BANCROFT 
 LIBRARY 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
i p< 
 *Wi / |r e " 
 
UTAH 
 
 The Inland Empire 
 
 ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 The Story of the Pioneers. 
 
 Resources and Industries of the State. 
 Attractions of Salt Lake City. 
 
 Leading Men of the Community. 
 
 Written, Compiled and Published under the direction of 
 ARTHUR T. SARGF.NT 
 
 I I IK DKSKRKT NKWS, 
 
 SALT I.AKI: CITY, UTAH. 
 
 9 
 
THE PONY EXPRESS. 
 
 How thr I'nitrd Sum Miil wn brought tn t'uh fifty von >|o. 
 
SUNSET ON GREAT SALT LAKE, FROM SALTAIR BEACH. 
 Copyrighted 1901, by Harry Shipler > Salt Lake City. 
 
 Proem. 
 
 BANCROFT 
 LIBRARY 
 
 For many years a demand has existed, both on the part of our own public, and the 
 many tourists who find in Utah a fascinating field for their investigations, for a work which 
 should embody in convenient form an authentic record of the settlement of this state, its 
 growth and development, its industries, its attractions and of the men whose genius and 
 energy have made the commonwealth what it is. 
 
 It is to supply this demand that " UTAH, THE INLAND EMPIRE," has been prepared. 
 The various articles presented are from the pens of writers known as authorities in the 
 fields they cover, and all the facts stated may be relied on as being from authentic sources. 
 The figures presented are the latest compiled, and the various illustrations are from photo- 
 graphs taken specially for this publication. 
 
 The historic interest attached to Utah, and her rapidly growing importance in the 
 mining, industrial and commercial world, will, we feel assured, justify the pains expended 
 in preparing this offering to the public. 
 
 THE DESERET NEWS. 
 Salt Lake City, Utah, 
 
 December, 1902. 
 
warn, 
 
 THK arrival of the Pioneers upon the shores of the 
 Great Salt I^ake was an epoch In American history as 
 momentuous and far-reaching in its consequences as 
 the landing of the Pilgrims upon Plymouth Rock. In either 
 case it meant the founding of an Empire, the establishment 
 
 ^ , '' . 
 
 
 A PIONEER'S HOME. 
 
 of States that were to form Integral parts of the mightiest 
 of modern nations: and that, too, by representatives of the 
 world-dominating Anglo-Saxon race. 
 
 Brigham Young, the leader of the Pioneers, was a de- 
 scendant of the Pilgrims who settled New England and of 
 Hi.- Patriots who established the independence of the 
 Colonies. As such he was a type of the people whom he 
 led a thousand miles Into the wilderness to lay the founda- 
 tions of the commonwealth whose sovereign star is forty- 
 fifth upon the flag of the Union. Mainly of Yankee origin 
 were the earlier settlers of Utah, though the Mormon 
 community was liberally sprinkled, even then, with emi- 
 grants from other parts. As early as the year 1840 a ship 
 
 load of their proselytes from Europe had steamed up the 
 Mississippi and landed at the wharf below their terraced 
 and temple-crowned city on the banks of the Father of 
 Waters. This was the beginning of Mormon immigration 
 from abroad; but "the gathering," as It was styled, had 
 been in progress upon this continent for a decade, and had 
 called forth converts from the Canadian Provinces and 
 from various states in the Union. It was a small but 
 picked band from the body of the persecuted community 
 expelled from Illinois in 1846, that Brigham Young led 
 
 IN I III DAY* 
 
 JOSKPH SMITH. 
 
 Kim rmldcnt of Ihf Church of Jrtui Chtiil 
 of Litter Di -nun. 
 
 from the Missouri River to Salt I,ake Valley the year fol- 
 lowing. 
 
 What Is now the state of Utah, glittering with Hi leu. 
 smiling with orchards and vineyards, dottrel with thi> 
 peaceful and happy honirs of a ipiart.-r of a million people. 
 WM then a sun-baked alkalln<> dcHert. Infested with sav- 
 age*, wild beasts and venomous reptiles, whiumed by the 
 occasional went i mini Immigrant as a land of desolation 
 and death, and habitable only tn while- men in tin- PIT 
 sons of a few wandering trappers, roaming over the snow- 
 < npped mountains and sun-parched plains. It was a por- 
 tionand the most forbidding portionof what was named 
 upon tho maps and In the school book* of that period as 
 "Tho (Iroat American Desert." described by Daniel Web- 
 .-IT upon the floor of the United States Senate a* a "vast 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 worthless area." It is an oft-told tale how Colonel 
 "Jim" Bridger, the veteran mountaineer, then living in a 
 lonely log fort in what is now the State of Wyoming, met 
 Brigham Young as he crossed the Rocky Mountains, and 
 
 BRIGHAM YOUNG As GOVERNOR OF UTAH IN 1850. 
 
 remarked pessimistically to him and his pioneer associ- 
 ates, that he would give a thousand dollars if he knew an 
 ear of corn could ripen in Salt Lake Valley. Yet it was 
 to this very spot, the region thus tabooed and stigmatized, 
 that these hardy empire builders made their way, refusing 
 to be dismayed by discouraging reports and prospects, or 
 lured from their purpose by tempting tales told them of 
 
 IIKKORE ill K "OVER LAND LIMl'IKD." 
 
 a fair and fertile land farther on; a land of flowers, the 
 future land of gold, the green and grassy slopes of the 
 Pacific. 
 
 There was "method" in this "madness," if madness it 
 be deemed. To that heaven-favored region, that modern 
 
 Hesperides, were already flocking the firstlings of emi- 
 gration from the East, most of it from those very parts 
 where the Mormon people had experienced their sorest 
 trials. To settle upon the Pacific Coast, their leader fore- 
 saw, would be to invite, ultimately if not immediately, a 
 repetition of the troubles from which the despoiled and 
 driven exiles were then fleeing. Hence his preference for 
 
 ' 
 
 Ill I 
 
 THE ARRIVAL OF THE "OVERLAND MAIL." 
 
 the sun-burnt, rock-girt wilderness a land coveted by 
 none, contemned by all, a natural citadel, "a fortress 
 formed to freedom's hand." "Here," said Brigham Young, 
 "here we will build a City and rear a Temple to our 
 God." Later, to those of his people, who, after the dis- 
 covery of gold in California, would fain have rushed 
 
 BRIGHAM YOUNG IN 1876. 
 
 thither, or prematurely plunged into mining in these parts, 
 he sagely said: "We cannot eat gold and silver; wo need 
 bread and clothing first; neither do we wi 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 IN IHt \|nl Nl \IN> NKAK >AI.T LAKE. 
 
 a roving, reckless frontier population to drive us again 
 from our hard-earned homes. Let mining go for the pres- 
 ent, until we are strong enough to take care of ourselves, 
 and meantime engage in farming, stock raising, manufac- 
 turing, and other healthful pursuits that lie at the basis 
 of every state's prosperity." Such was the substance of 
 his teachings upon that point. The wisdom of the advice, 
 the soundness of the policy then inaugurated, and prac- 
 ticed by most of the people under his direction, is shown 
 In the present prosperity and splendid prospects of the 
 state they founded, as compared with other common- 
 wealths where mining from the first was the main and 
 almost exclusive occupation. 
 
 The pioneer vanguard of the migrating people, which 
 left the Iowa frontier early in April, and entered the Val- 
 ley of the Inland Sea late In July, 1847, comprised one 
 hundred and forty-three men, three women and two chil- 
 dren. They were thoroughly organized, though none 
 too well supplied with wagons, ox-teams, saddle 
 horses, flre-arms. plows, seed grain, provisions and the 
 usual camp equipment. Originally twelve times twelve 
 men were chosen, but one of them fell sick and returned 
 after the Journey began. The starting point was "Winter 
 Quartern," a temporary prairie settlement founded by the 
 Latter Day Saints after their arrival upon the Missouri 
 River, and from which place In the summer of 1846. had 
 gone foith. at the call of their country, the Mormon Bat- 
 talion, five hundred strong to assist In the war against 
 Mexico. It was the call for that battalion, and Its de- 
 parture by way of Santa Ke for Southern California, that 
 postponed the proposed journey of the Pioneers until the 
 following spring. Taking a new route up the north bank 
 of the Platte a route now covered by much of the road- 
 bed of the Union Paclflr railway the Pioneers, by way of 
 South Pass. Oreen River and the Wasatch ranee, emerged 
 upon the desolate shores and sand plains where have 
 spniim up Imii.ii.'.ls of dtlex. towns and villages, 
 virtually their girt to civilization. The official date of their 
 arrival upon the site of the pioneer and parent city was 
 Saturday, July 24th: tlmuKh a few straggled In two or 
 three days earlier and partly explored "The Valley." 
 Along with the Pioneers came a small company of Mor- 
 mon emigrants from Mississippi, who had joined them at 
 
 Fort Laramie; and a few days later they 
 were followed by some disabled detach- 
 ments of the Mormon Battalion, who had 
 passed the previous winter at Pueblo. 
 These were the men and women who 
 struck the first blows in the conquest 
 and colonization of "The Great American 
 Desert;" though equal credit, so far as 
 toils and hardships are concerned, be- 
 longs to the emigrant companies that ar- 
 rived from Winter Quarters in the ensu- 
 ing autumn and during the early suc- 
 ceeding years. 
 
 Utah, when the Pioneers came, was 
 "Eastern California." and California a 
 province of Mexico, with which the United 
 States was at war. Unfurling to the 
 breeze the Stars and Stripes, these Mor- 
 mon colonizers, as American citizens, 
 took possession of the country, and after 
 the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, by 
 which. In February, 1848, the land was 
 ceded to our nation, they organized, 
 pending congressional action upon 
 their petition for a state govern- 
 ment, the provisional government of "Deseret" a name 
 taken from 'the Book of Mormon and signifying "honey 
 bee." It was in March, 1849. that the first civil government 
 In the Rocky Mountains was thus established. Meantime 
 the surrounding region was explored and colonized, settle- 
 ments being formed wherever water was found and means 
 of subsistence available. The savage tribes were subdued 
 or placated, arid lands reclaimed by Irrigation, forts and 
 cities built, schools and factories founded, and the whole 
 land made to hum with the whirring wheels of industry. 
 
 As an illustration of how Utah was settled, how our 
 Inland empire was founded, Salt LaKc City may be taken 
 as an example. Here the earliest settlers lived in a fort 
 of logs and earthwork, reared on what Is now called Plo- 
 
 UIVIL's MIUl-\vmm CANYON. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 
 neer Square, and designed as a protection against wild 
 beasts and hostile Indians. The walls of this fort were 
 composed of small one-story adobe houses, built in the 
 form of a square, the roofs of brush and dirt slanting out- 
 ward and the main entrance guarded by heavy gates kept 
 carefully closed at night. The outer windows of the houses 
 were the port-holes of the fortification. In this primitive 
 structure, huddled together in a semi-miserable state, 
 poorly protected from the weather and preyed upon by na- 
 tive vermin, our "oldest inhabitants," numbering some 
 seventeen hundred souls, passed their first winter in the 
 Valley of the Great Salt Lake. A city had been laid out 
 in the previous August, but not until the next spring did 
 the settlers begin moving upon the city lots, taking with 
 them in many instances the primitive huts constructed by 
 them as portions of the "Old Fort." There was no land- 
 grabbing in those days, and no monopoly of the mountain 
 streams, almost the sole water supply. Outside the city 
 the land was divided into five and ten-acre fields, one of 
 which, with a city lot of one and a quarter acres part of 
 the ten-acre blocks into which the town was divided with 
 sufficient water to irrigate his ground, was allotted to 
 each head of a family. All were encouraged to till the 
 soil, not only in cultivating farms, but in planting orchards, 
 shade trees, flowers and shrubbery. The result was that 
 Salt Lake City and her offspring settlements soon pre- 
 sented the appearance of a veritable Eden in the desert. 
 
 There were seasons of drouth and years of famine; 
 there were cricket plagues and grasshopper visitations, 
 when short rations were the rule and starvation the pros- 
 pect, with wild roots and cooked raw-hides as articles of 
 diet more common than breadstuffs; but at such times 
 the communal character of the people, with their "share 
 and shaie alike" principles and practice, saved them from 
 the extremes of suffering. There were also wars with 
 the Indians, who killed many of the colonizers, but were 
 punished in return as often as necessary, and taught that 
 no harm, but only good, was intended by their white neigh- 
 bors. It was not long before the "feed-and-not-flght-them" 
 policy pursued by the Mormon leaders bore legitimate 
 fruit, and the once war-like red man became friendly and 
 peaceable. 
 
 Utah's earliest merchants were from 
 the East and were non-Mormons. They 
 reaped immense profits from their mer- 
 chandise, brought in long wagon trains 
 from St. Louis and other Eastern cities, 
 but the settlers gladly gave them what 
 they asked for dry goods, groceries, cloth- 
 ing, farming implements and whatever 
 else was most needed in this new coun- 
 try. Very soon, however, Mormon mer- 
 chants began competing with the outsid- 
 ers. Most of the trading was done by 
 exchange. Money was exceedingly scarce, 
 and at first the products of the earth, 
 with manufactured articles and bags of 
 California gold dust, were the common 
 currency. To partly obviate this incon- 
 venience, a mint was established and 
 gold pieces of various denominations 
 coined. These coins, however, were only 
 for temporary use, and were soon called 
 in and disposed of as bullion to the 
 United States mints. 
 
 As soon as practicable was organized 
 the Perpetual Emigrating Fund Company, 
 to aid the poor among scattered Mormon converts 
 to "gather to Zion"; in other words, to emigrate 
 to the Rocky Mountains. The Mormon Church, with 
 Its leading men, who established and conducted this 
 enterprise, were the main contributors to the fund, which 
 sent annually to the frontier five hundred wagons to bring 
 immigration across the plains. Persons aided by the fund 
 in various nations, with meaus advanced for their trans- 
 portation to Utah, were expected to reimburse it as soon as 
 able, in order that the fund might be "perpetual." Many 
 so helped owe to this system their deliverance from pov- 
 erty or dependence in distant lands and their subsequent 
 
 IN BIG COTTONWOOD CANYON. 
 
s 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 rise to comfort and affluence in the New World. This 
 Emigrating Company was instituted in the fall of 1849, 
 and simultaneously with its inception went forth the first 
 missionaries from the Rocky Mountains, bound for Great 
 Britain. Scandinavia. France. Italy. California and the Pa- 
 rifle Islands. 
 
 The proselytes who reinforced the Pioneers and earli- 
 est settlers, and helped in the establishment of the inland 
 empire, were of the bone and sinew, genius and talent 
 of nearly all countries farmers, laborers, tradesmen, me- 
 chanics, manufacturers, business men, with a liberal 
 sprinkling of artists, musicians, writers and other pro- 
 fessional people, representing the average run of American 
 society and what are known in Europe as the middle and 
 working classes. "In their degree the pick and flower of 
 England," was the comment passed upon a typical ship- 
 
 plies, being necessary for the remainder of the journey. 
 The toilsome trip at an end. they would here be met by 
 kindred and friends who had preceded them, or by church 
 agents appointed for the purpose, and be furnished with 
 employment at Salt Lake City and the surrounding settle- 
 ments, or sent to colonize and build up new sections. Most 
 of the newcomers, pre-empting and improving land and 
 practicing wherever possible their trades and professions, 
 would soon acquire homes of their own and lay the founda- 
 tions for future prosperity. 
 
 The founding of Utah blazed the way for the west- 
 ward march of civilization. In California and Oregon, her 
 only original competitors, there was no such community 
 of interests, no such organized effort, no such systematic 
 plan of colonization and state-building, as were witnessed 
 here from the beginning. While California was digging 
 
 I IK. \\ I XS\ "N 
 
 SCENIC POIVI - IN SDK I IIKKN II Ml 
 FAR Ml"\ I I HI KH HI 
 
 Ht AK Kl\ I K t \\YON. 
 
 load of Mormon emigrants, by the afterwards famous 
 Charles Dickens, then a reporter on a London newspaper. 
 The emlgratlonal arrangements In the British Mission were 
 so perfect as to call forth In 1864 the commendation of a 
 elect committee of the House of Commons, who, after 
 Investigation, pronounced the Mormon migrant ship 
 "a family under strong and accepted discipline, with every 
 pruvlxlc.ii for comfort, decorum and Internal peace." Cross- 
 ing the sea. generally In large companies. In charge of 
 capable and reputable KId-rs of the Church, the emigrants 
 would travel, until railroad facilities were extended, mostly 
 If not entirely by team to the frontier. W)HT<> the wagons 
 of the Emigrating Company awaited them They would 
 then be reorganized for the passage of the plains: an ox- 
 team and a wagon or a handcart, with three months 1 sup- 
 
 gold. Utah was developing her agricultural resources: while 
 on the fertile slopes of the Pacific the husbandman was 
 reaping with little or no loll harvests sown and win. i. <! 
 by nature, die settler of Deserct was breaking his plow- 
 share in the hard, nun baked soil, turning the mountain 
 I..M. MI from Its channel to soften and make arable Hie 
 rocky ground, and when not guarding himself and his 
 loved ones from marauding and merciless savages was 
 disputing possession of his scanty crops with cri< 
 grasshoppers and other voracious pests with which the re- 
 gion Hwarmeil. The Moiinon peace policy in relation to the 
 Indians HiiliHcrved In various ways the cause of western 
 developccnt During the period of the gold excitement Salt 
 Lake Valley was a "half-way house" between the Missouri 
 river and the Pacific coast, and here the tired gold sekr 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 halted for rest and to obtain supplies to enable him to 
 reach his journey's end. The same may be said of subse- 
 quent emigration. The establishment of this common- 
 wealth greatly facilitated the settlement of other states 
 and territories now clustering round her. She was the 
 keystone to the arch of western empire. Moreover, it 
 was Mormon picks and shovels wielded by some of the 
 returning Battalion boys that dug up at Sutter's Mills 
 in January, 1848, the first gold of California. It was a Mor- 
 mon colony from New York by way of Cape Horn that gave 
 to the Golden State her second pioneer newspaper. This 
 was in 1846. four years before the Deseret News, the pio- 
 neer journal of these parts, was established at Salt Lake 
 City. 
 
 Sierra Nevadas, with a small strip of the California sea- 
 coast, including the town of San Diego. 
 
 Deseret's prayer for statehood was denied, and the 
 territory of Utah, with greatly diminished boundaries, was 
 organized by Congress in September, 1850; California, at 
 the same time, being admitted into the Union as a state. 
 Brigham Young became Governor of Utah by appointment 
 of President Millard Fillmore, after whom the grateful 
 people named the county of Millard and city of Fill- 
 more, the first capital of the territory. Governor Young 
 served two terms of four years each, his reappointment 
 being due to the solicitation of both Mormons and Gen- 
 tiles. He was succeeded ty Hon. Alfred Cumming. a native 
 of Georgia, Utah's first non-Mormon executive. Up to the 
 
 I u l\ ROCKS. 
 
 POINTS ON THK "MORMON" PIONKKR TRAIL Ol' 
 SKVHNKL ROCK. 
 
 1000 MILK TRKK. 
 
 Utah's political history had begun the year previous 
 with the organization of the Provisional Government of the 
 State of Deseret. Under this regime Brigham Young was 
 elected Gove:nor, and the offices of Secretary, Treasurer, 
 Chief Justice, Associate Justices. Attorney General, Mar- 
 shal, Assessor and Collector, and Surveyor of Highways, 
 were simultaneously created and filled. Minor magistrates 
 were also elected and the militia organized. The first 
 counties created were those cf Salt Lake, Weber, Utah, 
 Sanpete, Juab and Tooele. The territory comprised within 
 the limits of the proposed state extended from what was 
 then Oregon on the north to Mexico on the south, and 
 westward from the summit of the Rocky Mountains to the 
 
 present time our commonwealth has had fifteen governors, 
 all but two non-Mormons, and all but one appointed by 
 the President of the United States. The exception is the 
 present governor, Hon. Heber M. Wells, a Mormon and a 
 native of Salt Lake City. 
 
 Just prior to Governor Cumming's installation occurred 
 the exciting but bloodless conflict commonly known as 
 the "Echo Canyon War;" officially styled the Utah Expedi- 
 tion; the sending of a United States army to Utah to put 
 down an alleged Mormon uprising. The leader of this 
 army was General Albert Sidney Johnston, who afterwards 
 fell at Shiloh. Knowing that the national authorities had 
 been misled by false reports, Governor Young took imme- 
 
IO 
 
 UTAH THK INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 diate steps to acquaint them with the true state of affairs, 
 and meanwhile, in order to prevent a possible repetition 
 of the anti-Mormon atrocities of Missouri and Illinois, he 
 exercised his official power for their protection. Placing 
 Utah under martial law. he forbade Johnston's army to 
 enter the territory, and called out the militia to resist the 
 
 Valley, the settlers were materially benefltted by the lu- 
 crative trade carried on with the garrison until the out- 
 break of the Civil War. when the post was abandoned. 
 
 It was the general opinion throughout the country that 
 the opening of the great conflict between the North and the 
 South would find Utah arrayed on the side of secession. 
 
 impending Invasion. A heavy force of armed mountain- 
 eers, under General Daniel H. Wells, the father of our 
 present governor, forthwith proceeded to barricade Echo 
 Canon and otherwise Impede the advance of the Invading 
 host. The result was what Governor Young anticipated. 
 Johnston's troops went Into winter quarters east of the 
 
 and in arms against the Federal Government, but the expec- 
 tation was not realized. At the very threshold of the strife, 
 with the tide of victory running In favor of the Confederacy 
 
 DANCING UTt. 
 
 Wasatrh mountain*, spring brought peace commissioner* 
 from Washington, and the affair happily ended without 
 bloodshed. Though the morale of the territory was not 
 Improved l>y the hordes of camp followers that came In 
 the wake of the army, which founded Camp Floyd In Cedar 
 
 A NAVAJO HI- in-Ml AND FAMII 1 
 
 there flashed eastward over the wires of the Overland Tele- 
 graph I.ln.-. rompli !<! to Salt l*ake City In October, 1861, 
 this message, signed by Drlgham Young: "Utah has not 
 seceded, but Is firm for the Constitution and laws of our 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 1 1 
 
 once happy country." Simultaneously the Mormon leader 
 no longer Governor of Utah, but still the real power in the 
 land offered to President Lincoln the services of a picked 
 body of men to protect the government mail route on the 
 plains; an offer that was graciously accepted. Early in 
 1862 the Territory applied again for admission into the 
 Union. 
 
 of Northern Utah and Southern Idaho. Colonel Connor, 
 moreover, was the first to open the Utah mines, though 
 they were not developed until several years later, owing 
 to the absence of railroad facilities. , 
 
 It was twenty-two years after the settlement of Salt 
 Lake Valley when the shriek of the locomotive broke the 
 stillness of the mountain solitudes and brought Utah face 
 
 UTE WARRIOR "FIGHTING BEAR." 
 
 AN INDIAN BRIDE. 
 
 But the prevailing prejudice was too dense to 
 be at once dispelled; hence, notwithstanding these 
 evidences of loyalty, the sending of Colonel Pat- 
 rick Edward Connor, at the head of the California and 
 Nevada Volunteers to Salt Lake City in October of that 
 year "to watch Brigham Young and the Mormons" during 
 this period of national peril. Aside from this superfluous 
 task as disagreeable to the soldiers as it was annoying 
 
 to face with all the problems of modern civilization. A 
 new era then dawned upon Deseret. Her days of isolation 
 were ended. Population increased, commerce expanded, 
 and a thousand and one improvements were planned and 
 exploited. Telegraphs and railroads threw a network of 
 steel and electricity over a region formerly traversed by 
 the slow-going ox team and lumbering stage coach. The 
 mines were developed, property of all kinds increased in 
 
 PAPOOSE. 
 
 to the citizens the troops made themselves useful in 
 founding Fort Douglas and in exterminating a band of 
 hostile Indians who had long been a terror to the settlers 
 
 NAVAJO G1RI.S. 
 
 value, and industry on every hand felt the thrill of an elec- 
 tric reawakening. Tourists from East and West began 
 flocking to the Mormon country to see for themselves "the 
 
i : 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 "MR-. c-.MMM.IiV' ROCK. 
 
 peculiar people" and their Institutions, trusting no more 
 to the wild tales told by sensational traducers. Brigham 
 Young, who had predicted the transcontinental railroad 
 
 great newspapers the former independent, the latter anti- 
 Mormon in tone came into existence as successors to 
 earlier rivals of the Deseret News; and non-Mormon 
 churches, of which thete had been a few in Utah almost 
 from the beginning, were multiplied. In the midst of 
 these changes Brigham Young, the chief founder of the 
 commonwealth, died at Salt Lake City August 29. 1877. 
 
 Marvelous as were the mutations preceding that event, 
 quite as wonderful are some of the changes that have fol- 
 lowed. The steady inflow of capital and population, the 
 continued discovery and development of valuable mines, 
 the extension of railroads, and multiplication of schools, 
 factories and business enterprises, with the introduction 
 of all modern improvements, were to have been expected 
 in view of what had already taken place: but the peculiar 
 turn taken in political affairs, due to a remarkable change 
 of attitude on the part of "the dominant church." was 
 most surprising. 
 
 As early as 1862 Congress had legislated upon the sub- 
 ject of "polygamy." the patriarchal marriage system of 
 the Latter-Day Saints, practiced by Joseph Smith, Brigham 
 Young and other leaders at Nauvoo, but never publicly 
 promulgated by the Church until 1852. Not more than two 
 
 MT. NUi'i IN ll'AB COUNTY ELEVATION tlJHl ftt I 
 
 and marked out Its path while crossing the plains and 
 mountains In 1847. now when It was extending across Utah 
 IM-IJIIMC it niitractor. helping to build the Union Pacific 
 through Kcho ntul Weber canyoiiH. He had previous- 
 ly established the ix-seret Telegraph line, constructed en- 
 tirely by Mormon capital and labor under his direction. 
 The I'tali Central and the Utah Southern, the pioneer local 
 railroads, now Incnrnnraf-d In the Oregon Shott line, were 
 built by him and other Mormon capitalists, and of the first- 
 named road he was for many years the president. He and 
 his associates also organized at this period /Ion's Co-opera- 
 tive Mercantile Institution, to consolidate Mormon com- 
 III.-M l;il iniiTextH and enable them to meet successfully 
 
 iniietltlon mincing In from outside Hoiirceg. 
 With the inereane of the Gentile population came the 
 formation of rival political parties, the first that Utah had 
 . ii' wn; and between the pro-Mormon People's party and 
 Hi-- anti-Mormon Liberal party a long and bitter fight was 
 waged. The Salt Lake Herald and Salt Ijike Tribune, both 
 
 PLUM 1-riMMM. sink- \MBIH CANYON 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 per cent, of the Mormon people ever practiced the plural- 
 wife principle, though generally they believed it to be 
 divine. The anti-polygamy act was not enforced, it be- 
 ing regarded as unconstitutional, even by many non-Mor- 
 mons, who recognized the sincerity of their opponents 
 in the practice of what was to them a religious principle. 
 A decision affirming the law's constitutionality was ren- 
 dered by the Supreme Court of the United States in Janu- 
 ary, 1879, and in March, 1882, and in March, 1887, Con- 
 gress supplemented it with the Edmunds law and the Ed- 
 munds-Tucker law, under which a rigorous anti-polygamy 
 crusade was carried on in Utah, Idaho and Arizona. Upon 
 the sufferings inflicted during that time of trouble no citi- 
 zen now loves to dwell. Polygamists and their families 
 were hunted by deputy-marshals and other minions of 
 the law with all the assiduity of sleuth-hounds. The 
 three territories were raked as with a sharp-toothed har- 
 row, and men and women agonized to an extent almost un- 
 bearable. One Utah citizen of repute was shot and killed 
 
 CASTLE GATE PRICE CANYON. 
 
 by an over-zealous deputy, and delicate women, fleeing 
 from arrest, often in the night time, died from terror, 
 exposure or exhaustion, or suffered injuries from which 
 they never recovered. The exchequer of the federal 
 courts was swollen to repletion with fines collected in 
 polygamous cases, and the penitentiaries were crowded 
 with convicts for conscience' sake; most of them 
 punished, not for marrying plural wives, but for living 
 with wives married prior to the enactment of the law un- 
 
 der which they were prosecuted. Thousands of reputable 
 citizens including nearly all the Mormon leaders were 
 driven into exile, and their settlements in Mexico and 
 Canada were greatly strengthened by emigrations from 
 
 Taylor, who had succeeded President Young at the head 
 of the Church, died in exile, July 25, 1887. 
 
 The administration of his successor, President Wilford 
 Woodruff, was signalized in September, 1890, by the is- 
 
 CRYSTAL GLEN OGDEN CANYON. 
 
 suance of the famous manifesto, discontinuing the practice 
 of plural marriage. An era of good feeling ensued. Mor- 
 mons and Gentiles affiliated socially and politically and 
 were friendly as never before. Local political lines were 
 obliterated, the old parties disbanded, and the citizens, re- 
 gardless of past prejudices and associations, divided on na- 
 tional party lines, mostly as Democrats and Republicans. 
 Presidents Harrison and Cleveland, in successive proclama- 
 tions, pardoned all polygamists, and the Mormon Church 
 
 BRIDAL VEIL FALLS PROVO CANYON. 
 
 property, amounting to nearly a million dollars, confiscat- 
 ed by the government during the progress of the crusade, 
 was restored by act of Congress to its rightful owner. Utah, 
 a territory since September 9, 1850, was on January 4, 1896, 
 
 Utah and Arizona during this period. President John admitted into the Union as a State. 
 
WILD BITS OF MOUNTAIN SrKMRY 
 HA* KlVIk CANYON. THE MOUTH OP ICHO CANYON. OGDRN CANYON. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 PRESIDENT JOSEPH F. SMITH. 
 
 THE PRESENT head of the Church of Jesus Christ of 
 Latter-Day Saints, is a nephew and name-sake of 
 Joseph Smith, the famous founder of that organiza- 
 tion, and a son of Hyrum Smith, the Patriarch of the Church 
 who fell with his brother the Prophet, pierced by the bullets 
 of assassins in Carthage jail. The subject of this story 
 was then between five and six years of age. He was born 
 at Far West, Missouri. November 13, 1838, in the midst 
 of the mob troubles that culminated in the expulsion of 
 the Mormon community from that State. His birth oc- 
 curred just eleven days after his mother had sustained 
 
 PRESIDENT JOSEPH F. ^M1TH. 
 
 a most painful parting from her husband, who, with other 
 Mormon leaders, at the surrender of their city, had been 
 betrayed into the hands of their enemies, by whom they 
 were court-martialed and sentenced to be shot. Through 
 the humane heroism of one of the Missourian officers, 
 (General Doniphan), who denounced the proposed deed as 
 cold-blooded murder, and threatened to withdraw his troops 
 from the scene, the sanguinary edict was rescinded; 
 but Hyrum Smith was still a prisoner, in the shadow 
 of death, when his infant son Joseph F. came into the 
 world. 
 
 And what a world, could those innocent eyes have 
 surveyed it at that moment! A father in prison for his 
 religion's sake; the mother prostrate in her humble cabin 
 home; on every side the glitter of hostile swords and bay- 
 onets, and far around the smoking, smouldering ruins of 
 ravaged fields and homesteads. Some of the mobbing 
 plunderers, while sacking the defenseless city, rudely 
 thrust themselves into the sick woman's presence, and in 
 their reckless search for articles of value, pulled a bed 
 to pieces, tossing the mattress upon another bed where 
 
 the babe lay sleeping. He was almost smothered when, 
 black in the face, he was rescued from his perilous posi- 
 tion. What wonder if some of the iron of those times 
 entered into the soul of that child, nursing from the breast 
 a wholesome hatred of mobs and tyranny that never has 
 been and never will be quenched! 
 
 In the exodus of the persecuted people from Missouri, 
 Joseph was taken by his mother, Mary Fielding Smith, 
 first to Quincy, Illinois, where the husband and father, 
 escaping from captivity, rejoined them, and afterwards to 
 Commerce. Hancock County, in that State, where the 
 Saints built their beautiful city of Nauvoo. There his 
 early boyhood was passed, and there he received his first 
 schooling. He well remembers his father, his uncle Jo- 
 seph, and the last time he looked upon them alive, at his 
 mother's home, just before they set out for Carthage to 
 surrender themselves into the power of those who had 
 decreed their destruction. He recalls, too, very vividly, 
 the funeral of the murdered twain, and the agony of 
 his Aunt Emma, who swooned at beholding the bullet- 
 pierced body of her husband. His mother's sorrow, though 
 deep, was not so demonstrative. 
 
 From their camp on the Iowa side of the Mississippi, 
 in September, 1846, the widow Smith and her family wit- 
 nessed the bombardment and defense of Nauvoo. where 
 a remnant of the Saints, after the beginning of the exodus 
 from Illinois, were besieged by an overwhelming mob 
 force, and after surreudering, were summarily expelled 
 from the city. At their camp the Smith family remained 
 just long enough to secure an outfit for the Westward 
 journey. The mother was not only brave and heroic; she 
 was a smart business woman, and soon had matters ar- 
 ranged. Herself driving one of the teams, her little son 
 riding a pony and bringing up the loose stock belonging to 
 the family and a few friends traveling with them, they 
 proceeded on to the Missouii River, where they remained 
 until the spring of 1848, and then migrated to Salt Lake 
 Valley, arriving here in September. 
 
 The family settled upon Mill Creek, a few miles south 
 of Salt Lake City, where they built a log cabin and went 
 to farming. There the widow resided until her death in 
 1852, and there Joseph lived with his brother and his 
 sisters until 1854, when he went upon his first mission as 
 an Elder of the Church. His life in Utah up to this time 
 had been that of the average Mormon boy; when not at 
 school, tilling the soil, tending stock, hauling wood from 
 the canyons and participating in all the toils and hardships 
 incident to pioneering the Western wilderness. The mis- 
 sion mentioned was to the Sandwich Islands. He was 
 gone nearly four years. Upon returning he took part in 
 the Echo Canyon war episode, and soon after held his first 
 civic office, that of sergeant-at-arms in the Territorial Leg- 
 islature. 
 
 In May, 1859, he married, and during the succeeding 
 summer fenced and farmed land west of the Jordan. From 
 the spring of 1860 until the fall of 1863 he was in Europe, 
 and part of the time was pastor over the Sheffield Dis- 
 trict of the British Mission. He likewise visited Scan- 
 dinavia. Returning across the Atlantic he narrowly es- 
 caped shipwreck from fogs and icebergs, but landed safe, 
 and in due time reached home. His next mission was his 
 second one to the Hawaiian Islands, whither he went in 
 1864 with Apostles Ezra T. Benson, Lorenzo Snow and 
 others, to put down an imposture that was preying upon 
 the credulity of the native Saints, to set in order Church 
 
i6 
 
 I I \!I THK INLAND 1 MP1RK 
 
 affairs and preach the Gospel. After the Apostles left, 
 he had charge of the Hawaiian Mission. Home again in 
 1865. he entered the employ of the Church as an assistant 
 to Its historian. Apostle George A. Smith, his kinsman. 
 
 Ordained to the Apostleship by President Brigham 
 Young In July, 1866, Joseph F. Smith became a member 
 of the Apostolic Council in October of the year following. 
 In 1874 and 1875 he was presiding over the Church in Eu- 
 rope. He was then given charge of the Davis Stake of 
 /.ion. until the spring of 1877, when he was again sent to 
 Liverpool to preside. Fiom this mission he was sum- 
 moned home in September of that year, owing to the death 
 of President Young. A year later he accompanied Apostle 
 Orson Pratt to the States, and wrote for publication the 
 incidents of their journey through scenes of early Mormon 
 history. 
 
 When the First Presidency, dissolved by the death 
 of President Young, was again organized In October. 1880, 
 Joseph F. Smith was chosen second counsellor to Presi- 
 dent John Taylor, which position he held until the death 
 of the latter in July. 1887, when he resumed his former 
 place In the quorum of the Twelve Apostles. In April, 
 1889. he was chosen second counsellor to President Wilford 
 Woodruff, and acted in that capacity until the latter's 
 death in September, 1898. Eleven days later he became 
 second counsellor to President Loren/.o Snow, officiating 
 as such until October, 1901, when he succeeded President 
 George Q. Cannon, deceased, as first counsellor: Apostle 
 Rudger Clawson being chosen the second. Four days later 
 occurred the death of President Snow, and on the 17th 
 of that month President Smith succeeded him as the head 
 of the Church, selecting Bishop John R. Winder and 
 Apostle Anthon H. I.und as his counsellors. 
 
 During the anti-polygamy crusade. President Smith, 
 in common with most of the Church leaders, spent much 
 of his time In exile, owing to the extreme bitterness that 
 
 liled. From October, 1884. to September. 1891. he 
 was not seen publicly In Utah, and was absent for a long 
 period In the Sandwich Islands. After the death ot 
 
 Taylor, whom he attended In exile during his last 
 moments, he visited the East and did much to prepare 
 ih. way for the changed conditions that have obtained In 
 I'tah since the Issuance of the manifesto suspending the 
 practice of polygamy. President Smith, who has several 
 families, was one of those who received amnesty from 
 President Harrison, September 10. 1891, the date of his de- 
 liverance from "the underground." 
 
 His rlvlc record comprises the offices of Territorial 
 legislator, city councilor and university regent. In all of 
 
 which he served repeatedly. As a member of the munici- 
 pal government he was the main mover in securing from 
 heirs of the late President Young Liberty Park and Pio- 
 Square for Salt Lake City. He was a house member 
 of the Legislature from 1865 to 1874 seven consecutive 
 terms and in 1882 was a member of the Legislative Coun- 
 cil, presiding over it at the latter session. He was also 
 president of the Constitutional Convention held the same 
 year. 
 
 In business President Smith is regarded as a safe and 
 careful financier. He has been prominent for many years 
 as a promoter of mercantile and industrial enterprises. He 
 assisted to organize Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Insti- 
 tution, of which he is now the head, and has been one of 
 its directors almost from the beginning. He is also pres- 
 ident of Zion's Savings Bank and Trust Company, and of 
 the State Bank of Utah, both of which he helped to organ- 
 i/.e. He was one of the originators of the Utah Sugar 
 Company, over which he presides. He is president of the 
 Consolidated Wagon and Machine Company, president of 
 the Utah Light and Power Company, and a director in sev- 
 eral other concerns. In the auxiliary organizations of the 
 Church he Is at the head of the Young Men's Mutual Im- 
 provement Association, the Deseret Sunday School Union, 
 the General Church Board of Education, and is editorially 
 connected with the "Improvement Era" and the "Juvenile 
 Instructor." As trustee-in-trust. he likewise controls the 
 Deseret Evening News, the official organ of the Church. 
 Among his numerous responsibilities is the presidency of 
 the Salt Lake Temple. 
 
 In person tall and commanding. President Smith is 
 cf powerful physique, and like his Prophet uncle, a natural 
 athlete. Intensely earnest, sensitive and high-spirited, a 
 foe to everything in the form of oppression, his strongest 
 traits of character are courage and integrity. He fears no 
 man. and would die before betraying a friend or sacrificing 
 1 is religious principles. He is a model husband and father, 
 anil his love for family and kindred Is proverbial. Hos- 
 pitable and sociable, he is fond of fun in due season, but 
 never allows it to Interfere with his duties. He is a good 
 writer and a wonderfully Impressive speaker. The latter 
 is his forte. Deliberate and slow of utterance until aroused, 
 his words then come with torrent like impetuosity, as the 
 roar < I the cataract and thunder-peal. Chaste in his life, 
 upright in his dealings, both for his revered ancestry and 
 his own Innate worth, aside from his exalted position, 
 he possesses, as few men have possessed, the love and 
 confidence of his people. 
 
 JOHN R. W1NDKR. 
 
 DISTIM'TIVKI.Y a business man. one of the First 
 Council of the Mormon Church, formerly Itlshop. 
 m.w President. John 11 Winder Is by birth an KIIK 
 lixhniiin. but has |iaed most of hi* long and useful life 
 in I tah and an a resident of Halt Ijike oty Ills parents. 
 Richard and Sophia Winder, were member* of the Church 
 of England, and wore residing at niddenden. In the County 
 of Kent, when their dlntliiKulKhed son was born. Decem- 
 her II. is^l He wait baptized, according to the rite* of 
 the KntahliHheil Church, ax an Infant, and at fourteen 
 yean of age was confirmed a member of the same under 
 the hand* of the Archblnhop of Canterbury. HP re. 
 but a limited education, a* he had to depend early In life 
 HP-HI his nwn exertions. 
 
 A leather and shoe man by vocation, at the age of 
 twenty he secured a situation In London at a fashionable 
 West End shoe store lie married en November 24, 1845. 
 and aliout two years later took up his residence in Liver 
 pool, where he had charge of a large establishment for a 
 iiiMit and shoe merchant named Colllnson. 
 
 Thcie. In July. 1X48, he first heard of Mormonlsm. The 
 manner In which it was brought to his notice was unique. 
 He picked up. one day In the store, a fragment of a torn- 
 up letter, on which were the words. "Latter-Day Saints." 
 Wondering what they meant, for he had never seen or 
 hoard the name before, he asked one of the clerks, and 
 was told that there was a Church In America of that name; 
 that they were also called "Mormons." that they had a 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 Prophet named Joseph Smith, and that a branch of the 
 Church held regular meetings in the Music Hall, Bold 
 Street, Liverpool. Curiosity impelled him to attend one 
 of these meetings, where he heard Elder Orson Spencer 
 discourse upon the first principles of the Gospel. He in- 
 vestigated the Mormon doctrines, became convinced of their 
 truth, and was baptized a Latter-Day Saint September 20, 
 1848. A few weeks later his wife followed him into the 
 Church. They were associated with the Liverpool branch 
 until February, 1853, when they left their native land and 
 sailed for America, their destination being Salt Lake City. 
 
 JOHN R. WINDER. 
 
 When about ten days out from Liverpool Mr. Winder 
 was taken down with smallpox, having caught it from a 
 child in the next apartment of the ship. He was the first 
 to discover the presence of the disease on board. Soon 
 four others were seized with it. The sick were all quar- 
 antined in a little house built on deck. Mrs. Winder was 
 thus left with three children, two of them twin babes, 
 to care for, without the assistance of her husband; which 
 was no small task on shipboard. Only one out of the five 
 cases proved fatal, though Mr. Winder, as he lay sick, 
 heard the sailors, who had just cast the dead body into 
 the sea, speculating upon and even predicting his early 
 demise. His own prophetic soul, however, told him that 
 he would recover and arrive safe "in Zion." Having re- 
 gained his health, he proceeded by way of New Orleans 
 and St. Louis to Keokuk, Iowa, where he joined a com- 
 pany of Latter-Day Saints bound for Utah. With them he 
 and his family crossed the plains, arriving at Salt Lake 
 City October 10, 1853. 
 
 He soon resumed business in the leather line, first 
 with Samuel Mulliner and afterwards with William Jen- 
 nings, conducting tanneries and manufacturing harness, 
 saddles, boots and shoes. Subsequently, while having as 
 his partners President Brigham Young and Feramorz Little 
 he built a tannery on Parley's Canyon Creek. About that 
 time he purchased his present home, Poplar Farm, in the 
 
 southern suburbs of Salt Lake, and began farming and 
 stock raising. In these pursuits he has always taken great 
 delight. 
 
 At an early day Mr. Winder became prominent as a 
 military man, joining the Nauvoo Legion in 1855. He was 
 a Captain of Lancers during the Echo Canyon campaign, 
 and after Johnston's army went into winter quarters at 
 Fort Bridger, when the militia mostly returned to their 
 homes, he was left with fifty men to guard the approaches 
 to Salt Lake Valley and sound the alarm of any new move- 
 ment on the part of the government troops. He was re- 
 lieved of vidette duty about Christmas time, but was soon 
 again in the saddle, raising eighty-five mounted men in 
 March, 1858, to assist in an Indian expedition through 
 Tooele Valley. Returning thence, he was again given charge 
 of the defenses in Echo Canyon, and remained there until 
 peace was declared. During the years 1865, 1866 and 1867 
 Captain Winder was engaged in the Black Hawk Indian 
 War in Sanpete County, part of the time as aid to General 
 Daniel H. Wells. In 1868 he collected and made up the 
 accounts of the expenses of that war, amounting to eleven 
 hundred thousand dollars, which claim was submitted to 
 Congress, but has never yet been paid. In the militia he 
 rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. 
 
 For fourteen consecutive years, beginning with 1870, 
 Mr. Winder was assessor and collector of Salt Lake City, 
 and while holding that position he served three terms in 
 the City Council, from 1872 to 1878. In 1884 he resigned 
 as assessor and collector and was appointed water-master, 
 holding that office until April, 1887, when he retired to en- 
 ter upon his labors as second counsellor to the Presiding 
 Bishop of the Church, William B. Preston. 
 
 In April, 1892, Bishop Winder was given special charge 
 of the work of completing the Salt Lake Temple, for ded- 
 ication a year later. This great work he pushed through 
 with his usual energy and dispatch, thus enabling the 
 General Authorities to dedicate the splendid edifice on the 
 fortieth anniversary of its commencement. He was a 
 liberal donor to the fund which met the heavy expenses 
 entailed, and at the opening of the Temple was made first 
 assistant to President Lorenzo Snow, who was given charge 
 of it. He still occupies the same position under President 
 Joseph F. Smith. Prior to his later appointments in the 
 Church, Mr. Winder held successively the offices of Sev- 
 enty, High Priest, Bishop's Counsellor and High Councilor 
 of the Salt Lake Stake of Zion. 
 
 In addition to these responsibilities have rested upon 
 him such trusts as United States gauger in the Internal 
 Revenue Department, the presidency for many years of the 
 Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society, and under 
 the old political regime the chairmanship for a long period 
 of the Territorial and County Central Committees of the 
 People's Party. He was also a member of one of the ear- 
 ly Constitutional Conventions. He was a director of the 
 Utah Iron Manufacturing Company, and is now a director 
 of the Utah and Ogden Sugar Companies, of Z. C. M. I., 
 the Deseret National Bank, the Deseret Savings Bank, 
 and Zion Savings Bank and Trust Company. He is pres- 
 ident of the Deseret Investment Company and vice-pres- 
 ident of the Union Light and Power Company. 
 
 Since the 17th of October, 1901, John R. Winder has 
 been one of the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus 
 Christ of Latter-Day Saints, having been chosen on that 
 date first counsellor to President Joseph F. Smith. At the 
 advanced age of eighty-one years he Is still in good health, 
 active 'in the performance of his many duties, and seems 
 to enjoy life as much as in the days of his youth and prime. 
 
i8 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 ANTHON H. LUN 7 D. 
 
