BANCROFT
LIBRARY

THE LIBRARY

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

i p<
*Wi / |r e "

UTAH

The Inland Empire

ILLUSTRATED.

The Story of the Pioneers.

Resources and Industries of the State.
Attractions of Salt Lake City.

Leading Men of the Community.

Written, Compiled and Published under the direction of
ARTHUR T. SARGF.NT

I I IK DKSKRKT NKWS,

SALT I.AKI: CITY, UTAH.

THE PONY EXPRESS.

How thr I'nitrd Sum Miil wn brought tn t'uh fifty von >|o.

SUNSET ON GREAT SALT LAKE, FROM SALTAIR BEACH.
Copyrighted 1901, by Harry Shipler > Salt Lake City.

Proem.

BANCROFT
LIBRARY

For many years a demand has existed, both on the part of our own public, and the
many tourists who find in Utah a fascinating field for their investigations, for a work which
should embody in convenient form an authentic record of the settlement of this state, its
growth and development, its industries, its attractions and of the men whose genius and
energy have made the commonwealth what it is.

It is to supply this demand that " UTAH, THE INLAND EMPIRE," has been prepared.
The various articles presented are from the pens of writers known as authorities in the
fields they cover, and all the facts stated may be relied on as being from authentic sources.
The figures presented are the latest compiled, and the various illustrations are from photo-
graphs taken specially for this publication.

The historic interest attached to Utah, and her rapidly growing importance in the
mining, industrial and commercial world, will, we feel assured, justify the pains expended
in preparing this offering to the public.

THE DESERET NEWS.
Salt Lake City, Utah,

December, 1902.

warn,

THK arrival of the Pioneers upon the shores of the
Great Salt I^ake was an epoch In American history as
momentuous and far-reaching in its consequences as
the landing of the Pilgrims upon Plymouth Rock. In either
case it meant the founding of an Empire, the establishment

^ , '' .

A PIONEER'S HOME.

of States that were to form Integral parts of the mightiest
of modern nations: and that, too, by representatives of the
world-dominating Anglo-Saxon race.

Brigham Young, the leader of the Pioneers, was a de-
scendant of the Pilgrims who settled New England and of
Hi.- Patriots who established the independence of the
Colonies. As such he was a type of the people whom he
led a thousand miles Into the wilderness to lay the founda-
tions of the commonwealth whose sovereign star is forty-
fifth upon the flag of the Union. Mainly of Yankee origin
were the earlier settlers of Utah, though the Mormon
community was liberally sprinkled, even then, with emi-
grants from other parts. As early as the year 1840 a ship

load of their proselytes from Europe had steamed up the
Mississippi and landed at the wharf below their terraced
and temple-crowned city on the banks of the Father of
Waters. This was the beginning of Mormon immigration
from abroad; but "the gathering," as It was styled, had
been in progress upon this continent for a decade, and had
called forth converts from the Canadian Provinces and
from various states in the Union. It was a small but
picked band from the body of the persecuted community
expelled from Illinois in 1846, that Brigham Young led

IN I III DAY*

JOSKPH SMITH.

Kim rmldcnt of Ihf Church of Jrtui Chtiil
of Litter Di -nun.

from the Missouri River to Salt I,ake Valley the year fol-
lowing.

What Is now the state of Utah, glittering with Hi leu.
smiling with orchards and vineyards, dottrel with thi>
peaceful and happy honirs of a ipiart.-r of a million people.
WM then a sun-baked alkalln<> dcHert. Infested with sav-
age*, wild beasts and venomous reptiles, whiumed by the
occasional went i mini Immigrant as a land of desolation
and death, and habitable only tn while- men in tin- PIT
sons of a few wandering trappers, roaming over the snow-
< npped mountains and sun-parched plains. It was a por-
tionand the most forbidding portionof what was named
upon tho maps and In the school book* of that period as
"Tho (Iroat American Desert." described by Daniel Web-
.-IT upon the floor of the United States Senate a* a "vast

