A compound word is composed of two or more distinct 
 words ; as, Sugar-maple, Over-load, Common-place-book. 
 
 4. The root of a word is that part which belongs exclu' 
 sively to the primitive form, and is not combined with any 
 other word, syllable, or letter ; as, press. 
 
 In this work, all such words of Latin origin, as Abdicate, 
 Convene, Adhere, &c., so far as our language is concerned, 
 will be taken as primitives ; yet the classical scholar will 
 perceive that they are not such in the language whence they 
 are derived. Some other words also will be inserted which 
 are not piimitives. 
 
 Those parts which are added to a primitive word, we 
 shall call prefixes and suffixes ; and, as the primitive has at 
 least one appropriate meaning, all the varieties of significa- 
 tion which arise from additions in any way made to such 
 primitive, must depend exclusively on those parts added. 
 Hence, when all the prefixes and suffixes in the language 
 are known, nothing remains but to acquire the meaning of 
 the primitives to understand tho whole language, so far as 
 those component parts are concerned in modifying the im- 
 port of words. 
 
8 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 CAUTION. 
 
 In applying the following rules in this book, it must be 
 remembered, their application is confined exclusively to de- 
 rivative words. When any of those combinations of letters 
 called prefixes and suffixes, constitute an essential part of a 
 primitive word, they are then neither prefixes nor suffixes, 
 and do not come under the rules of Analysis nor Definition; 
 as, 'ess,' in Bless, 'ate,' in Climate, ' ish,' in Lavish, 'ment,' 
 in Torment, ' em,' in Embers, ' bi,' in Bias, ' un,' in Under. 
 
 The following explanations ought to be thoroughly under- 
 stood, by both teachers and pupils : 
 
 1. When the analysis of the word requires it, the entire 
 prefix, whether consisting of one letter, or one or more 
 syllables, is separated from the root by a comma ; thus, 
 Dis,please, Il,legal, A, vert, Circum,vent. 
 
 2. In many instances, by dividing the word into its proper 
 syllables, the first letter of the root must be joined to the 
 prefix, in order to complete a syllable, and lead to a correct 
 accentuation of the word. In such cases, the common char- 
 acter of accentuation marks the letter ; thus, in Bene,volent, 
 Geo,graphy, Dia,meter, bene, geo, and dia, are prefixes ; volenti 
 graphy, and meter, are roots. To spell these words by sylla- 
 bles, the first letter of each root is joined to its prefix, and 
 accented; thus, Be-nev^-o-lent, Ge-og^-ra-phy, Di-am^-e-ter ; 
 usually completing the syllable with the very letter on which 
 the accent falls. 
 
 3. In all similar cases, when one or more letters of the 
 root must combine with the prefix to form a syllable and 
 show the accent, the mark of the accent is over such letter; 
 thus, Bene,v^olent, Geo,g'raphy, Dia,m'eter. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 SECTION III. 
 EXPLANATION OF THE PREFIXES. 
 
 1. A Prefix is a letter, syllable, or word, added to the 
 beginning of some other word, to vary or modify its primitive 
 signification ; thus, 
 
 Theist, implies a person who believes in the existence of 
 a God ; but prefix <?, and it becomes Atheist, implying one 
 who does not believe in the existence of a God. 
 
 Again, possible means that which can be done ; but prefix 
 im, and it becomes z'wpossible, implying what can not be done. 
 
 2. A separable prefix is that part of a word which may be 
 taken from the primitive root, and still leave a significant 
 English word ; as, from impress, im may be thus taken. 
 
 3. An inseparable prefix is such a combination of a word, 
 syllable, or letter, with the mot, that as an English word, a 
 separation of the parts would destroy the English significa- 
 tion of both ; as, depute, which, in Latin, is composed of dcj 
 and puto ; but in English they may not be separated. 
 
 The analytic definition of the root, with its prefix, is com- 
 monly given in such examples, as would seem to be of ma- 
 terial benefit to English scholars. In all such cases, the root 
 and its prefix are italicized. 
 
 Some entire words are occasionally used as prefixes. 
 
 Teachers are specially requested to confine their pupils 
 to the prefixes and svfiixes, till these component parts are 
 learned in the most thorough manner. When this point is 
 gained, the whole work is A'irtually mastered. 
 
 The following are the principal prefixes in our language, 
 influencing the meaning of words. They are printed in 
 small CAPS, and their definitions in italics. 
 
10 ' ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 PREFIXES OF LATIN ORIGIN DEFINED AND EXEMPLIFIED. 
 
 A,* AB, ABS — denote from ; away from ; separation. 
 
 EXAMPLES. 
 
 A,vert, to turn from. Derived from verto, to turn ; and 
 a, from. 
 
 Ab,solve, to loose, or free from. Solvo, to loose ; ah, from. 
 
 Abjduce, to lead from. Duco, to lead ; ab, from. 
 
 Ab,scind, to rend off, or from. Scindo, to rend; ab, from. 
 
 AbSjtract, to draw from. Traho, to draw ; abs, from. 
 
 Abs,tain, to hold from. Teneo, to hold ; abs, from. 
 
 Abs,cond, to conceal yrom. Condo, to conceal; abs from.f 
 ADJ; — denotes to ; toward ; closeness, or union. 
 AC, AF, AG, AL, AN, AP, AR, AS, AT, denote the same as ad. 
 
 Ad,join, to join to. Derived from jungo, to join ; and 
 
 Ad,vert, to turn the mind to. Verto, to turn. \ad, to. 
 
 AcjCede^ to yield to. Ccdo, to yield ; ac, to. 
 
 Af,fix, to fix to. Figo, to fix ; of to. 
 
 Ag,grieve, to give pain, or sorrow to 
 
 Aljlude, to refer to. Ludo, to play ; al, to. 
 
 An,nex, to tie, or link to. Necto, to link ; an, to. 
 
 * A, serves as a prefix to many English words, having a signification 
 nearly equivalent to in, on, at ; as, afoot, on foot ; abed, in bed ; afar, 
 at a distance, &c. 
 
 •j- The defining phraseology need not be restricted to the word from, 
 but may vary in any manner whieh implies separation, or taking 
 away; as, abbreviate, to sliortcn, or abridge; abrasion, the act of 
 wearing, or rubbing off, &c. 
 
 \ D, is changed for c, f, g, 1, n, p, r, p, or t, before a corresponding 
 letter, for the sake of euphony and ease of utterance. Instead of say- 
 ing adcecU, adjix, we say accede, ajix, <fec 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. * 11 
 
 Ap,pend, to Lang to. Pendco, to hang ; ap, to. 
 
 Ar,rogate, to lay claim to. Rogo to ask ; ar, to. [as, to. 
 
 AsjSume, to take to, or upon one's self. Sumo, to take; 
 
 At,tain, to come to, or arrive at. Tango, to reach ; at, to. 
 
 Atjtend, to give the mind to, Tendo, to stretch ; at, to.* 
 AMBi — denotes both. From ambo, 
 
 Ambi.dexter, usirg both hands equally well. 
 AMB, /MPHi — denote around, or two. 
 
 Amb,ient, surrounding. Derived from am and iens. 
 
 Amb,ig''uous, having two meanings ; doubtful. 
 
 Amphi,theater, a circular building. 
 
 Amphi,b'ious, able to live in two elements. 
 iNTE — denotes before, in time, place, or rank. 
 
 Ante,date, to date before the true time. 
 
 Ante, cedent, going before, in reference to time. 
 
 Ante,diluvian, one who lived before the flood. 
 
 Ante,room, ih.e front or frst room. 
 
 Ante-nuptial, before marriage. 
 
 Ante,past, 3, foretaste. 
 iNT, ANTi — denote opposite, opposed, or against, 
 
 Anti, Christ, the great opposer of Christ. 
 
 Anti,pode, one on the opposite side of the globe. 
 
 Anti, dotal, good against the effects of poison. 
 
 Anti,p''athy, opposition in feelings ; dislike. 
 
 Antijth^-esis, contrast ; opposition of words. 
 
 Ant,arctic, a circle opposite to the arctic circle. 
 BENE — denotes good, or well. 
 
 Bene,factor, a doer o^ good. 
 
 * The defining phrase need not include the word to, if couched in 
 Buch language as implies addition, corresponding with the sense of the 
 word to be defined; as, applaud, to praise, which is the same as, to 
 give praise to. 
 
12 ANALYSIS Ol THE 
 
 Bene,v^olent, having a disposition to do good. Derived 
 from volens, wishing ; and bene, good. 
 
 Bene,fit, an act of kindness ; good done. 
 
 Bene,diction, a blessing ; speaking good words. 
 Bi, BIS — denote lico. 
 
 BijSect, to cut into two parts. Scctus, cut. 
 
 Bi,ennial, happening once in tiuo years. 
 
 Bi,g''amy, having two husbands, or two wives at a time. 
 
 Bi,form, having two forms. 
 
 Bi,ped, a bird or animal having two feet. 
 
 Bis,cuit, cake hard baked. Derived from bis^ twice ; and 
 cuit, baked. 
 CIS — denotes on this side. 
 
 Cis,alpine, on this side the Alps, as from Rome. 
 
 Cis,padane, on this side the Po, a river in Italy. 
 CEXTU, CENTi, CEN'T — denote a hundred. 
 
 Centu,plicate, to make a hundred fold. From plico, to 
 fold ; and ceiitu, a hundred. 
 
 Cent,en'nial, occurring once in a hundred yesirs, 
 
 Centi,folious, having a hiatdred leaves. 
 
 Centi,ped, applied to insects having many feet. 
 CONTRA, coNTRO, COUNTER — dcnotc opjjosition to,or against. 
 
 Contra,dict, to oppose by words. Dico, to speak ; contra^ 
 
 agamst. 
 
 Contra,position, a placing over against. Pono, to place ; 
 
 contra, against. 
 ContrOjVersy, opposition by words ; a dispute. Versus, a 
 
 turning ; contm, against. 
 Counter,attraction, opposite attraction. Traho, to draw ; 
 
 counter, opposite to, 
 Counter,act, to act in opposition to ; to impede. 
 Couiiter,balance, to weigh against with equal weight. 
 
ENGLISH LA XGU AGE. 13 
 
 CON* — denotes with ; joined with, or together. 
 
 CO, COG, COM, COL, COR, havc the same import as con. 
 
 Co,hesion, the act of sticking together. Hereo, to stick ; 
 CO, together. 
 
 Co,operate, to act, or operate jointly with another. 
 
 Cog,nate, allied by blood ; related. Natus, born. 
 
 Colject, to bring together into one body, or place. 
 
 Col,late, to lay together, and compare. 
 
 Coljlapse, to fall together, as the two sides of a vessel. 
 
 Com,bine, to unite, or join things together. 
 
 Com,press, to press together by external force. [gether. 
 
 Con,vene, to come together. Venio, to come ; con, to- 
 
 Con,fliient, flowing together. Fluo, to flow ; con, together. 
 
 Con,federate, to vnite in a league, or by treaty. 
 
 Cor,rugate, to wrinkle. Ruga, to gather ; cor, together. 
 ciRCUM — denotes around; about. 
 
 Circum,navigate, to sail around, as by water. 
 
 Circum,jacent, lying around ; bordering on. 
 
 Circum,ambient, surrounding, as the air. 
 
 Circum,spect, looking around ; prudent. 
 
 Circum,ference, a line that goes round a circle. 
 DE — denotes from ; removing from ; depriving of or down. 
 
 De,duce, to draw from, or gather truth. Duco, to draw ; 
 de, from. 
 
 De,grade, to reduce from a higher to a lower rank. 
 
 De,bark, to \a,nd from a ship, or a boat. 
 
 De,jected, cast down, as to the countenance. Jacio, to 
 cast ; de, down. • 
 
 De,fraud, to deprive of a right ; to cozen or cheat. 
 
 De,obstruct, to remove impediments yrom a passage. 
 
 De,parture, the act of going away; remomng from. 
 
 * Before a vowel or li, n is dropped ; as, iu cohere, coalesce. 
 
 2 
 
14 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 De,pose, to reduce from a throne, or deprive of office. 
 
 De,volve, to roll down on, or to pass to another. 
 
 De,molish, to throw, or pull doivn ; to destroy. 
 
 De,spoil, to ivike from by force ; to deprive of 
 
 De,fend, to drive /ro;??, or thrust hack ; to protect. 
 Di, Dis, DiF — denote separating ; out of; from; off, or want of. 
 
 Dijvide, to part into two or more portions. 
 
 Di,vest, to strip off, as clothes, arms, or equipage. 
 
 DijVert, to turn off from any course ; to amuse. 
 
 Dis,burse, to pay out, as money /row. a treasury. 
 
 DiSjlocate, to put out of its proper place, as a joint. 
 
 Dis,arm, to deprive of arms, or means of defense. 
 
 Dis,miss, to give leave to depart ; to send away. 
 
 Dis, able, to deprive of ability, to weaken or impair. 
 
 Dis,inter, to take out of a grave, or out of the earth. 
 
 D if, fuse, to pour out and spread, as a fluid. 
 
 Dif,fer, to separate ; to disagree. Fero, to bear ; dif apart. 
 DUO, DU — denote double, or two. 
 
 Duo,decimo, a book with twelve pages to a sheet. Decern, 
 ten ; and duo, two, making twelve. 
 
 Du,plicate, a copy; two of the same kind. 
 
 Du,plicity, douhleness of heart, or speech ; deceit. 
 E, EX, EF, EC — denote out; out of ; from ; heyond. \e, out. 
 
 E,duce, to draw out; to elicit, or extract. DucOj to draw ; 
 
 E, lapse, to run out ; to pass away. 
 
 E,lect, to pick out from among two or more. 
 
 EjVade, to escape from ; to avoid by dexterity. Vado, to 
 march ; e, from. 
 
 E, merge, to rise out of dt, fluid ; to issue y?'om. 
 
 Ex,clude, to thrust out ; to hinder from entering. Claudo^ 
 to shut ; ex, out. 
 
 EXjhaust, to empty, by drawing out the whole. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 15 
 
 Ex, cess, superfluity beyond necessary wants. 
 
 Ef.llux^ the act of flowing out, as in a stream. Fluo^ to 
 flow ; ef, out. 
 
 Ef,fulgence, a shmmg forth, as with a flood of light. 
 
 Ef,fervesce, to throw off vapor, or gas, as in boiling. 
 
 Ecjlectic, a selecting, or choosing y/om. 
 
 Ec,centric, deviating, or departing /rowi the center. 
 
 Es,cort,* a guard sent forth to attend an officer, &c. 
 
 EsjCape, to Heefrom and avoid ; to shun or evade. 
 
 Es,chew, to ^QQ from ; to shun, or avoid evil. 
 
 Esjtrange, to keep at a distance ; to withdraw. 
 FN,t EM — denote in, or upon ; giving intensity. 
 
 En, courage, to inspire with more courage. 
 
 En,lighten, to shed light on ; to increase the light 
 
 En,velop, to cover by znwrapping, or folding. 
 
 En, circle, to 2//close, or to go round ; to surround 
 
 Ein,body, to form into a body ; to collect, 
 
 Em,power, to give legal, or moral power to. 
 
 Em,bolden, to give boldness, or courage to. 
 
 Em,phatic, uttered with greater force of voice- 
 EQUi — denotes equal. 
 
 Equi,lateral, a figure having equal sides. Latus, a side. 
 
 Equijlibrium, equality of weight,-or force. 
 
 EquijV^alent, equal in value, or worth. 
 
 Equi,distant, at an equal distance from. [senses. 
 
 Equi,v^ocal, language equally implying either of two 
 
 EquijSonance, an equal sounding. 
 EXTRA — denotes beyond ; more than, or excess. 
 
 * Es, in some cases, has the same import as ex. 
 
 \ En, is borrowed from the French. It coincides with the Latin, in, 
 and the Greek, e?i. uV, is changed for m, before labials ; as, employ. In 
 •ome words en, and in, are interchangeable ; as, enclose, inclose. 
 
 •V 
 
16 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 Extra,v'3gaTit, going beyond due bounds ; excessive. Tia- 
 gans, going ; extra, beyond. 
 
 Extra,or''dinary, beyond the common order. 
 
 Extrajudicial, out of the proper court. 
 IN — is used in two senses. 1st. It denotes 7iot, or a nega- 
 tive sense, when prefixed to adjectives and adverbs 
 IM, IG, iL, IR — denote the same, in the same connection. 
 
 In, capable, not capable ; wanting capacity. 
 
 In,cautious, not cautious ; not circumspect. 
 
 In,effably, in a manner not to be uttered. 
 
 Im,possible, not possible ; that can not be. 
 
 Im,mortal, not mortal ; exempt from death. 
 
 Im,mutably, not admitting change. 
 
 Ig,noble, not noble ; of low birth, or family. 
 'Ig,norant, not knowing; wanting knowledge. 
 
 Iljlegal, not legal ; contrary to law ; imlawful. 
 
 Il,liberal, not liberal ; not free to give. 
 
 Il,legibly, in a manner not to be read. 
 
 Ir,religious, not religious ; impious ; ungodly. 
 
 Ir,regular, not regular ; deviating. 
 
 Ir,revocably, in a manner not to be revoked, or recalled. 
 IN — in the 2d sense, denotes in, on, or upon, when prefixed 
 
 to verbs, or words derived from verbs. 
 IM, IG, XL, IR — denote the same as in, when in this sense, 
 they are used in the same connection. 
 
 In,carcerate, to put in prison. 
 
 In,augurate, to invest with an office ; to induct, 
 
 Im,mure, to confine within walls. 
 
 Im,press, to imprint m, or oji ; to stamp. 
 
 Ig,nitc, to kindle, or set on fire ; to take fire. 
 
 Iljluminate, to enlighten ; to throw light on. 
 
 Il,lustrate, to make more clear ; to explain 
 
 :^' 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 17 
 
 Ir,ritate, to make angry ^ or fretful; to provoke. 
 
 Ir,rigate, to water; to moisten; to bedew. 
 
 Irijheritable, that may be inherited. 
 
 Im,pressive, tending to make an impression. 
 
 Ig,nition, the act oi setting on fire. 
 
 Iljlusory, tending to deceive ; deceitful. 
 
 Ir,ritable, susceptible of being made angry ; passionate. 
 INTER — denotes among, or between. 
 
 Inter,change, a mutual exchange between. 
 
 Inter,pose, to place, or come in between. 
 
 Inter,mix, to mix together ; to intermingle. 
 
 Inter,rupt, to stop or hinder, by breaking in between, 
 
 Inter,val, a space between things ; a void space. 
 INTRO — denotes within ; i?ito, or in. 
 - IntrOjSpection, a view of the inside, or interior. 
 
 Intro,duce, to conduct in, or make knovi'n. 
 
 IntrOjgression, the act of coming in; entrance. 
 
 IntrOjVersion, the act of turning inward. 
 INFRA — denotes under, or below. 
 
 Infra,mundane, under the world. 
 JURIS — denotes legal, or lawful right. 
 
 Juris,diction, legal authority, or control over. . 
 
 Juris,prudence, the science of law. 
 JUXTA — denotes near by, or nearness. 
 
 Juxta,position, a being placed in nearness. 
 MIS — denotes wrong ; erroneous. 
 
 Mis, apply, to apply in a wrong manner. 
 
 Mis, estimate, to estimate erroneously. 
 
 Mis, pronounce, to pronounce wrong. 
 
 Mis,place, to put in a wrong place. 
 
 Mis, conduct, wrong conduct ; ill behavior. 
 MALE, MAL — denote ill; evil; bad. 
 
 2* 
 
18 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Maljtreat, to treat ill ; to treat roughly ; to abuse 
 
 Mal,practice, evil practice ; immoral conduct. 
 
 Male,v^olent, wishing f^vil to others ; envious. 
 
 Male,diction, evil speaking ; cursing. 
 
 Male,factor, an evil doer ; one who commits a crime 
 MULTi — denotes many. 
 
 Multi, lateral, a figure having many sides. 
 
 Multi,form, having many forms. 
 
 Multi,plicity, the state of being many. 
 
 Multi,plication, the act of increasing. 
 
 .Multi,ped, an insect having ?nany feet. 
 MANU — denotes a hand. 
 
 Manu, script, a paper written by hand. 
 
 ManUjfacture, to make by hand. 
 
 ]\Ianu,mit, to release the hand from bondage. 
 
 ■ Manu,al, a small book, easily carried by hand, [adverbs. 
 NON, NE, UN — denote not, when prefixed to adjectives and 
 
 Non, elect, one 7iot elected. Non, not ; electus, elected. 
 
 Non,sense, not sense ; void of sense. 
 
 Non, existence, not having existence. 
 
 Ne,u^ter, not either as the neuter gender. 
 
 Un,true, not true ; contrary to fact. 
 
 Un,safe, not safe. Un,sound, not sound. 
 UN — denotes undoing what has been done, when prefixed to 
 verbs and participles. 
 
 Un,lace, to undo the lacing ; to loose the strings. 
 
 Un,lading, removing the cargo of a ship. 
 
 Un,harnessing, stripping off the harness. 
 NOCT — denotes nisht. 
 
 Noct,ur^nal, pertaining to night ; nightly. 
 
 Noct,iv'agant, M'andering in the night. 
 
 Noct,am'bulist, one walking by night, in his sleep. 
 
ENOLISH LANGUAGE. 19 
 
 OB, oc, OF, OP — denote in front ; against ; toward; in, or on. 
 
 Objtrude, to thrust in, or on, as uninvited. 
 
 Ob, struct, to block vp, as a passage ; putting in the way. 
 
 Oc,cur, to meet, as in front, before the mind, or eye. 
 
 Oc,cupant, in law, one who comes before, or first in 
 possession. 
 
 Of,fer, to bring before, for acceptance, or rejection. 
 
 Ofjficious, excessiYely forward ; intermeddling. 
 
 Op,ponent, one who opposes, or sets himself against 
 
 Op,position, a standing over against, or in front of. 
 OMNI, PANTO, PAN — denote all. 
 
 OmnijS^cient, knowing all things, as God does. 
 
 Omni,p''otent, having all power, as God has. 
 
 Omni,present, being present at once, in all places. 
 
 Omni,bus, a carriage common for all to ride in. 
 
 Pan,theon, a temple dedicated to all the gods. 
 
 Pan,tomime, imitating all sorts of actions. 
 
 Pan,acea, a remedy for all diseases. 
 PLENi — denotes full. 
 
 Pleni,potentiary, an embassador with full power 
 
 Plenijtude, fullness ; abundance. 
 
 Plenary, y?iZZ ; complete; entire. 
 
 Plenum, fullness of matter in space. 
 PRETER — denotes beyond ; past ; more than. 
 
 Preter,natural, beyond what is natural. 
 
 Preter,legal, exceeding the limits of the law. 
 
 Preter,it, that which is past ; past tense. 
 
 Preter,imperfect, the tense of an action not perfectly past. 
 POST — denotes after. 
 
 Post, meridian, after noon ; any time after noon. 
 
 Post, mortem, after death, as a postmortem examination. 
 
 Post diluvian, a person who lived after the flood. 
 
20 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 Post,pone, to put off till another time ; to defer. 
 
 PostjScript, a paragraph added afterward ; an addition. 
 
 Post,er'ity, those coming after, as children ; descendants 
 PRO — denotes fore ; forth ; forward ; out, or for. 
 
 PrOjbation, /ore-trial ; the act of proving ; trial. 
 
 PrOjduce, to bring forward ; to bring forth. 
 
 Pro,pel, to drive forward; to urge on by force. Pello, to 
 drive ; pro, forward 
 
 Pro,pose, to bring forward, or offer for acceptance. Pojio, 
 to place ; pro, before. 
 
 Pro,nVinent, standing out beyond ; jutting out. 
 
 Pro,mulgate, in some way to send forth ; to publish. 
 
 Pro,g^nostic,ybreshowing, as a future event. 
 
 PrOjgression, the act of moving forward. [rank. 
 
 PRE — denotes before ; forward, or to surpass, in time, or 
 
 Pre,mature, ripe before the natural, or proper time. 
 
 Pre, cede, to go before in the order of time. 
 
 Pre, concert, a previous agreement. 
 
 Pre,meditate, to consider on 5e/brehand. 
 
 Pre,occupy, to take possession before another. 
 
 Pre,judge, to judge in a cause before it is heard. 
 
 Pre, eminent, surpassing, or superior in excellence, 
 
 Pre,face, that which comes before, as introductory. 
 
 Pre,pare, to make ready beforehand ; to adjust. 
 PER — denotes through; by ; very ; over. 
 
 Per,vade, to pass through, or spread through. Vado, tc 
 march ; per, tlirough. 
 
 Per,ceive, to get impressions through the senses. 
 
 Per,forate, to bore through, or pierce through. 
 
 Per,vert, to turn by, or from a proper purpose. 
 
 Per,vious, admitting a passage through. 
 
 Per,form, to carry through an undertaking. 
 
 < 
 
ENGLISH LAr^GUAGE. 21 
 
 Per,petual, continuing through all time. 
 
 Per,fcct, every thing gone through with ; complete 
 
 Per, day, or Per,diem, hy the day ; Per,annum, &c 
 piUMO, PRIM — denote ^r^^, or origmal. 
 
 Primo,genitor, the first father, or forefather. 
 
 Prim,or^dial, first in order ; original. 
 
 Prim,itive, an original word ; one not derived. 
 
 Prim,ary, first in order of time ; original. 
 QUAD, TETRA — denote four. 
 
 Quad,rate, a figure having four equal sides. 
 
 Quad,ruple, four fold ; four times told. 
 
 Quad,ruped, an animal having four feet. 
 
 Quad,rant, the quarter^ or fourth part of a circle. 
 
 Tetra,spermous, in botany, having four seeds. 
 
 Tetra,syllabic, consisting of four syllables. 
 RE * — denotes again ; hack ; return, or repetition, 
 
 Re.enter, to enter again, or a second time. 
 
 Re,assign, to assign hack, or transfer back. 
 
 Re,pay, to pay hack, or return, as money. 
 
 Re,people, to furnish again with people. 
 
 Re,mind, to bring to mind, or notice again. 
 
 Re,spect, to look hack on, as with esteem. 
 
 Re,p^etition, the act of performing again, 
 
 Re,organize, to organize again, or anew. 
 RETRO — denotes backward, or back. 
 
 Retro,grade, going, or moving backward. 
 ■ RetrOjSp^'Ction, the act of looking back on. 
 
 Retro,pulsive, driving, or repelling hack. 
 
 Retro, action, action turned backward. 
 SE — denotes Separation, or withdrawal. 
 
 Se,clude, to separate ; as from company. 
 
 * Id some words, re, has lost its original meaning ; as, in rejoice. 
 
22 ANALYSISOFTHS 
 
 Se,cede, to withdraw from fellowship with. 
 
 Se,duce, to draw aside from the path of rectitude. 
 
 Se,lect, to choose one or more fro7n a number. • 
 
 Se,cure, separated, or withdrawn from danger. 
 
 Se,crecy, a state o{ separation from public observation. 
 SUPER, SUPRA, suR — dcnoto over ; over and above ; beyond, 
 
 Super,fine, over and above fine ; very fine. 
 
 Super,ficial, being on, or over the surface ; not deep. 
 
 Super,stitious, over scrupulous ; over exact. 
 
 Super,vision, the act of overseeing ; inspection. 
 
 Supra,mundane, over, or above the world. 
 
 Sur,charged, overcharged, as clouds with electricity. 
 
 Sur,mount, to rise above ; to overcome. 
 
 Sur,pass, to go beyond in any thing. 
 
 Sur,feit, to be overfed with meat, or drink. 
 SEX, HEX, HEX A — dcnoto six Hex and hexa, are Greek. 
 
 Sex,ennial, lasting, or happening once in six years. 
 
 Sex,tant, the sixth part of a circle ; an instrument. 
 
 Hexa,gon, a figure of six sides and six angles. 
 
 Hexa,m^eter, a verse containing six poetic feet. 
 
 Hex,androus, in botany, having six stamens. 
 SOLI, MONO — denote one ; alone. 
 
 Soli,tude, the state of being alone ; a lonely life. 
 
 Soli,FOquy, a talking to one^s self, or alone. -* 
 
 Mono,theist, a believer in one God only. 
 
 Mono,logue, spoken by one person only. j^ 
 
 Mono,p'oly, the sole power of selling certain goods. 
 SUB, suBTER — deuoto under ; below; after. 
 
 B, in SUB, is changed, for euphony, to c, f, g, p, or s, 
 
 and thus forms [sub. 
 
 sue, suF, suG, SUP, and sus, all retaining the same import as 
 
 Sub,due, to bring under^ as by conquest. 
 
 »■ 
 
ENGLISH LA-VGUAOE. 23 
 
 Sub,merge, to put under water j to plunge. 
 "^ SuCjCeed, to follow in order after ; to come after. 
 ^Suc^umb, to submit, or to sink mider, unresistingly. 
 
 Suf,fer, to undergo pain of body, or mind. 
 
 Suf,fix, what is placed after, or at the end of a word. 
 
 Sup,port, to hold up, by something underneath. 
 
 Sus,tain, to hear up, and keep from sinking. 
 
 Subter,fluent, flowing underneath. 
 
 Subter,fuge, fleeing under ; an artifice for coiicealment. 
 SEMI, HEMi, DEMI — dcnoto half 
 
 Semi,circle, half 3. circle. Semi,annual, half yezxly. 
 
 Semijdiameter. Demi,wolf. Hemi,sphere. 
 SINE — denotes without. 
 
 Sine,die, without fixing a day for adjournment. 
 ' Sine, cure, an office of revenue without employ. 
 ■'trans, ULTRA — denote acro^.? ; heyond ; change; through. 
 
 Trans, atlantic, across the Atlantic ; an ocean. 
 
 Ultra,montane, heyond the mountain. 
 
 Trans,parent, capable of being seen through. 
 
 Trans, gross, to go across ; to violate a law. 
 
 Trans,late, to render, or change to another language. 
 
 ', Jjans,mute, to change from one substance to another. 
 
 Trans,plant, to remove and plant in another place. 
 TRi — denotes three. 
 
 Tri,angle, a figure having three angles. 
 
 Tri,ennial, occurring once in three years. 
 
 Tri,florous, bearing three flowers. 
 
 •Tri, colored, having three colors, as the French flag. 
 UNI — denotes one. 
 
 Uni.form, having one, or the same form. 
 
 Unijty, the state of being one ; sameness. 
 
 UnijVerse, the entire creation as one whole. 
 
24 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 PREFIXES OF GREEK ORIGIN. 
 
 The Greek word constituting the prefix, is given in Roman letters^ 
 inclosed in a parenthesis. The Greek prepositions are not InclosedL 
 
 A — denotes privation; destitute of, or without. 
 
 AjcVromatic, destitute of color. Applied to a telescope. 
 
 Ajtheism, disbelief of the existence of a God. 
 
 A,nonymous, without a name ; nameless. 
 
 AjCephalous, without a head ; headless. 
 ANA — denotes, again ; against; back. Used in various senses. 
 
 Ana,baptist, one who re-baptizes, or baptizes again. 
 
 Ana,rysis, resolving a thing back to its elements. 
 
 Ana,t^omy, a cutting through, or dissecting. 
 ARCH — (arche) chief; sometimes beginning. 
 
 Arch,bishop, chief hishop, or principal. 
 
 Arch,fiend, the chief fiend, or foe. 
 
 Arch,deacon, the chief, or principal deacon. 
 ASTRO — (astron) denotes a star. 
 
 Astro,n^Gmy, the science of the stars. 
 
 Astro,Fogy, divining or foretelling events by the stars. 
 
 AstrOjg^raphy, a treatise on the stars. 
 AUTO — (autos) denotes one^s self 
 
 AutOjgraph, a person's own hand writing. 
 
 AutOjCrat, a man who, by himself, governs a nation. ^ 
 
 Auto,m^aton, a machine seeming to move itself. " 
 
 Auto,p^sy, personal observation ; ocular view. 
 APO, APH — denote from. 
 
 Apo,gee, the moon's greatest distance jTrow the earth. 
 
 ApOjS^tasy, a departure from the faith. 
 
 Apo,s^tle, one sent forth; a disciple of Christ. 
 
 Aph,el'ion, a planet's greatest distance /rom the sun. 
 ARisTO — (aristos) denotes the best ; that is, noble or nobles 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. S5 
 
 Aristo,c^racy, a government by the nobility, 
 BIO — (bios) denotes life. 
 
 BiOjg^raphy, the written life of a person. 
 BiBLio — (biblion) denotes a book. 
 
 Bibliojg^raphy, a history, or description of books. 
 
 BibliOjthecal, belonging to a library., . 
 CATA — denotes, c^g-ami-;, or down. It has various meanings. 
 
 Cata,baptist, one who opposes baptism. 
 
 Cata,ract, a dashing down ; a waterfall. 
 
 Cata,phonics, the doctrine of reflected sounds 
 
 Cata,s^trophe, a final event ; a disaster. 
 CHORO — (chores) denotes a place^ or country. 
 
 ChorOjg'raphy, the art of making maps. 
 CHi^o — (cheir) denotes a hand. 
 
 Chiro,g^raphy, writing with one's own hand. 
 CHRONO — (chronos) denotes time. 
 
 Chrono,m^eter, an instrument to measure time. 
 
 Chrono,rogy, the science of time. * 
 
 Chron,icIe, a record of facts in the order of tim^. 
 
 Chron,ic, of long continuance^ as a disease. 
 COSMO — (cosmos) denotes the world. 
 
 Cosmo, g^raphy, a description of the world. 
 
 Cosmo, g'ony, a treatise on the creation. 
 
 Cosmo,p^olite, a citizen of the world. 
 oiA — denotes throuo-h. 
 
 Dia,m^eter, a right line throligh the center of a circle, 
 # Dia,g''onal, a line drawn through opposite angles. 
 
 Dia,phoretic, promoting perspiration through the por^ ol 
 the skin ; sudorific. 
 DYS — denotes bad^ or difficult. 
 
 Dys,pepsy, difficulty of digestion 
 
 Dyd, phony, difficulty of speaking 
 
 3 
 
26 ANALYSIS OF THB 
 
 DECA DEC — (deka) and Latin decern, denote ten 
 
 Deca,gon a figure having te)i angles. 
 
 Deca,logue, the ten commandments. 
 
 Dec,imal, a fraction numbering by tenths, 
 
 Deca,pode, an animal having te7i feet. 
 ^u — denotes good ; well, or praise. 
 
 Eu,peptic, having good digestion. 
 
 Eu,phony, a smooth agreeable sound. 
 
 Eu,pathy, a state of right feeling. 
 
 Eujlogize, to praise, or give commendation. 
 EPi — denotes i?i ; on, or upon. 
 
 Epi,demic, some general disease on the people. 
 
 Epi.lepsy, seizing o?i suddenly, as a fit. 
 
 Epijtaph, an inscription on a tombstone. 
 ENTOMO — (entoma) denotes an insect. 
 
 EntomOj^ogy, a treatise describing insects, 
 
 Entomo,lite, a petrified insect. 
 *GE0 — (ge) denotes the earth. 
 
 GeOjg'raphy, a written description of the earth. 
 
 GeOjFogy, the science which treats of the structure of tha 
 earth, its minerals, &c. 
 
 Geo,m^etry, the measurement of the globe by lines, <fec. 
 HOMO — (homos) denotes like, or similar. 
 
 Homo,geneous, of the sa?ne kind, or qualities. 
 
 Homo,rogous, sides, or angles of the same ratio. 
 HETERO — (heteros) denotes itnlike, or different. 
 ■"HeterOjgeneous, unlike in kind, or nature. 
 
 Hetero,dox, unlike scripture doctrines ; heresy. 
 HEPTA — (Latm srptem) denotes seven. 
 
 Hepta,gon, a figure having seven angles. 
 
 Sept,en''nial, occurring once in seven years. 
 
 Sept,uple, seveniold ; seven times as much. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 27 
 
 HELio — (helios) denotes the sun. 
 
 Helio, centric, the position of a body, as seen from the 
 center of the sun. 
 
 Helio,m'eter, a solar instrument ; a micromete»r 
 HYDRO — (hudor) denotes water. 
 
 HydrOjFogy, the science of the laws of water^ &c. 
 
 Hydro, phobia, dread of water ; canine madness. 
 
 H} dro,p^athy, the nmter-cwxe. 
 
 Hydr,ant, a pipe for conveying water. 
 
 Hydro, statics, the science o^ fluids at rest. 
 
 Hydra, a water serpent ; a monster. 
 HYPER — (huper) denotes over ; excess ; heyond. 
 
 Hyper,critical, critical heyond use, or reason. 
 
 Hyper,bole, an exaggerated expression. 
 
 Hyper,oxyd, that which has an excess of ox^ gen. 
 HYPO — (hupo) denotes w/jc/er, in a figurative sense. 
 
 Hypo,crite, one under disguised sentiments. 
 
 HypOjtVesis, a supposition under consideration. 
 
 Hypo,chondria, a being under dejection of spirits. 
 ICHTHYO — (ichthus) denotes k fish. 
 
 Ichthyo,rogy, the science which treats of fshes 
 LEXico — (lexikon) denotes a dictionary. 
 
 Lexico,g^rapher, a writer of dictionaries. 
 LTTHO — (lithos) denotes a stone. 
 
 Litho,g^raphy, the art of engraving on stone. 
 
 Litho,l^ogy, the natural history of stones. 
 , Litho,graph, a print from a drawing on stone. 
 META — denotes change ; beyond. 
 
 Meta,morphose, to change into another form. .^^^ 
 
 Meta,b^asis, a passing from one thing to another 
 
 Meta,physics, a science above, or beyond physics. 
 MYTHO — (muthos) denotes a fable, ^ 
 
28 ' ANALYSISOFTHB 
 
 MythOjFogist, a writer of fables. 
 
 MythcFogy, a system o^ fables. 
 Miso, MIS — (misos) denote hatred. 
 
 Misjantl^fopy, hatred, or dislike to manland # 
 
 MisOjg^amist, a hater of marriage. 
 OSTEO — (osteon) denotes a bone. 
 
 Osteo,Fogy, a description of bojies. 
 
 OsteOjg^eny, the growth, or formation of bones 
 ORTHO — (orthos) denotes right ; correct. 
 
 OrthOjg^raphy, the writing of words correctly. 
 
 OrthOjdox, correct, or sound in the faith. 
 
 Ortho,epy, a correct pronunciation of words. 
 
 OrthOjFogy, the right description of things. 
 ORNiTHO— (ornis, ornithos) denotes a bird, or fowl, 
 
 Orniiho,Fogy, the science of birds. 
 OCTO, ocTA, OCT — (okto) dcnote eight. 
 
 Octa,gon, a figure having eight sides and eight angles 
 
 Octa,vo, a book in which a sheet makes eight leaves. 
 
 Octo,ber, the eighth month of the Roman year 
 
 Oct, ant, the eighth part of a circle. 
 
 Octo, //ocular,* having eight eyes. 
 PARA — denotes contrary ; beyond; by the side of. 
 
 Para,dox, a tenet contrary to received opinions 
 
 Para,llel, lying side by side, equidistant. 
 
 Para,gon, a model of excellencies ; a pattern, 
 
 Para,mount, beyond or superior to all others, 
 PROTO — (protos) denotes first, or chief 
 
 Proto,martyr, the first martyr. 
 
 Proto,type, an original, or chif model. 
 
 Proto,col, the original copy of any writing. 
 PENTA — (pente) denotes five. 
 
 * iV is inscrivid for euphony. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 29 
 
 Penta,gon, a figure having ^we sides and^i;e angles. 
 
 Penta,cliord, ji^ue strings ; an instrument of music. 
 
 Penta,teuch, the^ve books of Moses. 
 
 Penta,m''eter, a verse having ^ue poetic feet. 
 PHYSico, PHYSIO — (phusis, phusicos) denote nature; natural. 
 
 PhysicOjlogic, logic illustrated by natural philosophy. 
 
 Physio, g^nomy, a discerning of the character ot the mind, 
 bv the natural features of the face. 
 PYRO — (pur) denotes fire. 
 
 PyrOjtechnics, the art of making j^re-works. 
 