 THE present Historian of the Mormon Church, who Is 
 also one of Its First Presidency .Is a native of Aalborg, 
 Denmark, where he was born May 15. 1844. He was 
 less than four years old when he lost his mother, who died 
 while his father was serving his country In the war be- 
 tween Denmark and Slesvlg-Holsteln. Anthon's grand- 
 mother, a woman of strong character and sterling qualities, 
 took his mother's place. After returning from the war in 
 1851, his father moved from Aalborg and desired to take 
 his son with him. but the boy pleaded to be left with his 
 grandmother. At the age of four he had been put to 
 school. Naturally Intellectual and quick to learn, he 
 made rapid progress. Reading became his favorite pastime. 
 
 ANTHON H. Ll'ND. 
 
 At seven he was sent to the city schools, where he gained 
 the first place at twelve. 
 
 Some five years before, one of his uncles had joined 
 the Church of .J-SIIH Christ of letter May Saints, and later 
 his grandmother became a member of the same body. This 
 iirmiKhi the boy Into contact with "the Mormons." Young 
 as he was. he can-fully read all their works, was convinced 
 of the truth of ihi-ir doctrines, and when twelve years of 
 age was baptized Into the Church. At thirteen he was 
 called to labor In the Aalhorg c..m.-ri-in . his duties I., mi: 
 to teach KtiKllxh to the- emigrating Saints, to distribute 
 tracts and assist the Elders In holding meetings. At six- 
 teen he was apis.intcd to preside over the Aalborg branch, 
 at that time one of the largest In Scandinavia; also to 
 act as Traveling Elder In five other branches. In these 
 positions be not only gained the love of the Saint*, but 
 was made a welcome guest at the homes of many outsiders. 
 
 At the age of eighteen Mr Lund, with his grandmother, 
 emigrated to I'lah. leaving Aalborg April 6. 1862. and sail- 
 ing from Hamburg on the jihlp "llenjamln Franklin." May 
 28 was the date of landing at New York, and September 
 
 23 the date of arrival at Salt Lake City. Anthon now 
 parted from hla grandmother, who Joined her son at Cedar 
 City, he himself preferring Sanpete as a place of resi- 
 dence, as he had many friends there. At Fairview he 
 worked at farm labor for three months, and then moved 
 to Mount Pleasant, where he engaged in various pursuits. 
 He was not idle a day. John Barton of that town having 
 offered him a home in his family if he would be a tutor 
 to his children, the young man accepte.1 the offer and con- 
 tinued to reside with the Bartons until he married. In 
 1864 he was a teamster to the Missouri River and back, 
 bringing emigrants to Utah; in the winter of 1864-5 he 
 taught school, and the next year clerked in a store. 
 
 In the fall of 1865 Ant lion H. Lund responded to a call 
 made by President Brigham Young for a certain number 
 of young men to come to Salt Lake City and study teleg- 
 raphy under the veteran operator John Clowes. Among 
 his fellow students were Moses Thatcher and John Henry 
 Smith. The call In question was issued in anticipation of 
 the establishment of the Deseret Telegraph Line, upon 
 which Mr. Lund In 1866 became a regular operator at Mt. 
 Pleasant. He continued as such for three years. In con- 
 nection with his telegraph office he conducted a photograph 
 gallery, and in 1868 to his other duties were added those 
 of secretary of the local co-operative institution. He was 
 also elected a member of the first City Council of that 
 place. 
 
 The 2nd of May, 187U, was Mr. Lund's wedding day. 
 He married Miss Sarah Ann Peterson, daughter of Bishop 
 Canute Peterson, of Ephraim, to which town he now re- 
 moved, not without many regrets for the severance of so- 
 cial and business ties at Mount Pleasant The year after 
 his marriage he went upon a mission to his native land, 
 accompanying his father-in-law, who was sent to preside 
 over the Church In Scandinavia. Mr. I.und was absent 
 about seventeen months, having charge of the Copenhagen 
 office of the European Mission, and would have remained 
 longer but for the serious illness of his wife, which caused 
 him to he summoned home. 
 
 After another winter at his favorite occupation of 
 M In <>l teaching, he took charge as head clerk of the 
 Ephralm co-operative store. He soon was made its su- 
 perintendent, and continued to be for ten years, during 
 which period It hecaine one of the best and soundest In- 
 stitutions of Its kind. The stock, which was down to 50 
 cents on the dollar when he took charge, paid the first 
 year 12% per cent., the second year 15 per cent., and for 
 many years thereafter 2."> per cent, in dividends. In 1883 
 came another mission to Kurn|-. here he succeeded Chris- 
 tian I). FJelsted as president of the Scandinavian mission. 
 He had previously been a High Councilor and the clerk of 
 Sanpete Stake, also superintendent of the Ephralm Sunday 
 Schools. He remained abroad until November, 1885. and 
 returned home to learn that he had been elected. In view 
 of his early release from his mission, a member of the 
 Territorial Legislature He served during the session 
 of 1886. and was returned In ixxx. when he Introduced in 
 the House of Hepi. , his dills for the establish- 
 
 ment r the |{.-f. UN School and the Agricultural College. 
 duth of which became law. 
 
 In INKS he was made Vice President of the Mantl Tem- 
 ple, and at the death of IU President. Daniel H. Wells. 
 In March. 1891. was chosen his successor. His call to the 
 Apostleshlp came In October. 1889. From 1893 to 1896 
 he presided over the Kuro|>ean Mission, and In 1897 visited 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 the Orient for the purpose of fully organizing the Turkish 
 Mission and looking out a suitable spot for the coloniza- 
 tion of native Latter-Day Saints in the Land of Palestine. 
 After due investigation it was decided to abandon the col- 
 onizing scheme, or defer its execution, owing to the in- 
 stability of the Turkish government and the insufficiency 
 of its guarantees. Apostle Lund, during his travels in the 
 Levant, became well acquainted with the country and its 
 conditions, knowledge which has proved of great value to 
 him. He returned home in June, 1898. 
 
 The close of the year 1899 brought with it his appoint- 
 ment to the responsible position of Church Historian, to 
 which he succeeded at the death of Franklin D. Richards; 
 also succeeding him as President of the State Genealogical 
 Society. He had previously been acting as Superintendent 
 of Religion Classes, and as one of the original members 
 of the General Church Board of Education; places held by 
 him at the present time. In October, 1901, he was chosen 
 second counsellor to President Joseph F. Smith, by virtue 
 of which appointment he became one of the First Presi- 
 dency of the Church. 
 
 President Lund, though not mainly a business man, 
 is an able man of affairs, as his past successes show. 
 He is a director of Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Insti- 
 tution, of Zion's Savings Bank and Trust Company, of the 
 Saltair Beach Company and of various other concerns. 
 His most decided leanings are literary, and had not his 
 education been suspended in childhood by his early call 
 into the ministry, he might have shone as a linguist and 
 a man of letters. As it is he has had editorial experience, 
 first upon three papers simultaneously at Copenhagen, and 
 afterwards upon the "Millennial Star" at Liverpool. As 
 Church Historian he with his assistants is now engaged in 
 the important task of preparing for publication the His- 
 tory of the Church, the first volume of which has already 
 been issued. He is a man of general intelligence, noted 
 for the clearness of his views and the soundness of his 
 judgment; while the purity of his life, the uprightness of 
 his character, with the mildness, magnanimity and sweet 
 charitableness of his disposition, make him beloved where- 
 ever known and render him popular with all his associates. 
 
 REED SMOOT. 
 
 IT WILL not be disputed that the mingling of 
 Caucasian nationalities by intermarriage has a 
 
 tendency to improve and regenerate, and that the 
 highest type of white man is the composite type, 
 blending in one lineage the best qualities of many. 
 The worlU .lominating Anglo-Saxon, with his points 
 of physical, mental, moral and spiritual excellence, 
 is a result of race amalgamation a mixture of Celt, 
 Briton, Saxon, Norman and Dane; the typical American is 
 the joint product of the best and most enlightened peoples 
 on earth; and history is but repeating itself in creating the 
 typical son of Utah, by a union of forces and powers sure 
 to make for the general betterment of mankind. 
 
 Reed Smoot is a typical son of Utah, of all States In 
 the Union the one which has done most to fulfill the an- 
 cient forecast of gathering her sons from far and her 
 daughters from the ends of the earth. He descends from 
 two great races, both composite in character, both famous 
 for their sterling qualities and the inestimable service 
 they have rendered civilization. His father was of the 
 Anglo-Saxon stock that peopled the eastern shores of North 
 America and founded the mightiest of human governments; 
 while his mother was of a lineage more ancient still, her 
 ancestors being the adventurous Norsemen, the first Eu- 
 ropean discoverers of this continent. Abraham Owen 
 Smoot, a power in the founding of Utah, and a social and 
 financial pillar of the commonwealth as long as he lived, 
 was born in the State of Kentucky; and Anna Kerstina 
 Morrison Smoot was a native of Brekka, Norway. Both 
 were of heroic mould and mettle, and their distinguished 
 son inherits many of their noblest qualities. 
 
 In person Mr. Smoot is tall and well proportioned, 
 though his unusual stature makes him appear almost slen- 
 der in frame. He moves with the rapid, energetic stride 
 characteristic of the rustling business man; and business 
 man he is emphatically. Punctuality itself, always keep- 
 ing his appointments, he is a stern critic of men who waste 
 other men's time by failing to promptly keep theirs. He 
 possesses a fearless candor, but is prudent, respectful, 
 courteous and considerate. While not destined to shine 
 as an orator or a writer, he expresses himself well both 
 by tongue and pen. His genius is practical and progres- 
 
 sive. As a financier and an executive his talents are of 
 the first order. 
 
 APOSTLE REED SMOOT. 
 
 A native of Salt Lake City, where he was born Jan- 
 uary 10, 1802 about midway of his father's twelve years 
 period of Mayoralty he was but ten years old when he 
 removed with his parents to Provo, where his father was 
 also Mayor, and simultaneously President of the Utah 
 Stake of Zion. There he has ever since resided. He sup- 
 plemented the training received in the ward schools of 
 Salt Lake City, by attendance at the Timpanogas branch 
 of the University of Deseret. an institution succeeded by 
 
2O 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 the Brigbam Young Academy, which owes Its existence to 
 three men: Brigham Young. Abraham Owen Smoot and 
 Karl G. Maeser. Reed was one of twenty-nine students 
 with which the Academy, in April, 1876, began its flrst 
 term. Passing through all the higher branches then taught 
 at the institution, he was at one time the only student in 
 its academic department, from which he was graduated 
 in 1879. 
 
 From a boy he had determined to be a financier and 
 a commercial pillar in the community. All his instincts 
 and inclinations were that way, and as scon as he was old 
 enough to form a plan, to mark out a career, that was the 
 end at which he aimed. He inherited from both parents 
 financial tact, business acumen and executive ability, along 
 with that industrious nature and continuity of purpose 
 which are the main secrets of every man's success. Having 
 such an ambition, he studied, while at school, principally 
 along commercial lines, and at intervals, mainly during 
 vacations, worked in the Provo Woolen Mills, of which his 
 father was the founder during the year of Reed's removal 
 to Provo. He worked in every department, thereby ob- 
 taining a practical insight into manufacture. Upon enter- 
 Ing the mills this lad of fourteen or fifteen formed the 
 characteristic resolve of one day becoming their manager; 
 an ambition realized some years later. 
 
 His first position after leaving school was a humble 
 one in the Provo Co-operative Institution, the first store 
 of Its kind established under the impetus of the great co- 
 operative movement projected by President Brigham Young 
 In 1868. Beginning at the bottom of the ladder, he went 
 to work sacking fruit, sorting potatoes and doing other odd 
 Jobs about the place. His father, entering the store one 
 day. said jokingly to the superintendent, R. C. Kirkwood, 
 "I see you have Ueed here, but I guess he won't stay with 
 you very long." Reed overheard the remark, and though 
 it was not unkindly meant, It caused the youthful sacker 
 of potatoes to set his teeth doggedly and inwardly deter- 
 mine, "I'll stay here till I am superintendent of this in- 
 stitution." In less than eighteen months the prediction 
 was fulfilled. In September. 1880. he became superinten- 
 dent of the "Provo Co-op," and remained such until April, 
 1884, when he was made manager of the Provo Woolen 
 Mills, thus realizing his previous resolve. Between these 
 appointments two calls came to the mission field, but both 
 were rescinded by the Church authorities, as his services 
 were needed at home. Simultaneously with the second re- 
 lease he was given a five years' mission as manager of the 
 Woolen Mills. 
 
 Reed Smoot's first personal business venture was the 
 pun-hase. with N. C. Larsen, In December, 1883. of the 
 drug department of the Provo Cooperative Institution. A 
 year later he bought his partner's half Interest and became 
 sole owner of the successful business now conducted under 
 the name of the Smoot Drug Company. He next went Into 
 the sheep business, at which he made more money than 
 at anything else, and was also lucky In real estate deals, 
 especially at the time of "the boom" (1888-9), which favored 
 H<> few and ruined so many. 
 
 Up to this time, barring a brief trip with his father to 
 the Sandwich Islands (May to July. 1880). he had never 
 I'-ft his native land, though he had vlitlted on business 
 nearly every State In the Union. In the fall of 1890 he 
 wiii n|Kin a mission to K'mi|..-. lalmriiiK principally while 
 abroad as bookkeeper and emigration rl<>rk at the letter- 
 Day Saints' office In Liverpool. While there he became well 
 acquainted with the leading officials of the Oulon Steam- 
 nhlp l.ln.-. which for many years handled the bulk of the 
 Mormon emigration from that port. He was a great fa- 
 
 vorite with Manager George Ramsden. Mr. John A. 
 Marsh, the head man of the Guion Company, appointed 
 him his agent as a passage broker, which position, though 
 it brought no salary, was of advantage to the emigratlonal 
 interests of the Church. While he was acting in this ca- 
 pacity the change was made by which Mormon emigrants 
 were provided with intermediate, in lieu of the usual steer- 
 age passage across the Atlantic. Before returning to Amer- 
 ica he visited various parts of Great Britain, and toured 
 the Continent, passing through Belgium, Holland, Germany, 
 Switzerland, Italy and France. 
 
 Summoned home by the serious Illness of his father. Reed 
 assisted him for a short time after his arrival (October 1, 
 1891), as manager of the Provo Lumber Manufacturing 
 and Building Company, one of the industries established 
 by President Smoct; and the next spring he resumed his 
 former position as manager of the Woolen Mills. He 
 now launched out in business more extensively than 
 ever. He was the main promoter of the Provo Commercial 
 and Savings Bank, and its flrst President, which position, 
 with that of manager of the Woolen Mills, he still holds. 
 He also engaged in mining, built several business blocks, 
 and became a director in various important concerns. 
 He was one of the original incorporates of the famous 
 Grand Central mine, and became VIce-President of that 
 and the Victoria Mining Companies. From March, 1894, 
 until the advent of Statehood, he served, by appointment 
 of Governor Caleb W. West, as a director of the Territorial 
 Asylum for the Insane; and after Utah entered the Union, 
 was appointed by Governor Heber M. Wells a member of 
 the Semi-Centennlal Commission, which conducted so suc- 
 cessfully the great Pioneer Jubilee. 
 
 Two years prior to that event, in April. 1805, he had 
 been appointed second counselor to Edward Partridge, 
 who had succeeded Reed's father (deceased) as President 
 of Utah Stake. He served in that capacity until called 
 to the Apostleship. five years later. While a member of 
 the Utah Stake Presidency, he secured the means, by dona- 
 tion from the people of the Stake, that paid off the debt 
 then hanging over the unfinished Stake Tabernacle, which 
 was completed through his labors In a similar direction. 
 He also solicited subscriptions for. and was the main In- 
 strument in, the erection of the new College Hall, an ad- 
 junct to his alma mater, the Academy. Of this now flour- 
 ishing Institution, an account of whose heroic struggles 
 for life would flll a volume, he Is one of the Board of Trus- 
 tees and a member of the Executive Committee. 
 
 It can be truly sai.l of Reed Smoot that he never sought 
 ecclesiastical preferment, and up to within a very short 
 time, never cherished a political ambition. He has worked 
 honestly and faithfully at whatever he had In hand in- 
 dustry and continuity being bis watchwords, recognized 
 by him even while a boy as keys to prosperity and success 
 and his talents and labors alone have recommended him 
 for promotion. This accounts for the general fooling of 
 satisfaction manifested by the vast multitude assembled 
 In General Conference. Sunday afternoon. April 8. 1900. 
 when his name was presented to the congregation, which 
 voted iimiiiiiiiouslv. heart and hand, to sustain him as one 
 of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of 
 I.atter-Day Saints. Apostle Smoot has been a married 
 man since September 17. 1884. when he wedded Miss Alpha 
 M. Mldredge. daughter of General Horace S. Eldredge. one 
 of Utah's leading commercial men. and In his Church one 
 of the First Seven Presidents of Seventies. Six children 
 have blessed their union, which has been a happy one. 
 In politics Mr. Smoot Is a staunch Republican, and has 
 f inly announced his candidacy for the United States 
 Senate. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 21 
 
 WILLIAM BOWKER PRESTON. 
 
 IN HIS search for data the historian of the West finds 
 cause for felicitation in the fact that, of the old pio- 
 neers whose careers have been most closely inter- 
 woven with the growth of civilization, so many are still 
 living and enjoying the vigorous manhood which so well 
 befits the dauntless spirit which won them places in his- 
 tory. In presenting the following brief biography, the 
 writer finds no less pleasure in the fact that its subject 
 has attained honor and prominence in the commonwealth 
 he has helped to build. 
 
 William Bowker Preston is a native of Franklin coun- 
 ty, Virginia, where he was born, November 24, 1830. He 
 received his education in the public schools of the day, 
 and spent his time as did most lads of the early part of 
 the century, his father being a well-to-do farmer and 
 
 Valley, where for many years he was engaged in actively 
 colonizing the fertile country tributary to Logan. He was 
 one of the original founders of that prosperous little city, 
 in the spring of 1860. Two years later he was elected to 
 the legislature and served to the satisfaction of his con- 
 stituents. He has been an extensive traveler in this and 
 foreign countries and has acquired a fund of knowledge 
 that is almost inexhaustible. 
 
 In 1869, during the building of the Union Pacific Rail- 
 road, he was a sub-contractor, under Brigham Young, in 
 Echo Canon, and was thus engaged until the completion 
 of the road, in '69. He again served in the legislature in 
 '76, '78, '80 and '82. In 1871 the Utah and Northern Rail- 
 road was projected. In this Bishop Preston was one of 
 the leading spirits, and under the advice and direction of 
 
 BISHOP WILLIAM BOWKKR PRKSTON. 
 
 planter in Virginia. Up to the age of nineteen young Pres- 
 ton assisted his father upon the farm, when, being an am- 
 bitious youth, he determined to enter mercantile pur- 
 suits. He secured employment as clerk in a store in the 
 vicinity of his home, where he remained some time, later 
 moving to Lynchburg, where he continued clerking until 
 attaining his majority, in 1852. 
 
 The wondrous tales of gold from California were at 
 that time attracting the attention of the entire country, 
 and thither young Preston made his way, having a desire 
 for travel and seeing the cosmopolitan throngs that were 
 flocking to California, arriving there at the age of twenty- 
 two. He became impressed with the fertility of the Cali- 
 fornia soil, and engaged in ranching and stock-raising in 
 Yola county, where for the ensuing five years he met 
 with gratifying success. In that year, however, in company 
 with other Californians, neighbors of his, he came to Utah, 
 arriving here on New Year's Day, 1853, after having crossed 
 the desert from Southern California. He settled in Cache 
 
 President Young, perhaps did more than any one else 
 in uniting the people of Cache Valley, upon the completion 
 of the project. He also discharged the duties of Vice-Pres- 
 ident and Superintendent of the road until it was sold to 
 the Union Pacific. 
 
 William B. Preston has ever been active in the best 
 inteiests of the community in which he lives, and has 
 held many positions of honor and trust in the Church. 
 He was called to the present high position he occupies 
 by the death of Presiding Bishop Edward Hunter, the 
 general conference of April 6, 1884, conferring the honor 
 upon him. The career of Bishop Preston has been the 
 career of a man who has the faculty to avoid mistakes, 
 the attributes of character which not only proclaim 
 him a man in whose hands private affairs are safe, but, 
 as well, a fit custodian of the interests of a community 
 and of a state. It is this which has called him from private 
 life into the position he now holds, and given to the people 
 of Utah an able and trusted servant 
 
22 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 HEBER M. WELLS. 
 
 B 
 
 Y INSTINCT and education Heber M. Wells, who two 
 years ago was elected to succeed himself as Governor 
 of Utah, is first of all a thoroughgoing American in 
 
 t.U\ KKNOK HHI. K M. U t I I - 
 
 every fibre of his body. In years. Mr. Wells Is In the zenith 
 of a young manhood, having been born In Salt Lake City on 
 
 All of his Interests and ventures from earliest boy- 
 hood until the present time have been centered in Utah 
 and he has been one of Utah's most prominent citizens for 
 years. From 1882 to 1890 he served as recorder of Salt 
 Lake City. He has served two years as a member of the 
 Board of Public Works of Salt Lake City ; was Secretary 
 of the Constitutional Convention of 1887, and was a mem- 
 ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1895, which framed 
 the Constitution of the State of Utah. He was the Republi- 
 can nominee for Mayor of Salt Lake City in 1892, but was 
 defeated by R. N. Baskin, the Liberal candidate. He has 
 served the people of Utah as Governor for seven years 
 with satisfaction to all classes and was renominated for 
 that high office by acclamation, a distinction that comes 
 to but few men. 
 
 Heber M. Wells is a recognized leader among men, a 
 man who has been eminently successful in whatever enter- 
 prise has enlisted his energies. In his private life and 
 among friends and acquaintances he is universally ad- 
 mired and respected for his sterling worth and good fellow- 
 ship. He has given liberally of his substance and best 
 thought toward party success, and is ever in the front 
 ranks caampioning Republican principles, a love of which 
 he inherited from his distinguished father, Hon. Daniel 
 H. Wells. The latter Is generally known among the people 
 of Utah as the "Father of Republicanism," throughout the 
 state. By observation and experience he has been taught 
 that the perpetuation of American principles and ideas lies 
 in our free public school system, and as such he is its 
 warm supporter and advocate. He is a staunch friend of 
 law and order, and while recognizing the cause of orga- 
 nized labor, he is opposed to all unlawful methods and 
 violence In seeking to redress real or imaginary wrongs. 
 He Is a firm believer In the greatest individual liberty on 
 all matters pertaining to religion and politics; he believes 
 in the doctrine of protection to American industries; is 
 an ardent supporter of home industry and desires to see 
 the resources of Utah developed to their highest possi- 
 
 CITV AND COUNTY l'll.l>IV. 
 
 the llth day of Annual. 1859. Hit education was obtained 
 In the public RchcHiln of Salt Lake City and the University 
 of Utah. 
 
 i.lliilrH. and, above all. his loyalty and patriotism to the 
 principles of our forefather!), who founded this govern- 
 ment, can never be questioned. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 THOMAS R. CUTLER. 
 
 THIRTY-EIGHT years ago there arrived at Salt Lake 
 City, as a convert to Mormonism and an im- 
 migrant to the latter-day Zion, a young Eng- 
 lishman a little over twenty years of age, who, 
 trained as a mercantile clerk in his native land, 
 had driven an ox-team across the plains and moun- 
 tains to Utah. As if to emphasize the irony of the 
 situation, which demanded of our early settlers, whatever 
 their predilections and past experiences, that they adapt 
 themselves to their primitive surroundings and become 
 "all things to all men," his first employment in his new home 
 was "digging carrots on shares," in order to supply him- 
 self, directly or indirectly, with means of subsistence dur- 
 ing the approaching winter. Fortunately for himself and 
 for those partly dependent upon him, this youth pos- 
 
 BISHOP THOMAS R. CUTLER. 
 
 sessed to a remarkable degree those powers of adaptability 
 which, in a country such as this was, constituted one of 
 the surest passports to success, and indeed has ever been 
 a most prominent factor in the expansion and development 
 of the great West. Added to this quality was a natural 
 inclination to industry, combined with business tact and 
 strong tenacity of puipose; and to these gifts, supplement- 
 ed by honorable and upright dealing, this man, now in 
 the prime of life, owes his present social and financial 
 standing. 
 
 Thomas Robinson Cutler, vice-president and mana- 
 ger of the Utah Sugar Company, and a pillar of strength 
 in various other prosperous business concerns, was born 
 in Sheffield. England, June 2, 1844. It may be noted as 
 a double coincidence that his father, John Cutler, was a 
 cutler by trade in that famed center of English industry 
 where cutlers "most do congregate." The boy derived 
 his middle name from his mother, Elizabeth Robinson Cut- 
 
 ler, the amiable, faithful and devoted companion of his 
 equally worthy father. Thomas received an ordinary 
 education, and at the age of fifteen, ambitious to be self- 
 sustaining, and these tendencies being to a commercial 
 life, he entered the employ of a large wholesale and for- 
 eign mercantile house, that of S. and J. Watts & Co., Man- 
 chester. There he remained until March, 1864, when, the 
 family having become Latter-Day Saints, he severed his 
 connection with the concern in order to accompany his 
 parents to Utah. He was one of four brothers who emi- 
 grated at that time, three of whom are still living and 
 are prominent in Utah business circles. Two sisters com- 
 pleted the family party, which, sailing from Liverpool in 
 April of that year, safely accomplished the ocean voyage 
 and overland journey and arrived at Salt Lake City on 
 the 6th of October. 
 
 As soon as practicable after his arrival Mr. Cutler 
 again turned his attention to commercial pursuits, and 
 in the year 1865, having settled in Utah County, he be- 
 came an employe of the T. and W. Taylor Mercantile Com- 
 pany of Lehi, where he has ever since resided. He re- 
 mained with the Taylors for several years, and then en- 
 gaged in the cattle and sheep business and other pursuits. 
 Two or three years later, in April, 1872, he organized the 
 People's Co-operative Institution of Lehi, a successful 
 business house, which has never failed to pay dividends 
 from the day of its organization. He is still the president 
 of that prosperous institution, and acted as its manager 
 until the year 1889, when he accepted the management of 
 the Utah Sugar Company, whose phenomenal success has 
 been largely due to his rare business sagacity and inde- 
 fatigable labors in its behalf. In the year 1899 he organized 
 the Lehi Commercial and Savings Bank, of which he is 
 still a director. He is also a director of the Provo Woolen 
 Mills, the most successful enterprise of its kind yet es- 
 tablished in Utah, and is connected in a similar capacity 
 with the Cutler Brothers Company of Salt Lake City. He 
 has also engaged to some extent in mining. He is a mar- 
 ried man, with a large and interesting family, and since 
 September 5, 1879, has held the highest ecclesiastical po- 
 sition in the Lehi Ward, that of Bishop. While not a pro- 
 fesional politician, he has been active in the interests of 
 the Republican party in Utah, and has been prominently 
 connected with the Lehi city government. 
 
 Bishop Cutler is a natural financier, instinctively a busi- 
 ness man, of quick and far-reaching calculation. As a re- 
 sult he is well-to-do. He would be wealthy if he was less 
 generous and sympathetic, his disposition in that direction 
 amounting almost to a fault; if such qualities can be called 
 faults. His heart is ever open and his hand ever ready to 
 help the unfortunate. Always a faithful and conscientious 
 employee, as an overseer and director of men he shines 
 conspicuously. He is a good judge of character, his sys- 
 tem and discipline are thorough, and his industry pro- 
 verbial. He will work night and day when necessary 
 to promote the interests of any cause with which he 
 may be identified. Though never robust, he has always 
 been energetic, and at the age of fifty-eight is still in 
 sound health, and "on the up-grade" physically as well 
 as mentally, thanks to the open-air employment required 
 by his general oversight of the beet-growing, sugar-making 
 industry with which he is connected. In spite of his 
 great activity, Mr. Cutler is of a modest, retiring nature, 
 and is an amiable, affable gentleman, much esteemed 
 throughout the community. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND I Ml'IRI. 
 
 l.'/RA THOMPSON. 
 
 NOWHERE tn the world can man make his way 
 upward from the humble walks of life to 
 places of honor and emolument like he can 
 tn the West. Time and again It has been shown 
 that the boy whose earlier days were marked with 
 struggles and privation has been able to carve his name 
 higher upon the tablet of fame than the one who was 
 nursed and cradled In the lap of ease and luxury. This 
 Is not only true of the West, but of the East and elsewhere 
 as well. But the opportunity to rise has been greater in 
 the hitherto undeveloped West than elsewhere. And after 
 
 any such thoughts they were focused on the future. He did 
 not expect that he would be able to get rich all at once, 
 nor did he anticipate that he could accumulate wealth with- 
 out the application of the energy with which he was en- 
 dowed. He was willing to take the path that led to ultimate 
 success even though it took hard work, close figuring and 
 long years to traverse It. 
 
 Park City in those days was coming to the front as the 
 producer of the precious minerals. It was sending a veri- 
 table stream of silver Into the pockets of its fortunate 
 owners. The camp being without the necessary railroad 
 
 
 I 
 
 MAVOK K/.KA I H<'\ll'-i>v 
 
 all It IB opportunity that tests and makes the man. That 
 opportunity may come suddenly and unexpectedly or It 
 may paM slowly by and be of a duration more or less pro- 
 tracted. In either event It requires a mind of tenacity 
 to grasp and cling to It until carried along to success. 
 
 Such a mind had Ezra Thompson. When a young man 
 be observed the opening and development of the mines 
 of Utah. More than that, he saw the streams of metallic 
 wealth that commenced to flow Into trade channels. Mi- 
 know that there wan not an nim-h money hero an then- 
 should be. He knew, too, that he was one of those who 
 did not have the quota that would enable him to take the 
 place In the business world that he would like to oc> npy 
 But In the new Industry he saw what to him was an oppor- 
 tunity. He had no capital aside from the native pluck 
 that has characterized his career, and therefore did imi 
 attempt to become a mine owner all at once. If he had 
 
 facilities required a van I amount of team and wagon freight- 
 Ing. And It was there that K/.ra Thompson concluded to 
 take the chance that many another man had permitted to 
 pass, and that some selr.ed only to find that they hail made 
 a mistake.. Not so with him. He understood men thor- 
 oughly, and knew how to handle them. Not a man In the 
 district was a l>eii"r judge O f horses or a more shrewd 
 buyer of them than he. CiinHei|iiently Ire made money out 
 ( f Hi.- ore- hauling business. He kept at It and made more 
 inoiiiA Iliri Ire dlil not go Into wild cat uncertainties and 
 - h in.'* with It. When he Invested It was with the knowl- 
 edge that every dollar pnl In would bring him more than 
 Its equivalent. That Is a good while ago, but It Is a rule 
 of his life and the principal key to the continued SIK-CCRB 
 he has enjoyed. 
 
 The flrst mining property with which he was connected 
 In an ownership way was the old Northland and Nevada. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 which joined fortune with the Silver King to eventually be 
 absorbed by the latter company. Mr. Thompson is today 
 one of the greatly favored few who have substantial hold- 
 ings in this famous bonanza. But like the other owners of 
 this great mine, he puts his dividends into Utah property; 
 and like them he has the utmost confidence in the state's 
 future. He is also interested in another money-making 
 property in Park City. In fact, he is one of its principal 
 stockholders, as well as being a director in it. This is 
 the Daly- West, now pouring out its millions into the treas- 
 ure boxes of its fortunate owners. In October, this year, 
 Mr. Thompson, with associates, organized the Thompson 
 
 Thompson was born in this city. The fact that he first 
 beheld the light on July 17, 1850, presupposes the fact that 
 he was of pioneer parentage. It was in Salt Lake that he 
 spent the most of his boyhood days and it was here that 
 he obtained his education in the district schools. It was 
 while living here that he saw the possibilities that Park 
 City offered, and thither he went. While he lived there he 
 was recognized as a solid citizen, and took some little in- 
 terest in politics, serving two terms in the City Council. 
 Upon returning to Salt Lake, he was induced by his friends 
 to enter the arena. He was very reluctant to do so but 
 being persuaded, he soon proved that he could be success- 
 
 ', *< 
 
 RESIDENCE OK MAYOR EZRA THOMPSON. 
 
 Mining Company. The company owns 50 acres of patented 
 ground in the famous Park City district, adjoining such 
 well known dividend payeis as the Quincy, Little Bell, 
 J. I. C. and the Daly-Judge. The company was capitalized 
 for $500,000 at $1 per share, with the following gen- 
 tlemen upon its directorate: Ezra Thompson, president 
 and manager; J. C. Lynch, a director; W. S. McCornick 
 and J. D. Murdock, also directors, who. with Hon. A. L. 
 Thomas, complete the list. In addition to his Park City 
 holdings Mayor Thompson has valuable interests on the 
 west of the Wasatch range in the region of the Cotton- 
 woods, and is among those who believe that there is much 
 wealth there. 
 
 Although a resident of Park City for many years Mr. 
 
 fill in politics as well as in business. He is now serving 
 his second term as mayor of Salt Lake. In each case he 
 was elected by a big majority over a strong opponent. His 
 administration has been over a period fraught with grave 
 public difficulties, but his careful regard for the trust im- 
 posed upon him has caused him to steer the municipal ship 
 over the breakers without being subjected to extreme dan- 
 ger. Mayor Thompson's interest in the affairs of Salt Lake 
 City is but natural, as he is the owner of valuable busi- 
 ness and city property in it himself. His first term 're- 
 flected marked credit upon his administrative judgment 
 and ability. His second will do the same, for he not only 
 represents the political party that elected him. but the 
 whole public, as he is the mayor of the people. 
 
26 
 
 UTAH THF. INLAND LMPIRK 
 
 WILLIAM S. McCORNICK. 
 
 THKKE Is an element of character In some men which 
 Impels them to success, not through the blunders of 
 fortune or the possession of means, but through the 
 commanding virtues judgment, perseverance, honor. The 
 West has been a rich field of opportunities for such men. 
 and It Is not surprising that we find them so conspicuous 
 among those who have reaped a harvest of gold In this In- 
 land Empire Utah. Among those who may be enrolled un- 
 der this head. Hon. W. 8. McCornlck stands foremost and 
 
 when reports of the famous Comstock lode and the won- 
 derful strikes In Nevada mines reached his ears, Mr. 
 McCornick decided to migrate to the new Mecca, and. 
 accordingly, the same year found him a resident of Ne- 
 vada, where be became actively engaged in mining 
 and lumbering, devoting most of the time to his lumber 
 Interests. After years of successful work in mining 
 ami lumbering, during which he acquired the foun- 
 dation for his present fortune, and operated in Virginia 
 
 wil I I XM -. M inMt k. 
 
 pre-eminent, and as such Is no less worthy of presentation 
 M one among the state's most energetic and progressive 
 mra of affairs. 
 
 William 8. MrCornlrk owes his nativity to Canada, 
 having been born in the province of Ontario. HIM parly 
 boyhood days were spent with his parents upon the farm, 
 and re divided between the duties of most lads of the 
 day and puiult of the elementary studies now taught In 
 the grammar grade*. He was an ambitious youth, and. 
 when a mere boy. determined to go forth Into the world 
 for hlmwlf and hew out In. f.,itui>. Yi. Ming to the 
 overwhelming Impulse, be l-ft home at the age of 22. 
 and dirwieii bin nil-pit in the (.olden Went, at that time 
 the Merra of all ambitious youths of the day. Arriving 
 In California, afior many and varied experlencM ra route, 
 yoang MrCornlrk at once engaged In ranching, which or- 
 rnpaikit) be followed for the ensuing two years. In 1M2. 
 
 y Austin. Hamilton. H- liimiit and most of the principal 
 mining ramps of the state, he removed to Salt 1-ake City In 
 1873. 
 
 Mr. M rornicK has lx<en a resident of Salt Lake City 
 for nearly thirty yearn, and the banking Institution which 
 he Mtabllshed In 1x7:1 under the head of McCornlck ft Co. 
 has grown from a small beginning to the proud distinction 
 "I lii-tnu the lance*! private bankliiK house between the 
 Missouri Hlver and the I'arinc Coast. The handsome 
 and Imposing seven-story gray stone luilldlng in which the 
 bank ha* been located for the past ten years, stands as a 
 nintiiimrat to Its enterprise and |>rogreMlvene*s. The 
 i-Ktlmatliin and confidence in which the bank Is held In 
 I'tah. Idaho. Nevada and adjacent states are reflected In 
 the deposits, which aggregate the ennrmoim sum of $5.000.- 
 000.00. This trust has never been betrayed, and In 1893, 
 when a spirit of Insecurity pervaded financial circles 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 27 
 
 throughout the country, the banking house of McCornick 
 & Company of Salt Lake City stood intact, meeting all 
 claims as they were presented and demonstrating that no 
 crisis or disaster can endanger the interests of which this 
 venerable and stable institution is the custodian. 
 
 Mr. McCornick had been in Utah for nearly ten years 
 before he became actively engaged in mining operations. 
 Since 1887 he has devoted much of his time and capital 
 to the development of the immense mining interests of this 
 state. He is associated with many of the best known and 
 most successful mining men of the West in such properties 
 as the famous Silver King, the marvel of the mining world, 
 the Daly and the Daly-West, mines the tale of whose wealth 
 is told in millions, the Centennial-Eureka, and the Grand 
 Central, another Utah property of prominence. Outside of 
 the state he is a heavy holder of the stock of the celebrated 
 Tom Boy mine cf Telluride, Colorado, whose fame has 
 girdled the globe. He is also associated in numerous other 
 mining deals, of lesser importance, situated in nearly 
 every mining locality of Utah, Idaho and Nevada. The 
 American Smelting and Refining Company's stock has 
 proven an attraction for him, and he is heavily interested 
 in the great corporation, and has been largely influential 
 in bringing about the expenditure of the vast sums recently 
 made by the management of that organization, in improve- 
 ments in their plants located in this state. He is also a 
 director and stockholder in the Bingham Consolidated 
 Smelting and Refining Company. 
 
 Had Mr. McCornick done no more than to give the 
 state a stable financial institution, his services would have 
 been inestimable, but he has fostered enterprises moie far- 
 reaching in their effect upon the growth and prosperity of 
 Utah. In connection with Senator W. A. Clark and other 
 prominent capitalists, he is devoting much time to the 
 completion of the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake 
 Railroad, work upon which is progressing most satisfac- 
 torily. He is a stockholder and a director in the affairs 
 of the company, and has great confidence in the benefits 
 which Southern California and Utah will derive from the 
 completion and operation of this short line. He was one of 
 the organizers of the Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Com- 
 pany, which has placed Salt Lake City within speaking 
 distance of the East and the West, and is the treasurer 
 of this company at the present time. He was also one 
 of the organizers and president of the Gold Belt Water 
 Company, which supplies water to the mines and town of 
 Mercur. Cattle interests of the state have not been neg- 
 lected, and we find him the president of the Raft River 
 Land and Cattle Company, with immense holdings and 
 herds in the state of Idaho. In addition to being the head 
 of the great Salt Lake City Banking House which bears 
 his name, he is president of the First National Bank at 
 Logan, Utah, vice-president of the First National Bank of 
 Nephi, Utah, a director and stockholder of the First 
 National Bank of Park City, a director and stockholder In 
 the Bannock National Bank, Pocatello, Idaho, the president 
 of the Utah Savings and Trust Company of this city, and 
 
 treasurer and a director of the great Silver King Mining 
 Company, also occupying a similar position with the 
 Daly-West Mining Company. His name is associated with 
 local enterprises too numerous to mention in detail, but all 
 of which have redounded to the welfare of Salt Lake City. 
 Besides those with which his name is connected, he has 
 furnished the capital for scores of enterprises that, but 
 for his liberal aid, would never have been inaugurated or, 
 at best, would have proved failures. This brings into prom- 
 inence the generous side of Mr. McCornick's nature, and it 
 commands the admiration of the character student no less 
 than that element which has made him eminent as a finan- 
 cier. What he does for his fellow man is the expression 
 of generous and noble impulse, and is done as inconspicu- 
 ously as possible. 
 
 For the past thirteen years Mr. McCornick has been 
 president of the State Agricultural College board of trus- 
 tees, and in that capacity has accomplished much that has 
 redounded directly to the benefit of the college and indi- 
 rectly to the state at large. It has been a constant source 
 of pride to successfully direct the affairs of the institution, 
 which is supported by both Federal and state appropria- 
 tions, augmented by small matriculation fees. This insti- 
 tution under the direction of Mr. McCornick has reached 
 a standard of excellence that has spread beyond the con- 
 fines of the state. Mr. McCornick enjoys the distinction 
 of being one of the prime movers in and the first president 
 of the Alta Club, a social organization of wealthy business 
 men, whose clubhouse is one of the most handsomely ap : 
 pointed of any west of Chicago. Upon the formation of 
 the Chamber of Commerce, several years ago, he was 
 unanimously tendered the presidency, and during his 
 incumbency he wrought many changes all of which proved 
 beneficial to the city. Twice prompted by a spirit of duty 
 toward the city he accepted a membership in the City 
 Council, at a time when the ship of state was sadly in 
 need of able counsel and sound business principles to 
 bring it forth from threatened ruin. But Mr. McCornick 
 is not a politician. It has been marveled that a man 
 possessing the wealth and influence of Mr. McCornick could 
 have avoided drifting into state and national politics. Few 
 men similarly situated would have withstood the tempta- 
 tion, but if political honors were a temptation to Mr. Mc- 
 Cornick we cannot say. Certain it is that there has not 
 been a time in the statehood of Utah that he might not 
 have accepted preferment in the political realm with the 
 enthusiastic applause of his fellow citizens, regardless of 
 party affiliation. Whatever his estimate of their value, 
 he has never permitted political possibilities to deflect 
 him from his chosen sphere of usefulness. From this it 
 must not be inferred that he takes no interest in politics, 
 for, on the contrary, he is a staunch Republican, and an 
 able defender of the tenets of nis party. 
 
 Scores of names are inscribed on Utah's scroll of fame, 
 but none is better entitled to the distinction than William 
 S. McCornick, nor are there many after whom the youth of 
 the State may pattern with better profit to themselves. 
 
28 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 FRANK KNOX. 
 
 SALT l.AKK CITY, while surrounded by the advantages 
 with which a bountiful nature has endowed this sec- 
 tlun. owe* much of Its growth and prosperity to the 
 Indomitable pluck and tenacity of the far-seeing and per- 
 severing men of business and finance who have cast their 
 
 the early age of sixteen, and they found gratification In 
 his securing a situation in the First National Bank of 
 Washington. Iowa, where he began as messenger and run- 
 ner, and remained for several years. The duties of bank 
 messengers in those days were more arduous and respon- 
 
 
 
 \\K KNOX. 
 
 kH with UM city and Invented their mean* In tho develop- 
 ment of UM laduMHn. at our donr Tii- M> rialmn many 
 MMfe. and proBlMOt among ihi-m Is the subjwi of thin 
 
 i. 00* of to* ritt . |cmlln financier*. 
 Mr. Knox OWM bl nativity tn Iowa, a Bute that ha 
 furnlnhod many inflm-mlal 'Itlxvns to ih- My nf hu adop- 
 tloo. Ills Inrlinati'in* turnwi insllnctlvHy to finance at 
 
 Kiiil<> than now. That was before the era of the clearing 
 hnu*. the li'li-phoni- mul nnniborlms other ronvenlences 
 of HHK|. in imxini-HH with which wp are so familiar as to 
 nnnldfr mailer of i-ourni> Thon the bank messenger 
 was lh<- cotirlor nf all mcusagps. Important and trivial, 
 ml wan frequently rhargnl with Hi., delivery of valuable 
 commercial paper. So conscientiously and satisfactorily 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 29 
 
 did young Knox discharge the duties incumbent upon him, 
 that he won successive promotions and was, at the time 
 of his resignation, Assistant and Acting Cashier, in which 
 capacity he manifested signal efficiency. 
 
 His knowledge of banks and banking was most valu- 
 able, and in 1885, having tendered his resignation from the 
 First National Bank of Washington. Iowa, he determined 
 
 A SALT LAKE BUSINESS STREET IN 1868. 
 
 to go to Kansas, where he founded one National and two 
 State banks. He conducted the affairs of these two in- 
 stitutions with marked success. During the four years of 
 his banking experience in the Sunflower State he was iden- 
 tified with the organization of the National Bank of Com- 
 merce of Kansas City. This is the largest national bank 
 west of Chicago, and has deposits aggregating the enor- 
 mous sum of $35,000.0(10. 
 
 Thirteen years ago, Mr. Knox disposed of all of his 
 Eastern interests and accordingly the following year found 
 him a resident of Salt Lake City. Mr. Knox came to this 
 city equipped with the attributes demanded in the success- 
 ful banker and business man, and immediately organized 
 the National Bank of the Republic. Mr. Knox was made 
 president of the bank, and has since been its supreme head 
 and principal owner. The capital of the institution is now 
 $300,000 and the surplus and undivided profits are grow- 
 ing in a most gratifying manner. The estimation and con- 
 fidence in which the bank is held in Utah are reflected in 
 the deposits, which exceed the immense sum of $2,700,- 
 000.00. The personnel of the bank is composed of the 
 following gentlemen whose names are identified with 
 mining, finance and business circles throughout the entire 
 country: Frank Knox, President; George A. Lowe, Vice- 
 President; and W. F. Adams, Cashier, while J. C. Lynch 
 of this city; Henry Phipps, a millionaire iron man of Pitts- 
 burg; G. S. Holmes, proprietor of the famous Knutsford of 
 this city and the Angelus hotel of Los Angelus; James A. 
 Murray, a mining man and capitalist of Butte; S. B. Milner, 
 a Salt Lake capitalist, and the Hon. Thomas Kearns, of 
 the famous Silver King mine at Park City, complete the 
 Board of Directors. The National Bank of the Republic is 
 the United States Depository for this State, and is one of 
 the soundest and most conservatively managed institu- 
 tions of the kind in the West. 
 
 Mr. Knox gives his personal time and attention to the 
 affairs of the bank, yet still has time to devote to the 
 innumerable business concerns with which his name is 
 associated. He keeps in constant touch with the financial 
 centers of this continent, not alone through the agency 
 
 of the bank's excellent correspondents, but by personally 
 spending a certain portion of his time each year in the 
 money centers of the country. His influence in this State 
 has been invaluable in directing a steady stream of moder- 
 ate sized investments toward this city from outside points. 
 Had Mr. Knox done no more than to give Utah a stable 
 financial institution his services would have been inesti- 
 mable, but he has fostered enterprises more far reaching 
 in their effect upon the growth and prosperity of the 
 State. In 1900, when Congress appropriated half a million 
 dollars for the erection of a Federal building in this City, 
 he was immediately chosen the disbursing agent of the 
 Government, and his bank designated as the depository for 
 Government funds in this State. This was not only on 
 account of the substantial nature of the National Bank of 
 the Republic of which he is the head, but was likewise 
 due in a measure to his extensive acquaintance with lead- 
 ing Government officials, including not only some members 
 of the Cabinet under President McKinley, but the Presi- 
 dent himself, and a number of United States Senators and 
 Representatives as well. 
 