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

worthless area." It is an oft-told tale how Colonel
"Jim" Bridger, the veteran mountaineer, then living in a
lonely log fort in what is now the State of Wyoming, met
Brigham Young as he crossed the Rocky Mountains, and

BRIGHAM YOUNG As GOVERNOR OF UTAH IN 1850.

remarked pessimistically to him and his pioneer associ-
ates, that he would give a thousand dollars if he knew an
ear of corn could ripen in Salt Lake Valley. Yet it was
to this very spot, the region thus tabooed and stigmatized,
that these hardy empire builders made their way, refusing
to be dismayed by discouraging reports and prospects, or
lured from their purpose by tempting tales told them of

IIKKORE ill K "OVER LAND LIMl'IKD."

a fair and fertile land farther on; a land of flowers, the
future land of gold, the green and grassy slopes of the
Pacific.

There was "method" in this "madness," if madness it
be deemed. To that heaven-favored region, that modern

Hesperides, were already flocking the firstlings of emi-
gration from the East, most of it from those very parts
where the Mormon people had experienced their sorest
trials. To settle upon the Pacific Coast, their leader fore-
saw, would be to invite, ultimately if not immediately, a
repetition of the troubles from which the despoiled and
driven exiles were then fleeing. Hence his preference for

Ill I

THE ARRIVAL OF THE "OVERLAND MAIL."

the sun-burnt, rock-girt wilderness a land coveted by
none, contemned by all, a natural citadel, "a fortress
formed to freedom's hand." "Here," said Brigham Young,
"here we will build a City and rear a Temple to our
God." Later, to those of his people, who, after the dis-
covery of gold in California, would fain have rushed

BRIGHAM YOUNG IN 1876.

thither, or prematurely plunged into mining in these parts,
he sagely said: "We cannot eat gold and silver; wo need
bread and clothing first; neither do we wi

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

IN IHt \|nl Nl \IN> NKAK >AI.T LAKE.

a roving, reckless frontier population to drive us again
from our hard-earned homes. Let mining go for the pres-
ent, until we are strong enough to take care of ourselves,
and meantime engage in farming, stock raising, manufac-
turing, and other healthful pursuits that lie at the basis
of every state's prosperity." Such was the substance of
his teachings upon that point. The wisdom of the advice,
the soundness of the policy then inaugurated, and prac-
ticed by most of the people under his direction, is shown
In the present prosperity and splendid prospects of the
state they founded, as compared with other common-
wealths where mining from the first was the main and
almost exclusive occupation.

The pioneer vanguard of the migrating people, which
left the Iowa frontier early in April, and entered the Val-
ley of the Inland Sea late In July, 1847, comprised one
hundred and forty-three men, three women and two chil-
dren. They were thoroughly organized, though none
too well supplied with wagons, ox-teams, saddle
horses, flre-arms. plows, seed grain, provisions and the
usual camp equipment. Originally twelve times twelve
men were chosen, but one of them fell sick and returned
after the Journey began. The starting point was "Winter
Quartern," a temporary prairie settlement founded by the
Latter Day Saints after their arrival upon the Missouri
River, and from which place In the summer of 1846. had
gone foith. at the call of their country, the Mormon Bat-
talion, five hundred strong to assist In the war against
Mexico. It was the call for that battalion, and Its de-
parture by way of Santa Ke for Southern California, that
postponed the proposed journey of the Pioneers until the
following spring. Taking a new route up the north bank
of the Platte a route now covered by much of the road-
bed of the Union Paclflr railway the Pioneers, by way of
South Pass. Oreen River and the Wasatch ranee, emerged
upon the desolate shores and sand plains where have
spniim up Imii.ii.'.ls of dtlex. towns and villages,
virtually their girt to civilization. The official date of their
arrival upon the site of the pioneer and parent city was
Saturday, July 24th: tlmuKh a few straggled In two or
three days earlier and partly explored "The Valley."
Along with the Pioneers came a small company of Mor-
mon emigrants from Mississippi, who had joined them at

Fort Laramie; and a few days later they
were followed by some disabled detach-
ments of the Mormon Battalion, who had
passed the previous winter at Pueblo.
These were the men and women who
struck the first blows in the conquest
and colonization of "The Great American
Desert;" though equal credit, so far as
toils and hardships are concerned, be-
longs to the emigrant companies that ar-
rived from Winter Quarters in the ensu-
ing autumn and during the early suc-
ceeding years.