 Pyro,Fogy, a treatise on Iteat. 
 POLY — (polus) denotes many. 
 
 Poly, syllable, a word of many syllables. 
 
 Poly,giot, a book containing words in many languages. 
 
 Poly,pode, an animal having many feet. 
 
 Poly,technic, comprehending many arts. 
 PHiLO, PHIL — (philos) denote d, friend ; love, or lover, 
 
 Philo,s^opher, a lover of wisdom. 
 
 PhilOjFogy, a love of words, or of language. 
 
 Philo,math, a lover of learning. 
 
 Phil,anthropist, a lover of mankind. 
 PERI — denotes around ; near, or nearest. 
 
 Peri,ph^ery, a line passing round, as of a circle. 
 
 PerijOd, a circuit, or revolution, as of time. 
 
 Peri,gee, the moon's orbital point nearest the earth. 
 
 Perijhelion, a planet's orbital point nearest the sun. 
 SYN. SYL SYM, SY — (sun) dcuote with ; together with. 
 
 Syn,thesis, a putting of things together. 
 
 Syl,lable, letters put together for utterance. 
 
 Syn,agogue, an assembly of Jews met together to worship; 
 a house for their worship. 
 
 Sym,pathy, accordance in feeling with others 
 
 3* 
 
30 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Sys,tem, a scheme of connected parts arranged. 
 
 Syn,opsis a collection of things viewed at once 
 STENO — (stenos) denotes narrow ; brief ; short. 
 
 StenOjg^rapher, one who writes ^Aor^-hand. 
 STEREO — (stereos) denotes solid ; firm. 
 
 StereOjtype, solid^ ov fixed types in plates. 
 
 Stereo,m'etry, the art of measuring solid bodies. 
 TOPO — (topos) denotes a place. 
 
 Topo,g'raphy, a description of some country, or place. 
 
 r 
 
 THEO — (Theos) denotes Gud. 
 
 Theo,rogy,- the science of God and divine things. 
 
 TheOjC'rasy, a government specially under God. 
 TYPO — (tupos) denotes type. 
 
 Typo, graphic, pertaining to printing. 
 zoo — (zo^on) denotes an animal, or beast. 
 
 ZoOjFogy, the natural history of a?ii?nals. 
 
 PREFIXES OF SAXON ORIGIN. 
 
 ALL — denotes most ; wholly, or in the highest degree. 
 
 All-cheering, most cheering ; as, all-cheering news. 
 
 All-abandoned, wholly abandoned ; forsaken. 
 
 All-important, important in the highest degree. 
 AFTER — denotes later ; latter, ov following. 
 
 After-noon, the part of the day vf\\\ch. follows noon. 
 
 After-part, the latter part, a§ of the day, or night. 
 BE — denotes nearness. It also adds intensity. 
 
 Be-siege, to lay sipge to with an armed force. 
 
 Be-deck, to adorn, or make more beautiful. 
 
 Be-times ; in good season ; seasonably. « 
 
 Be-witch, to fascinate by charms. 
 BY — denotes near ; aside. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 81 
 
 By-Stan der, one who stands near by. 
 
 By-path, an obscure way aside; a private path. 
 
 By-passage, a passage one side ; private. 
 FORE — denotes before, or in front. 
 
 Fore-tell, to tell ^t/brehand ; to predict. 
 
 Fore-show, to show beforehand. ; to foretelL 
 
 Fore-side, the front part, or side. 
 
 Fore-stall, to take ^ip/brehand ; to anticipate. 
 OUT — denotes Jeyon J ; excess. 
 
 Out-reach, to extend, or reach beyond. 
 
 Out-number, to number more ; to exceed. 
 
 Out-run, to exceed in running ; to run faster. 
 
 Out-general, to exceed in generalship. 
 OVER — denotes excess, or above, in place or ranit. 
 
 Over-anxious, too much anxiety, or excess. 
 
 Over-balance, excess of weight, or value. 
 
 Over-load, to load too heavily ; to ou<??-burdeii. 
 
 Over-do, to do, or perform too much. 
 UP — denotes rising; sustainin<r. 
 
 Up-lift, to raise, or elevate. Up-root, to tear up. 
 
 XJp-hold, to keep up, by sustaining. 
 
 Up-cast, casf up ; throAvn upward. 
 
 Up-heave, to heave, or lift up from beneath. 
 UNDER — denotes below; beneath; subordinate. 
 
 Under-current, a current beneath the surface. 
 
 Under-agent, a subordinate agent. 
 
 Under-let, to lease, or let below the value, 
 
 Under-officer, one subordinate in rank. 
 WITH — denotes opposing, or restraining. 
 
 With-stand, to oppose^ or to resist. 
 
 With-hold, to restrain ; to keep back. 
 
4 
 
 32 
 
 ANALYSIS OF TH 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE LATIN PREFIXES. 
 
 a ab abs. 
 
 From ; away from. 
 
 ad ac af ag al an ap | 
 ar as at. ) 
 
 To ; toward ; closeness, or u 
 
 ambi. 
 
 Both. 
 
 amb ampbi. 
 
 Around, or to. 
 
 ante. 
 
 Before. 
 
 ant anti. 
 
 Opposite ; against. 
 
 bene. 
 
 Good, or well. 
 
 bi bis. 
 
 Two. 
 
 cis. 
 
 On this side. 
 
 centu centi cent 
 
 A hundred. 
 
 contra contro counter. 
 
 Against ; opposition to. 
 
 con CO cog com eol cor. 
 
 With ; joined with, or togeth 
 
 circum. 
 
 Around ; about. 
 
 de. 
 
 From ; depriving of ; down. 
 
 di dis dif. 
 
 Separating; out of ; from. 
 
 duo du. 
 
 Two ; double. 
 
 e ex ef ec. 
 
 Out; out of ; from; beyond. 
 
 en em. 
 
 In, or upon. 
 
 equi. 
 
 Equal. 
 
 extra. 
 
 Beyond ; more than ; excess. 
 
 m ini ig il ir. 
 
 C Not ; with adj . and adv. 
 ( In ; into ; on ; with verbs. 
 
 inter. 
 
 Between ; among. '' 
 
 intro. 
 
 Within ; into ; unto. 
 
 infra. 
 
 Under ; below. 
 
 juris 
 
 Legal ; lawful ; right. 
 
 juxta 
 
 Near by ; nearness. 
 
 mis. 
 
 Wrong ; erroneous. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 33 
 
 male mal. 
 
 Ill ; evil ; bad. 
 
 multi. 
 
 IMany. 
 
 manu. 
 
 A hand. 
 
 non ne uii. 
 
 ( Not; with adj. and adv. 
 ( Undoing; with verbs. 
 
 noct. 
 
 ' Night. 
 
 ob oc of op. 
 
 In front; against; toward; in, or on 
 
 omni panto pan. 
 
 All. 
 
 pleni. 
 
 Full. 
 
 -preter. 
 
 Beyond ; past ; more than. 
 
 post. 
 
 After. 
 
 pro. 
 
 Fore ; forth ; forward ; out, or for 
 
 pre. 
 
 Before ; forward ; to surpass. 
 
 per. 
 
 Through ; by ; very ; over. 
 
 primo prim. 
 
 First ; original. 
 
 quad tetra. 
 
 Four. 
 
 re. , 
 
 Again ; back ; return. 
 
 retro. 
 
 Backward ; back. 
 
 se. 
 
 Separation ; withdrawal. 
 
 super supra sur. 
 
 Over and above ; beyond. 
 
 sex hex hexa.* 
 
 Six. 
 
 soli mono. 
 
 One ; alone. 
 
 sub subter sue suf 
 sup sus. 
 
 SU"" ) 
 
 ° > Under ; below ; after. 
 
 semi demi hemi. 
 
 Half. 
 
 sine. 
 
 Without. 
 
 trans ultra. 
 
 Across ; beyond ; change. 
 
 tri. 
 
 Three. 
 
 uni. 
 
 One. 
 
 * Hex and hexa, are of Greek origin. 
 
34 
 
 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE GREEK PREFIXES. 
 
 Wlien the prefix is from a Greek word, such word is given in Ro 
 man letters, and enclosed in a parenthesis. 
 
 Privation ; destitute of ; without. 
 
 Again ; against ; back. 
 
 Chief; beginning. 
 
 A star. 
 
 One's self. 
 
 From, 
 
 The best ; viz., noble, or nobles 
 
 a. 
 
 ana. 
 
 arch, (arche) 
 astro, (astron) 
 auto, (autos) 
 apo aph. 
 aristo, (aristos) 
 bio. (bios) 
 biblio. (biblion) 
 
 CclLd/* *" 
 
 chore, (chores) 
 
 chiro. (cheir) 
 
 chrono. (chronos) 
 
 cosmo. (cosmos) 
 
 dia. 
 
 dys. 
 
 deca dec. (deka) 
 
 eu. 
 
 epi. 
 
 entomo. (entoma) 
 
 geo, (ge) 
 
 homo, (homos) 
 
 hetero. (heteros) 
 
 hepta, (Latin scptcm) 
 
 helio. (helios) 
 
 hydro, (hudor) 
 
 hyper, (huper) 
 
 hypo, (hupo) 
 
 Life. 
 
 A book. 
 
 Against ; down. 
 
 A place, or country. 
 
 A hand. 
 
 Time. 
 
 The v/orld. 
 
 Through, 
 
 Bad ; difficult. 
 
 Ten. 
 
 Good ; well ; praise. 
 
 Li ; on ; upon. 
 
 An insect. 
 
 The earth. 
 
 Like ; similar. 
 
 Unlike ; dissimilar. 
 
 Seven. 
 
 The sun. 
 
 Water. 
 
 Over ; excess ; beyond. 
 
 Under. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 35 
 
 ichtliyo. (ichthus) 
 
 lexico. (lexikon) 
 
 litho. (lithos) 
 
 meta. 
 
 mytlio. (muthos) 
 
 miso mis. (misos) 
 
 osteo. (osteon) 
 
 ortho. (orthos) 
 
 ornitho. (ornithos) 
 
 octo octa Oct. (okto) 
 
 para. 
 
 proto. (protos) 
 
 penta. (pente) 
 
 physico physio, (phusis) 
 
 pyro. (pur) 
 
 poly, (polus) 
 
 philo phil. (pliilos) 
 
 peri. 
 
 syn syl sym sy. (sun) 
 
 steno. (stenos) 
 
 stereo, (stereos) 
 
 topo. (topos) 
 
 theo. (Theos) 
 
 typo, (tupos) 
 
 zoo (zoon) 
 
 A fish. 
 
 A dictionary. 
 
 A stone. 
 
 Change ; beyond. 
 
 A fable. 
 
 Hatred. 
 
 A bone. 
 
 Right ; correct. 
 
 A bird ; a fowl. 
 
 Eight. 
 
 Contrary ; beyond. 
 
 First ; chief. 
 
 Five. 
 
 Nature ; natural. 
 
 Fire. 
 
 Many. 
 
 Friend ; love ; lover. 
 
 Around ; near. 
 
 With ; together with.' 
 
 Narrow ; brief; short. 
 
 Solid ; firm. 
 
 A place. 
 
 God. 
 
 Type. 
 
 An animal ; a beast. 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF SAXON PREFIXES. 
 
 all. 
 after, 
 be. 
 by. 
 
 Most; wholly; in the highest degree 
 Later ; latter ; following. 
 Nearness. Adding intensity. 
 Near ; aside. 
 
36 
 
 fore. 
 
 out. 
 
 over. 
 
 up. 
 
 under 
 
 with. 
 
 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Before ; in front. 
 Beyond ; excess. 
 Excess ; above. 
 Rising ; sustaining. 
 Belovi^ ; beneath. 
 Opposing ; retaining. 
 
 SECTION V. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF PREFIXES. 
 
 In the subjoined section, the prefixes are arranged expressly for the 
 convenience of siicli teachers as may wisli their class to answer them 
 in eon cert. The teacher will pronounce each prefix, and the class, in 
 concert, will define it. 
 
 ambi, both. 
 bio, life, 
 chrono, time, 
 duo, two. 
 dia, through, 
 deca, ten. 
 hepta, seven, 
 omni, all. 
 octo, eight, 
 pleni, full, 
 penta, five, 
 proto, first, 
 pyro, fire, 
 tetra, four, 
 mono one. 
 para, beyond, 
 de, "from. 
 
 manu, the hand, 
 meta, a change, 
 multi, many, 
 poly, many, 
 post, after, 
 pre, before, 
 steno, short, 
 zoo, a beast, 
 biblio, a book, 
 helio, the sun. 
 ichthyo, a fish, 
 osteo, a bone, 
 ornitho, a fowl. 
 phj'sico, nature, 
 retro, backward, 
 coutro, opposition, 
 co], together 
 
ENGLISH LA.VGUAGE. 
 
 37 
 
 uni, one. 
 Theo, God. 
 ad, to. 
 noct, night. 
 quad, four, 
 sex, six. 
 .tri, three, 
 ante, before. 
 
 astro, a star, 
 
 auto, one^s self. 
 amphi, around, 
 bene, good ; well, 
 chiro, the hand, 
 choro, some place, 
 cosmo, the world, 
 contra, against, 
 circum, around, 
 extra, beyond, 
 equi, equal, 
 geo, the earth, 
 hydro, vv^ater. 
 hyper, over, 
 intro, w^ithin. 
 mter, between, 
 infra, below, 
 juxta, near to. 
 juris, legal, 
 litho, a stone. 
 stereo, solid, 
 mytho, a fable. 
 
 entomo, an insect. 
 
 lexico, a dictionary". 
 
 genea, lineage. 
 
 homo, same kind. 
 
 hetero, different kinds. ,, 
 
 epi, in, or on. 
 
 soli, alone. - 
 
 mono, one ; alone. 
 
 ortho, right ; correct. 
 
 preter, past ; beyond. 
 
 super, over ; above 
 
 centu, a hundred. 
 
 counter, opposite. 
 
 se, separation. 
 
 typo, type ; figure. 
 
 peri, near; under; about. 
 
 ana, again ; back. 
 
 aristo, the nobles. 
 
 anti ant, against. 
 
 bi bis, two parts. 
 
 hexa hex, six. 
 
 miso mis, hatred. 
 
 male mal, bad ; evil. 
 
 philo phil, a friend ; lover. 
 
 panto pan, all. 
 
 trans ultra, across. 
 
 apo aph, from ; away from 
 
 non ne un, not. 
 
 di, dis, separation ; not. 
 
 ob, in front ; before. 
 
 4 
 
38 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 SECTION VI. 
 AN EXERCISE APPLYING THE DEFINITION OF PREFIXES. 
 
 1. Let the teacher pronoiTnce the word to wliich the prefix is to b4 
 joined, and give its signification. 
 
 2. Let him next pronounce the word with its prefix joined, and asi 
 the pupil what it now means, and why. 
 
 3. The scliolar is then to give the definition ; and this he will readily 
 do, if he knows the true meaning of the prefix. 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 
 Teacher. Potent denotes having power. What does 
 
 Plenipotent mean ? 
 Pupil. Having fall power, 
 
 Teacher. Why ? 
 Pupil. Because pleni, means full ; and potent, having 
 
 power. * 
 
 Teacher. What does Own/potent mean ? 
 Pupil. Having all power. 
 
 Teacher. Why ? 
 
 Pupil. Because omni means all, &c. 
 
 Teacher. What does ?'w7potent mean 1 
 Pupil. Not having power. 
 
 Teacher. Why ? 
 
 Pupil. Because im, prefixed to adjectives and adverbs, 
 
 means not, &c. 
 
 Note. — Frequently exercising pupils on the following words, ac- 
 cording to the above example, will render them familiar with the 
 common import of the prefixes, and prompt in their just application. 
 
 im omni plcni. 
 mis pr^re. 
 over un. • 
 
 EXERCISE. 
 
 Potent, having power. 
 Judge, to form an opinion. 
 Load, to lay on a burden. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 39 
 
 ante mis post. 
 af pre post. 
 ad con re. 
 circum siibter. 
 dis en uri. 
 CO non un. 
 ec geo helio. 
 col ob sub. 
 bi equi multi. 
 demi hemi. 
 
 dis mono poly. 
 
 cis trans, 
 autp bio geo. 
 a pan tri. 
 over sur un. 
 ab dis e. 
 circum per. 
 op juxta. 
 a octo tri. 
 self pre re. 
 trans ultra, 
 semidia dia. 
 bi mal uni. 
 mis self un. 
 inde de pro. 
 chrono hydro, 
 com de sup. 
 deca hexa tetra. 
 dis en re. 
 mis pre self. 
 bene male. 
 
 1 
 
 Date, to note time. 
 Fix, to set, or place. 
 Join, to unite. 
 Fluent, a flowing. 
 Able, having power to do. 
 Essential, necessary. 
 Centric, pertaining to the center. 
 Ligation, the act of binding. 
 Lateral, pertaining to the side. 
 Sphere, a globe, or ball. 
 { Syllable, a combination of letters, utter- 
 ed by one impulse of the voice. 
 Atlantic, an ocean. 
 Graphic, a writing, or describing. 
 Theist, a believer in one God. 
 Charged, loaded. 
 Ruption, a bursting ; a breach. 
 Ambulate, to walk. 
 Position, situation ; attitude. 
 Petalous, having petals or flower leaves. 
 Elected, chosen. 
 Marine, pertaining to the sea, 
 Meter, a measure. 
 Form, shape ; figure. 
 Taught, instructed. 
 Pendent, hanging from. 
 Meter, a measure. 
 Press, to squeeze, or urge by force. 
 Chord, string of a harp, &c. 
 Close, to shut. 
 Opinion, a judgment formed. 
 Factor, an agent, or doer. 
 
40 ANALYSIS OF THK 
 
 SECTION YII. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF THE SUFFIXES. 
 
 A SUFFIX is a letter or letters, a syllable or syllables, ap- 
 pended to the end of a word, to add force, vary, or modify 
 Its signification ; thus, 
 
 The word act means something done, or to do something ; 
 but add or, and it becomes actor, and means the person who 
 does something. 
 
 Imprison means to confine in some place ; but add menty 
 and it becomes imprisonment, and implies the act of con- 
 fining in some place. 
 
 Such terminations as or and ment, in the above examples, 
 we call suffixes ; and, although they will not admit of as 
 precise definitions as the prefixes, yet they can be so classed 
 as to answer the general purposes of defining words. 
 
 The following are the principal suffixes in our language, 
 classified and defined, according to their general import. 
 
 THE SUFFIXES DEFINED AND EXEMPLIFIED. 
 
 ABLE, IBLE — imply that may be ; can be ; capable of being ; 
 ft, or worthy to be. 
 Amhble, that may be heard, or can be heard. 
 Taijable, that may be paid, or can be paid. 
 Movable, that may be moved, or can be moved. 
 Tamable, that may be tamed, or capable of being tamed. 
 YXe'nible, that may be bent, or can be bent. 
 Jjegible, that may be read, or can be read. 
 'Eligible, ft to be chosen, or worthy to be chosen. 
 ABJLITY, IBILITY, ABLENESS, IBLENESS — imply the property^ 
 or quality capable of being ; the state ; the capacity of 
 or the susceptibility of being. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 41 
 
 CompressibiUty, the quality of being compressed. 
 
 DiYisihility, the quality of being divisible. 
 
 \Ti^^VL\m.ableness, the capacity of taking tire, 
 
 J)esixableness, the quality of being desirable. 
 
 yiiserableness, the state of being miserable. 
 
 Mutability, susceptibility of change. 
 
 Durabilityj the property capable of lasting. 
 
 Tniableness, state deserving of compassion. 
 ANCE, ANCY, ENCE, ENCY, ION, MENT — imply the Gct of ; the 
 result of; the state ; the state of being ; the thing, or 
 that which. 
 
 Dependence, ) a ^^a^e 0/ hanging down from supporter; 
 
 Dependency, ) reliance ; trust. 
 
 'EdneYge7ice, ) the act of rising out of, as out of water ; 
 
 Emergency, ) an occurrence not expected. 
 
 Contrivflfnce, the act of planning ; the thi?ig planned. 
 
 Compliance, the act of complying, or willingness. 
 
 Navigat/ion, the act of sailing, or the state fit for sailing. 
 
 Vnion, the act of joining, or the state of being joined. 
 
 Progression, the act of moving forward ; an advance. 
 
 Immers^on, the act of plunging into, or the state of &c. 
 
 Concession, the act of yielding ; the thing yielded. 
 
 Confinement, the state of being confined. 
 
 Debasement, the act of debasing, or a state of, &c. 
 
 Excitement, the act of exciting ; the state of, &c. 
 
 Commitment, the act of committing, or the state of Slc, 
 
 Consignment, the act o/'consigning, or the thing consigned. 
 
 Amusement, that which, or the thing which, amuses. 
 ANT, ENT — imply the person who, or the thing which, when 
 the word is a noun. 
 
 Defendant, the person who defends. 
 
 President, the 7?ian who presides over. 
 
 4* 
 
42 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Deponen/, the person who makes a deposition. 
 
 Combata;^^, one who contends Avith another. 
 
 Delinqufi/i^, one who fails to do his duty. 
 
 Supplia/2?, one who entreats submissively. 
 
 Expectant, one who waits in expectation of. 
 
 Iijhabitan^ one who has a fixed residence in. 
 ANT, ENT — require the defining word to end in ing, or a pres- 
 ent participle, when the word is an adjective. 
 
 Abstinent refrainmo- from indulo^ence-. 
 
 Confident, havz'no- full belief; trust/»o^. 
 
 Efficient, causmo- effects ; produc?/?^. 
 
 Deficient, wdjniing ; defective. 
 
 Refulge/j?, shin?/?o-, or cd^^Xing a light. 
 
 Cohere/?;, stick^/?o■, or cleavmo- together. 
 
 Coincide^/, idlling, or raeeiing on the same point. 
 
 Circumfluent, lowing around ; surroundmo-. 
 
 Coexistent, exist?;?^ at the same time. 
 
 Evanescent, vanishm«- ; passmo- away. 
 
 Indulgent, yield^no- to the wishes of others. 
 
 Reluctant, strivzn^ slightly against ; unwilh'no-, 
 AC, ic, AL, ARY — lYCLxAy jyertavuiig to; belonging to; relating 
 to, or consisting of. 
 
 Demoniac, pertaining to demons, or evil spirits. 
 
 Elegiac, belonging to elegy, a mournful poem. 
 
 Organzc, pertaining to an organ, or organs. 
 
 Domestic, belojiging to the house, or home. 
 
 Romantzc, pertaining to romance ; fanciful. 
 
 Acadenu'c, belonging to an academy. 
 
 Arteria/, pertaining to an artery, or arteries. 
 
 Imperia/, pertaining to an empire, or emperor. 
 
 Nomina/, pertaining to a name, or names. 
 
 Patrimonia/, pertaining to a patrimony. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 43 
 
 Provinciff/, pertaining to a province. 
 
 Materia/, consisting of matter ; not spiritual. * 
 
 Planetary, pertaining to the planets. 
 
 Literary, pertaiimig to letters, or literature. 
 
 Numerary, belonging to a certain number. 
 
 Perusa/,* the act of perusing, or reading with care. 
 
 Refusa/, the act of refusing, or denying. 
 
 Remova/, the act of moving to another place. 
 
 Renewal, the act o/' renewing, or forming anew. 
 ATE — This suffix requires the particle /o, to be prefixed to 
 the definer ; thus, 
 
 Illustrate, to make clear ; to explain. 
 
 Tolerate, to suffer to be ; to allow ; to permit 
 
 Cultivate, to till ; to manure ; tu improve. 
 
 Vindica/e, to defend ; to justify ; to avenge 
 
 Extermina^f, to destroy utterly ; to root out. 
 
 Oblitera^6%t to efface ; to expunge ; to blot out. 
 DOM, RIG — imply jurisdiction, or possession. 
 
 Dukec?am, the possessions of a duke. 
 
 'Kingdom, the territory subject to a king. 
 
 Bishopr^r, the jurisdiction of a bishop. 
 EN — implies made of; consisting of or resembling, when suf- 
 fixed to nouns. 
 
 Wixchen, made of birch, or consisting of birch. 
 
 * When al, is suffixed to a word, which, before its addition, was a 
 verb, it denotes the act of. 
 
 \ Most words ending in ate, are verbs, and may very generally be 
 defined like the above, by a synonymous verb in the infinitive mode. 
 The few of that termination which are adjectives, commonly denote 
 qualittj, or state; as, Effeminate, having the qualities of the female 
 sex ; Illiterate, the state of being unlearned. Some few are nouns ; as^ 
 Candidate. 
 
44 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Earthew, made 0/ earth, or clay. 
 
 Flaxf'/?, ?nadeoff[3iX; resembling flax. 
 
 Gold^'n, made of, or consisting of gold ; like gold. 
 
 Hempen, made of or consisting ofliemp. 
 
 Waxew., 7nade of or consisting o/'wax. 
 EN — implies ^0 7nake, when suffixed to adjectives. 
 
 Brighten, to make bright, or brighter. 
 
 Softe7i, to make soft, or softer. 
 
 Sharpen, to make sharp, or sharper. 
 
 Weaken, to make weak, or weaker. 
 
 Strengthen, to make strong, or stronger 
 
 Lengthen, to make longer ; to extend. 
 FUL, OSE — imply full of or abounding with. 
 
 Care/w/, full of csire ; giving ^oot/ heed. ^^ 
 
 Fruitful, abounding with fruit ; productive. 
 
 Verbose, abounding with words ; wordy. 
 
 Vl^yful, Hope/*J, Spite/w/, Distrust/wZ, Opero^e, &c. 
 HOOD, SHIP — imply slate ; ojfice, or quality. 
 
 ManAooc?, the state of being a man. 
 
 WomanAoo^, state, or qualities of a woman. 
 
 Childhood, the state of being a child. 
 
 PriestAoof?, the office of a priest. 
 
 Professors'Az/}, the office of a professor. 
 
 Lord^^zp, the state, or quality of being a lord. 
 
 Partner^/tzp, a state of connection in business. 
 
 HardiAoo^, the quality of being bold. 
 IZE, FY, FIT, Fic, FEROUS — imply to make, or to become; pio 
 ducing, or causing. 
 
 Equalz'^^e, to make equal, or to produce equality. 
 
 hegalize, to make lawful ; to authorize. 
 
 Tranquihze, to make calm, or peaceful. 
 
 Crystaha^e, to cause to form crystals. 
 
 Sancti/y, to make pure, or holy. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 45 
 
 Simpli/y, to mahe simple, or plain. 
 
 Beauti/y, to make happy, or cause to be liappy. 
 
 Solidi/y, to make solid, or compact. 
 
 Terri/ic, causing terror, fear, or dread. 
 
 Somni^c, producing sleep. 
 
 Calori^c, the quality o^ producing heat. 
 
 YXoYiferous, producing flowers. 
 
 yieWiferous^ producing honey. 
 
 Bacciyerow^, producing berries. 
 ITY, CY — imply the state of being ; quality, ox power, 
 
 SterihYy, the state of being unproductive. 
 
 TranquilhVy, the state of being calm; composed. 
 
 Security, a state of being secure ; in a safe state. 
 
 HostihVy, the state o/'war, or private enmity. 
 
 Celibacy, a state q/" single life ; unmarried. 
 
 Supremacy, the state of being supreme. 
 
 Intimacy, the state (f being familiar with. 
 
 Elastic^7y, the power of springing back.* 
 SH — implies like, or similar to, when suffixed to nouns. 
 
 Childi^A'A, like a child, or similar to a child. 
 
 Yoolish, like a fool, or similar to a fool. 
 
 Bruti^/?, like a brute^, or similar to a brute. 
 
 Clownz*^, like a clown, or similar to a clown. 
 
 Boy/i'A, like a boy, or similar to a boy. 
 
 Muh-s-A, like a mule ; sullen ; stubborn. 
 
 Foppi,?//, like a fop ; vain of dress. 
 
 Wagg/^A, like a wag ; mischievous in sport. 
 
 Girlish, like a girl ; befitting a girl. 
 
 * Words ending in ity, ma,y be defined by siillfixing vcss, to a syn- 
 onymous definer; thus, Concavity, hollow?? es.? ; CeldKty, quick^iess; 
 Velocity, swiftness; Temerity, rashness; Acidity, sourness; Edacity, 
 gi'erediwess ; Audacity, bold*^^, *k«. 
 
 \ 
 
46 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 ISH — 18 equivalent to somewhat^ implying, in some degree^ 
 when suffixed to adjectives.* 
 
 Damp?.vA, somewhat damp, or moist. 
 
 Coolz-s-A, somewhat cool, or cool in some degree. 
 
 Greenish, somewhat green, or green in some degree. 
 
 Sour?.sA, somewhat sour, or sour in some degree. 
 
 DarkuA, somewhat dark ; dusky. 
 
 Reddi^A, somewhat red, or red in some degree. 
 IVE — implies tending to, or the power of; relating to, or the 
 nature of ; sometimes containing, or quality. \ 
 
 Deluszt;e, tending to deceive ; deceptive. 
 
 Impress/ue, tending to make an impression. 
 
 PreventiUf?, tending to hinder ; hindering. 
 
 Dissuas«;e, tending to dissuade, or turn from. 
 
 Subversive, tending to subvert, or overthrow. 
 
 CvedXive, having power to create, or make. 
 
 Product/ue, having the power o/" producing. 
 
 CompuIs/V(?, having the power to compel. 
 
 DitTuswe, having the qualify q/' diffusing. 
 
 Attractzue, having the quality of attracting. 
 
 Destructive, causing destruction. 
 
 ExhoYtniive, containing exhortation* 
 
 Defectu'ip, containing defects ; wanting, 
 ics — implies the science, doctrine, or art of 
 
 Acoustic^', the science o/' sounds, teaching their cause. 
 
 O^iiics, the science which treats of light. 
 
 Eth/'c>?, the doctrines of morality ; moral science. 
 
 Techn/c.9, the doctrine r^/'arts in general. 
 
 * In a few instances, ish imjihes nationality ; as, Englisli, Spanish, 
 Danish, Tnrkisli^ewish, <tc. 
 
 f In some few cases, ive implies a person ; ns, Executive, the man 
 Kho administers the government ; Representative, one who acts as an 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 47 
 
 Pneumatzc^-, the science of elastic fluids, as air. 
 ILE — implies pertaining, or belonging to ; easily. 
 
 Puerile, pertaining to boys, or youth. 
 
 Juven?7e, pertaining to, or suited to youth. 
 
 MercantiZe, pertaining to commerce. 
 
 lufanti/^, pertaining to infancy, or to an infant. 
 
 T)ocile, easily instructed ; teachable. 
 
 Frag«7^, easily broken ; liable to fail ; brittle. 
 
 Flex27e, easily beni , that which can be bent. 
 ISM — implies doctrines ; principles ; state; opinions ; practice, 
 or peculiar to. 
 
 Calvinz57n, the doctrines of Cah'in. 
 
 Materiah-sw, the doctrine of materialists. 
 
 Puritan^>w^, the principles of the puritans. 
 
 DQism, the doctrine, or creed of a deist. 
 
 Fatab.s"/w, the doctrine of fate, or necessity. 
 
 Heatben/.vw, the state of being ignorant of God. 
 
 Modern/6r;??5, recent, or uvodieTTX practices . 
 
 m 
 
 Gallici^w, peculiar to the French language. 
 
 Anglici.577?, peculiar to the English language. 
 LESS — implies without, or destitute of. 
 
 YioYieless, without hope, or destitute q/"hope. 
 
 Yeduxless, without fear, or destitute of fear. 
 
 MotionZe^^, without motion ; at rest. 
 
 ComfortZei'.v, without comfort ; miserable. 
 
 SleepZi".95, without sleep ; having no sleep. 
 LY — implies like, or siinilar to, when suflixed to a noun. 
 
 Saint/y, like a saint. Ghost/y, like a ghost. 
 
 Man/y, like a man. Prince Zy, like a prince. 
 
 FriendZy, like a friend ; similar to a friend.- 
 
 Coward/y, like a coward ; timid ; fearful. 
 
 NeighborZy, like a neighbor ; kind ; civil. 
 
48 ANALTSISOFTHE 
 
 LY— implies in a — manner, when suffixed to an adjective 
 
 Neat/y, in a neat manner ; with neatness. 
 
 FaintZy, in a faint manner ; feebly. 
 
 Forcib/y, in a forcible manner ; powerfully, 
 
 Silent/y, in a silent manner ; without noise. 
 
 Rough/y, in a rough manner ; uncivilly. 
 
 Plain/y, in a plain manner ; sincerely. 
 
 Blind/y, in a blind manner ; without sight. 
 
 Proud/y, in a proud manner ; haughtily. 
 
 Sober/y, in a sdhex manner ; seriously. 
 
 Prudent/y, in a prudent manner ; discreetly. 
 
 Graceful/y, in a graceful 7nanner ; elegantly. 
 
 Quiet?y, in a quiet manner ; calmly. 
 
 Discreetly, in a discreet manner ; prudently. 
 
 Modest/y, in a modest manner ; decently. 
 NESS — implies an abstract quality* or a state of. 
 
 Soilness, the quality of easily yielding to pressure. 
 
 Limberne^^", the quality of being easily bent. 
 
 Manli 71656% the qualities of a man ; dignity. 
 
 Mellowne^i-, the quality of being soft ; softness. 
 
 'Biiierness, the quality which excites a biting sense. 
 
 Redne55, the quality of being red ; blood color. 
 
 Brightne55, the quality of being bright. 
 
 Goodne^-^, the quality of being good. 
 
 Sound/ie^^, the state of being sound. 
 
 Y^miness, the state of being faint. 
 
 Lamene^^, the state of being lame. 
 
 "RemolQuess, the state of being remote ; far off. / 
 
 * Round, is having the form of a circle ; and roundness, is the 
 abstract quality of such a figure, witliout reference to any thing to 
 which it applies, whether a wheel, a globe, an aople, or whatever may 
 have that form. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 49 
 
 ORY — implies containing ; tending to ; a jjlace ; power of.* 
 
 Mandatory, containing a command. 
 
 Explanatory, containing an explanation. 
 
 Promissory, containing a promise. 
 
 Admonitory, containing an admonition. 
 
 Inflammatory, tending to inflammation. 
 
 Consolatory, tending t give comfort. 
 
 Derogatory, tending to lessen in reputation. 
 
 Observato^'y, a place for observation. 
 
 Laboratory, a place for chemical experiments. 
 
 Depository, a place where deposits are made. 
 
 Dilatory, tending to delay ; tardy ; slow. * 
 
 "Sompulsory, having power to compel. 
 OUS — implies containing ; partaking of ; consisting «' ful 
 of^ or relating to. 
 
 Slanderous, containing slander ; reproachful. 
 
 HumoroMs, containing humor ; exciting laughter 
 
 Villanows, partaking of villany ; very vile. 
 
 ResinoM5', partaking of resin ; like resin. 
 
 Invidious, partaking of envy; provoking envy 
 
 Amphibioi^s, partaking of two natures. 
 
 Ponderous, partaking of weight ; very heavy. 
 
 Murderous, consisting in murder ; cruel. 
 
 Numerous, consisting of numbers ; many. 
 
 Bilio7/s, consisting of bile ; partaking of bile. 
 
 Miscellaneous, consisting of various topics. 
 
 Clamorous, full of noise ; vociferous ; noisy. 
 
 * Words ending in ori/, as a S7iffix, may be very well defined by join 
 ing ing, to that form of the word which remains after dropping or^f 
 with those changes of letters reqmred by that termination ; thus, Pro- 
 hibitory, prohibit'iw^ ; Declaratory, decinnng; Explanatory, explain- 
 inff ; Promiesory, promiet'iigr, &c 
 
 S 
 
50 ANALY3ISOFTH2 
 
 MisciiievoM^, fall 0/ mischief ; inclined to injure. 
 
 Tumultuf^wi-, full of Xuvcmh ; disorderly. 
 
 Populo?/^, full o/* people ; abounding with people. 
 oiD — implies resembling. 
 
 VariolozV/, a disease resembling small-pox. 
 
 Aster^nc?, a small planet resembling a star. 
 
 SpenozV/, resembling a wedge, as to form. 
 
 'I'ypho/c?, a fever resembling typhus fever. 
 SOME — implies possessing a degree of; quality of or causing 
 
 Hand.yome, possessing a degree of beauty. 
 
 Gladivymf , causing a degree ofjoj ; joyful. 
 
 Troublesome, causing trouble, or disturbance ; annoying. 
 
 Burdensome, causing uneasiness, or fatigue. 
 
 Wholesome, possessing a healthful quality. 
 
 "Wearisome, causing weariness, or fatigue. 
 ED — is a verbal and participial termination, implying past 
 
 time of action. It expresses its own meaning ; yet, it 
 
 may sometimes be made more explicit by adding was, or 
 
 did, to the past tense of the verb ; as, I walkec? ; mean- 
 ing I did walk. 
 ING — is a participial termination, implying a time oi progres- 
 sive action ; and may be rendered with direct reference 
 
 to that time, continuing to. 
 ING — is also frequently used to express some article, or 
 
 thing ; as, 
 
 Clothing, Shippmo-, Sheeting, Testing, Carpet/n^. 
 
 AST, ER, ESS, EE, EER, IAN, 1ST, ITE, IX, OR, RESS, SAN, ZEN 
 
 imply a person, or thing, when used as suffixes, er, how- 
 ever, has many exceptions, as occurring in' the compar- 
 ison of adjectives. Some of the others, also, have a few 
 exceptions. ess and ix, always denote the feminine 
 gender 
 
ENGLISH LANOHJA»E. 51 
 
 Baker, one whose occupation is to bake. 
 Enthusia?^, a person of ardent zeal in some cause. 
 Auctioneer, the person who sells at auction. 
 Historzan, a writer , or compiler of history. 
 Poete*^, Trustee, Morah>/, Paras^7«, Executr/a:, Instructor, 
 Seamstre^^, Arti^o-n, Deni^ew, all imply persons. 
 AR, ARD, ADO, STER, ATE, oso — in somc fcw casos, imply a 
 person ; as, in 
 Beggar, Diunkard, BravaJo, Team^/er, Candidate, Virtu 
 osOf Coward, Wizard, &lc. 
 CLE, ET, KIN, LING, LET, ULE — in many cases, imply little, 
 or young ; as, in 
 Versic/e, a little verse ; Turret, a little tower ; LambAz'n, & 
 little lamb ; T>Mc]ding, a Utile duck ; FiUe^, a little 
 band ; Globu/e, a little globe, &c. 
 ERY — as a suffix, frequently implies an art, or practice ; as, m 
 
 Cookery, Quackery, Witchery, Surgery, Gunnery, &;c. 
 ERY — sometimes implies a place where something is made 
 or done ; as, in 
 Brewery, Fish*^ry, Tannery, Grocery, Nursery, &c. 
 
 Y — as a suffix to monosyllables, implies some, or abundance 
 of; as, in 
 
 Rainy, some rain, or abundance of rB,in. 
 Grassy, Hilly, Sandy, Shady, Frosty, Marshy, Dewy, 
 Fleshy, Slimy, Faulty, Spicy, Curly, Shaggy, &c. 
 
 "Note. — It must be remembered that the foregoing definitions to the 
 suffixes, can not be expected precisely to meet every case in the lan- 
 guage ; biit, from careful examination of some thousands of words, it 
 is believed they will answer all the common purposes of defining ; and, 
 generally, enable the pupil clearly to perceive the several modifications 
 of import, produced by their combinations with the primitive word. 
 
I>3 
 
 ANALYSIS or THE 
 
 SECTION VIII. 
 
 able ible. 
 ability ibility. 
 ableness ibleness 
 ance ancy ion ) 
 ence ency merit. J 
 ant ent. 
 
 ac ic al ary. 
 
 dom ric. 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE SUFFIXES. 
 
 That may be ; can be ; capable of bemg 
 
 !The property, or quality capable of be- 
 ing ; the state, or susceptibility of being. 
 The act of; the state ; the state of be- 
 ing, or the thing. 
 The person who, or thing which. 
 i Pertaining to ; belonging to ; relating to 
 I consisting of. 
 