 Mr. Knox is a man of extensive interests, as the term 
 is understood by operators and capitalists. In addition to a 
 very large ownership of stocks, bonds and other moneyed 
 interests, he has large realty holdings and is identified 
 with all matters of general public interest. He is President 
 and owns the controlling interest in the Salt Lake Ice 
 Company, of this city, which is the largest concern of the 
 kind in the Rocky Mountain region. He is heavily inter- 
 ested in the famous Daly-West and other mines of the Park 
 City district. Outside the State his interests are princi- 
 pally in Nevada mines. 
 
 Frank Knox is distinctly a man of affairs. Quiet and 
 unassuming, yet shrewd and tactful, he has a capacity for 
 solving aright the business problems of an eventful career, 
 and his unerring judgment has been the fulcrum on which 
 has turned the success of great enterprises. The commu- 
 nity in which he lives is indebted to him no less for the 
 influence of his career than for the unfailing support he 
 
 OX TEAMS IN THE STREETS OF SALT LAKE BEFORE THE ADVENT 
 OF THE RAILROADS. 
 
 extends all projects conceived in the interest of the moral 
 and material welfare of the city and State. Mr. Knox pos- 
 sesses that charm and polish of manner which come of 
 travel, experience, education and breeding. He is a man 
 of force and character, and in all relations of friendship 
 and business commands the confidence and esteem of all 
 who have his acquaintance. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 NICHOLAS TREWEEK. 
 
 THAT there is some agency necessary to co-operate with 
 nature in the development of a mining camp is amply 
 evidenced by the fact that the gold and silver ledges 
 of Utah contained their treasure ages before it was of use 
 to mankind. The perseverance and pluck of the Western 
 mining man constitute that agency, and, in exploiting the 
 greatest industry of this State, the writer recognizes an 
 obligation In paying special mention to the men who have 
 been instrumental In the development of Nature's boun- 
 ties. Among those who may properly be classified under 
 that category, few have contributed in so generous a degree 
 as the man whose name Introduces this biography. 
 
 Nicholas Treweek owes hie nativity to England, where 
 at the age of fourteen he was initiated into mining life; 
 a calling that his father had followed for many years 
 
 su MOI ^ 
 
 uinoriK Hi'- "i|.|-r. :.:lvr and lead mines of that country 
 and Wale*. Itelng an ambitious youth, young Treweek 
 
 i". i.d-'d night school In his native land In order to sup- 
 pl'-Mieiii his limited op|i< rnmiil>-n while a young lad In 
 
 in ndliiK day HchiMilH. lie has always been a great stu- 
 ! hi. and ha* acquired a practical education by dint of 
 much effort and a deep seated desire for knowledge. Be- 
 coming Imbued with the Idea that this country offered 
 Krcaicr npportunliieii for young man than the older set- 
 (I'-il mining districts of Kngland. he made his debut upon 
 American soil In the year 1870. at which time he had not 
 yet attained his majority. The mining regions of Pennsyl- 
 vania attracted him. as they bad done thousands of young 
 men. anil the first two years of his life In Uncle Sam's do- 
 main were spent among ihe mlnen and mining districts of 
 the Keystone Hlale 
 
 The year 1872 marked the beginning of a great pro- 
 gressive era for Ihe State beyond the "River." and among 
 the throng who visited I'inti at that time was young Tro- 
 and. accordingly, the same year found him a resident 
 
 of Bingham. from which point he conducted varied mining 
 operations. He first secured employment in the old Win- 
 nemuck Mine at Bingham. and served his apprenticeship 
 working with pick and drill. This is a feature of his ex- 
 perience which was destined to be of Inestimable value 
 In future years, and one in which he takes a praiseworthy 
 pride, for It Is to the practical lessons learned as a com- 
 mon miner that he largely attributes his great success in 
 the management and development of properties. After a 
 year of this practical schooling, he became Superintendent 
 of the mine, which at that time was working over 200 men. 
 During the time that Mr. Treweek was engaged upon 
 the Wlnnemuck. both in the capacity of common miner and 
 later as Superintendent of the famous old property, he was 
 also spending all his spare time in prospecting in the dis- 
 trict. The first discoveries that he made proved "good" 
 and the "St. Johns" was formed early in '74. He opened 
 up the mine and after extracting lots of ore, disposed of 
 his Interest. His success with the Winnemuck and the 
 St. John won him immediate recognition in the district, 
 and he was tendered the position of opening the old 
 Brooklyn mine in Bingham. at that time owned by Moses 
 Hirschman and Lewis Martin of this city. He opened up 
 this fine piece of property from the grassroots and placed 
 it upon a paying basis. Mr. Treweek, in the '70a. was an 
 extensive contractor, and sank shafts and drove tunnels on 
 many of the famous old mines of those days, to his profit. 
 In 1876 he left Bingham to assume charge of the Miller 
 mines at American Fork. These were the big mines of 
 the day. and under Mr. Treweek's supervision and direc- 
 tion proved fine properties. In 1878 he was superintend- 
 ent of what was known as the Carbonate mines In Big Cot- 
 tonwood canon, rich mines in their day. Two years later 
 found him in charge of development work on the Flagstaff, 
 in the Little Cottonwood mining district. The mine at this 
 time was giving employment to several hundred men. 
 Park City claimed his attention In the spring of 1881. 
 where he opened up the Lowell mine for the Walker 
 Brothers of Salt Ijike City. At that time he made his first 
 move as an organizer of mining companies, and after his 
 experience of ten years as a developer of properties he 
 was certainly capable of judging a mine. The first com- 
 piiny formed was known as the Climax Mining Company. 
 which developed into a most valuable piece of property. 
 The mine became Involved In litigation, however, and in 
 1883 a consolidation was formed with the Crescent Min- 
 im: Company, and Mr. Treweek disposed of his Interest In 
 the mine and left for a prospecting trip through Colo- 
 rado. The (Hack Range excitement was at that time the 
 
 i of all prospectors and miners and thither Mr. Tre- 
 week wended his way. After spending several months In 
 Hie vicinity of Silver City. N, M. \i.<>. he returned to 
 Utah with the intention of moving his family to Denver. 
 Hut upon his return I < was persuaded to return to Bing- 
 ham and assume charge of the old Brooklyn and Lead 
 thin- v at that lime owned by A. Hanauor and associates. 
 
 malned In chart:- <>r tin-He mines until 1888. at which 
 time he tendered his resignation to commence his career 
 a* a promoter, for which calling he waa well fitted by 
 natural versatility and by hln varied and extensive mining 
 and hiiMlnetts expcrl'-ii' - lie - -n-aied foreign connections 
 and began operations at nnce. Ills first successful promo- 
 tion of considerable magnitude, was the sale of the 
 Charles Dickens mine. In Idaho, to a London corporation. 
 Id-turning from London he purchased the Lucky Boy mine 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 3 1 
 
 in Custer County, Idaho, the property now being known as 
 the Lucky Boy Gold Mining Company. It is a close corpo- 
 ration, the stock being owned by Mr. Treweek, who is 
 the president of the company, W. S. McCornick, the well- 
 known financier, and A. Hanauer. The mine is in active 
 operation and has been a steady shipper and dividend- 
 payer for many years. 
 
 About this time Mr. Treweek, in company with other 
 prominent capitalists and mining men, organized and in- 
 corporated the Alliance Mining Company, at Park City. 
 Mr. Treweek was vice-president and general manager of 
 the company, which spent several hundred thousand dol- 
 lars in developing the mine, and, in 1896, sold it to the 
 Silver King, whose property it adjoined. He has been 
 president and manager of the Lucky Boy mine since its 
 organization, and president of the Big Cottonwood Copper 
 and Gold Mining Company, organized this year under the 
 laws of the State of Maine, with a capital of $1.500,000, the 
 stock of which is owned by himself and family. In 1901 
 Mr. Treweek organized the Wabash Mining Company, at 
 Park City. This property is being most actively devel- 
 oped and is attracting much favorable attention and com- 
 ment at the present time. Mr. Treweek is the president 
 and manager of this property and has associated with 
 him in the company John A. Creighton, the millionaire 
 philanthropist of Omaha. Together with Mr. Creighton 
 Mr. Treweeek owns the control of the Wabash Company. 
 
 Mr. Treweek maintains offices at 16 State street, Bos- 
 ton, Mass., and a handsomely appointed suite at 25 Broad 
 street, New York City, in the very heart of the financial 
 quarter of America's metropolis. Both offices are in 
 
 charge of experienced financiers, and from these two 
 offices Mr. Treweek is constantly hard at work to Interest 
 capital, not only in Utah mines, but in all classes of sound 
 investments in this great inland empire. 
 
 Mr. Treweek's interests, while largely concentrated in 
 the mines of the State, are by no means confined to those 
 limits. His liberal investments have contributed to the 
 growth and development of the entire commonwealth, but 
 however much he could do through the direct outlay of 
 capital it could never equal the service he has tendered 
 Utah in bringing her resources to the attention of the 
 financial world. His influence has not done less for the 
 State than his enterprise, and in neither has he been 
 surpassed by the sponsors of our manifold industries and 
 resources. While Mr. Treweek has ever been alive to his 
 own interests he has not been blind to the duties im- 
 posed by good citizenship, and has taken a prominent part 
 in many of the political moves of early days as well as of 
 recent years. He took an active part and was one of the 
 first organizers of the Republican party of the State. He 
 was made treasurer of the Republican territorial com- 
 mittee for two terms, and in many other ways evidenced 
 the keenest interest in the tenets and welfare of his party. 
 
 Mr. Treweek is a man of energy, but is as unassum- 
 ing in manner as he is forceful in presence. His keen 
 observation is apparent, but unobtrusive. His address 
 inspires confidence, and all impressions proclaim him the 
 man of capability and reserve force his exceptional career 
 has proved him to be. His success has been manifestly 
 the reward of business ability of the highest order, an 
 ability that has made him one of the foremost mining pro- 
 moters of this State. 
 
 }. A. CUNNINGHAM. 
 
 THE career of J. A. Cunningham is one of scores afford- 
 ed by the West, demonstrating that mining expe- 
 rience is not necessary to mining success, and yet 
 who will gainsay its value in certain channels of mining, 
 
 J. A. CUNNINGHAM' 
 
 where practical knowledge of mineralogy and geology must 
 necessarily be of service? But to successful mining opera- 
 tions mining experience is not always essential. The requi- 
 site is neither practical knowledge nor luck; it is business 
 ability, and the mining men who have made the greatest 
 successes in this state are men who have utilized the 
 acumen which reaps reward wherever exercised. 
 
 J. A. Cunningham is one of these. Born in Quincy, 
 Illinois, in 1842, at an early age his parents emigrated to 
 Utah, where young Cunningham arrived when he was seven 
 years old. He attended the public schools of the day, 
 where he received a limited education, which has happily 
 been augmented by his studious nature, with the result 
 that at attaining his majority Mr. Cunningham had ac- 
 quired a knowledge of men and affairs, gained from close 
 observation and practical experience, which has proved 
 of inestimable value to him in after years. He is familiar 
 with the countless privations which the resolute body of 
 men and women who emigrated to this valley in the early 
 '50s had to meet, and his early training turned him quite 
 naturally to freighting and teaming, a calling which he 
 followed for a number of years, until the advent of the 
 first railroad made the business unprofitable. His teams 
 were a familiar sight to travelers on the old Overland 
 Stage Route, both east and west as far as Deep Creek. 
 During the years intervening between 1868 and 1871 he 
 was engaged in freighting between this city and Helena, 
 Montana. 
 
 About this time the Sweetwater excitement in Wyom- 
 ing attracted Mr. Cunningham's attention, and here he 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIR1 
 
 was first initiated into that most alluring of pursuits, 
 mining. The mines, however, did not prove the bonanza 
 expected, and In 1872. after quitting the freight business, 
 he became Interested in the stock business, grazing his 
 herds over the ranges in this section of the country. For 
 three years he devoted his entire time to his cattle in- 
 terests, meeting with considerable success and finally 
 disposing of them, when, in 1875. the mines of the famous 
 Tlntic district first commanded the attention of the world. 
 Mr. Cunningham became interested In mining immediately 
 after the discovery of the camp, and secured an interest 
 In the Mammoth, an interest which he still holds in this 
 greatest bonanza of the district. The Mammoth has pro- 
 duced millions for its owners, and has been upon the list 
 of dividend payers for over a quarter of a century. The 
 production at present Is somewhat curtailed, owing to liti- 
 gation in which the property has become involved with a 
 mine adjoining it. 
 
 Mr. Cunningham soon acquired other valuable hold- 
 ings in the Tintic district and various other camps of the 
 state, among the most prominent being, possibly, the 
 celebrated Bullion-Beck mine, located at Eureka. Utah. 
 This magnificent property has been operated for almost 
 
 a generation and the ore bodies appear to be practically 
 inexhaustible. It has become one of the famous mines 
 of the West under the direction of Its present manage- 
 ment. For over twenty years Mr. Cunningham devoted his 
 entire time to his mining interests. He is familiar with 
 all the little details so essential to the successful opera- 
 tion of a mine, having served his apprenticeship from the 
 "grass roots" to the 1,000-foot level, as it were. In addi- 
 tion to his mining interests he has been a stockholder in 
 two of the most substantial banking houses In the city, 
 the Deseret National and the Bank of Commerce. Upon 
 being elected president of the latter institution, three 
 years ago. he disposed of his stock in the Deseret National 
 and has since devoted his entire time to the duties im- 
 posed upon him as president of the Bank of Commerce, 
 which is rightly accorded a place among the most con- 
 servative and stable banks of the State. 
 
 J. A. Cunningham Is a Utahn in the strictest sense. 
 He devotes his capital and energies to the promotion of 
 the best interests of the state which has given him 
 wealth and influence, and Salt Lake City has few citizens 
 whose public spirit has done more for the general weal 
 than his. 
 
 |OHN C. CUTLER. 
 
 "I 
 
 the Inland Empire," Is designed as both a 
 chronicle and a herald, a chronicle of the past 
 and a herald of the future, especially of the lives 
 of men closely associated with the growth of the State. In 
 
 JOHN C. Cl'TLM. 
 
 IU pace* are recorded many hitherto unpublished IncldonU 
 of the live* of the men wjio have attained prominence In the 
 
 great commonwealth which they have helped to make, and 
 among the number few have contributed in a more generous 
 measure than the subject of this biography. 
 
 Away back in 1864 there journeyed across the plains 
 from the Missouri River a family consisting of the father, 
 mother and six children. The trip was slow and tedious 
 in those days, and this little band of pioneers drove oxen 
 attached to their wagons. Arriving in this valley the par- 
 ents settled in North Mill Creek Canon, where, assisted 
 by the boys, one of whom was John C. Cutler, they com- 
 menced the establishment of a home. The first winter 
 was a severe one, but by making trips up into the canons 
 the boys cut cedar posts for enclosing the farm, and when 
 spring came they had the place fenced In. John C., being 
 an ambitious youth, secured a position as clerk In a store 
 in this city, where, after serving faithfully for a number of 
 years, he obtained an Interest In the business. 
 
 It was In the year 1877, however, that he launched 
 i. nili into business upon his own account. In that year A. 
 O. Sim mi. of the Provo Woolen Mills, made a proposition 
 to Mr. Cutler to accept tin- agency of tin- mills In this 
 city. They accordingly wont to see President Brlgham 
 Young, who owned a controlling Interest In the factory. 
 with the result that Mr. Cutler was appointed agent of the 
 mills. He at < m ..p.-n.-il a store In the old Constitu- 
 tion Hlock and began an energetic campaign for home 
 Indimtry In the shape of the products of these mills. Suf- 
 ii. i- it to say he met with gratifying success and still repre- 
 sents the company. 
 
 Mr. Cutler Is at present a director In the Provo Woolen 
 Mills as well as their agent, and IB also a director In the 
 Hmiii' Fire Insurance Company. He hecame Interested 
 In the ifcwret National Bank In 1889. and has been a 
 director of thin conservative banking house for many 
 years. He holds a similar position upon the directorate of 
 tlie Deseret Savings Bank, and Is a director of the Utah 
 Sugar Company. He has always evidenced a praiseworthy 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 33 
 
 interest in educational matters and is connected with the 
 Latter-Day Saints University as Trustee and Treasurer. He 
 is also on the Building Committee and is Treasurer for the 
 three new buildings erected opposite the Temple. 
 
 In addition to these institutions with which his name 
 is associated, he has an interest in many others which 
 owe their prosperity and success to his exceptional execu- 
 tive ability. He has been one of the largest employers of 
 labor in the State, and the numerous enterprises with which 
 he is identified have done much toward the advancement 
 of Utah's interests. 
 
 While his personal affairs have necessarily occupied 
 much of his time, he has not been blind to the duties im- 
 posed by good citizenship, and in 1884 he was elected to 
 the office of county clerk. That he served to the satis- 
 faction of his constituents is best attested by the fact 
 that he succeeded himself twice, and held the office con- 
 tinuously until 1900. The esteem he found in public life 
 has a counterpart in the confidence with which he is re- 
 garded by all who have the pleasure of business relations 
 with him. Just now Mr. Cutler is devoting much time to 
 the work of the Commercial Club of this city of which he is 
 Vice-President. 
 
 JESSE M. SMITH. 
 
 THE wealth of natural resources possessed by Utah is 
 as varied as it is extensive, and there is not a State 
 in our Union which can boast a greater progress for 
 the past few years than our own. Utahns have ample cause 
 for pride in their achievement, and it is the mission of 
 "Utah, the Inland Empire," to exploit in a degree the ad- 
 vances marked by recent years, and to pay fitting tribute 
 to the agencies contributing thereto, among which few 
 have been more prominent than the members of the Utah 
 Wool Growers' Association, represented in this city by Mr. 
 Jesse M. Smith. 
 
 Jesse M. Smith has been actively identified with the 
 sheep and wool interests of the State for the past fifteen 
 
 JESSE M. SMITH. 
 
 years. He is a native son, having been born and raised in 
 Salt Lake City, where he has spent the greater portion of 
 his forty-four years of life. At an early age he engaged 
 in business upon his own account and for a number of 
 years was freighting between this city and the principal 
 mining camps of the state. He was subsequently promi- 
 nently connected with the building and completion of some 
 of the most important irrigation projects in this portion of 
 the state. Mr. Smith was one of the promoters of the 
 reservoir in East Canyon, from which source of supply thou- 
 sands of acres of valuable farming land in the vicinity of 
 
 Layton were made fertile and productive. Mr. Smith had 
 been interested in the building of county bridges, canals 
 and roads in Salt Lake County for many years, and in 
 1878, at the time of the building of the railroad frpm 
 Springville to Scofield, he was one of the sub-contractors 
 and built a large part of the grade of the road. 
 
 It was in the spring of 1888 that Mr. Smith first became 
 interested in the sheep business in Utah, commencing with 
 a band of 2,300 which he leased and ranged on the desert 
 west of the Great Salt Lake. He met with gratifying suc- 
 cess and was not long in establishing himself in busi- 
 ness independent of others, with the result that his name 
 became associated with the sheep business of this and 
 adjoining States. In 189G he was elected president of the 
 Utah Wool Growers' Association and still retains that 
 office. He has had an experience covering many years in 
 the sheep business and during that time has had excep- 
 tional opportunities afforded him to become acquainted 
 with the most successful sheep men of the country. As 
 a representative of the association he has made several 
 trips to the national capital at Washington, D. C., in the 
 interests of the sheep industry, and has met with uni- 
 versal and gratifying success on his missions. In 1898 he 
 was actively identified with the movement to organize a 
 National Live Stock Association, the first meeting of 
 which was held in Denver, Colorado. He is now Utah's 
 executive member in that organization. In February last 
 he was elected president of the Pacific Northwest Wool 
 Growers' Association, an organization representing the 
 wool growers of the States of Oregon, Montana, Idaho, 
 Nevada, Wyoming and Utah. Last March he was made 
 the representative of the Associated Wool Growers' Com- 
 pany, a business corporation doing a commission business 
 in the interests of the wool growers of the whole country, 
 and composed of sheepmen alone, no other person being 
 a stockholder. The company sells the wool directly to 
 manufacturers and thereby saves the grower the middle- 
 man's profit, which amounts annually to a large figure. 
 
 Mr. Smith has conserved the interests that he repre- 
 sents in a most commendable manner and his influence in 
 opposition to every obstacle under which the sheep men 
 of this section have had to labor has won the applause oT 
 his fellow sheep men. He is a man of progressive ideas 
 and energetic character, and all of his business dealings 
 are marked by the strictest integrity. 
 
34 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 JOHN J. DALY. 
 
 HE STRUCK It rich. What other calling than mining 
 evokes such an expression in reference to its suc- 
 cessful members? If a man accumulates fortune In 
 mercantile pursuits, he is accounted astute; if he attains 
 eminence In his profession, he is classed as brilliant; if In- 
 vention yield him fame, he is a genius; It is only the mining 
 man who is the "lucky man." Yet the careers of some of the 
 mining men of Utah would Indicate that ability has quite 
 
 Ing success. He has not merely achieved great wealth; 
 he has won fame as well, and he will live in our history 
 as the Ideal miner. Indeed, he Is the pioneer of the typical 
 miner of the future, for, although he did not have the 
 technical education of the mining school to commence 
 with, he was compelled to acquire in the course of his 
 practical development almost all the scientific knowledge 
 which mining schools now teach, and which is indispen- 
 
 JOHN J. DALY. 
 
 as murh to do with successful mining an lurk, and of those 
 who have won wealth In mining, few Illustrate this 
 truth bettor than the subject of this sketch. John 
 J. Daly Is not a more lucky adventurer who quit 
 some other occupation and "struck It rich" by a happy 
 mining accident. Ho was and Is only a miner, first, last and 
 all the time. When General Ijiwton was Introduced to a 
 (touting crowd he said, with a touch of pathos, "I am 
 not a hero I am only a regular." John J. Daly Is only 
 a miner. He Is a professional inim-r. one bred to the 
 vocation, one who entered upon his llfn work In bis youth 
 and who. after devoting over tnlrty years of Intelligent 
 study and effort to the work, has bad ample and gratify- 
 
 slble to the rapid growth of the mining Industry. The 
 first generation of miners which overran the mining 
 regions had for Its historic figures the heroes of the lucky 
 finds. This could not have been avoided by whoever were 
 the first comers. The new generation will be distinguished 
 by IU scientific miners, whose keen knowledge of the 
 geological formation*, combined with practical business 
 mil men. will enable them to do what John J. Daly did. 
 *nd find fortunes In rocks that had been prospected In 
 vain by the unscientific for many years. 
 
 It was In the parly fifties that John J. Daly was born 
 In Morris. Orundy County. State of Illinois. Here he 
 nii.'in|pd the common schools and received a limited odu- 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 35 
 
 cation. Losing his parents at the age of twelve, he deter- 
 mined to act upon the advice of Horace Greeley and go 
 West. Accordingly, in 1867, young Daly bade farewell 
 to his parental abode, and headed his bark of fortune 
 toward the West. He shipped as cabin boy on a Missouri 
 River steamer, bound for Montana, but stopped on the 
 way at an Indian trading post near where General Custer 
 and his party, years after, were massacred. He became 
 acquainted with prospectors, traders and the hardy pio- 
 neers of those days. It was about their camp fires, and 
 while accompanying them upon their daily excursions 
 through the gulches and canyons and over the mountains, 
 that the lad became acquainted with the various varieties 
 of ore and the character of formation in which mineral 
 was sought. Being eager for information and quick to 
 learn, thte experiences of the season taught him the funda- 
 
 In 1876, having acquired a comfortable sum from the 
 sale of his Nevada interests, Daly determined to visit the 
 scenes of his boyhood days, his old home, and, incidentally, 
 make a trip to the Centennial Exposition then being held 
 in Philadelphia; but fate had decreed otherwise for the 
 ambitious young miner, for upon reaching Salt Lake City, 
 he became acquainted with Marcus Daly, the late Montana 
 copper king, who at that time was in the employ of the 
 Walker Brothers, who were much interested in the mines 
 of Utah. A friendship at once developed between the two. 
 which lasted until the death of Marcus Daly, a quarter 
 of a century later. Upon the advice of his friend young 
 Daly was persuaded to visit the camp at Park City, which 
 at that time was a struggling little mining settlement, 
 without much development. He became impressed witH 
 the situation, however, and together with some other min- 
 
 RKMDENCE OF JOHN J. DAI.V. 
 
 mental principles of prospecting and of mining, on which 
 he was destined to erect a fortune. 
 
 The years 1869-70 marked one of the greatest mining 
 excitements of the period the White Pine rush into 
 Nevada. Young Daly became infused with the fever and 
 came as far as Salt Lake City, where he remained a few 
 months before journeying on into the White Pine district. 
 Arriving in Nevada, he became at once actively interested 
 in quartz mining, where he laid the foundation of the 
 practical experience to which he owes so much of his 
 subsequent success. It is not the purpose to follow his 
 career through the dozen or more camps that claimed his 
 attention within the ensuing six years; but we may say 
 briefly that his experience was that of hundreds of other 
 Western mining men who have, in the course of their 
 experience, made and lost a score of staall fortunes, and 
 braved the dangers of the Indians and frontier troubles 
 of that time. In 1874 he joined a company of volunteers 
 called for by the Governor to put down the Indian upris- 
 ing in the White River country. After peace was restored, 
 he returned to the mines. 
 
 ing men, undertook the development of the old Jones 
 Bonanza, which had been discovered a few days after his 
 arrival in camp, and is now a part of the famous Daly-Judge 
 Mine. There was a splendid showing, and Daly, in com- 
 pany with others, secured a bond and lease and commenced 
 the development of the property. After investing his small 
 fortune, he finally "went broke," as did his partners, and 
 work on the property was temporarily abandoned, thte 
 mine falling into the hands of other parties. It may be 
 said that the American mining man of moderate resources 
 is a born plunger, and it is through his fearless invest- 
 ment that the mineral wealth of the continent has been 
 exploited and opened up and, incidentally, that many 
 individual instances are recorded where prominent min- 
 ing men have found themselves once more at the foot of 
 the ladder. But hope and perseverance are virtues with 
 which the miner has been liberally endowed, and tern 
 porary reverses are but milestones in his checkered 
 career. So with Mr. Daly. He had made and lost con- 
 siderable sums without attaining the measure of wealth 
 to create in him the spirit of conservatism that dominates 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 other fields of enterprise; but his time had been most 
 profitably improved under the tutelage of that greatest 
 of masters, experience, and he was/ amply equipped for 
 the exercise of sound knowledge in all subsequent demands 
 upon his Judgment. 
 
 Upon being forced to suspend work upon the old 
 Jones Bonanza, Mr. Daly secured employment in the 
 famous Ontario Mine, being fully convinced of the perma- 
 nency of the ore bodies, and determined to locate the 
 lost vein of the old Jones Bonanza at the first opportunity. 
 As time went on and Mr. Daly became more familiar with 
 the geological formation of the camp, he became firmly 
 convinced that the famous Ontario vein and the lost vein 
 of the old Jones Bonanza were one, and that time would 
 prove It. With that object in view, whenever his funds 
 would permit, be spent every available moment in pros- 
 pecting on the line between these two properties. Acting 
 upon this theory. In 1882 he organized the well known 
 Daly Mine which afterwards produced over f 10,000,000. 
 and was President and Manager of the mine for many 
 years. Upon meeting with such signal success in proving 
 the correctness of Mis theory In regard to the general 
 direction of the Ontario vein. Mr. Daly, In company with 
 Tevis. Hearst. Haggln and other great mining men of the 
 day, bought what Is now the famous Daly-West property, 
 which has since produced many millions; and. In 1891, 
 falling In his effort to induce his associates to join him 
 In the mine. Mr. Daly Incorporated his half Interest and 
 commenced the development of the splendid property, a 
 task and expense that would have caused a less stout 
 heart to fail. Imbued, however, with the conviction that 
 success awaited the development of the mine. Mr. Daly, 
 alone and unaided, continued work upon the property, 
 sinking a three-compartment shaft 1.200 feet, and drifted 
 2.000 feet from this station before encountering the ore 
 body. The success of the effort Is now history. For the 
 past twenty-five years Mr. Daly has been engaged In locat- 
 ing and buying properties lying between the old Jones 
 Bonanza and the Ontario Mine. Although these mines 
 were nearly three miles apart, he has at last succeeded 
 In connecting them, by the consolidation and acquisition 
 of the last piece of property purchased last spring, the 
 Anchor Mining Company, which was consolidated with 
 the Daly-Judge Comjiany formed last fall by Mr. Daly. 
 
 The acquisition of the Anchor property wa > one of 
 thfe largest transactions ever recorded In the mining 
 history of Utah. It Involved the expenditure of over three- 
 quarter* of a million dollars for the company's holdings, 
 and by this absorption the Daly-Judge Company became 
 the owner of over 1.200 acres of patented ground In the 
 n. h.-Ht mineral zone of the Park City District This 
 locality has been proved to be the richest mineral terri- 
 tory of equal acreage recorded In the discoveries of the 
 world, and It eclipses In fabulous production the wildest 
 dreams of fiction. The tract of patented land Included 
 In the holdings of the Daly-West approximates 16,000 
 feet In length by 4.000 feet In width, and cover* the strike 
 on the veins of rich mineral producing territory for a 
 distance of nearly three miles. These holding* now In- 
 I'M!*- the ground that has been held by the Utah Mining 
 Company, the White Pine (.old and Silver Mining Com- 
 pany, the old Jones Bonanza Mining Company and the 
 
 Jones No. 2 Mining Company, the Anchor Mining Com- 
 pany, and several claims belonging to the Daly-Judge 
 Mining Company. A mining writer, in commenting upon 
 the consummation of the deal, says: "This consolidation 
 Is the climax of the mining life of John J. Daly, Presi- 
 dent of the purchasing company, who has been Identified 
 with the growth of that camp since its infancy, and the 
 closing of the deal is the fruition of years of labor, during 
 which time Mr. Daly has had in view the formation of 
 this property, the possibilities of which are not sur- 
 passed by the holdings of any mining company in the 
 State." Thus, over a quarter of a century later, Mr. Daly 
 proved in the development of this property that had he 
 and Ins partners had the financial backing to continue 
 working the old Jones bonanza the vein would have been 
 discovered, and the wealth he possesses today would have 
 been awarded him earlier in life. 
 
 In addition to the organization of the Daly Mining Com- 
 pany In 1882. and of the Daly-West in 1891. Mr. Daly has 
 been prominently connected with some of the most stable 
 financial institutions of the State, he having organized 
 the First National Bank of Park City, and acted as Presi- 
 dent of the same for a number of years. He 1st a director 
 of the Commercial National Bank of this city, as well as 
 Vice-President and Director of the Utah Savings and Trust 
 Company, an institution affording all the advantages 
 of the corporate trustee, the savings association and the 
 commercial bank. Besides those with which his name is 
 connected, he has furnished the capital for many enter- 
 prises that, but for his liberal aid, would never have been 
 Inaugurated or, at best, would have proved failures. This 
 brings Into prominence the generous side of Mr. Daly's 
 nature, and It commands the admiration of the character 
 student no less than that element which has made him 
 eminent as a financier. He is not the type of man to court 
 or brook ostentation. What he does for his 1 fellow man 
 Is the expression of generous and noble impulse, and is 
 done as inconspicuously as possible. 
 
 "He struck it rich" Yes. but the element of luck 
 may not obscure the stronger element, judgment, which 
 told the man to maintain his faith In the treasure houses 
 of the Park City mountains rather than to move on to 
 new fields when his first efforts on the old Jones Bonanza 
 failed, and this before the camp had emerged from its 
 Incipient stage. Friends will not dispel the illusion of those 
 who would cling to the romantic version of Mr. Daly's 
 success, by enumerating the various investments he has 
 made in the district, all of which seem to have wooed and 
 won the smile of the fickle dame; but they have their own 
 opinion of the matter, and luck Is the least of their opinions 
 on the matter. 
 
 Mr. Daly Is not a plunger. He Is the possessor of vast 
 Interests admitting and demanding the utmost conserva 
 Mum. and he has risen to the occasion. He Is reinforced 
 by his wide experience In mining, and the history of his 
 mining assets Is a history of growth under the Influence 
 of sagacious and successful management. Personally. 
 Mr Daly Is courteous and unassuming In manner, and 
 Impresses one as a man of modest and Intrinsic worth. 
 His deeds reflect the big-hearted generosity which Is the 
 hiTltagc of the West, and much Is owed to bis liberality 
 and enterprise that never reaches the public ear. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 37 
 
 BENJAMIN T. LLOYD. 
 
 BENJAMIN T. LLOYD is a native son of this "Inland 
 Empire," having been born in Smithfleld, Cache Coun- 
 ty, Utah, in '66. He entered Brigham Young Academy 
 at Provo at an early age and later took a course at the 
 University of Deseret. While attending the University, 
 young Lloyd was also engaged as a clerk and student in 
 the law offices of Richards & Moyle, where he acquired a 
 fund of practical knowledge that served him in good stead 
 at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, from which dis- 
 tinguished institution of learning he graduated with hon- 
 ors with the law class of '92. Returning to Salt Lake 
 City he was admitted to the bar and began the practice of 
 
 BENJAMIN T. LLOYD. 
 
 his profession the same year and embarked upon a career 
 that was destined to add his name to the roll of honor 
 of his alma mater. 
 
 In 1893 and '94 he served his party as Secretary of 
 the Democratic Committee of Salt Lake County, and in 
 the early part of 1896 acted as Chairman of the Democratic 
 County Committee. A feature of his official position 
 which has often been commented upon most favorably 
 was the success with which he conducted the three cam- 
 paigns of those dates. Every member on the ticket was 
 elected for the first time in the history of the party, a 
 desideratum which had never before been attained and 
 one that has never been repeated. For two years, from 
 '96 to '98 he acted as City Councilman, and during the leg- 
 islative sessions of '98 and '99 he was an active member 
 of that body. It will thus be seen that Mr. Lloyd always 
 displayed an active interest in the affairs of his party, 
 and was loyal to its tenets. 
 
 When in 1893 the golden tales of Mercur were being 
 heralded to the world, it was but natural that Mr. Lloyd, 
 being among the first to h/ear of the most recent discov- 
 eries, should become interested in the district. His ini- 
 tial purchase was the Gold Coin. He formed a company, 
 of which he has been president since its organization, as 
 well as the largest owner, and commenced the active de- 
 velopment of the property. He has held many interests 
 in the Mercur district, among which was the Sir Victor, 
 the scene of the explosion three years ago, an accident 
 which destroyed the 540 foot shaft, wrecked the machin- 
 ery and ruined the buildings and surface improvements. 
 
 At the time of the explosion Mr. Lloyd had an option on 
 the property, which was showing up well under the de- 
 velopment work which was being followed. Nothing 
 daunted, however, by the immense financial loss entailed, 
 Mr. Lloyd immediately looked about him for other oppor- 
 tunities. 
 
 Among the successful companies now operating under 
 the direction of Mr. Lloyd and his associates, the Copper 
 Ranch Mining Company, organized and incorporated two 
 years ago, is prominent. The property is! located five 
 miles northwest of Milford, and but one mile north of 
 the branch of the Oregon Short Line Railroad, running 
 from Milford through the great copper belt to Frisco. 
 The holdings embrace seventeen claims in the richest 
 mineralized territory of that district, so situated as to 
 cover two miles along the course of the vein. The prop- 
 erty lies between the Majestic Company's "Old Hickory" 
 on the East and the "O. K." mine on the West. Its de- 
 velopment consists of 4,100 feet of shafts, drifts and tun- 
 nels. The veins have great promise, being large, strong 
 and well defined, and having all the other characteriza- 
 tions which indicate good values with sufficient develop- 
 ment. At the Jewel Mound end of the group of claims 
 the vein attains the enormous width of 105 feet. It is lo- 
 cated between a granite foot wall and porphyry hanging 
 wall. When Mr. Lloyd acquired the Copper Ranch prop- 
 erty two years ago, in connection with the late R. C. 
 Chambers and Moses Thatcher, Jacob West, Lafayette 
 Holbrook and Eastern associates, he was elected secre- 
 tary and manager, a position which he has since maintained. 
 
 The Copper Mountain Mining & Milling Company is 
 another fine property, which Mr. Lloyd secured control of 
 last December. Associated with him in the reorganization, 
 which he effected, are such well-known mining men and 
 financiers as Moses Thatcher, Vice-President of the Des- 
 eret National Bank, of this city; Charles Rood, Superin- 
 tendent of the famous Ontario mine, of Park City; Hon. 
 J. T. Hammond, Secretary of State; Judge W. H. Dickson, 
 a prominent member of the Salt Lake bar; Lafayette Hol- 
 brook, a capitalist and mining man of Provo, Utah; 
 and Jacob West, a banker of Logan, Utah. These gentlemen 
 constitute the officers and board of directors as well, and 
 their names associated with an enterprise guarantee finan- 
 cial responsibility, integrity and sagacity of administration. 
 The policy of the company has been progressive, and 
 the property has been actively developed since the present 
 management has been in charge. The property consists 
 of seven claims through which the vein runs for a distance 
 of 4,500 feet. Work has been conducted through a 450- 
 foot shaft, from the lower level of which they are drift- 
 ing west along the vein. At this point the vein is from 
 6 to 14 feet in width, and carries from 18 to 28 per cent 
 in copper values. The vein lies between a granite foot 
 wall and a lime hanging wall, and ore has been traced 
 from the surface to the present depth. It is principally 
 red oxide of copper with sulphide appearing in the lower 
 workings. Under the efficient direction of Mr. Lloyd, de- 
 velopment is being pushed to the best possible advantage. 
 Mr. Lloyd is democratic in the truest sense of the 
 term, and his successes are accepted with as little osten- 
 tation as would be the measure of despair should disaster 
 again overtake him. It may be added that he is Democratic 
 in politics as well as in fact. He is a man of the West 
 warm hearted, generous and public spirited in all that 
 the terms imply. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 C. O. WHITTEMORE. 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY Is becoming one of the world's great 
 mining centers, and in viewing the Influence of the 
 mining Industry of Utah's various camps on the 
 growth and prosperity of Salt Lake City, the casual observ- 
 er Is likely to overlook many other attractive sources of the 
 city's supremacy. Long ago the fame of the mining Interest 
 of this favored region superseded that of our climatic and 
 scenic attractions, and it Is not surprising that it has 
 also distanced the report of the progressive and enterpris- 
 ing spirit which dominates the business and professional 
 element of our city. To this characteristic, not less than 
 
 
 
 C. O. WHITTEMORE. 
 
 to the wealth and natural resources with which nature has 
 endowed this section of the State. Salt Lake City owes 
 her development; and It Is the purpose of the publishers 
 to present In this magazine the most striking examples of 
 Individual energy our rich Held affords. 
 
 C. O. Whlttemore Is a native son of this great com- 
 monwealth, having been born June 29th. 1862. He re- 
 ceived his education at St. Mark's school. In this city, grad- 
 uating with the class of '82. Upon completing the course 
 at St. Mark's. Mr. Whlttemore, having decided upon a 
 professional career, commenced the study of law In the 
 offices of Philip T. Van Zlle. at that time United States 
 Attorney for the Territory of Utah. He was admitted to 
 
 the bar In 1883 and commenced the practice of his pro- 
 fession under most auspicious circumstances. He was 
 accorded immediate recognition, and was Assistant City 
 Attorney, when, in October, 1883, he tendered his resigna- 
 tion for the purpose of taking the law course at the 'Co- 
 lumbia Law School, in New York City. Upon completing 
 the course in that celebrated institution of learning, Mr. 
 Whittemore resumed the practice of law in this city, as- 
 sociating himself for the ensuing two years with the law 
 firm of Dickson & Varian, Judge Dickson at that time 
 being United States Attorney. 
 
 During the years 1887 and 1888 Mr. Whittemore was 
 associated with Senator Arthur Brown. He built up a 
 remunerative practice and has been retained in some of 
 the most notable cases before the courts of this state, 
 among the most important of which we mention, Cope 
 vs. Cope, in which case the right of polygamous children 
 to inherit from their father was determined. Amy vs. 
 Amy, in which the validity of a Probate Court divorce 
 was sustained, both cases being decided by the Supreme 
 Court of the United States. 
 
 Mr. Whittemore has always been prominently identi- 
 fled with the political history of Utah and is a staunch 
 defender of Republican principles. In 1894 he was elected 
 to the office of County Attorney, and filled the same for 
 the next two years with credit to himself and the satis- 
 faction of all with whom he had business dealings. In 
 1898 President McKlnley appointed him United States At 
 torney for Utah, and In 1899, when the Utah State Legis- 
 lature came to a deadlock, owing to the inability of the 
 Democratic majority to agree upon a choice for United 
 States Senator, Mr. Whittemore among others received the 
 entire vote of the Republican minority. 
 
 Mr. Whittemore Is one of the most indefatigable work- 
 ers In behalf of the construction of a short line from Salt 
 Lake City to Los Angeles, and since its organization has 
 been appointed general attorney for the San Pedro, Ixis 
 Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad Company. He Is at pres- 
 ent associated in the practice of his profession with E. 
 Blerer, Jr., and Pennel Cherrington. both gentlemen of 
 exceptional ability. This amalgamation of talent has 
 given to Salt Lake City one of its strongest law firms. Mr. 
 Whlttemore possesses those attributes of character which 
 not only proclaim him a man In whose hands private af- 
 fairs are safe, but, as well, a fit custodian of the interests 
 of a community. 
 
 DENNIS C. KICHNOR. 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY may be said to be especially fortu- 
 nate In the character and attainment* of her profes- 
 sional men. Mont of them are men of education and 
 experience, and to accord them a place among the flrat In 
 the West Is but to offer them what Is their own. Especially 
 Is this true of the legal profession, which Is represented In 
 this city by some of the brightest lawyers the country baa 
 produced. Among those who have won distinction within 
 the space of a comparatively few years, the publishers take 
 pleasure In calling attention to Dennis C. Elcbnor, our 
 present District Attorney. 
 
 Mr. Blchnor Is a native of Pennsylvania, having been 
 born In Somerset County, that State. In the year 1868. 
 
 His early years wore spent upon a farm, the winter 
 months being put In at a district school. Mr. Elcbnor. 
 however, was possessed of an ambition that the prosaic 
 life on a farm In the "Keystone" State failed to satisfy, 
 snd he determined to secure an education. In order to 
 defray the expenses of a court* at the State Normal 
 School at Mlllcrvlllo. Pennsylvania, he taught school and 
 studied law. graduating with the class of '87. 
 
 Acting upon the historic advice of Horace Oreeley, 
 Mr K.I i-li nor came West In 1888. Salt l.ake City was at 
 that time the Mecca toward which he directed his course. 
 Arriving here, he was/ not long In associating himself 
 with the men who stood at the head of his chosen pro- 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 39 
 
 fession In this city. We ac- 
 cordingly find him complet- 
 ing his law studies under 
 the direction of Hon. W. H. 
 Dickson. He was admitted 
 to the bar the same year, 
 and at once engaged in the 
 practice of his profession. 
 In 1891 he was made Assis- 
 tant City Attorney, a posi- 
 tion which he held until 
 two years later. While act- 
 ing in the capacity of As- 
 sistant City Attorney, he 
 also occupied the same po- 
 sition in the County Attor- 
 ney's office, serving with 
 Mr. Walter Murphy until 
 
 DENNIS C. EICHNOR. 
 
 1894. Upon completing his term of office with Mr. Murphy 
 he was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention, 
 held in 1895. While serving in the capacity of Chairman 
 of the Committee on Municipal Corporations, Mr. Eichnor 
 introduced the bill which was inserted in the Constitution 
 prohibiting any municipality from leasing or selling its 
 water works. 
 
 In 1900 Mr. Eichnor received a handsome majority in 
 being elected District Attorney for the Third Judicial 
 District, the term of office extending over a period of 
 four years. The efficiency with which he has discharged 
 the duties of his office has met the applause of all good 
 citizens, regardless of party tenets. Since 1898 Mr. 
 Eichnor has been the Chairman of the Republican County 
 Committee, and in 1899 was elected Chairman of the Re- 
 publican City Committee. He has conducted the cam- 
 paigns for both city and county elections in a most mas- 
 terful manner since holding the position which he has 
 upon the committees. 
 
 GEORGE W. BARTCH. 
 
 GEORGE W. BARTCH is a native of the "Keystone" 
 State, having been born in Dushore, March 
 15, 1849. He spent the early years of his 
 life on a farm, his time being divided between the 
 duties of most boys of his time and attendance at 
 the public schools. At the age of eight, young Bartch 
 was left an orphan, and the success which he achieved 
 while yet a young man in his native state and the honors 
 which have since been conferred upon him are the result 
 and reward of a studious and ambitious nature. At the 
 age of seventeen he commenced to teach, thereby acquir- 
 ing funds necessary for the continuance of his studies. He 
 attended and graduated from the State Normal School, at 
 Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, in the class of '71. Not content 
 with a mere diploma from a Normal School, he continued 
 his studies at that institution of learning for a number of 
 years, finally receiving the degree of M. S. from his alma 
 mater. 
 
 For ten years after receiving his diploma, Mr. Bartch 
 was engaged in educational work in his native state. 
 After leaving the schools Professor Bartch was admitted to 
 the bar as a practitioner in 1884, at Bloomsburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania, where he met with immediate and gratifying success. 
 In 1871 he was united in marriage to Miss Amanda A. 
 Guild, an accomplished young lady of exceptional attain- 
 ments. Illness in his family in the year 1886 made it im- 
 perative that he should seek a more congenial climate, and 
 in that year he became a resident of Canon City, Colorado. 
 Upon establishing himself in that city, Judge Bartch met 
 with a degree of success that was directly attributed to his 
 knowledge of the many technical points of law. His prac- 
 tice was an extensive one, and his was a familiar face be- 
 fore the courts of that and adjoining counties. 
 
 In 1888 he removed to Salt Lake City, forming a part- 
 nership with Judge Blackburn. The law firm was receiving 
 well merited practice, when the late President Harrison 
 appointed Judge Blackburn Associate Justice of the Su- 
 preme Court of the Territory, and Judge Bartch Judge of 
 the Probate Court of Salt Lake County, which at that time 
 was a most important office, the court being constantly in 
 session. He continued in that office until appointed Asso- 
 ciate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory on Jan- 
 uary 4th, 1893. No better or more conclusive evidence of 
 the popularity of Judge Bartch could be presented than the 
 
 simple announcement that he has held office continuously 
 ever since his first appointment. He was elected a member 
 of the State Supreme Court in 1895, and was the Chief Jus- 
 tice during 1889 and 1900. In the latter year he was re- 
 elected to succeed himself, for a six year term, which will 
 not expire until 1906. 
 