Utah, when the Pioneers came, was
"Eastern California." and California a
province of Mexico, with which the United
States was at war. Unfurling to the
breeze the Stars and Stripes, these Mor-
mon colonizers, as American citizens,
took possession of the country, and after
the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, by
which. In February, 1848, the land was
ceded to our nation, they organized,
pending congressional action upon
their petition for a state govern-
ment, the provisional government of "Deseret" a name
taken from 'the Book of Mormon and signifying "honey
bee." It was in March, 1849. that the first civil government
In the Rocky Mountains was thus established. Meantime
the surrounding region was explored and colonized, settle-
ments being formed wherever water was found and means
of subsistence available. The savage tribes were subdued
or placated, arid lands reclaimed by Irrigation, forts and
cities built, schools and factories founded, and the whole
land made to hum with the whirring wheels of industry.

As an illustration of how Utah was settled, how our
Inland empire was founded, Salt LaKc City may be taken
as an example. Here the earliest settlers lived in a fort
of logs and earthwork, reared on what Is now called Plo-

UIVIL's MIUl-\vmm CANYON.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

neer Square, and designed as a protection against wild
beasts and hostile Indians. The walls of this fort were
composed of small one-story adobe houses, built in the
form of a square, the roofs of brush and dirt slanting out-
ward and the main entrance guarded by heavy gates kept
carefully closed at night. The outer windows of the houses
were the port-holes of the fortification. In this primitive
structure, huddled together in a semi-miserable state,
poorly protected from the weather and preyed upon by na-
tive vermin, our "oldest inhabitants," numbering some
seventeen hundred souls, passed their first winter in the
Valley of the Great Salt Lake. A city had been laid out
in the previous August, but not until the next spring did
the settlers begin moving upon the city lots, taking with
them in many instances the primitive huts constructed by
them as portions of the "Old Fort." There was no land-
grabbing in those days, and no monopoly of the mountain
streams, almost the sole water supply. Outside the city
the land was divided into five and ten-acre fields, one of
which, with a city lot of one and a quarter acres part of
the ten-acre blocks into which the town was divided with
sufficient water to irrigate his ground, was allotted to
each head of a family. All were encouraged to till the
soil, not only in cultivating farms, but in planting orchards,
shade trees, flowers and shrubbery. The result was that
Salt Lake City and her offspring settlements soon pre-
sented the appearance of a veritable Eden in the desert.

There were seasons of drouth and years of famine;
there were cricket plagues and grasshopper visitations,
when short rations were the rule and starvation the pros-
pect, with wild roots and cooked raw-hides as articles of
diet more common than breadstuffs; but at such times
the communal character of the people, with their "share
and shaie alike" principles and practice, saved them from
the extremes of suffering. There were also wars with
the Indians, who killed many of the colonizers, but were
punished in return as often as necessary, and taught that
no harm, but only good, was intended by their white neigh-
bors. It was not long before the "feed-and-not-flght-them"
policy pursued by the Mormon leaders bore legitimate
fruit, and the once war-like red man became friendly and
peaceable.

Utah's earliest merchants were from
the East and were non-Mormons. They
reaped immense profits from their mer-
chandise, brought in long wagon trains
from St. Louis and other Eastern cities,
but the settlers gladly gave them what
they asked for dry goods, groceries, cloth-
ing, farming implements and whatever
else was most needed in this new coun-
try. Very soon, however, Mormon mer-
chants began competing with the outsid-
ers. Most of the trading was done by
exchange. Money was exceedingly scarce,
and at first the products of the earth,
with manufactured articles and bags of
California gold dust, were the common
currency. To partly obviate this incon-
venience, a mint was established and
gold pieces of various denominations
coined. These coins, however, were only
for temporary use, and were soon called
in and disposed of as bullion to the
United States mints.