 Jurisdiction ; possession. 
 Made of; consisting of, or to make, (fee. 
 Full of ; abounding with. 
 State ; office ; quality. 
 
 en. 
 
 ful ose. 
 
 hood ship. 
 
 ize fy fit fie ferous. To make, or become. 
 
 The state of being ; quality ; power. 
 Like ; similar to ; somewhat. 
 Tending to ; relating to ; power of. 
 The science ; art of; doctrine ; state, &;c. 
 Pertaining to ; easily. 
 Without ; destitute of. 
 The abstract quality, or state. 
 Containing ; tending to ; place. 
 Containing ; partaking of ; full of. 
 Possessing a degree of; causing. 
 
 Commonly imply the person, or thing. 
 
 Sometimes denote a pere( n. 
 Little, or young. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE 53 
 
 SECTION IX. 
 
 RULES FOR FORMING DERIVATIVE WORDS. . 
 
 Rule 1. Final e, must be dropped before the addition 
 of a syllable, or suffix beginning with a vowel ; as, 
 
 blame guide recite globe -.-- 
 
 blamaiZe guida?ice recita? globular 
 
 Exception. Words ending in ge, or ce, commonly retain 
 € final, before able and ous ; as, 
 
 peace charge change notice 
 
 peacea5Ze cYizxgeahle changeaJZe woiiceahle. 
 Rule 2. Final e, is retained before ly, les^ ness, ful^ 
 and so?ne ; and generally before ment ; as, 
 
 wise hope base peace 
 
 wise/y hope/uZ h^seness peaceZey^ 
 
 state blithe noise grace 
 
 statement blithesome noiseless gr2Lceful 
 
 Exception. Awe, argue, due, true, lodge, judge, abridge, 
 whole, and acknowledge, do not retain e ; as, 
 
 awe due argue awe 
 
 SiWful dull/ RTgument awless 
 
 Rule 3. When the letter y, terminates a primitive 
 word, or occurs as the final letter in any of the derivative 
 forms, and in either case another letter or suffix is added, y 
 is commonly changed into i, except before ing ; as, 
 comely fury merry 
 
 comelme^^ furious merriment 
 
 mercy joHy holy 
 
 merciful jolh7y holiness 
 
 Exception 1 . Y, is sometimes changed into e ; as, 
 duty beauty pity plenty 
 
 duteous beauteoMJ piteous plenteow* 
 
 5^ 
 
64 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 ExcepH'in 2. When y, is preceded by a vowel in the 
 
 same "syllable, except in lay, say, and pay, it remains un- 
 <;hanged ; as, 
 
 boy betray annoy 
 
 hoyish betrayecZ annoyance 
 
 play delay convey 
 
 play/;?^ delayzwo- conveya^/c 
 
 Rule 4. Y, is never changed when followed by ing; as 
 fly try deny complj^ 
 
 ^ying try/;?^ deny?wo comply/?}^- 
 
 Rule 5. Verbs ending in le, change those letters into y, 
 before in^ as, 
 
 die tie vie belie 
 
 dying ti/ing vym^g* belymo' 
 
 Rule 6. Monosyllables, and words accented on the last 
 syllable, ending with a single consonant, preceded by a sflort 
 vowel, double that consonant before an additional syllable 
 beginning with a vowel ; as, 
 
 gun pet rob snap 
 
 gunner pet^ccZ robber snsippisk 
 
 Rule 7. Monosyllables ending w*ith a single consonant 
 preceded by a digraph, or diphthong, do not double the 
 consonant in their derivatives ; as, 
 
 chief clear aid ail 
 
 chiefly 'clearZy aid?n_^ ail/nen^ 
 
 Exception. If, in forming the derivatives, one letter of. 
 the digraph is dropped, the consonant is sometimes doubled; 
 as, appeal, appel/an^ ; fail, fal/i6/e. 
 
 Note. Ilie verbs befall, install, miscall, recall, forestall, inihrall, 
 foretell, distill, instill, fulfil, retam both consonants. Such words as 
 end in dd, jf, ss, also retain both in their derivatives; as, odd, odd- 
 nesi; stitf, stiff/y; bliss, bliss/'j/^; hiss, hissing. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 65 
 
 Rule -8. When t, or s, precedes fi final, in such words 
 as admit ion^ e is dropped and ion added ; as, 
 
 legate promote dilate diffuse 
 
 legat^or^ promotzon dilat/on diffusion 
 
 Rule 9. Many words in ate, drop te, and either take hle^ 
 or cij ; as, 
 
 estimate agitate accurate delicate 
 
 estima5/e agitaZ^Ze accuracy delicacy 
 Rule 10. y, before the suffixes, ous, al, and able, is 
 chewed to i, and commonly retained ; as, 
 
 rely deny injury 
 
 reliable denial injurious 
 
 » 
 
 Note. — ^Tlie exceptions are few, and rarely increase tiie number of 
 syllables in tiie word ; as, mutiny, mutinow*. 
 
 Rule 11. Most words ending in^y, change y, into z, and 
 take cation ; as, t 
 
 deify fortify notify 
 
 deification fortifica^?'on notification 
 
 Exception. A few words ending in fy, drop y, and take 
 action ; as, 
 
 stupefy tumefy petrify 
 
 stupefaction tumefaction petrifac/ion 
 
 Rule 12. Many words ending ize, drop e, and take 
 ation ; as, 
 
 legalize civilize generalize 
 
 legalization civiliza//on generalization 
 
 Note. — Some few words also, not ending in ize, take ation ; as, 
 sense • form inflame 
 
 uensatioa foimation inflamma^z<?» 
 
56 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION X. 
 
 AN EXERCISE IN FORMING DERIVATIVES BY SUFFIXES. 
 
 The following exercises are specimens of the manner in which deriv- 
 ative words are formed by suffixes ; and, they also exemplify the pre 
 ceding rnlea Tlie hyphen ( - ) shows that each suffix, consecutively 
 one by one, is to be united with its primitive, or the word thus used, 
 thereby forming the several derivatives ; as, • 
 
 1. Help-ed-er-ing-ful-less. 2. Mix-ed-er-ing-ture-aHe. 
 When thus combined, form the words, 
 
 1. Helped, Helper, Helping, Helpful, Helpless. 
 
 2. Mixed, Mixer, Mixing, Mixture, Mixable. 
 
 I^OTE, — ^Tlie termination ed, in the past tense and participles oi 
 verbs, retains the vowel e, in this work, for the sake of showing the 
 orthography ; but, in customary pronunciation, this vowel is omitted, 
 except after 4 and t ; as, in Mixed, Wished, Loved, pronounced, Mixt^ 
 Wishf, Lovd. (. 
 
 1. Exercise in forming derivatives by suffixes. 
 
 Tax-ed-er-ing. Talk-ed-er-ing. 
 
 Wish-ed-er-ing. Nail-ed-er-ing 
 
 2. Exercise. See Rules 1st and 2d with their exceptions 
 
 Bake-ed-er-ing. Skate-ed-er-ing. 
 
 Trade-ed-er-ing. Taste-ed-er-ing. 
 
 3. Exercise. See Rule 1st. 
 
 Admire-able-ability. Di fiuse-ible-ibility. 
 
 Improve-able-ability. Infuse-ible-ibility. 
 
 4. Exercise. See exception 2d under K^jN^ 3d. 
 
 Obey-ed-ing. Annoy-ed-ing. 
 
 Delay-ed-ing. Destroy-ed-ing. 
 
 5. Exercise. See Rule 3d. 
 
 Glory-ous-ously. Melody-ous-ously. 
 
 Envy-ous-ously. Penury-ous-ously. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 57 
 
 6. Exercise. See 1st exception under Rule 3d. 
 
 Duty-ous-ously. 
 Pity-ous-ously. 
 
 7. Exercise. See Rule 4t.h. 
 
 Fry-ing. 
 Cry-ing. 
 
 8. Exercise. See Rule 6tli. 
 
 Skim-mer-med. 
 ^ Whip-per-ped-ping. 
 
 9. Exercise. See Rule 7tli. 
 
 Chain-ed-inor. 
 Rain-ed-inor. 
 
 10. Exercise. See Rule Sth, 
 
 Educate-ion. 
 Obligate-ion. 
 
 11. Exercise. See Rule 9tli. 
 
 Separate-ble-bility. 
 Imitate-ble-bility. 
 
 12. Exercise. See Rule 10th. 
 
 Comply-able. 
 Apply-able. 
 
 13. Exercise. See Rule 11th and its exception. 
 
 Purify-cation. 
 Edify-cation. 
 
 14. Exercise. See Rule 12th. 
 
 Moralize-ation. 
 Christianize-ation. 
 
 15. Exercise. See note under Rule 12th. 
 
 Recite-ation. Found-ation. 
 
 Accuse-ation. Condemn-ation. 
 
 Beauty-ous-ously. 
 Plenty-ous-ously. 
 
 Mortify-ing-ingly. 
 Satisfy-ing-ingly. 
 
 Refer-red-ring. 
 Concur-rent-rence 
 
 Load-ed-ing. 
 Sail-ed-ing. 
 
 Suffuse-ion. 
 Confuse-ion. 
 
 Confederate-cy. 
 Intimate-cy. 
 
 Patrimony-al. 
 Harmony-ous. 
 
 Satisfy-action. 
 Rareiy-action. 
 
 Crystalize-ation, 
 Realize-ation. 
 
 ^n 
 
58 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XL 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF SUFFIXES. 
 
 A few exorcises, under each of the following examples, in carrying 
 out the subjoined words, will aid scholars in the general formation of 
 derivatives. 
 
 The suffixes of our language are, to a great extent, grouped together 
 in classes of similar formations. All words, however, do not embrace 
 the whole family, as given below ; but such as are taken, are members 
 of it. 
 
 The suffix ful, takes some, or all of those which follow it, as shown 
 by No. 1 ; and the same is true of the other classes. 
 
 1 . ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly-lessness. 
 
 2. ish-ishly-ishness. 11. ize-ized-ization. 
 
 3. ic-ical-ically. 12. ate-ated-ating-ation. 
 
 4. able-ably-ableness. 13. ed-edly-edness. 
 
 5. ible-ibleness-ibility. 14. fy-fied-fying-fication. 
 
 6. ous-ously-oiisness. 15. ion-al-ality. 
 
 7. ive-ively-iveness. 16. ory-orily. 
 
 8. ence-ent-ently. 17. some-somely. 
 
 9. ed-er-ing. 18. ist-ism. 
 
 10. ment-al-ary. 19. en-ened-ening. 
 
 EXAMPLES. 
 
 1. Hope-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly-lessness. 
 
 Faith, Health, Art, Care, &c., are formed like Hope 
 
 2. Child-ish-ishly-ishness. 
 
 Fool, Slave, Clown, &:c., are foiled like Child. 
 
 3. Metliod-ic-ical-ically. 
 
 Poet, Angel, Alphabet, &:c,, the same as Method. 
 
 4. Cliange-able-ably-ableness-ability. 
 
 Accept, Commute, Blame, Sic , same as Change. 
 
/ 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 69 
 
 5. Resist-ible-ibly-ibility. 
 
 Compress, Defense, Contract, &c., same as Resist. 
 
 6. Danger-ous-ously-ousness. 
 
 Glory, Slander, Ruin, <&;c., same as Danger. 
 
 7. Attract-ive-ively-iveness. 
 
 Diffuse, Oppress, Coerce, &c., same as Attract. 
 
 8. Dep€nd-ence-ent-ently. 
 
 Indulge, Confide, Differ, &c., same as Depend. 
 
 9. Muffle-ed-er-ing, 
 
 Ramble, Swindle, Grumble, <fcc., same as Muffle. 
 
 10. Aliment-al-ary. 
 
 Element, Supplement, &c., same as Aliment. 
 
 11. Real-ize-ized-izing-ization. 
 
 Civil, Human, Moral, &c., same as Real. 
 
 12. Obligate-ed-ing-ion. 
 
 Indicate, Accelerate, &c., same as Obligate. 
 
 13. Confuse-ed-edly. 
 
 Conceit, Content, Refine, &c., same as Confuse. 
 
 14. Clarify-ed-ing-cation. 
 
 Gratify, Modify, Sanctify, &c., same as Clarify. 
 
 15. Nation-al-ality. 
 
 Constitution, Form, &:c., same as Nation. 
 
 16. Contradict-ory-orily. 
 
 Interrogate, Derogate, &c., same as Contradict. 
 
 17. Trouble-some-somely-someness. 
 
 Delight, Loathe, Toil, &c., same as Trouble. 
 
 18. Method-ist-ism. 
 
 Federal, Formal, Roman, &c., same as Method 
 
 19. Sharp-en-ened-ening. 
 
 Sweet, Soft, Hard, Quick, &c., same as Sharp 
 
60 A X A L y S I S O F T H F 
 
 SECTION XII. 
 
 SPECIAL RULES FOR FORMING DERIVATIVES BY FREFIXEI^ 
 
 Many words, so far as respects the English language, aTe 
 primitives ; yet in that language from which they are de- 
 rived, they are either compound, or derivative words. Such^ 
 especially, are words of Greek and Latin origin. For ex- 
 ample. Abscond, so far as our language alone is concernedyis 
 a primitive word, because we have no such English word as 
 scond. But in the Latin, from which it is derived, the word 
 is a compound, from the prepositions ahs and con, and the 
 verb do. Also, Advert, in English, is primitive, but in Latin, 
 from which it is derived, it is compounded of ad^ meaning to, 
 and verto, to turn. Hence, Advert signifies to turn to. 
 Now, supposing the word and its prefixes to stand thus, 
 re-a-Ad,vert, or thus, re-a. Ad,vert, we first take away ad, 
 and substitute a, which is- anolher Latin preposition, and it 
 becomes yi,vert, and literally means to turn away. Again, we 
 drop a, and substitute re in its place, and it becomes ivf ,vert, 
 signifying to turn back. Hence, it must not be forgotten by 
 the student, that, in all cases, when one prefix is to be drop- 
 ped, and another substituted in its place, this class of primi- 
 tive words will be printed thus. Con, vert, Ac, cord, Ex, elude, 
 De,flect ; and that the part of the word which precedes the 
 comma, must be dropped, when another prefix is to be used. 
 
 EXAMPLE, % 
 
 at-dis-de-re-pro. Con, tract, to draw together. 
 
 Explanation. — First drop con, and substitute pro, and it 
 becomes Protract, to draw out. Again, drop pro, ar^d substir» 
 tute /?, and it forms Retract, to draw back. In th« same 
 
E N O L I S H L A N' G U A G E. 6l 
 
 itianner, de forms D-ctract, to draw away from ; dis forms Dis- 
 tract, to draw apa^ or to separate ; and at forms u4^tract, to 
 draw to, or to unite. 
 
 When no part of tlie primitive Avord is separated by a 
 comma, the combination is simply to drop one prefix, and 
 join another. 
 
 SECTION XIII. 
 
 MANNER OF DEFINING BY PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES. 
 
 We will now endeavor to explain, in a familiar way, the 
 manner of defining words by their prefixes and suffixes. 
 And it is simply to give the signification of the primitive 
 word, in connection with the separate import of such pre- 
 fixes and suffixes, as constitute the whole word. For an 
 example, we will take j^am^, which is a primitive, and means 
 fire. Now, if we prefix in, it makes /nflame, and increases 
 the import of the primitive word, and literally means to put 
 fire 171, or to set o?i fire. Again, if we take htRammable — 
 able, means capable of, or capable of beii^g ; hence, Ate join 
 capable of being, to the meaning of in, and flame, and the 
 whole word means capable of being set on fire. Now take 
 InRsimmabiliti/ — ability, means the quality capable of being. 
 This expression being joined, in like manner, to what In- 
 flame means, will make the literal signification of /nflamma- 
 bility to be, the quality capable of being set on fire. Next, 
 if we add the second prefix, and form Z7/?mflammai/*?, we 
 must add the meaning of un to what In^wawnable means, and 
 the whole expression will be, Uniyi^^mmable, not capable of 
 being set on fire. Again, take UninRammubleness — ableness, 
 means the property capable of being. Now give th« whol» 
 
 6 
 
62 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 import, and Unin^ammablcness literally signifies, the prop* 
 erty ?iot capable of being set on fire. ^ 
 
 If we 'take Delude, signifying to deceive^ we can form. 
 
 Deluder, the person who deceives. 
 
 Delusion, the act of deceiving. , 
 
 Delusive. te7idino- to deceive. 
 
 Redeem signifies to ransom ; ir means not ; and able, capa- 
 ble of being. Hence, /rredeemai/e means, not capable of 
 being ransomed. 
 
 Join is a primitive word, and signifies to unite. Let it 
 stand thus with its prefixes and suffixes : 
 
 inter-mis-sub-dis-un-re-con-ad-Join. ion-ed-ing. 
 
 Explanation. — Ad, means to ; con, with, or together with ; 
 re, again ; un, not ; dis, parting ; mis, wrong ; sub, under ; 
 inter, between ; ion, the act of; ed, was ; ing, continuing to. 
 Hence, Ad]om, is joining to ; Coji]uuction, the act of join- 
 ing with ; Recon]uuciion, the act of joining with again ; Un- 
 con]o\Y\ed, not joined roith, or together ; Re]OVi\ed, was joined 
 again ; Un']0\ued, ivas not joined ; Disioin, parting what was 
 joined; Subjoin, to join under; ikfzVjoin, to join wrong; 
 Interjoming, continuing to join between. 
 
 Hope implies expectation ; Hopeful, full of expectation ; 
 and Hopeless, without hope, or expectation. 
 
 The primitive word must in all cases be learned ; then if 
 you pronounce its primitive signification in connection with 
 what all its component parts mean, you have the precise 
 analytic import of the entire word. A little careful study 
 will render this exercise perfectly familiar, and give the 
 student an entire and ready command of language, and an 
 instantaneous mental perception of the true import of words 
 written or spoken. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 63 
 
 SECTION XIV. 
 
 THE DIFFERENT IMPORT OF CERTAIN PREFIXES. 
 
 Most of the prefixes are uniform in their distinctive im- 
 port while a few are used in two or more senses, widely 
 different; as, im, in, il, ir, &c. 
 
 These prefixes, more generally, when united to verbsj 
 increase or strengthen the original meaning of the primitive 
 words ; as, in /wpress, I?ifo\d, //luminate, /rradiate. In 
 each case, additional force is given to the primitives, press^ 
 fold, luminate, and radiate, by prefixing im, in, H, and ir. But 
 when the same prefixes are united to adjectives, and occa- 
 sionally to some other parts of speech, they entirely reverse 
 or change the primitive signification ; as, in /^possible. In- 
 sensible, //legible, /rrational. These words now mean the 
 same as not possible, not sensible, not legible, not rational. 
 
 As this work is specially designed to aid English scholars 
 who have no knowledge of the classics, and consequently 
 could not trace out very remote derivations, it was thought 
 advisable, for their benefit, to accommodate ihe arrangement 
 in this respect, to their understandings, by giving those words 
 whose signification is greatly expanded, under different 
 heads, or by repeating the root, in connection with such pre- 
 fixes, as in each case would best correspond with the several 
 primitive meanings. 
 
 For example : ylnnounce, signifies to publish, or declare 
 to ; and, in its natural connection, iis Pronounce. But Re- 
 nounce, means to disown, or reject ; and, in accordance with 
 this, is Denounce ; yet all these words have the same root. 
 Also, //istruct, to teach ; Construe, to translate ; StructJ/r*, a 
 building ; Obstruct, to block up ; and Destroy, to pull down, 
 
64 AKALYSIS0FTHI5 
 
 are from tlie same root, Striio, to build. All then '>' 
 
 haA^e corresponding prefixes, and when r/alatively a; iw^..«)^, 
 the whole becomes perfectly intelligible to the English 
 scholar. 
 
 The scholar must also remember that some of the prefixes, 
 and especially ww, rarely combine with the primitive word 
 till it has assumed some of its derivative forms by the addi- 
 tion of a suffix ; as, Faith can not with propriety become f/n- 
 faith, but Unfaiithful. 
 
 A little observation will afford the best guide on this point. 
 Re and un are prefixed to adjectives and participles almost 
 at pleasure ; and, are not always mserted in this work where 
 they might be used with propriety. 
 
 It is now thought the prefixes have been explained so 
 clearly, that no scholar, who wishes to understand and apply 
 them correctly, need make a mistake, although he may not 
 be under the care of any teacher. 
 
 Scholars will derive much benefit in defining words, by 
 understanding the parts of speech. These may generally 
 be known by the termination, or suffix ; thus, 
 
 Verbs are indicated by — fy, ize. 
 
 Verbs, participles, or adjectives, by — ate, ed, en. 
 
 Participles, adjectives, or nouns, by — ing. 
 
 Nouns or adjectives, by — ant, ent, ory, er. 
 
 Nouns by — ableness, ibleness, ability, ibility, ance, ancy, 
 ence, ency, ion, ity, ism, age, dbm, hood, ric, ship, cy, ist, 
 ics, mcnt, ure, ness. 
 
 Adjectives by — able, ible, ac, al, ful, ic, ive, ish, ile, less, 
 lar, ous, fie. 
 
 Adverbs by — ably, ibly, antly, ently, ately, ally, fully, 
 ively, ingly, edly, ishly, lessly, ously, somely, urcly, orily. 
 
X 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 65 
 
 SECTION XV. 
 
 AN EXERCISE IX FORMING DERIVATIVES BY PREFIXES. 
 
 Let the pupil read the following words with their several definitions, 
 then join the several prefixes, and give their import, as thus modified. 
 
 "VYlien no separation of any part of the word to be defined, is made 
 by a comma, each prefi-x, one by one, is to be joined to the entire 
 word ; and, when such word has been defined by one prefix, that pre- 
 fix must be dropped and another taken ; thus, 
 
 mal mis. Formation, the act of forming, 
 ilf/.s'formation, a wrong formation. 
 3/fir/formation, a bad formation. 
 
 mis re. 
 mis re. 
 dis re. 
 mis re. 
 octa hexa. 
 in over, 
 pre re. 
 CO un. 
 bene male, 
 il over. 
 im over, 
 ante post. 
 over re. 
 dis re. 
 en un. 
 un m. 
 dis mis. 
 out re. 
 enig. 
 
 Apply, to lay on ; to fit ; to be busy. 
 
 Allege, to declare ; affirm, or assert. 
 
 Appear, to come in sight ; obvious to the mind. 
 
 Call, to name, or summon. 
 
 Chord, string of a musical instrument. 
 
 Elegant, polished ; polite ; refined. 
 
 Engage, to promise to do. 
 
 Equal, of similar dimensions. 
 
 Factor, a doer of something ; an agent. 
 
 Liberal, of a free heart ; generous. 
 
 Modest, sense of propriety ; not bold. 
 
 Position, a place, or situation. 
 
 Supply, to furnish what is wanted. 
 
 Unite, to join, or put together. 
 
 Sure, certain ; firm ; infallible. 
 
 Close, to shut ; to finish. 
 
 Place, to sit, or fix. 
 
 Sail, to move upon water in a ship. 
 
 Noble, great; dignified; generous 
 
66 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XVI. 
 
 AN EXERCISE IN DEFINING BY PREFIXES. 
 
 On this page and the next, the student may first define the given 
 word, then combine its prefixes and define it in such connection. Most 
 of the words here used, are found in other parts of the book, with their 
 derivatives. 
 
 This exercise is merely to render the prefixes more' familiar, and may 
 be often repeated, singly or in concert. 
 
 over un. Anxious, greatly concerned ; solicitous. 
 
 mis re. Choose, to pick out ; to select, or prefer. 
 
 super sub. Celestial, relating to heaven. C<Elum, heaven. 
 
 over in. Curious, strong desire for novelty ; nice. 
 
 dis un. Courteous, polite ; Mrell-bred ; civil. 
 
 in over. Diligent, steady in application; not idle. 
 
 in mis. Direct, to point, or aim ; straight ; right 
 
 demi equi. Distance, remoteness ; reserved. 
 
 in un. Discreet, prudent ; cautious ; not rash. 
 
 bi un. Fold, to double ; an enclosure. 
 
 mis re. Judge, to hear and determine a case. 
 
 re con. Join, to unite ; to connect. 
 
 counter equi. Poise, to balance in weight. 
 
 preter im. Perfect, finished ; complete. 
 
 non in. Sane, sound ; healthy ; having reason. 
 
 counter pre . Signal, a sign given ; memorable. 
 
 mis un. Sent, dispatched ; thrown, or cast. 
 
 aiiti un. Scriptural, according to Scripture. 
 
 con sub. Sequence, that which follows. 
 
 re un. Tempted, inticed; allured. 
 
 mis un. Taught, instructed. 
 
 ante proto. Type, an emblem ; a model ; to prefigure. 
 
 con inter. Texture, the act of weaving ; a web. 
 
 pyro poly. Technics, the doctrine of arts in general. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 67 
 
 under co. 
 over super. 
 un in. 
 dis un. 
 after mis. 
 over mis. 
 mono a. 
 ante post, 
 geo helio. 
 be de. 
 over il. 
 preter il. 
 inter, 
 unim im. 
 im un. 
 im un. 
 dys eu. 
 non im. 
 re un. 
 re over, 
 re pre. 
 im re. 
 re dis. 
 over un. 
 anti pro. 
 un re. 
 mis dis. 
 super, 
 in un. 
 dis re. 
 un inter. 
 over un. 
 
 Agent, an actor ; an active cause. 
 Abound, to possess much of; prevalent. 
 Arable, fit for plowing. Aro, to plow. 
 Belief, an assent of the mind to. 
 Conduct, good, or bad actions ; behavior. 
 Carry, to bear ; to convey, or transpoit. 
 Chromatic, relating to color. 
 Diluvian, pertaining to the flood. 
 Centric, pertaining to the center. 
 Charm, to control by incantation. 
 Liberal, of a free heart ; generous. 
 Legal, according to law. Lex, law. 
 Mediate, to interpose to effect a union. 
 Mortal, subject to death ; deadly. [i^g"* 
 
 Malleable, that may be drawn out by hammer- 
 Polite, courteous ; refined. Polls, a city. 
 Peptic, promoting digestion. [^dge. 
 
 Proficiency, improvement ; progress in knowl- 
 Pack, to put together in order ; a bundle. 
 Pay, to remunerate ; to discharge, as a debt. 
 Possess, to have ; to hold, or occupy. 
 Plant, to put in the ground, as seed. 
 People, the inhabitants of any place. • 
 Ripe, perfection in growth ; mature. 
 Slavery, bondage ; servitude. 
 Traced, marked out ; delineated. 
 Trust, to place^ confidence in. 
 Vision, sight ; the faculty of seeing. 
 Tractable, easily led, or taught. 
 Union, a joining ; a junction. 
 Weave, to unite threads in making cloth. 
 Wrought, formed by work, or labor 
 
68 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 SECTION XVII. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF THE ARRAN6EMENT AND CHARACTERS. 
 
 The following explanation of the arrangement and characters in 
 subsequent sections, indicating derivative formations by prefixes and 
 suffixes, should be made perfectly familiar. 
 
 1. The prefixes are placed in the left hand margin of the 
 
 page ; or, ii* the body of the page in the sa?ne line, and 
 on the left of tne words, with which they are to com- 
 bine ; thus, 
 re. Appear, to come in sight, or be visible ; or thus, 
 com-de-ex-im-op-Position, place, or station. 
 
 2. After the definition is given, the word is commonly re- 
 
 peated with some, or all of its suffixes, separated from 
 each other by hyphens ; thus, 
 re. Appear, to come in sight, or be visible. 
 Appear-ed-ing-ance. 
 
 3. A period is placed after the last sufiix following the 
 
 word, showing the end of the foregoing formations ; 
 and then follows the word again, if necessary to be re- 
 peated, with its prefix italicised, and its suffixes sub- 
 joined as above ; thus, 
 re. Appear, to come in sight, or be visible. 
 
 Appear-ed-ing-ance. re Appear-ed-ing-ance. 
 
 4. When the word is not repeated, the prefix is italicised 
 
 and followed by a caret. If a period follow the caret, 
 thus, re^. the caret shows the place of the word to 
 which the prefix is to be added, and the period shows 
 that no suffix is to be used ; thus, 
 re*. Appear-ed-ing-ance. re^. meaning re Appear. 
 
 5. A suffix after the caret, thus, re^ed, denotes the formation 
 
 to be reAppeareJ. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 69 
 
 6 [f a period follow the caret, and a hyphen follow the 
 period, thus, r<^,.-ed, it shows the first formation to be 
 r«e Appear; and the second^ re Appeared. 
 
 Note. — The following examples more fully illustrate the combina- 
 tions indicated by the ar^ngeraent and characters used in this work. 
 
 1. re. Appear-ed-ance. 
 
 2. re. Appear-ed-ance. re^. 
 
 3. re. Appear-ed-ance. re^ed. 
 
 4. re. Appear-ed-ance. rt^ed-ance. 
 5 re. Appear-ed-ance. re^.-ed. 
 
 6. re. Appear-ed-ance. re^.-ed-ance. 
 
 COMBINED THUS : 
 
 1 Appear, appear^c?, appearrt'nce. 
 
 iieappear, r(eappearef7, reappearance. 
 
 2. Appear, appearec?, appearance, reappear. 
 
 3. Appear, appearec?, appearance, reappearec?. [ance. 
 
 4. Appear, appeared/, appearance, reappeared/, rcappear- 
 
 5. Appear, appeared?, appearance, reappear, reappeared. 
 
 6. Appear, appearecZ, appearance, reappear, reappeared, 
 
 reappearance. 
 
 7. ante-post-mis-re-Date-ed. re^. mis^. post^. ante^., form 
 Date, dateJ, redate, m^^date, po^Mate, antedate. 
 
 8. Compress-ed-ing-ion-ible, form \ihh. 
 Compressec?, compress?no-, compression, compress- 
 
 « 
 
 A correct uiidcrstandiiiij of what is indicated byre^. 
 and re^.-ed, is iudLspcnsably lU'ces^nry. 
 
 With the above word, re^. denotes reiip])car; and 
 rtf^.-ed, reappear, and reappearec?. 
 
70 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 SECTION XVIII. 
 
 EXERCISE IN FORMING DERIVATIVES WITHOUT DEFINING 
 
 un. Blind, destitute of the sense of seeing. 
 
 Component parts. % 
 
 Blind-ed-ing-ly-ness. un^ed. 
 Combined thus : 
 
 Blinder/, Blindf;/o-, Blind/y, Blindr/e.v^, C/'«blinde<f. 
 un. Bless, to express a desire to make happy. 
 
 Bless-ed-edly-edness. wn^ed. 
 
 Blesscc?, IMessedhj, 'B\essed7iess, Unblessed. 
 un. Class, an order of persons ; a scientific division. 
 
 r/lass-ic-ical-ify-ified*-ification. ww^ed-ical. [tion. 
 
 Classzc, Classz'ca/, Classz/y, Classified, Classifica' 
 
 Unclassed, Unclassical. 
 un Donbt, to waver in opinion ; to hesitate. 
 
 Doiibt-ed-ful-fully-fulness-less. wn^ed-edly-ing. 
 
 Doubter/, Doubt/?//, Doubt/w//y, Douhtfulness. 
 
 Undoubted, U/tdoubtedlT/, Undoubting, 
 in. Fail, to become deficient ; to decay ; to desert. 
 
 Fail-ed-ing-ure. un^mg. 
 
 Fulled, Fsiilhig, Failure, Ujifdiiling. 
 un. Faith, belief; trust; assent of the mind. 
 
 Faith-ful-fuUy-fulness-less. wn/ul-fulness. 
 
 Faithful, Faiihfulli/, Faithfulness, Unfaiithful. 
 re. Fund, stock, or capital ; increase ; money. 
 
 Fund-ed-less. re^ed-ing. 
 
 Funder/, Fund/e.?^, Rr(m\ded, Refunding. 
 un. Gild, to overlay with gold. 
 
 Gild-ed-er-ing. w«^ed-ing. 
 
 Gilderf, Gilder, Gikh';?"-, Ungilded, Ungildi7ig. 
 
 »See Rule lltb. 
 
KNGLISHLANGTTAGE. 71 
 
 SECTION XIX. 
 
 A FEW FORMATIONS FOR THE SCHOLAR TO SUPPLY. 
 
 un Harm, to damage, or injure ; damage. ^ 
 
 Harm-ful-fullyd^ess-lessly-lessness. linked. 1 
 
 Harmful, Harm/?///y, Harm/<"56', UnhRrmed. j 
 
 un Health, that state in which all parts of a living body 
 
 Health-y-ily-iness-less-ful-fully-fulness. [are somid. ' 
 
 wn^y-ily-iness-ful-fully-fulness. 
 
 Healthy, Health?7y,* Healthmi^^.v, Z7//healthy. 
 un Heed, to mind ; to regard with care. 
 
 Heed-ed-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly. M«^ed-ing. 
 
 Heed<?f7, Heedful, Heedless, Unheeded, Ujiheeding, 
 un. Learn, to gain knowledge ; to acquire skill. 
 
 Learn-ed-er-ing-edly. w/?,ed-edly. 
 
 Learned, Learner, LearnzVio-, UnleRvned. 
 un. Need, want ; necessity for something. 
 
 Need-y-ily-less-lessly-ful-fully. U7i^ed-(u\. 
 
 Needy, Need^Vy,* Need/(°^.v, U/meeded, Unneedful 
 un. Pain, any uneasy sensation ; disquietude. 
 
 Pain-ful-fully-fulness-ed. ?/n^ed-ful. 
 
 Pa,mful, Pa^infullj/, Unpa^ined, Unpsimful. 
 un. Skill, familiar knowledge of any art, or science, united 
 with dexterity in its application. 
 
 Skill-ful-fully-fulness. w7^^ed-ful-fully. 
 , Skill/i//, SkiWfulness, Unskilled, Unskillful. 
 uu Scorn, extreme contempt ; to despise. 
 
 Scorn-ed-er-ful-fully-fulness-ing. un^ed. 
 
 ScorneJ, Scorner, Scorm»a-, Unscorned. 
 un. Tune, to sing with melody, or harmony. 
 
 Tune ed-er-ing-ful-fully-less.f wn^ed-able. 
 
 » S«e Rule 8d. f See Rule 1st. 
 
72 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XX. 
 
 A SPECIAL EXPLANATION. 
 
 In some few instances, the first hyphen cuts off certain letters which 
 are essential to the formation of a legitimate word ; as in Digni-tj, 
 Legi-ble, Palp-able. 
 
 This division is made simply for convenience in forming other deriv- 
 atives. By preserving such letters only as undergo no change in the 
 radical part, other suffixes can be added in the uniform manner. 
 
 Hence, it must be distinctly recollected, that when a word is so di- 
 vided by a hyphen, as to be . incomplete without adding that part so 
 cut off, the first letter of such part is a smnll capital ; as, in Digni-Ty, 
 Legi-Ble, Palp- Able ; sliowing that, xy, Ble, and Able, must, in each 
 case, be added to the radical part to form a legitimate word ; thus, 
 Digni-Ty-fy-fied-fication ; forming Dignity, Dignify, Dignified, <fec. 
 
 EXERCISES IN FORMING AND DEFINING DERIVATIVES. 
 
 un. Alarm, to arouse by fear ; an out-cry. 
 
 Component parts. 
 Alarm-ed-ing-ingly-ist. wn^ed. 
 Combined and defined thus: 
 Alarm er/, was alarmed, or aroused. 
 Alarmm^, causing alarm. 
 kizxraingly, m an alarming manner, 
 f/nalarmet/, was not alarmed, 
 un. Blame, to censure ; to find fault with. 
 
 Blame*-ed-er-ful-less-lessly-able. ww^ed. 
 Blamec?, did blame, or was blamed. 
 Blamer, one who blames, or finds fault. 
 Blame/i/?, full of blame ; faulty. 
 
 * See Rule 1st Only an occasional reference will be made, hero- 
 after, to the rules for fonning derivatives, merely to remind the pxipil 
 that h« muB* cbeerve their application at every st«p ffi hi» j>rogreaa,. 
 
ENGLISHLANGUAGE. 73 
 
 Bl^LTneless, without blame, or fault. 
 
 Blamelesshj, in a blameless manner. 
 
 B\ameless7icss, the state of being blameless. 
 
 Blumable, that may be blamed. 
 in. Dignity, true honor ; nobleness ; rank. 
 
 Digni-Ty-fy-fied*-fication. inj-j. wn^fied. 
 
 Digni/y, to make honorable ; to honor. 
 
 Dignified, was made honorable. 
 
 Digni^ca^'o;?, the act of making honorable. 
 
 7/idigni^y, treating with dishonor. 
 
 Undignijied, was not dignitied. 
 im. Method, a suitable arrangement ; order. 
 
 Method-ic-ical-ist-ism. mjcal. 
 
 Methodic, pertaining to method. 
 
 'Methodical, pertaining to method. 
 
 Methodism, the doctrines of Methodists. 
 
 Methodist, a professo/of Methodism. 
 
 //nmethod/cfif/, not having method. 
 in. Opulent, wealthy ; rich ; affluent. 
 
 Opul-Ent-ence-ently. indent. 
 
 Opulence, wealth ; riches ; affluence. 
 
 Opulentli/, richly ; with abundance. 
 
 Inopulent, not wealthy ; not rich. 
 in. Approach, to draw near ; to advance. 
 
 Approach-ed-ing-able. tn^able. wn^ed-able. 
 
 Approached, did approach, or draw near. 
 
 Approdiching, continuing to draw near. 
 
 ApproachaS/e, that may be approached. 
 
 /napproacha5Z(?, that may not be approached. 
 ZJnapproachec?, was not approached. 
 UnB,pproB.chabIe, that can not be approached. 
 
 I -r ■—»»■! j^i r»»ji-T ■ 1 — I ' 
 
 * See Rule 11th. 
 
 7 
 
74 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 il. Legal, according to law; lawful. Lex,ln.w. 
 
 Legal-ly-ity-ize-ized-izing. iljty. 
 
 Legal /y, in a legal manner; lawfully. 
 
 Legah7y, lawfulness ; state of being lawfuk 
 
 Legah-s-^, to make lawful. 
 
 Legal/2:^^c?, was made lawful. 
 
 luegalizing, making lawful. 
 
 //legal, not lawful. 
 
 //legality, unlawfulness. 
 il. Legible, that may, or can be read. Lego, to read 
 
 Legi-Ble-bly-bility. e'/^ble-bly-bility. 
 
 Legi/>/y, in a legible manner. 
 
 Ijegibilili/, the state, or quality of being legible. 
 
 Illegible y not legible ; that can not be read. 
 
 Illegibly, in a manner not to be read. 
 
 Illegibility, the quality of being illegible. ^ 
 rni. Palpable, perceptible by the touch. 
 ^ Palp-Ably-ability-ableness. im^ably. 
 
 Palp«6/y, in a manner perceptible by touch, 
 
 Vdil^ability, tKe quality of being perceptible, 
 
 Impalpably, not to be perceived by touch, 
 un. Real, actual existence ; true ; genuine. 
 
 Real-itj^-ize-ized-ization. unsized. 
 
 Reah'/y, the state of being real, or geiuimev 
 ^Realize, to make real, or effective. 
 
 Tiedlized, was made real. 
 
 Healization, the act of making real. 
 
 Unrealized, v/as not realized. 
 un. Subdue, to conquer by force ; to overcome. 
 
 Subdue-ed-ing. w?i^ed. 
 
 SubduiVio-, continuing to conquer. 
 
 I7nsubdu<?(/, not brought into subjection. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. -^ 75 
 
 SECTION XXI. 
 
 THE WORD PRESS AND EIGHTY-THREE DERIVATIVES. 
 
 Press, a primitive word, signifies to press, or 
 
 urge by weight. From PremOf 
 pressum, to press. 
 Press er, the person who presses. 
 
 Press ure, the result of pressing. 
 
 Press ed, did press, or was pressed. 
 
 Press ing, continuing to press. 
 
 Press ion, the act of pressing. 
 
 Press ing ly, in a pressing manner. 
 Over press, to press too much. 
 