 HON. GEORGE W. BARTCH. 
 
 Judge Bartch's human sympathies and thoughtful mind 
 have given him the power of clear and right perception of 
 things. In his judicial capacity his influence has been for 
 peace and harmony, based upon a higher regard for the 
 rights of others. He takes an active interest in promoting 
 the welfare of the city, and in public and private life 
 stands for the moral advancement of society and the higher 
 educational development of the community. 
 
4 o 
 
 ITAM TNI. INLAND 1.M1MR1 
 
 ARTHUR B. LliWIS. 
 
 IT IS a mistaken impression that mining is altogether a 
 matter of chance. To the prospector, who scours the 
 hills with pick and shovel the element of chance must be 
 conceded; but to the careful investor and capitalist mining 
 may be conducted upon a basis as conservative as pertains 
 to most business enterprises. The men who have made 
 fortunes in the hidden treasures of the West are of two 
 classes; and while those who have risen from poverty to 
 
 braska. In the early '60's Nebraska was a new country, 
 and the boundless prairies offered few resources beyond 
 that of agriculture, a vocation which appealed strongly 
 to young Lewis. He received an education in the public 
 schools of the day, and by diligent application succeeded 
 in equipping himself for a course in the Ohio Wesleyan 
 University. He returned to Nebraska, where he became 
 Interested in educational and journalistic work, and found- 
 
 
 AH I MIR H 
 
 opulence In the space of a few years are glaring examples 
 of tbe possibilities offered In mining In this locality, the 
 great number who have entered the field as Investors must 
 stand for the conservative nature of this most alluring of 
 all pursuits. Almost without exception, men who have 
 applied sound business principles to mining In Utah have 
 been rewarded far beyond the possibilities offered In any 
 other Held of Investment. It in. therefore, with pleasure 
 that we present a brief biography of one of the best In- 
 stances of this class. 
 
 The great State of Ohio, which has given to our coun- 
 try so many able men In all walks of life. Is tbe place of 
 his nativity, he having made his debut upon life's stage 
 In Milan. Brie County. Ohio, on the tenth of August. 1867. 
 At tbe age of IS be accompanied his parents to Ne- 
 
 ed a number of papers, which he managed until his re- 
 moval to Chicago, where for many years he was managing 
 editor of the Lumber Trade Journal, a paper which, under 
 his direction, prospered and attained an enviable reputa- 
 tion, and became an acknowledged authority nn all sub- 
 iMTtalnlng to the lumber Industry. In 1889, Mr. 
 Ix>wls's attention was called to the great possibilities In 
 mining In the West, and accordingly the same year he 
 mad*- his Initial move In the calling which was destined to 
 bring him fortune and Inthn n< I 
 
 HIM first *x|M'ti. IH took place In the South Pass Dis- 
 trict. In Wyoming, whore ho operated for some time. He 
 next became Interested In properties at Idaho Springs. 
 Colorado, one of the oldest camps In that State, and the 
 borne of some of the famous sliver mines of early days. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 Mr. Lewis has always exercised the utmost caution in his 
 selection of properties, and after a mining experience cov- 
 ering thirteen years in the principal camps of the West, 
 he can look back upon his career with the satisfaction of 
 having seen the properties under his control, maintain 
 the reputation which he predicted for them. 
 
 In 1896 Mr. Lewis first became interested in the min- 
 ing possibilities of this great Commonwealth. In that year 
 he made a trip to Beaver County, and at once became im- 
 pressed with the mineral wealth of the district, which at 
 that time was in an undeveloped condition. Time has 
 proven the correctness of his judgment, however, and the 
 San Francisco Star, North Star, Rocky and Beaver Lake 
 Mining Districts are now acknowleged to be among the 
 richest in the State. 
 
 After spending five years in perfecting his plans, ac- 
 quiring land and securing options on claims in the richest 
 mineralized zones in the district, Mr. Lewis, in December, 
 1900, organized and incorporated the Imperial Copper Min- 
 ing Company in Chicago, with a capital of $5,000,000, of 
 a par value of $10 per share. He was elected President 
 of the Company and retains a controlling interest in the 
 property. Associated with him in the Company as officers 
 and directors are the following well-known capitalists and 
 financiers: W. H. Alexander of Chicago, Vice-President; 
 J. P. Haynes of Chicago, Treasurer; and C. J. Caughey of 
 New York, and Judge C. C. Goodwin of Salt Lake City, 
 completing the Board of Directors. The property em- 
 braced in the holdings of the Imperial Copper Mining Com- 
 pany consists of a group of forty claims, including the 
 famous old Massachusetts and Quartzite mines. The loca- 
 tion of the property is in the San Francisco Mountains, 
 and in the mining district bearing that name. It lies to 
 the north of the great Horn Silver Mine, a property which 
 was one of Utah's earliest dividend payers and still con- 
 tinues as such. The Cactus Mine, recently purchased by 
 the bonanza king, Samuel Newhouse, for over a quarter 
 of a million, adjoins the Imperial, while Frisco, the present 
 terminus of the Oregon Short Line Railroad, lies but a few 
 miles distant. 
 
 It has been the policy of the management to prosecute 
 work with the utmost energy, and from the very first the 
 results have been most gratifying. 3,000 feet of develop- 
 ment work has been performed, consisting of tunnels, 
 shafts and other workings. The ore gives handsome re- 
 turns in gold, copper and silver, the smelter returns re- 
 vealing as much as 20 per cent in copper and from $2 to 
 $8 in gold per ton. The ore bodies found in the mine are 
 immense in propo tions, and the Imperial has a wonderful 
 future. 
 
 Having created foreign connection, and floated the 
 Imperial with such gratifying success, Mr. Lewis next 
 turned his attention to the organization and incorporation 
 of the Royal Copper Mining Company. In 1900 he had 
 secured control of 700 acres of valuable ground formerly 
 known as the old Cactus Group of mines, all of which had 
 formerly been worked at a profit, notwithstanding treat- 
 ment charges of $35.00 per ton at the smelters. After a 
 careful sampling of the ores and discovering good values 
 in copper, gold and silver, Mr. Lewis, with characteristic 
 quietness, launched the Royal Copper Mining Company, 
 immediately following the Imperial, he acting as President 
 and General Manager of this Company also. Work was 
 
 immediately commenced upon a three-compartment shaft, 
 with the object of sinking it to a depth of 1,000 feet 
 
 Mr. Lewis has exercised the greatest care in the se- 
 lection of properties, and the highest tribute that may be 
 paid his judgment is the unqualified success with which 
 his ventures have been favored. While this is necessarily 
 founded on the fact that the properties themselves pos- 
 sessed exceptional merit, it is but fair to attribute their suc- 
 cessful development to the influence of a far-seeing policy 
 in management, a ready grasp of conditions, and a force- 
 ful administration of office. In the Majestic Copper Mining 
 and Smelting Company, the most recent of Mr. Lewis' flo- 
 tations, we find no exception to the above assertion. The 
 Company has been launched under the most auspicious 
 circumstances. The mines of this Company were all 
 extensive producers formerly, but under the former smelter 
 charges of $35.00 per ton and no allowance for copper and 
 none for gold under $5.00 per ton they were closed down. 
 In this Company are the following groups: the Harrington- 
 Hickory, the O. K., the Old Hickory and the Vicksburg, 
 all good properties in the past, and with a record of hav- 
 ing produced over $1,250,000.00. Work on the properties 
 has been progressing most favorably under the direction 
 of Mr. Lewis, the greatest amount of development hav- 
 ing been done on the Adelia and Harrington-Hickory, where 
 the veins have been opened on various levels and large 
 amounts of ore extracted. Work on the Vicksburg has also 
 been prosecuted most vigorously and the mine is being 
 put in fine shape. The shaft on the O. K. has been the 
 scene of active operations for the past few months and 
 immense amounts of ore are being blocked out. 
 
 With characteristic decision, Mr. Lewis early deter- 
 mined to be independent of the smelters and the enor- 
 mous expense entailed by heavy freight charges. With 
 this idea in view the Company is now erecting a smelter 
 near Milford, where they will be able to handle the im- 
 mense quantities of ores which the properties will produce. 
 Mr. Lewis has ever been a man to read the great book of 
 human nature aright, and, as a result, has gathered about 
 him men whose attributes comport well with his own ex- 
 ceptional ability. The truth of this statement is reflected 
 in the able management of the Majestic Company. It is 
 but a question of a short time before it will have become 
 celebrated for the regularity and munificence of its divi- 
 dends, in the opinion of the best judges. 
 
 Mr. Lewis came to Utah equipped with the attributes 
 demanded in the successful man of business, and his ex- 
 perience has proved that their application to mining is 
 as valuable as in other pursuits. He has been con- 
 servative throughout, and none of his investments have 
 been made in the spirit of a gamble. In floating properties, 
 and few have been more successful, he has been no less 
 conservative in his representations, and as a result the 
 stockholders of the companies he has promoted have cause 
 to congratulate themselves. Furthermore, it may be said 
 that any properties coming under the influence of his man- 
 agement are rapidly developed and the interest of all con- 
 cerned religiously conserved. Mr. Lewis is a man of pre- 
 eminent executive ability and keen perception, and these 
 qualifications have combined with his sterling integrity 
 to establish a most enviable reputation for him in mining 
 circles throughout the State. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 MATTHEW H. WALKER. 
 
 THE men who have made fortunes In the West are of 
 two classes: and while those who have risen from 
 poverty to opulence in the space of a few years are 
 the glaring examples of the possibilities offered in mining 
 in this locality, the great number who have entered the 
 field as Investors Illustrate the conservative nature of 
 this most alluring of all pursuits. Almost without ex- 
 ception, men who have applied sound business principles 
 to mining In this "Inland Empire" have been rewarded far 
 beyond the possibilities offered in any other field of in- 
 vestment. Such an instance is found in the life of the 
 subject of this sketch. 
 
 A native of Yorkshire. England, Matthew H. Walker 
 began life in 1845. While a lad of some four or five years, 
 his parents removed to this country with their family, 
 settling at St. Louis, where for two years they remained 
 
 own account in this city, he was admitted to full part- 
 nership with them. In 1866 the boys purchased the cor- 
 ner occupied by the great private banking house of 
 Walker Brothers. At that time they had a general mer- 
 chandise store in the building, but by their honorable 
 methods they won the esteem and respect of all with 
 whom they came in contact, and in 1867. for the accom- 
 modation of their customers, who were in the habit of 
 leaving sums of money in their care, they established the 
 present firm of Walker Brothers, bankers, continuing in 
 ineir mercantile Interests as before. The success or tne 
 bank was assured from Its very inception. In 1885 the 
 bank was reorganized and changed from a private to a 
 national bank, and for the ensuing nine years was known 
 as the Union National Bank. At the expiration of that 
 period it was again incorporated as a private Institution 
 
 RKMDHSLE OK MATTHEW H. WAI.KKR. 
 To be errrtrd on South Tcmplr Slim. 
 
 before coming on to Salt Lake, with a band of hardy 
 pioneer* of those day*. After experiencing the many 
 hardships with which the venturesome settlers of those 
 days were forced to become familiar, the family arrived 
 In this valley In the year 1852. There were four sons In 
 the family, all of them older than Matthew, and that 
 they were endowed with more than the average ambi- 
 tion, perseverance and determination, has been evidenced 
 by the factors which they afterward* proved themselves 
 In the transformation of a desert wilderness to the pros- 
 perous commonwealth with which we deal In this publlca- 
 
 The school advantages of '61 In this valley were nee- 
 krtly limited, and the opportunities which young Wal- 
 ker had to secure an education were meagre Indeed. 
 !! haii. however, been a student all his life and from the 
 great teacher Experience be ha* acquired a knowledge 
 of men anil affairs equalled by few who have had op- 
 portunities thrust upon them. 
 
 He learned the mercantile business from the ground 
 up. and. when his brothers engaged In business on their 
 
 under Its original title, that of Walker Brothers, a name 
 by which It had been known for so many years previous. 
 For over a third of a century this establishment has been 
 among the most highly honored and respected in the 
 West, and during that time has known no reverses. 
 
 In 1873. associated with his brothers, Mr. Walker se- 
 < iin-il a large Interest In the Emma mine In Little Cotton- 
 wood Canyon, and after operating the property successfully 
 for a time disposed of the mine to a New York syndicate. 
 The mines of the famous Ophlr district next attracted his 
 attention, and he was one of the incorporators of the Pio- 
 neer Mining Milling Company, a pioneer In every sense 
 of the word, a statement which will be appreciated when 
 It becomes known that this company brought the flrst 
 stamp mill Into the territory. After successfully operating 
 the property for four years. Marcus Daly, the late cop- 
 per king of Montana, who at that time was In charge of 
 their Ophlr mine, was sent up Into Montana on an ex- 
 ploring trip for Walker Brothers. Marcus Daly's atten- 
 tion was called to the Alice mine on the famous Rain- 
 bow Lode. He reported favorably upon the prospect, and 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 43 
 
 two of the brothers, after making a trip to the property, 
 purchased it. No time was lost in moving their twenty- 
 stamp mill to the new location. The Alice for many years 
 was a most highly productive piece of property. At pres- 
 ent it is being worked by lessees. 
 
 Besides owning a controlling interest in the Alice, Mr. 
 Walker is treasurer and director of the Honerine of Stock- 
 ton, and is interested in the Little and Big Cottonwood 
 Canyons, as well as having large interests in the Tintic 
 district, and property in Shasta county, California. Mr. 
 Walker controls one of the largest dry goods establish- 
 ments between Denver and San Francisco. The busi- 
 ness is the outcome of the small mercantile establish- 
 ment which was started in 1859 by the Walker Brothers. 
 
 It is gratifying in reviewing the careers of men who 
 have won a golden reward in the West, to find so many 
 who have proved worthy of their good fortune; and 
 among those who enjoy the congratulations and good- 
 will of their fellow citizens none have stood higher than 
 the Walker Brothers, of whom Mr. M. H. Walker is the 
 sole surviving representative in this great commonwealth. 
 He has manifested enterprise in the inauguration of con- 
 cerns giving employment to hundreds of men; he has 
 demonstrated his public spirit by his magnanimous sup- 
 port of all worthy enterprises, and by the association of 
 his name with all moves tending to the moral and ma- 
 terial advancement of his city, county and State. 
 
 ARTHUR L. THOMAS. 
 
 AWAY back in the Keystone State, in smoky old Pitts- 
 burg, there was born, in 1850, a youth who had in 
 him rare determination. His education was obtained 
 in the common schools. This, however, was added to and 
 rounded out under the instruction of private tutors, and in 
 1869 he found himself employed in a clerical capacity in 
 the House of Representatives at Washington. He remained 
 there for ten years, being advanced from time to time to 
 responsible positions, and there he got his first practical 
 lessons in American politics. 
 
 It was in 1879 that Mr. Thomas came to Utah. His ar- 
 rival was important in that it was for the purpose of filling 
 the office of Secretary of the Territory. His appointment 
 was made by President Hayes. He served for four years 
 and was re-appointed to the same office by President Ar- 
 thur. For four years more Mr. Thomas discharged the 
 duties of Territorial Secretary, and in 1886, while still serv- 
 ing in that capacity, he was appointed by President Cleve- 
 land as a member of the Utah Commission. In 1880 he was 
 the Federal supervisor of Utah's census enumeration. In 
 1884 he was appointed by the Legislature as a member of 
 a committee to revise and compile the Territorial Statutes. 
 He was identified with the labors of this committee until 
 the spring of 1889, when he was appointed Governor of 
 Utah, his commission coming from President Harrison. His 
 term as Territorial Executive ran for four years. From 
 then until January, 1898, he devoted himself wholly to 
 business affairs and was very successful therein. At that 
 time he received the appointment from President McKinley 
 of Postmaster of Salt Lake City, and in January, 1902, was 
 re-appointed to the same office by President Roosevelt. 
 
 Mr. Thomas, while governor of Utah in 1890, issued 
 the call for the meeting of the first Irrigation Congress. 
 It was just before this time that Mr. Thomas co-6perated 
 with the legislature in securing the passage of the statute 
 that gave to Utah the free school system of the present 
 day. It is an historical fact that business of all kinds 
 prospered in the territory under the administration of 
 Governor Thomas and that more development work was 
 done at that time than during any previous similar period. 
 His administration, too, witnessed some of the most stir- 
 ring as well as some of the most important events. 
 
 Aside from the responsibilities attaching to these 
 larger offices Mr. Thomas has had many duties to dis- 
 charge in other directions of public trust, such as being a 
 member of the board of directors of the Deseret Agricul- 
 tural and Manufacturing Society and divers other organi- 
 
 zations. He was chairman of the commission which 
 adopted the plans and erected the State Prison in 1891, 
 chairman of the board of trustees which erected, two years 
 previously, the first buildings of the Agricultural College 
 at Logan ; also a member of the commission which com- 
 pleted the Reform School buildings at Ogden; member of 
 the board of insane asylum commissioners at Provo, and 
 chairman of the Republican state convention which elect- 
 
 HON. ARTHUR L. THOMAS. 
 
 ed delegates to the Republican National convention which 
 nominated McKinley at St. Louis in 1896. For the past 
 ten years he has been a member of the Republican state 
 executive committee and was a member of the last Re- 
 publican convention that nominated Hon. George Suther- 
 land for Congress. Since acting as postmaster, however, 
 he has refrained from taking the stump or otherwise en- 
 gaging actively in political work. During his terms of 
 office as postmaster business has constantly increased in 
 the Salt Lake office, while the service has been as good 
 as can be found in any city of similar size in the country. 
 Mr. Thomas takes great personal pride in it and has se- 
 sured some appreciated reforms. He has also had very 
 much to do with the installation of the rural delivery sys- 
 tem in this county, which is greatly appreciated by the 
 residents in the different sections where it has been put 
 into operation. 
 
44 
 
 UTAH THK INLAND l.MI'IKK 
 
 DAVID KEITH. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch began his career at an age 
 when most young men of the present day are re- 
 ceiving their educational training, and his active 
 life forms an interesting and instructive lesson, especially 
 to the aspiring youth of the time who desires to achieve 
 success. In Utah there are few more respected citizens than 
 David Keith, and he stands among the leading men of 
 this State in Influence and wealth. Success has not made 
 him a less genial, wholesouled, charitable gentleman 
 than he was when a fairly successful miner in the days 
 
 ing to try has fortune in the West, went to California. 
 After a short stay in San Francisco, he went to Virginia 
 City, Nevada. The Comstock in those days was the great- 
 est mineral producing section in the world, and untold 
 wealth was being taken from the mother earth. Young 
 men of ability were in demand by the mine owners, and 
 Mr. Keith found no difficulty in securing employment. His 
 early training in Nova Scotia stood him well in band, and 
 being of temperate habits, he soon won advancement. He 
 was foreman of the Overman and Caledonia mines, and 
 
 DAVID 
 
 when be operated on the Comstock. but, on the contrary, 
 Mr. Keith si 111 IliulH pleasure In helping those who deserve 
 help. It has been Mid truthfully of those who have amassed 
 wealth In the mining Industry that In obtaining fortune 
 ihcmielves they take from no other Individual, but. on the 
 rontrary. add to the material wealth of the country. Mr. 
 K.-itti has not alone added to the material wealth of Utah, 
 hut In his own surceM has been ft factor In adding to that 
 I others. 
 
 David Keith was born May 27. 1847 at Mabou. Cape 
 Hreii.n Island. Nova Scotlft. and I* a son of John Keith 
 an>l Margaret Ness-Keith. His father was a farmer, and 
 the family Is of Scotch descent After attending the 
 public schools Mr. Keith, though only a lad of fourteen 
 years of age. In order to assist In the support of hl 
 family, went to work In the cold mines of Nova Scotia. 
 He followed this pursuit for five years and then, determln- 
 
 .in H. 
 
 when the famoua Korman shaft was projected by the 
 owners of the Overman Mine, Mr. Keith was selected as 
 the man to take charge of this Important work. The 
 results were not what the projectors of this work had 
 anticipated, hut the shaft was sunk between twenty-three 
 hundred anil twenty-four hundred feet before It was aban- 
 doned. In the sixteen years that Mr. Keith was on the 
 Comstock, he made an enviable reputation for himself as 
 a mining man. and when he left that section In 1883 for 
 Park City. Utah, his fame had preceded him; but. like 
 most of the mining men <>f that period, his worldly pos- 
 sessions were de. i,|.-,ii\ meagre. First he became foreman 
 of the Ontario No. 3 Mine, which position he held for eight 
 years. 
 
 Practically the first operation In which Mr. Keith 
 was Interested on his own account was when. In company 
 with Thomas Kcarns and others, he secured a lease on 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 45 
 
 the Mayflower, and worked it successfully for a time, 
 the property finally becoming involved in litigation with 
 the Northland Mining Company, which seriously hampered 
 operations for some time. The Northland was afterwards 
 bought by the Silver King people. Numerous other proper- 
 ties were brought to his attention, some of which he 
 interested himself in. His experiences were similar to 
 hundreds of Western mining men, who have wooed and 
 won fortune in the hidden treasure houses of Nature 
 among the Utah hills. But all this time Mr. Keith was 
 familiarizing himself with the character and formation 
 of the country contiguous to the camp. 
 
 It was in the early 90's th'at David Keith, associated 
 with Thomas Kearns and others, bought the property 
 which has made the Park City District famous. The ore 
 showed remarkable values, and after doing sufficient work 
 to conclusively demonstrate that the ore bodies werf 
 
 for many times their cost. The wisdom of his course grows 
 evident daily. Give him the credit also for being a man 
 who, suddenly becoming wealthy, has exercised a wisdom 
 in its use reciprocally to the advantage of himself and the 
 community in which he lives. 
 
 Four years ago Mr. Keith removed to Salt Lake City, 
 where he has since made his abode. He erected one of 
 the most beautiful and imposing homes in the State, situ- 
 ated in the choicest residence portion of the city. He 
 has acquired other valuable real estate holdings in various 
 parts of the business and residence portions of the city, 
 and has evidenced his faith in the supremacy of both by 
 the erection of some of the most substantial business 
 blocks to be seen on our streets. He has always pur- 
 chased for investment and not for speculation, and the 
 property he owns is to a large extent producing income. 
 His mining interests are by no means confined to the Park 
 
 RESIDENCE OF DAVID KEITH. 
 
 of immense proportions and secure a patent, the Silver 
 King Mining Company was organized and incorporated in 
 August, 1892, and from that date active development work 
 and production began. 
 
 The reins of management having been placed in the 
 hands of Thomas Kearns and David Keith, a policy of 
 expansion was at once inaugurated. In the original 
 instance it was a necessity, owing to the fact that the 
 Silver King claims were of insufficient area for the prose- 
 cution of extensive operations such as were contemplated. 
 Not the wealth of the Silver King alone, but its location 
 in the midst of the camp's largest producers made the 
 surrounding and unexplored territory valuable assets. 
 Mr. Keith was not slow to recognize this fact, and at his 
 instance the company has expended vast sums in adding 
 to its territory in the last ten years, representing a series 
 of investments which the company would not forfeit today 
 
 City district nor, indeed, the State. He is heavily inter- 
 ested in various properties throughout the camps of Ne- 
 vada, a state in which he is thoroughly acquainted with 
 all the mines and mining men. 
 
 Mr. Keith is a man of strong character, and as such, 
 has won prominence in hisl profession. He is a man 
 of comprehensive judgment, and, as such, has conducted 
 vast mining operations with ability and success. He Is 
 also a man of generous public spirit and has contributed 
 most liberally to the general interest. He is a man 
 who receives the congratulations of his fellows when 
 fortune smiles, and such a one as would retain their 
 friendship and esteem should the fickle dame choose to 
 frown. He is a man of exalted ideas, and loyal and 
 unflinching in all his relations; and among the mining 
 men of this and adjacent states few men are held In 
 higher esteem for worthy attributes of character than he. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND KMPIRI. 
 
 EDWARD PAYSON FERRY. 
 
 THE FAME of the Park City Mining District is world 
 wide, and this fact is due not alone to the wonder- 
 ful riches nature has stored up In the everlasting 
 hills of Summit County, but equally to the brains, energy 
 and perseverance of the men who cast their lot in that 
 region, and in presenting any facts regarding the great 
 mining camp, it Is a duty, as well as a pleasure, to pay 
 tribute to those who have forced the treasures from their 
 hiding places and aided in giving the Park the high repu- 
 tation it has obtained. Among those who have been most 
 prominent in this respect, none are more worthy of special 
 
 the lirm. Their interests extended at that time pretty 
 much over the State of Michigan and included a number 
 of lumber carrying vessels upon the Great Lakes. At one 
 time the firm enjoyed the distinction of being the largest 
 lumber merchants in Michigan, a State which had more 
 lumber kings than all other States combined. The work 
 attached to so great a commercial enterprise fell heavily 
 upon the junior member of the firm, as his brother Hon. 
 Thomas W. Ferry, took an active part in State and Na- 
 tional politics, thus leaving the management of their vast 
 lumber Interests to his brother Edward. In addition to 
 the responsibilities incident to the successful directing of 
 
 HOWARD PAYSON KERRY. 
 
 mention than the man who Is the subject of this biography. 
 Kdward Payson Ferry wan born In Orand Haven, Mich- 
 igan, In 1837. HI* father was one of the first white settlers 
 In Ottawa County, having emigrated to Western Michi- 
 gan when It was the frontier State of the Union. It was 
 but a natural sequence that he should become din* My 
 Interested In the lumber business, as Michigan has long 
 been known as the greatest timber State of that region. 
 His son, Kdward. after receiving his education In the pub- 
 lic school* cif bin native rlly and later taking a course 
 at that celebrated Institution of learning. ll-L.lt College, 
 followed In the footsteps of his Illustrious sire. In connec- 
 tion with his brother. Thomas W. Ferry, he formed the 
 firm of Ferry A Bro.. Edward P. being junior member of 
 
 so great an enterprise. Mr. Ferry for twenty years was the 
 political manager of his brother Thomas W. Ferry. That 
 he displayed a rare knowledge of men anil possessed ex- 
 ecutive ability to a marked degree will be admitted with- 
 out a dissenting voice when It Is announced that under his 
 management Thomas W. Ferry made his presence felt In 
 National political life for over twenty years. He served 
 his State as Representative fur four terms and wan i:it- i 
 elected Senator at the expiration of bin first term Immedi- 
 ately succeeding himself. The strain of so strenuous a life 
 made It necessary for Mr. Ferry to abandon for the time 
 being his extensive Intercuts In bin native State, and M- -K 
 recuperation In a milder climate. Accordingly. In 1878. 
 at a time when the wonderful riches of Utah's mineral 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 47 
 
 wealth were being heralded to the world, we find him a 
 resident of Park City. 
 
 Stagnation and retrogression were not elements of 
 the young man's character. It was his role in life's drama 
 to rise and advance; hence it was but in the nature of 
 things that shortly after his arrival he became interested 
 in the mines of the district. At that time the famous 
 Ontario was the bonanza of the State, and by many con- 
 ceded to be the only property in the district worth locat- 
 ing; Mr. Ferry, with far-seeing judgment, became con- 
 vinced that the ore bodies which were making the owners 
 of the Ontario wealthy, extended beyond the limits of the 
 Company's property, and he quietly began the purchase 
 and location of claims in the district. Mr. Ferry demon- 
 strated by the success of his initial experiences, that it is 
 not so much mining luck as correct business principles 
 which are requisite to success in mining operations. 
 
 In company with former associates in Michigan, Mr. 
 Ferry located and secured by patenting, an interest in 
 many properties in the district, in the meantime thor- 
 oughly familiarizing himself with the geological forma- 
 tion of the camp before attempting to promote a company. 
 In the early '80's, after having spent several years in the 
 district, he, in connection with others, effected a combina- 
 tion of several claims and companies and organized them 
 into the Crescent Mining Company. Mr. Ferry acted as 
 Vice-President and General Manager of the property for 
 a number of years until it was disposed of to other parties. 
 It is a noteworthy fact, that under the active direction of 
 Mr. Ferry as General Manager the Company paid the only 
 dividends which it ever distributed. Among the other 
 promotions of Mr. Ferry are the Woodside and the Boss, 
 both properties having been worked and patented for 
 many years and the controlling interest still being retained 
 by Mr. Ferry. 
 
 In 1888, in connection with the Cleveland multi-million- 
 aire, John L. Wood, Mr. Ferry financed the Anchor Min- 
 ing Company. The promotion was effected by the consoli- 
 dation of various interests in the district, some of which 
 were involved in litigation at the time. Mr. Ferry as- 
 sumed his customary active position in the direction of the 
 affairs of the Company, with the result that the Anchor 
 Mine developed marvelously during the succeeding few 
 years. It is interesting to note, in this connection, that the 
 property was sold last spring to the Daly-Judge Mining 
 Company, of which that veteran miner. John J. Daly, is 
 the President and heaviest owner. The Daly-Judge people 
 own extensive interests adjoining the Anchor property, 
 and they will be developed through the Anchor shaft and 
 tunnel. 
 
 Among the big bonanzas in which Mr. Ferry is a stock- 
 holder, we mention the great Silver King, which he as- 
 sisted in organizing; the Daly -West, which is noted for the 
 regularity and munificence of its dividends; and the fa- 
 mous Quincy Mine of the same district; also the parent of 
 all Park City properties, the celebrated Ontario, which has 
 a record of having disbursed over fourteen million dollars 
 to its owners. Aside from his mining interests, Mr. Ferry 
 is an extensive owner of real estate in Park City, and was 
 one of the original owners of the townsite company, upon 
 whose lands the camp has been built. In 1890 he became 
 interested in the great forests of Washington, where on 
 the shores of Puget Sound he acquired immense tracts of 
 the finest timber land in this country. He organized a 
 company, now known as the Ferry-Baker Lumber Company, 
 and commenced an energetic crusade in the business pur- 
 sued by his father before him. The acquisition of addi- 
 tional interests, however, proved too much for his impaired 
 health, and shortly after, he was compelled to relinquish 
 the management of his extensive interests to his sons, 
 one of whom, E. S. Ferry, is a law partner of Joseph T. 
 Richards, and the other, William Montague Ferry, by 
 reason of special training with a view to relieving his 
 father of the responsibilities and the cares incidental to his 
 mining interests, is especially fitted to hold the position 
 he does in relation to his father's business. 
 
 While so much of Mr. Ferry's time was necessarily 
 engaged in his private interests, he was not blind to the 
 obligations imposed by good citizenship, and in 1888 and 
 again four years later his influence was felt upon the floor 
 of the Legislature, as a Representative from Summit 
 County. He was honored a number of times as Delegate 
 to the Trans-Mississippi Congress, and at the meeting of 
 that organization in Denver in 1891, he was elected per- 
 manent Chairman. Among the distinguishing traits of 
 Mr. Ferry's character, not the least predominant and praise- 
 worthy is his philanthropy. The magnanimity with which 
 he conducted his relations with the laboring man has been 
 the occasion of most favorable comment, wherever his 
 generous acts are known. Mining, the pursuit in which 
 he attained a fortune, owes much to the man whose per- 
 severance and well directed efforts have added evidence 
 to the fact that this field of enterprise is as much the 
 realm of the business man and financier as it is of the 
 speculator and investor. The community in which he lives 
 is indebted to him no less for the influence of his career 
 than for the unfailing and liberal support he extended to 
 all projects conceived in the interest of the moral and 
 material welfare of the City and State; and it is but just 
 to say that few citizens of Salt Lake City, public or private, 
 are held in higher esteem than he. 
 
4 8 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 JOHN DERN. 
 
 IT HAS been urged against mining by the novitiate that 
 one has to be the "early bird" to reap a harvest of gold. 
 
 No impression could be more erroneous, as has been 
 demonstrated beyond dispute by the countless instances 
 to the contrary in mining history ; and residents of this 
 section do not have to search far for convincing evi- 
 dence that every day has its opportunities, and that they 
 are not reserved for the "lucky" man more than for the 
 conservative and far-seeing investor. Especially Is this 
 true of quartz mining, where extensive development is 
 required to exploit a mine, and even in the case of placers 
 the successful working of 
 abandoned ground is of fre- 
 quent occurrence. Among the 
 striking examples afforded in 
 Utah substantiating the pre- 
 ceding assertion, the Deseret 
 News could present no better 
 individual instance than that 
 found in the following ca- 
 reer: 
 
 Born in Germany in the 
 year 1850, the early boyhood 
 of John Dern was spent in his 
 native land, until he attained 
 the age of fifteen, at which 
 time he came to this country, 
 settling In Illinois, where he 
 had a married sister. In the 
 spring of 1869 the Union Pa- 
 cific Railroad was completed 
 and the great plains States 
 experienced their first real in- 
 flux of settlers. Among the 
 throng who battled for a home 
 In Nebraska was young Dern, 
 then still in his teens. Fre- 
 mont was little more than a 
 frontier town in those days, 
 but the rich agricultural land 
 surrounding It proved a 
 source of attraction for set- 
 tlers, and In farming Mr. 
 lii-rn made his first start 
 In life. 
 
 Being of a commercial turn of mind. Mr. Dern was 
 nut content to remain a farmer, but only used this occupa- 
 tion as a stepping stone to something more to his liking. 
 By 1880 he had accumulated sufficient capital to engage In 
 hiiHlncss. and recognizing the opportunities afforded In 
 handling grain, lumber, coal and live stock, he embarked 
 In thU pursuit. During the next ten years he was estab- 
 lished In this line of business In Fremont and nearby towns 
 In Dodge County. 
 
 While Mr. Dern'* business affairs necessarily en- 
 grossed the greater portion of his time, he still found op- 
 pot (unity and inclination to respond to the obligations 
 Imposed by good citizenship. We accordingly find him 
 representing the counties of Dodge and Washington, In 
 t!i- Tenth District, as State Senator In 1889 and 1890. He 
 also served bis party as treasurer of Dodge County for two 
 I.TIDK during the early '90s. During his Incumbency he 
 thoroughly demonstrated his fitness for the office, and 
 served to the satisfaction of his constituents. 
 
 Naturally In his dally association with men of affairs 
 be became Interested In numerous business and manufac- 
 
 JOHN DERN 
 
 luring enterprises. In 1892 he disposed of his grain busi- 
 ness and purchased farms of the most productive land in 
 that section of the State, which he secured during the 
 financial depression prevalent In 1892, 1893 and 1894. 
 These interests he still retains. 
 
 It was 12 years ago that Messrs H. W. Brown and G. 
 S. Peyton, former residents of Nebraska, who were then 
 living in Salt Lake, induced Mr. Dern, E. H. Airis and 
 other Fremont men to become interested in what was 
 afterwards known as the great "Mercur" mine, at that time a 
 mere prospect, and white it was known since 1870, when 
 
 what is now Mercur was the 
 mining camp of Lewiston, to 
 have carried gold In consider- 
 able quantities, no effort had 
 been made to do mining for 
 gold. The ores were not free 
 milling and little had been 
 done except to work the mines 
 for silver. 
 
 Upon arriving on the 
 ground, in the interests of 
 himself and associates, to ex- 
 amine the property. Mr. Dern, 
 although not a mining man, 
 believed from the surface 
 showings that the prospects 
 were good for developing big 
 ore bodies. He accordingly 
 recommended to his associ- 
 ates the purchase of the prop- 
 erty. They immediately com- 
 menced the development of 
 the mine and were rewarded 
 beyond their most sanguine 
 expectations. The Mercur 
 Gold Mining and Milling 
 Company was incoriwrated in 
 1890, the company having suf- 
 ficient ore blocked out to 
 warrant the erection of an 
 amalgamation plant. This pro- 
 cess proved a failure.however, 
 as only 15 per cent, of the 
 metal was saved. Various changes and experiments were 
 made without success, and had it not been that the mine 
 developed so well the owners would undoubtedly have 
 suspended operations. Their perseverance was rewarded, 
 however. In the discovery of the cyanide process for treat- 
 Ing ores, which proved a wonderful success with them. H 
 Is appropriate to state In this connection that the Mercur 
 was the first mine In the United States to adopt this pro- 
 cess In the extraction of gold. 
 
 It Is a noteworthy fact that many of the successful 
 mining operators of the West are men who have entered 
 the flelil wit hunt previous mining experience, a considera- 
 tion which would Indicate 'that It Is not so much mining 
 lore as correct business principles that are requisite to suc- 
 cess In mining operations. Mr. Dern Is an Instance In 
 point. His first mining experience was In connecton with 
 the Men-iir mine, and he was the organizer and Incorpora- 
 te of the Mercur Oold Mining and Milling Company, of 
 which he was president until IU consolidation with the 
 De La Mar mines two years ago. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 49 
 
 A history of the consolidation of the Mercur mine with 
 the Golden Gate properties, owned by Captain De La Mar, 
 the bonanza king of a dozen States, is a most interesting 
 one. The deal was accomplished in Europe by Mr. John 
 Dern and Captain De La Mar. The total area of the com- 
 pany's ground is 944 acres. One million shares made up 
 the total of the stock in the new company, which was incor- 
 porated under the title of Consolidated Mercur Gold 
 Mines Company. 
 
 The merger of the various mines proved a most shrewd 
 and diplomatic move on the part of Mr. Dern, and met 
 with the best possible result from a practical standpoint 
 for both mines. The economical and successful treatment 
 of all the ores of both mines was made possible, while a 
 vigorous system of development work opened up immense 
 
 property is now in most excellent condition. He is also 
 a director and heavily interested in the Dexter-Tuscarora 
 Consolidated Gold Mines Company, and has since acquired 
 many other valuable mining interests. Among his most 
 recent investments is the purchasing of a controlling 
 interest in and the organization of the Creole Mining Com- 
 pany of Park City. This company owns valuable claims in 
 the best mineralized zone of the famous Park City district. 
 
 Mr. Dern has exercised the utmost caution in the se- 
 lection of the properties, and the highest tribute that may 
 be paid his judgment is the unqualified success with which 
 his ventures have been favored. While this is necessarily 
 founded on the fact that the properties themselves pos- 
 sessed exceptional merit, it is but fair to attribute their 
 successful development to the influence of a far-seeing 
 
 RESIDENCE OF JOHN DERN. 
 
 new ore bodies in both the Golden Gate and the Mercur, 
 which insured the successful operation of the largest cya- 
 nide plant in the world for years to come. Among the 
 improvements inaugurated was an electric tramway con- 
 necting the two mines. 
 
 The company immediately took rank as one of the 
 heaviest producers and dividend payers in the State, and 
 in this connection it is pertinent to say that the Consoli- 
 dated Mercur employs more men than any other metal 
 mine in Utah. 
 
 Mr. Dern was Vice-President of the Consolidated Mer- 
 cur Gold Mines Company until the last of February, when 
 he and his friends acquired the De La Mar interests in the 
 company, whereupon he was chosen President, while E. H. 
 Airis, of the Dexter Tuscarora Consolidated Gold Mines 
 Company became Vice-President, and George H. Dern 
 Treasurer and General Manager. 
 
 In 1901 Mr. Dern assisted in organizing the Consoli- 
 dated Uncle Sam Mining Company. This was formerly 
 the old Jesse Knight property, located at Tintic. Since 
 the consolidation work has been pushed rapidly and the 
 
 policy in management, a ready grasp of conditions and 
 a forceful administration of office. Mr. Dern has ever 
 been a man to read the great book of human nature aright, 
 and, as a result, has gathered about him men whose at- 
 tributes comport well with his own exceptional ability. 
 The truth of this statement is reflected in the able man- 
 agement of the great Mercur property, which has become 
 celebrated for the regularity and munificence of its divi- 
 dends. 
 
 John Dern is a typical Western man. He possesses the 
 generosity and warm-hearted hospitality of the Rockies, 
 and the traits of character which won him friends in for- 
 mer days bind them to him to-day. He is one who has 
 accepted fortune graciously, nor has permitted it to 
 estrange the friendships of former days. Mr. Dern is a 
 man of praiseworthy public spirit, and has contributed 
 directly or indirectly to the furtherance of all public 
 moves meriting his support that have been inaugurated of 
 late years. In public and private life he stands for the 
 moral advancement of society, and the influence of his 
 presence in the community is for culture and moral growth. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMP1RI 
 
 P. A. H. FRANKLIN. 
 
 THE lives of tbe men who have won fame and fortune 
 In the mineral wealth of the West furnish the biog- 
 rapher with material for romance, and their expe- 
 riences are the warp and woof of anecdotes more engaging 
 than the tales of the Arabian Nights. Among the many 
 who compose this colony in Salt Lake City few are better 
 known than the above-named gentleman. To him attaches 
 an interest as one of the successful promoters and mlne- 
 
 antl young Franklin inherited the sterling qualities of 
 character predominant in the race. He was educated in 
 his native land where at seventeen years of age he entered 
 a military school as a private. He was a diligent student 
 and made rapid progress. His scholastic education con- 
 tinued uninterruptedly until his graduation from the insti- 
 tution as an officer in the army at twenty-two. While in 
 the military school, he early developed a taste for mechan- 
 
 P. A. H. FRANKLIN 
 
 ownem in the State. Success, however, has wrought nn 
 miracle alienating him from lilt* fellow men. He is the 
 courteous. unassuming business man that he was 
 I term- Fortune consented to smile upon him. To 
 say that Dr. Franklin has had an Intensely interesting 
 career is expressing it but mildly; few men of this 
 '"iritry bare succeeded In so marked a degree. In spite of 
 obstacles, as be. 
 
 Dr. P. A. H. Franklin Is one of the million born sons 
 of Norway adopted by Uncle 8am. He made his debut 
 upon life's stage fifty-live yearn ago. on the 8th of August. 
 1847. HU parents were of a sturdy Norwegian ancestry. 
 
 Irs and engineering, and accordingly took a course la 
 rlvll engineering. Immediately upon his leaving the mllf 
 tary school he was apiiolnted a civil engineer for the 
 Danish government. The most Important piece of engln- 
 ..MIII- .! "iiu.lisheii by him during tbe ensuing three 
 years In which he was retained as a government engineer 
 was tbe draining of th<> famous Seabourg Sea. This 
 remarkable engineering feat was accomplished by running 
 canals four miles to tbe ocean, Seabourg Sea being four 
 feet above the ocean level. 12,000 acres of fertile farm- 
 ing land were thereby maile (it for tilling. There Is an his- 
 toric feature connected with this Incident In the young 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 engineer's life. The castle of Queen Catherine, famous 
 in history, stood upon the very edge of this body of water, 
 which by drainage was rendered farming land. 
 
 In 1873. at the age of 26. young Franklin left his native 
 land for the greater possibilities offered to ambitious youths 
 on this side of the water. Arriving in this country with- 
 out friends or even a knowledge of the English language, 
 he remained but a short time in New York before start- 
 ing West. He visited Pittsburg, Chicago and many other 
 points in the Middle States before finally deciding to come 
 to Utah, which at that time was attracting world wide 
 attention by its mining excitement. Accordingly the 
 same year, 1873, found him a resident of this state, where 
 he has since lived. 
 
 With a capital consisting of determination to win, 
 backed by the home influences which had instilled into 
 his very fibre the elements of industry, thrift and honesty 
 that were to count for so much in his after life, he im- 
 mediately looked about him for employment in the voca- 
 tion which had so strongly appealed to 'h/im mining. He 
 first secured work as a common miner in the famous old 
 Flagstaff mine in the Little Cottonwood Canyon. Right 
 here was the difference between Dr. Franklin and the 
 average prospector and miner. Devoid of experience or 
 knowledge touching geology and mineralogy, he read and 
 studied, and so equipped himself to recognize indications 
 which would pass unnoticed by the superficial and igno- 
 rant genius, among whom he was so marked an exception. 
 
 After remaining at the Flagstaff for three years, during 
 which time he occupied various positions from drill- 
 man and common miner to shift boss and foreman, he 
 finally, in 1876, left the camp. His next venture was at 
 the great copper camp of Frisco, where he erected a 
 saw mill and secured adjacent timber land from which to 
 draw his supply of lumber. He sawed most of the lumber 
 used in the construction of the houses in the old town of 
 Frisco, as well aa having supplied the timbers for the 
 Horn Silver Mine. Having thus acquainted himself with 
 the intricacies of practical mining and the saw mill in- 
 dustry,, he was next engaged in work upon the Horn 
 Silver smelter, where he acquired a complete knowledge 
 of the process and the plant. He was also employed in 
 building the first dry concentrating mill ever erected in 
 this State, the old Carbonate and Rattler Mine having let 
 the contract. 
 
 It is not our purpose, within the compass of this 
 sketch, to follow his career through the various camps of 
 the West that claimed his attention for the seven years 
 intervening between 1883 and the time of his first promo- 
 tion in 1890. But we may say briefly that his experience 
 was that of hundreds of other Western mining men who 
 have, in the course of their careers, made and lost 
 a score of fortunes. The American mining man of moder- 
 ate resources is a born plunger, and it is through his fear- 
 less investment that the mineral wealth of the continent 
 has been exploited and opened up; and, incidentally, that 
 many individual instances are recorded where prominent 
 mining men have found themselves once more at the foot 
 of the ladder. 
 
 In 1890 Dr. Franklin secured an option on the Niagara 
 Mine of Bingham, and incorporated it as the Niagara Min- 
 ing Company. He was the supreme head and manager 
 of the company for some time, finally disposing of his 
 interests in the property. Later he became interested in 
 the old Hope Mine of Basin City, Montana. It would be 
 strange indeed if, in his daily contact with mining men, 
 Dr. Franklin should not have been interested in the field 
 of promotion. He established substantial connections in 
 the East, and accordingly in 1896, he promoted the sale 
 of the United States Mining Company in Boston, a prop- 
 erty which early secured a place upon the list of dividend 
 payers, and one whose stock is much siought after. In 
 1898 he organized the Blackbird Copper-Gold Mining 
 Company, of which he is the President and General Man- 
 ager. The property of the company consists of 103 claims 
 surrounding the famous Cactus Mine, now owned by 
 Samuel Newhouse and associates. The company also has 
 67 claims in the Blackbird Mining District in Idaho. Under 
 the efficient management of Dr. Franklin, work upon the 
 property has been progressing rapidly. The claims are 
 located in some of the richest mineralized territory of that 
 section of the state, and the ore values presented are 
 most encouraging. About this time, Mr. Franklin secured 
 control of the celebrated Yankee Consolidated Mine in 
 the Tintic District. At the time he assumed charge of 
 the company the mine was heavily involved in debt and 
 development work was in a most unsatisfactory shape. 
 With his characteristic ability for grasping the situation, 
 he took the reins, with the result that the Yankee Con- 
 solidated rapidly forged to the front, and when he sold his 
 interest in the property last August, the mine was in a 
 most flourishing condition, as is attested by the demand for 
 stock upon the Salt Lake Stock Exchange. 
 