As soon as practicable was organized
the Perpetual Emigrating Fund Company,
to aid the poor among scattered Mormon converts
to "gather to Zion"; in other words, to emigrate
to the Rocky Mountains. The Mormon Church, with
Its leading men, who established and conducted this
enterprise, were the main contributors to the fund, which
sent annually to the frontier five hundred wagons to bring
immigration across the plains. Persons aided by the fund
in various nations, with meaus advanced for their trans-
portation to Utah, were expected to reimburse it as soon as
able, in order that the fund might be "perpetual." Many
so helped owe to this system their deliverance from pov-
erty or dependence in distant lands and their subsequent

IN BIG COTTONWOOD CANYON.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

rise to comfort and affluence in the New World. This
Emigrating Company was instituted in the fall of 1849,
and simultaneously with its inception went forth the first
missionaries from the Rocky Mountains, bound for Great
Britain. Scandinavia. France. Italy. California and the Pa-
rifle Islands.

The proselytes who reinforced the Pioneers and earli-
est settlers, and helped in the establishment of the inland
empire, were of the bone and sinew, genius and talent
of nearly all countries farmers, laborers, tradesmen, me-
chanics, manufacturers, business men, with a liberal
sprinkling of artists, musicians, writers and other pro-
fessional people, representing the average run of American
society and what are known in Europe as the middle and
working classes. "In their degree the pick and flower of
England," was the comment passed upon a typical ship-

plies, being necessary for the remainder of the journey.
The toilsome trip at an end. they would here be met by
kindred and friends who had preceded them, or by church
agents appointed for the purpose, and be furnished with
employment at Salt Lake City and the surrounding settle-
ments, or sent to colonize and build up new sections. Most
of the newcomers, pre-empting and improving land and
practicing wherever possible their trades and professions,
would soon acquire homes of their own and lay the founda-
tions for future prosperity.

The founding of Utah blazed the way for the west-
ward march of civilization. In California and Oregon, her
only original competitors, there was no such community
of interests, no such organized effort, no such systematic
plan of colonization and state-building, as were witnessed
here from the beginning. While California was digging

I IK. \\ I XS\ "N

SCENIC POIVI - IN SDK I IIKKN II Ml
FAR Ml"\ I I HI KH HI

Ht AK Kl\ I K t \\YON.

load of Mormon emigrants, by the afterwards famous
Charles Dickens, then a reporter on a London newspaper.
The emlgratlonal arrangements In the British Mission were
so perfect as to call forth In 1864 the commendation of a
elect committee of the House of Commons, who, after
Investigation, pronounced the Mormon migrant ship
"a family under strong and accepted discipline, with every
pruvlxlc.ii for comfort, decorum and Internal peace." Cross-
ing the sea. generally In large companies. In charge of
capable and reputable KId-rs of the Church, the emigrants
would travel, until railroad facilities were extended, mostly
If not entirely by team to the frontier. W)HT<> the wagons
of the Emigrating Company awaited them They would
then be reorganized for the passage of the plains: an ox-
team and a wagon or a handcart, with three months 1 sup-

gold. Utah was developing her agricultural resources: while
on the fertile slopes of the Pacific the husbandman was
reaping with little or no loll harvests sown and win. i. <!
by nature, die settler of Deserct was breaking his plow-
share in the hard, nun baked soil, turning the mountain
I..M. MI from Its channel to soften and make arable Hie
rocky ground, and when not guarding himself and his
loved ones from marauding and merciless savages was
disputing possession of his scanty crops with cri<
grasshoppers and other voracious pests with which the re-
gion Hwarmeil. The Moiinon peace policy in relation to the
Indians HiiliHcrved In various ways the cause of western
developccnt During the period of the gold excitement Salt
Lake Valley was a "half-way house" between the Missouri
river and the Pacific coast, and here the tired gold sekr

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

halted for rest and to obtain supplies to enable him to
reach his journey's end. The same may be said of subse-
quent emigration. The establishment of this common-
wealth greatly facilitated the settlement of other states
and territories now clustering round her. She was the
keystone to the arch of western empire. Moreover, it
was Mormon picks and shovels wielded by some of the
returning Battalion boys that dug up at Sutter's Mills
in January, 1848, the first gold of California. It was a Mor-
mon colony from New York by way of Cape Horn that gave
to the Golden State her second pioneer newspaper. This
was in 1846. four years before the Deseret News, the pio-
neer journal of these parts, was established at Salt Lake
City.