 Counter press ure, opposite pressure. 
 Com press, to press together. 
 
 Com press ed, was pressed together. 
 
 Com press ion, the act of pressing together. 
 
 Com press ing, continuing to press together. 
 
 Com press ible, capable of being pressed together. 
 
 Com press ure, the result of being pressed together. 
 
 Com press ibility, the quality capable of being pressed 
 
 together, or the capacity, &;c. 
 Com press ible ness, the property, or quality capable of being 
 
 pressed together. 
 Un com press ed, was not pressed together. 
 Un com press ible, not capable of being pressed together. 
 Iq com press ibility, the property, or quality not capable of 
 
 being pressed together. 
 Re press, to press again ; put down, or subdue. 
 
 Re press ed, was pressed again, or put down, &c. 
 
 Re press ion, the act of pressing again, &c. 
 
 Re press ive, tending to press again^ <fec. 
 
76 
 
 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Re press ing, 
 Re press er, 
 Re press ive ly 
 Ir re press ible, 
 De press, 
 De press ed, 
 De press ion, 
 De press or, 
 De press ible, 
 De press ing, 
 Ex press, 
 Ex press ed. 
 Ex press ion, 
 Ex press ible, 
 Ex press ive. 
 Ex press ing, 
 Ex press ly, 
 
 continuing to press again, &c. 
 
 the person who presses again, &c. 
 
 in a repressive manner. 
 
 not capable of being pressed again, &;t 
 
 to press down, or bear down. 
 
 was pressed down. 
 
 the act of pressing down. 
 
 the person who presses down. 
 
 capable of being pressed down. 
 
 continuing to press down. 
 
 to press out, or utter by words. 
 
 was uttered by words, &c. 
 
 the act of uttering by words, &c. 
 
 capable of being uttered by words. 
 
 tending to utter by words, &c. 
 
 continuing to utter by words, &c. 
 
 in an express manner. 
 Ex press ive ly, in an expressive manner. 
 Ex press ive ness, the property, or quality capable of be- 
 ing uttered in words. 
 In ex press ible, not capable of being uttered by words. 
 In ex press ive, not tending to utter by words, &c. 
 
 In ex press ibly, in an inexpressible manner. 
 In ex press ibility, the property, or quality not capable of 
 
 being uttered by words. 
 
 was not uttered by words. 
 
 not capable of being uttered by words. 
 
 not tending to express by words. 
 
 to press in, or imprint. 
 
 was pressed in, &lc. 
 
 the act of pressing in. 
 
 continuing to press in, &;c. 
 
 Un ex press ed, 
 Un ex press ible, 
 Un ex press ive, 
 Im press, 
 Im press ed, 
 Im press ion, 
 Im press ing, 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 77 
 
 Im press ive, tending to press in. 
 
 Im press ure, the result of pressing in. 
 
 Im press ible, capable of being pressed in. 
 
 Im press ment, the act of pressing in. 
 
 Im press iA^e ly, in an impressive manner. 
 
 Im press ive ness, the property capable of being pressed 
 
 in, or capacity, &lc. 
 
 Im press ibility, the quality capable of being pressed in. 
 
 Re im press, to press in again. 
 
 Re im press ed, ?* was pressed in again. 
 
 Re im press ion, the act of pressing in again. 
 
 Re im press ing, continuing to press in again. 
 
 Un im press ive, not tending to press in. 
 
 Op press, to press against ; to bear down. 
 
 Op press ed, was pressed against, Slc. 
 
 Op press ion, the act of pressing against, &c. 
 
 Op press or, the person who presses against, &c. 
 
 Op press ing, continuing to press against, &c. 
 
 Op press ive, tending to press against, &ic. 
 
 Op press ive ly, in an oppressive manner. 
 Op press ive ness, the quality of pressing against, &;c. 
 
 In op press ive, not tending to press against, &c. 
 
 Sup press, to press under, or to bring under. 
 
 Sup press ed, was pressed under, &c. 
 
 Sup press ion, the act of pressing under. 
 
 Sup press or, the person who presses under. 
 
 Sup press ing, continuing to press under. 
 
 Sup press ive, tendin|^o press under. 
 
 In sup press ion, not pflBRng under. 
 
 In sup press ible, not capable of being pressed under. 
 
 Un sup press ed, was not pressed under. 
 
 7* 
 
78 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XXII. 
 
 PRIMITIVE WORDS OF ONE SYLLABLE. 
 
 The pupil must now form and define the derivative words 
 for himself, as in the following example : 
 
 un. Mild, soft ; gentle ; moderate ; calm. Mitis, mild. 
 
 Component parts. 
 
 Mild-ly-ness. w^^.-ness. 
 
 Combined and defined, thus: 
 
 Mild/y, in a mild manner ; calmly. 
 
 Mildnei'i*, the quality of being mild. 
 
 CZ/miild, not mild ; not gentle. 
 
 Unra\\i\.ness, the quality of being unmild. 
 un. Bleach, to whiten, or make white. 
 
 Bleach-ed-er-ing. «;?,^ed. 
 un. Blush, to redden in the cheeks 
 
 Blush-ed-ing, ww^ing. • 
 
 un. Blend, to mix, or mingle together. 
 
 Blend-ed-er-ing. ?m^ed. 
 un. Bail, to set free from arrest ; to dip out water. 
 
 Bail-ed-er-able. wn^ed. 
 un. Blight, to blast ; a disease of plants. 
 
 Blight-ed-ing. wn^ed. 
 un. Clasp, to close in the hand. 
 
 Clasp-ed-er-ing. ww^ed. 
 un. Coil, to gather in a circle, as a rope. 
 
 Coil-ed-ing. ww^.-ed. 
 un. Curb, to restrain; the fence of a well. 
 
 Curb-ed-ing. u7i^.-eA. 
 sub. Chant, to sing ; to celebrate in song. Canto^ to sing. 
 
 Chant-ed-er-ing. suh^er. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 79 
 
 out. Frown, to knit the brow ; to repel by a stern look. 
 
 Frown-ed-ing-ingly. out^. 
 un. Grant, to allow ; to yield ; to give ; to concede. 
 
 Grant-ed-ing-or. ww^ed. 
 un. Greet, to salute ; to address with kind wishes. 
 
 Greet-ed-ing. wn.ed. 
 mis. Lead, to guide by the hand ; to induce. 
 
 Lead-er-ing. mis^Awg. 
 re. Loan, the act of lending ; that which is lent. 
 
 Loan-ed-ing. re^.-ed-ing. 
 un. Maira, to disable ; to injure ; to make a cripple. 
 
 Maim-ed-ing. ww,ed 
 %m. Quench, to extinguish ; to put out. 
 
 Quench-ed-ing. wn^able-ably. 
 «in. Quell, to subdue ; to quiet, or to restore peace. 
 
 Q«ell-ed-er-ing. w/j^ed. 
 un. Screen, to shelter; to sift, or riddle ; a riddk. 
 
 Screen-ed-ing. t/w^ed. 
 un. Shield, to eo^^er ; to secure ; defensive armor. 
 
 Shield-ed-ing. ww^ed, 
 mi. Shrink, to shrivel ; to draw back ; to recoil. 
 
 Shrink-ing, unjxig, 
 tnis. Spend, to lay out ; to dispose of, or waste. 
 
 Spend-ing. mis^.-mg. ' 
 un. Saint, a holy person ; a Christian. 
 
 Saint-ly -like-ship. «??Jy. 
 un. Smooth, glossy ; having an even surface. 
 
 Smooth-ly-ness-ed-er. w7?.,.-ed. 
 un. Spoil, to ruin 4 to corrupt ; to plunder. 
 
 Spoil-ed-er-ing. wn^ed, 
 un. Stain, to discolor ; to blot, or spot ; to make foul. 
 
 Stain-ed-ing-less. wn^ed. 
 
80 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 SECTION XXIII. 
 
 PRIMITIVE WORDS OF ONE SYLLABLE ENDING WITH FINAL I. 
 
 un. Safe, secure from danger. 
 
 Safe-ly-ty. «n^.-ly. 
 
 Safe/y, in a safe manner. 
 
 SdSQty, in a state secure from danger. 
 
 ZJnsafe, not safe. 
 
 Uns3.fel't/, in an unsafe manner. 
 un. Bribe, to offer a reward to pervert judgment. 
 
 Bribe-ed-er.* un^ed. 
 un. Fade, to lose color ; to decay ; to vanish. 
 
 Fade-ed-ing. un^ed-ing. 
 un. Prune, to trim ; to lop off useless branches 
 
 Prune-ed-er-ing. ?^n^ed. 
 im. Pure, genuine ; free from mixture. 
 
 Pure-ly-ness-ity. im^.-ity. 
 mis. Rate, to tax ; a tax, or price fixed. 
 
 Rate-ed-able. mis^.-ed. 
 un. Shame, that which brings reproach ; disgrace. 
 
 Shame-ed-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly. un^ed. 
 un. Tame, to make gentle ; to domesticate. 
 
 Tame-ed-ing-able-ableness. wn^ed-able. 
 un. Trade, to bartt% ; to buy and sell. 
 
 Trade-ed-er-ing. unjng. 
 un. Urge, to press ; to press by motives ; to importune 
 
 TJrge-ed-ing-ent-ently-ency. un^ed. 
 re. Crime, an offence ; a violation of law. 
 
 Crime-ful-less-inal-inally-inality-inate. rcjnate. 
 Crude, raw ; in a natural state ; rough. 
 
 Crude-ly-ness-ity. 
 
 * Observe Rules 1st and 2d, throughout this section. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 81 
 
 un. Fruit, productions of the earth ; as grain, &c. 
 
 Fruitful-fiilly-fuhiess-less. wn/ul-ness. 
 un. Friglit, sudden fear, or alarm. 
 
 Fright-ful-fully-fuhiess-less. «7>^ened. 
 re. New, lately made ; recent ; not old. 
 
 Renew, to make new, or to improve. 
 
 New-ly-ness-ish. re^.-ed-ing-al. 
 un. Thought, an idea formed in the mind. 
 
 Thought-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly. unjnh 
 un. Till, to cultivate the ground. 
 
 Till-ed-ing-able. vn^ed. 
 un. Tax, to assess a tax; to charge ; a rate. 
 
 Tax-ed-er-ing-able-ation. un^ed. 
 over. Whelm, to cover with water ; to overburden. 
 
 Whelm-ed-ing. over^.-ed-ing. 
 un. Wrap, to v/ind, or fold together ; to involve. 
 
 Wrap-ped-per-ping. u?t^ped. See Rule 6th. 
 be. Wail, to lament ; to express sorrow audibly. 
 
 Bewiil, to bemoan. \Vail-ed-ing. he^.-ed-ing. 
 un. Chaste, pure; uncorrupted. See Rule 1st 
 
 Chaste-ly-ity. nn^. injty. 
 un. Curve, to bend in a circular form. 
 
 Curve-ed-ing-ity-aturc. ?//2^ed. 
 in. Cure, to heal, as a disease. <^ 
 
 Cure-ed-able. //z^able-abilitv. im.ed. 
 over. Drive, to impel ; to urge forward by force. 
 
 Drive-ing-er. over^. nn^en. 
 be. Guile, craft; cunning; artifice. 
 
 J5eguile, to impose on by artifice. 
 Guile -fid-fuUy-fulness-Iess. ^-'-..-ed. 
 ag. Grieve, to mourn ; to give pain of mind to. 
 
 Grieve-ed-ing-ingly-ous-ously-ousness. 
 
82 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XXIV. 
 
 PRIMITIVE WORDS OF TWO SYLI,ABLES. 
 
 un. Accost, to address ; to speak to, face to face. 
 
 Accost-ed-ing. ?/;/^ed. 
 
 Accosted, did address, or was addressed. 
 
 Accosting, continuing to address. 
 
 UnRccosted, was not addressed. 
 un. Affirm, to assert positively ; to declare. . 
 
 Affirm-ed-ing-ance-ation-ative. un^ed. 
 un. Arrest, to take a person with a warrant ; to stop. 
 
 Arrest-ed-ing-ment. 7//?^ed. 
 un. Complain, to murmur, or find fault. 
 
 Complain-ed-ing-ant. unjing. 
 dis. Content ; to satisfy ; to quiet ; easy ; satisfied. 
 
 Content-ed-edlj'-edness-ment. dis ^ed-ment. 
 un. Defend, to vindicate ; to drive back ; to repel. 
 
 Defend-ed-cr-ing-ant. un^ed. 
 un. Deliglit, a high degree of pleasure ; to please. 
 
 Delight-ful-fully-fulness-some-someness. un Jul. 
 pre. Design, to plan; to project; to delineate a figure. 
 
 Design-ed-ing-less. pre^.-ed-'uig. 
 un. Exert, to put forth power of body, or mind. 
 
 Exert-ed-ing-ion, un^ed, 
 un. Instruct, to teach ; to impart knowledge. 
 
 Instruct-ed-ing-or-ion-i ve . ttn^ed-'ive. 
 un. Impeach, to accuse, or censure. 
 
 Impeach-ed-ing-ment. un^cd-ahle. 
 un. Molest, to trouble, or disturb. 
 
 Molest-ed'-er-ing-ation. un^ed, 
 self. Neglect, to omit by carelessness, or design. 
 
 Neglect-ed-ful-fully -ing. self^Ang. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 83 
 
 un Adapt, to make suitable to the use. Apto^ to fit. 
 
 Adapt-ed-edness-ation. ?/«,ed. 
 un. Addict, to apply one's self habitually to. 
 
 Addict-ed-ing. unjddi. Dico, to dedicate 
 uii. Arraign, to call to the bar, as a prisoner. 
 
 Arraign-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 un. Assail, to attack ; to fall upon by violence 
 
 Assail-ed-ing. un^ed. Salio, to leap. 
 un. Blemish, to injure ; a mark of deformity. 
 
 Blemish-ed-ing-less. wn^ed-able-ably. 
 un. Cancel, to blot out ; to cross out, or annul. 
 
 Cancel-ed-lation. un^ed. Cancello, to cut cross-wise 
 un. Counsel, to give advice ; to recommend. 
 
 Counsel-ed-ing-or-orship. wn^ed. 
 mis. Demean, to behave either well, or ill. ^ 
 
 Demean-ed-inof. mis^Qd. 
 un. Except, to leave out ; to exclude ; to object to. 
 
 Except-ed-ing-ion-ionable. wnjonable. 
 un. Expand, to enlarge ; to spread. 
 
 Expand-ed. Expan-sion-sive-sibility. 
 un. Extol, to praise ; to eulogize ; to raise in words. 
 
 Extol-led-ling. See Rule 6. Tollo, to lift up. 
 un. Hallow, to make holy ; to consecrate. 
 
 Hallow-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 un. Tarnish, to sully ; to soil ; to become dull. 
 
 Tarnish-ed-ing. vn^ed. 
 in. Valid, having sufficient strength, or power. 
 
 InYdXidate^ to weaken, or make weaker. 
 
 Valid-ly-ity. tn^.-ity-ate-ating. 
 an. Vital, pertaining to life. Vita, life. 
 
 Vitalize, to give life. 
 
 Vital-ly-ity-ize-ization. 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
S4 A N A L Y S I S (J F T H £ 
 
 all. Abhor, to hate extremely ; to loathe, or detest. 
 
 Abhor-red-rence-rent. «Z(,red. See Rule 6. 
 anti. Asthma, difficulty of breathing. 
 
 Asthma-tic. anf-ijic. See Appendix, No. 1 , Ru^e 8, 
 ant. Arctic, northern constellation, called the Bear. 
 
 -<4?i^artic, opposite to the arctic. 
 un. Benign, or Benignant, kind disposition ; favorable. 
 
 Benig-Nant-nantly-nity. tmji. 
 over. Clamor, a great outcry, or noise. Clamo, to cry. 
 
 Clamor-ous-ously-ousness. over ^ous. 
 un. Canvass, to examine returns of votes ; to discuss. 
 
 Canvass-ed-er-ing. ««,ed. 
 over. Captious, disposed to find fault ;. apt to cavil. 
 
 Captious-ly-ness. ouer^. Capio, to take. 
 vifi. Comfort, ease ; relief from pain ; rest. 
 
 Comfort-less-able-ably-ableness. wn^able-ably. 
 un. Contemn, to despise, or reject with disdain. 
 
 Conlemn-ed-ing. 7^//_,ed. Terrijio, to despise, 
 un. Discard, to dismiss ; to cast off, or reject. 
 
 Discard-ed-incj. w/red. 
 un. Distrain, to seize, or take for debt. 
 
 Distrain-ed-or-ing. Strin^o, to touch lightly. 
 un. Endow, to furnish with money, or goods ; to enrich , 
 
 Endow-ed-ment. un.ed. [to settle on. 
 
 un. Escort, to guard on a journey ; a guard. 
 
 Escort-ed-ing. vn^ed. 
 un. Exempt, to free from, or to be free from. 
 
 Exempt-ed-ing-ion. uu^^ed. Enm, to buy. 
 un. Expect, to wait for ; to look for either good, or evil. 
 
 Expect-ant-ancy-alion. tiv.vd. Specio^ to see. 
 re. Echo, to resound, or reflected sound. 
 
 Echo-ed-ing. re ^.-Qd-ing. 
 
ENGLISH LAN'GUAGE. 85 
 
 un. Forbear, to abstain from ; to delay, or to cease. 
 
 Forbear-ance-ing. wnjnsf. 
 mi. Forfeit, to lose b}'^ some fault, offense, or crime. 
 
 Forfeit-ed-ing-ure. tailed. 
 ef. Florid, abounding with flowers ; flushed with red. 
 
 Florid-ity'ly-ness. Flos, a flower. 
 un. Genteel, polite ; well bred ; easy in manner. 
 
 Genteel-ly-ness. un.^.-\y. 
 un. Hazard, to expose to chance, or peril ; chance. 
 
 Hazard-ed-er-ing-ous-ously-able. wn^ed-ous. 
 dis. Honest, just; fair in dealing; frank; sincere. 
 
 Honest-ly. dis.^Ay. Honor, honor, 
 un. Harbor, to shelter ; a port for a ship ; a place of safety. 
 
 Harbor-ed-er-ing-less. i/«,ed-ins', 
 un. Infest, to trouble greatly ; to disturb, or harass. 
 
 Infest-ed-er-ing, M?/^ed. 
 un. Insult, to abuse ; abuse ; insolence. Sa/io, to leap 
 
 Insult-ed-er-ing. tinned. 
 un. Invent, to find out something new ; to contrive. 
 
 Invent-ed-or-ion-ive. w;y^ed-ive. Venio, to come, 
 over. Jealous, fearing rivalship. 
 
 Jealous-ly-ness. over^. un^. 
 "un. Lament, to mourn ; to grieve, or bewail ; to regret. 
 
 Lament-ed-ing-able-ably-ation. un^ed. 
 self. Murder, to kill a human being unlawfully. 
 
 Murder-er-ess-ed-ing-ous-ously. self^.-er. 
 re. Murmur, to complain ; to grumble ; a low sound. 
 
 Murmur-ed-er-ing-ingly. ?z/?^ed-ing. 
 re. Model, to shape ; a pattern of something to be made 
 
 ' Model-ed-er-ing. r^^ed-ing. Modus, a measure, 
 un Perform, to accomplish ; to do ; to fulfill. 
 
 Perform-ed-er-ing-ance. ««^ed-ing. 
 
 8 
 
86 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XXV. 
 
 PRIMITIVE WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES CONTINUED. 
 
 # 
 
 un. Abash, to confuse ; to make ashamed. 
 
 Abash-ed-mtJ^-ment. iin.ed. 
 im. Appall, to depress with fear ; to be dismayed. 
 
 Appall-ed-ing-ingly-ment. ?/»^ed. Palleo, to be pale, 
 un. Condemn, to pronounce giiilty, or wrong. 
 
 Condemn-ed-ing-ation-atory-able. un^ed. 
 un. Candid, open ; frank ; impartial ; free from bias. 
 
 Candid-ly-ness. un^Ay. Candeo, to be white, 
 un. Despair, without hope ; a hopeless state. 
 
 Despair-ing-ingly. unjng. De, without ', spes,h.oip^ 
 in. Desert, to forsake ; deserving good, or evil. 
 
 Desert-ed-er-ing-ion. in^. u?i^ed. 
 in. Decent, becoming in words, behavior, or dress. 
 
 Decent-ly-ness. in^Ay. Decet, it becomes. 
 dis. Embroil, to involve in troubles ; to perplex, 
 
 Embroil-ed-ing. dis^.-ed-iug. 
 im. Partial, biased ; showing favor without a reason. 
 
 Partial-ly-ity. im^Ay-ity. Pars, a part, 
 im. Precise, exact ; nice ; formal. 
 
 Precise-ly-ness-ion. iinj.on. un^. 
 un. Renown, to make famous ; fame ; celebrity. 
 
 Renown-ed-edly-edness. unj&d. 
 un. Request, to petition ; an expression of desire 
 
 Request-ed-ing. W7?^ed. Quaero, to ask. 
 un. Supplant, to undermine by stratagem. 
 
 Supplant-ed-er-ing-ation. nn^ed. 
 in. Tranquil, calm ; peaceful ; not agitated. 
 
 Tranquil-ize-izing-ness-lity. in ^lity. 
 
 //^tranquillity, want of rest ; inquietude. 
 
E N G L I S H L A N G U A G E. 87 
 
 mis. Avouch, to declare ; to witness to. 
 
 Avouch-ed-er-ing. mis^. 
 un. Bewitch, to fascinate ; to charm. 
 
 Bewitch ed-er-ing-ment. unjdA. 
 dis. Entomb, to deposit in a tomb. 
 
 Entomb-ed-ing. ww^ed. dis^. 
 im. Ferment, to heat, or work ; to set in motion. 
 
 Ferment-ed-ation-able. i/n^ed. * 
 
 pre. Omen, a sign, or indication of. 
 
 Omin-ous-ously-ness-ate. /jrf^ate. 
 un. Relent, to soften in temper ; to feel compassion. 
 
 Relent-ed-ing-less-lessly. wnjng-ingly. 
 un. Refract, to break the course in rays of light. 
 
 Refract-ed-ion-ive-ory. w/j^ed. Fractus, broken 
 un. Resent, to take ill ; to be offended. 
 
 Resent-ed-ing-ment-ful-fully. unjing. 
 un. Reveal, to disclose, or make known. 
 
 Reveal-ed-ing-able. Revelation. 
 un. Sustain, to b'ear ; to uphold, or support. 
 
 Sustain-ed-er-ing-able. wn^ed-able. 
 un. Sophist, a false reasoner. Sophia, wisdom. 
 
 Sophisticate, to use sophistry. 
 
 Sophist-ical-icate-ication wnjcal-icated. 
 e. Special, particular. Especial, very particular. 
 
 Special -ly. e^.-ly. Specio, to see. 
 un. System, an assemblage 6f principles, or things. 
 
 Systemize, or Systematize, to reduce to system. 
 
 System-atic-atical-ize-ized. wn^atic-ized. 
 m. Timid, fearful, //jtimidate, to make afraid. 
 
 Timid-ly-ity-ness. 2n^ate-ated-ation. 
 all. Trmmph, to obtain a victory ; to rejoice for victory. 
 
 Tnumph-ed-er-mg-al-ant-antly. a//^ing. 
 
88 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 un. Answpr, to speak in return ; to reply. 
 
 Answer-ecl-ing-able. w??^ed-able-ably. 
 super. Angel, a spirit ; a celestial being. 
 
 Angel-ic-ical-ically. super jc. 
 in. Differ, to disagree ; to be unlike. 
 
 Differ-ent-ently-ence. i/i^ent-ently. 
 en. Danger, peril ; risk ; exposure to injury. 
 
 J^?/danger, to expose to injury. 
 
 Danger-ous-ously-ousness. en^.-ed-ing. 
 un. Drama, a composition representing a picture of human 
 life. See Appendix, No. 1, Rule 8th. 
 
 Drama-tic-tical-tically-tist. wn^tic-tical-tically. 
 un. Emblem, representation by similar qualities. 
 
 Emblem-atic-atical-atically. wn^atic. 
 un. Harass, to tease ; to perplex ; to molest ; to weary. 
 
 Harass-ed-er-ing. U7ifid. 
 dis. Honor, to revere ; esteem due to worth ; dignity. 
 
 Honor-ed-ing-able-ably. t/z-s-^.-able-ably. 
 im. Moral, relating to virtuous conduct. 
 
 Moralize, to make moral. Mos, a custom. 
 
 Moral-ize-ized-ization-ity. i;n^.-ity. 
 un. Profit, gain, or advantage ; to improve. 
 
 Profit-less-able-ably-ableness. ww^able-ably. 
 CO. Partner, one who shares with another. 
 
 Partner-ship, co^.-ship. 
 im. Peril, danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy. 
 
 Peril-ous-ously-ousness. zw^.-ed. 
 un. Question, to interrogate ; the subject of dispute. 
 
 Question-ed-er-ing-able . ww^ed-able-ably. 
 un. Symbol, a sign of any moral thing by images. 
 
 Symbolize, to represent by symbols. 
 
 Symboi-ic-ical-ically-ize-ized-izing. 
 
ENGLISH LAXGU AGE. 89 
 
 post. Nuptial, pertaining to marriage. 
 
 Postnuptial, after marriage. Nabo, to marry. 
 un. Pardon, to forgive an offense ; to remit a penalty. 
 
 Pardon-ed er-ing-able-ableness. ww^ed-able-ably. 
 im. Pious, godly ; religious ; respect for parents. 
 
 Pious-ly. im^Ay. Pietas, piety. 
 im. Proper, fit ; particularly suited to ; just. 
 
 Proper-ly. im^Ay. Prope, near, 
 un. Punish, to affect with pain ; to chastise. 
 
 Punish-ed-er-ing-able. «/?^ed-ing-able. 
 un. Pension, annual allowance of money by government. 
 
 Pension-er-ary, one who receives a pension, un^ed. 
 ante. Penult, or Penultimate, the last syllable of a word ex- 
 cept one. Pene, almost ; ultimus, the last. 
 
 Penult-imate. aw^e^.-imate. 
 anti. Poison, to affect with poison ; a substance which, if 
 taken into the stomach, destroys life ; infectious. 
 
 Poison-ed-ing-ous-ously-able. anti^. 
 com. Pupil, a scholar; the apple of the eye. 
 
 Pupil-age-ary. Cowpupil, a fellow-pupil, 
 un. Ransack, to search thoroughly ; to pillage. 
 
 Ilansack-ed-ing. t/n^ed. 
 CO. Regent, one ruling, or governing. Rex, a king. 
 
 Reg-Ent-ency-entship. co^. non^. 
 un. Regret, to grieve ; grief; sorrow of mind. 
 
 Regret-ted-ting-ful. wn^ted. See Rule 6th. 
 un. Repeat, to do again ; to utter again. 
 
 Repeat-ed-ing. t/n^ed. Peto, to ask, or seek, 
 arch. Rebel, to revolt from government ; one who revolts. 
 
 Rebel-led-lion-lious. arch.^. Bellum, war. 
 un. Righteous, just according to the Divine law. 
 
 Righteous-ly-ness. wn^.-ly-ness. 
 
 8* 
 
90 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XXVI. • 
 
 PRIMITIVP, WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES, E ;DING WITH E. 
 
 un. Dilate,* to expand ; to enlarge ; to widen. 
 
 Dilate-ed-ing-ion. un^ed. 
 
 Dilated, was expanded, or enlarged, 
 
 Dilatmo-, continuing to expand. 
 
 Dilation, the act of expanding. 
 
 UndilaXed, was not expanded. 
 un. Attire, to dress ; ornamental clothes. 
 
 Attire-ed-er-ing. wn^ed. 
 un. Corrode, to rust ; to eat away by degrees. 
 
 Corrode-ed-ing-ible-ibility. wn^ed. 
 un. Deserve, to merit; to be worthy of good, or evil. 
 
 Deserve-ed-edly-ing-ingly. wn^ed-edly. 
 un. Defense, any thing that secures protection. 
 
 Defense-ive-ively-less-lessness.f wnjve. 
 un. Desire, to wish for the possession of. 
 
 Desire-ed-ing-ous-ously-able. ww^ed-able. 
 in. Docile, teachable ; ready to learn. 
 
 Docile-ity. iii^Aty. Docilis. 
 un. Expense, cost ; charge ; price. 
 
 Expense-ful-fuUy-less-ive-ively-iveness. ««-ive. 
 un. Endure, to last ; to undergo. Durus, hard. 
 
 Endure-ed-ing-ance-able. Mnjng-able. 
 en. Feeble, weak ; infirm. £«feeble, to make feeble. 
 
 Feeble-ness. en^.-ed-ing. 
 un. Humble, to abase ; meek ; lowly. Humilis. 
 
 Humble-ed-ing-ness. un.ed. 
 eu. Rapture, transport of joy. £^// rapture, to give joy to 
 
 Rapturc-ous-ously. en^.-ed-'mg. 
 
 * See Rule 1st f See Rule 2d. 
 
ENGLISH LANGXJAOE. 91 
 
 un. Achieve, to perform ; to execute ; to finish, or gain. 
 
 Achieve-ed-ment-ance-able. un^ed-able. 
 in. Coerce, to restrain by force ; to compel. 
 
 Coerce-ed-ion-ible-ive. injhle. 
 un. Confine, to limit, or bound ; a border, or edge. 
 
 Confine-ed-ing-ment. «n^ed-able. Finis, end, 
 un. Contrite, broken-hearted for sin ; penitent. 
 
 Contrite-ly-ness-ion. Tritum, to rub. 
 pre. Decease, to die ; departure from this life. 
 
 Decease-ed. pre^.-ed. Cedo, to yield. 
 un. Explore, to search for, or to view with care. 
 
 Explore-ed-er-ing-ation. un^ed-ahle. 
 un. Invite, to ask ; to request ; to allure. 
 
 Invite-ed-ing-ingly-ation. un^ed-ing. 
 un. License, to grant, or give permission ; leave. 
 
 License-ed-ing. ww^ed. anti^. 
 im. Passive, suffering ; not active ; not opposing. 
 
 Passive-ly-ness-ity. im^Ay. Patior, to suff*er. 
 de. Picture, a painting ; a likeness drawn in colors. 
 
 Depict, to form a likeness. Z)(?pict-ed-ing. 
 un. Profane, to pollute ; irreverence to sacred things. 
 
 Profane-ed-ing-ity-ation-ly. Fa7ium, a temple 
 an, Repine, to murmur ; to feel discontent. 
 
 Repine-ed-er-ing-ingly. wn^ing-ingly. 
 un. Rebuke, to chide ; to reprove, or punish. 
 
 Rebuke-ed-ing-ful-able. un^ed-nhle . 
 un. Restore, to give back, or replace ; to heal. 
 
 Restore-ed-ing-able-ation-ative. t/?i^ed. 
 un. Vitiate, to injure the substance of any thing ; to make 
 
 Vitiate-ed-ing. w/i^ed-ing. [impure, 
 
 in. Urbane, civil ; courteous in manners. 
 
 Urbane-ity. in Jity. Urbsj a city. 
 
93 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 un. Amuse, to entertain the mind agreeably. 
 
 Amuse-ed-ing-ment-ive. w;2^ed. 
 un. Allure, to entice ; to decoy, or tempt. 
 
 Alliire-ed-er-ing-ment. wn^ed. 
 un. Abridge, to make shorter ; to lessen, Brevis, short 
 
 Abridge-ed-ing-ment. ww^ed. 
 un. Appease, to make quiet ; to calm, or pacify. 
 
 Appease-ed-ing-able. un^ed. Pax, peace, 
 un. Apprise, to give notice to ; to inform. 
 
 Apprise-ed-er-ing. «w_,ed. 
 un. Censure, to blame ; the act of blaming. ^ 
 
 Ce-nsure-ed-able-ableness. w;z^ed-able. 
 un. Despise, to scorn ; to have the lowest opinion of. 
 
 Despise-ed-ing-able-ableness. un^ed. 
 un. Divulge, to make public ; to disclose, or tell. 
 
 Divulge-ed-ing-er. un^od. 
 un. Deprave, to make bad ; to corrupt ; to impair. 
 
 Deprave-ed-ing-ity-ation. u?i^ed. 
 un. Divorce, to dissolve the marriage covenant. 
 
 Divorce-ed-er-ing-ment. un^ed 
 un. Elate, to raise, as the mind or spirits ; to puff up. 
 
 Elate-ed-ingr-ion. w;?^ed. See Rule 8th. 
 un. Injure, to hurt, or wound. Injury, damage. 
 
 Iiijm'e-ed-er-ing-y-ious-iously. im^ed. See Rule 3d 
 un. Imbibe, to drink in ; to absorb. Bibo, to drink. 
 
 Imbibe-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 un. Torture, to inflict pain on body, or mind. 
 
 Torture-ed-er-ing. im^ed. 
 un. Trouble, to agitate, or disturb ; affliction. 
 
 Trouble-ed-somc-somelv-someness. 7/«.ed. 
 un. Virtue, moral goodness, or excellence. 
 
 Yirtue-ous-ously-less-al-ally. unjfius. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 93 
 
 mis. Behave, to conduct well, or ill ; to act. 
 
 Behavior, manner of behaving 
 
 Behave-ed-ing-ior. mis^.-ed-ior. 
 un. Chastise, to punish ; to correct. Castigo, to beat. 
 
 Chastise-ed-ing-able-ment. vn^ed. 
 in. Commute, to exchange one thing for another. 
 
 Commute-M-ation-ative-able-ability. in^able-ably- 
 ability. wn^ed. Muto, to change. 
 un. Comprise, to contain, or include. 
 
 Comprise-ed-ing-al. un^ed. 
 en Circle, a curve bending round till both ends meet. 
 
 Encircle, to enclose in a circle. £/icircle-ed-ing. 
 re. Double, to fold ; twice the sum ; twice as much. 
 
 Double-ed-ing-ness. re^.-ed-ing. Duo, two. 
 un. Dilute, to make thin, or weak ; to render more liquid. 
 
 Dilute-ed-ing-ion. ?/n^ed. Diluo, to dilute, 
 dis. Entrance, to put in a trance ; to enrapture. 
 
 Entrance-ed-ing-ment. dis^.-ed-ing. 
 un. Expunge, to blot out, as with a pen ; to erase. 
 
 Expunge-ed-ing. vn^ed. Pungo, to prick, 
 un. Enhance, to increase ; to raise, or aggravate. 
 
 Enhance-ed-incr-ment. un^ed. 
 un. Excise, an inland duty on goods. 
 
 Excise-man, an excise officer. 
 un. Exile, to banish ; one sent into banishment. 
 
 Exile-ed-ing-ment. vn^ed. 
 un. Infringe, to break, as a contract ; to transgress. 
 
 Infringe-ed-ing-ment. un^ed. Frango, to break, 
 self. Indulge to permit to be ; to suffer ; not to check. 
 
 Indulge-ed-ent-ently-ence. seJf^ence. [nounced. 
 
 Lecture, to discourse ; a discourse, read, or pro- 
 
 Lecture-ed-er-ing-ship. Lego^ to read, or choose. 
 
 V 
 
94 ANALTSfS OF THE 
 
 inter. Meddle, to have to do wit"h ; to handle, or touch. 
 
 Meddle-er-some-someness. m^er^.-ed-ing. 
 un. Muffle, to cover from the weather ; to blindfold. 
 
 Muffle-ed-er-ing. un^.-ed-ing. [remark, 
 
 un. Notice, to observe ; observation by the senses ; a 
 
 Notice-ed-ing-able. un^ed. Nosco, to know, 
 un. Nurture, to nourish ; to bring up, or educate. 
 
 Nurture-ed-ing. un^ed. Nutrio, to nurse, 
 un. Pollute, to defile ; to profane, or violate. 
 
 Pollute-ed-ing-ion. un^ed. Polluo^ to pollute, 
 un. Provoke, to make angry ; to oifend. Vocu^ to call 
 
 Provoke-ed-ing-able. ?/w^ed-ing. 
 un. Refute, to disprove by argument. Refuto. 
 
 Refute-ed-ing-ai-ation-able, ww^ed. 
 un. Reprieve, to respite after sentence of death. 
 
 Reprieve-ed-ing. wn^ed-able. 
 un. Revile, to reproach with opprobrious language. 
 
 Reviie-ed-er-ing-ingly-ment. un^ed. 
 un. Rescue, to deliver, or save from, as from danger. 
 
 Rescue-ed-er-ing-able. unj&d. 
 un. Reserve, to keep in store ; to hold back in the mind. 
 
 Reserve-ed-edly-edness-ation. wn^ed-cdly. 
 un. Relieve, to free from, or remove in part. 
 
 Relieve-ed-ing-able. ww^ed-able^ 
 in. Sincere, real; unfeigned. Sincere-ly-ness-ity. m^.-ity, 
 un. Succinct, brief; short, or compressed. 
 
 Succinct-ly-ness. Cinctus, a girdle, 
 over. Sedate, settled ; composed ; calm. 
 
 Sedate-ly-ness-ive. over^. 
 un. Surprise, to come, or fall upon suddenly. 
 
 Surprise-ed-ing-ingly-al. un^ed. 
 
 Tragedy, a dramatic poem. Trag-ic-cal-ically. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 95 
 
 un. Expose, to lay open ; to make liable ; to offer. 
 
 Expose-ed-ure-ition-able. wn^ed. 
 un. Erase, to rub, or scrape out, as letters. 
 
 Erase-ed-ure-ion-ment, Rado, to scrape, 
 un. Enlarge, to make greater ; to extend. 
 
 Enlarge-ed-ing-ment. un^ed. 
 un. Obscure, to darken ; not intelligent. 
 
 Obscure-ed-ity-ation. w»^ed. 
 dis. Oblige, to constrain to do ; to do a favor to 
 
 Oblige-ed-ing-ation-atory. dis^.-ed. 
 . im. Provide, to procure beforehand ; to foresee. 
 
 Provide-ed-ent-ence. im^enl. iinje,d. 
 un. Prepare, to fit ; to adapt, or make ready. 
 
 Prepare-ed-ing-ation-ative. wn^ed-edly. 
 ir. Retrieve, to recover again ; to repair. 
 
 Retrieve-ed-able. zV^able-ably. un^ed. 
 ir. Revere, to reoard with fear, mingled with respect 
 
 Revere-ed-ence-eiitial-ently. ir^ent-ence. 
 un. Salute, to greet with kind wishes ; to hail. 
 
 - Salute-ed-mg-ation-atory. un^ed. 
 dis. Concert, to contrive together ; to arrange, or adjust 
 
 i)i.?concert, to frustrate, or derange. 
 
 Concert-ed-ing. c?/X.-ed-ing-ion. 
 re. Splendor, great brightness. Splendid ; showy. 
 
 iJesplendent, very bright ; brilliant. 
 
 Splend-or-id-idly. re^ent-ently-ency. 
 un. Season, to give relish to ; part of the year. 
 
 Seasonable, timely, or in time. 
 
 Season-able-ably-ableness. «;?^able-ably. 
 un Spirit, the soul ; breath ; air, &;c. 
 
 Spiritualize, to make, or become spiritual. 
 
 Spirit-ual-ually-uality-ualize-ualization. 
 
96 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XXVIl. 
 
 PRIMITIVE WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES, ENDING WITH Y. 
 
 un. Annoy, to molest ; to disturb, or incommode. 
 
 Annoy-ed-er-ing-ance.* un^ed. 
 dis. Array, to deck, or dress ; the order of troops. 
 
 Array-ed-ing. dis^.-ed-mg. u?i^ed. 
 un. Betray, to deliver up by treachery ; to mislead. 
 
 Betray-ed-er-ing-al. wn^ed. 
 un. Convey, to carry, or transport ; to transfer. 
 
 ConvGy-ed-er-ing-ance-ancer-ablCi 
 un. Defray, to pay expenses ; to discharge. 
 
 Defray-ed-ing-er. un^ed. 
 un. Delay, to linger ; to stay, or postpone. 
 
 Delay-ed-ing-er. un^ed-ing. 
 un. Essay, to try, or attempt ; a trial. 
 