 Among the most recent, as well as the most successful 
 promotions made by this veteran operator, financier and 
 promoter, are the Red Bird Mining Company, of which 
 he is President and General Manager; the Mount Baldy 
 Mining Company, and the Snowbird Copper Mining Com- 
 pany, of which he is the President, General Manager and 
 heaviest individual owner. These companies are all 
 located in the famous copper belt, lying between Frisco 
 and Milford on the Oregon Short Line Railroad. Dr. 
 Franklin is conceded to be one of the most successful pro- 
 moters in the State. The principal companies he has or- 
 ganized and incorporated are too well known on 'change 
 to require more than passing mention. The mining man 
 who reads this magazine, wherever he is, will recognize in 
 Dr. Franklin a man who by his natural versatility and by 
 his extensive knowledge of mining is especially fitted for 
 a promoter. 
 
 No one who has read the story of bravery in adversity, 
 of struggle and determination, of perseverance in the face 
 of despai", and of the surmounting of obstacles in the life 
 of Dr. P. A. H. Franklin, can but feel to congratulate him in 
 the reward which has come to him. He is a man of pre- 
 eminent executive ability and keen perception, and these 
 qualifications have given him an enviable reputation in min- 
 ing circles throughout the State. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 WILLARD F. SNYDER. 
 
 THERE is yearly as much Invested in mining as there 
 is in banking, and according to an authority upon 
 the subject banking does not prove as safe or as 
 profitable as mining. This may be received with some 
 skepticism by some, as the old idea that mining was a 
 speculation at best is still believed by many. The busi- 
 ness of mining has now become practically a science, so 
 that a mine is not as it 'was a speculation. Competent 
 engineers and mining experts are able to determine just 
 what the extent and nature of any given mine are and 
 the owners have only to figure the cost of getting out the 
 ore and having it transported to the mills or smelters to 
 ascertain what their profit will be. Among the little 
 colony of men in this city who have been instrumental in 
 developing the mines of not only this but adjoining States, 
 with their own private capital, and interesting that of 
 others, few have accomplished more or worked In a 
 broader field than the gentleman whose name appears at 
 the head of this article. 
 
 The careers of the mining men of Salt I-ake furnish 
 some of the country's most Interesting bits of personal 
 
 STREET SCENE IN SALT LAKE IV TIU f \KI.V >>. 
 TABERNACLE IN THE BACKOROIM) 
 
 history. That of Wlllard F. Snyder is no exception to the 
 general rule. From his early boyhood he was reared in the 
 adventurous atmosphere of a mining camp, and being con- 
 stantly associated with mining men it Is not surprising 
 that we find his entire life has been devoted to the follow- 
 ing of this most fascinating calling. He owes his 
 
 nativity to this State, having I n horn thirty-nine years 
 
 ago In Davis County. Ills parents moved to the Infant 
 mining ramp r>f Park City In 1870. Then the camp boasted 
 if little besides Its name, and tin- great bonanzas which 
 have since been developed ami numbered among the great- 
 est mines of the world's history wore lying dormant, the 
 Ontario at that time being considered the only property 
 In the district with any promise. 
 
 I'titll reaching his twenty-fifth year young Snyder had 
 confined his attention to foaming and freighting In and 
 around the ramp. He WM an observing youth and had 
 by close study of the country formed an ex. client Idea 
 <if th<- geological formation r the country surrounding the 
 ramp: and to this learning was added the keenest of Intel 
 lects and the shrewdest of natures. 
 
 The rear 1888 marked the beginning of the mining 
 excitement In Plute County, for It was In that rear that 
 
 the Gold Mountain District made its debut into the mining 
 world. A mining man in the truest sense, ever on the alert 
 for new discoveries, it is not surprising that we find Mr. 
 Snyder on the ground in the morning of its fame. He lost 
 no time in making locations, and soon had three claims 
 staked out. Here it is apparent that his previous mining 
 experience had. been of inestimable value, and one of the 
 first claims he located at that time was the Annie Laurie. 
 He afterwards sold the property to the Bald Mountain 
 Mining Company. In connection with associates he next 
 purchased some locations already made that promised well, 
 and organized^ the Sevier Mining Company. This property 
 he disposed of in 1896 to advantage. His interests in the 
 district had by this time assumed such proportions and 
 had met with such success that he branched out more 
 extensively as a promoter and operator. His quick per- 
 ception had discovered larger possibilities, and he con- 
 cluded to try for bigger things. 
 
 He had a most thorough knowledge of the intricate 
 mineral formations of the district which he had helped to 
 organize, and was so sure that all that was needed to 
 develop the mines was capital that he made a trip to 
 Chicago in 1898 to establish Eastern connections. His 
 wide acquaintance among the mining men of the country 
 served him in good stead in the "Windy City." and in 
 the same year he negotiated the sale of the Annie Laurie 
 for what was considered an enormous price for the 
 property, $400.000. That the purchasers secured a bargain 
 is evident when it is stated that today the mine is valued 
 at five millions. At the time, this was the largest deal 
 that had been consummated in that portion of the State. 
 His next successful promotion was the organization of a 
 pool in which C. K. McCornick and others were interested, 
 for the purchase of the St. George Copper Company, better 
 known as the "Dixie" Mine. Under the direction of Mr. 
 Snyder the mine was developed until a year later he sold 
 his controlling Interest of 70 per cent for $200.000. Today 
 the property is valued at three-quarters of a million, thus 
 fully demonstrating Mr. Snyder's reputation as a success- 
 ful promoter. 
 
 The same year he started negotiations for the Dalton 
 and Lark property. With Mr. Snyder engineering the deal 
 the property was put In shape and seven months later the 
 Blngham Consolidated Company purchased the property 
 for the large sum of $1.250,000. which up to that time waa 
 one of the large transactions made In that district. 
 
 Above we have reviewed the career of Wlllard F. 
 Snyder In part; but we have reserved for the last his 
 crowning achievement, wherein he has tendered to this 
 State a corporation that has accomplished much In the 
 way of developing our latent mining : hi July. 
 
 l!ni|. n company was formed under the style of the West- 
 ern Exploration Company, and Mr. Snyder passed to Its 
 official head as President, and has since diverted opera- 
 tions as Its General Manager. Annum the gentlemen who 
 are associated with him In the company are IV L. Klmberly. 
 a resident of Sharon. Pennsylvania, and a multimillionaire. 
 and one of the present owners of the celebrated Annie 
 I-anrlc; W. O. Filer of the same city Is a director and 
 Vice President; C. O. Elllngwood of thin city acU as Sec- 
 retary. Treasurer and Director as well. They, together 
 with Bismarck Snyder. complete the directorate of the 
 "'tnpany. 
 
 Among the various properties which the company has 
 acquired the Motiorlne Mining and Milling Company Is one 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 53 
 
 of the most promising. Years ago this mine produced over 
 two millions above water level. When this was reached 
 the old company suspended operations on account of inabil- 
 ity to get rid of the water. The company under the direc- 
 tion of Mr. Snyder propose to run a tunnel into the hill 
 7,000 feet, at which point it will tap the vein 500 feet below 
 the old workings, and 1,400 feet below the surface. Work on 
 the tunnel commenced on the 7th of July, this year, and to 
 date they have broken the record on tunneling, having 
 driven it a distance of 1,500 feet in 90 days. The company 
 owns the controlling interest in this property as it does in 
 all the mines it is associated with. Like the Montana cop- 
 per king, W. A. Clark, Mr. Snyder does not believe in retain- 
 ing a minority holding in properties, thereby displaying one 
 of his strongest characteristics. 
 
 The Sampson Mining Company, located in the Bingham 
 
 of the company are invested. They hold an interest in the 
 property and have an option on the balance. As thirty 
 men are engaged in developing the mine, it will probably 
 be heard from shortly, although it is known to be a high- 
 grade proposition. Another gold property in which Mr. 
 Snyder has interested his company is the New Pass Mining 
 Company, located in Austin, Nevada. 
 
 He recently secured an interest in the Balaklala 
 Mine of Shasta County, California. It is considered one 
 of the biggest copper properties in the State, and immense 
 sums of money have been expended by Mr. Snyder's com- 
 pany in the development of the ore bodies, with the result 
 that at a recent examination by an eminent mining expert 
 it was estimated that over one and three-quarter million 
 tons of ore had been blocked out. There seems no limit to 
 
 
 SALT LAKE C1TV IN 1901, FROM THE CITY AND COUNTY BUILDING. 
 
 mining district, is another of the earlier acquisitions of the 
 company, and one upon which development work has been 
 pushed so vigorously that the mine is now upon the list 
 of "shippers." In the Tintic District the company is inter- 
 ested in the Boss-Tweed Mining Company. The property 
 is situated between the Carisa and the Star Consolidated, 
 and if there is anything in location and the history of 
 mining has proven that there is the Boss-Tweed has a 
 future and we may add, a present as well. Work on the 
 property is being pushed in accordance with the policy of 
 the company's management. 
 
 The same shrewd business acumen which has charac- 
 terized Mr. Snyder's operations in this State is evident 
 in his acquisitions by purchase of a number of California 
 properties, among which we may call passing attention to 
 the Red Cross Mine located in Nevada County, California. 
 A twenty-stamp mill has been erected upon the property, 
 and will be in operation by the first of the year. The 
 mine is a gold proposition and the ores are treated by 
 amalgamation and concentration, one of the most econ- 
 omical as well as satisfactory methods of handling free- 
 milling ores. Recent scientific discoveries make it pos- 
 sible to handle ores at a profit which formerly were of no 
 value owing to inability to treat them. 
 
 The Gold Peak Mining Company of Kern County, Cali- 
 fornia, is one of the newest properties in which the funds 
 
 the- depth of copper veins in the Montana bonanzas, and 
 this seems to be true of all mines, in fact, where that 
 mineral is found, whether it be Montana, Arizona, Utah or 
 California. By reason of the new milling machinery and 
 modern methods of smelting, large profits can now be 
 realized from ore which was formerly thrown aside as too 
 low a grade to be smelted, or the mine was not worked 
 at all. The low grade ore mines today are among the 
 most valuable because of the immense quantity of ore and 
 the small expense with which it is mined. 
 
 Mr. Snyder, though an unusually active man in the 
 conducting of his rapidly growing and diversified interests, 
 finds time for the gratification of various other dominat- 
 ing instincts. Quiet and unassuming, yet shrewd and tact- 
 ful, he has a faculty for solving aright the multifarious 
 problems of an eventful career, and his business judgment 
 has been amply evidenced by the success of great enter- 
 prises. Starting in life without capital, he has demon- 
 strated the value of energy, foresight and pluck in building 
 up a profitable business and one in which his interests are 
 identical with those of the State in which he operates. 
 His success has been manifestly the result of business 
 attainments of an exceptional character, and an ability 
 that has made him prominent among the most successful 
 promoters not only of this State, but of the West as well. 
 
Wte(rh> OF THE 
 
 vy 
 
 THE CITY OF THE SAINTS. Such is the distinctive 
 municipal pseudonym bestowed by a celebrated 
 writer and traveler upon Salt Lake, the world-wide 
 famous metropolis of the inter-mountain region, which a 
 little more than half a century ago was the undisputed and 
 undivided abode of red-skinned savages and beasts of the 
 wilderness. And a pretty and proper designation it is. 
 But still prettier and far more romantic Is the city 
 
 His name In a region where desolation reigned, and civili- 
 zation was unknown. 
 
 Salt l.ake has no prototype in the New World. In 
 many respects she has none in the Old, though Jerusalem, 
 that ancient habitation of peace and subsequent center 
 of strife, was set in a land that has marvelous counter- 
 parts in the abiding places of the Latter-Day Israel, whose 
 chlefest gathering point is Salt Lake "The City of the 
 
 I Mf FAMOUS MORMON TKMPLK rORTY YEAR! IN BUILDING E5TIMATKD COT f l. 
 
 Itself. Where In there a city on the American continent 
 that ban the historic Interest or the picturesque surround- 
 lnt?n posscKiMNl by the beautiful young capful that BO 
 proudly and majestically rear* her head amid desert lands 
 and mountain fastnesses? A city, given to the world 
 through thp travail and (tufferlngs of a people who. fleeing 
 from the enemies of religion* thought and liberty, sought 
 Ood and bullded not only a State, but erected Temples to 
 
 Saints." conspicuous and glorious among the vales of Utah 
 as was the city of David above the valleys of Hlnnom 
 and Jehoshaphat. Palestine has Its River Jordan that 
 connected Its Dead Soft with a lake of living water. So 
 has Utah. It had Its Mt. Nebo that towered above Its 
 rugged fellows. So has Utah. It had IU thirsty farms 
 ami orchards that drew their liquid life from thp fresh 
 water lake that emptied IU contents Into the sea of salt. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 55 
 
 In both lands these bodies are conceded to bear a surpris- 
 ing likeness to each other, and both have other character- 
 istics so much in common as to suggest the thought that 
 the Divine Architect must have designed it so. 
 
 RETROSPECTIVE. 
 
 As another writer has stat- 
 ed in the opening article to 
 this book, Salt Lake City was 
 founded in 1847. The man 
 whose name will be linked 
 with it most closely in the 
 cycles of the future, as it has 
 in those of the past, is 
 
 Brigham Young. It was his wisdom that formed the 
 controlling force in that marvellous journey across the 
 trackless plains from the Missouri River to the shores of 
 the far-famed saline lake that "lies between the mountains 
 
 build up Zion. A soil as dry as powder, with a vegetation 
 so sparse as to cause the instant query, "Is it possible 
 that the sustaining things of earth can be produced here?" 
 was found on every hand. The few silver streams that 
 threaded their way from the Wasatch Range were quickly 
 licked up by the thirsty sand and gravel. But what the 
 site lacked in the way of inviting verdure was compen- 
 sated for in the natural advantage of location. That much 
 the visitor of today can readily see. He finds a city of 
 homes such as he has never seen before. On a gentle 
 western slope of the Wasatch Range in a splendidly 
 protected corner, the city stands overlooking the valley of 
 the lazy Jordan, now tapped on every hand to give life 
 to the thousands of orchards and farms that run from the 
 very fringe of the city itself to the mountains round about. 
 From the plateau above thisi city of homes, or from a still 
 more elevated position farther up the mountain side, from 
 one of the hundreds of peaks that stand like sentinels 
 
 THK l.KKAT "MORMON" T ABKRN ACLK ONK OK THH LARGEST AUDITORIUMS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 and the great Pacific Sea." His was the mind that planned 
 in detail every undertaking of consequence in that unpar- 
 alleled pilgrimage. His was the mind that saw to the 
 execution of every assignment and the overcoming of 
 every obstacle that was thrown in the way of his mighty 
 purpose. And his was the mind that, after the arrival 
 of the Pioneers in the Promised Land of the New World 
 planned the future "City of the Saints." 
 
 THEN AND NOW. 
 
 The stranger who lingers within the gates of Salt 
 Lake City today can but poorly picture the desolation 
 that reigned in the sun burned desert on the entrance 
 into the valley through Emigration Canyon on July 24, 1847. 
 Still, if he has any imagination at all, he can see in the 
 dim past, enough of the condition that obtained at that 
 time to know that it must have taken stout hearts and 
 determined minds to select this as the place in which to 
 
 guarding the city and valley of thrift and industry, the 
 best view is obtained. He looks out upon a grandeur of 
 scope and environment that must stir to the very depths 
 the soul within him, when he sees what is, and remember 
 what was. He will never know what it cost to make the 
 mighty transformation that has been wrought, but he can 
 see that the City of the Saints is) a living, breathing 
 miracle in the heart of the Great American Desert. 
 
 WAS MEXICAN SOIL. 
 
 Utah was Mexican soil when the historic band of 
 Pioneers came as a vanguard to blaze the way for Western 
 civilization. It had been part and parcel of that country 
 from the beginning. But immediately on the arrival of 
 the Mormons they took possession of it in the name of 
 the United States, and threw the Stars and Stripes to the 
 breeze from the top of Ensign Peak, which stands almos 
 at the very head of East Temple Street, the principal 
 
5 6 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 thoroughfare of the city. And from thie same proud 
 eminence Old Glory floats today on all State and patriotic 
 occasions. 
 
 When the Pioneers gathered for the first time or 
 the site where the great white stone Temple now stands 
 
 INTERIOR OF THE TABERN ACLK-SEA'l I Mi CAPACITY 8,003. 
 
 they were addressed by Brigham Young, who reminded 
 them that they had gathered In Utah according to the 
 direction and counsel of Joseph Smith, the prophet and 
 founder of the Latter-Pay faith. It was a solemn assem- 
 blage. Those who comprised it had just completed the 
 most notable pilgrimage of modern times. They had 
 Journeyed over a practically untraversed country for more 
 than a thousand miles. It had been a hazardous march. 
 Death and disease had pressed them heavily, and much 
 of the time the gaunt finger of famine had pointed at 
 them. The new land Into which they had come was sterile 
 anil uninviting. That was evidenced on every hand. Still 
 they murmured not. The master spirit that swayed them 
 their own faith In the cause they represented told them 
 that all would yet be well, and that they would become 
 a blessed and prosperous people. That waa enough. 
 
 THE CITY'S SITE CHOSEN. 
 
 It was on the evening of the 28th of July that this 
 meeting was held. It Is recorded that the hush that fell 
 over the gathering was of the most solemn character, and 
 that all spoke and acted as one man. They saw eye to 
 eye. There was no dissent. All was peace and love. They 
 had just voted upon the location and plan of the new city. 
 Under the Inspiration of the time they bad listened to the 
 declaration that the city they were about to found was 
 but the Installation of a new dispensation of civilization 
 mid the everlasting hills, and that that founding had been 
 not only foretold hut directed by their first prophet. They 
 wanted no innnv They knew full well that he would 
 have been with them In person had he not died the victim 
 of the bullets of assassins. But tln-y Uii"w. I.HI, that his 
 mantle had fallen upon a great man, and that be would 
 direct them aright. 
 
 At the meeting In question the Apostles were 
 apixilnted a committee to lay off the city. A few day* 
 lat>>r the actual work of surveying was under way and In 
 charge of Orson Pratt, one of the profoundest mathema- 
 tician* of his generation, and Henry O. Sherwood. At 
 
 this time the question arose as to whether 40 acres, the 
 area first determined upon for the Temple Block, would 
 not be too large. The matter was affirmatively decided 
 and at a subsequent meeting, It was concluded to reduce 
 It to ten acres, the present size and the area of all the 
 other regular sized blocks of the city. 
 
 THE FIRST BUILDING. 
 On Saturday, July 31, a concerted movement 
 was made, and a large bowery of brush and 
 boughs was constructed on the Temple Block; 
 this was the first structure in the nature of 
 a habitation or place of shelter, erected for 
 white men In the valley, though it was only 
 a light and temporary affair. On the following 
 day religious services were held therein, and 
 on that day it was decided that the Pioneers, 
 who had divided into two camps, should co- 
 operate and labor unitedly together; that all 
 horses, mules and cows should be tied near the 
 camp at night, that the work of building cabins 
 as a protection against the rigors of the com- 
 ing winter should be undertaken without delay, 
 and that they should be so constructed as to 
 Form a defense stockade in the event of raids 
 by Indians. Spanish adobe, or sun-dried brick, 
 such as are seen in some of the oldest resi- 
 dences of the city today, was the material 
 selected; logs from the canyons were also free- 
 ly used in the construction of the Pioneer 
 buildings. 
 
 THE OLD FORT SQUARE. 
 
 A piece of ground in the southwestern part of the 
 city was chosen for a stockade. Its extent was ten acres. 
 
 THt riNIST PIPK OR.\S IN IMF. WORLD. 
 
 It was for years called the Old Port Square, but Is now 
 termed the Pioneer Square, out of regard for the stalwart 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 57 
 
 band that made it their flrst camping place. The fort, or 
 stockade, was composed of log and adobe houses on the 
 east side, while the three other sides were enclosed by a 
 
 tents or prairie schooners. A year later Salt Lake was 
 divided into its now famous ward system. At that time 
 it had nineteen wards. Today it has something over thirty. 
 A bishop and his two counsellors constituted the direct 
 authority over each. They served in secular as well as 
 in religious capacities. They collected taxes and saw 
 
 *. 
 
 . 
 
 ^ 
 
 PIONEER MONUMENT. 
 
 ErecteJ in memory of the Pioneers. 
 
 high earth wall. Thus were very adequate defense and 
 protection measures taken against marauding redskins. 
 On August 22, or within one month after the arrival of 
 the Pioneers, a conference was held in the 
 bowery and a stake organization, such as 
 exists today, was provided for. The new mu- 
 nicipality was also given its first name, on 
 motion of Brigham Young. It was "Great Salt 
 Lake City of the Great Basin of North Amer- 
 ica." The postofflce was named the "Great 
 Basin Postoflico." and the valley's most 
 attractive water course the Jordan river and 
 other streams and objects were given their 
 titles at the same time. During the following 
 months the population of the city was steadily 
 being added to by tne arrival of other Saints 
 from the East, and soon Old Port was found 
 inadequate for their accommodation. As a re- 
 sult two contiguous blocks on the south were 
 enclosed in like manner. A few of the more 
 courageous characters lived on the outside of 
 the Fort, among them being Lorenzo D. Young, 
 who erected a log cabin on the banks of City 
 Creek, where now stands the historic Beehive 
 house. 
 
 THE NOW FAMOUS WARD SYSTEM. 
 
 Toward the close of 1848 the City had a popu- 
 lation of 5,000, and 450 buildings. Of course these dwellings 
 could not afford shelter for all, and many dwelt in their 
 
 THE FIRST HOUSE ERECTED IN SALT LAKE CITY. 
 Still Occupied. 
 
 to the judicious disbursement of the same. They as- 
 sumed the lead and guide in all things; counseled against 
 litigation or other disputes, and acted as peace arbiters 
 and adjusters when such arose. This method of govern- 
 ment was new to the world up to this date. While It 
 would not now be proper or successful it was then both. 
 The nearest approach to anything of the kind was that 
 exercised by the New England ministry in the earliest 
 colonial days when they discharged wisely and well, func- 
 tions of a somewhat similar character. Of course, the 
 men entrusted with these important responsibilities were 
 chosen by the people themselves and were known for their 
 
 [HE ASSEMBLY HALL ON TEMPLE BLOCK. 
 
 wisdom and probity. These duties, it should be borne in 
 mind, were always given gratuitously. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 Immigration into the new city continued and in 1850 
 it was estimated that it contained 6,000 people. Not all 
 who came, however, remained. Many, under instruction 
 of their leaders, were going out into other counties to 
 colonize and reclaim the hitherto unbroken land that was 
 threaded by mountain streams here and there. In other 
 words, they were doing their part in the laying of the 
 foundation of the great State of the future. As the city 
 grew, it was found necessary from the very nature of Its 
 development, to change to the regular machinery of mu- 
 nicipal government, though strict truth demands the state- 
 ment that its management has been none the abler since 
 the change was made. Salt Lake City has had in all 
 twelve mayors. The first was Jedediah M. Grant, and the 
 last, and present. Is Ezra Thompson, who is serving his 
 second term of office. 
 
 WHAT IT HAS DONE FOR CIVILIZATION 
 
 The part that Salt I^ake City has played in the devel- 
 opment of the Pacific Coast is a very great one how 
 great not even the historian will ever be able to tell. Al- 
 
 of passing trains of emigrants secured exchanges at far 
 lower rate rates that were a veritable blessing to them. 
 
 lll> I I'KK * \<-l.Y I. A I t. 
 
 Erected by Br1|him Young In !('( 
 
 most simultaneously with the founding of the City of the 
 Saints came the discovery of gold In California, and 
 strangely coincident therewith was the fact that the "Mor- 
 mons" participated In that Important event. Soon came 
 the mighty rush of gold hunters across the continent. Salt 
 Lake was on the highway to the coveted goal. It was the 
 great stopping, resting and outfitting place between the 
 Missouri river and the new Eldorado. It was here that 
 Hiipplles were obtained to replenish the larder that had 
 run so low en route, or that was emptied altogether before 
 arrival; for the setltlers of the Salt Ijike valley lost little 
 time in causing the sterile soil to produce that which would 
 sustain lift-, the needs of the traveler were supplied, and 
 nmliT n|TlhV liiHirnrtlon from President Young, the ex- 
 change was made on the llve-and-let-llve policy. This 
 does not mean that high prlci-x <II<1 not prevail, for the 
 contrary was true at times. In fact merchandise, which 
 was all hauled by ox teams from the Missouri river brought 
 fabulous prices. For Instance there were occasions when 
 flour was sold at a dollar a pound; sugar at 60 cents a 
 pound; nails at $70 a keg; and kerosene at $25 a can. with 
 other things ID proportion. But In the main the hundreds 
 
 THt ALTA CLUB. 
 
 Later, other travelers who pushed off into the 
 wilds of Idaho and Montana, and into sections farther 
 to the northwest, either in search of hidden treasures 
 or home sites found similar benefits and advantages. 
 This was the spot where they rested, where they ob- 
 tained their fresh supplies. It was, in brief, the half- 
 way house across the continent. It was the supply 
 station then, and is in a large measure so today for 
 much of the same tributary country. Salt Lake ac- 
 celerated greatly, if indeed it did not make possible, 
 the building of the first transcontinental railway sys- 
 tem. With that In successful operation, a great flnan 
 cial. Industrial and civilizing feat had been accom- 
 plished, and Salt Lake was made happy in being 
 placed in close touch with the outside world. 
 
 The commercially Inclined mind will readily dis- 
 cern that Salt Lake City has something more substan- 
 tial than picturesque surroundings and sentimental his- 
 tory. A brief glance at the map will show that It Is 
 situated in the very heart of the largest and most im- 
 portant trade region of the intermountain West. Small 
 wonder then that it Is the recognized railroad 
 headquarters of the trans-Missouri country today. 
 
 lrl|kui \w*i In ifta. 
 
 The capital that has lioen Invested by the glgantlr 
 transportation corporations that have long had a 
 foothold here has been well placed. It Is more than worth 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 59 
 
 the while of the common-carrier kings and financiers whose 
 new roads are headed hither from Denver on the east, 
 
 from Oregon on the northwest and from Los Angeles on 
 the southwest, to engage in the struggle now under way. 
 
 concerns of this city have their traveling representatives 
 in all of these states hustling for trade and taking orders 
 for goods manufactured here. That they are meeting 
 with success is eloquently told in the stupenduous figures 
 quoted above. There is every reason to believe that the 
 future will tell even rosier tales concerning the growth of 
 Salt Lake's business. Why should it not? Salt Lake sits 
 in the midst of a thriving country with people paying her 
 tribute for more than a thousand miles around ; and that 
 they must continue to do so, nature has unmistakably 
 decreed. 
 
 RESOURCES THAT GIVE IT LIFE. 
 
 The resources that contribute most to the wealth and 
 increasing power of Salt Lake City are stable in their 
 
 SALTAIR PAVILION ONE OF THE FINEST BATHING RESORTS IN THE WORLD. 
 
 They all realize that Salt Lake must not be left on the 
 side in the present operations and that it must be on the 
 "main line" for transcontinental and Oriental traffic in 
 the days to come. 
 
 It is a known fact that the jobbing interests of Salt 
 Lake City are immense that they more than double those 
 of Denver every year. In 1901 they aggregated actual trans- 
 actions of more than $25,000,000. This year they will, it 
 is conservatively estimated, exceed that sum fully $5,000,- 
 000. These figures are such that they astound the reader but 
 they are correct nevertheless and show more plainly than 
 anything else the strong position of Salt Lake as a jobbing 
 center. This is a prestige that Salt Lake merchants have 
 been building up in all the years that are past, from the 
 days when gold dust and bullion were weighed and ac- 
 cepted in lieu of specie, and when barter was one of 
 the customs of commercial activity, until now, when every 
 modern and up-to-date business method is employed to hold 
 and increase trade relations with the outside states, which 
 include Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho. Montana, Washington, 
 Oregon, California and Nevada. Today the big business 
 
 character. Their breadth has been measured, their length 
 scanned, their depth sounded and their productiveness 
 
 
 ON THE SHORES OF THE GREAT SALT LAKE. 
 
 tested. They all possess the qualities that insure their 
 endurance through the long future. The soil of the imme- 
 
6o 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 diate and surrounding country, touched by the magic wand 
 of modern Irrigation, is made to yield almost everything 
 
 KORT UOfl.l U MILITARY POST NKAR SALT I.AKK CITY. 
 
 husbandman is being made to y ield as never before 
 in its history. Great sugar factories have reared them- 
 selves upon the right and left, and all have prospered 
 and sown the seeds of progress in their wake. While 
 Utah in general is the beneficiary of all this, Salt Lake 
 Is so in particular. 
 
 The foregoing are merely a few of the things that 
 go to make Salt Lake the city of strength that it IB, 
 and that it will always be. There are others of minor 
 importance yet substantial in their nature that add 
 their mite, but those are the main ones and sufficient 
 to show the stranger how fortunately independent Salt 
 Lake City is. aside from the unequalled position it oc- 
 cupies as the natural trade center of an area of such 
 mammoth proportions as have been heretofore re- 
 ferred to. Meanwhile it will be well to remember that 
 as all roads lead to Rome, so do all the avenues of 
 intermountain business lead to Salt Lake. 
 
 ESSENTIALLY A CITY OF HOMES. 
 The number of people owning their homes is said 
 to be larger in Salt Lake than in any city of the same 
 size In the country. No city on the continent shows a 
 
 IHK SALT PALACE. 
 
 that is necessary or good for man's happiness and 
 prosperity. Flocks and herds roam upon thousands 
 of hills and even the forbidding desert wastes afford 
 the best of winter range for sheep that aggregate 
 great number* and produce Immense wealth. And 
 the steep, corrugated mountain chains that encircle 
 the values of fair Utah, what of them? They aid pour- 
 Ing forth their streams of gold and silver, of copper 
 and lead and other metals, the richness of which is 
 being absorbed Into the common trade life until the 
 glow of commercial health Is evident everywhere. 
 Proofs of this are seen on every hand. Employment 
 for all who want It; new business blacks and hand- 
 some residences: public Improvements; all attest the 
 substantiality of the resources that feed the City of 
 the Saints. The pwman<-M' > f i IK-MI- resources Is un- 
 <>nable. The mln<* that have been making nn-n 
 rii h beyond the dreams of avarice In the past, are 
 Mtlll producing treasure for the benefit of present as 
 well as future generations. The mines that were only 
 prospects a short time ago have joined the ranks of 
 the dividend-payers, and still others are falling Into line, more varied or pleasing style of architecture. Brick and stone 
 while the fallow earth that Is turned and tilled by the are the principal materials used, and these are of the very 
 
 '.K \\ I OK HKK.H \\l ^ I 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 61 
 
 best quality. The color is whatever the builder desires. 
 The old Pioneer homes are well-nigh things of the past, 
 though one stands out here and there as a reminder of 
 some almost forgotten object or character, 
 linking bygone days with those of the pres- 
 ent, and contrasting that which is with that 
 which was. The new era is now here, and 
 it is here to remain. The humble abodes 
 of the laborer and artisan are being equipped 
 with the conveniences of modern domestic 
 life. The palatial dwelling places of the mine- 
 owner, the business man and the stock raiser 
 are of the best types and are so numerous 
 as to at once attract attention. It is not 
 strange that it should be a city of homes. 
 It would be strange if it were not. It has 
 all of the qualities to make it so, and has 
 fewer disadvantages than any sister city. In 
 fact, these are reduced to such a minimum 
 that it may be said that they do not exist 
 at all. 
 
 ADVANTAGES AND ATTRACTIONS. 
 
 If a climate is wanted that will give 
 health and prolong life it is here. If sunny 
 skies and bright days are a charm worth 
 seeking for and enjoying, they can be found 
 here in all their radiance and glory. If consumption's bony 
 fingers point at you, the ozone of this region will do as 
 much for you as that of any on the globe. If you have 
 rheumatism, the thermal springs and mineral waters that 
 bubble and boil and come to the surface both within and 
 without the city, will straighten your back, take the halt 
 out of your walk and make you young again. If 
 
 you have any of the ills that saline bathing will 
 benefit there is no place on earth where such 
 ablutions can be had so easily, cheaply and enjoyably as 
 
 RESIDENCE OF HON. THOMAS KEARNS. 
 
 "AMELIA PALACE. " 
 Residence of Colonel and Mrs. E. F. Holmes. 
 
 on the bosom and in the waves of the Great Salt Lake, only 
 a few miles distant, where you will learn to your astonish- 
 ment that you are floatable and unsinkable. If you admire 
 mountain scenery and love to wander in canyons that rival 
 the great gorges of the Alps in their beauty and grandeur, 
 they are at the city's very door. If in those days farthest 
 removed from winter's cold you would experience the 
 
 novelty of standing on the 
 steps of your home in the 
 valley and glancing upward 
 toward the towering peaks of 
 the Wasatch Range, view the 
 drifts of snow that are all 
 but everlasting, you may real- 
 ize that delight also. If in 
 the brief space of an hour 
 or two you would hie yourself 
 from the city's heat in mid- 
 summer to live among the 
 pines and rocks and rare wild 
 flowers where these snow- 
 drifts abound, and down 
 which you can toboggan with 
 a rapidity far more thrilling 
 than safe, and where at night 
 time you must kindle a camp 
 fire and wrap yourself in 
 robes of extra weight to keep 
 your blood at comfortable 
 temperature, that ecstatic 
 pleasure is likewise most easy 
 to obtain. If you would be- 
 hold sunsets that inspire, en- 
 thrall, transfix, then turn 
 your eyes westward from 
 the city any afternoon of sum- 
 mer or autumn, across the 
 
62 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 placid waves of the mysterious inland sea, that lies, the 
 wonder of the world, four thousand feet above the ocean 
 k'vcls. ,ind gaze upon the glory of a spectacle that artists 
 cannot paint or word builders describe. If the Creator has 
 endowed you with a fancy and a love for the beautiful, you 
 
 WM. MtlNTYRE'S RKMIIKM I 
 
 will never forget the sight. You may have seen sunsets 
 elsewhere, but none like these. As the great orb of day 
 dips lower and lower towards the horizon It would seem 
 that nature's laboratory has been ransacked for agencies 
 that will cast upon ethereal canvas colors so deep, tints 
 BO dainty, so subtle, so miraculously blendful, that one is 
 almost made to feel that the Artist of All Artists is permit- 
 ting us to look upon a picture 
 taken from the gallery of the 
 Infinite. And thus we watch 
 the sun as be enacts before 
 our astonished eyes the delu- 
 sive performance of plunging 
 Into the depths of the lake 
 behind one of a score of Isl- 
 ands that shut out the last 
 lingering rays of his light 
 each day In the year. In an 
 hour an entrancing twilight 
 has succeeded the all too- 
 fleeting display of color cre- 
 ation, and dark, heavy shad- 
 ows have followed the twi- 
 light. Then all Is over until 
 the morrow, when the same 
 magic panorama may again 
 be seen, but with a world of 
 bewildering variations. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL AND SO- 
 CIAL SUPERIORITY. 
 
 The educational and aortal 
 advantages of Salt I-ake City 
 are generally recognized. The 
 public school system alone 
 has property valued at more 
 than $1.600.000. exclusive at 
 
 the State University, a great and growing institu- 
 tion itself. Besides these all of the leading churches have 
 schools and colleges of different kinds. The number of 
 at this writing (1902) is in excess of 16,000. The compulsory 
 school age is from 6 to 18 years. The public schools have 
 attained a high standard of proficiency and 
 are among the very best In the country. The 
 buildings are modern and up to date in all 
 respects. The well-to-do of other States have 
 not been slow to seize upon the fact that 
 this is an educational center, and many are 
 coming here to live on that account, while 
 others are sending their children hither to 
 be educated. Then social advantages are all 
 that can be .desired. There is a moral and 
 wholesome atmosphere and a friendly and 
 liberal minded people, among whom it is 
 good to dwell. 
 
 Salt Lake is the undisputed amusement 
 Mecca of the West. The best that the dra- 
 matic art can afford may usually be witnessed 
 here. In matters musical the Utah metrop- 
 olis is entitled to a place in the front ranks. 
 That is where it clearly belongs. Its great 
 Tabernacle choir; its far-famed organ; its 
 ^^^^^^ male voice clubs; Its Ladies' Chorus; its solo 
 song-birds; its composers, orchestras, conduc- 
 tors and general musical standing, all attest 
 that fact. 
 
 POPULATION AND MUNICIPAL PROGRESS. 
 
 The population of Salt Lake City is about 65.000. Its 
 public edifices, chief of which is the joint City and County 
 Building, is one of which any city several times Its size 
 might well be proud. The principal and most elaborately 
 Improved park is Liberty Park, although there are others 
 
 or A. w. w. i i . 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 whose natural advantages will make them places of beauty 
 in the days to come. Business streets paved with Utah 
 asphaltum; two hundred miles of modern, up-to-date rail- 
 
 walls; the many other church buildings of unique distinc- 
 tion; Saltair, the most famous inland bathing resort in the 
 world; its picturesque Salt Palace; the historic Salt Lake 
 Theater; the famous Lion and Beehive Houses; the tithing 
 
 AN ARCHITECTURAL c;EM. 
 
 way lines; more than one hundred miles of stream-fringed 
 and shady streets 132 feet wide; bank clearances of nearly 
 two hundred million dollars per annum; a death rate of 
 only 9.77 per 1,000; a sewerage system of high excellence 
 and a successfully operated sewer farm; great gold, silver, 
 copper, lead, iron and coal mines close at hand these are 
 some of the gifts and blessings enjoyed by Salt Lake City. 
 As points of particular interest to the stranger it has the 
 
 THE STATUE OF THE ANGEL MORONI, 
 SURMOUNTING THE GREAT "MORMON" TEMPLE. 
 
 offices of the Mormon Church; hot sulphur springs; Fort 
 Douglas, the United States military post; the magnificent 
 residences; the Eagle Gate; the sarcophagus of Brigham 
 
 RESIDENCE OF WILLIAM S. McCORNICK. 
 
 Great Salt Lake already referred to; the Mormon Temple 
 that was forty years in course of construction; the mighty 
 domed-roof Tabernacle; the organ of all organs within its 
 
 Young, and, standing at the head of the main business 
 street, the great Monument to the Pioneers who, in 1847, 
 laid the foundations of "The City of the Saints." 
 
COMMIRCIAL BLOCK. SOME I M P< >M S f . < >l H( I Bl II.OIMiS. 
 MiCORNICK BLOCK. DOOLY BLOCK. 
 
 DRR*T Nt W> I-|I.I>I \.. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 City and State in a Nutshell. 
 
 WHAT THE CITY HAS. 
 
 A population of 65,000. 
 
 An unexcelled free school system. 
 
 A splendid, unshaken business record. 
 
 An assessed valuation (1902) of $34,505.148. 
 
 A city taxation rate (1902) of $3.19 per $100. 
 
 A bank clearing record (1901) of $180,937,43 1.21. 
 
 Fourteen banks with deposits of more than $30,000,000. 
 
 Excellent railroad facilities to points both far and near. 
 
 Good local and export markets for the products of her people. 
 
 Broader streets than any other city on the American continent. 
 
 The "fastest" and best bicycle racing track that was ever built. 
 
 Famous hot springs, salt water and mineral baths and a big sanitarium. 
 
 Lowest death rate of any of the large cities only nine per one thousand. 
 
 Numerous imposing church edifices of all the leading Christian sects. 
 
 An up-to-date public library, literary and social clubs and art societies. 
 
 Two evening and two morning newspapers and other publications of merit. 
 
 A world renowned Tabernacle and the grandest pipe organ that was ever built. 
 
 A glittering palace of salt, one of the most unique buildings in the country. 
 
 A regular unpaid Church choir (Mormon) of more than 500 male and female voices. 
 
 The great "Mormon" Temple which was forty years in building and which cost 
 
 $3,467,118. 
 A municipal and county building which has no counterpart west of the Mississippi 
 
 cost $1,000,000. 
 Magnificent mountain chains, pure water, matchless climate and bathing resorts that 
 
 are without equals. 
 A school population of 16,000 children between the ages of six and eighteen years 
 
 and $2,000,000 worth of school property. 
 A waterworks system that belongs to the taxpayers. Seventy-eight miles of a 
 
 thoroughly modern street railroad. 
 A telephone system with more than 5,000 miles of wire 3,500 business house and 
 
 residence telephones and patrons. 
 Great gold, silver, copper, lead, iron and coal mines and marble, onyx and the best 
 
 of building stone quarries at her very doors. 
 A mean temperature of 51 2-10 degrees; extreme high temperature of 98 degrees, 
 
 and an even zero record for the lowest temperature and an average of 61 per 
 
 cent, of possible sunshine. 
 
REPRESENTATIVE SCHOOLS IN SALT LAKE CITY 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 67 
 
 UTAH'S POPULATION, ASSESSMENTS AND PRODUCTS. 
 
 Population of Utah in igoo. 
 
 As Per Government Census. 
 
 Beaver 3,613 
 
 Boxelder 10,009 
 
 Cache 18,139 
 
 Carbon . 
 Davis . . 
 Emery . 
 Garfield 
 Grand . . 
 Iron . 
 
 5,004 
 
 7,996 
 
 4,657 
 
 3,400 
 
 1,149 
 
 3,546 
 
 Juab 10,082 
 
 Kane . . 
 Millard 
 Morgan 
 Piute .. 
 Rich . 
 
 1,811 
 5,678 
 2,045 
 1,954 
 1,946 
 
 Salt Lake 77,725 
 
 San Juan 1,023 
 
 Sanpete 16,313 
 
 Sevier 8,451 
 
 Summit 9,439 
 
 Tooele 7,361 
 
 Uintah 6,458 
 
 Utah 32,456 
 
 Wasatch 4,736 
 
 Washington 4,612 
 
 Wayne 1,907 
 
 Weber 25,239 
 
 Total 276,749 
 
 State's Assessment by Counties. 
 
 COUNTY 1901 
 
 Beaver $ 1,174,153 $ 1,245,678 Rich 
 
 Boxelder 
 Cache . . . 
 Carbon . 
 Davis . . 
 Emery . 
 Garfield 
 Grand . . 
 Iron 
 Juab 
 Kane 
 Millard . 
 Morgan . 
 Piute . 
 
 5,188,707 
 5.642,392 
 1,794,971 
 3,755,201 
 1,324,873 
 
 701,658 
 1,068,493 
 1,137,657 
 4,080,627 
 
 544,867 
 2.127,480 
 
 888,098 
 
 571,828 
 
 1902 
 1,245,678 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 Rich . . 
 
 5,872,264 
 
 Salt Lake 
 
 6,101,837 
 
 San Juan 
 
 1,941,764 
 
 Sanpete 
 
 3,978,166 
 
 Sevier 
 
 1,459,666 
 
 Summit 
 
 743,310 
 
 Tooele 
 
 1,121,905 
 
 Uintah 
 
 1.258,612 
 
 Utah 
 
 3,692,268 
 
 Wasatch 
 
 
 Washington 
 
 968 555 
 
 Wayne 
 
 791 231 
 
 Weber 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 4 
 2 
 5 
 2 
 1 
 
 10 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 1901 
 
 911,010 
 028,353 
 312,983 
 ,690,681 
 .029,349 
 ,041,796 
 695,243 
 ,234,423 
 ,693,494 
 ,382,582 
 812.484 
 346,550 
 .251,402 
 
 1902 
 
 817,140 
 
 42,495,355 
 
 300,014 
 
 4,609,917 
 
 2,162,838 
 
 6,515,991 
 
 2,590,475 
 
 1,216,919 
 
 11,204,545 
 
 1,409,222 
 
 806,127 
 
 343,855 
 
 11,993,839 
 
 Utah's Products in 1901 
 
 Gold $3,817,420 
 
 Silver 6,801,816 
 
 Lead 3,210,967 
 
 Copper 3,750,254 
 
 Sheep and Wool 4,200,000 
 
 Cattle, Horses and Hogs 3,260,500 
 
 Wheat 2,750,000 
 
 Hay 5,000,000 
 
 Dairy Products 2,000,000 
 
 Fruit 800,000 
 
 Other Farm Products 1,710,000 
 
 Coal 3,467,180 
 
 Manufactures 9,000,000 
 
 Beet Sugar 1,760,000 
 
 Asphaltum 200,000 
 
 Miscellaneous 1,500,000 
 
 Total 153,228,137 
 
68 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 UTAH LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY. 
 
 THE system now owned and operated by the Utah Light 
 and Power Company comprises three water-power 
 plants, 80 miles of high-tension transmission lines, 
 and also light and power distribution apparatus in and near 
 Salt Lake City and Ogden, together with one sub-station 
 for supplying the Salt Lake City Railroad, and some re- 
 serve steam plants. Probably In no other city of its size in 
 the United States has electrically transmitted power 
 reached such a relatively important place in the com- 
 munity as at Salt Lake City. The development not only 
 started early, but has been very rapid. The snow-fed 
 mountain streams of the Wasatch range to the east of 
 Salt. Lake Valley offered opportunities to the hydraulic 
 
 gether with the third plant, as parts of one complete and 
 comprehensive system, covering a district extending north 
 and south about sixty miles, including Ogden, Salt Lake 
 City and a district thirteen miles south of the latter place, 
 including some large smelters. 
 
 The company is now about to commence the construc- 
 tion of a large dam in the Ogden Canyon, which will form 
 a storage reservoir for the flood waters. The reservoir so 
 constructed will have a tot^l capacity of about 2,000,000,000 
 cubic feet of water, and will be used for both irrigating 
 and power purposes. When this reservoir is constructed 
 the Ogden power house will have a maximum capacity of 
 8,500 horse power. The plant will then be completed as 
 
 LAKH BI.ANCIIK. 
 