 Essay-ed-ing-er. un^ed. 
 mis. Employ, to occupy the time ; to keep busy ; to use. 
 
 Employ-ed-er-ing-ment. ;72L9^.-ed;ing-ment. 
 un. Money, coin ; stamped metal, as silver. 
 
 Moneyed, rich in money. Money-less, un^ed. 
 dis. Obey, to comply with ; to yield to. 
 
 Obey-ed-er-ing-ingly. dis^,-ed-mg. wn^ed. 
 un. Portray, to paint, or draw a likeness of. 
 
 Portray-ed-ing-er-al. un^ed. 
 re. Survey, to take a view of; to measure. 
 
 Survey-ed-or-ing-orship. re^.-ed. un^od. 
 un. Waylay, to watch with evil intent. 
 
 Waylay-ed-er-ing. wn.ed. 
 un. Dismay, to deprive of firmness of mind. 
 
 Dismay-ed-edness-ing-ful. un^ed. ■^ 
 . * So« Exception 2d, under Rule 3d. 
 
ENGLISH LAXOriGE. 97 
 
 SECTION XXVIII. 
 
 PRIMITIVE WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES 
 
 all. Abandon, to desert ; to forsake utterly. 
 
 Abandon-ed-ing-er-ment. allied. 
 un. Abolish, to make void ; to destroy ; to abrogate. 
 
 Abolish-ed-ing-ment. un^ed. AboIi-Tion-tionist. 
 un. Ambition, a desire to excel ; a desire of eminence 
 
 Amb-itioiis-itiously-ness. w/ijtious-itiously. 
 un. Benefit, to profit ; an act of kindness. 
 
 Bene-Fit-fited-ficial-ficially, w/z^fited-ficial. 
 un. Condition, the particular state of a thing. 
 
 Condition-al-ally-aiity. 7/«,^al-al]y. 
 un. Demolish, to destroy; to lay in ruins. 
 
 Demolish-ed-er-ing. vn^ed. 
 un. Endeavor, to attempt ; to try to do. 
 
 Endeavor-ed-ing. wn^ed-ing. 
 un. Execute, to perform ; to effect, or do something. 
 
 Execu-Tion-tive-tor-trix. i//?^ed. 
 ab. Origin, the beginning of any thing ; source. 
 
 Originate, to bring into existence. 
 
 Origin-al-ally-ality-ate-ated-ation. abjii. 
 un. Relinquish, to withdraw from ; to quit. 
 
 Relinquish-ed-ing-ment. un^ed. 
 un. Sanction, to ratify ; to confirm. Sanctio. 
 
 Sanction-ed-er-ing. un^ed. 
 un. Supersede, to make void ; to displace. 
 
 Supersede-ed-ure. Sedeo, to sit; super^ over, 
 over. Timorous, fearful of danger ; timid. 
 
 Timorous-ly-ness. Timor, fear. 
 over. Tedious, tiresome ; fatiguing. Tedious-ly-ness. 
 mil. Understand, to ccraprehend ; to know. 
 
 9 
 
98 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 un. Accomplish, to complete ; to finish; to gaijnr. 
 
 Accomplish-ed-ing-iiient. ini^ed. Plea, to fill. 
 un. Counterfeit, to forge, or imitate ; to dissemble. 
 
 Comiterfeit-ed-er-ing-ly. vn^ed. 
 un. Comely, becoming ; graceful ; handsome. 
 
 Comely-ness. un^.-ness. See Rule 3d. 
 un. Decipher, to explain ; to unravel ; to unfold. 
 
 Decipher-ed-er-able. wrz^ed-abie-ably. 
 un. Diploma, a writing giving authority, or honor. 
 
 Diplomacy, the customs of embassadors. 
 
 Diploma-cy-tic. w«^tic. Appendix, No. 1, Rule StSi 
 over. Difficult, hard to be made, or done. 
 
 Difficult-y. over.^. Dis, not; facilis, easy, 
 un. Elicit, to draw out, or bring to light ; to deduce. 
 
 Elicit-ed-ing-ation, u?i^ed. 
 un. Encounter, to meet face to face ; a fight. 
 
 Encounter-ed-ing-er. un^ed. 
 un. Embellish, to adorn ; to beautify, or decorate, 
 
 Embellish-ed-ing-er-ment. un^ed. 
 un. Embroider, to adorn with needlework. 
 
 Embroidery, variegated needlework. 
 
 Embroider-ed-er-ing. un^ed. 
 un. Entertain, to receive and treat with hospitality. 
 
 Entertain-ed-ing-ment. wn^ed. 
 anti. Fanatic, wild and extravagant in opinions. 
 
 Fanatic-al-ally-ism. anh\. Fanum, a temple, 
 mis. Interpret, to explain words, as to the sense. 
 
 Interpret-ed-er-ing-ation. mis^.-ed-ing. 
 un. Interrupt, to hinder by breaking in upon. 
 
 Interrupt-ed-ing-ion. wn^ed-edly. 
 un. Intercept, to seize on by the way, or to stop. 
 
 Interoe"pt-©d-ing-ion. tm^ed. CapiOf to tak©* 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 99 
 
 SECTION XXIX: 
 
 PRIMITIVE ^ORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES CONTINUED. 
 
 re. Assemble, to collect in numbers ; to congregate. 
 
 Assemble-ed-ing-er. re^.-ed. urt^ed. 
 dis. Advantage, benefit ; promotion of interest. 
 
 Advantage-oiisly.* c/i,5-,ous-ously-ousness. 
 in. Audible, that may be heard. Audio, to hear. 
 
 Aud-ible-ibly-ience-itory. zV? jble-ibly. 
 un. Analyze, to resolve a body into its elements. 
 
 Analyze-ed-er-ing-ation. tinned. 
 un. Beguile, to delude ; to deceive by craft. 
 
 Beguile-ed-er-ing-ment. ?/;i,.-ed-ing. 
 un. Betoken, to show by signs. Betoken-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 in. Credulous, apt to believe without evidence. 
 
 Credul-ous-ously-ity. z>2,ous-ously-ity. 
 un. Discipline, education ; correction ; government. 
 
 Discipline-ed-ing-ary-arian-able. ufi^ed. 
 un. Dissemble, to disguise ; to deceive. 
 
 Dissemble-ed-er-ing. vn^ed-iug. 
 in. Evident, plain ; clear ; obvious ; manifest. 
 
 Evid-Ent-ence-encing-ential-ently. indent. 
 un. Institute, to appoint ; to establish ; to enact. 
 
 Institute-ed-ing-ion-ional-ive. u7i^ed. 
 un. Persecute, to pursue to injure ; to harass. 
 
 Persecute-ed-or-ion. w;i,ed. Seqiior, to follow. 
 im. Placable, that may be appeased. Placo, to appease. 
 
 Plac-Able-ability. /w^able-ability-ably. 
 ir. Resolute, firm ; bold. Resolute-ly-ion. tr^.-Iy-ion. 
 un. Ridicule, to mock, or laugh at in contempt. 
 
 Ridicule-ed-ous-ously-ousness. un^ed 
 
 * 6«e E:2;c«ption under Rul« lit 
 
100 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 un. Analogy, a likeness to, in some respects. 
 
 Anal-ogy-ogous-ogical. w;i^ogoiis. 
 un. Distinguish, to discern, or show a diflergnce. 
 
 Distinc^uish-ed-able-er. un^nhle. 
 dis. Interest, to concern, or affect ; advantage. 
 
 Interest-ed-ing. (/^.s'^ed-edly-edness-ing. 
 im. Manacle, a handcuff. /wmanacle, to put on hand- 
 cuffs ; to enslave. Manus, the hand, 
 un. Patriot, a lover and defender of his country. 
 
 Patriot-ic-ism. unjc. Patria, one's country 
 ,un. Petition, to make a request to 5 to ask from. 
 
 Petition-ed-er-ing. un^ed. Peto^ to ask. 
 im. Penitent, one who repents of his sins ; contrite. 
 
 Penit-Ent-ence-ency. m,ent-ence-ency. 
 un. Popular, pertaining to the common people ; beloved 
 by the people. Popular-ity. Po/9u/<^5, people. 
 im. Polity, the form of civil government. 
 
 Poli-Ty-cy-tic-tical. iw^tic. Pulis, a city. 
 im. Probity, tried virtue, or integrity ; strict honesty. 
 
 /wvprobity, want of integrity. 
 ir. Regular, uniformly the same. Rfgo, to rule. 
 
 Regular-ly-ity. ^r^.-ly-ity. 
 un. Repugnant, opposed ; contrary to ; inconsistent. 
 
 Rcpug-Nant-nantly-nance-nancy. Pitgno, to fight, 
 un. Extinguish, to put out ; to quench, or destroy. 
 
 Extinguish-ed-er-ing-able. w//^ed-able. 
 un. Important, of great consequence ; weighty. 
 
 Important-ly. aJl^. v?i^.-\y. 
 Ai, Feasible, that may be done ; practicable. 
 
 Feas-ible-ibly-ibilJty-ness. 2/?^.-ibility-ness. 
 un. Solicit, to ask for ; to seek by petition. 
 
 Solicit-ed-or-ous-ously-ude-ation. un^ed-ous. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 101 
 
 dis. Continue, to remain in any place ; to extend. 
 
 Continual and Continuous, mean c ntinuing. 
 
 Continue-ed-ous-ously-al-ally-ance-ation. 
 
 Z)/\y,.-ed-incj-ance-ation-ous. Teneo, to hold, 
 over. Tenacious, adhesive ; holding fast. Teneo, to hold. 
 
 Tenacious-ly-ness. Tenacity, adhesiveness, 
 mis. Represent, to show ; to exhibit, or describe. 
 
 Represent-ed-ing-ation-ative. w^^^-^ed-ation. 
 un. Discomfit, to rout ; to defeat, or scatter in flight. 
 
 Discomfit-ed-ing-ure. ww^ed. 
 un. Domestic, belonging to the house ; tame. 
 
 Domesticate, to make tame. 
 
 Domestic-ate-ated-ation-ally. fa?^ated. 
 un. Ornament, to adorn ; that which adorns. 
 
 Ornament-ed-inff-al-allv. wn,ed-al. Orno, to adorn, 
 im. Plausible, that may be applauded ; apparently right, 
 
 Plaus-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness. im^xhle. 
 un. Parallel, running in accordance with, or lying side by 
 
 side, equally distant, as lines, 
 anti. Puritan, a dissenter from the Church of England. 
 
 Puritan-ic-ical-ically-ism. anti^. 
 im. Precrnable, that may be taken bv force. 
 
 /^pregnable, that can not be taken by force, 
 un. Reprimand, to reprove severely ; a reproof. 
 
 Reprimand-ed-ing. unjedi. 
 un Replenish, to fill ; to furnish ; to complete. 
 
 Replenish-ed-ing. un^eA. Plenus, full. 
 Irrigate, to water ; to moisten. Irrigate-ed-ing-ion, 
 un. Romantic, pertaining to romance ; wild ; fanciful. 
 
 Romantic-ally-ness. un^ally. 
 Sedition, rebellion against law, or government. 
 
 Sedit-ion-ionary-ious-iously. 
 
 9* 
 
103 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XXX. 
 
 Vn MITIVE WORDS OF THREE AND FOUR SYLLABLES. 
 
 un. Affable, ea&y of conversation and manners. 
 
 Aff-Able-ably-ability-ableness.* ww^able. 
 m. Congruous, suitable ; consistent ; fit. 
 
 Congru-ous-ously-ity. i»^ous-ity. 
 non. Contagious, generating contagion ; catching. 
 
 Contagious-ly-ness. 7ion^.-r\ess. un^. 
 in. Contiguous, touching ; meeting ; joining. 
 
 Contigu-ous-ously-ity. -///^ous-ously. 
 in. Corrigible, that may be set right, or corrected. 
 
 Corrig-ible. mjble-ibly-ibility-ibleness. 
 semi. Deist, one who denies Revelation. 
 
 De-ist-istic-istical-ism. semi^\sX\c?\. 
 de. Predal, pertaining to prey, or plunder. 
 
 Depredate, to plunder, or rob. Prada, prey. 
 
 Pred-Al-aceous-accc usly-atory-atorily . Je^ate-ation. 
 im. Probable, likely to be ; that may be. Probo, to prove. 
 
 Prob-Able-ably-ability. m.^able-ability. 
 anti. Paralysis, palsy. Paralyze, to afflict with palsy. 
 
 Paraly-sis-tic-ze-zed. anti^tic. 
 un. Sagacious, acute in discernment ; quick of thought. 
 
 Saga-cious-ciously-ness-city. w;/^cious. 
 in. Scrutable, discoverable by inquiry, or examinatipn. 
 
 Scrut-Able. m,able-ably. Scrutor, to search, 
 in. Tangible, that may be touched. Tango, to touch. 
 
 Tang-ible-ibly-ibility-ent. zr? jble-ibly-ibility-ibleness. 
 e. Vacant, empty ; void ; not filled. Vacans. 
 
 Vacate, to make empty, ii^'vacuate, to leave. 
 
 Vac-Ant-ancy-ated-ating-ation. f jiate-uated-uation. 
 
 ^ See explanation, j^age 72. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 103 
 
 in. Artificial, made by art ; feigned. Facio, to malve. 
 
 Artificial-ly-ity-ness, in^Ay. un^Ay. 
 un. Assidui3us, diligent ; persevering ; careful. 
 
 Assidu-ous-ously-ousness-ity. U7ifius. 
 semi. Barbarian, a man in a savage state ; uncivilized. 
 
 Barbarous, cruel ; inhuman ; savage ; brutal. 
 
 Barbar-ous-ously-ity-ism-ian. ^'e?/?2^ous-ian. 
 in. Corporeal, or Corporeous, having a material body. 
 
 Corpore-Al-ous-ally. zn^al-ally. 
 mis. Conjecture, to surmise, or guess. 
 
 Conjecture-ed-ai, mis^. Jacio^ to cast. 
 in. Discover, to find out ; to lay open to view. 
 
 Discover-ed-ing-able. zV/^able. w/?^ed. 
 in. Ebriety, drunkenness. Ebnctas. 
 
 //jcbriate, to make drunk ; a dnmkard. 
 in. Experience, to try by use ; a series of trials. 
 
 Experience-ed-ing. wn^ed. m^.-ed. 
 in. ' Felicity, happiness, Felix, happy. 
 
 Felicitate, to wish joy to ; to congratulate. 
 
 Felicit-ous-ously-ate-ation. zw^ous-y. 
 in. Exorable, that may be moved by entreaty. 
 
 Exora-Ble-bly. m^ble-biy. Oro, to entreat. 
 la. Evitable, that may be shunned. Vito, to shun 
 
 Evita-Ble. zn,ble-blv-bleness. 
 !n. Invidious, envious ; likely to incur ill-will. 
 
 Invidious-ly-ness. un^. 
 »/n. Manufacture, to make by hand, or art. 
 
 Manufacture-ed-inCT-or. t/n,ed. 
 non. Resemble, to bear the likeness, or similitude of. 
 
 Resemble-ed-ing-ance non jince. 
 in Susceptible, capable of something more. 
 
 Suscept-ible-ibly-ibility-ness. «>j^.-ibility. 
 
104 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 in. Clement, mild in disposition ; gentle ; kind. 
 
 Clem-Ent-ently-ency. ^Xent-ently-ency. 
 im. Patient, enduring evils without murmuring. 
 
 Pati-Ent-ently-ence. zw/^ent-ently-ence. 
 im Prudent, careful of consequences ; cautious, 
 
 Prud-Ent-ently-ence-ential-entially. 
 
 /w^ent-ently-ence. Prude?is, foreseeing. 
 un. Pliant, that may be easily bent ; flexible. 
 
 Pli-Ant-able-ability-ableness. «w^ant-able, 
 in. Competent, sufHcient foj ; adequate. 
 
 Compet-Ent-ence-ency. /w^ent-ence-ency 
 im Pertinent, relating to the matter in hand. 
 
 Pertin-Ent-ence-ency. mj^ent-ence-ency. 
 im Permanent, remaining unchanged. 
 
 Perman-Ent-ently-ence. m^ent-ence. 
 un Prominent, standing out ; jutting. 
 
 Promin-Eut-ently-ence-ency. wn^ent. 
 in. Nutriment, that which nourishes ; food. 
 
 Nutri-Ment-mental-tion-tious-tiously-tive. 
 
 /^/^tious-tive-tion. Nutrin, to nourish. 
 in. Expedient, suitable for the purpose ; useful. 
 
 Expedi-Ent-ently-ence-ency. zXent-ence-ency. 
 Expedite, to hasten ; to quicken ; to dispatch. 
 
 Expedite-ed-ing-ion-ious-iously. 
 in. Experiment, a trial ; to make trial. 
 
 Experi-Ment-mental-mentally-ence. tw^ence. 
 in. Deficient, wanting in something ; not sufTicient. 
 
 Defici-Ent-ently-ence-ency. 2;/ ,ent-ency . 
 Incipiert beginning ; commencing. 
 
 Incipi-Ent-ently-ency."> 
 semi, "transparent, admitting a passage for light. 
 
 Transpar-Eut-ency. semi jdXi\-ei\cy. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 1 05 
 
 SECTION XXXT. 
 
 PRIMITIVES OF THREE AND FOUR SVLLABLES, ENDIXG WITH E 
 
 un. Actuate, to incite, or move ; to put in action. 
 
 • Actuate-ed-ing.* nn^ed. AcUi?n, done. 
 in. Accurate, in exact conformity to truth. 
 
 Accurate-ly-ness-cy. in^.-cy. See Rule 9th. 
 un. Conjugate, to give the inflections of a verb. 
 
 Conjugate-ed-ing-ion. Jungo, to join ; con, with. 
 un. Consummate, to end ; to finish, or complete. 
 
 Consummate-ed-ing-ion. ?///,ed. [treasury, 
 
 un. Confiscate, to adjudge to be forfeited to the state 
 
 Confiscate-ed-ation. Fiscus, a money-bag. 
 un. Dedicate, to set apart to a sacred use. 
 
 Dedicate-ed-ing-ion-ory. 7///^ed. 
 un. Emulate, to strive to equal, or excel. 
 
 Emulate-ed-ing-ion. ■inij.ug. 
 Emanate, to issue from ; to flow from. 
 
 Emanate-ed-ing-ion. Mano, to flow. 
 re. Iterate, to repeat, or do a second time. 
 
 Iterate-ed-ion. un^ed. Iterum, again. 
 un. Illustrate, to make clear ; to explain. 
 
 Illustrate-ed-iiig-ion-ive. nn^ed. 
 re. Ingratiate, to comm-end one's self to another's good 
 
 Avill, or kindness. Ingratiate-ed. re^.-ed. 
 pre. Intimate, to hint at ; familiar. 
 
 Intimate-ed-ion-ly-cy. ;)7«"^ion. 
 ex. Legislate, to enact laws. Lrx. a law. 
 
 Legislate-ed-iou-or-ure-ive. t-a^^or. 
 re. Masticate, to chew, or grind with the teeth. 
 
 Maslicate-ed-ing-ion. rc^.-\\\g. Masdco, to chew. 
 
 ♦ Observe Rule lst» also tli^j Sth and 9th, throughout this wetinOi 
 
106 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 in. Adequate, equal to ; fully sufficient. Aequus. 
 
 Adequate-ly-ness-cy. in^.-cy. 
 in. Delicate, nice ; feeble ; of a fine texture. 
 
 Delicate-iy-ness-cy. 7//^.-ly-cy. 
 un. Dissipate, to scatter ; to drive asunder. 
 
 Dissipate-ed-ing-ion. ?/n,ed. 
 pre. Dominate, to rule. Predominate, to rule over. 
 
 Dominate -ed-ion. y^r^^.-ed-ing-ion. 
 un. Estimate, to value ; to set a value on. 
 
 Dstimate-ed-ing-ion. wz/^ed. z//^ble-bly. 
 un. Extirpate, to pluck up by the roots. 
 
 Extirpate-ed-ing-ion. ww^ed. 
 un. Fabricate, to construct ; to manufacture. 
 
 Fabricate-ed-ing-or-ion. ?/«,ed. 
 un. Congratulate, to wish joy to another. 
 
 Conffratulate-ed-incr-ion-orv. ?///,ed. 
 un. Insulate, to place in a detached situation. 
 
 Insulate-ed-ing-or-ion. •ja/^ed. Insula, an island 
 un. Initiate, to introduce ; to instruct in first principles 
 
 Initiate-ed-ion-ory. ?/w^ed.' Eo, to go ; en, in. 
 im. Maculate, to spot, or to stain. Macula, a stain. 
 
 Maculate-ion. iw^.-ion-ly-ness. 
 un. Mutilate, to cut, or break ofT; to mar. 
 
 Mutilate-ed-ing-ion. unjiA. Idulilo, to lop off. 
 in. Numerate, to number. Numero, to number. 
 
 Numer-Ate-ated-ation-able-ator. «?<^able-ably. 
 ap. Proximate, nearest. j4/:»proximate, to come near. 
 
 Proximate-ly. <7y0^.-ed-ing ion. 
 un. Stipulate, to bargain ; to contract, or settle. ^ 
 
 Stipulate-ed-ing-ion-or. ?/>/,ed. 
 un. Salivate, to produce an unusual discharge of saliva. 
 
 Salivate-ed-ing-ion. w/z^ed. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. l07 
 
 an. AlDbreviate, to sliorten. Brevis, short. 
 
 Abbreviate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory. un^ed. 
 un. Affiliate, to adopt as a son. Filius, a son. 
 
 Aililiate-ed-iRg-ion. un^ed. 
 un. AmeliorsLte, to make better. Melior, better. 
 
 Ameliofate-ed-ing-ion. un^ed. [peat, 
 
 re. Capitulate, to surrender by treaty, as an army ; to re- 
 
 Capitulate-ed-ion-or. re^.-ed-ion. Caput^ the head, 
 un. Expatriate, to banish ; to quit one's country. 
 
 Expatriate-ed-ing-ion. Patria, a country. 
 Expostulate, to reason earnestly. 
 
 Expostulate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory. Postulo, to ask 
 un. Emancipate, to free from servitude. 
 
 Emancipate-ed-or-ion. vn^ed. 
 un. Exaggerate, to enlarge on beyond truth. 
 
 Exaggerate-ed-ing-ion. tinned. 
 dis. Incarcerate, to put in prison. Career, a prison 
 
 Incarcerate-ed-ion. dis\.-ed. 
 un. Incorporate," to form into a legal body ; to mix. 
 
 Incorporate-ed-ing-ion. un^ed. Curpfis, a body. 
 un. Incarnate, to be embodied in flesh. 
 
 Incarnate-ed-ion. Carfiis, flesh. 
 il. Legitinaate, lawful ; to make lawful. 
 
 Legitimate-ly-cy-ness. ih.-cy. 
 com. Peregrinate, to travel from place to place 
 
 Peregrinate-ed-ing-ion. romjon. 
 un. Remunerate, to recompense, or repav. 
 
 Remunerate-ed-ion. //.'i,ed. Munu.s\ a gilt. 
 un. Retaliate, to return like for like. 
 
 Retaliate-ed-ion-ive-ory. Tali\, such like, 
 in. Subordinate, to place in rank below ; to make subject 
 
 Subordinate-ly-ion. m^.-ion. 
 
1 08 A N' A L Y S r S {) K T H K 
 
 un. Adulterate, to pollute ; to debase by mixtufe 
 
 Advilterate-ed-ing ion. vn^ed. Adulter o. 
 un. Alleviate, to make light ; to remove in part. 
 
 Alleviate-ed-ing-ion. -?^«^ed. Levis, Wgtii. 
 un Ambiguous, doubtful ; having two or more meanmgs 
 
 Ambig-uous-uously-uity. un^wous. Am, round ; ago, 
 CO. Belligerent, waging war. Gerr.ns Bclhim. [to go. 
 
 in. Commensurate, reducible to the same measure. 
 
 Commensurate-ion-bility-bleness. z^.-ble . 
 un Commiserate, to pity, or feel sorrow for. 
 
 Commiserate-ed-ing-ion. un^ed.~ Miscereor, to pitj, 
 m Combustion, a burning ; a tumult, or uproar. 
 
 Combust-ion-ible-ibleness. «>? jble-ibilitv. 
 m. Compatible, consistent ; suitable ; agreeable. 
 
 Compat-ible-ibility. z??.^ibie-ibly-ibility. 
 Contumacious, stubbornness ; obstinacy. 
 
 Contuma-cious-ciously-ciousness-cy. 
 un. Coagulate, to curdle ; to congeal. Coagulo. 
 
 Coagulatc-ed-ion-ble-bility. im^ed. 
 in. Discriminate, to distinguish the diirerence. 
 
 Disgriminate-ed-ly-ion. m.^-y'^^^- 
 Ejaculate, to throw out. Ejaculate-ed-ing-ion-ory, 
 un Equivocate, to use words of a doubtful meaning. 
 
 Equivo-cate-cation-cal-cally. i/w^cal-^ally. 
 un. Exhilarate, to make merry^; to enliven ; to cheer. 
 
 Exhilarate-ed-ing-ion. tinned. Hilaris, merry, 
 un. Perforate, to bore, or make holes through. 
 
 Perforate-ed-ing-ion. nn^Qd. 
 un. Palliate, to cover with excuse ; to lessen. 
 
 Palliate-ed-ing-ion-ive. Pal'um, a cloak, 
 un. Ruminate, to muse ; to meditate ; to ponder. 
 
 Ruminate-ed-ing-ion-or. un^ed. 
 
ENOl. !SH LANGUAGE. 109 
 
 SECTION XXXII. 
 
 PRIMITIVES OF TWO AND THREE SYLLABLES, ENDING WITH Y. 
 
 un. Deny, to contradict ; to refuse, or disown. 
 
 Deny-ed-ing-al-able.* «/?^ed-able-abiy. 
 un. Envy, to repine at another's prosperity ; to grudge 
 
 Envy-ed-ing-ous-ously-able. t/;?,ed-ous-abIe. 
 un. Equity, strict justice ; right ; impartiality. 
 
 Equitable, according to equal rights 
 
 Equit-Able-ably-ableness. «w_,able 
 in. Efficacy, power to produce effects. 
 
 Effica-cy-cious-ciously. n?,^cious-ciously. 
 Gratuity, a free gift. Gratuit-ous-ously. 
 over. Industry, habitual diligence ; assiduity. 
 
 Industry-al-ous-ously. ^lyt^ous. 
 un. Luxury, undue indulgence of the appetite ; a dainty. 
 
 Luxury-ous-ously-ousness. itn^o\^s. 
 un. Mercy, favor; kindness; mildness. 
 
 Mercy-ful-fully-fulness-less. ^/rt/ul-fully. 
 im. Melody, agreeable succession of sounds. 
 
 MeJody-ous-ously. /w,^ous. j/n^ous-ously. 
 un. Pity, sympathetic feelings ; tender feelings. 
 
 Pity-ful-fully-less-abie-ably-ableness. un ^ed-h\l. 
 
 Pite^us-ously. See exception first, under Rule 3d. 
 un. Perfidy, treachery; a violation of faith, or trust. 
 
 Perfidy-ous-ously-ousi-iess. ?//?,ous. [evil, 
 
 ir. Remedy, that which cures a disease, or counteracts an 
 
 Remedy-able-less-ing. /r^able-ably. 
 un. Symmetry, a due proportion of parts. 
 
 Symmetry-cal-cally. ?/>/^cal-caIly. 
 
 * Observe Rule 3J and its exceptions, throughout this section ; and 
 also Rules 4th, 10th, and 11th, and the exception under Rule 11th. 
 
 10 
 
110 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 un Beautify, to make beautiful ; to decorate. 
 
 Beauti-Fy-fied-ful-less-ous-ously-ousness. w;?.^fied-ful. 
 un. Clarify, to make clear. Clari/s, clear. 
 
 Clarify-ed-er-ing-cation. v?i^ed. 
 un. Defy, to dare to combat ; to challenge. 
 
 Defy-ed-ing-er-ance. ww,ed-ing 
 un. Espy, to discover ; to see at a distance. 
 
 Espy-ed-ing. zni^eA. 
 un. Edify, to miprove the mind in knowledge. 
 
 Edify-ed-ing-ingly-cation. vn^ed-mg. 
 un. Fortify, to strengthen, as by forts, or otherwise. 
 
 Fortify-ed-ing-er-cation. ?/7z^ed. 
 un. Mortify, to destroy vital functions ; to humble. 
 
 Mortify-ed-ing-cation. vn^ed. Mors, death, 
 un. Notify, to publish ; to make known. 
 
 Notify-ed-er-ing-cation. tailed. 
 un. Ossify, to become bone ; to form bone 
 
 Ossify-ed-ing-cation. un^ed. 
 semi. Petrify, to convert to stone ; to make callous. 
 
 Petri-Fy-fied-fying-faction. semi^fied. See Exception 
 un. Rectify, to make right; to correct. [to Rule 11th. 
 
 Rectify-ed-er-ing-cation. un^ed. 
 un. Rarefy, to make thin, or less dense. Rarus, thin. 
 
 Rare-Fy-fied-fying-faction-fiable. nn^fied. 
 un. Ramify, to divide into branches. Ramus, a branch. 
 
 Ramify-ed-ing-cation. vn^ed 
 dis. Satisfy, to gratify the wants, or desires. 
 
 Satis-Fy-fied-fying-faction. t/7?^fied-fying. 
 oh. Stupefy, to make stupid ; to blunt. 
 
 Stupe-Fy-fied -faction. aZ* /action, 
 un Vitrify, to become, or form glass. 
 
 Yitri-Fy-iied-faction-fiable. unjied. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE 111 
 
 SECTION XXXIII. 
 
 DEFINING BY THE USE OF TWO PREFIXES. 
 
 vinin in. Debt, Avhat is due from one person to another. 
 
 Debt-or. m^ed-edness. imin^ed. 
 
 Debtor, the person who owes another. 
 
 Indehted, being in debt, or was in debt. 
 
 Indebtedness, the state of being in debt. 
 
 Unindebted, was not indebted, or in debt, 
 un in. Apt, fit ; suitable. Aptitude, fitness. 
 
 Apt-ly-ness-itude. mjtude. unjy. 
 un mis. Aim, to point at ; to try to accomplish. 
 
 Aim-ed-er-ing-less-lessly. misled, un^ed. 
 super un. Add, to put together ; to unite. 
 
 Add-ed-ition-itional-itionally. w//^ed. super^.-ed. 
 un in. Art, skill ; cunning. Artificial, made by art. 
 
 Art-ful-fully-fuiness-less-lessness-ificial-isan-ist. m_,ificial 
 out un. Boast, to brag in speech ; to exalt one's self. 
 
 Boast-ed-er-ing-ful-fuliy. nnjng. out^.-ed. 
 all un. Dread, great fear ; apprehension of evil. 
 
 Dread-ful-fully-fulness-less. mi^ed. allied. 
 be un. Deck, or i?edeck, to adorn ; to embellish, or clothe. 
 
 Deck-ed-er-ing. un^ed. be^.-ed-ing. 
 un re. Draff, to delineate ; to draw the outline. 
 
 Draft-ed-ing. re^.-ed-mg. un^ed. 
 un re. Gain, to obtain ; to win ; to acquire. 
 
 Gain-ed-er-ing. re^.-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 ap ii Laud, to praise in words. Laus, praise. 
 
 ^/>plausr praise given to ; a shout of approbation. 
 
 Laud-able-ableness-atory. ?7,able-ably. cr^^.-ed. 
 re un. Mind, to obey ; to fix the thoughts ; the intellect. 
 
 Mind-ful-fully-less. unjul-fully. re^.-ed. 
 
112 ANALYSISOFTHB 
 
 un re. Adjrn, to deck, or ornament. Orwo, to deck. 
 
 Ad])rn-ed-ing-ment. re^.-ed. un^cd. 
 mis un. Accept, to receive what is offered ; to agree. 
 
 Accept-ed-ing-ance-ation-able-ably-ability. ttn^ahle. 
 un re. Adjust, to put in order ; to settle. Jus, right. ^ 
 
 Adjust-ed-ing-ment. re^.-ed. ringed. 
 dis un. Allow, to grant ; to admit ; to afford. 
 
 Allow-ed-ance-able. un^ed. f//.9^ed-able. 
 pre un. Acquaint, to make fully known ; to inform. 
 
 Acquaint-ed-ing-ance. wn^ed. prejince. 
 self un. Deceit, fallacy ; fraud ; cheat ; double dealing. 
 
 Deceit-ful-fully-fulness-less. U7iju[. self^. 
 all un. Devour, to eat with greediness ; to destroy. 
 
 Devour-ed-ing. wn^ed. «//jng. Voro, to devour, 
 in un. Discern, to distinguish by the eye, or senses. 
 
 Discern-ed-ible. unjdd. e'^jble. Cerno, to see. 
 re un. Discuss, to debate. Quatio, to shake ; dis, apart. 
 
 Discuss-ed-ing-ion. vn^^ed. re^.-vA. 
 super self. Exalt, to raise high ; to elevate. Alius, high. 
 
 Exalt-ed-ing-ation. ^eZ/'^ing-ation. si/per^ation. 
 un in. Exhaust, to draw out ; to drain, 
 
 Exhaust-ed-ion. injhle. Haurio, to draw ; ex, out. 
 in un. Explain, to make plain ; to expound. 
 
 Explain-ed-able. Explan-Ation-atory. wn^ed. 
 over re. Flourish, to grow luxuriantly ; to thrive. 
 
 Flourish-ed-ing. re^.-ing. over^. Flos, a flower, 
 in un. Fracture, or /;ifraction, a breach; a rupture. 
 
 Fract-ure-ion-ional, ynjired. Frangn, to break, 
 re un. Install, to induct, or place in office. 
 
 Install-ed-ation-ment. 7/7?^ed. ^c^.-ed-ing-ment. 
 il un. Limit, to bound, or set bounds to. 
 
 Limit-&'i-able-atiou-less. w/i.ed. j7.abla 
 
ENGLISH LANCUAOE. 113 
 
 re un. Adjoiirn, to defer till another time. 
 
 Adjoiirn-ed-ment. V7i,ed. re^.-ed. [own, 
 
 re un. Adopt, to take a child as an heir; to take as one's 
 
 Adopt-ed-ion. t///,ed re,. Opo, to choose, [oil. 
 
 dis un. Anoint, to ponr oil on ; to consecrate by the use of 
 
 Anoint-ed-er-ing-ment. un^ed. <m\. [tions 
 
 re un. Assault, to attack with violence, or hostile inten 
 
 Assault-ed-er-ing. 7///^ed. re^.-ed. 
 self un. Banish, to condemn to exile ; to drive away. 
 
 Banish-ed-ment. un^ed. seJfjnent. 
 mis un. Bestow, to give ; to impart to, or confer. 
 
 Bestow-ed-ing-al-mxnt. vn^ed. wished. 
 de inter. Nation, a body of people under one government. 
 
 Nation-al-ally-ality-alize. hiterjil. c?e^alize. Natus, horn. 
 im un. Perish, to die ; in a state of decay. 
 
 Perish-ed-ing-able. t/;?,ing. m^able-ableness. 
 im un. Prosper, to render successful ; to thrive. 
 
 Prosper-ed-ous-ously-ity. ww^ous-ously. ijnjiy. 
 re-un. Publish, to make public ; to utter, or print. 
 
 Publish-ed-ing-ment. zai^ed. re^.-ed-ing. 
 ir un. Redeem, to ransom, or purchase back. 
 
 Redeem-ed-er-ing-abie. v?i^ed-3h\e. ir^ahle. 
 dis un. Regard, to look toward ; to notice with respect. 
 
 Regard-ed-ful-fully-less. i/n^ed. (7/X,.-ed-ing-ful. 
 ir un. Reproach, to censure ; to treat with scorn. 
 
 Reproach-ed-ful-fully-able. un^ed. zV^able-ably. 
 out un. Rival, to strive for the same thing; a competitor. 
 
 Rival-ed-ry-ship. un^ed. out,.-ed-'mg. 
 in mi. Support, to bear up ; to uphold ; to maintain. 
 
 Support-ed-er-able. un^ed. z;?,able-ably. [some place. 
 re un. Summon, to call, or notify by authority to appear at 
 
 Summon-ed-er-ing. vjt^ed. re^.-ed-iag. 
 
 10* 
 
114 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 in un. Alter, to make some change in. Alter, another. 
 
 Aiter-ed-ing-ation-able-abJlity. iw^ed. m.able-ably. - 
 •in im. Coiitest, to dispute, or to strive ; a strife. 
 
 Contest-ed-ing-able, wn^ed-able. zV/^able-ably. 
 S€lf un. Convict, to prove guilty. Vinco, to conquer. 
 
 Convict-ed-ing-ion. vn^d. self^ed-ion. 
 unac ac. Custom, frequent, or com.mon use. 
 
 Accustom, to make familiar by use. 
 
 Custom-ary-arily. «c^.-ed-ing. unacted. 
 dis un. Enchant, to practice sorcery ; to delight. 
 
 Enchant-ed-er-ing-ment. ?/7?,ed. disced. 
 un in. Expert, skillful ; experienced ; prompt. 
 
 Expert-ly-ness. in^.-ness. unjy. Perior, to try. 
 Siper un. Intend, to mean, or design. Tendo, to stretch. 
 
 Superintend, to have the charge of; to oversee. » 
 
 Intend-ed-ing. 6?iy;er,.-ed-ent-ence-ency. ww^ed. 
 re un [nvert, to turn upside down. Verto, to turn. 
 
 Invert-ed-edly-ing. un^ed. re^ed. * 
 
 un re. Polish, to make smooth ; refinement. 
 
 Polish-ed-ing-er-able. r«?^.-ed. un^ed. Polio, to smooth, 
 dis un. iSever, or Dissever, to separate I'ty violence. 
 
 Sevt.r-ed-ing-ance. iin^ad. Jz^.-ed-ing-ance? 
 un in. Suffer, to endure what is painful ; to allow. 
 
 Suffer-ed-ing-er-ance-able. zw^able-ably. ufij.ng. 
 un in. Temper, disposition ; mood ; humor. 
 
 Temperate, moderate ; abstemious. 
 
 Temper-ate-ately-ance. z/i^ate-ately-an'ie. 
 rein in. Vigor, energy ; active strength. 
 
 /?/vigorate, to make vigorous. Vigor, strength. 
 
 Vigor-ous-ously. m^a^e-ated-ating. ri?«/i^ate-ated. 
 all un. Worship, to perform religious service ; to respect 
 
 Worship-ed-er-ing-ful. wn^ed-ing. aUj.ng. 
 
ENGLISH Language. 115 
 
 re un. Assert, to affirm, or aver ; to declare. 
 
 Assert-ed-ing-ion-or. wn.ed. r<?^.-ed-ion. 
 re un. Attack, to assail by force, or words 
 
 Attack-ed-ing-able. w/?^ed-able. re^.-od. 
 dis un. Avow, to declare openly. Voveo, to vow. 
 
 Avow-ed-edly-al. ww^ed. dU^.-ed-ing-al. 
 in un. Civil, relating to policy ; sober ; well-bred. 
 
 Civilize, to reclaim from a savage state. 
 
 Civil-ly-ity-ize-ized'ization. ww,.-ized. in^ity. 
 in un. (/ongeal, to become thick, or stiff. Ge/u, frost. 
 
 Congeal-ed-ing-able-ation. un^ed. ?n,able. 
 in un. Control, to govern ; to keep under check. 
 
 Control-led-ler-lable. wn^ed. mjable. See Rule 6th. 
 in un. Corrupt, to vitiate, or make worse. 
 
 Corrupt-ed-ing-er-ion-ible. un^ed. iwjble-ibly-ion. 
 un dis. Inthrall, or Enthrall, to enslave. 
 
 Inthrall-ed-ing-ment. (lis,^.-ed-mg-meni. vn^ed. 
 un re. Foment, to bathe with warm liquors ; to excite. 
 
 Foment-ed-er-ing-ation. r^^.-ed. un^ed. 
 dis un. Favor, to befriend ; kind regard ; resemblance.. 
 