 MID THE MOUNTAINS OF UTAH 
 
 DKAI> MAN'^ FAI I . 
 
 and electrical engineer which have not been neglected. To 
 understand the situation, a short historical review will be 
 necessary. Although coal Is not excessively high, being* 
 from (2.60 a ton for slack to f4.50 for best lump, the prox- 
 imity of water-power with high head to such a market as 
 Salt Lake City and Its surrounding smelters and other 
 power-consuming Industries, led to the erection several 
 yearn ago of three different water-|K>wer plants by three 
 different companies. The Big Cottonwood Power Com- 
 pany completed a plant In the Big Cottonwool Canyon 
 fourteen mile* noiitheast of Salt Lake City. In June, 1896. 
 Tln< Pioneer Klcctrlc Power Company started its plant In 
 Ogden Canyon, near Ogdon. thirty seven miles from Salt 
 1-ake City. In July, 1897. The Utah Power Company In 1897 
 built a plant In the nig Cottonwood Canyon for transmit- 
 ting power for the Salt Lake City Railroad. The first two 
 of these plants finally consolidated with the electric light- 
 ing Interests of Salt Ijikc City, and are now operated, to- 
 
 il was originally designed, and will be the finest In the 
 Intormountaln region. When this dam Is completed, the 
 transmission line from Ogden to Salt I.ake will be dupli- 
 cated In order to insure immunity from break-down. 
 
 The Big Cottonwood power house and the Utah power 
 house have each a maximum capacity of 2.000 horse power. 
 Several improvements are contemplated on the plants In 
 this canyon, which, while not ln<T<>axliig the total power 
 to any great extent, will render the plants absolutely re- 
 liable under all the varying conditions that have been 
 tniiini to occur In the Cottonwood Canon. 
 
 The power Is being transmitted from Ogden at 16.000 
 volts, and from the Cottonwood Canyon at 12.000 volts. 
 Certain changes are now being carried out. and when these 
 are completed the whole transmission system will be op- 
 erated at 28.000 volts. These Improvements will reduce 
 losses to a minimum, and will enable the company to ob- 
 tain not only creator efficiency from all the plants, but 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 69 
 
 also to give a more reliable service under all conditions. 
 
 In Salt Lake City the company have now three reserve 
 steam plants of an aggregate capacity of 2,000 horse 
 power. These plants are used in case of emergency and 
 to supply any shortage of power cause by a break-down or 
 other accidents at the power houses in the canyons. 
 
 The company's engineers have designed an en- 
 tirely new station built in the west end of the city. 
 This station is eventually to place the several sub-sta- 
 tions and auxiliary steam plants in Salt Lake City. It is 
 
 end of the city, where there is every facility for the de- 
 livery of coal. The plant at present has a capacity of 
 400,000 cubic feet per day, and is a mixed coal and water 
 plant, so designed that either or both systems can be use'd 
 in the manufacture of gas at any time. Designs have been 
 made for the extension of this plant as the demand for gas 
 increases, up to a capacity of 1,000,000 cubic feet per day. 
 Considerable work has been done during the past year, and 
 all work that is being carried out is in line with the gen- 
 eral design, so that in a comparatively short time the com- 
 
 I.\KI LILLIAN. 
 
 AMID THE LAKES AND PINES. 
 
 AMERICAN FORK CANYON. 
 
 LAKE PHOEBE. 
 
 the most modern and economical generating and dis- 
 tributing station that can be built. It will be used, first, 
 as a receiving station for all high-tension transmission cir- 
 cuits; second, as a distributing station for the light, power 
 and street railway circuits in Salt Lake City, and, third, as 
 an auxiliary generating station to be used in case of break- 
 down of the water power plants or transmission lines. 
 The company also owns quite an extensive gas plant 
 in Salt Lake City; also a smaller plant in Ogden City. In 
 Salt Lake there are about thirty miles of gas mains. The 
 works are located in a two and a half-acre lot in the west 
 
 pany's plant will be absolutely modern in every respect. 
 
 The personnel of the administrative staff and manage- 
 ment of the company is as follows: Hon. Joseph F. 
 Smith, president; Colonel John R. Winder, first vice presi- 
 dent; Col. Thomas G. Webber, second vice president; Mr. 
 L. S. Hills, treasurer; each of whom, with the following 
 gentlemen is a director: Rudger Clawson, John J. Banigan, 
 W. S. McCornick, William J. Curtis and George Romney. 
 
 Judge LeGrand Young is the company's general coun- 
 sel, R. S. Campbell, secretary and general manager, and 
 R. F. Hayward, electrical engineer. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 Z. C. M. I. 
 
 A Great Establishment of Immense Public Benefit. 
 
 MERCANTILE co-operation is a topic familiar to econo- 
 mists both in Europe and in America. It has been 
 closely associated with the development of Utah, and 
 has been commented upon by tourists and travelers and writ- 
 ers who have visited the great West. Co-operative efforts 
 have distinguished the settlement and the building up of the 
 country now Included in the flourishing State of Utah, and 
 their effects are seen in the numerous irrigation works 
 and agricultural and other industrial interests in that re- 
 
 divided among the stockholders, who would thus obtain 
 goods at low figures and share in the results of the busi- 
 ness conducted. A number of merchants who had been 
 successful took stock in the enterprise, and some of them 
 disposed of their stocks of merchandise to the institution 
 on reasonable terms. 
 
 Business was commenced in March, 1869, and the flrst 
 year's sales reached the sum of $582,750. The success 
 of the institution has been rapid from the start. Panics 
 
 /ION'S CO-OPERATIVE MKRCANTILK INSTITUTION. 
 
 Klon. The success achieved by co-operation In those di- 
 rections, suggested to the groat Mormon leader and pio- 
 neer, Brlgham Young, the application of the principle to 
 mercantile and manufacturing pursuits. Under his super- 
 vision, Zlon's Co-operative Mercantile Institution was pro- 
 jected. It wa organized October 16. 1868. The purpose 
 In rlew was the regulation of trade for the benefit of the 
 entire rommunlty. All the people were Invited to Invent 
 In Its capital stock, which was then placed at $500.000. 
 Hy becoming partners In the business of the Institution. 
 they would naturally be imlin..| In innke their purchases 
 there. Goods were to be bought at flrst hands. In the 
 best markets and. where practicable, of the manufacturers, 
 nd sold at rate* to give a reasonable profit, this to be 
 
 have not affected It. Its credit has stood Arm and first- 
 class from the beginning. It has long been placed upon 
 a cash basis, purchasing at flrst cost and obtaining the 
 benefits resulting from cash payments Its business has 
 radiated to all points from the center establishment. Its 
 annual sales are close upon $4.000.000. It has paid cash 
 dividends to stockholders of $2.668.778. besides stock divi- 
 dends to the amount of $415.000. One thousand dollars 
 Invested In Z. C. M. I.. March. 1S69, has accumulated to 
 the value ( $2.<M4. 30. besides bringing to Its owner $4.- 
 838.05 In cash dividends. A reserve fund has also been 
 maintained which now amounts to $400.000. 
 
 The Institution was flrst Incorporated In 1870. for a 
 period of twenty-five years. The business was extended 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 to different points for wholesaling to near-by stores, and 
 branch institutions were established at Ogden and Prove 
 in Utah, and also at Idaho Falls, Idaho. These estab- 
 lishments are doing a flourishing business. The period of 
 the first incorporation having expired in 1895, Z. C. M. I. 
 was re-incorporated in September of that year, for fifty 
 yeais with a capital of $1,077,000. Stock in the institu- 
 tion is now difficult to obtain, as it stands at a high pre- 
 mium and no corporation in the whole Western slope has 
 a better reputation in the world of commerce and finance 
 than is borne by this flourishing institution. 
 
 The premises occupied by this institution were orig- 
 inally erected in 1875, the structure extending 100 feet in 
 frontage on the principal business street of Salt Lake City, 
 and running eastward 330 feet, three stories high with a 
 stone basement. It is built of brick with iron front. This 
 has now been extended until the frontage on Main street 
 reaches 160 feet. Extending from the rear of the store 
 northward to South Temple street, is a brick building of 
 four stories and basement with a frontage of fifty feet, 
 occupied by Z. C. M. I. shoe factory, where overalls, duck 
 clothing and men's shirts are manufactured as well as 
 boots and shoes. It is supplied with the latest and most 
 improved machinery under experienced and skillful man- 
 agement. The floor space of the general store aggregates 
 175,000 square feet, and the factory 45,000 square feet. 
 The ground floor of this mercantile bazaar is devoted to 
 the various departments of its retail business. Almost 
 every article of ordinary merchandise is there to be ob- 
 tained, each class of goods being arranged in order, thus 
 making it in every respect what is known as a depart- 
 ment store, attended by courteous clerks under expe- 
 rienced supervision. 
 
 The floor above contains dry goods, notions, shelf 
 hardware and grocery samples for the wholesale trade, 
 also tlephone rooms anil the general offices of the insti- 
 tution. The floor still higher is used for wholesale cloth- 
 ing and men's furnishing goods, china, glassware, crock- 
 ery, tinware and other similar classes of wares, and also 
 has packing and invoice rooms. 
 
 The roof is so arranged as to throw light down through 
 openings on each of the upper floors, so that the whole 
 building is finely lighted from above in the day time. It 
 is amply supplied with electric lights for night illumina- 
 tion. Easy communication can be had throughout the 
 premises by elevators and stairways, and a trolley system 
 is used for the conveyance of retail purchases and cash 
 to the wrapping rooms and offices. Splendid modern show 
 windows, which have been recently placed in the front 
 of the premises, give an elegant appearance to the stab- 
 lishment, and afford opportunity for the display of at- 
 tractive samples, and are as fine as any that may be seen 
 in very much larger cities, East or West. Throngs of 
 spectators gather around these windows on the outside, 
 while business on the inside keeps up a continual flow of 
 humanity from morning till eve. The factory has a ca- 
 pacity for turning out five hundred pairs of boots and 
 shoes per day, and one hundred dozen pairs of overalls. 
 These goods are noted throughout Utah and the sur- 
 rounding states for their excellence of material and hon- 
 esty of workmanship. The Z. C. M. I. brand is a certifi- 
 cate of their quality throughout the mining camps, anfl 
 every section where they are in use. The institution has 
 its own electric light plant and has recently attached 
 smoke-oonsumers to its furnaces. A drug department has 
 been in successful operation for many years, furnishing 
 goods at wholesale and retail and manufacturing all kinds 
 
 of essences and flavoring extracts. It occupies a separate 
 building on the Main street of the city between First and 
 Second South streets. 
 
 There are 275 persons employed in the main store of 
 the institution, and from 150 to 200 in the factory, and 
 the payroll covers at least $23,000 per month. There are 
 a corps of traveling salesmen employed by the institution 
 who visit the chief places of business on the Western slope 
 of the Rocky Mountains, and thus extend the great whole- 
 sale trade of the institution. The buyers for this estab- 
 lishment are experts, and as purchases are usually made 
 in carload lots, the great freight business is carried on 
 with the railroads and many teams, drays and wagons be- 
 longing to the institution are kept in constant employ. 
 
 The officers and directors of Z. C. M. I. are the fol- 
 lowing well-known and prominent gentlemen, recognized 
 everywhere as stable business men of sound financial 
 standing and long experience as men of affairs: President, 
 Joseph F. Smith; Vice-President, George Romney; Sec- 
 retary and General Superintendent, T. G. Webber; Treas- 
 urer, A. W. Carlson; Directors, Heber J. Grant, John R. 
 Winder, H. Dinwoodey, J. R. Barnes, F. M. Lyman, P. T. 
 Farnsworth, John Henry Smith, Anthon H. Lund, Wil- 
 liam H. Mclntyre, Reed Smoot and T. G. Webber. The 
 names of all these gentlemen are associated with many 
 other great enterprises in the State of Utah. The branch 
 institution at Ogden is under the able management of 
 John Watson, and that at Provo under the no less able ad- 
 ministration of L. O. Taft. 
 
 The great responsibility of the management of this 
 magnificent enterprise with all its branches and ramifica- 
 tions, rests upon the shoulders of Col. T. G. Webber, who 
 has been Secretary and Treasurer of the institution since 
 1871, and Secretary and General Superintendent from 1888 
 until the present time. He is a familiar figure in all 
 prominent business circles. In addition to the important 
 positions he occupies in Z. C. M. I., he is a Director in 
 Zion's Savings Bank, the Home Fire Insurance Company 
 and the Postal Telegraph Company; President of Zion's 
 Benefit Building Society, the Utah Jobbers' Association 
 and the Salt Lake Public Library; and Second Vice-Pres- 
 ident of the Utah Light and Power Company. His title 
 as Colonel is no mere honorary one; he fough in the 
 Union Army during the Civil War, and his name is a syn- 
 onym for integrity, caution, firmness and suavity, and is 
 known throughout the business world. Treasurer A. W. 
 Carlson is also a genetleman of culture and experience, has 
 traveled extensively in both hemispheres, and is a director 
 in the Deseret National Bank, Deseret Savings Bank, State 
 Bank of Utah and Zion's Benefit Building Society. 
 
 Z. C. M. I. has been of immense benefit to the whole 
 Rocky Mountain region. It has supplied people of the 
 West with merchandise of all descriptions of good quality 
 at fair prices. It has prevented "corners" on articles in 
 general use, and which may be classed with common neces- 
 saries. It has stimulated trades and manufactures. It 
 has kept in the community for general circulation vast 
 sums that would have otherwise been carried out to other 
 points, to the depletion of the currency at home. It has 
 furnished profitable employment to many hands that but 
 for it would have been idle. It has aided in the main- 
 tenance of honest business principles. It has given firm- 
 ness to the financial credit of the business of the state. 
 It has shown an example of enterprise, progress and the 
 benefits of building up and beautifying the city and state 
 where its influence chiefly extends, and it stands as a 
 monument to the foresight, business ability, and breadth of 
 mind and character of its great and illustrious founder. 
 
i UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY. 
 
 What It Has Accomplished for Utah, Idaho, Montana and Wyoming. 
 
 OF THE many characteristics of the Great West per- 
 haps none are more prominent than its mighty dis- 
 tances. The territory is so vast, and the population 
 so small In comparison. Its enormous resources could only 
 be known and marketed when these distances were over- 
 come. 
 
 Through the agency of railroads and the telegraph this 
 was in great part accomplished, and a quarter of a century 
 saw the West develop as did never country develop before; 
 but It was not until the advent of the Rocky Mountain Bell 
 
 have known the West from Its infancy, and its physical 
 and economic characteristics have been thoroughly studied 
 and understood. To them a telephone system covering 
 the whole inter-mountain country seemed a necessity, and 
 with a proper regard to the peculiar conditions it appeared 
 to be, and has proved to be. a business success. George Y. 
 Wallace, President, crossed the Missouri River forty years 
 ago, and is thoroughly familiar with the whole inter- 
 mountain territory. Major George M. Downey. Vice-Presi- 
 dent, is a retired army officer, and scouted over the country 
 
 GIU. V. WAI.I.AI K 
 
 DIRECTORS OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY. 
 D. S. Mt'KKAV GBO. M. DOWNKY H. C. Hn I TM<-*. MANMIAI i 
 
 W. S. Me L.'KKI, K 
 
 Telephone Company that these seemingly impossible dis- 
 tances became as nothing at all. 
 
 In compiling this work the Deseret News cannot omit 
 an account of this Company and Its indispensable part In 
 developing Utah, the Inland Empire. 
 
 It was Indeed a resolute body of men who first dared 
 to contemplate a telephone system covering this most Inac- 
 cessible territory of the United States, where communiti<-* 
 re so far separated, through a region but sparsely settled. 
 A personal experience alone can convey some conception 
 of the endless barren miles between man and his neighbor, 
 between settlement and city; yet today the lines of the 
 Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Company connect the 
 remotest corners of the four great States, Utah. Idaho. 
 Montana and Wyoming, and the Company Is listed as one 
 of the strongest and most successful Industrial enterprise* 
 west of Chicago. 
 
 A glance at the personnel of the management goes far 
 to explain the Company's success and standing. These men 
 
 in the days of the Red Men. W. S. McCornlck. Treasurer, 
 has been most prominently connected with the finances of 
 the West from the earliest days; and Major H. C. Hill. 
 Secretary, has long been a resident of Utah. These gentle- 
 men, with Thomas Marshall and James Ivors of Salt I,ake 
 City, C. W. Clark of Butte, Alonzo Hurt of Kansas City 
 and C. Jay French of Boston, constitute the Board of 
 Directors. The General Manager, D. S. Murray, joined the 
 forces of the company when a youth, and by his worth 
 has attained his present office. The excellent physical 
 condition and operation of the company are In great part 
 due to his efficient management. 
 
 The company has always entertained a keen sense of 
 Its public calling, and Its policy has been liberal In the 
 matter of rates and extensions. Each year Its lines are 
 extended hundreds of miles to Isolated communities, there- 
 tofore without outside communication except the mall and 
 stage coach. 
 
 An especial feature of Its service combines both the 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 73 
 
 exchanges and toll lines under the one management, which 
 enables all of its thousands of subscribers to talk directly 
 with each other. This is an advantage that can best be 
 appreciated when it is known that fully 90 per cent of the 
 company's toll line business originates from the private 
 telephones of its subscribers. One may sit in his office and 
 talk over 400,000 square miles of territory over the Com- 
 pany's lines. 
 
 The longest one distance covered in a direct line is 
 from Denver, Colo., to Spokane, Wash., 1,326 miles. An- 
 other line extends from Northern Montana, near the Cana- 
 dian border, to Beaver, Utah, a distance of more than 
 800 miles. From Salt Lake City to Lander in the center 
 of Wyoming is 864 miles, and the line to Huntington, Ore- 
 gon, is over 500 miles in length. 
 
 Fifteen thousand miles of toll line wires are embraced 
 in the Company's system. 450 cities and towns are sup- 
 
 Montana; Boise City, Idaho; and Ogden and Park City, 
 City is one of Utah's ornaments; and Butte and Helena. 
 
 Utah, each has its own exchange building. In Cheyenne, 
 Wyoming, a new building is now being erected as a part 
 of this great system. 
 
 'THOUGHTS THAT FLASH MIDST WIRES AND BELI.s 
 O'ER CRAGGY PEAKS AND FLOWERY DELLS." 
 
 plied with the best of modern telephone service. The policy 
 of the management is to erect and maintain for their own 
 with each other. This is an advantage that can best be 
 
 use buildings in each of the more important exchange 
 centers. The magnificent fire-proof structure in Salt Lake 
 
 This brief account may in some measure acquaint the 
 public with what the Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone 
 Company has accomplished for Utah, Idaho, Montana and 
 Wyoming. No one human agency has done so much to 
 accelerate business in all parts of the world as the tele- 
 phone, and in the development of this Inland Empire the 
 work of the Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Company has 
 played an indispensable part. Already the distances of the 
 West have been overcome, and in a matter of months only 
 what may we not see? Will every prospector in the hills 
 call to capital below? Will every rancher follow the round- 
 up by telephone? Will the tail board of every sheep wagon 
 carry its telephone instrument? The light of the past is 
 so glorious the shadows are cast far beyond these things; 
 and if they can be done, we know they will be done by the 
 progressive management of the Rocky Mountain Bell Tele- 
 phone Company. 
 
74 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 THE INLAND CRYSTAL SALT COMPANY. 
 
 TO THE tourist who periodically visits this section 
 of the country Utah holds many attractions. From 
 its lofty, snow-capped mountains with their stores 
 of precious metals to the beautiful fertile valleys, reclaimed 
 by irrigation from desert wastes, there is one constantly 
 changing scene which fascinates and attracts globe-trotters, 
 tourists and the stranger within our gates. Among the 
 many natural wonders of this wonderful State none have 
 been more commented upon than that magnificent Inland 
 
 Joseph F. Smith, President; John Long, of Kansas City. 
 Vice-President ; I. A. Clayton. Secretary and Treasurer, and 
 Nephi W. Clayton. Manager. With these gentlemen as 
 officers the new company at once contracted for the erection 
 of a thoroughly modern plant, and prepared to enter the 
 I'u-lii in earnest as producers of the famous product of this 
 famous lake. New machinery was installed, new and im- 
 proved ideas introduced and with the unlimited capital at 
 their command the management has succeeded in giving 
 
 I ii? t. Klrl. 
 
 ISLAM) IRV-.IAL SALT COMPANY'.-. PLANT. 
 
 I HI KIM 
 
 sea, the Great Salt Lake; without an exception the largest 
 salt lake In this country, and one of the wonders of the 
 world. 
 
 For many years after the settlement of the productive 
 land surrounding the lake no attempt was mado to put its 
 salt to any commercial use, although crude methods were 
 adopted In securing such quantities as were necessary to 
 Hi-- little settlements of people along Its shores. Indeed, 
 not until 1877 was any effort made to reflnc the salt, at 
 which time a company known as the Inland Salt Company 
 was formed ami comment f<l operations In a small way on 
 the site of the present refinery. It remained, however, for 
 the present company to demonstrate tin- superiority of Hit- 
 product of the Great Salt Lake when properly reflned. 
 
 The Inland Crystal Salt Company, which succeeded to 
 Hie old Inland Salt Company's business, was organized and 
 Incorporated through the untiring personal efforts of the 
 manager. Col. Nephl W. Clayton, who Is one of the pioneer 
 salt men of the State and had long expressed his confidence 
 In the future of the salt business when properly handled. 
 lie organized and Incorporated the present company with 
 a capital of one million dollars during the year 1898. The 
 following distinguished officer* compose Its personnel: 
 
 to this city the proud distinction of having the only salt 
 refinery In the entire West. Those who are in a position 
 to know are unanimous in declaring the plant to be equal 
 to any In the country, and Its product, the "Salt That's All 
 Salt." has won a reputation throughout the entire Inter- 
 mountain country that brooks no competition. Its "Royal 
 Crystal" brand, in particular. Is known as the finest reflned 
 table salt on the market, and Is guaranteed to be 100 per 
 cent, pure salt. 
 
 A description of the plant and method of refining may 
 not be Inappropriate in this magn/ine. which Is designed 
 to show the Industrial ilevelopnient of the State, and which 
 would be manifestly Incomplete without particular men- 
 tion of one of Utah's greatest Industries, the Inland Crystal 
 Salt Company. 
 
 The visitor to the popular lake resort, Saltalr. will, 
 upon approaching the lake, notice Mreat beds of salt on 
 either side the track of the Salt l-ake and Ixis Angeles 
 Railroad. These are the Immense beds Into which the 
 brine Is pumped from the lake and from which, after the 
 water has evaporated, the salt Is harvested and hauled to 
 the refinery. The pumping station Is located In the bed of 
 the lake to the right of the railroad and but a short distance 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 75 
 
 from the magnificent pavilion. Eacly in the spring the 
 pumps are started up and kept working night and day for 
 a period of four or five months. The brine is conveyed by 
 immense wooden flumes to the salt beds, which cover an 
 area of over 2,000 acres. The beds are divided off into 
 blocks or squares and covered to a depth of about seventeen 
 
 according to the grade wished, it is finally conveyed to the 
 packing room, where it is sacked and baled and prepared 
 for shipment. The company has a most commodious ware- 
 house with a capacity of several thousand tons. Here the 
 salt awaits shipment, which is greatly facilitated by the 
 presence of both the Oregon Short Line and Salt Lake and 
 Los Angeles Railroad tracks. 
 
 Some idea of the extent of the business transacted by 
 the company may be gained from the knowledge that last 
 year the sales amounted to over 30,000 tons of salt. An 
 average of sixty men are employed in the salt beds, refin- 
 ery and pumping stations. Two traveling representatives, 
 Mr. Robert J. Shields and Vernon S. Hardy, look after the 
 interests of the company on the "road," while the Superin- 
 tendent of the plant, Mr. W. H. Jack, is a gentleman of wide 
 experience in his particular line of work. 
 
 An immense amount of money has been expended in 
 bringing the plant up to its present state of perfection, and 
 
 1500 TONS OF SALT. 
 
 or eighteen inches, sufficient water being pumped on to 
 replace that lost by evaporation until about the first of 
 September, when the water then remaining is allowed to 
 evaporate and the salt is scraped up into large square piles 
 sometimes as much as 2,000 tons to the pile. From these 
 immense piles it is hauled on the railroad a distance of 
 two miles or less to the refinery, at which point labor-saving 
 machinery in the shape of steam shovels, crushers, etc., 
 han;lle it. It is crushed and dried, and all foreign sub- 
 stances such as soda, magnesia, lime and dust removed by 
 immense steam fans. After a still further process involv- 
 ing the mechanical handling of the salt a number of times 
 during which it is ground to the desired degree of fineness 
 
 SCENE ON THE SALT BKDS. 
 
 the management of the plant is to be congratulated upon the 
 success they have achieved in giving to this city and State 
 an industry of which all Utah may well be proud. 
 
 WELLS, FARGO AND COMPANY BANK. 
 
 AMONG the leading financial institutions of America 
 Wells, Fargo and Company is to be found in the front 
 rank. Not only does this hold good in the United 
 States but in every city of importance in Europe as well as 
 the Orient and Antipodes, is the name of this banking firm 
 a household word. In point of resources, reliability and 
 facilities afforded to patrons, few financial concerns in 
 the West can compete with this well-known house. 
 Established in 1852, its history has been one of advance- 
 ment, while as a prime factor in the building up of the 
 undeveloped West it stands out in bold relief, towering 
 above all rivals. The headquarters of this bank are in 
 San Francisco, branches being established in New York 
 City, Portland, Oregon, and Salt Lake City, and with corre- 
 spondents in every city of note in the United States, 
 Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and the rest of the world. 
 The bank is under the management of Homer S. King, 
 President, a financier of National reputation. Its total 
 resources reach an aggregate sum of upwards of twenty- 
 two millions of dollars. Its incorporated capital is $8,000,- 
 000, 80,000 shares which are quoted on the New York 
 Stock Exchange at from $225 to $250. A statement of the 
 condition of the bank which was issued July 31, 1902, 
 sets forth its paid-up banking capital at $500,000, surplus 
 and undivided profits at $11,089,494.47, with deposits, indi- 
 
 vidual or otherwise, amounting to $10,624,567.92. In addi- 
 tion to a general banking business, Wells, Fargo and Com- 
 pany also carries on an express business upon gigantic 
 lines, being one of the leading express companies of the 
 United States. It operates all the lines of the Southern 
 Pacific System, the Santa Fe, Rio Grande Western, Erie, 
 and many other railroad systems throughout the Country. 
 Taken all in all, this huge Company operates railroad, 
 steamship and stage lines aggregating 44,583 miles, with 
 3,873 offices. It owns its own wharf at Jersey City, from 
 which its trains are daily loaded, unloaded and dispatched. 
 Every day in the year its own train pulls out for Chicago, 
 making connections with the Santa Fe. Two through 
 cars are run across the Continent. The bank deals 
 with every phase of banking business, offering facilities 
 that are unsurpassed by any other financial institution in 
 the West. The Salt Lake Branch of this mammoth con- 
 cern is located in its own building at Nos. 123-125 South 
 Main Street, a spot where in the old staging days of Ben 
 Halliday the reeking teams used to pull up from their long 
 run across the desert with the mails, gold dust and 
 passengers. Today this branch is under the management 
 of H. L. Miller, cashier, John E. Miles, assistant cashier. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 ZION'S SAVINGS BANK AND TRUST COMPANY. 
 
 ONE OF the strongest and best managed savings in- 
 stitutions of this city is the Zion's Savings Bank 
 and Trust Company, which occupies handsome 
 and spacious offices in Its own building the Tern- 
 pleton at the head of Main Street. The above well- 
 known financial institution was established August 6, 1873, 
 and since its inception has gradually increased its business 
 until at the present day it has more than 33,000 savings 
 accounts and receives deposits not only from people of 
 Utah, but also from residents of nearly every State in the 
 
 furnished, the floor is laid in a unique pattern of art tile . In 
 addition to the two large vaults of the latest fire- and burglar- 
 proof design, the bank places at the disposal of its patrons 
 554 safety deposit boxes wherein jewels and valuable docu- 
 ments may be stored at normal rent and in absolute safety. 
 These boxes are so constructed that it is impossible to open 
 them without the use of two keys, one being in the possession 
 of the lessee, while the other never leaves the possession 
 of the bank officials. The bank is fortunate in having as 
 its cashier George M. Cannon, to whose wisely-directed 
 
 II \NK AND TRUM COMPANY*! Bt 11.1)1 Nc. " TH t I I MI'M I < , , l >U ,\I> OF MAIN M K I- M . 
 
 Union, oc well as from some foreign countries. The capital 
 stock of the bank is $200,000. Its officers and directors are 
 among the most prominent business men and Influential capi- 
 talists of this State, In whom* ability and Integrity absolute 
 confidence Is placed. The officers are: Joseph F.Smlth. Pres- 
 ident; Anthon II. I. Mini. Vice-President : Oeorge M. Cannon. 
 Cashier; Lewis M. Cannon. Assistant Cashier. The Board 
 of Directors consists of the President and Vice- President. 
 Angus M. Cannon, T. O. Webber, Angus J. Cannon. George 
 !( innldH. Kram is M. l.yman. A. Owen Woodruff, llyrum 
 M. Smith. U John Nuttatl. James Jack. JohnT. Calne and 
 John K Winder. Under the prudent and careful management 
 of the administration Zion's Savings Hank has made Im- 
 mense strides and wonderful advancement during the past 
 twelve years. The bank Is appropriately equipped and richly 
 
 efforts the Institution owes no little of Its phenomenal 
 success during recent years. Mr. Cannon Is well-known 
 throughout the State as a financier of no mean order and 
 has been honored with positions of public trust as the gift 
 of the electors at the polls. Among other positions that he 
 has filled with honor may be mentioned those of Comity 
 Recorder. Chairman of the State Republican Committee, 
 and member of the State Legislature. Mr. Cannon was 
 the first President of the Senate of the State of Utah, 
 and was also a member of the Constitutional Convention 
 that framed the State Constitution, and as such was Chair- 
 man of two Important committees Revenue and Taxation, 
 and Committee on Public Debt. That he has future honors 
 In store for him Is generally conceded. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 77 
 
 "SEEING SALT LAKE CITY." 
 
 FROM an historical standpoint, Salt Lake City is the 
 most attractive city of its size in this country. The 
 tourist or traveler who has crossed the continent and 
 not stopped at this Mecca of all tourists, "The City of the 
 Saints," has indeed missed one of the greatest treats of 
 the transcontinental trip. With its myriad attractions, 
 in the shape of old buildings associated with the "Mor- 
 mons" and the pioneer days of the last century, its 
 majestic mountains at our very door, the great Salt Lake 
 within easy access and the thousand and one features 
 which delight the eye, little wonder that the reputation 
 of this metropolis Of the "Inland Empire" has been 
 heralded far and wide. 
 
 It formerly was quite a problem with the stranger 
 within our gates as to the best way to see the city within 
 
 on these cars are low only 50 cents per ticket, or private 
 chartered cars, $15. To best illustrate the trip let us 
 imagine ourselves in the car on a beautiful fall morning. 
 
 Starting from the business center of the city, historical 
 old buildings are encountered from the outset. Among 
 the first are the Continental Hotel, a few years ago the 
 finest hotel west of the Missouri River, the Tribune Build- 
 ing the home of one of the morning papers is further 
 along on the same street. Running around onto the princi- 
 pal street, we pass the popular Kenyon Hotel, a modern 
 hostelry situated in the business center of the city. The 
 fashionable Hotel Knutsford is soon passed, and the car 
 speeds down toward the southern portion of the city, 
 passing through the wide, well-kept streets for which 
 this city is famous; the former residence of Maude 
 
 - 
 
 A M-KING SALT LAKE CITY OBSERVATION CAR AT PIONEER MONUMENT. 
 
 the short time which most travelers have to spend in any 
 one spot. This has been solved most satisfactorily by the 
 enterprise of a firm who provide specially chartered cars 
 known as "observation cars." These cars leave the princi- 
 pal hotels of the city on regular schedules both in the 
 morning and afternoon, in charge of a competent and 
 entertaining lecturer, who explains every point of interest 
 as it is passed. The advantage of this method of "seeing 
 Salt Lake" over the one formerly resorted to, i. e., "buy- 
 ing" a hack and being hauled through the streets for an 
 hour or two, and missing the really beautiful views which 
 can only be obtained from the high ground in the east 
 and north traversed by the car line, are numerous. The 
 aristocratic tourists State officials, Senators, millionaires, 
 whose time is precious take observation cars. Some wire 
 ahead for "seeing cars" to meet them on arrival at depots, 
 and proceed at once to see the wonderful city, and hear 
 it talked about. All call it the "banner trip." The rates 
 
 Adams, an unpretentious little brick structure, is pointed 
 out, and soon the car arrives at Liberty Park. This 
 piece of land 100 acres in extent, was donated by Brigham 
 Young to the city, so the lecturer informs us. A turn, and 
 again we are running north past the City and County 
 Building, one of the sights of the city, and a magnificent 
 structure. Up through Main Street from Fifth South, we 
 pass the great financial institutions of the city and the 
 handsome business blocks until Pioneer Monument is 
 reached. From this point we continue north, pass the 
 famous Temple, L. D. S. University buildings and up onto 
 Center Street, where many beautiful homes are situated. 
 Along the high ground on this street, on a clear day, the 
 tourist can see the glistening waters of the greatest inland 
 salt sea on this Continent. Continuing out this street, we 
 soon arrive at one of the natural hot sulphur springs for 
 which this city is famous. These springs rival those of 
 
UTAH THK INLAND KM PI RE 
 
 the famous Arkansas resort, and have wonderful medicinal 
 properties. 
 
 Again we observe the oldest residence section of the 
 city, many of the old adobe houses still standing and being 
 used that were built flfty years ago by the early settlers. 
 The Tabernacle is visited upon the return, and the car 
 again passes Pioneer Monument and runs up the hill to 
 the grave of Brigham Young, and continues out east on 
 South Temple, or Brigham" Street, to the hills at the 
 line of the Government Reservation. This is the choicest 
 residence portion of the city, and there are many homes 
 lining the thoroughfare that would ornament a Fifth Ave- 
 nue, a Lake Shore Drive or the aristocratic Back Bay 
 district of Boston. Here are the homes of many of 
 
 the mining kings of Utah. The historic Lion and Bee- 
 Hive houses. Gardo House or Amelia Palace, and the 
 Historian's office and tithing houses are also included In 
 the Itinerary, and two hours after the start has been made 
 have passed all too quickly, and you have probably seen 
 more of The City of the Saints than many a citizen who 
 has resided here for ten years. The lecturers employed 
 by the company are courteous, educated gentlemen, and 
 fully describe, in an accurate manner, all the points of 
 Interest. The cars are the latest product from the 
 Eastern factories, and the trip is one of enjoyment through- 
 out The kindest thing you could do for your friends is to 
 tell them of the pleasures of a trip on the "Seeing Salf 
 Lake C'ty Cars." 
 
 CLARK, ELDREDGK & CO. 
 
 AS A branch of trade of paramount importance to the 
 growth and interest of Salt Lake, and as a represen- 
 tative and mammoth commercial establishment, the 
 business of which extends to the remotest corners of Utah 
 and overflows across the boundaries Into contiguous States, 
 the enterprising firm of Clark, Eldredge & Co.. 141-143 West 
 First South Street, must be mentioned in this review of 
 the growth and development of 'The City of the Saints." 
 Salt Lake has reason to be proud of the huge business 
 blocks that line some of her busiest thoroughfares and 
 establish an air of solidity and metropolitanism throughout 
 the community. Prominent among the large wholesale 
 concerns of this city is the one which is the subject of 
 this sketch. This firm was established In 1881 to be incor- 
 porated six years later. It was not until 12 years ago. 
 however, that the flrm occupied their present handsome 
 and commodious quarters. Prior to that time this whole- 
 sale house was located in the Hooper-Eldredge Block, but 
 It soon became apparent that the then existing quarters 
 were inadequate to handle more than a small portion of 
 the business which came in by every mall. The present 
 home of the Clark-Eldredge Company Is essentially one 
 which In every sense of the word meets the requirements 
 for which It was erected; the four floors and basement 
 affording the Company 49.500 square feet of floor area 
 whereon to store goods. A visit to this establishment 1s 
 very Instructive, and no matter at what time of the year 
 the premises may be inspected, they will be found stocked 
 to the limit. The various lines of goods handled by this 
 flrm are the most complete In the West, embracing as 
 they do, groceries, provisions, dried fruits, cigars, tobacco, 
 cigarettes, confectionery, crackers, nuts, hardware, wooden- 
 ware, crockery, glassware, tinware, oil. paints, brushes, 
 drugs, stationery, notions, and many other articles and 
 commodities too numerous to mention. Their trade Is 
 large and covers this Inter-mountain region. A number 
 of traveling salesmen are kept constantly moving through 
 Utah and the adjacent States with the result that the dally 
 uhlpments reach large proportions. Buying In carload lots, 
 this Company does business on a big scale and reaps the 
 benefits that buying and shipping In such quantities en- 
 title It to. This business today stands prominent among 
 the large wholesale houses In the West John Clark Is 
 General Manager of the Company and John E. Clark the 
 Secretary. John Clark Is too well knnwa toned any ex- 
 tended Introduction to U>- residents at tM* State. A 
 
 business man, conservative and energetic, he was the 
 choice of the people of this city at the polls five years 
 ago for the gift of the mayoralty of Salt Lake City. No 
 
 CLARK, ELDRKDCK & CO'S Rill DIM. 
 
 sooner was his name put on the Citizens' Ticket than he 
 proceeded to sweep all before him. His subsequent term 
 of office was marked by a careful policy which demon- 
 strated that judicious economy In the administration of the 
 affairs of this city was marked by effective results. When 
 Mayor Clark finally relinquished his office, he left behind 
 him a record which justified many members of both politi- 
 cal parties In desiring his re nomination and election. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 79 
 
 C. M. NEUHAUSEN. 
 
 THE past few years have marked an era of great activ- 
 ity in building in Salt Lake City, and prominent 
 among the architects of the city who have contrib- 
 uted their genius and skill to beautifying the garden spot of 
 Utah stands Mr. C. M. Neuhausen. The handsome resi- 
 dences, modern business blocks and commanding public 
 buildings he has designed and erected are the highest testi- 
 monials his exceptional attainments could have, and their 
 forecast eloquently proclaims well-merited prosperity for 
 him and a staunch maintenance of the city's claim to 
 modern architecture throughout its growth and continued 
 development. 
 
 Mr. Neuhausen was born in 1853 and owes his nativity 
 to Germany, that country which has contributed so many 
 men of genius to the United States. He received his edu- 
 cation in his native land and graduated in the Class of 
 '78 from the Polytechnic at Stuttgart. He practiced his 
 profession but a short time in Germany before becoming 
 imbued with the idea that America was the great country 
 of the future, and accordingly he came to Chicago, where 
 he was connected with prominent architectural firms for 
 some time. He was afterward located in the twin cities, 
 St. Paul and Minneapolis, for a number of years, where he 
 took an active part in the upbuilding of those progressive 
 places. Coming to Salt Lake City in 1892, Mr. Neuhausen 
 at once entered the employ of R. Kletting, who at that 
 
 he has accomplished within recent years, we mention the 
 following buildings, all of which will be found reproduced 
 in half-tone engravings in various parts of this magazine: 
 The palatial residence of Senator Thomas Kearns and the 
 handsome home of J. D. Wood, the mining magnate, are 
 
 THE ASSEMBLY HALL. 
 
 products of his office, also the Kearns St. Ann's Orphanage 
 and the D. F. Walker Block. He is at present engaged in 
 the construction of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cathedral, 
 the extensive addition to the Holy Cross Hospital and the 
 remodeling and addition of All Hallows College, which, 
 upon its completion, will materially add to the dignity and 
 
 I. I). WOOD'S HOME. 
 
 time was engaged in constructing plans for the famous 
 Saltair Pavilion. Mr. Neuhausen was not the man, how- 
 ever, to remain long in the employ of another. His in- 
 herited ambition and renius which, combined with an 
 indefatigable desire for work, soon led him to open an 
 office on his own account. He met with immediate and 
 nattering success, and some of our most beautiful and 
 imposing buildings were designed by him. Among the work 
 
 general appearance of the city's educational institutions, 
 and the architectural splendor of the city. 
 
 Mr. Neuhausen's offices are eligibly located in the 
 Dooly Block, and are decorated with gems of architectural 
 design, as reproducer! in drawings and photographs of the 
 best architecture of the day. Many of his own designs 
 are in evidence, and it is needless to say that they harmon- 
 ize with the excellent selection throughout 
 
8o 
 
 UTAH THK INLAND KMPIRK 
 
 J. A. HEADLUND. 
 
 EVERY stranger who has visited Salt Lake has gone 
 away impressed with her broad streets lined with 
 palatial mansions and dainty cottages. Marvelous as 
 has been within the past few years the development of other 
 lines of business, not one has outstripped that of the archi- 
 tect. It is more than a business, it is a profession needing 
 education, culture and a knowledge beyond the mere draw- 
 Ing of designs and the ability to figure how many shingles 
 are required to cover a given area. It Is to the architect that 
 Salt I-ake owes much. In the old days of the adobe house 
 and the log cabin every man was his own architect. Today 
 if he desires to erect a home he tells an architect what he 
 wants and in a few days be has before him plans and 
 
 However, with the news of the boom, he elected to come to 
 Salt Lake, where he has been for the past nine years, dur- 
 ing which time he has surrounded himself with a good 
 clientage, and has been Instrumental in erecting numerous 
 monuments to his good taste in the form of artistic and 
 cosy residences and imposing structures. Mr. Headlund 
 is fortunate in having for a partner a fellow-countryman 
 with a splendid record in his profession, M. E. Liljenberg, 
 who is ranked among the foremost draughtsmen in Salt 
 Lake today. He is a gentleman with an exceptionally 
 bright future before him. Educated in Sweden, he gradu- 
 ated from the Royal Technical Institute at Stockholm with 
 honors. Recognizing that America has great possibilities, 
 
 CEO. M. CANNON'S ll\lt ON THE HISTORIC OLD CHURCH FARM, FORMERLY OWNED BY IIKH.M \M Ynl M. 
 
 elevations. In due season he selects what be wants and 
 then sits back and lets the architect do the rest without 
 fear that the various contractors will put inferior material 
 Into hi* home, for the architect watches all that. The 
 ssful man today must be endowed with originality 
 and artistic temperament. If he has traveled and used his 
 eyes and brain, so much the better. Just such a man In 
 John A. Headlund, who occupies spacious offices at 623- 
 524 Dooljr Building, and who has to his credit some of the 
 best proportioned and neatest structures that have been 
 erected In Salt Lake. Mr. Headlund has not been a resi- 
 dent of Salt lAke all bis life, for be has traveled exten- 
 sively. Born In Sweden, he rossed the Atlantic at an early 
 age to ultimately settle In Chicago, where be entered 
 an architect's office,' and later attended the Architects' 
 Institute, where he soon made bis mark and was picked 
 out as one of the most promising students. When he 
 had thoroughly mastered his chosen profession he went 
 to Kansas City to later settle In Colorado Springs. M>T 
 be soon became known as a man of progressive Ideas. 
 
 be sailed for New York, where he entered an architect's 
 office as a draughtsman. In all he remained in Gotham 
 for ten years, when he elected to return home for a couple 
 of years. But America had charms for him. and once 
 more he crossed the Atlantic and ultimately came to Salt 
 Lake, where he entered the engineering department of the 
 Oregon Short Line, l.ntcr he went Into partnership with 
 Mr Ileadlund. Hoth Mr. Headlund and Mr. Liljenberg are 
 prominent In social circles among their fellow countrymen 
 IHTI- as well as being universally and favorably known 
 through) ut the community as being men of Integrity and 
 honest mcthodH. The charge of Inferior work and substi- 
 tution of marred material that has been laid at the door 
 of so many architects has never boon hinted at on any work 
 performed by this firm. They are both highly respected 
 In this community, and have always exhibited a spirit of 
 generosity, progress and Integrlt. which has flrmly en 
 treneheii them In the esteem of the general public. To 
 enumerate the numerous structures and handsome real- 
 deuce* they have been Instrumental In erecting In Salt 
 Lake would require too much space 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 81 
 
 "THE GREATEST THING IN THE WORLD." 
 
 STOLID, indeed, is he who can front the awful scene 
 and view its unearthly splendor of color and form 
 without quaking knee or tremulous breath. An in- 
 ferno, swathed in soft celestial fires; a whole chaotic 
 underworld, just emptied of primeval floods and waiting for a 
 new creative world; eluding all sense of perspective or di- 
 mension, outstretching the faculty of measurement, overlap- 
 ping the confines of definite apprehension ; a boding, terrible 
 thing, unflinchingly real, yet spectral as a dream. The behold- 
 er is at first unimpressed by any detail; he is overwhelmed 
 by the ensemble of a stupenduous panorama, a thousand 
 square miles in extent, that lies wholly beneath the eye, 
 
 ing the eye more by reason* of its somber tone and mys- 
 terious suggestion than by any appreciable characteristic 
 of a chasm. It is perhaps five miles distant in a straight 
 line, and its uppermost rims are nearly 4.000 feet beneath 
 the observer, whose measuring capacity is entirely inade- 
 quate to the demand made by such magnitudes. One can 
 not believe the distance to be more than a mile as the 
 crow flies, before descending the wall or attempting some 
 other form of actual measurement. 
 
 Mere brain knowledge counts for little against the 
 illusion under which the organ of vision is here doomed to 
 labor. Yonder cliff, darkening from white to gray, yellow, 
 
 Copyright i 899. by B.V.Peabodv. 
 
 GRAND CANYON OF ARIZONA. 
 
 as it' he stood upon a mountain peak instead of the level 
 brink of a fearful chasm in the plateau, whose opposite 
 shore is thirteen miles away. A labyrinth of huge archi- 
 tectural forms, endlessly varied in design, fretted with 
 ornamental devices, festooned with lace-like webs formed 
 of talus from the upper cliffs and painted with every color 
 known to the palette in pure transparent tones of marvel- 
 ous delicacy. Never was picture more harmonious, never 
 flower more exquisitely beautiful. It flashes instant com- 
 munication of all that architecture and painting and music 
 for a thousand years have gropingly striven to express. It 
 is the soul of Michael Angelo and of Beethoven. 
 
 A canyon, truly, but not after the accepted type. An 
 intricate system of canyons, rather, each subordinate to the 
 river channel in the midst, which in its turn is subordinate 
 to the whole effect. That river channel, the profoundest 
 depth, and actually more than 6,000 feet below the point 
 of view, is in seeming a rather insignificant trench, attract- 
 
 and brown as your glance descends, is taller than the 
 Washington Monument. The Auditorium in Chicago would 
 not cover one-half its perpendicular span. Yet it does not 
 greatly impress you. You idly toss a pebble toward it, and 
 are surprised to note how far the missile falls short. By 
 and by you will learn that it is a good half mile distant, 
 and when you go down the trail you will gain an abiding 
 sense of its real proportions. Yet, relatively, it is an un- 
 important detail of the scene. 
 
 The foregoing refers, of course, to The Grand Canyon of 
 Arizona, the greatest natural wonder in the world. The 
 Grand Canyon can now be reached by rail over the Santa 
 Fe but by no other railroad. 
 