 Favor-ed-able-ably-ableness. ^/.9^.-ed. wn^able-ably. 
 un in. Frugal, sparing ; a prudent use of. 
 
 Frugal-l3'-ity. i7?,.-ity. un^Ay. 
 in un. Grateful, thankful ; having a sense of benefits. 
 
 Grateful-ly-ness. j/zz^.-ly-ness. u?,.-ly-ness. 
 mis un. Record, to register ; to write in ; a register of facts. 
 
 Record- ed-er-ing-ership. ww^ed. 7nh\ed. 
 dis un. Relish, to please the taste ; a pleasmg taste. 
 
 Relish-ed-inor-able. vn.ed. dis, .-ins. 
 in un. Utter, to speak, or pronounce words. 
 
 Utter-ed-ing-able-ance. ?/7?,ed-able. z//^able 
 
 Vanish, to disappear. Vanish-ed-ing. 
 
116 ANALYSiSOFTHE 
 
 m un. Active, having the power of quick motion ; busy 
 
 Aclive-ly-ness-ity. un^. zV/^.-ly-ity. 
 in un. Diminish to lessen ; to impair. Minus, less. 
 
 Diminish-ed-ing-able. un^ed. ?'?i^able. 
 re un. Deliver, to free ; to surrender ; to utter a speech. 
 
 Deliver-ed-er-ing-ance-able-y. un^ed. re^.-ed-ance-y. 
 dis un. Embarrass, to perplex ; to render intricate. 
 
 Embarrass-ed-ing-ment. wn^ed-ing. dis^.-meni. 
 in non. Elastic, springing back ; rebounding. 
 
 Elastic-al-ally-ity. 7)on^. ^7^^.-ity. 
 . super un. Excel, to go beyond ; to surpass. Celsus, lofty. 
 
 Excellent, better than common ; of great worth. 
 
 Excel-lent-lence-lency. svperjeul-lence. 
 reen en. Joy, gladness ; mirth ; hilarity. 
 
 Joy-ful-fully-less-ous. See Exception 2d, under Rule 3d. 
 
 Enjoy, to take pleasure in. reen.^.-ed-mg-ment. 
 un dis. Order, to direct ; regular arrangement. 
 
 Disorder, to put out of order. Order-ed-ing-ly. diSj^.-ly. 
 unem em. Power, force ; ability to do, or cause. 
 
 .Power-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessness. 
 
 EiJipower, to give power to. U7iem^ed. 
 over ap. Prize, or Apprize, to set value on; to value. 
 
 Prize-ed-er. <:/p,.-ed-al-ment. overbed. 
 dis un. Serve, to work for ; to wait on. Service, labor. 
 
 Serviceable, that does service. Servile, slavish. 
 
 Serve-ice-iceable-iceably-iceableness-ant-ile-ility- 
 ileness-itude. vnjicenhle. r/?'.y^.-iceableness. 
 dis mis. Trust, to confide in ; confidence. 
 
 Trust-ed-ful. w?/.s'^.-ed. t/i.s'^.-ed-ful.* 
 m un. Vary, to alter in any manner ; to difler. 
 
 Vary-ed-ing-able. i)ijih\e-uh\y. See Rule 3d. 
 
 * Mistrust^ implies suspicion ; Distrust^ want of confidence. 
 
"ENGLISH LA iNGUAGE. 117 
 
 SECTION XXXIV. 
 
 DEFINING BY THE USE OF TWO PREFIXES CONTINUED. 
 
 pre super. Eminent, high ; exalted in rank. 
 
 Emin-Ent-ently-ence. 6'?//?er^ent-ently. pre^ently-ence. 
 dis in. Obedient, submissive to authority. 
 
 Obedi-Ent-ently-ence. z«^ent-ently. c?/^^ent-ently-ence. 
 ar de. Range, to set in a row ; to rove at large. 
 
 Range-ed-ing. c/e^.-ed-ing-ment. a?\.-ed-ing-ment. 
 disen en. Cumber, or E/tcumber, to load, or burden. 
 
 Cumber-ed-ing-some-someness. e/<^.-ed-ing. 
 
 £'//cum-Ber-bering-brance. c?«6en^.-ed-ing-brance. 
 unpre pre. Destine, to ordain, or appoint ; to doom. 
 
 Destine-ed-ing-y-ation. pre^.-ate-ated-ation. uiipre^aXed 
 unen en. Dear, of high price ; beloved ; precious. 
 
 Dear-ly-ness. en^.-ed-ment. wnen.ed. 
 mis un. Fashion, to shape ; the shape, or form. 
 
 Fashionable, according to fashion ; genteel. 
 
 Fashion-ed-ing-able-ably-ableness. W7i^able. mis^.-ei. 
 re un. Importune, to request, or solicit with urgency. 
 
 Importunate, urgent, or pressing in a request. 
 
 Importune-ed-ing-ate-ately-ity. un^ed. re^.-ed. 
 <bre un. Mention, to state, or name something. 
 
 Mention-ed-ing-able. wn^ed-able. fore^ed. 
 irre re. Suscitate, to rouse ; to call into life, or action. 
 
 Suscitate-ed-ing-ion. re^.-ed-ion. irre^dhle. 
 US dis. Similar, resembling; like. Similis,Y\\\.e. 
 
 ^.vsimilate, to make, or cause to be like. 
 
 Simil-Ar-arity. rfi^ar-arity. a.s'.ate-ated-ation. 
 ane e. Vapor, an invisible elastic fluid ; steam. 
 
 Evaporate, to pass off in vapor, or steam. 
 
 Vapor-ous-isli. e^ate-ated-ation. t*n^ed. 
 
118 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 ex con. Cave, or Cavern, a hollow place in thp earth. 
 
 Cof'Ciive, hollowing inwardly. ExcsiVRle, to dig out. 
 
 Cave-ern-ity.* co/ij^.-iiy. er^ate-ated-ation. 
 de in. Fame, public report ; rumor ; renown. 
 
 D' fame, to slander ; to speak evil of ; to libel. 
 
 Fame-ous-ously. m^ous-ously-y. </(?^.-ed-ing-ation-atory 
 in unin. Flame, a blaze ; fire, /wflame, to set on fire. 
 
 Flame-less, unin^ed. z//^.-ed-ing. 
 
 //iflam-Mable-mably-mability-mableness-matory. 
 un be. Grudge, or ^c^grudge, to envy, or murmur. 
 
 Grudge-ed-ing-ingly. bc\^.-ed. ?///^ed-ing-ingly. 
 mis un. Guide, to direct ; a conductor. 
 
 Guide-ed-ing-ance. 7?iLs\.-ed-a,nce. r/w^ed. 
 un dis. Own, to acknowledge ; to have legal right to. 
 
 Own-ed-er-ing-ership. di6\.-ed. un^ed. 
 inter un. Pledge, to pawn something, as security ; tp en 
 gage to fulfil a promise, or declaration. 
 
 Pledge-ed-ing-or-ee. wn^ed. mter^.-ed. 
 dis un. Please, to exciXe agreeable emotions in ; to gr^ fy 
 
 Please-ed-ing-ingly-ure-urable-urably. unjint. di.s\. d- 
 re un. Seize, to lay hold on suddenly ; to take. [i* ^. 
 
 Seize-ed-ing-ure-able. un^ed. re^.-ure. 
 non in. Sense, the faculty by which external objects j » 
 perceived ; reason ; meaning ; import, 
 
 Sense-less-lessly-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness-ation. 
 
 /njble-ibly-ibility. non^.-ical-ically. 
 un in. Shade, to screen from light ; to paint ; obscurity. 
 
 Shade-ed-ing-ily-iness-y. in^ed. t/w^ed-y. 
 be un. 'I'ime, to adapt to the occasion ; duration. 
 
 Time-ed-ing-less-lessly-ly-ist. unj.y. he^, 
 
 * Observe Rules 1st and 2d, tlirougliout this section. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 119 
 
 all nn. Atone, to expiate an offense ; to make amends. 
 
 Atone-ed-ing-ment. un^ed. allj.ng. 
 un all. Admire, to regard with wonder ; to esteem. 
 
 Admire-ed-ing-er-ation-able-ably-ability. 
 
 All inff. vn^ed-'mcr. Miror, to wonder, 
 all un. Adore, to worship ; to pay divine honor to. 
 
 Adore-ed-ing-ation-able. un^ed. ailing. 
 un in Converse, to talk. Conversable, free in disccurse 
 
 Converse-ed-able-ation-ational. in^ahle. n?iJAe. 
 un mis. Contrive, to invent ; to devise, or plan. 
 
 Contrive-ed-ance-er-ment-able. mis^.-ed' un^ed. 
 in un. Conclude, to decide ; to finish ; to infer. 
 
 Conclusion, final decision. Conclude-ed-ing. wn^ed. 
 
 Conclus-ion-ive-ively-iveness. inJYe-\ve\y. 
 inter ex. Commune, to converse ; to confer together. 
 
 Communicate, to impart to another ; to give information 
 
 J^a-communicate, to cut off, or expel from communion. 
 
 Commune-ed-ion-icate-ication-icative-icant-icable. 
 
 ^.r^icate-ication. int.erjcViUoTi. ^;/Jcable-icability. 
 in un. Decide, *o determine ; to end ; to fix. 
 
 Decision, final determination. Decide-ed-ing-er. linked 
 
 Decis-ion-ive-ivel^^-iveness. z,7 jon-ive-ively-iveness. 
 in un. Define, to explain ; to mark the limits. 
 
 Define-ed-er-ition-able. W7j^ed-able, 2//^able. 
 in un. Dispute, to contend in argument; strife. 
 
 Dispute-ed-er-ation-able. uu^ed. injihle. 
 pre un. Declare, to tell explicitly ; to make plain. 
 
 Declare-ed-ation-ative-atory. un^ed. pre^atioQ. 
 mis un. Fortune ; success ; good luck ; wealth. 
 
 Fortunate, successful ; lucky ; prosperous. 
 
 Fortune-: ,;-ately. 7/w^ate-ateiy. ynis^.-Rte. 
 
 Fortuitous, accidental ; happening by chance. 
 
120 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 un dis. Agree, to assent; to be of one mind. 
 
 Agreeable, pleasing. D/^agreeable, not pleasing. 
 
 Agree-ed-ing-ment-able-ably-ableness. 
 
 Z)/6\.-ed-ing-able-ably-ableness. w;i^ed-able. 
 dis un. Abuse, to use, or treat ill. See Rule 1st. 
 
 Discihuse, to free from mistake ; to undeceive. 
 
 Abuse-ed-ive-ively-ness, w//^ed. dis^.-ed-'mg. 
 re un. Compile, to collect matter for a book. 
 
 Compile-ed-er-ing-ation. wn^ed. re^.-ment 
 in un. Compare, to liken one thing to another. 
 
 Compare-ed-ison-able-ative. tinned. z«^able-ably. 
 mis un. Construe, to translate ; to interpret. 
 
 Construe-ed-ing. ww^sd. mis^^.-ed. 
 semi un. Calcine, to reduce to a powder by heat. 
 
 Calcine-ed-ation. semi^ed. un^ed. 
 mis un. Derive, to draw, or receive, as from a source. 
 
 Derive-ed-ation-ative-able, u/i^ed. mis^. 
 in re. Flexile, easily bent ; pliant. Flecto, to bend. 
 
 Flex-ile-ible-ibility. rejty-ible. m^ible-ibility. 
 in un. Fertile, fruitful ; rich ; inventive. 
 
 Fertile-ity-ize-izing-ization. wn^.-ness. m^.-ity. 
 un mis. Improve, to make better in any sense. 
 
 Improve-ed-ment-able-ability. im^ed. mis^.-ment, 
 un mis. Manage, to conduct ; to carry on ; to direct. 
 
 Manage-ed-able-ably-ableness-ment. 7ms^.-ment. 
 non un. Observe, to notice with attention. 
 
 Observe-ed-ation-able-ance-atory. un^ed. nonjxnce. 
 im un. Perceive, to observe ; to understand. 
 
 Perceive-ed-ing-able-ably. wn^ed-able-ably. 
 
 Percep-Tion-tive-tible-tibly. zw^tible-tibly. 
 self un. Preserve, to save ; to keep safe from injury. 
 
 Presierve-er-ation-ative-able, vn^ed. selfcit\on> 
 
ENGLISH LAxNGUAGE. 121 
 
 re un. Compensate, to make amends ; to give an equiva- 
 lent; to remunerate. Compenso. 
 
 Compensate-ed-ing-ion-ory. wn^ed. rc^.-ed. 
 re un. Celebrate, to praise, or make famous. 
 
 Celebrate-ed-ing-ion. un^ed. re^.-ed-ation. 
 all un. Devastate, to lay waste ; to ravage, or destroy. 
 
 Devastate-ed-ing-ion. un^ed. a//jng. 
 self un. Educate, to instruct ; to bring up, as children. 
 
 Educate-ed-or-ion-ional-ionist. linked, self^ed. 
 in un. Expiate, to atone for ; to make reparation. 
 
 Expiate-ed-ion-ory. vn^ed. in^ ble. Rules 8th. and 9th 
 sub contra. Indicate, to point out, or show. 
 
 Indicate-ed-ion-ive. contra^ion. Indico, to show, 
 un in. Imitate, to copy after ; to counterfeit. 
 
 Imitate-ed-or-ion-ble-ive. in^ble-bly. un^ed. 
 im un. Mitigate, to alleviate ; to abate. Mitisy mild. 
 
 Mitigate-ed-ing-ion. t/n^ed. 'imjole. 
 un in. Separate, to divide, or part ; disunion. 
 
 Separate-ed-ion-ble-bility. i«^ble-bly. un^ed. 
 in un. Articulate, to utter words distinctly. 
 
 Articulate-ed-ion-ly. un^ed. in^Ay-ion. 
 re un. Accelerate, to quicken, as motion ; to hasten. 
 
 Accelerate-ed-ing-ive-ion-ory. wn^ed. 
 ir un. Conciliate, to reconcile ; to gain the affectiont, 
 
 Conciliate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory. vn^ed. 
 
 i?econcile-ed-ins-iation-able. triable. 
 re un. Interrogate, to question. Rogo, to ask. 
 
 Interrogate-ed-ing-ion-ive-ively-ory. un^ed, re^, 
 mis un. Translate, to interpret ; to transfer. 
 
 Translate-ed-ing-ion. un^ed. mis^.-ed. 
 un in. Terminate, to put an end to ; to close ; to limit. 
 
 Terminate-ed-ing-ion. tn^ble-bleness-bly. ua^iagi. 
 
 11 
 
122 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 un in. Access, a coming to ; a near approach. 
 
 Access-ion-ible-ibly-ibility. z>«^ible-ibility. uiiJHy. 
 un. Amiable, lovely. Ami-Able-ably-ability. ww^able. 
 in. Applicable, that may be applied ; suitable ; fit. 
 
 Applica-Ble-bly-bility. zw^bie-bility. 
 in. Capable, having sufficient capacity for. 
 
 Capacitate, to make capable of. Capio, to take. • 
 
 Cap-Able-ability-acitate-acious-acity. 
 
 /«^able-ability-acitate-acitated. 
 un. Determine, to decide. Determine-ed-ing-ation. w/^^ed 
 un. Demonstrate, to prove beyond a doubt. 
 
 Demonstrate-ed-or-ion-ble-bly. ww^ed-ble. 
 in. Eligible, fit, or worthy to be chosen. Eligo, to choose 
 
 Elig-ible-ibly-ibility. zn^ible-ibility. 
 un. Hesitate, to be in doubt. Hesitate-ed-ing-ion. wn^inglj 
 un. Illuminate, io enlighten. Illuminate-ed-ing-ion. 
 
 Negotiate, to transact business. Negotiate-ion-ble-or. 
 
 Precarious, uncertain. Precarious-ly-ness. 
 un im. Propitiate, to conciliate ; to render favorable. 
 
 /^propitious, unfavorable. Propitio, to appease. 
 
 Propiti-Ate-ated-ating-ation-ator-atory-ous-ously. 
 
 /w^ous-ously. wn^ous-ously-ousness. 
 in. Subordinate, inferior in order, rank, or degree. 
 
 Subordinate-ly-ion. z/«^.-ly-ation. Or^/o, order; ^wi, under 
 'm. Salubrious, favorable to health. Salus, safety. 
 
 Salubri-ous-ously-ousness-ty. mj)i\s-ty. 
 m. Vincible, that may be overcome. Vi?ico, to conquer. 
 
 Vinci-Ble-bly-bility-bleness. u/^ble-bly-bility-bleness. 
 in. Violate, to break, as a law. Violate-ed-ion-or. znj)le 
 un re. Capture, to take, or to seize, as a prisoner. 
 
 Capt-ure-ured-uring-or. r^jire-ured. wn^^ured. 
 over mis. Rule, to govern. Rule-cd-cr-ing. fnis\. over^.-ed 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 123 
 
 SECTION XXXV. 
 
 DEFINING BY THE USE OF THREE PREFIXES 
 
 im re un. Bound, to limit ; to leap ; a limit. 
 
 Bound-ed-ary-less. uv^ed. re^. im^. 
 
 Boundec?, did bound, or limit ; confined. 
 
 Boundary, that which bounds ; a limit. 
 
 Bound/e.v^-, without bounds ; unlimited. 
 
 Unbounded, was not bounded, or limited. 
 
 icebound, to bound back, or to bound again. 
 
 /abound, to bound in, or to inclose in limits, 
 un ab in. Err, to go astray ; to do wrong. 
 
 ^ Serration, a wandering from the right way. 
 
 Err-ed-ing-atic-atical-able-ableness. 
 
 Ab^Siiion. in^ahle. w/i^ng-ingly-able. 
 arch CO un. Found, to lay the basis ; to begin. 
 
 Found-ed-er-ation-ationless. un^ed. co^er. archjdr, 
 un dis. Grace, favor ; good will ; to adorn. 
 
 Grace-ful-fully-less-ious. disSnl-iuWy. wnjous-iously 
 dis re un. Joint, the joining of things, or place of joining 
 
 Joint-ed-edly-less. wn^.-ed. re^. disced. 
 en un dis. Robe, or Enrobe, to put on a robe, dis^.-ed. 
 un de an. Note, to notice ; to mark ; a short letter. 
 
 .Annotation, a remark ; a note, or commentary. 
 
 Denote, to mark out ; to signify ; to indicate. 
 
 Note-ed-ation. a/?^ation. c^e^,-ed. un^ed. 
 un dis mis. Place, to set, or put in some place. 
 
 Place-ed-ing. mis^.-ed. dis^.-ed. un^ed. 
 di«5 un self. Praise, to commend ; to applaud. 
 
 Praise-ed-worthy. se/f^. un^ed. dis^. 
 un im dis. Plume, a f&ather ; token of honor. 
 
 Plume-less-let. dis^.-ed. im^ons. un^.-ed. 
 
124 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 fore iin mis. Advise, to give counsel to. Video, to see. 
 
 Advise-ed-er-ing-able-ory. mis^.-ed. un^eA. 
 un ab in. Alien, a foreigner. Alienus, foreign. 
 
 Alienate, to transfer title, or right to another. 
 Alien-ate-ated-ation-able. m^able. ai^ate-ation. 
 un niis dis. Belief, persuasion of truth ; assent of the mind. 
 
 Believe, to give credit to. Believe-ed-er-ing. 
 
 D«.9^.-ed-ing. mis^.-ing. w7?^.-ing-er. 
 un Unas as. Certain, sure ; undoubted. Certus, sure. 
 
 Certain-ly-ty. ^^certain, to make sure by trial. 
 
 ^6certain-ed-ing-able-ment. unasked, un^.-ty. 
 un in re. Combine, to unite ; to link together. 
 
 Combine-ed-ation. re..-dit\on. in.shle. wn.ed. 
 un dis re. Commend, to praise ; to applaud ; to extol. 
 
 Commend-ed-ing-ation-atory, re^. dLSj^. un^ed. 
 un all in. Consume, to destroy ; to waste away. 
 
 Consume-ed-er-ing. 2w^able-ably. afljng. ww^ed. 
 un mis in. Correct, right, or to make right. 
 
 Correct-ed-ing-ion-ive-or. Rectus, right. 
 
 Uorrcct-ly-ness. in^Ay. w??".s^ed-ion. unjtd. 
 in un re. Consider, to think ; to fix the mind on. 
 
 Consider-ed-ing-ation. r(?^.-ed-ation. wn^ed. 
 
 Considerate, thoughtful. e;?^.-ly-ion-ness. 
 un anti pre. Constitute, to fix ; to establish, or make. 
 
 Constitute-ed-ion-ional. prejdd. antij.oxi-d\. r/wjonal 
 fore un pre. Design, to plan ; to intend ; a scheme. 
 
 Design-ed-er-ing-ation. pr^^ed. wn^ed-ing. 
 in un self. Destroy, to demolish, or lay waste ; to ruin. 
 
 Destroy-ed-er-ing. self^er. un^ed. See Ex. 2d, Rule 3d. 
 
 Destruct-ion-ive-ively-ible. self^ion. edible. [&c. 
 
 reim im re. Print, to impress letters or figures on paper 
 
 Print-ed-ing-er. re^.-ed. im^.-Qd. rcim^.-Qd. 
 
\ 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 125 
 
 dis un in. Console, to comfort ; to alleviate grief. 
 
 Console-ed-ing-able-ation-atory-er. 
 
 7/?^able-ably. «/*^ed-ing. (//.y^ate-atencss-ation. 
 in sub un. Divide, to separate ; to make partition of. 
 
 Divide-ed-edly-ing-er. w»,ed-edly. .sub^.-ed. 
 
 Divis-ion-ible-ibility. n/jble-ibility. sub jon. 
 all im pre. Mature, to ripen ; to perfect; ripe. 
 
 Mature-ed-ing-ity-ness-ly. pre^Ay. 2w^ity. 
 un re under. Purchase, to buy, as property. 
 
 Purchase-ed-ing-er. under^er. r^-^.-ed. ww^ed. 
 in unob ob. Noxious ; hurtful ; pernicious ; destructive. 
 
 Obnoxious, liable ; exposed ; offensive to. 
 ^ Noxious-ly-ness. ob^Ay. unob^. in^Ay. 
 m over un. Offend, to displease. Offense, displeasure. 
 
 Offend-ed-ing-er. ww^ed-ing. overbed. 
 
 Offense-ive-ively-iveness. m jve-ively. 
 pre re un. Obtain, to get, or gain ; to succeed in. 
 
 Obtain-ed-ing-able. w;i^ed-able. re^.-ed-mg able, 
 un mis dis. Profess, to make open declaration of; to avow. 
 
 Profess-ed-edly-ion-ional-ionally dis^. mis^. un^ed. 
 ir un after. Repent, to feel sorrow for what was wrong ; 
 to change the mind. Poena, pain. 
 
 Repent-ed-ing-ance. aftfr^wc\ce. wwjng-ingly. 
 un out mis. Reckon, to count; compute, or estimate. 
 
 Reckon-ed-ing. mis^.-ed. out^.-ed. vn^ed. 
 CO out un. Rival, to strive for an object in opposition to 
 some other person ; a competitor. Rivalis. 
 
 Rival-ed-ing-ry. ringed, oitt^. co^.-ry. 
 un re all. Search, to seek for ; to explore ; inquiry. 
 
 Search-ed-ing-ingly. a//,ing. re^. yn^ahle. 
 ill un en. Tangle, or Enta,ng\e, to twist together ; to puzzle. 
 
 Tangle-ed-ing. en^.-ed-er-ment. un^ed. 
 
 11* 
 
126 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 un non in. Attend, to wait on ; to go with ; to listen to 
 
 Attend-ed-ing-ance. non^RUce. 
 
 Attent-ive-ively-ion. iwjve-ively-ion. 
 ex un dis. Author, the writer of; the first mover of. 
 
 Authorize, to give power to ; to empower. 
 
 Author-ess-ship-ize-ized. c?«.s-^ized. unj.zed. 
 re un all. Conquer, to subdue, or to gain by force. 
 
 Conquer-ed-ing-or-able. a//^ing. wn,ed-able. re^.-ed. 
 mis self pre. Conceit, to imagine ; a notion, or fancy. 
 
 Conceive, to form an idea in the mind, pre^.-ed. 
 
 Conceit-ed-edly-ful-less. self^.-ed. mis^. 
 re un pre. Consult, to seek the opinion of others. 
 
 Consult-ed-ing-ation. pre ^BXion. wn^ed. 
 re un in. Digest, to concoct food ; to arrange. 
 
 Digest-ed-ible-ion-ive. mjble-ion. w;i^ed. 
 mis dis self. Esteem, to prize ; to set value on. 
 
 Esteem-ed-ing. self^. dis^.-ed. mis^. 
 mis self un. Govern, to direct and control by autTiority. 
 
 GoVern-ed-ing-or-ment. ^e//*^ed-ing-ment. mis.-^d, 
 un re in. Gather, to collect ; to bring together. 
 
 Gather-ed-ing. 2ViJng. re^.-ed. unje^d. 
 un self in. Glory, brightness ; luster ; splendor. 
 
 Glorify, to make glorious, or give glory to. 
 
 Glory-ous-ously. iw^ous-ously. sclfjdus. 
 
 Glori-Fy-fied-fying-fication. See Rule 11th. 
 un super in. Human, having the qualities of men. 
 
 Humane, kind ; compassionate ; tender. 
 
 Hmnan-ize-ity. iw^.-ity-ly. svpcr^. 
 un mis pre. Instruct, to teach ; to educate, or inform. 
 
 Tnstruct-ed-ion-or-ress-ive. preyed, mis^.-ed. ww^ed. 
 de anti im. Moral, relating to good conduct. 
 
 Moral-ly-ity-ist-ize. im ^.-iiy anti jst. de-ize. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 127 
 
 un in mis. Appropriate, to set apart ; suitable. 
 
 Appropri^te-ed-iiig-ion. niisjoii. i?i^. tinned. 
 in mis un. Calculate, to compute ; to reckon. 
 
 Calculate-ed-ing-ion-ble. un^ed. 
 ' Mis ^.-ed-ioR. m^ble-bly. See Rule 9th. 
 re in un. Deliberate, to ponder ; to consider. 
 
 Deliberate-ed-ion-ive-ly-ness. wn^ed. «njy. 
 un e. Radicate, to root, or plant. £'radicate, to uproot. 
 
 jEradicate-ed-ing-ion-ble. ww^ed-ble. 
 unpre pre. Meditate, to contemplate ; to muse. 
 
 Meditate-ed-ion-ing-ive. j^re^.-ed-ing-ion. unpre jed. 
 im. Moderate, to restrain from excess ; not violent. 
 
 Moderate-ed-ing-ly-ion-or. m^.-ly-ness-ion, 
 e un. Narrate, to tell ; to rehearse, or relate. 
 
 Narrate-ed-ing-ion-ive. Narro, to narrate. 
 circum un. Navigate, to sail on water in ships. 
 
 Navigate-or-ion-ble. wn^ed-ble. circumj^.-ion. 
 all im un. Penetrate, to pierce ; to enter. 
 
 Penetrate-ed-ion-ble. un^ed. 2w^ble-bly-bility. alljng 
 un im. Perforate., to bore, or pierce through. 
 
 Perforate^ed-ing-ion-ive-or. m^.-able. un^ed. 
 une ir e. Radiate, irradiate, or Irradiate, to issue in rays 
 of light. Radius, a ray, or spoke. 
 
 Radiate-ed-ing-ion. e^ate-ion. n\ate-ion. 
 un super over. Saturate, to supply, or fill to fullness. 
 
 Saturate-ed-ing-ion. overjitG. supcr^ion. un^ed. 
 in un. Stimulate, to excite to action. Stimulo^ to goad. 
 
 Stimulate-ed-iag-ive-or-ion. t/n,ed-ing. 
 unre. Vindicate, to defend ; to justify; to avenge. 
 
 Vindicate-ed-ing-ion. r^^.-ed-ing. wn^ed. 
 un. Stipulate, to mak-e an agreement ; to bargain. 
 
 Stipulate-ed-ing-or-ion. unjdd. 
 
128 ANALYSIS OF THB 
 
 SECTION XXXVI. 
 
 SPECIAL DIRECTIONS FOR COMBINING DERIVATIVES. 
 
 "When the prefixes are separated from the word, and from each other, 
 by a hyphen, each prefix, one bj one, is to combine with the word, aa 
 it takes its several suffixes, onward to the period following. If two or 
 more words follow each other, separated by a comma, the several pre- 
 fixes unite with each of those words. If the word is repeated after- 
 ward, with prefixes and suffixes, or either, unless otherwise shown by 
 the caret, it will combine as in the following — 
 
 EXAMPLES. 
 
 Component parts. 
 5*4321 6 
 
 1. be-in-over-un-Cloud-ed. Cloud-y-less. 
 
 Combined thus : 
 
 1. Cloud, Clouded. 4. Incloud, Inclouded. 
 
 2. Uncloud, Unclouded. 5. Becloud, Beclouded. 
 
 3. Overcloud, Overclouded. 6. Cloud, Cloudy, Cloudless. 
 
 Component parts. 
 6 5 4 3 2 1 
 
 2. im-irre-unre-re-uti-Movable, Movably. 
 
 Combined thus : 
 
 1. Movable, Movably. 4. Unremovable, Unremovably. 
 
 2. Unmovable, Unmovably. 5. Irremovably, Irremovably. 
 
 3. Removable, Removably. 6. Immovable, Immovably, 
 
 EXERCISE. 
 
 Cloud, to obscure by mist ; to darken ; to mnlce gloomy, 
 be-iu-over-un-Cloud-ed. Cloud-y-less-iness. 
 
 Date, to note, or fix the time of an event, or wruing. 
 ante-post-mis-re-Date-ed. Date-less, imjdd.. 
 
 Count, to number; to reckon ; to ascribe, or impute, 
 mis-over-re-Count-ed. Count-less, wn^ed. 
 
ENGLISH LAXGLAGE. 129 
 
 Close, to shut ; to make fast ; to linisli ; to unite. 
 
 dis-en-fore-in-re-un-CIose-ed. Close-ing. 
 Chord, a right line, being the arc of a circle ; a string of a 
 musical instrument ; to string. 
 
 deca-hexa-mono-poly-tetra-Chord. Chord-ed-ing 
 Centric, pertaining to the center ; in a central position. 
 
 Concentric, tending to the center, 
 
 con-ec-geo-helio-sub-Centric. Centric-ally. 
 Change, to alter in any manner ; to giA'e one thing for 
 another ; any variation, or alteration. 
 
 inter-re-reex-ex-Change-ed. all jug. vn^ed. 
 Charge, to load, as a gun ; to assault, or attack ; expense. 
 
 /Surcharge, to overload, or to overcharge. 
 
 dis-mis-over-sur-Charge-ed. uv^ed. 
 Knowledge, a clear perception of truth, or of any fact ; 
 acquaintance with ; learning. Aosco, to know. 
 
 Acknowledge, to admit to be true ; to own. 
 
 disac-ac-fore-self-KnoM^edge. nnac^ed. 
 Motion, a moving ; a change of local position. Motus. 
 
 Xocomotion, the act of moving from place to place. 
 
 Amotion, a moving of the mind ; excitement. 
 
 com-counter-e-loco-Motion. Motion-less. 
 
 im-irre-unre-re-un-iMovable, or Movnbly. [the world. 
 Mundane, belonging, or pertaining to the world. Mundi/s, 
 
 anle-infra-inter-super-supra- Mundane. [fected. 
 
 Natural, pertaining to nature ;■ produced by nature ; unaf- 
 
 CofijiRtuYul, connected by nature ; united in nature. 
 
 con-counter-preter-un-N atural. Natural-ly-ize. 
 Ruption, a breach ; a break, or bursting open. 
 
 inter-pro-ab-dis-c-Ruption. Rupture-ed. 
 Sy/lable, letters uttered at a single impulse of the voice, 
 
 dis-mono-octo-poiy-tri-SyilablQ . 
 
130 ANAL Y SIS OF THE 
 
 Dense, compact. Dense-ly-ity-nes:?^ 
 
 Cundense, to make more dense or compact. 
 
 re-Condense-ed-atiori. u/i^ed. v/z^able-ability. 
 Graft, to insert, or join on, as a cion, or shoot. 
 
 in-re-Graft ed-ing, y/;/^ed. r/ii.s\.-ed. 
 Grade, a degree ; a rank, or order ; to level a road. 
 
 de-retro-Grade-ation. ?m^ed. unde^ed. 
 Line, length without breadth, or thickness. 
 
 Z)<"lineate, to mark out, as with lines. 
 
 inter- Tjine-ation.* Dtlineate-ed-ing-ion. 
 Love, to be pleased with ; affection ; good will. 
 
 Love-ly-liness-ing. w/jjy-liness. he^ed. 
 Mount, to rise aloft ; to leap upon ; a mountain. 
 
 (S-'/rmount, to rise above. Z)/.smount, to get off. 
 
 dis-sur-Mount-ed-ing. i'n.s-wr^able. unsiirj&d. 
 Mode, method ; form ; manner of existing. 
 
 Modify, to alter ; to vary the form. 
 
 Mode-ify-ifying-ifier-ified-ification.t «« jfied. 
 Plot, to form a scheme of mischief; to contrive. 
 
 com-Plot-ted-ting4 counter-under-Plot. 
 Poise, to weigh, or balance ; a weight. 
 
 counter-equi-over-Poise. Poise-ed-ing. 
 Sure, certain ; firm, ^.vsure, to make certain. 
 
 Insure, to make sure, or secure. 
 
 reas-as-rein-in-Sure. unin^ed. unasked. 
 Taught, instructed in the arts, or sciences. 
 
 mis-self-un-Taught. Teach-able-ing-er. 
 Veil, to cover, or hide ; a covering. 
 
 over-Veil-ed-ing. t/??^ed. 
 Vital, necessary to life ; essential. Vital-ize-ity. 
 Vigilant, watchful. Vigil-Aut-antlv-ance. 
 
 £, final, is retaiued iu llneation. \ See Rule lltli- % Soe Rule 6tb. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 13* 
 
 Ambulate, to walk from place to place, kmhulo. 
 
 circum-noct-pre-per-Ambulate-ion. 
 Appoint, to fix, or settle ; to allot ; to ordain. 
 
 jD/iappoint, to defeat Avhat was expected. 
 
 dis-fore-re-Appoint-ment. ww^ed. 
 Account, to render an account of; to give reasons for. 
 
 Account-ed-ing-able-ableness-ably-ability-ant. 
 
 Z7w.,ed-able-ableness-ably-ability. 
 Generate, to propagate ; to cause to bring into life. 
 
 i?(?generate, to renew. Degenerate, to grow worse 
 
 de-re-Generate-ed-ion. unre^QA. U7ide^ed. 
 
 « 
 
 Minister, to afford supplies ; to perform service in office. 
 
 7lc?minister,*^to help, or give aid to. 
 
 mal-pre-ad-Ministration. unad^eA. 
 Mutable, subject to change. Muto^ to change. 
 
 Transmute, to change the nature or substance of. 
 
 CoTTimute, to exchange one thing for another. 
 
 com-im-trans-Mut-Able-ability. Mutable-ness. 
 Ordain, to appoint, or decree ; to establish. 
 
 fore-pre-re-Ordain, or Ordination. 77i;.?^ation. 
 Pendent, hanging, or jutting over. Pendeo, to hang. 
 
 Append, to hang to. Append-ed-ant-age. 
 
 /wpend, to hang over, /wpend-ing-ent-ency. 
 
 2)epend, to hang down from, for support. 
 
 Depend-ent-ently-ence-ency. ind c^ent-ently. 
 Cumbent, or Decumbent, lying down ; bending down. 
 
 i^^cumbei^t, reclining, or leaning back. 
 
 Procumbent, leaning forward ; 'prostrate ; trailing. 
 
 /ncumbent, leaning or lying on; a person in office. 
 
 de-pro-re-superin-in-Cumbent. in^\y. rejy. 
 Success, favorable, or prosperous ; result of any purpose. 
 
 Success-ful-fully-fulness-less. un/ul-fully. 
 
1 33 A N A L V S 1 S }• T H I 
 
 Angular, having an angle, or angles.* Anguhts. 
 
 mult-oct-tri-im- Angular. Angular-ly. 
 Enforce, to give force to ; to put in execution. 
 
 re-Enforce-ed-ing-ment. ?/??,ed. 
 Establish, to fix firmly ; to confirm ; to appoint. 
 
 pre-re-Establish-ed-ing-ment. comment. 
 Examine, to inspect carefully ; to scrutinize. 
 
 pre-re-Examine-ed-ing-ation. self ^ditioxi, w«^ed. 
 Locution, a discourse ; manner of speaking. 
 
 circum-inter-e-Locution. hoquor, to speak. 
 Probation, foretrial ; the act of proving. Proho. 
 
 -i4/>probation, expressing satisfaction ; commendation. 
 
 Probation-er-ary. dis-/l/>probation. • 
 Remember, to call back an idea to mind ; to attend to. 
 
 mis-Remcmber-ed. dis,. ?/«,ed. 
 
 A A 
 
 Respond, to answer to. Response, an answer. 
 
 Correspond, to agree with; to hold intercourse with. 
 
 cor-Respond-ed-ing-ent-ence-ency. 
 
 Response-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness-ive-ively. 
 Secure, free from danger; to make safe. 
 
 in-Secure-ly-ity. Secure-ed-ing. w«_^ed. 
 Structure, a building of any kind. Struo, to build. 
 
 Co7JStruct, to build, or fabricate ; to compose. 
 
 Co«struct-ed-ion-ive. sub-super-Structure. 
 Vision, sight ; something imagined. Videu^ to see. 
 
 re-super-Vision. Visible, that may be seen. 
 
 in-Vis-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness. 
 Vex, to irritate by little provocations ; to fret. 
 
 Vex-ed-er-inor-ation-atious-atiouslv. w/red. 
 Warn, to caution of approaching danger. 
 
 fore-Warn-ed-ing. un^ed. v/ijare^ed. 
 Waste, to squander. Waste-ful-fullv-fulne^s, 
 
ENGLISH LAXOUAOB. 133 
 
 SECTION XXXVII. 
 
 INSEPARABLE PREFIXES. 
 
 When a part of the word from whicli derivatives are to be formed, 
 is an inseparable prefix, and is cnt off by a comma, tlius, Ex,portation^ 
 that part preceding the comma, must be dropped before any other 
 prefix can bo added ; as in tlie following example : 
 
 e-de-pro. Rejected, First drop re, and 
 
 join pro, and it forms Projected. Now drop pro, and 
 
 join f/e, and it becomes Dejected. Then drop de, and 
 
 join e, and it forms Ejected. 
 
 Each prefix modifies tlie signification of the root so as to accord with 
 S^ peculiar import ; thus. 
 
 Rejected, implies thrown back, or cast ofT. 
 Projected, implies thrown, or cast forward. 
 Dejected, implies cast donm, or down cast. 
 Ejected, implies cast ojit, or thrown out. 
 
 Note.— The pupil may now read each of the following words with 
 its definition, then join the several prefixes, and define the word in 
 Buch connection. Tlie derivative formations by siiflaxes, may be omitted. 
 
 re de ex. Con,tract, to draw together. 
 
 pro re ex. Im,pel, to force, or urge on. 
 
 cent sept. Bi,ennial, once in two years, 
 
 de e con. In,voife, to roll in, or envelop, 
 
 dontro di. Con,vert, to turn with ; to change, 
 
 circum retro In,spection, a looking into, 
 
 abs con re. Sus,tain, to hold up ; to bear up. 
 
 trans con e. Di,gress, to go aside ; to depart from, 
 
 aristo theo. Demo, curacy, government by the people, 
 
 as discon con. Dis,sent, to disagree in opinion, 
 
 reex ex reim, Im,port, to bring in from abroad, as goods. 
 
 ex pre re. Pro,ceed, to go forward ; to advance. 
 
 12 
 
134 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XXXVIII. 
 
 PRIMITIVE WORDS HAVING AN INSEPARABLE PREFIX. 
 
 This page and the next six, may be frequently taken up as a suit- 
 able exercise to test the ability of pupils, in giving the appropriate 
 signification of the several foots, as differently modified by prefixes. 
 Let the pupil comTnenee the combinations with the prefix immediately 
 preceding the word, and take each one in retrograde order^ according 
 to the following — 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 
 Component parts. 
 987G54 3 2 1 
 
 at-con-de-clis-ex-pro're-sub-Abs,tract-ed-ing-ion. 
 
 Combined thus: * 
 
 1. Abs,tract, Abs,tracted, Abs,tracting, Abs,traction. 
 
 2. Siib,tract, Sub,tracted, Siib,tractiiig, Sub,traction. 
 
 3. Re.jtract, Re,tracted, Re,tractiilg, Re,traction. 
 
 4. PrOjtract, Pro,tracted, Pro,tracting, Pro,tractioii. 
 
 5. Ex-. 6. Dis-. 7. De-. 8. Con-. 9. At-. 
 
 EXERCISE. 
 
 Abs,tract, to drav^^ from ; to take from ; a summary. TrahOf 
 
 to draw, or take ; ahs, from. 
 
 Dis,tract, to draw apart, or to derange the mind. 
 
 at-con-de-dis-ex-pro-re-sub-Abs,tract-ed-ing-ion. 
 
 Adjduce, to lead or conduct to ; to bring forward ; to offer 
 
 or present. Duco, to lead or draw ; ad, to. 
 
 Con,duce, to lead or tend to some end of object 
 
 ab-con-de-pro-re-e-se-sub- ] . , . 
 
 . . y Adjduce, or Ad,duction. 
 
 mtro-ropro-superin-m- ) 
 
 de-in-recon-miscon-con-sub-Ab,duct-ed. 
 
 be-mis-re-par-over-under-Take-ing-. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 135 
 
 Afjfect, to-actiipon; to produce a change. Facto, to msike. 
 Efjfect, to accomplish. In, feet, to pollute, or poison. 
 De,fective, faulty ; imperfect ; blamable. 
 disin-in-imper-per-ef-disaf-Af,fect-ed-ion. , 
 
 unper-unef-unin-rein-misaf-unaf-Af,fected. 
 inef-unde-inde-De,fective. De,fective-ly-ness. 
 
 Bi,ennial, taking place once in two years. Annus, a year. 
 cent-dec-oct-per-tri-sex-Bi,ennial. Bi,emiial-ly. 
 
 Atjtain, to gain ; to arrive at. Teneo, to hold. 
 
 Per,tain, to belong. Ap,pertain, to belong to. 
 
 SuSjtain, to hold up. De,tain, to hold from. 
 
 Objtain, to acquire. Con,tain, to hold, as a vessel. 
 
 abs-apper-per-con-de-sus-ob-re-At,tain-ed-ing. 
 
 con-unre-re-unsus-sus-unob-ob-unat-At,tainable. 
 DijVert, to turn off from ; to turn aside ; to amuse. Verto, to 
 turn ; di, from, or aside from. 
 
 Con,vert, to turn with, or change. A,vert, to turn away. 
 
 Per,vert, to turn by, or from what is right. 
 ^ a-ad-con-contro-in-intro-per-re-sub-Di,vert-ed. 
 
 a-recon-con-in-per-retro-re-sub-trans-Di,version. 
 
 uncontro-unsub-una-unper-uncon-undi-Di,verted. 
 
 Af,firm, to assert positively. Con,firm, to ratify. 
 recon-con-reaf-misaf-Af,firm-ed-ation. 
 
 Migrate, to remove from one country or place to another. 
 e-com-re-im-inter-trans-Migrate-ion. 
 
 Throne, a royal seat.. En,throne, to put on a throne. 
 un-de-disen»reen-en-Throne-ed. De,throne-meiit. 
 
 Create, to produce something from nothing. 
 Re, create, to create anew ; to form anew. 
 Re,c''reate, to refresh after toil ; to amuse. 
 re-Create-ed-inff-ion. tinned. misAxe. 
 
136 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Ad,mit, to give leave to enters to allow; to grant. 
 
 Mitto, to send, or let go. Missus, sent. 
 
 Com,mit, to give in trust. E,mit, to send forth. 
 
 Per,mit, to allow. Inter,mit, to cease for a time. 
 
 Re,mit, to abate or lessen. Trans, mit, to send off to. 
 
 com-e-inter-o-per-re-manu- ) . , . , . , . . 
 
 > Ad,mit-ted, Ad, mission, 
 trans -re corn-read- j 
 
 Com,mand, to bid, or direct. Mando, to bid. 
 
 De,mand, to claim. Re,mand, to call back. 
 Counter,mand, to give a contrary order. 
 coimter-re-rede-de-Com,mand-ed-ing. Com,mand-er. 
 
 Diction, a speaking ; expressing ideas by words ; style, or 
 manner. Dico, to speak. 
 bene-contra-inter-male-pre-vale-Diction. 
 
 De,vious, going or departing from the right or common 
 way ; wandering. De, from ; via, the way. 
 
 Per,vioiis, passing through. Ob,vious, evident. 
 
 unob-ob-imper-per-pre-De,vious. Ob,vious-ly. 
 Ex,ist, to have actual existence. Sisto, to stand. 
 
 coex-preex-Ex,ist-ent-ence. nonex-selfex-Ex,istence. 
 
 Ejlect, to choose out of. Lectus, chosen ; <?, out of. 
 
 Seject, to choose from. Col,lect, to bring together. 
 
 recol-col-pree-ree-se-E,lect-ed-ing-ion. '^ 
 Pass, to go by ; to go from place to place. 
 
 Sur,pass, to go beyond. Com,pass, to go around. 
 
 com-over-sur-re-Pass-ed-ing. imjihle. 
 
 Portion, a part or share. Pro,portion, a just share. 
 
 Ap,portion, to assign a just share to. 
 
 reap-ap-dispro-overpro-mispro-pro-Portion. 
 Jacent, lying at length. Jaccns, lying. 
 
 ad-circum-inter-sub-Jucent. 
 
E N O L I S H L A N O U A G E. 137 
 
 In,spect, to look into. Specio, spectntn, to see. 
 Re,spect, to look back on with pleasure. 
 Circum,spect, to look around ; prudent. 
 Sus,pect, to mistrust ; a looking under. 
 circum-intro-retro-rein-superin-In,spect-ion. 
 in-pro-disre-re-uncircum-Circum,spect. 
 
 Lateral, pertaining to the side. Lotus, a side. 
 bi-col-eq'4-multi-tri-uni-Latcral. 
 
 Petalous, having petals ; flower leaves. 
 
 a-bi-mono-penta-poly-tetra-tri-Petalous. 
 
 Project, to cast forward ; to shoot forward ; to put out. 
 
 Jado, to throw or cast ; pro, forward. 
 
 ab-de-in-inter-ob-sub-e-re-Pro,ject-ion. 
 
 unde-unob-unre-unsub-une-unin-unpro-Pro,jected. 
 Atjtenuate, to make thin, or less viscid. 
 
 Ex,tenuate, to lessen, as the guilt of a crime. 
 
 ex-At,tenuate-ed-ing-ion. unat^ed. 
 Anti,p'odes, those whose feet are opposite to ours, on the 
 opposite side of the earth. Pons, a foot. 
 
 A,p''odes. Poly,pus. Tri,pod. Hexa,pod. Deca,pod. 
 
 Com,plicate, to fold together ; to be complex ; entangled. 
 Im,plicate, to infold, or involve, as in crime. 
 *^x,plicatc, to Mwfold, or to explain. Plica, to fold. 
 ex-im-tri-condu-redu-du-Com,plicate-ion. 
 
 Con,fluence, a flowing together ; the junction of rivers. 
 
 Fluo, to flow ; con, together. 
 
 Afjfluent, a flowing to, as in wealth ; abundant. 
 
 af-re-circum-Con.fluence, Con,fluent. 
 Dis,pel, to scatter by force. Pello, pulsum, to drive. 
 
 Com,pel, to force, or constrain ; to necessitate. 
 
 com-ex-pro-re-Di.s,pel, Dis,pulsion, Dis,pulsive. 
 
 12* 
 
138 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 De,spond, to be cast, down ; to fail in spirits. 
 
 DesponJ-ing-ingly-ent-ence-ency. [persons. 
 
 Dialogue, a conversation ; a piece spoken by two or more 
 Prorogue, a piece spoken before a' drama or play. 
 Epi-logue, a piece spoken after a drama or play. 
 Deca,logue, the ten commandments. 
 deca-epi-mono-pro-Dia,logue. Loquor, to speak. 
 
 Ex, elude, to shut out from. Claudo, to shut ; ex, out from. 
 
 Con, elude, to infer from ; to determine ; to finish. 
 
 Se, elude, to separate from. Pre, elude, to debar. 
 
 con-in-pre-se-Ex, elude. Ex, elusion, Ex, elusive. 
 Ex,tort, to wrest from by force. Torqueo, to twist; ca:, from 
 
 DiSjtort, to twist out of shape. Con,tort, to writhe. 
 
 con-dis-Ex,tort-ed-ion. unex^ed. undis^ed. 
 In, scribe, to write in, or on. Scribo, scriptufn, to write. 
 
 Pre,scribe, to direct. De,scribe, to represent. 
 
 As,cribe, to impute to. Trans,cribe, to copy out. 
 
 circum-de-pre-sub-a- ) . . 
 
 y In,scribe-ed, In,scription. 
 inter-super-tran. ) 
 
 post-tran-Manu, script. Nonde,script. 
 In,voke, to call upon ; to implore. Voco, to call. 
 Re,voke, to call back ; to reverse ; to annul. 
 Pro,voke, to call forth, as anger ; to offend. 
 Con,voke, to call together ; to summon to meet. 
 con-pro-re-In,voke-ed-ation. unpro^ed-ing. 
 
 As, sign, to sign over to ; to transfer to another. 
 
 Con,si gn, to give in charge to another. 
 
 re-recon-precon-As,sign-ed. As,sign-ment. 
 
 unas-misas-under-un-Con, signed. Con,sign-ment. 
 Con,vene, to come together. Vmio, to come. 
 
 contra-inter-super-Con,vene, Con,ventiou. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 139 
 
 De,cline, to lean downward ; tendency to decay; to refuse, 
 
 In,cline, to lean toward any object ; to be disposed. 
 
 Re,cline, to lean back; to lean sidewise. 
 
 disin-in-re-De,cline-ed-ing-ation. unde^ahle. 
 De,bark, to go from on board a ship or boat. 
 
 Em, bark, to go on board a ship or boat. 
 
 reeni-disem-em-De,bark-ed-ation. 
 Ex,hibit, to present to view. Habeo, to hold ; ex, out. 
 
 In,hibit, to hold in, or restrain ; to hinder. 
 
 PrOjhibit, to hold before, or prevent ; to forbid. 
 
 pro-in-Ex-hibit-ed-ing-ion. unex^ed 
 In,spire, to draw in the breath ; to infuse into the mind. 
 
 Spiro, to breathe ; in, in. 
 
 Ex,pire, to throw out the breath from the lungs ; to die. 
 
 Re, spire, to inhale air into the lungs ; to breathe. 
 
 ex-re-rein-In,spire-ed-ing-ation. unin^ed. 
 Per,spire, to sweat ; to emit fluids of the body through the 
 pores of the skin. From spiro and per. 
 
 Con,spire, to breathe together ; to unite in a plot. 
 
 As,pire, to aim at, or desire. Trans,pire, to happen. 
 
 a-tran-con-Per,spire-ed-ing-ation. unper^ahle. 
 
 Pre,vent, to come before ; to hinder. Veriio, to come. 
 In,vent, a coming into the mind ; to find out. 
 in-Pre,vent-ed-ing-ive-ion. ww^re^ed-able. 
 
 [m,port, to bring in from another country, as goods. 
 reex-ex-trans-Im,port-ed-ation. u/iex^ed. 
 
 ACjClaim, a shout of joy. Clamo, to cry out. 
 
 Ex, claim, to cry out. Pro, claim, to utter openly. 
 De,claim, to speak an oration. Dis, claim, to deny. 
 Re, claim, to call back, as from error. 
 de-dis-ex-pro-re-Ac,claim, Ac,clamation. unrej&d. 
 
140 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Ap,peal, to refer to the decision of another. 
 
 Re,peal, to revoke ; to annul, or abrogate. 
 
 re-Ap,peal-ed-er-ing-able. wnre^ed. iVre^able 
 AcjCident, falling to ; happening by chance. 
 
 In,cident, falling hi ; casual. Cado, to fall. 
 
 in-Ac,cident-al-ally. coin^. incoin^. 
 ASjCend, to go up. De,scend, to go down. Scando. 
 
 Conde,scend, to stoop to one of lower rank. 
 
 conde-de-rea- A ,scend-ed-ing. conde-rea- A,scension 
 AsjSume, to take upon one's self. Sumo, to take. 
 
 RcjSume, to take back. Pre,sume, to suppose. 
 
 pre-re-reas-As,sume-ed-ing, A s,sumption. 
 Con,spicuous, clearly seen. Specio, to see. 
 
 Per,spicuous, clear to the understanding. 
 
 imper-per-incon-Con,spicuous-ly. unc.on^. 
 
 Demo,c'racy, a government by the people. 
 Cratos, power ; demos, Ihe people. 
 auto-aristo-theo-Demo, curacy, Demo,cratic-al. 
 
 De,trude, to thrust down. Trudo, to thrust ; de, down 
 Pro,trude, to thrust forth, Ol),trude, to thrust on. 
 ex-in-ob-pro-De,trude-ed-ing, De,trusion. 
 
 In,here, to stick in ; to be fixed in. Haereo, to stick. 
 co-ad-In,here-ent-ence-ency. co-ad-In,hesion. 
 inco-co-inad-ad-In,hesive-ly. unad^. 
 
 Im,pulse, force impressed ; sudden effort. Vdlo, to drive. 
 Re,pulse, to drive back. Ap,pulse, to drive against. 
 ap-pro-re-retro-Im,pulsion, Im,pulsive. 
 
 Im, plicate, to blame. Sup,plicate, to implore. 
 
 Ex,plicate, to unfold. Com,plicate, to involve. 
 Plico, to fold ; to wind, or roll together. 
 com-du-ex-sup-Im,plicate-ed-ion. uncomjdHi, 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 141 
 
 SECTION XXXIX. 
 
 THE SAiME EXERCISE CONTINUED. 
 
 Charm, or Be, charm, to fascinate ; secret influence. 
 
 De, charm, to remove the charm. 
 
 counter-de-be-Charm-ed-ing. wn^ed-ing. 
 Compact, closely united ; an agreement. 
 
 Compact-ly-ness. in^.-ed. un^ed. 
 Criminate, to charge with crime. Crimen, crime. 
 
 Re,criininate, to charge back with crime. 
 
 re-Criminate-ed-ing-ion. un^ed. 
 Engage, to promise, or to bind one's self. 
 
 dis-pre-re-Engage-ed-ing-ment. un^ed. 
 
 Habitation, a residence ; place of abode. 
 
 COjhabit, to live together. In,habit, to dwell in, 
 
 Habit-Ation-able. Co,habit-ed-ing-ation. 
 
 In,habit-ed-ing-able-ant-ancy. rein^ed, uninjdd. 
 Monition, a warning. Mo7ieo, to warn. 
 
 pread-ad-pre-Monition, Monitory. 
 Opinion, judgment formed by the mind. 
 
 mis-pre-self-Opinion. Opinor, to think. 
 Possess, to have just title to hold, or occupy. 
 
 dis-pre-re-Possess-ed-ing-ion. ww^ed-ing. 
 
 Prison, a place in which to confine criminals. 
 Im, prison, to put in prison ; to confine. 
 re-Im,prison-ed-ing-ment. un^ed. nnim^ed. 
 
 Sphere, an orb, or globe ; circuit of motion. 
 
 semi-hemi-Sphere-ic-ical. in^.-ed. «n^.-ed. 
 
 Science, knowledge. Scio, to know. 
 Scientific, well versed in science. 
 pre-omni-Scicnce. un-Scientific-al-ally. 
 
142 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Venture, or x'Vd,venture, to risk, or hazard, 
 
 ad-Venture-ed-ing-some-ous-ously. unadjins. 
 
 AbjScind, to tear or rend off. Scindo, to tear. 
 ExjScind, and Inter,scind, to cut off. 
 ex-inter- Ab,scind-ed-ing. uriex^ed. 
 
 As,perse, to bespatter with false charges ; to slander. 
 Inter,sperse, to scatter among. Spargo, to scatter. 
 di-inter-A,sperse-ed-ing-ion. undi^ed. 
 
 ASjSociate, to unite in company ; a companion. 
 
 Con,sociate, to unite together. Dis,sociate, to part 
 con-dis-disas-As,sociate-ed-ion. unasked. 
 
 Bi,sect, to cut into two parts. Secto, to cut. 
 dis-inter-Bi,sect-ed-ing-ion. unbi^ed. 
 
 Con, cur, to agree ; to run together. Curro, to run. 
 Re, cur, to return, as thought to the mind. - 
 re-Con, cur-rent-rence-rency-ring. See Rule 6th 
 
 Con,vulse, to shake ; to agitate. Velio, to pull. 
 Con,vulse-ed-ive-ively-ion. uncon^ed. 
 
 Com,pose, to place together. Pono, to place. 
 
 Ex,pose, to lay open. De,pose, to put down. 
 
 de-ex-Com,pose-ed-er-ing-ition-itor. uticom^ed. 
 Dis,pose, to place, or to put in order ; to incline. 
 
 Im,pose, to place on. Op,pose, to stand against. 
 
 im-op-Dis,pose-ed-er-ing-ition. indis^ed. 
 
 Pro, pose, to place before ; to offer. Re,pose, to lie at resl 
 Sup, pose, to place under consideration ; to imagine. 
 re-sup-Pro,pose-ed-er-ing-al-ition. unproved. 
 
 Re,spect, esteem ; due attention, Spccio, to look. 
 
 Re,spect-ful-fully-ablc-ability-ably-less. disr ejui-fully. 
 Sur,vive, to outlive. Re,vive, to return to life. 
 
 re-&ur,vivB-ed-ing-al. VivOf to live. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 143 
 
 Act, to put forth power ; to demean, or behave ; any thing 
 done. Ago, actum, to do, or to set in motion. 
 
 En, act, to make, as laws. Trans, act, to do business. 
 
 counter-over-reen-en-trans- A ct-ed-ing-ion. 
 
 retro-sub- Action. Inact-ive-ively-iveness-ion. 
 Cede, to yield ; to give up. Cedo, to give place. 
 
 PrOjCeed, to move forward. Suc,ceed, to move after. 
 
 Con,cede, to admit. Inter, cede, to mediate. 
 
 Ac, cede, to agree to. Se,cede, to withdraw. 
 
 con-inter-re-ac-se-Cede-ed-ing, Cession. 
 
 Form, external shape ; to shape. Forma, form. 
 
 bi-equi-mal-multi-omni-uni-Form. 
 
 Con,form, to make like. Trans, form, to change. 
 
 re-trans-mal-mis-Con,form-ation. ufieonjihle. 
 Fix, to make stable ; to put in order. Fixnm, fixed. 
 
 Af,fix, to fix to. In, fix, to fix in. Trans, fix, to pierce. 
 
 af-in-post-pre-suf-trans-un-Fix-ed. Fix-edly-edness. 
 
 Join, to connect ; to combine. Jungo, to join. 
 
 mis-re-recon-con-read-ad-Join-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 
 con-ad-dis-inter-sub-Join, Junction, recon^.-ed. 
 Ef,ficient, causing effects. Suf,ficient, enough. 
 
 De,ficient, wanting. Pro,ficient, progressing. 
 
 de-ef-pro-insuf-selfsuf-Suf,ficient, Suf,ficiency. 
 Prove, to try any thing; to experience. Probo, to prove. 
 
 Ap,prove, to commend. Re,prove, to rebuke. 
 
 Im,prove, to make better. Dis,prove, to refute. 
 
 disap-ap-dis-im-re-Prove-ed-ing. misim^.-ed-raexiX. 
 
 uuap-unim-unre-un-Proved. Ap,prove-ingly. 
 
 Solve, to explain ; to loosen. Dis,solve, to melt. 
 Ab, solve, to free from. Re, solve, to determine. 
 ab-dis-re-Solve-ed, Solution. Solve, to loose. 
 
144 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Exjternal, outward ; exterior. In,ternal, inward ; interior. 
 E,ternal, endless ; immortal. e-i-n-Ex,ternal-ly. 
 
 Mix, to mingle together ; to blend. Miaceo, to mingle. 
 com-inter-Mix-ture. uninter-mi-Mixed. 
 
 In,gress, a going in. Trans,gress, to cross or break a law 
 Ag,gress, to go against first ; to attack, or assail. 
 ag-di-e-pro-re-trans-In,gress-ion. Gresaus, going. 
 
 In,volve, to roll in, or to envelop; to imply, or comprise; 
 to blend, or mingle. Volvo, to roll ; m, in. 
 con-circum-e-de-re-ln,volve, ln,yolution. disin^.-edt.. 
 
 Per,sist, to stand through, or to persevere. Sto, to stand. 
 Sub,sist, to stand under, or to support ; to live. 
 Re,sist, to stand against. As,sist, to stand to ; to aid. 
 8ub-Per,sist-ed-ence-ency. as-Re,sist-ed-ing-ant-ance. 
 
 Per,suade, to prevail on ; to influence by argument, or 
 entreaty. Suadeo, to persuade. 
 
 mis-over-Persuade, Persuasion, overbed, t/n^ed. 
 Per,spective, looking through. Specio, to see ; per, through. 
 
 pro-retro-Per,spective-ly. intrOj^Aon. 
 
 Super,vise, to oversee. Video, to see ; super, over. 
 
 Re,vise, to review ; to reexamine. 
 
 re-Super-vise-ed-ing-ion. unre^ed. 
 Soli,v''agant, wandering alone. Vagans, wandering. 
 
 extra-multi-nocti-Soli,v^agant. 
 
 Sym,pathy, pity ; fellow feeling ; compassion. 
 Pathos, feeling ; sr/m, for sun, with. 
 a-anti-mono-eu-Sym,pathy. Sym,pathy-ize-izing. 
 
 Sym, phony, harmony of sounds agreeable to the ear. 
 
 eu-Sym,phony-ous-ously. See Rule 3d, 
 Turn, to change the course ; to move round. 
 
 re-Turn-eid-ing. irre-able. unr^^ed. 
 
^, 
 
 BNGLISH LANGUAGE. 145 
 
 \n,noimce, to publish ; to proclaim ; to give notice. 
 
 Pro.nounce, to utter words. De,nounce, to threaten. 
 de-pro-An,nounce-ed. de-pro-x\njnunciation. 
 
 Bene,v'olent, kind ; wishing well. Fo/o, to will. 
 male-Bene,v'ol-Ent-ently-ence. t/zi^.-ly. 
 
 Com,placent, civil ; softness of manners. 
 
 Com,piac-Ent-entiy-ency. Dis,placency, is incivility. 
 
 ' De,plore, to lament. Im,plore, to entreat. 
 
 im-De,plor&-ed-ing-ingly. pe,plore-able-ably. 
 
 DiSjtill, to ^11 in drops ; to extract by heat. 
 Dis,tiii-ed-ing-ery-ation. Ex,till-ed-ation. 
 
 Ex,plode, to burst forth with violence and noise ; to reject 
 Dis,piode, to burst asunder with force. 
 dis-Ex,plode-ed-ing. dis-Ex,plos-ion-ive. unexfi^. 
 
 Ex,pound, to explain. Pro,pound, to propose. 
 
 pro-Ex,pound-ed-er-ing. wnea.\ed. un^ro^^^, 
 En,velop, to inwrap ; to cover. De.velop, to uncover. 
 
 de-En,velop-ed-ing-ment. undefid,, 
 
 Efjface, to blot out, or to impair an impression. 
 De,face, to mar the face, or surface. 
 de-Ef,face-ed-ing-ment. M/j^ed. unde^eA. 
 
 Judge, to examine and decide. /wJea?, a judge. 
 ad-mis-fore-pre-Judge-ed-ing-ment. unad^^d.. 
 
 Pre,varicate, to quibble ; to evade, or pervert. 
 
 DijVaricate, to part into two branches ; to open. 
 
 di-Pre,varicate-ed-ing-ion. Pre,varicate-or. 
 R©,n^ovate, to renew. In,novate, to make change*. 
 
 in-Il©^''ovate-ed-ing-ion-or, Novus^ new. 
 
 4c, cord J to agree to. Con, cord, fio agree with. 
 con-dis-AUjCord-ant-ance. Cvr,^^ keaiiu 
 
 )8 
 
146 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Ar,rogate, to claim to one's self. Rogo, to ask ; ar, t&, 
 De,r^ogate, to take from. Ab,rog^ate, to repeal, 
 ab-de- Ar,rogate-ed-ing-ioii . De,rogatory-ly. 
 
 Con,fess, to acknowledge. Pro,fess, to avow openly. 
 
 pro-Con,fess-ed-ing-ion. Dispro,fess, to renounce. 
 De,tect, to micover, or find out. Pro,tect, to defend. 
 
 pro-De,tect-ed-or-ion. U7jde^ed. Jinpro^ed. 
 
 Dif,fident, wanting confidence ; bashful ; reserved. 
 Con,iident, having full belief; positive ; bold. 
 con-Dif,fid-Ent-ently-ence. over-Confident.;; 
 
 Im,pugn, to contradict ; to blame. Op,pugn, to oppose. 
 ,op-Im,pugn-ed-er-ing. Im,pugn-er. unim^ed. 
 
 In,flict, to lay on, as a punishment. Fllgo, to beat. 
 
 Af,flict, to put to pain. Con,flict, a collision ; a combat 
 af-In,ilict-ed-ing-ion-ive. unaf^ed. 
 
 In,sert, to set in among. Stro, to sow, or plant. 
 inter-rein-In,sert-ed-ing-ion. unin^ed. 
 
 In,tricate, entangled ; involved ; perplexed. 
 Ex,tricate, to disentangle ; to freo from. 
 In,tricate-ly-cy.* Ex,tricate-ed-ing-ble-ion. 
 
 Pre, side, to be set over. Re, side, to abide, or dwell, 
 re- Pre,side-ed-ing-ent-ency. Nonre,s'ident, 
 
 Re,strict, to confine within bounds ; to limit. 
 
 Con, strict, to bind together. Stringo, to bind. 
 
 con-Re, strict-ed-ion. unrejed. 
 Sub,scquent, following in time or order. Sequor, to follow 
 
 Con,sequent, following as a natural effect ; an effect. 
 
 con-Sub,sequ-Ent-ently-ence. Con,sequent-ial-ially. 
 Sur,plus, an excess of any thing. Ov"er,plus, what remains. 
 
 ^■M ■ I I », — . I . ,1 ,^| ■ - I. ■■■ — - .... — ■_ ■■_■ ,. , . - — _ - . .11 ■ I W 
 
 * Sefie Rule gth. 
 
 \ 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGB. 147 
 
 SECTION XL. 
 
 PRIMITIVES HAVING AN INSEPARABLE PREFIX CONTINUED. 
 
 Ally, to unite by treaty ; to form a union. 
 
 mis-Ally-ed-ing-ance. wn^ed. See Rule 3d. 
 
 Caution, to warn ; to give notice of danger ; care. 
 
 pre-Cau-Tion-tioned-tionary-tious-tiously. 
 
 tn^tious-tiously. wnjious. ouer^tious. 
 Con,stant, fixed ; steady. Sto^ to stand ; con^ with. 
 
 Circum,stances, condition ; state of things. 
 De,test, to abhor. Pro,test, to declare against. 
 
 pro-De,test-ed-ing-ation. unJe^ed. uniirojt^. 
 Distinct, different ; separate in place. 
 
 in-Distinct-ly-ness-ion. contra^on, 
 Ex,trinsic, external, In,trinsic, internal. injuMy. 
 Honor, to revere, or esteem ; dignity ; exalted rank. 
 
 dis-Honor-ed-able-ably. wn^ed. midiSj^ed. 
 
 Noble, great ; exalted ; generous. Nobilis, noble. 
 En,noble, to make noble ; to make illustrious. 
 disen-en-ig-Noble. Noble-y-ness. ending. , 
 
 Office, a charge ; a particular duty, or business. 
 
 Officious, intermeddling with ; forward in kindr ess. 
 
 Officiate, to perform the official duties of an office. 
 
 Office-er-ial-ially-iate-ious-iously. wn^ially-ous-ously. 
 Organ, that through which something is done. 
 
 Organize, to adapt parts to each other ; to systemize. 
 
 Dis,organize, to derange the parts ; to make confusion. 
 
 dis-re-Organize-ed-er-ing-ation. wn^ed. 
 Promise, to pledge one's self ; a pledge ; assurance. 
 
 Com,promise, a mutual promise, or contract of two 
 
 Prcmis'c-etl-ing-or-e^. combed, vneom^ed. [parties. 
 
148 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Al,lude, to refer to. Col,lude, to conspire in a fraud. 
 De,lude, to deceive. E,lude, to evade. Il,lude, to mock. 
 col-de-e-il-Ai,lude-ed-ing. col-de-e-il-Al,lus-ion-ive. 
 
 Ex,tend, to stretch in any direction ; to expand ; to spread. 
 
 Ex,tend-ed-ing. Ex,tensive-sively-siveness-tion. 
 
 Disjtend, to dilate, or spread. Dis,tend-ed-ing. 
 
 At,tend, to direct the mind to. At,tend"-ed-ant-ance. 
 
 Con,tend, to strive against. Con,tend-ed-er-ing. 
 De,fer, to put off; to yield in opinion. Fero^ to bear. 
 
 De,fer-red-rer-ring-ence.* See Rule 6th. 
 Re,fer, to appeal to. Re,fer-red-ring-able-ence. 
 
 In,fer, to draw from. Con,fer, to consult. 
 
 con-in-Re,fer-red-ring-ence. iinrcjedi. 7ni.sin^. 
 Difjfer, to disagree. Dif,fer-ed-ing-ent-ence-ential. 
 
 Of,fcr, to bring before. Of,fer-ed-ing. nnof^ed. 
 
 Prof,fer, to offer for acceptance. Prof,fer-ed-ing. 
 
 Suf,fer, to undergo, as pain. Suf,fer-ed-er-ance-able 
 Pre,fer, to regard fi'sf, as more worthy, or better. 
 
 Pre,fer-red-ring-ence-ment-able-ably. 
 Ap,prehend, to take, or seize ; to understand ; to fear. 
 
 Ap,prehen-Ded-sive-sively-siveness-sion-sible. 
 Com.prehend, to contain ; to include ; to understand. 
 
 Com,prehen-Ded-sive-sively-siveness-sion-sible. 
 Ex,terminate, to put an end to ; to destroy. 
 
 Ex,terminate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory. U7i^ed. 
 
 Ponder, to muse, or weigh in the mind. Pondus. [weigh 
 Ponderous, weighty ; heavy. Pre,ponderate, to out- 
 Ponder-ed-er-ing-ous-ously-ance. />re^ated-ating-ance. 
 
 * Solid, hard ; firm ; sound. Con,solidate, to make solid. 
 V . Solid-ness-ity-ify. r<m^ate-ated-ation. nnron^ed, 
 
 > 
 
 \ • When tli« plwoB ai acdwit ohaag«Be» tiw ooaicmant is not doubkd. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAOB. 149 
 
 Ap,preciate, to set value on. De,preciate, to lessen value. 
 
 de-Ap,preciate-ed-ing-ion. unapjcA. unch^ed. 
 AntijC^ipate, to take before ; to forestall. Capio, to take. 
 
 Parti,c^ipate, to share in common with others. 
 
 parti-x\nti,c'ipate-ed-ing-ion. iniantl^ed. v/ipr/rtijug. 
 Apo,gee, that point of a planet's orbit farthest from the 
 earth. Peri, gee, that point nearest the earth. 
 
 De,p^recate, to regret ; to pray against. Precor, to pray. > 
 
 Im,precate, to pray for evil on ; to iavoke evil. 
 
 im-De,p^recate-ed-ing-ion. de^ox-ory. undc^ed. 
 De,mise, to convey by lease, or will. M/tf.o, to send. 
 
 Re,mise, to give back by deed ; to release, redc^.-ed, 
 De,s^ultory, leaping, or passing from topic to topic. 
 
 Re, suit, to leap back ; to ensue. 'Salio, to leap. 
 
 Re,sult-ed-ing. De,s^ultory-ly-ness-ous. 
 
 E,vince, to prove in a clear manner ; to make evident. 
 Con,vince, to satisfy the mind by evidence. 
 Con,vict, to prove guilty. Vinco, to overcome. 
 con-E,vince-ed-ible. Con,vict-ed-ing-ion. unconj&d. 
 
 Epijdemic, a general disease on the people. cpijiX. 
 En,demic, a disease in certain places. eii^-aX. 
 
 Ex,ecrate, to curse, or to denounce evil against. 
 
 De,s^ecrate, to divert from a sacred purpose. 
 
 Con,secrate, to devote to a sacred purpose. Sacer, holy. 
 
 de,s^-con,s -Ex,ecrate-ed-ing-ion. i/ncon^ed. 
 Pro.lific, producing ; productive. Omni, Pic, producing all 
 
 Pro,lific-al-ally-ation-ness. unpro^. [things. 
 
 Re,p^rehend, to chide ; to reprove, or blame. 
 
 Re,p reheud-ed. Re,p'rehen-sive-sk)n. mr^sible. 
 
 SuCjCinct, brief; compressed. Cingo, to gird. 
 
 Pre,cinct, the limit, or bounds. Suc,cinct-ly-ness. 
 
 13* 
 
150 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 AcjCuse, to blame, or to charge with an offense. 
 
 Ac,cuse-ed-er-ing-ation-atory, tmac^ed. 
 
 ExjCuse, to free from blame. Ex,cuse-ed-ing-able. 
 A,vail, to effect the object. Valeo, to be strong. 
 
 A,vail-ed-ing-able-ably-ability. una^ing. 
 
 Pre,vail, to overcome. Pre,vail-ed-mg-mgly, unprej.ng. 
 ASjSent, to agree to ; consent. Scntio, to think. 
 
 DiSjSent, to disagree in opinion ; difference of opinion. 
 
 As,sent-ed-ing. Dis,sent-ed-ing-er. 
 At,test, to bear witness to. Testis, a witness. 
 
 At,test-ed-ing-or-ation. wiat^ed. 
 
 Con,test, to strive with. Con,test-ed-ing-able. 
 Com,plex, difficult ; composed of two or more parts. 
 
 Com,plex-ity-ly-ness. incom^. Plexus, twisted. 
 
 Per,plex, to puzzle ; to confuse. Per,plex-ed-ing-ity. 
 
 Com,plete, to finish, or finished. Pleo, to fill. 
 
 Re,plete, full, or filled. Re,plete-ion-ive. 
 De,plete, to empty. De,plete-ed-ing-ion-ory. 
 De,flect, to turn from a right line. Flecto, to bend. 
 De,flect-ed-ing-ion. Re,flect-ed-ion-ive-ively. 
 In, fleet, to bend in. In,flect-ed-ion-ive. 
 
 Ac,quire, to obtain, or to gain. Qucero, to seek. 
 Ac,quire-ed-ing-ment. unacjddi. Ac,quisition. 
 Re,quire, to ask for ; to exact. Re,quire-ed-ment. 
 In,quire, to ask about. In,quire-ed-ing-ingly. 
 
 In,fuse, to pour in; to instill, as principles. 
 
 In,fuse-ed-ing-ion-ible-ibility. rein^. uninjed. 
 Con,fuse, to mix or blend things. Con,fuse-ed-ion, 
 Pro, fuse, lavish. Pro,fuse-ly-ness-ion. 
 
 Dif,fusc, to pour out and spread. Dif,fuse-ion-ive, 
 "^ Af,fusion, a pouring on. Ef,fusion, a pouring out. 
 
> OrnithoJ'ogy-ist-ical. 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 151 
 
 Astro,rogy, the science which teaches to judge of the in- 
 fluence of the stars, and foretell future events. Lonos* 
 a word or discourse ; and aster, a star, or astron, a con- 
 stellation of stars. Hence^the commori ^finer is, The 
 science of, or the discoursing of; which must be joined 
 to the import of each prefix, as before instructed. 
 chrona-cosmo-geo-Astro,rogy-ist-ical. 
 zoo-entomo-mytho-pyro-hydro- 
 osteo-physio-chiro-theo- 
 
 Bio,g'raphy, the history of the life and character of any 
 
 particular person. Gropho, to write ; to describe, or to 
 
 engrave ; and hio, for bios, life. Hence, the common 
 
 de finer is, The writing of or describing. 
 
 biblio-chrono-cosmo-geo- ) . 
 
 - - , > Bio,g''raphy-er-ic-icaI. 
 
 hydro-choro-topo-zoo- ) 
 
 Chrono,m^eter, an instrument that measures time, as a clock 
 or watch, il/e/rww, a measure ; and cArowo, time. Hence, 
 the common definer is, An iiistrument for measuring. 
 hydro-helio-pyro-stereo-thermo-Chrono,m^eter. 
 
 Homijcide, the slaying or killing of one man by another. 
 
 Cccdo, to slay, or kill ; and homo, a man. Hence, each 
 
 prefix denotes what is slain. 
 
 dei-fratri-infanti-matri-parri- ) ^_ ... 
 
 . , > HomijCide. 
 
 sorori-sui-tyranni-regi-t ) 
 
 Steno,g'raphy, the art of writing in short-hand, by the use 
 of characters, &e. 
 chiro-ortho-typo-Steno,g''raphy-er-ic. 
 
 * Tlie pupil should learn the meaning of the roots, Logos, Grapho, 
 Metrum, and Gaido. 
 
 j- Dei, implies a god ; Fratri, a brother ; Infanti, an infant ; Matri, a 
 mother; Parri, a parent; Sorori, a sister; Sui, one's self; Tjranni, a 
 tyrant; Regi, a king. 
 
152 ANALYiSH OF CHEMICAL TERMS. 
 
 SECTION XLI. 
 
 CHEMICAL IMPORT OF CERTAIN SUFFIXES AND PREFIXES. 
 
 OXTGEN — is a permanently elastic invisible fluid, capable of producing 
 acidity, or sourness, such as in vinegar. 
 
 BASE — in cbemistry, denotes any substance with which oxygen cora- 
 'bines to form an acid; or with which an acid combines to form a 
 salt 
 
 oxYD- — is a compound of oxygen with some base destitute of aeid.^ 
 
 ALKALI — is a substance having an acrid taste ; as, soda and potash. 
 
 A SALT — is an earth, alkali, or metallic oxyd, combined with an acid. 
 
 10 — suffixed to the name of an acid, denotes it to contain a greater por- 
 tion of oxygen, than when it is suffixed by ous; as, nitric acid, or 
 nitrows ; sulphuric, or sulphurows. 
 
 HYPO — denotes an acid containing a definite portion of oxygen below 
 what ic or ous denotes ; as, A^/pasulphur ic, or hT/posnlphnroiis. 
 
 m and ate — denote whether it is an acid in ic or ous, which forms th« 
 salt. If the salt is mtrite, the acid is nitric; but if the salt ia 
 nitrate, the acid is mtro^cs. 
 
 jUiT — denotes a compound of which only one of the two ingredients is 
 capable of being made acid, but was 'not so made when com- 
 pounded with the other ; as, carburf^ of iron. 
 
 BETTED — denotes a compound, both of whose ingredients are capable of 
 being made acid, but were not so made when compounded ; as, 
 c&rbnretted hydrogen gas. 
 
 BUB — as a prefix, denotes less of the acid, or an excess of the base over 
 the acid ; as, subcarhonate of soda. 
 
 SUPER — denotes an excess of the acid, over the base ; as, supercarhoTiate 
 of soda. 
 
 BT— denotes two parts of acid to one part of the base; ^'^ bioarhonate 
 of soda, hyper and super, denote an excess of the oxygen over 
 the base with which it is united ; as, hyperoxjdi, or supcroxjd. 
 