 Handsomely illustrated descriptive matter will be 
 furnished upon application to any representative of this 
 company. C. F. Warren is the general agent of the Santa 
 Fe in Salt Lake City, while J. P. Hall acts in a similar 
 capacity in Denver, Colorado. 
 
THE Denver and Rio Grande System, which is known 
 as "The Scenic Line of the World, and which is the 
 only line passing directly through Salt Lake City, 
 forms the most attractive of all the trans-continental routes 
 traversing, as it does, the Rocky Mountains through the 
 great States of Colorado and Utah between Denver and 
 Ogden. a distance encompassing more grand, varied and 
 attractive mountain scenery than can be viewed from the 
 car windows of any other railroad of equal distance in the 
 world. 
 
 GARDEN OF THE GODS. 
 
 This System is no exception to other great American 
 roads as to its facilities for providing commodious and lux- 
 urious accommodations for Its patrons, being famous every- 
 where for Its splendid equipment. All through trains are 
 equipped with the newest patterns of Pullman and ordinary 
 sleeping cars, a brand-new consignment of day coaches, and 
 its superb dining car service, operated on the a la carte 
 plan, have no superior on the continent, and nowhere can 
 the tourist or pleasure-seeker secure more comfort while 
 traveling than on "The Scenic Line of the World." 
 
 It would be Impossible In so small a space as Is offered 
 herein to touch even lightly on all the sights and scenes 
 of the great Rocky Mountain region through which the 
 traveler Is carried on the journey between Denver. Salt 
 l/akf City and Ogden over this route; but the Illustrations 
 shown herein will give the public at least a peep Into some 
 of the wonders of this enchanted land. It Is to be 
 remembered that stop-overs are allowed at all points on 
 through tickets, the limits of which will permit. 
 
 leaving Denver "The Scenic Line" lies along the foot- 
 hills, passing over the Divide at Palmer l.ake. thence on 
 to the beautiful Hiy of Colorado Springs, from which point 
 by a ride of three hours via the new Cripple Creek Short 
 Line, the traveler Is In the heart <>( the famous Cripple 
 i r--''k liutrlrt. the greatest gold mining camp on earth. 
 From Colorado Springs a branch line five miles In length al- 
 HO runs to Manltou, at tli<> foot f I'ike's Peak, widely 
 known UK "The Saratoga of the West." 
 
 Leaving Colorado Springs, after an hour's ride south- 
 ward, we roach I'uehio. th<> m-rond city In point of site 
 In Colorado, and bemuse of Its great Iron smelting 
 and other manufacturing Interests la known as the 
 "Ptttsburg of the Wef ' 
 
 Turning to the west from Pueblo we soon reach the 
 thriving towns of Florence and Canyon City, the former be- 
 ing noted for its numerous oil wells and the latter for its 
 great coal, fruit and agricultural interests. From both of 
 these points another entrance to the Cripple Creek District 
 is had via the Florence and Cripple Creek Railroad. Five 
 miles distant from Canyon City the main line lies through the 
 world-famed Royal Gorge, whose precipitous sides rise over 
 half a mile in sheer ascent from the river. Thence onward 
 along the foot of the castellated peaks of the Sangre de 
 Cristo Range, we reach Salida. from which point the 
 Denver and Rio Grande System has two separate routes 
 through to Grand Junction. One of these routes Is via the 
 narrow-guage line which climbs the famed Marshall Pass 
 and through the world-renowned Black Canyon of the Gunni- 
 son, while the main line is through Leadville, with its fam- 
 ous gold and silver mines, crossing the Continental Divide 
 at Tennessee Pass (elevation 10,240 feet), thence down the 
 beautiful Eagle River Canyon, passing upder the Mount of 
 the Holy Cross through the tortuous windings of the Canyon 
 of the Grand River, within a stone's-throw of the beautiful 
 Hotel Colorado at the famous pleasure resort of Glenwood 
 Springs, and on to Grand Junction. All through tickets are 
 good via either route. 
 
 Thence onward we go across the Green River. 
 which, in conjunction with the Grand forms the Colorado, 
 and flows into the Gulf of California; through the awe-in- 
 spiring Castle Gate, over the great Wasatch Range at 
 Soldier Summit, down through the beautiful vineyard-dotted 
 Utah Valley, the resting place of Brigham Young and his 
 followers after a thousand miles of dreary march from the 
 
 THR RoYAI. 
 
 Missouri River over fifty years ago;, still onward, skirting 
 the shores of the placid Utah I-ako. following the winding 
 of the River Jordan until the beautiful City of Zlon Is 
 reached, the Journey continues by the side of that mystic In- 
 land sea the Great Salt I^ako. and the great Irrigating canals 
 to Ogdon. where connection Is made with the railroads lead- 
 Ing tn the Pacific Coast and California (mints. 
 
gg 
 
 W H^ 
 
 DC w 
 
 X 
 
8 4 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 THIS Is the oldest life insurance company in America, 
 the largest in the world, and the best because it 
 does the most good. It issues the most liberal and 
 profitable Insurance contracts In existence. 
 
 Its policies embody all the modern and most desirable 
 features of insurance or combination of investment with 
 insurance, and at the lowest premium consistent with 
 safety, and prcvide for liberal loans to the insured, large 
 cash surrender values, stated in the policy ; automatic paid- 
 up insurance without exchange of policy, or, option for 
 extended term insurance. Paying amount in instalments 
 or In one sum. Its contracts are clear, explicit and busi- 
 nesslike. 
 
 The Company Is progressive and liberal, conservative 
 and safe, purely mutual and returns all surplus to policy- 
 holders. It is represented in Utah by Rulon S. Wells. 
 
 It Is the main desire and ambition of every man to 
 
 policy must be continued and the annual payment made 
 each year, and one may be required to make so many pay- 
 ments that the estate will not realize a high rate of in- 
 terest on the total amount paid in. still the probability of 
 death occurring before that time is reached and the pos- 
 sibility of its occuning very soon and his estate thereby 
 realizing an enormous percentage of profit on the money 
 paid, is practically worth much more than the chance of 
 his losing the interest or realizing only a small rate. 
 
 The capital Immediately secured by investing in life 
 insurance is the maximum amount and at the lowest cost 
 upon the first premium being paid, whereas, the capital 
 secured by depositing the same sum annually in a sav- 
 ings bank or investing the amount in other securities is 
 the minimum amount at the beginning, gradually increas- 
 ing, and it will be very many years before it will equal the 
 principal at once secured by investing in life insurance. 
 
 HOME OFFICE OF THE MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK. 
 
 accumulate property and at his death to leave to bis fam- 
 ily or to his estate a goodly Inheritance. Most men are 
 able to save from their Income or from the profits of their 
 business only a small sum each year, and it takes many 
 year* to accumulate In this way any considerable amount. 
 
 By the payment of a small sum of money, called the 
 premium, to a life Insurance company there Is at once 
 created a relatively large Inheritance that Is certain to be 
 paid at death. This payment must be continued year 
 after year for life, or for a limited number of years, but 
 ereo to the longest liver the amount so paid or deposited 
 rarely. If ever, will exceed the amount of Inheritance se- 
 cured. 
 
 If In addition to accumulating an inheritance at death, 
 It Is desired to make provision for one's self In advanced 
 life. It can be done by making the payment a little larger 
 and taking an endowment policy, which provide* for the 
 payment of the principal to the Insured at the end of a 
 certain number of years, or to his heirs If death occurs 
 prior thereto. 
 
 While It Is inn- that the Investment In a life Insurance 
 
 But rarely. If ever, does any man persistently and con- 
 tinuously make deposits In a savings hank or an annual 
 Investment In safe securities. Besides, deposits In sav- 
 ings banks or sums Invested are subjects to claims of cred- 
 itors and are liable to be withdrawn or Investments dis- 
 posed of. and the money expended or lost. 
 
 Another great advantage of a life Insurance policy Is 
 Its absolute security. Nearly every man has lost by bad 
 Investments or misfortunes In business as much or more 
 than he has saved, and Is likely to lose In the future a 
 considerable portion of his savings. Many men have In- 
 vested In mortgages that were never repaid, or in real 
 estate which depreciated In value or In stocks of railroads 
 or other corporations that passed Into the hands of bond- 
 holders, or In bonds that have defaulted or become worth- 
 less, or In gold mine* without gold, or In silver mines with 
 
 out silver. If the same money hail I n in\.-.-teil In life 
 
 Insurance, the principal certainly would hare been re- 
 lumed and probably a handsome rate of Interest. Pre- 
 mium* paid to a life Insurance company and continued until 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 death occurs or the endowment policy matures are not 
 and cannot be lost. 
 
 Under the present policies of The Mutual Life Insu- 
 rance Company of New York, the amount of the insurance 
 can be at once securely invested at a fair rate of interest 
 without any loss of time or any risk of the loss of the 
 principal. That is, the amount can be left with the com- 
 pany and a contract be taken providing for the payment 
 of a regular sum in equal annual installments, which in- 
 cludes interest, for such a number of years as may be 
 desired, not exceeding twenty. The agreement also pro- 
 vides that at any time the unpaid installments can be com- 
 muted and their value paid in one sum. There is thus se- 
 cured an immediate and safe investment of the principal 
 for such a length of time as the beneficiary or the holder 
 of the endowment policy may desire or find convenient. 
 
 The Mutual Lite also issues a form of policy called 
 the Continuous Installment, which provides for a fixed 
 income of five per cent, of the policy as long as the bene- 
 ficial y lives and continuing for twenty years after the 
 death of the insured in any event. This is a very desir- 
 able contract. As the principal itself is not paid in one 
 sum, although a large income is secured, the premium 
 charged for such a contract is less than that charged 
 for a policy providing for the payment of the whole amount 
 at death. 
 
 Other forms of policies piovide for payment of four 
 per cent, per annum during a period of thirty-five years 
 if the beneficiary lives, and the payment of the principal 
 to the end of the term or at the death of the beneficiary 
 if prior, or for delivering bonds bearing four per cent, 
 interest payable at a fixed time. Or annuities or deferred 
 annuities can be purchased with or without life insurance. 
 In fact, contracts of life insurance companies are issued 
 to cover almost any contingency or to suit the particular 
 circumstances or desires of every one. 
 
 The earning capacity and generally a large portion of 
 the income of every man ceases at his death, but if he has 
 invested a portion of his income in a life insurance policy 
 of a sufficient amount he will perpetuate the whole or a 
 part of his income for the benefit of his family, by the in- 
 terest that they will receive upon the amount of the in- 
 surance. During his Hie himself and his family have the 
 benefit of his earnings; when he dies, his earnings will 
 cease, but his family should have the benefit of a fund 
 which will produce an annual sum aproximating his pres- 
 ent income. 
 
 The peace of mind and satisfaction derived from the 
 certainty that an inheritance is absolutely secured for one's 
 family or estate is worth to any one during his lifetime a 
 considerable poition of what it costs. A large life insu- 
 rance policy relieves the insured and his family from anx- 
 iety for the future, increases his happiness and gives him 
 freedom from care and enables him to expend his surplus 
 income upon the luxuries and comforts of life or in the 
 bestowal of charity. 
 
 The modern life insurance policy is oftentimes a con- 
 venience during life, as it can be used as collateral secu- 
 rity for a loan from the company at a low rate of interest 
 or, if absolutely necessary, it can be surrendered for the 
 rash value which is guaranteed in the policy. 
 
 The premiums paid cannot be lost, for all policies pro- 
 vide after three annual payments have been made, for 
 full paid insurance of a smaller amount, or for term in- 
 surance for a limited number of years for the full amount, 
 or for a cash surrender value, any one of which provisions 
 with the value of the protection while the original policy 
 
 was in force is an equivalent for the premiums paid. 
 
 Life insurance has become almost a universal practice. 
 The best business men, the most expert financiers, profes- 
 sional men, men of large incomes and small, farmers, ar- 
 tisans and most men of good judgment and prudence carry 
 large life insurance. The wealthiest men of the country 
 invest large amounts in life insurance. One of the multi- 
 millionaires of New York recently took a policy of one 
 million dollars, believing it to be a good investment for his 
 estate. Hundreds of the strongest and best business men 
 are insured in amounts of one million to one hundred thou- 
 sand dollars, and in every community will be found men 
 carrying life insurance in such amounts as they can afford. 
 Every man should insure his life if for not more than one 
 thousand dollars. No one can afford to be without some 
 life insurance. 
 
 A mutual life insurance company is not an organization 
 for profit, and no money is made by the company as dis- 
 tinguished from the policy-holders. Small sums are re- 
 ceived from a large number of people and invested in se- 
 curities prescribed by the statutes of the State where 
 the company is organized, and selected with the greatest 
 care by skilled and experienced financiers. No risks are 
 incurred and no losses of principal or interest realized 
 and, although the rate of interest may not be large, the 
 wonderful effect of compound interest year after year 
 is sure to give a fair profit to the policy-holders in the 
 aggregate, and may return a very large profit to the in- 
 dividual. 
 
 By commencing these deposits or payments of pre- 
 miums in a life insurance company early in life, the time 
 soon comes when the annual premium required to be paid 
 is comparatively small in proportion to the risk of death 
 occurring that year. Any one holding a policy of life in- 
 surance on which many premiums have been paid realizes 
 the value of his contract, which can be continued by the 
 payment of the small premium, and does not feel any re- 
 gret for the premiums which he has paid; or, if it is a 
 limited payment policy and the premiums are all paid, he 
 derives great satisfaction from his policy, which absolutely 
 secures the full face of it for his estate or family and will 
 never cost him anything more or give him any care or 
 anxiety; or if an endowment policy, he will himself re- 
 ceive the full amount in a few years. 
 
 Another reason why one should insure early is that 
 his health may fail or his family record become such 
 that he cannot procure insurance. 
 
 If one has not insured early in life, he will have to pay 
 a larger premium because the risk of death occurring each 
 year is greater, but he will not have to make so many pay- 
 ments and, at any age he will not pay a higher premium 
 than the value of the insurance, as the premiums at all 
 ages are based upon the same principles and are propor- 
 tionate to the risk assumed by the company. 
 
 The above statements and arguments are based upon 
 the supposition that the full premiums are paid and only 
 the face value of the policy returned and do not take into 
 consideration the surplus, which in every well managed 
 company has been and probably will be a very consider- 
 able sum. This surplus is applied to reducing the amount 
 or the number of the premiums or to increasing the amount 
 of the insurance or the endowment. Many of the policies 
 cf the Mutual Life have been doubled or even trebled by 
 the additions secured by the dividends. A life insurance 
 policy is a safe and desirable investment without any 
 return of surplus, but the dividends add materially to the 
 profit of the investment. 
 
86 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH. 
 
 rR many years the University ot Utah has been an 
 important (actor in the development of the State. 
 Sufficient evidence of this is found in the large 
 number of its graduates holding positions of honor and 
 responsibility throughout the commonwealth. 
 
 Although beginning with scarcely more than a nominal 
 existence and having to struggle for years against the most 
 discouraging difficulties, it now ranks among the best col- 
 legiate institutions of the West. It was established by law 
 in 1850 under a controlling Board of twelve Regents and a 
 Chancellor. Orson Spencer, A. M., whose culture and ability 
 made him a leading character in the early history of the 
 State, was its first Chancellor and for several years its 
 chief instructor. However, little educational work was 
 done until 1867, when David O. Calder was appointed Super- 
 visor of Instruction. Under his direction a number of com- 
 mercial courses were established and were being success- 
 
 or Arts and Sciences, the State School of Mines and the 
 State Normal School, and connected with It is a Preparatory 
 School. 
 
 In the School of Arts and Sciences the ancient and 
 modern languages, social and political sciences, history, 
 logic, ethics, literature, mathematics and astronomy are the 
 prominent features. All these subjects are presented to the 
 students in the most practical way and with a view to de- 
 velop the mind and to give that higher culture which char- 
 acterizes the true and refined gentleman and lady. In this 
 school the chief object is to afford a general culture and 
 give to the students a broad and liberal scholastic founda- 
 tion for future intellectual pursuits. 
 
 The School of Mines is an eminently practical school. 
 All subjects offered in its various courses bear directly on 
 the life's work for which the student is to be prepared. 
 
 The laboratories, the shops and the foundry are all 
 
 
 H I IIK IMN h KM M "I I I Ml 
 
 fully carried on when, In 1869, Dr. John R. Park waa elected 
 President Under his management High School, Normal 
 ami College Courses were soon established and facilities 
 offered for a fairly good liberal education. 
 
 Since the election of Dr. Park the Institution has come 
 up through varying degree* of prosperity until three years 
 ago, when It entered upon what promises to be a new era 
 In Its history. The most Important change connected with 
 this recent growth Is Its new location. The Institution now 
 occupies one of the most favorable sites for higher educa- 
 tion to be found In the United States. Its new modern 
 buildings, all erected since 1899, overlooking the Great Salt 
 Lake and the fruitful Salt l-ako Valley, with the lofty 
 Wasatch Mountains In the background, constitute an almost 
 Ideal home for educational work. 
 
 The University an now organized comprises the School 
 
 arranged according to the most modern Ideas, and In them 
 students have superior advantages In manual training. 
 
 The mechanical laboratory. In which gas and steam en- 
 gines are fitted up, Is an Important factor In the engineering 
 courses. Here valuable and practical experimental work 
 Is done by the students to familiarize thorn with the power 
 and use of engines. The carpenter shop, the machine and 
 the forging rooms, and the foundry, where students spend 
 several hours per week for two years, enable them to obtain 
 a fund of valuable and practical Information much needed 
 In their business career. The chemical. mltuTalogical and 
 assaying laboratories give an opportunity to students to do 
 practical work In lines especially Important to the mining 
 engineer. In the electrical laboratory and In that of gen- 
 'ral physics, such work Is given as will prepare the stu- 
 dents to manage an electrical plant and to occupy other 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 responsible positions requiring a good knowledge of prac- 
 tical electricity. 
 
 Salt Lake City is surrounded by gold, silver, lead and 
 copper mines, and the best concentration and reducing 
 plants and smelters, which give to the Utah State Mining 
 School advantages rarely if ever possessed in schools of 
 like character in other parts of the United States. These 
 advantages, with its fine equipments and men of ability 
 doing the work of instruction, make it one of the best insti- 
 tutions for thorough and practical courses in engineering. 
 
 The Normal School has grown to be one of the best in 
 
 the United States. Eminent educators from different parts 
 of this country and Canada have spoken of it as being 
 unsurpassed in some of its important features by any simi- 
 lar school on the continent. This school includes among 
 other courses domestic science and manual training, taught 
 in such a way as to qualify teachers of the grades for 
 introducing this line of educational work into the common 
 schools. The training department gives each Normal stu- 
 dent one year's practice in teaching under expert and 
 experienced teachers and supervisors. 
 
 THE LATTER-DAY SAINTS UNIVERSITY. 
 
 THE Latter Day Saints' University is the creation of 
 the people whose name it bears. It is recognized 
 and sustained by them as a worthy exponent of 
 their educational ideals and as an efficient promoter of the 
 welfare of their youth. The institution has hitherto been 
 known under the name and title of Latter Day Saints' Col- 
 lege. The change in name somewhat enlarges the func- 
 tions and adds to the influence of the institution without 
 interfering with its work or arresting its development. It 
 offers well-arranged High School, Normal. Business, Scien- 
 tific, Classical and Domestic Art courses of study, with only 
 
 This University is organized under the laws of the 
 State of Utah by articles of incorporation that define its 
 powers, prescribe its duties and indicate specifically its 
 sphere of operations. 
 
 Article IV declares that "the nature and objects of this 
 association shall be to found a university, with colleges, 
 academies, schools, institutes, museums, galleries of art, 
 libraries, laboratories, gymnasiums, and all proper acces- 
 sories, where instruction of the highest grade possible to 
 its resources shall be given to both sexes in science, litera- 
 ture, art, mechanical pursuits, and in the principles of the 
 
 BUSINESS COLLEGE OF THE LATTER-DAY SAINTS UNIVERSITY. 
 
 such higher or university work as its resources justify. 
 
 The mission of the institution is solely one of peace and 
 good will. Its general aim has been the same under each 
 of its several names, and consists simply in the intellectual, 
 moral and practical education of the youth of this com- 
 munity in those lines especially which are not fully pro- 
 vided for in the State system of education. As its motto, 
 "The Lord Is My Light," may indicate, moral and religious 
 instruction occupy a prominent place in its courses of 
 study. The work offered is open to all persons of good 
 moral character that are qualified to pursue any of the 
 studies given; and it is the intention to provide the best of 
 instruction in such lines of work as are undertaken. 
 
 Gospel as taught by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter 
 Day Saints. The chief aim and object of the institution 
 shall be to make its students and graduates worthy citi- 
 zens and true followers of Jesus Christ, by fitting them for 
 some useful pursuit, by strengthening in their minds a pure 
 attachment to the Constitution of the United States and to 
 our republican institutions, by teaching them the lessons 
 of purity, morality and upright conduct and by giving them, 
 as far as possible, an understanding of the plan of salva- 
 tion revealed by our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Nothing 
 that is contrary to the laws of the land shall ever be taught 
 in said institution." 
 
 This institution was organized in November, 1886, under 
 
88 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND KMPIKI 
 
 the name of the Salt Lake Academy, with Angus M. Cannon, 
 W. B. Dougall. A. E. Hyde, Spencer Clawson, Francis Cope, 
 Rodney C. Badger. William H. Rowe and William A. Ros- 
 alter as Trustees, and Professor Willard Done as Principal. 
 In 1888 Professor James E. Talmage was chosen Principal. 
 
 i 
 
 HAKKATI H M.I., I. A II I- K II \^ - \ I S I > T M \ I KM I Y . 
 
 On May IS, 1889, the name cf the institution was changed 
 to The Latter Day Saints' College, and the standard of 
 instruction was raised. In January, 1892, Professor Willard 
 Done succeeded Professor Talmage as Principal. On Octo- 
 ber 12, 1895, the Trustees changed the title of Principal to 
 that of President of the Faculty, a college course of four 
 years leading to the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy 
 (Ph. B.) was established, and the grade and character of 
 
 the work were further improved. The College became in- 
 volved in debt and in the spring of 1899 most of the teach- 
 ers engaged elsewhere. President Done resigned and in 
 July following Professor J. H. Paul was elected President. 
 The college was again opened in September, 1899, all depart- 
 ments being located in the Templeton Building. That 
 school year was the most favorable in the history of the 
 institution, and the registration of students reached a total 
 of five hundred. The quarters in the Templeton became 
 too small. The business department was then conducted 
 
 KIRT CHOOI. Hnl/M-. HI II. I \\ I M UK I 11 K M^MURI RIVKR, 
 KRECTKD BY IIKH.MAM Yol'M, IS IMK HMIh- 
 
 ia the Social Hall and all other departments opened in the 
 Lion House. The year was a prosperous one, notwithstand- 
 ing the unfavorable conditions. The registration of stu- 
 dents reached a total of five hundred and sixty-six, the 
 courses of study were strengthened, and the students more 
 stric tly classified. The last year, however, was more favor- 
 able than any of the former years. The enlarged faculty 
 of instruction and the more ample accommodations resulted 
 in the enrollment of more than a thousand students. The 
 enrollment during the present year is greater than that of 
 the year previous, and the institution has every prospect of 
 continued growth and increased usefulness. 
 
 ST. MARY'S ACADKMY. 
 
 WIIKN. in the early sixths, the Catholic Fathers 
 entered Salt Lake City and Utah, there was no 
 other religious denomination represented In this 
 State than the Mormon*." or letter-Day Saints. The 
 leader of that noble band of pioneers. Brlgham Young. 
 
 i in i H \ri i 
 
 welt. inn- 1 thi- f'niholic Fathers In a most hospitable man- 
 ner, and In addition to tenanting them suitable tracts of land 
 upon whir h t .T.-I i ih.-lr buildings, assisted them In many 
 ways to advance the cause which they r<> presented . The 
 
 altitude of the lenders of the "Mormon" Church toward the 
 Catholic brothers has since been equally as friendly, with 
 the result that there is a bond of sympathy and kindly feel- 
 Ing existing between the two organizations that time serves 
 I. in to Increase. It Is. therefore, especially appropriate 
 that In this work. Utah, The Inland Empire, special men- 
 tion should be made of the educational Institution which 
 has for over a quarter of a century stood for all that Is 
 most desirable In the way of an academy for young ladies. 
 
 St. Mary's Academy, condui teil under the direction of 
 the Sisters of the Holy Cross, has been established since 
 1875 as a hounlliiK ami day school for the education of 
 young girls. Its central location upon one of Salt Lake 
 City's choicest residential streets, the ample recreation 
 grounds surrounding the spacious buildings. Its well- 
 equipped class rooms anil excellent teachers are factors 
 which make for the school'* success and prove Influential 
 In determining parents as to the cholre of schools for their 
 daughter*. The object of the Academy Is to prepare young 
 ladles for any sphere of life to which they may be called: 
 to give a thorough knowledge of letters, science and art, 
 based upon a solid moral and Christian education. As a 
 true education consists In the harmonious development of 
 the moral. Intellectual and physical qualities, a system 
 which Ignores or neglects any of these elements of the 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 89 
 
 triple culture of the heart, mind and body must be radically 
 defective. The education given at St. Mary's is of the most 
 practical and comprehensive character. It is intended to 
 train the heart as well as the mind to form women who will 
 not only grace society with their accomplishments, but 
 honor and edify it by their virtues. How well they have 
 succeeded may best be judged by the high esteem in which 
 St. Mary's Academy is held. Some of the most accom- 
 plished ladies of the West today are graduates of this 
 justly celebrated institution of learning. 
 
 The classes are carefully graded from the primary 
 studies up to the work of the graduating year, the course 
 embracing all the branches of a liberal education. The 
 bodily well-being of the pupils is cared for by the oppor- 
 tunities for physical culture afforded by basket ball, tennis, 
 croquet, dancing and fencing and dumb bell exercise. The 
 English course is systematic and logical, a thorough ac- 
 quaintance with grammar being insisted upon. Next the 
 study of rhetoric and finally a study of the masterpieces of 
 our literature. Vocal music, both private lessons and in 
 the general class, is conducted under the direction of 
 teachers of acknowledged ability, while instruction is given 
 upon the piano, harp, violin and all the minor stringed 
 instruments. 
 
 In the art department special attention is given to the 
 foundation principles of drawing and shading upon which 
 is built a superstructure of color work in landscapes, studies 
 
 for the purpose for which they were erected. All parts 
 of the institution are heated by steam and lighted by both 
 gas and electricity, no fire being in any part of the Academy 
 building. The bathrooms are supplied with hot and cold 
 water, and adjoin the sleeping apartments. Special atten- 
 tion was paid in erecting the buildings to light, heat, ven- 
 
 A PRIVATE ROOM ST. MARY'S ACADEMY. 
 
 tilation, etc., this being especially noticeable in the halls, 
 dormitories and class rooms. Every precaution has been 
 taken to prevent fire or accident. 
 
 The Sisters at St. Mary's Academy are all graduates 
 
 ST. MARY'S ACADEMY, THE STUDIO AND MUSIC ROOM. 
 
 from lite, etc. Latin, French. German, elocution, sten- 
 ography, penmanship and typewriting are prominent feat- 
 ures of the course and in each branch and study competent 
 teachers have charge of the various classes. 
 
 The Academy buildings are built of brick with stone 
 trimmings. They are spacious and modern in every essen- 
 tial particular and are admirably adapted in every respect 
 
 from the well-known and justly famous St. Mary's Academy, 
 Notre Dame, Indiana, where they spent many years in 
 preparing themselves for their great work, the proper edu- 
 cation of youth. Salt Lake City is proud of the presence in 
 its midst of an educational institution conducted upon the 
 high order of St. Mary's Academy, and too much credit 
 cannot be paid the worthy Sisters in charge. 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 HOLY CROSS HOSPITAL. 
 
 AMONG the many evidences which are presented to 
 corroborate the statement that "Utah, The Inland 
 Empire," is an empire in Itself, none will more 
 strikingly illustrate the point that Salt Lake City is The 
 
 HOLY CROSS HOSPITAL. 
 A Urge Iddition il being completed on the We of the min builling. 
 
 City of the Saints than reference to its schools, churches 
 and hospitals. It Is with pride that the publishers call 
 
 attention to the Holy Cross Hospital, which has established 
 a reputation throughout this inter-mountain country as one 
 of the best equipped and most modern institutions of its 
 kind in the West. 
 
 The hospital was founded in 1876 by the Sisters of 
 the Holy Cross, of Notre Dame, Indiana, at the request 
 of Rev. Lawrence Scanlan, now Bishop of Salt Lake City. 
 The buildings, a half-tone engraving of which accompanies 
 this article, are most beautifully located on an imposing 
 site between Tenth and Eleventh East streets, on First 
 South street. The institution is one of the most completely 
 equipped hospitals in the West and has accommodations for 
 over 100 patients. All the private apartments and wards, 
 as well, are bright, cheerful and well ventilated, thus con- 
 tributing much to the comfort of the patients. Every 
 known sanitary appliance has been installed in the build- 
 ings, and nothing conducive to the well-being of its pa- 
 tients has been omitted. 
 
 The operating room is furnished with all the most ap- 
 proved appliances for quick and effective surgical work, 
 and the corps of physicians are among the most noted in 
 the State. The private rooms are models of convenience, 
 and nothing has been omitted that would add to the com- 
 fort and welfare of the patients. In fact, the excellent 
 reputation of the numerous Sisters hospitals throughout 
 the country is fully sustained by this most worthy institu- 
 tion. 
 
 F. PLATT COMPANY. 
 
 THE development of the business and commercial In- 
 terests from primitive methods to modern applica- 
 tion Is always interesting to the stranger and resi- 
 dent alike. One of the important features of our growth is 
 to be found In the F. Platt Company. Since the days of ox- 
 teams and slow transit in Utah there has been nothing like 
 leather. In those days the saddler with his awl had to patch 
 up broken thongs and mend and manufacture traces and 
 harness for the teams of the roysterlng stage coach. Today 
 hU avocation Is In equal demand when it comes to the mod- 
 ern trotting harness or the jockey's saddle. In this march of 
 progress the firm under discussion has always maintained 
 Its position In the front rank of the vanguard, and has at- 
 tained a well-deserved recognition In commercial circles. 
 The store and factory are situated at Nos. 147-149 State 
 Street, and are thoroughly metropolitan In appearance, the 
 stock being notable for the variety and excellence of the 
 goods. Here the lover of horseflesh may purchase the 
 finest set of harness that It Is possible to turn out of a 
 factory, saddles of alt descriptions are displayed before the 
 gaze of the visitors, ranging from the ordinary stock up 
 to the highest saddle of the best and finest workmanship. 
 The firm's motto. "Honest goods, sold without mis- 
 representation, and on their merits," has Ix-m the 
 policy of the company from the earliest days. Today their 
 i-v.-r increasing trade bears mute testimony that they have 
 kept their won). Thin lumlness Is now celebrating its 
 jubilee, for It was establliihe.l In 1852 by F. Platt. father 
 of the present proprietor, to be Incorporated under its 
 present name. Thin company makes specialty of stock 
 saddles, and a dozen men are kept busy In the factory turn- 
 Ing out wholesale and retail orders that come In by every 
 
 mail from all over this inter-mountain region. The senior 
 member of this firm, who. at the death of his father 17 years 
 ago took charge of the business, is F. B. Platt. How well 
 he has succeeded has been fully demonstrated by the con- 
 stantly Increasing demand for their goods. Mr. Platt is a 
 modest gentleman, a manufacturer of long experience, one 
 
 ALL H M I "U - i "I I n.l 
 An J4il(p ! bring rrrrtej poti the Wrtt that ill J.-uMr III tirr. 
 
 thoroughly posted on everything pertaining to his trade. 
 He Is a man of straightforward, honorable business meth- 
 ods, universally liked and respected, and a Mtaunrh. enthusi- 
 astic supporter of home enterprise. 
 
HOUSES 
 
 COULD a stranger to Utah take a hasty panoramic view 
 of the physical conformation of the Commonwealth, 
 he might well wonder that the maps of half a 
 century ago, showing this great mountain region to be a 
 desert, had been changed. So vast is the rugged and 
 barren landscape that only on closer view would the 
 comparatively inconsiderable fertile area be revealed to 
 break the monotony of the apparently limitless waste. 
 But, confined within the foothills, surrounded by high 
 
 they knew, for, whether they knew it or not, they were 
 laying, securely and deeply, the foundations of Greater 
 Utah. These limited areas of tillable earth reaching 
 tendril-like among the hills and hugging closely the wind- 
 ing streams, are the bases of supply that furnish the 
 sinews with which to attack the far greater sterile ex- 
 panse and wrest from it untold wealth. 
 
 Utah was aptly characterized by the late Colonel 
 Donan as a "mountain-walled treasury of the gods." Every 
 
 t'PPKR PART OK PARK CITY, BHOWING ONTARIO AND EMPIRE GULCHES. 
 
 mountains and following the wandering streams are the 
 "valleys of the mountains," places of refuge for the sturdy 
 Mormon pioneers and their descendants. In these valleys 
 were obtained the first means of scanty subsistence for the 
 daring tenants who, under conditions adverse and hazard- 
 ous, reclaimed the primitive soil, developed a system of 
 irrigation and established a diversity of rural pursuits, all 
 with such marked success as to win distinction among 
 the peoples of the earth. 
 
 It is but natural that these hospitable dwelling places, 
 "the valleys of the mountains," should be held in high 
 and fond regard and commemorated in sacred song by the 
 beneficiaries of their fertility. It may be that these 
 founders of a new empire of wealth builded better than 
 
 lange of hills and every mountain peak are mute but 
 impressive sentinels, standing everlasting guard over the 
 treasures hidden within them. Inside the boundaries of 
 the State is found nearer a complete representation of the 
 vocabularies of the mineralogist and the chemist than in 
 any other political or physical subdivision of mother earth. 
 Here are found the precious metals, gold and silver, repre- 
 senting imperishable wealth in concentrated form, mediums 
 ot exchange and the object and acme of all toil. Then 
 there are the baser metals of the more extended and com- 
 moner use, including iron, the king of industry, the measure 
 of the pulsations of trade; copper for which demand in- 
 creases with the more general application of electricity 
 to the uses of mankind; also lead and zinc, besides the 
 
9 2 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND JMI'IKK 
 
 rarer metals, the list of which is of constant growth, all 
 in sufficient quantities for profitable operation. 
 
 Well distributed for the purposes of economic produc- 
 tion are coal and lime in inexhaustible quantities and 
 so located that one can easily believe that the Great 
 Architect, of Nature had in mind the future working of 
 all these minerals when He designed and built up the 
 everlasting hills. Is there an iron deposit in a particular 
 section? Adjacent to It will be found the coal with which 
 to reduce it. Do we discover a refractory ore in one 
 
 oils and hydrocarbons for paints and waxes. Asphalt, 
 ozokerite, gilsonite. elaterite and an endless list of "ites" 
 yet unnamed and practically unknown. 
 
 This is not in part prospective nor imaginative. It is 
 not prediction but reality, for already Utah has become 
 the gathering place of organized capital in stupendous 
 amounts, and the future promises developments which 
 will far exceed the dreams of the theorists of a decade 
 ago. Already the Salt I.ake Valley has become one of the 
 greatest smelting points of the world. The attention of 
 
 Mill M K- I 
 
 MM M.I" MM i , I'M.* l'n\, I i MI 
 
 M< IK I --N...I ll-tll K Mill. Mil.. I II , I I Ml 
 
 totality? Within easy reach la found the mineral with 
 which In unlt<> It ami product- the results we are looking 
 for. 
 
 Distinct from what IB primarily known an mining, 
 an- vast deposits of biilldlnK rock: Kranlto and sandstone 
 In Immeasurable quant men; marble In wblteneM and 
 fineness of quality equaling the far-famed Carrara of Italy. 
 Chalcedony, onyx and other product* for ornamentation. 
 Salt In the lake* and mountains In quantity beyond the 
 of the finite mind. Cement-rook, kaolin. 
 
 urcat capitalists has been recently attracted, and now 
 
 ih. \ an- here, and are making It a place of business with 
 permanent character. Inxtrad of a place of occasional 
 ri-iHie/v.iiiK. The smoke of the furnaces of new workings 
 Is Mren.llni; In greater volume day by day and new plans. 
 tin nut. ome of great enterprise, are being constantly 
 formulated ami put Into execution. 
 
 Tli" money made In mining Is clean. It doe* not repre- 
 sent the midnight scheming of the usurer or the Interest 
 grabber. It has nothing to do with the extortion practiced 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 93 
 
 by the money broker. It is not taken from the laborer, 
 leaving his family to suffer, while others wax fat. It is 
 not the wage of piracy upon the homes of the poor. It 
 comes to us bright and pure, and is an addition to the 
 wealth of the world which benefits all and injures none. 
 It is the purity of deserved reward bestowed upon the 
 energy of intelligent effort. 
 
 The development of these varied industries means 
 much to the people of Utah. It is making of it a country 
 of export instead of import. It is making of its people 
 producers instead of consumers. It is reducing the chance 
 of dependence upon other communities to a minimum. 
 It is increasing the population by creating thousands ot 
 new homes, and hundreds of new enterprises. 
 
 But the output of the mines is the best measure of 
 their progress and present value. Last year the approxi- 
 mate production of the precious metals of this State was 
 $26,000,000. For the month of October, just closed, the 
 product was, in round numbers, $2,500,000, which means 
 an excess of $80,000 per day, created by the industry for 
 
 and have to their credit some three millions of dollars. 
 The Daly-West is now paying its stockholders $108,000 
 
 DALY No I, NEAR PARK CITY. 
 
 the local market. This work was accomplished by five 
 separate smelting plants at Murray and at Binghain Junc- 
 tion. To this list will be added soon a well-equipped 
 smelter at the Majestic properties in Beaver County, and 
 a copper smelter at the Dixie Mine near St. George, in 
 Washington County, both of which are well advanced In 
 construction. 
 
 In reviewing the localities of active production, the 
 camp of Park City, which last year produced 46 per cent 
 of the mineral wealth of Utah, stands at the head. Out of 
 150 mines in the United States which have paid dividends, 
 25, or about 16 per cent, are located in Utah. Of these 
 only four are at Park City, but they are permanently in 
 the list, and their aggregate contributions to the dividend 
 fund far exceeds the profits of all the others. First comes 
 the Ontario, with a record of nearly fifteen millions of 
 money, divided among its shareholders. The Silver King 
 has distributed nearly six millions of dollars to the 
 fortunate possessors of its stock. It is now paying $100,- 
 000 per month and completes the baker's dozen for the 
 year by an extra distribution of a like amount at Christmas. 
 The Daly-West and the Quincy, the latter having been 
 absorbed by the former, are the remaining profit payers, 
 
 STOPIXfi OX THE 900 FOOT LEVEL OF THE DALY-WEST. 
 
 net per month from a monthly production of 
 $200,000, which enables the laying up of a 
 large surplus, with indications of an imita- 
 tion of the Silver King in relation to an extra 
 dividend about Christmas time. 
 
 More attention is being given to this camp 
 than to any other one in the State. Within 
 the last year there have been a number of 
 organizations formed for the purpose of de- 
 veloping large groupings of wonderfully 
 promising worth. Further steps of a similar 
 nature are under consideration. A large 
 amount of development work, mill building 
 and the instalment of expensive machinery 
 is being vigorously prosecuted throughout 
 the camp, and among the promoters are 
 many of the men who have played a prom- 
 inent part in giving Utah a place in the mine 
 producing list. The product of this camp is 
 chiefly silver and lead, with uniformly fair 
 values in gold and an occasional appearance 
 of copper. Recently, however, strikes have 
 been made in the bonanza neighborhood dis- 
 closing values in gold close to two thousand 
 
 ORK CHUTE.-. THE [>AI.Y-\\ KM . 
 
 dollars to the ton. From present indications Park City 
 seems destined to hold first place as a leading producer, 
 unless something phenomenal should occur elsewhere. 
 
94 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 Bingham is second in point of production, and Is the 
 oldest camp In the State. On the theories of modern min- 
 ing, large enterprises have been launched and great 
 
 large scale and the field is well occupied. The ore bodies, 
 carrying silver and lead, and found at or near the surface 
 
 BULLION-BECK MINE. DIVIDENDS *l>oo.oo3.oo 
 
 amounts of capital have been invested. The theories of 
 experts have been proven and the conclusions of science 
 have been victoriously conflrmed. Bingham is distinc- 
 
 BULLION-BICK MILL. < M'Ai I I V loo TONS. 
 
 lively a rump of x-rnarkahly large bodies of ore, carrying 
 
 moderate valn.'H ami found at great depth. On that 
 
 MI the camp Is a Held for organised capital on 
 
 A POOR PLACE FOR AUTOMOBILES. 
 
 years ago, have Increased in size as depth has been 
 attained, and now copper ores carrying good values in gold 
 predominate. In addition to the wealth it is creating, 
 Bingham is playing an additional important part by at- 
 tracting heavy Eastern investors who have, for a half 
 century, been wedded to the copper properties of the 
 Lake Superior region. As the chief corporations operating 
 in this section are what are known as "close corpora- 
 tions," the details of their operations and their receipts 
 are not divulged, yet there is a well-grounded rumor that 
 the ores in the lower levels carry a sufficient amount of 
 gold to enable them to produce copper at a profit should 
 the price of the red metal decline to the very low figure 
 of four cents per pound. This rumor is substantiated by 
 continued and increased efforts in every copper-bearing 
 property in the camp, regardless of the unpleasant and 
 steady decline in the price of that metal. 
 
 Among the companies with large holdings in Bingham, 
 three have Independent smelters for reducing the output 
 of their own mines. The Utah Consolidated, better known 
 as the Highland Boy. has a smelter at 
 Murray, from which five cars of pig cop- 
 per Is sent weekly to the Eastern refiner- 
 ies. The Bingham Copper and Gold, with 
 Its close ally, the Bingham Consolidated, 
 and other allied interests In the camp, 
 owns and operates its own smelters at 
 Bingham Junction, with an output ap- 
 proaching that of the Highland Boy. The 
 United States Company, controlling the 
 Centcnnial-Eureka, at Tlntlc. and numer- 
 ous Bingham holdings, has Just complet- 
 ed a well-arranged and thoroughly equip 
 ped smelter, with all modern appllancca 
 for economic operation at Bingham June 
 tlon at a coat of about |1,000.000. This 
 latest enterprise not only adds to the 
 produetn of tin* camp, but will materially 
 well the total output of tin- Stale The 
 Boston-Consolidated has conducted a long 
 and persistent campaign of development 
 on an extremely large scale, and while 
 Inn meager reports of the showing are 
 made public. It In generally known that a 
 period of production will soon commoner which will equal. 
 If not surpass, the performance of Its Illustrious neighbors. 
 Numerous other properties of equal worth In perspective 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 95 
 
 are also being developed under well-arranged combinations 
 of capital directed by competent mining engineers. 
 
 Bingham seems to be the Mecca for Eastern investors. 
 
 Aside from properties of the character mentioned, there 
 are many lesser lights awaiting the action of the enthusi- 
 astic promoter in arranging an attractive display for men 
 of means. The working population of Bingham is mate- 
 rially benefited by a good contingent of small operators 
 who carry on a profitable system of leasing, and whose 
 products add considerably to the total output and income 
 of the camp. 
 
 - THE WABASH MINE IN THE PARK CITY ^DISTRICT. 
 
 With conditions favoring mining on a large scale, it 
 meets the modern demand for centralization. With large 
 
 THE CACTUS MINE, BEAVER COUNTY, UTAH. 
 
 areas and proved values at great depth, it presents favor- 
 able opportunities for those who desire to win fame as 
 well as wealth by the magnitude of their operations. 
 
 PULLMAN AND LUCKY' BILL SHAFTS OF THE DALY-WEST. 
 
 The Tintic mining district around Eureka in Juab 
 County, is one of the best known and most resourceful 
 mining camps in the State. It is the home of a number of 
 dividend-paying mines, whose ores are rich in the precious 
 metals. It is favorably located and has the advantage of 
 excellent railroad and smelter facilities. Eastern capital 
 has invested large amounts in this favored camp, and its 
 stocks meet a ready demand. The mines send a 
 continuous output to the smelt- 
 ers, carrying copper, lead, silver 
 and gold. Some of its mines are 
 operated on a large scale, but as 
 compared with Bingham and 
 Park City, it is a camp of small- 
 er properties. It is also distin- 
 guished by an abundance of si- 
 licious ores which are much 
 sought after by smelter men. On 
 this account it plays an impor- 
 tant part in contributing to the 
 smelter industry, as that class of 
 ores is greatly desired for flux- 
 ing purposes. Among the larger 
 producers is the Gemini, a close 
 corporation, which in October 
 handed out a handsome dividend 
 of $100,000, making a total of 
 $850,000 of such payments. The 
 Grand Central and the Mammoth 
 are prominent neighboring prop- 
 erties with great earning capa- 
 city, and have produced won- 
 derfully rich ore, but on ac- 
 count of long drawn out and 
 bitterly contested litigation 
 they have ceased to pay 
 
 dividends. Their combined dividends paid prior to the 
 beginning of legal troubles aggregate over two million and 
 a half dollars. The Centennial-Eureka has disbursed to 
 
9 6 
 
 I TAH THK INLAND KMFIRK 
 
 Its owners $2,667,700. With recent strikes of great 
 promise and the movement of its ores to the new 
 smelter of the United States Company, a resumption of 
 profit disbursements will take place. Among the other 
 
 with every indication of ultimate success. An important 
 feature in connection with this region has developed within 
 recent months in the way of a reduction of freight and 
 smelter charges on its ores. By a fortunate arrangement 
 
 EUREKA, ONE OF UTAH'S PROSPEROUS CAMPS. 
 
 properties of note in this camp, and which have handed 
 out profits to their shareholders are the Bullion-Beck, with 
 $2.500,000 to Its credit, the Swansea, with over $300,000; 
 
 between the railroad operators and smelter men, the 
 mine operators giving willing encouragement, a system of 
 concessions were Inaugurated by which the vast amount 
 of ore is being transported and turned into 
 money. The benefits from this adjustment 
 have been many. The smelters are being 
 provided with greatly desired ores, while 
 the mines, which were congested with low- 
 craile stuff, are being cleaned out. which 
 facilitates their operation, gives profit in 
 place of losses and, In some instan< M, h:i\ 
 been productive of strikes which would not 
 have otherwise been made. More men are 
 employed In both the mines and on the 
 niiirnails. and the revenues have been In- 
 creased to all the parties In Interest. All 
 this occurred as the result of the well<li 
 rected efforts (if CIM>! heads by an equitable 
 participation In tin- mini, ni the and take 
 Stockton Is another history-maker, and 
 from It. y<>ars ago. good values In load and 
 sometimes phenomenal values In silver were 
 obtained In large quantities. In recent years 
 however, the output has been considerably 
 minimized. The camp, however. Is not an 
 Idle one It Is distinctively a pi;i 
 
 HO*TH AMD IOUTH WANIA, NIAft iltV * CITV. UTAH. deep m | n | nK an(1 we || directed efforts 
 
 the South Swansea, with nearly $200.000. Then there on a Urge scale are being applied to many of Its proper- 
 are the Yankee-Consolidated, the Uncle Sam, the Carisa tie*. The Honerlne Is especially deserving of mention, 
 and the May-Day. Many other properties are being worked Of the values obtained from this property and the still 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 97 
 
 greater ones yet in its workings, there is no doubt. The 
 ore bodies remaining consist of a series of five ore chutes 
 of great dimensions that are now under water. Unsuccess- 
 ful and expensive efforts have heretofore been made to 
 drain the property by pumps. At present 
 a drain tunnel over a mile and a half in 
 length is being run at the remarkable rate 
 of twenty feet per day. This tunnel will tap 
 the ore bodies and drain, not only the mine, 
 but many neighboring properties, in Febru- 
 ary next. This being done, a tremendous 
 output of ore will begin and continue for 
 an indefinite time. The other properties will 
 be equally relieved, and a campaign of de- 
 velopment and shipment, for which prepa- 
 rations are being generally and actively made 
 will then follow, and Stockton will be again 
 entitled to a prominent place among the 
 great mining camps of Utah. Numerous 
 other properties in this locality are being 
 worked with every indication of a success- 
 ful issue. 
 