 PRO— denotes one portion ; dcu, two portions ; tri, three poi"u:->ns ; and 
 per, four portions of oxygen combined with some base, desti* uto of 
 •oid ; as, j>rotoxyd, rfctitoxyd, f ritoxyd, and joeroxyd of manganese 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 No. I. 
 
 0E]nt:ral and special rules for proxouxcinq tiie 
 
 english language. 
 
 The following Rules are deduced from the composition of the words themselves, 
 and in most cases, furnish an infallible guide, hy which to determine on what 
 syllable the main accent should fall. This point being settled, the places of the semi- 
 accents can not be mistaken. 
 
 The pupil must remember, that penult means the last syllable but one in a word; 
 *nd antepenult the last but two. 
 
 It is believed, that a careful observance of these rales, will not only contribute to 
 uniformity in pronunciation, but aid in settling the disputed accent of many words. 
 
 I. General Rule. Words of hvo syllables, the Jirst of wliich is a 
 
 separable, or inseparable prefix,* commonly take the accent on the 
 
 second ; as, de-base', pro-claim' ; but if the Jirst syllable partakes o* 
 
 the root, the accent generally falls on the first ; as ur'-gent, tal'-ent. 
 
 Note. — This rule has an cxtonsive application, and the main exceptions are 
 found in those words which may be used either as nouns or verbs. When used aa 
 nouns, the accent, in most cases, rests on the first syllable ; as, an ex'-tract, hia 
 con'-duct ; but when used as verbs, tlie accent commonly falls on the second ; as, 
 to ex-tract', to con-duct'. 
 
 Rule 1st. All words of one syllable, becoming words of two sylla- 
 bles, by adding the following single suffixes, as seen italicised in the 
 examples, invariably retain the accent on the first syllable, viz. : 
 
 SkTi'-ist 
 
 hoj'-hood 
 
 clear'-ance 
 
 class'-ic 
 
 dnke'-doin 
 
 drunk'-arc? 
 
 dark'-^Ti 
 
 beast'-Zt/ 
 
 fear'-fiol 
 form'-al 
 fool' -ish 
 frail '-/y 
 iarm'-er 
 flux'-ion 
 good'-ness 
 hove'-less 
 
 just'-ice 
 
 \earn'-cd 
 
 muss'-ive 
 
 -peer'-age 
 
 pomp'-oM« 
 
 "pave'-ment 
 
 press'-wre 
 
 •per.n'-atc 
 
 Bevv'-ant 
 8ol\'-ent 
 trn'-ism 
 town'-sh ip 
 ■ tire'-«07n<J 
 team'-ster 
 'Wedk'-inff 
 
 * For the definitions of a separabla, and inseparable prefix, and the r90t of a word, 
 see the 7th and 9th pages. 
 
134 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Kule 2cl. All words of one syllable, becoming -words of three or 
 four syllables, bv the addition of the foljowiriij combined suffixe!?, as 
 italicized, always retain the primary accent on the first syllable, viz.: 
 
 tici'-ivcly 
 
 &ct'-v,ate 
 
 act'-iveness 
 
 hrnt'-alize 
 
 cuvQ'-lessly 
 
 clown'-ishly 
 
 chWd' -ishness 
 
 charm' -incfness 
 
 cliiss'-ically 
 
 faith' -fubicis 
 iaW-fiable 
 fawn'-ingly 
 fix'-edness 
 (axiM' -ily 
 fai'-alism 
 form' -alist 
 fruit'-^r_y 
 hard' -ened 
 
 learn'-edly 
 
 lo\e'4iness 
 
 \oath' -somcne.fs 
 
 lone'-somely 
 
 lax'-ative 
 
 'paj'-able 
 
 \)Qa(ie'-ably 
 
 jyomp'-ously 
 
 change' -ablenesf; ioy'-fully 
 
 shaine'-lessness 
 
 Bha(:^g' -edness 
 
 sc&r'-ifymg 
 
 sweet'-ening 
 
 sens' •itively 
 
 san'-ative7ies$ 
 
 sens'-ibly 
 
 tend'-ency 
 
 Yevh'-ally 
 
 dust' -iness 
 
 pomp -ousness 
 
 Rule 3d. All words of three or more syllables, ending in ability, 
 ibility, ical, ity, or dy, have the 2)ri7nary accent, invariably on the 
 antepenult ; as, sens-i-bil'-i-ty, e-co-noui'-ic-al, cu-ri-os'-i-ty. 
 
 Note. — When two vowels come toerethcr in wdrds fnding in iiy. the one und^r 
 accent is always Ions ; as in De'-:-ty. If orie con'otianf intfrvenf. all are short except 
 u; as in lev'-i-t}'. If two consonants intervem-, u is short ; as in curv'-i-ry. 
 
 Rule 4th. All that numerous class of words consisting of no more 
 than three syllables, the last letter of which is ?/, not preceded by a 
 vowel, as in attorney, nor mute e before ly, as in profusely, are very 
 imiformly accented on the first syllable; as, fel'-o-ny, ar'-te-ry. 
 
 Rule 5th. All words ending in tion, sion, ion, cious, tioux, date, 
 tiafe, cient, tient, tial, tin, cian, eial, cia, ceous, geous, gious, and geon, 
 when })ronounced in one syllable, invariably take the primary accent 
 on the syllable preceding those terminations ; as, con-fed-er-a'-tion. 
 Nothing but ity aftei* al, in words ending in ion, ever removes the 
 accent ; as, na'-tion, na'-tion-al, na-tion-al'-i-ty. 
 
 Note. — When the above terminations are preced^vl by n rovve], it is very uni 
 formly long ; as in lo-(jua'-ciou8, unless it be i, which is as uniformly short ; as in 
 am-bi'-tion. 
 
 Rule fith ■ — All words of three or more syllables, having the following 
 terminations, or roots, viz. : crnry, ga)tiy, graphy, logy, machy, nietry, 
 noiinj, phony, ptifliiu tomy, thropy, lysis, ferozis, gerous, vorous, always 
 tak« the aceeut ou Uie uutupduult ; m, 
 
4P?ENBIX. 155 
 
 a-naf'-o-nty ge-og'-ra-pk^/ ihc-ol'-o-gy Av-mig'-gr-out 
 
 KYi-tip'-a-thy de-moc'-ra-cy po-ly5''-a-?«y pes-tiy-er-ou* 
 
 tiB-tTon'-o-my gQ-om' re-try Y>\\\-\?in'-ihro-py aai'-niv'-or-otit 
 
 ei-na.l'-y-sis the-om'-a-chy Bjm'-pho-ny 
 
 Note. — No change in the above terminatioiis, as astroiKimy into Ji*tronoraer, 
 &.C., nor any addition of pretixes or suffixei, except cia7i, ial, and ic, ever changei 
 tlie place of accent. 
 
 Rule 7th. All -words ending in i<:s, politics excepted, are accented 
 ©n the penult; as, op'tics, me-chan'-ies. 
 
 Rule'^th, "Words ending in ic, when a s^fjix, and with few excep- 
 tions when otherwise, are accented on the penult; as, dra-mat'-ic, 
 *l-pha-bet'-ic. 
 
 Note. — The auffix ic, when added to words of more than one syllable, alwayi 
 changes the place of accent ; as in meth'-od, me-thod'-ic ; except in six cases ; as in 
 chol'-er-ic. 
 
 Rule 9th. All words of two syllables, ending in If, including no 
 other vowel in the same syllable, are always accented on the first ; as, 
 cir'-cle ; but if the word consist of more than two syllables, the accent, 
 with few exceptions, falls on the antepenult ; as, re-cep'-ta-cle. 
 
 Note. — The suffixp.s, able and ible, never fall under* thia rule, except the word 
 a'-ble. Words of two syllables frequently add r, as in cob'-bler ; but never change 
 the accent. 
 
 Rule 10th. "Words of three or more syllables, ending in ate, with a 
 single consonant between the vowel of the penult syllable and ate, 
 including cr and tr, or with no consonant intervening, take the accent 
 on the antepenult ; as, fab'-ri-cate, re-tal'-i-ate, con -se-crate ; but if 
 two consonants, other than cr and tr intervene, the accent is on th« 
 penult; as, in-car'-nate. 
 
 Note. — The exceptions are, mag'-is-trate, leg'-is-latc, po'-teut-ate, per'-e-grin-ate, 
 and a few words always known by the doubling of I. 
 
 Remark. — This is evidence that contemplate, compensate, and such words of dis- 
 puted accent, should coine under the rule of dovhle consonants. Words in ate oft<*n 
 (irop e, and take ion, adding a syllable, and changing the accent ; as, cm'-u-late, 
 em-u-la'-tion. See Rule 5. 
 
 Rule 11th. "Words in meni, of three or more syllables, ending the 
 penult in ize, ish, or a vowel, take the accent on the antepenult; aa, 
 ban'-ish-ment ; but if the penult «nd with a consoiiant, mutd e, or a 
 
136 APPENDIX. 
 
 diphthong, the accent rests on the penult ; as, de-part '-ment, coa- 
 fine'-ment, en-joy'-uient. 
 
 Note. — Tho exceptions are but fsw, and easily diptingfiiished. Al, ary, and ativey 
 always change the accent to ment ; as, al'-i-racut, al-i-racnt'-ary. 
 
 Riole 12th. All words of three syllables in able, ible, ably, ihly, and 
 all words o^ four syllables, in ablencss, Ibleness, are accented on the 
 Jirsi ; as, mov'-a-ble, blam'-a-ble-ness. 
 
 Rule 13th. All words in the, preceded by a single consonant, by 
 mp, or nc, and all words in ive, preceded by> or c, except substantive 
 and adjective, are accented on the penult ; as, il-lu'-sive, re-ten'-tive, 
 com-pre-heu'-sive. 
 
 Rule 14th. All words of three syllables in ary and cry, except 
 cft-na'-ry and va-ga'-ry, are accented on the first; as, sal'-ft-ry, 
 mem'-o-ry. 
 
 NoTK. — Canary and vagary ought not to bs exceptions. 
 
 Rule 15th. All words in ary and ory, preceded by s, or in which 
 tary and tory are preceded byjs or c, are accented on the antepenult; 
 as, per-sua'-so-ry, j)er-eTT)p'-to-ry. The only exceptions to this rule 
 are ad'-ver-sa-ry, and five others, doubling a ; as, prom'-is-so-ry. All' 
 other words of four syllables only, in this class, are accented on the 
 first ; as, mon'-i-to-ry. 
 
 II. General Rule. Two methods for finding the accented syllable 
 
 in all words of more than three syllables, in ive or able ; and of more 
 
 than four in ary and ory. 1st. The accent, very imiformly, rests on 
 
 the first syllable of the root ; as, co^? -furm'-able. If a single letter of 
 
 the root unites with a prefix, or tliat letter is doubled for euphony, it 
 
 usually carries the accent with it ; as, pr(?d'-i-ca-ble. 2d. When the 
 
 words of these terminations are accurately divided into their proper 
 
 syllables, according to the established rules of syllabication, tlie accent^ 
 
 with very few exceptions, falls on the first syllable ending with a corv 
 
 sonant, and preceding those terminations ; as, co-tom'-po-ra-ry. 
 
 Note. — Nearly all ■the exceptions to this secouil nn tluxl, are words in which the 
 antepenult syllable ends in on, or, it, er, or ni'tru ; as, par'-don-a-ble, hab'-it-a-ble, 
 con-fed' -er-a-tive, &c. 
 
 Rule 16th. All words of more tha!i two syllables in fy, invariably 
 take the accent on the antepenult; at^, g'o'-ri-fy, per-son'-i-fy. 
 
APPENDIX. 157 
 
 Rule 17th. "Words of three or more syllables in oms, having a singh 
 consonant between the vowel of tlie penult syllable and ous, or with 
 no consonant intervening, are accented on the antepenult ; as, par-si- 
 mo'-ni-ous ; but if two consonants intervene, the accent is on the penult; 
 as, tre-men'-doiis. 
 
 Note. — The exceptions do not exceed twelTs words ; two of which, ca-no'-roua 
 and so-no'-rou9, ought not to be included. 
 
 Rule 18th. As, es, is, or os, preceding ent, or ence, as the last sylla- 
 ble, are always under accent ; as, con-va-les'-cent. 
 
 Rule 19th, Words of three or more syllables in ant, ent, ance, and 
 ence, when a single consonant comes between the vowel of the penult 
 syllable and the vowel in the final syllable, or when no consonant in- 
 tervenes, are accented on the antepenult ; as, e-quiv'-a-lent ; but if two 
 consonants intervene, or if the final syllable, or penult, contains a 
 diphthong, the accent falls on the penult; as, re-ful'-gent, con-ven'-ient. 
 
 Note. — The exceptions in this numerous class of words are but few. Under the 
 first clause of the nile, they may commonly be known by m, r, r, or i, before ant or 
 ent; and in the second clause by 9, st. or II, before ant or tnt. Al and ial always 
 bring the accent to ent; as, pa'-rent, pa-rent'-al, con'-se-quent, con-se-quen'-tial. 
 
 Remark. — Most words in cy are derived from those ending in ant, ent, ance, ence, 
 or ate, by dropping t and e final^and adding y or cy ; as, ur'-gent, ur'-gen-cy, del'-i-cate, 
 del'-i-ca-cy. Cy always adds a syllable, but never changes the accent. 
 
 III. General Rule. Words of more than two syllables, the last two 
 letters of which are al, an, ar, or um, having but one consonant, and 
 oftentimes none, between the vowel of the penult syllable and tJiose 
 terminations are very generally accented on the antepenult; as, 
 ma-te'-ri-al ; but if two consonants intervene, the accent commonly falls 
 on the penult ; as, di-ur'-nal. 
 
 Note. — The terminadons or, al, and lar, uniformly accent the antepenult. The 
 main exceptions to the rule are, when o, «, or «, precedes those terminations, when it 
 usually falls on the penult ; as, i-de'-al. 
 
 Rule 20th. Words of three syllables in ize, ist, ism, are uniformly 
 accented on the first ; as, le'-gal-ize. But if the word consist of four 
 or more syllables, the accent, wiih very few exceptions, is on the pre- 
 antepenult ; as, par-tic'-u-lar-ize, pres-by-te'-ri-an-ism. 
 
 Note — The exceptions are among iuch words as haTs prstlxss ; as, ex-tsm'-por-ize^ 
 mo-nop'-o-lize, marking the root by accent. 
 
 14 
 
158 APPENDIX. 
 
 Rule 21st. "Words of more than two syllables in ude, are accented 
 on the antepenult ; as, lat'-i-tude, de-crep'-i-tude. 
 
 Rule 22d. Words of three syllables, the Jlrst two of -which are pre- 
 fixes, and words ending in dde, are very uniformly accented on the last; 
 as, in-ter-cede', lem-on-ade'. 
 
 Rule 23d. Words ending in tcre, with few exceptions, take the 
 accent on the first s^^llable of the root ; as, fig'-ure, lit'-er-a-ture, pro- 
 cure', en-clos'-ure. 
 
 Observation. — After the place of accent has been found in the 
 several classes of words, according to the above Rules, thousands of 
 other words are afterward formed from them by the use of the pre- 
 fixes and suffixes. Tlie accent, however, as Jirst found, is seldom 
 changed by any suffixes subsequently added, except by such as come 
 under Special Rules. 
 
 For a single example of this, take a word in ate, coming under Rule 
 10th ; as, com-mu'-ni-eate -ed-ing-ble-bleness-ive-ively-iveness-ory-ion- 
 bility ; and it will be seen that the accent remains unchanged, till ion and 
 bility are added, when it is removed according to Rules Sd and 6th. 
 
 In a few instances, the addition of a prefix or suffix, throws back the 
 first letter of the root to the prefix, and with it the accent ; as, pro'-bate, 
 rep'-ro-bate ; pre-fer', pref-er-ence. No suffixes, however, change the 
 accent after it is fixed by ir or ous ; as, dra'-ma, dra-mat'-ie, dra-mat'- 
 ic-al, dra-mat'-ic-al-ly ; rael'-o-dy, me-lo'-di-ous, me-lo'-di-ous-ly, me-lo'- 
 di-ous-ness. 
 
 No. 11. 
 
 ORIGIN OF SOME OF THE PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES. 
 
 The greater part of the prefixes in the English language, come to U8 
 from the Latin and Greek. In those languages, they are separable, or 
 inseparable prepositions. Very little difference exists in their inde- 
 pendent signification and conjunct influence, as used in our language, 
 And in those languages whence they are derived. Tlieir extent of ap- 
 plication gives them a commanding influence. Hence, the importance 
 of a distinct understanding of all those small words, so extensively ia- 
 t«rwoven ia the formation of our dwivative worda. 
 
APPENDIX. 159 
 
 The eufHxes are of a more doubtful origin ; yet their common im- 
 port, as appended to words, can be obtained with sufficient precision, 
 to answer the more important purposes of this work. Nor is it very 
 material in this case, whetlier we can or can not decide unequivocally 
 ou their origin, provided we can be satisfied how their application 
 does change, altei', or modify tlie import of words, according to estab- 
 lished usage. Although such inquiry is not necessarily connected 
 with this work, yet we will give some general view, both as to the fact 
 and probability, of their derivations. 
 
 ER — Avhen it signifies a person, as in lover, farmer, <tc., is considered 
 to be a contraction of the Saxon wer, which signifies, a 7)ian. Hence, 
 lover implies a man, or person who loves. 
 
 OR — is derived from the Latin. £r and or, go far in distinguishing 
 Saxon and Latin derivations. 
 
 iss — is probably of Hebrew origin ; yet many derivatives in or, from 
 Latin, take ess, to distinguish the gender; as, actor, actress, generally 
 dropping the vowel which precedes r. 
 
 Y — when the final letter, is thought to be the equivalent of the 
 German ei, and gives at least three different senses to words. 
 
 1. It expresses a condition ; as, slave, slaver, slaver^/. 
 
 2. A place where something is done or kept; as, factor, factory; 
 armor, armory. 
 
 3. Tlie possession of something ; as, weal, wealth, wealthy. 
 
 LY — is a contraction oi like, derived from the German ' lich.' AVe 
 say either death-like, or deathly; god-like, or god/y; but we always 
 say good/y, and war-Zt^-e. 
 
 TY — is derived from Latin ; as, Y>\etas, whence pie^y ; levifas, levi/y ; 
 Berenitas, serenity ; civili^as, civility. 
 
 FY, FCT, Fic — ^liave a common origin, wliich is the contraction of the 
 Latin verb facio, or Jio, to make or become. Fructi/y is a con- 
 traction of fructus and facio, to make fruitful ; Dei/y, of deus and 
 fano. 
 
 ABLE and iBLE — Home Tooke thinks, are taken from the Gotliio 
 word ' abal,^ implying povv'er, strength, or ability. 
 
 Able and ihle, are also common in Latin. 
 
 TiVE — is borrowed from the Latin tivus ; as, Ji&,tivus, native; 
 uomiwdtivus, nomiua^tive ; gaiiitivus, jfnixitiite. 
 
160 APPENDIX. 
 
 ic — is a contraction, as it is thought, from the Greek ikos ; aa^ 
 kritz/i;o.5, critic. Some, however, are from Latin and French. 
 
 TioN, 8ION — are derived from Latin, and in many instances differ in 
 signification very little from 'ing ;'' as, in educaf^on, or edncati^i^. 
 When the Latin supine, whence they are borrowed, ends in turn-, we 
 spell the English word with tion, but when the supine is sum, we spell 
 it sion ; thus, 
 
 Lat. Moifwm, eonven^wm, fonna^wm, collec^wwi. 
 
 En, Motion, convention, formation, collec^ioru 
 
 Lat. Ayersum, submerswm, incurs«?n, adhesimi. 
 
 JEn. Aversion, submersion, incursion, adhesion. 
 
 Others are formed from Latin noims, by the addition of n, to the 
 nominative case; as, from na^io and sta^ioj we thus form nation and 
 station. 
 
 ANCK, ") Tliese six terminations have evidently grown out of the 
 
 ENCE, pres. part. nom. case of Latin verbs, because the spelling of 
 
 ANCY, each, agrees with the four conjugations. The first, with 
 
 ENCY, few exceptions, has ance ; the second and tliird, ence ; and 
 
 ANT, the fourth, ience. Lat, First conj. Affirmans, accordant, 
 
 ENT. J circuras^ans. E7U Affirmance?, accordanci?, circumstance. 
 
 Lat. Second and tliird conj. Tende?is, agents, arden«, insolvent. 
 
 En. Tendency, agency, ardency, insolve7Jct/. 
 
 Lai. Fourth conj. Audiens, conveni<jns, obedi<?ns, experiena. 
 
 En. Audience, convenience, obedienc<?, experience. 
 
 Lat. Dissonans, dependens, delinquens, expedient. 
 
 En. Dissona7?i, dependent, delinquent, expedient. 
 
 This fact, if duly regarded by the classical scholar, would prevent 
 any mistakes in spelling words of this description. 
 
 MENT and AGE — are admitted to be of French origin. Ment, is ex- 
 tensively used. 
 
 ATE — Tliere is a numerous class of words having this termination, 
 which in form exactly agrees with the Imp. mode of Lat verbs, second 
 person, plural, and the Lat. perf. part, vocative case; yet in significa- 
 tion, there is little or no analogy. It is now an English termination, 
 coimnon to words of Lat derivation ; as, accelerate, oblitera^ de- 
 liberate, demoTistrrtie, 'accommodate, <fec. 
 
 D — In such words as multiplicand^ dividencZ, subtrahftnc?, legend^ 
 
i-PPENDIi. 161 
 
 reverend^ <fec., is eyidentl j a contraction of the Lat. dux, or dum ; "aai| 
 legeno? for legendus, &c. 
 
 ABLE — is deriyed from the Latin habilis, and sometimes spelled, ible. 
 
 EN — is derived from the Saxon an, through the German en, and was 
 originally equivalent to our particle to, of the infinitive mode. Among 
 the Saxons, en and n, were used in common with ed, as participial ter- 
 minations ; as, cravere, heaven, barren ; for cvtixed, heav^^ barred; 
 both are retained by established usage. We now say g\\en instead of 
 gi\ed, or we make use of either ; as, engraven, or engraved ; yet by 
 far the most numerous class of words retain ed exclusively. T is 
 often used like en for ed ; as, hwWt for buildec?. 
 
 Ric — is derived from German, and implies possession ; as, bishopric. 
 
 DOM — is from the German thion, implying a collection of things. 
 
 IXG — is taken from the German ung. 
 
 LING and KIN — are also borrowed from the German, and are com- 
 monly used as diminutives; as, duck^in^, a little duck; lambArm, a 
 little lamb. 
 
 HOOD — is also borrowed from German ; as, hojhood, priest/tooc^ 
 expressing a state or condition. 
 
 BH — is the substitute for the German isch. 
 
 SOME — probably may have come from the German sa7n. 
 
 FUL — is derived from the German voll. 
 ' LESS — is also from the German los. 
 
 ED — While a great portion of our verbs derived from the Saxon, are 
 very irregular ; as, drink, swim, fling, <tc. ; those of Latin origin are 
 pretty uniformly marked, by the regular addition of ed, to tlieir im- 
 perfect tense, and perfect partici})le. 
 
 SHIP — seems to be borrowed from some word, implying to slmpe^ or 
 do something ; as, friends7^^;>, fellowsAi;^, &er 
 
 NESS — is doubtless from the German niss. 
 
 AL — may be considered of Latin origin. 
 
 AR and CRY — are also derived from the Latin. 
 
 IZE, 1ST, ISM — are of Greek derivation. 
 
 URE — is from the Latin. 
 
 UDE and TCDE — are also from the Latin. , 
 
 oiD — is derived from the Greek eidos. 
 
 ovs — is taken from the Latin. 
 
162 APPENDIX. 
 
 ]S"o. III. 
 
 A FEW WORDS MORE PARTICULARLY ANALYZED. 
 
 The following words, of Latin and Greek derivation, are more par- 
 ticularly analyzed, to induce the pupil to a further examination into 
 the structure of words in general. Those of Greek derivation, are 
 indicated by the abbreviation, gi'. 
 Anniversary — is from annu^, a year ; and versus, a turning, or returning. 
 
 Hence the import, returning with the year, or a yearly celebration. 
 Animadvert — is from vertus, turning ; animus, the mind ; and ad, to. 
 
 Whence comes the meaning to consider, &c. 
 Apostate — is from the gr. apo, from or off; and stas, standing. Hence 
 
 one who has departed from. 
 Atmosphere — is from the gr. atmos, vapor ; and sphaira, round or sphere 
 Alphabet— is from the first two Greek letters, alpha and beta. 
 Agriculture — is from ager or agri, a field ; and cultura, tillage. 
 Apode — is from the gr. a, privative, meaning without; and pous, a 
 
 foot. Whence apode is without feet, like a fish. Po^^/pode, 
 
 antipodes. 
 Apology — is from the gr. apo, from or off; and logos, a word. 
 Blaspheme — is from the gr. blax, nefarious or impious;! and pheini, to 
 
 speak. 
 Conjugal — is from con, with or together ; and jugum, a yoke; meaning 
 
 yoked together, .or married. 
 Constant, Distant, Circumstance — are from con, meaning together, or 
 
 with ; di, separated, or apart ; circum, around ; and stans, is 
 
 standing. Hence, constant, is standing together, or fixed, firm, 
 
 steady, (fee. Distant, standing apart; whence it implies remote, 
 
 reserved, &,c. So, good circumstances is being surrounded by 
 
 every thing needful. 
 Consequences, Subsequent— are from con, with ; sub, under or after ; 
 
 and seguens, following. Tlien, co?isequences are what follow in 
 
 connection with ; but swiscquent is what follows after. 
 Confident, Diffident, Infidel, and Perfidy — are all from Jides or fidens, 
 
 meaning faith, trust, (fee., modified by the j)refixes, con, dif, in, 
 
 and per. 
 
APPEXDIX. 163 
 
 Cataract — is from the gr. hata, against ; and rasso, to dash. 
 
 Concomitant — is from comes, a companion ; and comes is from con and 
 eo, to go with. Hence, don repeated, implies a repetition of 
 meaning ; as, going and coming together, or a continued union- 
 Disease — is from dis and ease, a deprivation of ease. 
 
 Dismal — is from malus, evil ; dies, daj. Hence, dire, horrid, gloomj. 
 
 Despise — is from specio, to look ; de, do"vvn, as with contempt. 
 
 Deeapolis — is from deca, ten ; polls, a citj. 
 
 Desultory, Insult, Exult, Result — are from d<f, down or from ; in, in or 
 on ; ex, out ; re, again or back ; and salio, to leap. Hence, desnl- 
 tory, is leaping, or passing abruptly from one subject to another ; 
 msult, leaping on, or gross ^buse ; exult, leaping out, or excessive 
 joy ; and result, leaping back, or a consequence following. 
 
 Devious, Previous, Pervious — are from de, from ; via, the way. Hence, 
 out of the way, or wandering. In like manner, pre, before ; and 
 per, by or through, give the different imports. 
 
 Divide — is from the obsolete word, viduo, to separate ; di, apart ; 
 whence we derive the word individual, meaning one undivided 
 person, or thing. ^ 
 
 Disaster — is from dis, separation ; and the gr. astron, a star. The an- 
 cients supposed the star under which a person was born governed 
 his destiny ; hence, disaster comes to mean ill-luck, misfortune. 
 
 Democrat — is from the gr. demos, the people; and kratos, power; 
 hence, a popular government. 
 
 Discrepancy — is from crepo, to crackle or jingle ; dis, asunder ; hence 
 the import, disagreement of parts, like jingling asunder. 
 
 Expedite — is from ex, and pedis, a foot ; hence, to facilitate, <fec. 
 
 Epilepsy — is from the gr. epi, upon ; and lambano, to leap ; aa 
 a fit. 
 
 Equivocate — is from equus, alike or equal ; and vocaius, called ; whence 
 the meaning becomes doubtful ; uncertain. 
 
 Evidence — is from video, to see or discover ; e, out ; hence, to elucidate. 
 
 Epidemic — is from the gr. epi, upon ; demos, the people. 
 
 Fluent, Affluent, Superfluous, and Influence — are all from/«o, to flow, 
 modified by their prefixes. 
 
 Geography — is from the gr. ge, the earth ; and grapho, to write. 
 
 Geometry — is from the gr. ge, and metreo, to measure. 
 
162 APPENDIX. 
 
 Xo. III. 
 
 A FEW WORDS MORE PARTICULARLY ANALYZED. 
 
 The following words, of Latin and Greek derivation, are more par- 
 ticularly analyzed, to induce the pupil to a further examination into 
 .the structure of words in general. Those of Greek derivation, are 
 indicated by the abbreviation, gr. 
 Anniversary — is from annua, a year ; and versus, a turning, or returning. 
 
 Hence the import, returning with the year, or a yearly celebration. 
 Animadvert — is from vertus, turning ; animus, the mind ; and ad, to. 
 
 Whence comes the meaning to consider, <fec. 
 Apostate — is from the gr. apo, from or off; and stas, standing. Hence 
 
 one who has departed from. 
 Atmosphere — is from the gr. atmos, vapor ; and sphaira, round or sphere- 
 Alphabet— is from the first two Greek letters, alpha and beta. 
 Agriculture — is from ager or agri, a field ; and cultura, tillage. 
 Apode — is from the gr. a, privative, meaning without ; and pous, a 
 
 foot. Whence apode is without feet, like a fish. PoZypode, 
 
 antipodes. 
 Apology — is from the gr. apo, from or off; and logos, a word. 
 Blaspheme — is from the gr. blax, nefarious or impious;' andi pheini, to 
 
 speak. 
 Conjugal — is from con, with or together ; and jugum, a yoke; meaning 
 
 yoked togethei*, .or married. 
 Constant, Distant, Circumstance — are from con, meaning together, or 
 
 with ; di, separated, or apart ; circum, around ; and stans, is 
 
 standing. Hence, constant, is standing together, or fixed, firm, 
 
 steady, (fee. i)/stant, standing apart ; whence it implies remote, 
 
 reserved, &c. So, good circum'&tixncQs, is being surrounded by 
 
 every thing needful. 
 Consequences, Subsequent — are from con, with; sub, under or after; 
 
 and sequcns, following. Tlien, co?isequences are what follow in 
 
 connection with ; but s«6sequent is what follows after. 
 Confident, Ditfideut, Infidel, and Perfidy — are all from Jides or Jidens, , 
 
 meaning faith, trust, tfec, modified by the prefixes, co7i, dif, in, 
 
 and per. 
 
^ APPENDIX. 163 
 
 Cataract — is from the gr. Jcata, against ; and rasso^ to dasli. 
 
 Concomitant — is from comes, a companion ; and comes is from con and 
 «o, to go with. Hence, ton repeated, implies a repetition of 
 meaning ; as, going and coming together, or a continued union. 
 
 Disease — is from dis and ease, a deprivation of ease. 
 
 Dismal — is from mains, evil ; dies, day. Hence, dire, horrid, gloomy. 
 
 Despise — is from specio, to look ; de, down, as with contempt. 
 
 Decapolis — is from deca, ten ; polls, a city. 
 
 Desultory, Insult, Exult, Result — are from de, down or from ; in, in or 
 on ; ex, out ; re, again or back ; and sallo, to leap. Hence, rf«sul- 
 tory, is leaping, or passing abruptly from one subject to another ; 
 insult, leaping on, or gross ^buse ; exult, leaping out, or excessive 
 joy ; and result, leaping back, or a conseqxience following. 
 
 Devious, Previous, Pervious — are from de, from ; via, the way. Hence, 
 out of the way, or wandering. In like manner, pre, before ; and 
 per, by or through, give the different imports. 
 
 Divide — is from the obsolete word, vidua, to separate; di, apart; 
 whence we derive the word individual, meaning one undivided 
 person, or thing. ^ 
 
 Disaster — is from dis, separation ; and the gr. astron, a star. The an- 
 cients supposed the star under which a person was born governed 
 his destiny ; henee, disaster comes to mean ill-luck, misfortune. 
 
 Democrat — is from the gr. demos, the people; and kratos, power; 
 hence, a popular government. 
 
 Discrepancy — is from crepo, to crackle or jingle ; dis, asunder ; hence 
 the import, disagreement of parts, like jingling asunder. 
 
 Expedite — is from ex, and pedis, a foot ; hence, to facilitate, <fee. 
 
 Epilepsy — is from the gr. epi, upon ; and lambano, to leap ; aa 
 a fit. 
 
 Equivocate — is from equus, alike or equal ; and vocatus, called ; whence 
 the meaning becomes doubtful ; uncertain. 
 
 Evidence — is from video, to see or discover ; e, out ; hence, to elucidate. 
 
 Epidemic — is from the gr. epi, upon : demos, the people. 
 
 Fluent, Affluent, Superfluous, and Influence — are all from /wo, to flow, 
 modified by their prefixes. 
 
 Geography — is from the gr. ge, the earth ; and grapJw, to write. 
 
 Geometry — is from the gr. ge, and metreo, to measure. 
 
164 APPENDIX. 
 
 Infant — is from fari, to speat, or fans, speaking; and in. not ; then an 
 
 mfant, is one not able to speak or use language. 
 Metropolis — is from the gr. meter, a mother; and jooZ?'s, a city. 
 Monotony — is fro;n the gr. monos, one' OT alone ;' and ionos, a tone, or 
 
 sound. 
 Manage — is from manns, the hand ; and age, from ago, to do. 
 Monopolize — is from the gr. monos, alone ; and poleo, to bny. 
 l^Iancipate — is from manus, the hand; and capio, to take; hence, to 
 
 enslave. , 
 Orb — is from orhis, a spherical body ; and orbit, is the curve line in 
 
 which it moves ; whence exorbitant is derived, and means depart- 
 ing from the usual track, or course. 
 Order — is from ordo ; whence extraordinary. 
 Prophet — is from the gr. pro, before ; and jjhemi, to speak. 
 Period — is from the gr. peri, around ; and odos^, a way or road. Then 
 
 a periodical is what goes the rounds at stated times. 
 Providence — is from pro and videns, seeing before. 
 Perigrinate— is from ager, agri, a field; and hence peregrinate, to 
 
 travel through the- country. 
 Pennsylvania — is from Penn, the name of the founder ; and tglva, & 
 
 wood. , 
 
 Pedagogue — is from the gr. pais, a child ; and agogos, a leader. 
 Preposterous — is from posterus, from post, after ; and pre, before ; 
 
 hence, it means putting that first which should be last, or what ia 
 
 absurd. 
 Repugnant — is from pugnans, fighting; re, back; hejice opposite, or 
 
 contrary. ' 
 
 Roborant — is from rohir, oak of the hardest kind, and means strength- 
 ening. Hence, cor for co7i, makes corroborate, to confirm. 
 Sympathy — is from the gr. syn, for sun, meaning with ; and pathos; 
 
 suffering ; then sympathy means siifFering with, or fellow-feeling ; 
 
 apathy, without feeling; anf/pathy, opposition of feelings. 
 Synopsis — is from the gr. siin, and opsis, the sight ; hence one view- 
 Synod — is from the gr, syn, for sun ; and odos, a way or road. 
 Supercilious — is from super, above ; cilium, the eye-brow ; hence, 
 
 haughty. 
 Sincere — ia from sine, without ; cera^ wax; hence, unmixed, or pure. 
 
APPENDIX. 165 
 
 Universe — is from vers7c.\ a turning; unus, into one; a collective wliole. 
 
 Vague — is from vafftis^ wandering ; extra, beyond, making extravagant. 
 
 Astrouoniy — is from the gr. nonios, a law ; and astron, a Star. 
 
 Analysis — is from the gr. lusis, a loosing ; ana, again. 
 
 Antipode — is from the gr. anti, opposite to ; pous, a foot. 
 
 Anatomy — is from the gr. tome, cutting ; ana, through. 
 
 Chronology — is from the gr. logos, a word or discourse; chronot, time. 
 
 Euphony — is from the gr. eu, good or agreeable ; phone, sound. 
 
 E}ataph — is from the gr. epi, upon ; taphos, a tomb. 
 
 Monarch — is from the gr. arche, a chief; monos, alone. 
 
 Oxygen — is from the gr. gennao, to produce ; oxus, acid. 
 
 Philanthropy— is from the gr. philos, a lover ; anthropos, of man. 
 
 Polytechnics — -is from the gr. poly, many ; techne, art 
 
 Phrenology — is from the gr. logox, a discoursing ; phren, the mind. 
 
 Syllable — is from the gi". lambanoa, taken; swi, together. 
 
 Synthesis — is from the gr. tithemi, to put or place ; sun, together. 
 
 Thermometer — is from the gr. metron, a measure ; and thermos, warmth. 
 
 Telescope — is from the gr. skopeo, to spy ; telos, the end. 
 
 Orthography — is from the gr. grapho, writing ; orthos, right 
 
 Apogee — is from the gr. apo, from ; ge, the earth. 
 
 Aphelion — is from the gr. a, from ; helios, the sun. 
 
 Hydraulics — is from the gr. hudor, water ; and aulus, a pipe. 
 
 Hydrophobia — is from the gr. phobeo, fear ; hudor, water. 
 
 Polyglot — is from the gr. poly, many ; glotfa, tongue, or language. 
 
 Asteroid — is from the gr. eidos, like ; asiron, a star. 
 
 Archipelago — is from the gr. arche, chief; pelagos, sea. 
 
 Amphibious — is from the gr. amphi, about, or both ; bios, Yifo. 
 
 Prognostic — is fronj the gr. gnoo, to know ; pro, before. 
 
 Diagonal — is from thcrgr. dla, through ; gonia, the angle. 
 
 Trigonometry — ^is from the gr. metrco, to measure ; treis, three , gr'Uia^ 
 
 Isosceles — is from the gr. isos, equal ; skelos, legs. [angle*. 
 
 Apostasy — is from the gr. istemi, to stand ; apo, frora. 
 
 Rhinoceros — is from the gr. keras, a horn ; rhin, nose. 
 
 Autocrat — is from the gr. kratos, power ; autos, one's sel£ 
 
 Monk — is from the gr. monos, one alone. 
 
 Polynesia — ia fix>m the gr. po^lvAy many ; and tt^sos^ &n ial^ 
 
168 APPENDIX. 
 
 and Arabia, are admitted to be Hebraic, or of the Chaldean stock. Vtie 
 ancient Persian and Scythian, are troni the same stock. The Phoenicians 
 carried their language through Asia Minor, and it became tlie original 
 Btock of the Pelasglc, the parent of tlie Greek. From the yEolic-Greek, 
 with a mixture of the Etruscan and Sabine dialects, originated the 
 Latin. The Gothic and Celtic languages, were brought by colonies 
 from the regions of the Caspian and Euxine seas, and are in some 
 affinity with the Phoenician stock. 
 
 Three successive streams of Eastern emigration poured into Europe, 
 at an early period. 1st. The Kimmerians, or Kelts. 2d. The Scythian, 
 or Gothic tribes. 8d. The Sarmatian,or Sclavonic race. 
 
 The Saxons wei'e Germanic, or Teutonic tribes ; or, more anciently, 
 Gothic, or Scythian. 
 
 From the Kimmerian, or Keltic source, originated the Welsli, Gaelic, 
 Irish, Cornish, and Gaulish languages. 
 
 From the great Gothic, or Scythian stock, and its ramifications of 
 tribes, originated the Saxon, Anglo-Saxon, Meso-Gothic, German, Swiss, 
 Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Lowland Scotcli, and English 
 languages. 
 
 Jrom the Sarraatian, or Sclavonic stock, the Poles and Russians seem 
 to have derived their origin and languages. 
 
 The infant state of the Saxons scarcely attracted the notice of the 
 Homans. Tlieir territorial limits were confined to Cimbric Cherscnesus, 
 and three small islands. In 449 after Christ, the Saxons entered 
 Britain, and eventually became masters of the island. From the name 
 of one of the Saxon tribes, called Angles, originated the name of the 
 nation {Etiglish), and the name of the language we, as Americans, 
 speak. Its immediate parent is Saxon. 
 
 The English language is probably destined to be more unirenwillj 
 ■poken, than any other language of the world. 
 
 THE END. 
 
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