 Further to the south is the Ophir Hill 
 Mine, provided with a mill from which a 
 large amount of concentrates is continually 
 being sent. This is a close corporation, and 
 but little of detail is divulged. It is re- 
 ported that the property is an unusually 
 good one, and this report is actually verified by substantial 
 shipments. 
 
 In the West Mountain mining district west of Bingham, 
 
 with a confidence characteristic of the business. 
 Then there is the great Deep Creek country, contain- 
 ing numerous mining districts and still more numerous 
 mines and prospects. This district is badly handicapped 
 
 HIGHLAND BOY MINE, BINGHAM CANYON, UTAH. 
 
 by the absence of railways, and many meritorious proper- 
 ties are being held with the hope that improved transpor- 
 tation facilities will some day be furnished. The Utah 
 
 THE HORN-SILVER MINE AND MILL, FRISCO, UTAH. DIVIDENDS J5,)4l,ooo.oo. 
 
 in Tooele County, is situate the old Mona, and many other 
 likely properties that are being worked with greater or less 
 activity by their respective promoters, who are imbued 
 
 Mine, at Fish Springs, in the western portion of Juab 
 County, is an exception to the enforced rule of idleness 
 which prevails in that section. From it shipments are 
 
9 8 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 regularly made, and dividends are being paid monthly. 
 This plucky little giant, confronted with a haul by wagon 
 of some eighty miles across the desert, has distributed 
 over $200,000 to its shareholders. The product is galena, 
 carrying sometimes startlingly high values In silver, and 
 
 YANKEE CONSOLIDATED, SHOWING TUNNEL HOUSE. 
 
 recent reports indicate that its best days are yet to come. 
 
 Scattered through this region it is believed there are 
 many duplicates to the Utah which will in days to come 
 richly reward their patient and plucky owners. 
 
 A new candidate for especial honors is Beaver County, 
 the home of the famous Horn Silver, which stands well 
 at the head of the bread-winning list, with 
 disbursements aggregating over five millions 
 of dollars, and which still continues ship- 
 ments. This section about Frisco and Mil- 
 ford has been brought into new prominence 
 by the recent and unparalleled performance 
 of the O. K. Mine near the latter place, and 
 which Is owned by the Majestic Company. 
 This Is a copper proposition, and it has 
 broken the well-known rules of copper pro- 
 duction by furnishing large quantities of the 
 red metal at a depth of only 200 feet. Two 
 shipments In particular, approximating a 
 dozen cars each, and carrying upwards of 
 40 per cent, copper, about $5 In gold and fair 
 values tn silver, being a revelation to min- 
 ing circles. Report has followed report con- 
 cerning this property, with cumulative evi- 
 dence as to its worth. Its reputation baa 
 made the locality an attraction for men of 
 means and the most skilled talent In the 
 mining world, with the result that the differ- 
 ent ramps have among their Investors and 
 backers a combination of wealth and expe- 
 ri. !!.-, that speaks derisively for IU great 
 and continued development. 
 
 Among the neighboring properties under management* 
 that an> making unusual efforts In the way of development 
 are the Imperial, the Royal, the Bluebird, the Beaver- 
 Cnnnolldated and many others, which are further stimu- 
 lated by the prospects of a savin* on freight In having 
 their ores treated by the Majestic Company's smelter, now 
 being erected. 
 
 The production of gold in Utah is increasing. While 
 the change In price of other metals may bring discourage- 
 ments, the value of gold is fixed, and its accumulation is 
 therefore the highest ambition of mining men. While this 
 has never been a placer country, yet with 
 the Improved methods for this mode of ex- 
 traction, the impetus of gold-seekers In- 
 creases, and the output of the yellow metal 
 Is becoming a constantly growing fixture In 
 the State. 
 
 Mercur is really the pioneer gold camp of 
 the State. Here was inaugurated the cyan- 
 ide process.and the same management which 
 first adopted its use is now operating the 
 Consolldated-Mercur mines, and pays regular 
 dividends of $30,000 per month. The Sacra- 
 mento, near by, while abandoning dividends 
 for a time, is in active operation, and greatly 
 encouraged by prospects from a rich strike 
 of cinnabar recently made. 
 
 The Annie Laurie, in the Gold Mountain 
 country, another gold producer, has made 
 wonderful progress during the last two 
 years, and made its first distribution in Oc- 
 tober of $20,000, which amount will probably 
 soon be increased. Near by are the Wedge, 
 Golden Rule. Dalton and the Holland, all fol- 
 lowers of the cyanide plan, and all being 
 looked upon as coming mines; and such are 
 for the most part undergoing active development. 
 
 Away to the northwest, In Box Elder County, near 
 the Idaho line, is the Park Valley country, made famous 
 by the Century, which, after many vicissitudes, is now 
 producing from $8.000 to $10,000 in gold per month. It 
 has been eagerly watched by a multitude of claim holders 
 
 AN M l( I Kit DPill 1 IN OPERATION IN THE YANKEE MINE. 
 
 In that district, and Indications all point to a large area 
 which will be productive of gold In paying. If not In high 
 values. 
 
 Tli'-n at State Line, in Iron County, the Ophlr. while 
 originally a silver property. Is now yielding ore> In which 
 gold predominates. 
 
 There are many other district*, localities and groups 
 scattered throughout the State of more or less note and 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 99 
 
 worth. In fact, no part of Utah can be said to be barren 
 of the precious metals. The country has yet scarcely been 
 scratched by the prospector, while to the operator it is 
 mostly virgin ground. Modern mining has been reduced 
 to an exact science, and is not only a legitimate, but a 
 certain and successful industry. Utah is essentially a 
 country of mining which requires large combinations of 
 capital. The first failure is yet to be scored where 
 abundant financial backing has been directed by experience 
 gained in nature's school of mines. The State is an invit- 
 ing field to the investor. Its mineral products are rapidly 
 increasing and a true forecast of the industry's future 
 would doubtless be looked upon as an exaggeration, as 
 much as would have a prediction of conditions existing 
 today, had it been made ten years ago. 
 
 There are numerous other minerals in Utah, the 
 
 lies over another in various thicknesses. Here are found 
 a fair quality of anthracite and coking coal with anneal- 
 ing qualities equal to the best production of Pennsylvania 
 and West Virginia. 
 
 But if Utah excels in the quality and quantity of any 
 one metal found within its borders, that one metal is iron. 
 The area of the higher grade ore, while large, is confined 
 to three localities, Iron Mountain, Iron Springs and Desert 
 Mountain, all in Iron County. The outcroppings of this 
 metal in that region are said to cover an area approximat- 
 ing seven thousand acres, with a thickness beyond belief, 
 and an estimated capacity approaching a billion tons. They 
 extend about the base of the mountain and, reaching back 
 under the desert, rest on a granite formation, and are cov- 
 ered with limestone, upon which is deposited the sands of 
 the surface. These deposits have been the object of the 
 
 SALT LAKE AND MERCUR RAILROAD. 
 
 production of which is closely allied to many industries, 
 and to speak of all of them intelligently would require 
 a book of itself. 
 
 As to the presence of oil in Utah there can be no 
 doubt, but as yet the efforts to obtain it in commercial 
 quantities have been attended with indifferent results. 
 A number of companies, however, are now drilling with 
 indications of success. Hydrocarbons for pavement mak- 
 ing, paints, waxes and other uses that make up a growing 
 list, are being mined at Soldier Summit and north of Price, 
 and shipped to the Eastern market. Experiments with 
 favorable results have been made in extracting hydro- 
 carbons from the enormous shale beds found in Utah, 
 Wasatch, Juab and San Pete Counties, and lubricants, 
 paint oils and parafflne are promised from that source. 
 
 Utah is supplied with coal for meeting the demand 
 for ages to come. It occurs in Iron County in liberal 
 quantities, and in the counties of Carbon and Emery its 
 extent can be measured by townships where one stratum 
 
 investigation of capitalists for many years, and a few 
 months ago the combined area was purchased by an East- 
 ern syndicate whose exact connections are not known. 
 The deal was consummated by P. L. Kimberly and Frank 
 Buhl, and that the purchase was for business purposes 
 is attested by the enormous price paid; the sum of two 
 and one-quarter million dollars. 
 
 In speaking of this locality, after the deal was closed, 
 John T. Jones, a veteran iron operator from Iron Mountain, 
 Michigan, and upon whose report the purchase was made, 
 predicted that within ten years Utah would be the banner 
 iron-producing State of the Union. In 1893 Mr. Jones read 
 a paper before the American Institute of Mining Engineers 
 at Montreal, Canada, and predicted that within ten years 
 from that time the State of Minnesota, then with an out- 
 put of less than 1,000,000 tons per year, would produce 
 10,000,000 tons annually. During the present year, or nine 
 years after the prediction was made, Minnesota will pro- 
 duce over 12,000,000 tons of iron. Mr. Jones says he is 
 
100 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK 
 
 equally as confident as to the accuracy of his estimate of 
 Utah's future as he was of Minnesota's future ten years 
 ago. Since this purchase was completed the deposits have 
 been explored by tunnels, drifts and drills operated by 
 a small army of men, and it is now believed that the 
 development of this deposit, and the founding of the 
 greatest Industry yet known to Utah will soon begin. 
 Authentic reports state that the present owners are prepar- 
 ing to, and will expend the vast sum of $30,000,000 in 
 building railroads, erecting furnaces and furnishing equip- 
 ment with which to work the property and to produce 
 every manner of product known to that complex and 
 gigantic industry. 
 
 Salt Lake City is not only the center of the industries 
 within Utah, of which it is the capital city, but of those 
 situated over a good part of the States of Nevada and 
 Idaho. Whatever may be the results, no matter how large, 
 of the development of all these mighty industries of 
 mining In every form, she is bound to be the chief bene- 
 ficiary. Already the city is famous. Attracted by the 
 
 multifarious advantages she possesses, the capitalist is 
 seeking Salt Lake as his home and the place is becoming 
 noted for Its many fine homes and mansions. Denver has 
 been long considered the leader of all Western cities in 
 this respect, but the crown is passing from her keeping. 
 Utah's capital has advantages which the great city of 
 Colorado can never hope to attain. With the great 
 mountains at her back she sits a queen of the hills on a 
 throne of verdure, while at her feet dash the waves of 
 the great inland sea of America. The rising sun lights 
 up her domes and minarets with glory, while his good- 
 night rays bathe all her nooks with a celestial radiance. 
 With her days of continued brightness and her atmosphere 
 of ever continued health, she offers advantages which no 
 other city in all this broad land possesses. Into the varied 
 channels of her commercial life the never-ending and 
 constantly increasing tribute of the mines is poured, and 
 day by day, year by year, she grows in wealth, in beauty 
 and in all those things which move to the making of a 
 perfect American metropolis. 
 
 DIVIDENDS PAID BY UTAH MINES. 
 
 NAME OF MINE 
 
 LOCATION OF MINE 
 
 PAIII IN 1900 
 
 PAID IN 1901 
 
 Ti"TAL PAIII in 
 
 DATK 
 
 AJax 
 
 Tintic District . 
 
 $ 
 
 | 
 
 9 1 000000 
 
 Bullion Beck 
 
 Tintic District 
 
 
 
 2,428 400 
 
 Centennial Eureka 
 
 Tintic District 
 
 257,500 
 
 200,000 
 
 2 597 700 
 
 Consolidated Mercur 
 
 Mercur (Camp Floyd) 
 
 110000 
 
 375,000 
 
 485.000 
 
 Carlsa . 
 
 Tintic District 
 
 
 30,000 
 
 30,000 
 
 Chloride Point 
 
 
 
 
 5 000 
 
 Crescent 
 
 Park City 
 
 
 
 280.000 
 
 Daly -West 
 
 Park City 
 
 487.500 
 
 547.500 
 
 1,155,000 
 
 Dalton and l.arK 
 
 
 
 262.500 
 
 350,000 
 
 Daly 
 
 Park City 
 
 
 
 2.925,000 
 
 Eureka Hill 
 
 Tintic District 
 
 
 
 1,850.000 
 
 ifalrna . ... 
 
 Fish Springs 
 
 
 
 71 000 
 
 Gemenl 
 
 Tintic District 
 
 10, 
 
 
 950000 
 
 Gpy per- Marion 
 
 Bingham 
 
 
 
 96 000 
 
 Grand Central 
 
 Tintic District 
 
 25.000 
 
 
 533 500 
 
 Horn Silver 
 
 Frisco District 
 
 20,000 
 
 32.000 
 
 5 312 000 
 
 Mammoth 
 
 Tintic District 
 
 200,000 
 
 100,000 
 
 1 870 000 
 
 Mercur. . . .... 
 
 Mercur (Camp Floyd) 
 
 115,000 
 
 
 1 483 000 
 
 May Day 
 
 Tintic District 
 
 
 18.000 
 
 18 000 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Park City 
 
 90.000 
 
 74.000 
 
 13 737 600 
 
 Petro 
 
 Bingham 
 
 
 
 BO ooo 
 
 Oulncv 
 
 Park City 
 
 
 725.000 
 
 726 000 
 
 Silver King 
 
 Park City 
 
 1.000.000 
 
 1.275,000 
 
 4 725 000 
 
 Silver Shield 
 
 Park City 
 
 1 500 
 
 3.000 
 
 1 "iiid 
 
 Sacramento . . . . 
 
 MiTcur (Camp Floyd) 
 
 
 15.000 
 
 116 000 
 
 South Swansea . 
 
 Tintic District 
 
 
 7.500 
 
 170000 
 
 Swansea .... 
 
 Tintic District 
 
 70.000 
 
 29,000 
 
 301 500 
 
 Utah. 
 
 Fish Springs 
 
 
 12.000 
 
 192 800 
 
 Uncle Sam Connolldatcd 
 
 Tintic District 
 
 
 45000 
 
 46000 
 
 Utah Consolidated 
 
 Blngham 
 
 
 .;:: 
 
 63000 
 
 Utah Consolidated (Highland Boy) 
 
 KliiKham. . 
 
 
 732000 
 
 731.000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 $ : i-jx | 
 
 } 1 :, ir, | 
 
 
 In'ToaM for 1901 
 
 
 
 2.171.000 
 
 $ 4 4. 200.900 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Note The dividends for 1902 are not accessible at this time In their entirety owing to the fact that some of 
 them are not dwlarod until late In Doootnber. Indications, however, point to a substantial Increase over last year's 
 figure*. 
 
A GROUP OF UTAH MINES. 
 
 GRAND CENTRAL MINE. 
 
 SACREMENTO HOISTING WORKS, MRRCUK. 
 
 TVPICAL UTAH MINE. 
 
 CRESCENT MINE, PARLEY'S PARK, UTAH. 
 GEYSER-MARION, MERCUR. 
 FOUR ACE MINE, SILVER CITY. 
 
1O2 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND KM PI RE 
 
 SALT LAKE AND MERCUR RAILROAD. 
 
 FEW MINING CAMPS in America are better equipped 
 with transportation facilities than Mercur, the mar- 
 vellous gold camp of Utah, and nothing could reflect 
 the greatness of "the Johannesburg of America" better than 
 Its superior railroad connections. This is to such an extent 
 
 JOSEPH c. JACOBS 
 
 true that It has become a maxim In mining circles that where 
 capital seeks investment in railroads there must be certainty 
 rather than speculation. In the latter sixties and for many 
 years thereafter the district had been thoroughly prospected 
 and worked for silver. Among those who 
 operated In the district In the early days 
 were the late Senator George C. Hearst of 
 California and the late Marcus Daly, the 
 Kri-at copper king of Montana. The district 
 died at the time of the great silver slump 
 and wan resurrected by the discovery of 
 gold and the Invention of a process that 
 made It profitable to work. But even with 
 the deposits of gold In the ramp It could 
 not have been the great camp of today with- 
 out the transportation facilities which It now 
 enjoys, and for that reason the agency which 
 has affected this Intimacy of relation be- 
 tween the mining Industry of Mercur and 
 the great outer world must be recognized as 
 a vital element In the unrivaled development 
 and pri)H|><>rlly of Utah's wonder camp. That 
 aK'-nry has been In the major portion one 
 man. and the name of that man will be rec- 
 ognized In the title of this article. In which 
 will be briefly told the story of his eventful 
 career. 
 
 Joseph G. Jacobs waa born on a farm In 
 Clark County, Ohio, fifty years ago. He was 
 raised In the farming region* of Ohio until he engag'''! in 
 business upon his own account In Springfield, Ohio. Bust- 
 nw perception and executive ability were his heritage, and 
 
 these had been supplemented by an education which fitted 
 him for the creation, control and expansion of extensive 
 interests. Accordingly we find him engaged in contracting 
 and sub-contracting on railroad work in various parts of 
 the West. He was an experienced railroad builder before 
 he came to Utah in the early '90s, where he at once identi- 
 fied himself with the best interests of his adopted State. One 
 of his first enterprises was the building of the West Side 
 (City and Suburban) Railroad, a road which was of incalcu- 
 lable benefit in the upbuilding of the suburbs along its line. 
 The road prospered until the financial depression of 1893, 
 when along with practically every other enterprise it 
 suffered from the effects of the unsettled conditions then 
 existent. The road has been kept constantly in operation, 
 however, and is now enjoying a good traffic. Mr. Jacobs 
 after completing the West Side road looked about for an 
 opportunity to build a road which hard times would not 
 affect. The thriving little mining camp of Mercur was 
 practically isolated, all supplies and ores being hauled by 
 team, an expensive and slow method of handling such quan- 
 tities of freight as were daily required for the mines. Mr. 
 Jacobs carefully examined the district and speculated upon 
 Its possibilities. He then made valuable ore hauling con- 
 tracts and soon had the road under course of construction 
 and completed. 
 
 The road is fourteen miles in length, and connects 
 with the Oregon Short I.ine at Fairfield, Utah. Mercur. one 
 of the greatest gold camps in the world, is the other termi- 
 nus. The road Is a series of "cuts" and "fills" and reverse 
 i urves from start to finish. In the short distance of nine miles 
 the road makes an ascent of 1,986 feet. Despite 
 all the scenic attractions and the constant squirm- 
 ing and winding of the road, it has been pronounced by 
 experts to be one of the safest and best managed in the 
 country, and it is a noteworthy fact that notwithstanding 
 that thousands of passengers and thousands of carloads of 
 freight are annually hauled, there has never been an accl- 
 
 mCl K. L'TAH'5 I.KIAT CJOI.IJ CAMP. 
 
 i'-ni that could be attributed to mismanagement. This Is 
 a wonderful n-cord for a road that has more curves to It 
 than a corkscrew and one that In operated during all 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 103 
 
 seasons of the year. Mr. Jacobs is the Vice-President, 
 General Manager and owner of this remarkable railroad, 
 which has been on a dividend paying basis almost from the 
 start, and is now one of the best paying propositions in the 
 West. 
 
 During the year 1900 Mr. Jacobs built a short line at 
 Bingham, Utah, connecting with the Rio Grande Western 
 Railway. The line is known as the Copper Belt Railroad. 
 
 cent, and some 40-degree curves. It is operated with Shay 
 engines, and 150 tons of ore are handled in one trainload. 
 Mr. Jacobs operated the line successfully until 1901, when 
 it was purchased by the Bingham Copper and Gold Mining 
 Company. 
 
 Mr. Jacobs' interests, while largely concentered in the 
 various railroads which he has built and managed, are by 
 no means confined to these limits. His liberal investments 
 
 THE SALT LAKE AND MERCUR RAILROAD. 
 
 and was built for the purpose of hauling ore rrom the high 
 mountains upon which the great camp of Bingham is situ- 
 ated to the terminus of the Rio Grande road in the canyon 
 below. In an engineering way the Copper Belt road even 
 surpassed the feats accomplished on the Salt Lake and 
 Mercur line. The road has a maximum grade of 7.4 per 
 
 have contributed to the growth and development of the 
 entire Commonwealth. Coming to Utah twelve years ago, 
 he demonstrated the value of energy, foresight and pluck 
 in building a railroad that has proven of great value to the 
 city, and when Mercur presented its opportunity, by build- 
 ing and operating the Salt Lake and Mercur Railroad 
 
 THE DALY-JUDGE MINE. 
 
 AMONG Utah mines, and especially those of the 
 Park City district, none are attracting more attention 
 at the present time than the Daly-Judge. If there is any 
 advantage in good location and the history of mining has 
 demonstrated beyond a doubt that there is the prac- 
 tically undeveloped properties in the vicinity of such mines 
 as the Ontario, Daly, Daly-West and Quincy should have 
 a great future. Such a property is the Daly-Judge, adjoin- 
 ing the Daly-West, and whose surface covers the veins of 
 all these great mines. 
 
 The Daly-Judge Company was incorporated November, 
 1901, under the laws of New Jersey, with John J. Daly, 
 President; O. J. Salisbury, Vice-President; Dr. Allan 
 Fowler, Treasurer, and George W. Lambourne, Secretary. 
 The company owned 265 acres of patented ground situated 
 south of the Anchor property (which is now a portion of 
 the Daly-Judge Company's holdings) and comprising 
 twenty-six patented claims. The property was undeveloped, 
 
 but from surface indications and the trend of the veins as 
 they passed through the adjoining territory it was acknowl- 
 edged to be a most valuable piece of property. 
 
 The principal owners of the Daly-Judge Company 
 early opened negotiations with the Anchor management 
 for the consolidation of that company's interests with 
 their own recently formed company, and in April, 1902, were 
 successful in bringing the matter to an issue, with the 
 result that a mining deal involving a cash outlay of more 
 than $750,000, and including the transfer of the Anchor 
 Mining Company's possessions and a one-fourth interest 
 in the Daly-Judge Company's territory, was consummated. 
 The vastness of the property which is thus embraced in 
 the holdings of the Daly-Judge Company can best be com- 
 prehended when it is known that it covers an area as 
 great as the holdings of the famous Ontario, Daly, Daly- 
 West and Quincy Companies combined. It comprises more 
 than 100 patented claims and stretches out for nearly three 
 
IO4 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 miles along the strike of the great ledges opened and be- 
 ing mined in the properties of the companies mentioned. 
 
 In acquiring the interests of the Anchor Mining Com- 
 pany the Daly-Judge made a master stroke. The Anchor 
 Mining Company was incorporated in 1885 with 150.000 
 shares of stock at the par value of $10 each. The claims 
 held by the company comprised some 95 in number and 
 covered an area of 950 acres, all covered by United States 
 patents. It also Included mill sites, water and timber land 
 and Park City real estate. The mine had been well devel- 
 oped, five years having been spent in exploring the property 
 before the extraction of ore commenced, since which time 
 it has produced upwards of $2.500,000. 
 
 The main working shaft of the company has been sunk 
 
 prospecting done, while the North Vein has never been 
 prospected farther than by one cross drift passing through 
 it at a point on the tunnel level 1,200 feet below the surface, 
 and at that place it showed strong. The South Vein is a 
 well-defined fissure from which several thousand tons of 
 ore have been taken from the very small space in which it 
 has been worked. The ore bodies wherever found usually 
 prove very large and continuous. One ore chute found in 
 this property has been followed over 3,000 feet in this and 
 an adjoining mine, with both faces still in ore, giving every 
 evidence of continued productiveness for great distances 
 farther. 
 
 The surface improvements are modern in every par- 
 ticular, and photographs of the principal buildings and the 
 
 VIKWS OF THE DALV-JfOCiE. 
 
 to a depth of 1.650 feet. It Is a three-compartment shaft 
 ami In equipped with double deck cages of the latest pat- 
 tern. The major portion of the development work has 
 been done on the 1.200. or tunnel level. There are over 
 
 ' ei . i- :: iMttMl .iii>! :ii '- in ill.- 
 
 mine, and Immense quantities of ore blocked out. There 
 I* a drain tunnel In the property 8.000 feet In length which 
 obviate* the expense of maintaining an expensive pumping 
 plant, and the total openings In the mine exceed 37.000 feet. 
 There are three well-defined ore bearing lodes within 
 the side line* of the property known a* the South Vein. 
 North Vein and Contact Vein. The greater part of the 
 ore has been taken from the middle or Contact Vein, and 
 even on thin vein there ha* been but comparatively little 
 
 mill are reproduced In connection with this article. The 
 main shaft house and hoisting works are equal to any In 
 the district, and have been Installed with proper machinery 
 necessary for deep mining. A water system bring* an 
 abundant supply of water under pressure from lakes some 
 two miles distant, owned l>\ tin- company, and furnishes 
 the hoisting works and the mill with all that Is required. 
 
 The Daly-Judge Is making history every day. and there 
 will not be a time for many year* to come when Its career 
 will not present something new and crisp. As Its develop- 
 ment progresses Its possibilities expand, and there Is no 
 man who will today prophesy a limit to Its production 
 Concerning It* destiny but one thing Is determinate, and 
 that Is Its absolute success a* a treat producer. 
 
IT IS not so many years ago that every live stock man in 
 Utah knew by practical experience what life on the 
 range meant. Today it is more or less of a memory 
 with him, though it still has application and existence in re- 
 moter portions of the state, where grazing has not been 
 wiped out by the various encroachments that have pushed it 
 farther and farther toward the border. From this opening 
 the reader will infer that it is the cattle raising business 
 that is especially referred to here. But there is no real 
 
 they were monarchs of all they surveyed; when the cow- 
 boy on his cayuse, clad in "shaps," buckskin shirt, high- 
 heeled boots, and sun-breaking sombrero, equipped with 
 deep-gouging spurs, quirt and lariat, and armed with revol- 
 ver and knife, was the same dashing, reckless, picturesque 
 daredevil that he is in Mexico, Texas, Wyoming and Mon- 
 tana today. But that time has passed forever. The cattle- 
 man still has large ranches in many cases. But they are 
 his own; that is, the vast stretches over which his herds 
 
 EARLY OCCUPANTS OF THE RANGE. 
 
 reason why the term should not include the sheepmen as 
 well, for he, too, is a man of the range in fact, is more so 
 today than he who devotes his time to the horse and cattle 
 industry. His flocks cover more of the mountain ranges 
 in the summer time and vastly more of the snow spotted 
 desert in winter than do the herds of cattle and bands of 
 horses. There was a time in Utah when cattle owners 
 had great ranches and occupied the most of a county; when 
 
 roam are either his by purchase or lease from the Govern- 
 ment, State or railroads. Formerly they belonged to 
 "Uncle Sam," and the stockman simply appropriated them 
 to his own use and profit until the advent of new condi- 
 tions. With the change came a thinning out of the cowboy 
 and an increase of the sheep herder, who crowded him 
 closely in all parts of the State and not infrequently dis- 
 puted bis right to monopolize public lands, with the result 
 
io6 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND KMPIRK 
 
 that a most cordial dislike grew up between the two 
 classes. Occasionally there were clashes that accentuated 
 the strained relations. But they were not frequent, in the 
 comparative sense, or fraught with the sanguinary conse- 
 quences that later attended the differences between cattle 
 and sheep men in other States where these industries 
 predominate. All Utah's neighbors have suffered from 
 these feuds, and the difficulties that have arisen have at 
 times been very grave, while the loss of life has often been 
 considerable. The story of how such strife was averted 
 In Utah is well known to stockmen, and is not uninterest- 
 ing to those who do not know and who have not tried the 
 experiment. It was most successful here. It can be made 
 just as successful elsewhere. The cattlemen of Utah saw 
 that they were going to be overwhelmed by the sheepmen; 
 that they could not cope with them when It came to pitting 
 
 cattlemen of Utah are today among the heaviest sheep 
 owners, and they are prospering in both lines of the busi- 
 ness. Thus have threatening conflicts and diverse interests 
 been merged and settled for good and all. 
 
 THE BUSINESS IN OLDEN TIMES. 
 
 The live stock business has been an interesting and 
 profitable calling ever since the day that Jacob drove a 
 sharp yet justifiable bargain with Laban, his father-in-law, 
 who compelled him to work fourteen years for his two 
 daughters, Leah, the tender-eyed and eldest, and Rachel, the 
 beautiful and well favored, the younger of the two. It is 
 related In Sacred Writ that Jacob loved Rachel and offered 
 to work seven years for her, a proposition that the shrewd 
 and far-seeing Lahan readily agreed to. When the long 
 period was past and the semi-darkness of a night feast 
 
 A COWBOY OUTFIT PRKPARKD FOR A -ROUND II- ' 
 
 herds against flocks for the latter completely unflt the 
 r.-iiiKi-H for the former. Every cattleman knows that a cow, 
 calf or steer will flee from the coming of sheep as man will 
 from pestilence. Every sheepman knows the same thing, 
 with him that knowledge Is power. He has seen the cattle- 
 man give way here and there, and found himself In posses- 
 sion of what he wanted the range. But the cattleman 
 of Utah was not Blow to analyze the situation. He had 
 i,n,\.-, i that Hi- way to flght the sheepman was not with 
 cowboys, who In some sections of the country are made 
 up of outlaws and "rustlers" who would rather "kill their 
 roan." especially If that man were a sheepherder, than 
 tln'.v would shoot a jack rabbit or eat their breakfast when 
 hungry. They saw that the way to fight sheep was with 
 sheep. They realized, too. that there was quite as much 
 money. If not more. In sheep than In cattle. BO they sold 
 part of their cattle and bought sheep, and with the latter 
 hemmed In the former and thus became cattle and sheep- 
 men both. It was an easy solution of a serious and complex 
 problem; It was carried BO far that some of the i.aavlest 
 
 reigned. Laban led not Rachel but Leah unto the awaiting 
 and unsuspecting groom who did not discover the decep- 
 tion until after daylight on the morrow. Then the new 
 son-in-law asked for a bill of particulars and was told 
 blandly by Pater Laban that the laws and customs of the 
 nmntry were such that the younger could not have such 
 preference over the first-born, and that if he wanted the 
 latter he must serve an additional seven years. It IB evi- 
 dent that Jacob was an ardent suitor, as he rounded up 
 his shoulders and went to work with the will and determl 
 nation of the young cavalier that he was. Finally the day 
 came when he had discharged his obligations to I<aban. 
 and he was given Rachel also. Then he was happy HI* 
 days for tending flocks and herds In a menial capacity 
 mlrly w.-ll over, as the sequel showed. When I-aban. 
 who had become a real tw>>nlii>ili century rattle and sheep 
 king, admitted that he had been prospered for Jacob's sake, 
 and that he was willing to recompense the young man 
 therefor, the latter simply asked that he be permitted to 
 pass through the flocks and herds of his father-in-law and 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 107 
 
 remove therefrom all that were speckled and spotted, 
 ring-streaked and brown, and accept them and all Increase 
 of like color thereafter in payment for what he had done. 
 Laban, who had become wholly repentant and contrite, 
 consented to what seemed the easiest kind of an act to 
 square accounts. Then came Jacob's cunning into play. 
 It will be remembered how he set rods of green poplar, 
 hazel and chestnut, filled with white streaks, in the gutters 
 and watering troughs where the herds and flocks came to 
 drink, and how this ante-propagation method is said to 
 have resulted in speckled and spotted, ring-streaked and 
 brown increase only, until the grazing and range lands 
 roundabout resembled a great leopard skin. Many times 
 since that notable feat in the live stock business, have 
 others tried to increase their holdings in cattle and sheep 
 by means that would scarcely stand the test of the code of 
 
 were led hither under a wagon by a Mormon Pioneer who 
 is still living, and whose home is in Heber City of this 
 State. 
 
 In the early settlement of the Territory, efforts were 
 made to secure standard bred stock, and many animals 
 of all kinds were imported in the line of thoroughbreds; 
 soon Utah was looked upon by surrounding sections as a 
 supply center for cattle whose beef and milk qualities were 
 sought after, and a place where good horses could be 
 obtained for bettering the cayuse breeds that were so 
 numerous all over the West. A little later a finer class 
 of sheep was also brought here; and now Utah sheep are 
 little less than famous for wool and mutton producing 
 qualities. The State is splendidly adapted for raising 
 sheep on a large scale. It has mountain ranges in 
 the tops of which hundreds of thousands are taken 
 
 A SCENE ON THE UTAH RANGE. 
 
 correct dealing. "Rustlers" have rustled with results that 
 have been both profitable and disastrous. Mavericks have 
 been rounded up and branded without number. "Robbers 
 Roosters" and "Hole-in-the-Wall Gangs" have existed in all 
 countries from time immemorial, but Jacob's great accom- 
 plishment has never been equaled. Besides he, as unfold- 
 ing events proved, acted wisely and well, and made things 
 right with the supposedly injured party, something that 
 is not done by the rustling, maverick-chasing cowboy of 
 questionable ethics and modern times. 
 
 THE SHEEP INDUSTRY IN UTAH. 
 
 The introduction of cattle and sheep into Utah would 
 be an interesting narrative in itself. But briefest reference 
 to it only can be made in an article like this. Suffice it 
 to say that they came with the Pioneers, who brought them 
 from the Mississippi and Missouri Valley regions and that 
 cows and calves were sometimes made to divide the work 
 of drawing heavy wagons across the plains and through 
 the mountains, with the oxen and the horses. It is an 
 instructive fact that the first three sheep brought to Utah 
 
 during the summer months for the softer and greener 
 browsing and which puts on the fat and starts the growth 
 of wool that means so much when the bleak winter winds 
 arrive. When the flocks are driven from the high ranges 
 early in the autumn, on the appearance of the first snow, 
 they are usually halted on the plateaus between range and 
 valley until the temperature becomes low enough, and the 
 snow deep enough to push out into the great American 
 Desert, which furnishes a very good winter range when 
 the snowfall is sufficient. It is rarely too deep. The 
 reverse condition is rather true than otherwise. When 
 spring rolls round again there is once more a movement 
 toward the mountains with a few weeks of waiting in the 
 intervening country, for snow to melt and the grass to 
 grow, which is just prior to the important time of lambing 
 and the usually profitable time of shearing. These are 
 periods that require the most careful attention. In a single 
 week, or day even, a careless herder may cost his employer 
 many times the amount of his wages for an entire year. 
 When a cold storm suddenly arises the failure to get the 
 flock under a protecting hill or in some sheltering hollow 
 
io8 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 may be attended with the most disastrous consequences. 
 So, too. with shearing, when weather conditions are not 
 favorable. 
 
 While the sheep business has proved itself one 
 of the most profitable industries in the State, while it has 
 enriched many and given employment to very many more, 
 It requires a vast amount of care much more care than 
 skill, though skill Is by no means an unnecessary quantity. 
 Many of the wealthiest sheep men in Utah today are men 
 who had little or no capital to begin with. It was simply a 
 case of sticking to it early and late and all the time. In two 
 or three years their herds of twenties had gone into 
 hundreds, and In a few years more their hundreds had 
 reached thousands; and when thousands are attained In 
 the sheep business, money making comes fast and easy, 
 providing the care heretofore referred to Is given. If 
 it is not. there are few enterprises in which the Western 
 
 the three States named. Mr. Smith estimates that they 
 bring $10,000,000 annually into this State, as proceeds 
 from mutton and wool. 
 
 THE HERDER'S HUMDRUM AND PROSAIC LIFE. 
 
 The life of a sheep herder of modern times is not 
 vested with the romantic and poetic fancy and senti- 
 ment that were thrown about it when the tender of 
 sheep was known as a "shepherd," and not as a "herder," 
 and when he carried a crook and was looked upon as a man. 
 meek, mild and wise. He may possess some of these 
 qualities today, but it is a fact readily admitted by him- 
 self that he does not display all of them all of the time. 
 When he reads about his gentle predecessors, he is per- 
 plexed. He wonders at their meekness; their mildness 
 mystifies him; their wisdom is beyond his ken. He is 
 glad to know they had these virtues, and marvels when he 
 
 A FLOCK OF UTAH LAMBS. 
 
 farmer and stock grower can engage, that afford him better 
 opportunity to lose hltt hard earned dollars. But an 
 Investment of five hundred dollars judiciously made, with 
 the aid of a couple of low priced but faithful herders can 
 easily. In the course of five yean, be made to reach flve 
 thousand dollars; anil when this amount has been reached, 
 a further Increase Is still more rapid. 
 
 Utah men own more sheep today than the citizens of 
 any other State with the single exception of Montana, 
 though they are not all ranged within the borders of Utah. 
 A great many of the sheep that find subsistence In 
 Wyoming and Idaho, both excellent sheep growing states. 
 arc tin- property of Utah men. The number of sheep owned 
 In Utah at present (1902). according to official Information 
 furniMlMMi by President Jesse M. Smith of the Utah Wool 
 Growers' Association. Is about what It was when the census 
 was taken two years ago 3.818,423. The number owned 
 by Utah men In Idaho will exceed 1.000,000. while more 
 than 1,000,000 head are owned by Utah men In Wyoming, 
 making a total of at least 6,000,000 owned by Utah men In 
 
 thinks there was a decided shrinkage In them before In- 
 got his quota. He sees little poetry In life, and cares less 
 for what he does see. But he Is not without sentiment 
 or human sympathy. Few men will respond more quickly 
 to a case of worthy charity than he. and few, when driven 
 to a corner, will stand up more courageously for his 
 rights. His life Is generally lonely and retired and bit- 
 want* are not many; but he likes to live well, and his 
 employer Is generally of a disposition that permits him to 
 do so. Better still, he likes his faithful dog and trusty 
 rifle. Without them he could not would not be a henli'r 
 It has been a common thing to attribute gross Ignorance 
 to the xlieepbenler of in. lay That In a mistake that Is 
 made by Ignorant persons onl>. Tin-re are men of that 
 class In the calling. But many of them are great readers, 
 deep thinkers and shrewd observers. They live close to 
 nature, and know It far better than many a man with a 
 scholastic education and scientific training. They study 
 the stars and note the slightest change In meterologlcal 
 conditions with an ease and certainty that mere astronoml- 
 
UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 109 
 
 cal theorists and everyday weather clerks never experi- 
 ence. The modern sheepherder may be as distinct a type 
 today as was the shepherd who tended the flocks and 
 associated with the wise men, before the advent of the 
 Christian era. He doubtless is. But in that distinctness 
 and behind the gruff and sometimes unpolished exterior that 
 he displays, is a man who can almost invariably be trusted, 
 no matter how great is his temptation to do wrong. 
 
 WHERE CATTLE ROAM IN PASTURES GREEN. 
 
 Now for the cattle industry. The business is in a 
 healthy state of progress in Utah at the present time. As 
 has been intimated, it is conducted in sections of the 
 country much more restricted than formerly upon areas 
 of land less expansive. As a consequence, the loss is also 
 less; for in the days when cattle roamed at large, and when 
 they had to subsist in wintertime on what they could 
 
 though feeding is of longer duration when marketing of 
 beef is contemplated. While the range raised steer is still 
 sought after and profitable, he is invariably made better 
 by feeding, which is done on the largest scale in the 
 alfalfa and sugar beet sections, though considerable corn, 
 both Utah and Eastern, is now being used for fattening 
 purposes. Many of the leading farmers of the State are 
 finding that the business pays well, and are planning for 
 the future in this direction. Never in the history of the 
 State was there so large and varied a selection of cattle 
 as at the recent annual exposition given under 
 the auspices of the Deseret Agricultural and Manu- 
 facturing Society ; and never were there so many 
 high class and pure bred animals. Some of them 
 were prize winners in a number of States, and all attracted 
 the attention of visitors from far and near. Sales are 
 constantly being made of high bred animals to breeders 
 
 GEO. M. CANNON'S PRIZE JERSEYS AT UTAH STATE FAIR, 1902. 
 
 rustle from the range in snow that was deep and winds 
 that were cold, many died from exposure and want. Now, 
 particularly in the northern half of the State, where the 
 business is carried on most extensively, they are fed upon 
 the ranches during the severest weather. While the cost 
 is greater than the range grazing practice that hitherto 
 prevailed, the returns are also greater, and the animals 
 are of better quality; for the man who sees his cattle 
 every day and watches them grow from calves to cows 
 and steers wants to see good animals. He takes pride in 
 the thoroughbred, but the scrawny "runt" is always an 
 eyesore to him, so to speak. Utah is now shipping a great 
 many cattle to the packing house centers of Chicago, 
 Kansas City, Omaha and Denver, and those who are thus 
 engaged are making it pay. 
 
 Range conditions are still such in Utah, however, that 
 grazing is practicable for about eight months in the year 
 in the northern tier of counties, and even more than that 
 in the far south. Some of the best herds are thus raised 
 
 all over the North and Northwest. The number of cattle 
 in Utah at the present time is about 400,000 head, with a 
 total value, approximated, of $9,000,000. 
 
 A unique experiment in cattle breeding is now being 
 carried on very profitably on one of the islands of the 
 Great Salt Lake, namely, the crossing of a domesticated 
 herd of buffaloes with Polled Angus, Hereford and Short 
 Horn strains. In general appearance the first named is 
 more nearly like the buffalo than any of the others, except 
 as to color, and the result is an animal that looks quite 
 three-fourths buffalo. But a better animal results from 
 crossing the buffalo with the two other breeds than with 
 the Polled Angus. A distinct and pure bred buffalo herd is 
 also being raised. It is probably the best of its kind in 
 America, and is doubtless doing more to preserve and 
 perpetuate the last remnants of that magnificent animal 
 that was once the glory and pride of the prairie and plains, 
 but whose remorseless slaughter followed in the wake of 
 civilization as it marched across the continent, building 
 
no 
 
 UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 
 
 cities and founding States. The buffaloes thus reared upon 
 the Island find a ready market in the larger cities, where 
 they are placed in the public parks and occasionally in 
 game preserves, not to be hunted down, but as representa- 
 tives and reminders of a noble animal now almost extinct 
 
 PASSING OF THE MUSTANG. 
 
 A quarter of a century ago Western America teemed 
 with the wild mustang. Not a State, not a Territory in the 
 
 CEO. M. CANNON'S PRIZE JERSEY COW. 
 
 region that did not have him In numbers great. In Utah 
 the canyons had him In the summer months where he waxed 
 fat, haughty and defiant. The desert was his home In 
 winter, where he ran off much of the flesh accumulated 
 from the succulent grasses of the mountains. He belonged" 
 to whomever could capture, brand and sub- 
 due him; and this is true In Southern Utah 
 today, where, by reason of bis numbers, he 
 IB a menace to the range. Accordingly he 
 Is hunted down In the winter time and shot 
 to death by the hundred; sometimes by the 
 thousands. His body Is skinned and his car- 
 cass left to decay upon the sands and alkali 
 of the desert. The reason of this apparent 
 wanton slaughter Is that the range Is needed 
 for cattle and sheep and for horses of better 
 breed. The mustang of Southern Utah looks 
 upon man as his natural i-in'iny. and Is off 
 at a speed astonishing at his approach. 
 There are Incidents In the chase which 
 brings about his destruction that are thrill- 
 Ing In the extreme, and as exciting as any 
 stag hunt that ever took place. Those wild 
 kings of the desert whence came they? 
 Some wandered away from the Spaniards of 
 M. -xn n In the long ago. Some came from tired 
 and worn out animals left to die along the 
 trails of the emigrants In the carry settlement 
 of Utah and California. Occasionally there 
 were some One specimens among these latter, with the 
 result that now and again a really excellent animal Is 
 found In the ilrsert hands of today. When he Is discovered 
 the hunt Is usually prolonged. rr he Is fleet of foot and 
 good of wind, as well as long maned and proud of spirit 
 But his day. too. Ilka that of the bison. Is numbered. It 
 
 is only a question of years until he will be annihilated. 
 He cannot last a great while under the terrific onslaught 
 that is being waged against him. Recently a goodly 
 number of these hard knotted, wiry beasts were sent with 
 many better Utah horses to far off Africa, having been 
 purchased for war purposes by the British Government 
 Very many of the horses of the State have been bred up 
 from mustang origin and are decidedly serviceable. But 
 for the past two decades there has been much attention 
 given to the raising of animals of pure blood 
 only. These comprise all of the standard 
 breeds of draft, driving, riding and racing 
 animals. Among them are specimens 'that 
 cannot fail to attract the attention and ex- 
 cite the admiration of the lovers of the best 
 horseflesh. 
 
 It has been claimed that the days of the 
 horse are over, that he will be replaced by 
 the automobile, the bicycle and other mod- 
 ern transportation mediums. That claim a 
 few years ago resulted in the sale and ex- 
 portation at very low figures of thousands 
 of Utah horses, and a general decrease in 
 the number throughout the State. But a 
 change of sentiment came, and the value of 
 horses went up again. At present there is 
 & good local as well as outside demand for 
 ^r them, and it is doubtful whether they will 
 
 ever become as cheap again as they were 
 ten years ago. This welcome change has 
 caused a marked impetus in the business of 
 horse raising, and while the industry Is not 
 what It once was from the number standpoint, it promises 
 to be more profitable than during any previous period. 
 Meanwhile automobiles, bicycles and transportation what- 
 nots of modern manufacture may come and go, but the 
 horse, who has been the companion, friend and servant 
 of man from a period that antedates written history, will 
 
 CIO. M. I-KI/I MM KIR. 
 
 retain his place In the hearts and service of humanity. 
 
 Il- 
 
 ls the noblest of all animals, and Is destined to live while 
 humanity lives. And so we say, may his future be linked 
 in..;- closely with that of man In the coming and going 
 of the ages, and may his grace, beauty and usefulness 
 en il u re forever.