Sierra Nevadas, with a small strip of the California sea-
coast, including the town of San Diego.

Deseret's prayer for statehood was denied, and the
territory of Utah, with greatly diminished boundaries, was
organized by Congress in September, 1850; California, at
the same time, being admitted into the Union as a state.
Brigham Young became Governor of Utah by appointment
of President Millard Fillmore, after whom the grateful
people named the county of Millard and city of Fill-
more, the first capital of the territory. Governor Young
served two terms of four years each, his reappointment
being due to the solicitation of both Mormons and Gen-
tiles. He was succeeded ty Hon. Alfred Cumming. a native
of Georgia, Utah's first non-Mormon executive. Up to the

I u l\ ROCKS.

POINTS ON THK "MORMON" PIONKKR TRAIL Ol'
SKVHNKL ROCK.

1000 MILK TRKK.

Utah's political history had begun the year previous
with the organization of the Provisional Government of the
State of Deseret. Under this regime Brigham Young was
elected Gove:nor, and the offices of Secretary, Treasurer,
Chief Justice, Associate Justices. Attorney General, Mar-
shal, Assessor and Collector, and Surveyor of Highways,
were simultaneously created and filled. Minor magistrates
were also elected and the militia organized. The first
counties created were those cf Salt Lake, Weber, Utah,
Sanpete, Juab and Tooele. The territory comprised within
the limits of the proposed state extended from what was
then Oregon on the north to Mexico on the south, and
westward from the summit of the Rocky Mountains to the

present time our commonwealth has had fifteen governors,
all but two non-Mormons, and all but one appointed by
the President of the United States. The exception is the
present governor, Hon. Heber M. Wells, a Mormon and a
native of Salt Lake City.

Just prior to Governor Cumming's installation occurred
the exciting but bloodless conflict commonly known as
the "Echo Canyon War;" officially styled the Utah Expedi-
tion; the sending of a United States army to Utah to put
down an alleged Mormon uprising. The leader of this
army was General Albert Sidney Johnston, who afterwards
fell at Shiloh. Knowing that the national authorities had
been misled by false reports, Governor Young took imme-

UTAH THK INLAND EMPIRK

diate steps to acquaint them with the true state of affairs,
and meanwhile, in order to prevent a possible repetition
of the anti-Mormon atrocities of Missouri and Illinois, he
exercised his official power for their protection. Placing
Utah under martial law. he forbade Johnston's army to
enter the territory, and called out the militia to resist the

Valley, the settlers were materially benefltted by the lu-
crative trade carried on with the garrison until the out-
break of the Civil War. when the post was abandoned.

It was the general opinion throughout the country that
the opening of the great conflict between the North and the
South would find Utah arrayed on the side of secession.

impending Invasion. A heavy force of armed mountain-
eers, under General Daniel H. Wells, the father of our
present governor, forthwith proceeded to barricade Echo
Canon and otherwise Impede the advance of the Invading
host. The result was what Governor Young anticipated.
Johnston's troops went Into winter quarters east of the

and in arms against the Federal Government, but the expec-
tation was not realized. At the very threshold of the strife,
with the tide of victory running In favor of the Confederacy

DANCING UTt.

Wasatrh mountain*, spring brought peace commissioner*
from Washington, and the affair happily ended without
bloodshed. Though the morale of the territory was not
Improved l>y the hordes of camp followers that came In
the wake of the army, which founded Camp Floyd In Cedar

A NAVAJO HI- in-Ml AND FAMII 1

there flashed eastward over the wires of the Overland Tele-
graph I.ln.-. rompli !<! to Salt l*ake City In October, 1861,
this message, signed by Drlgham Young: "Utah has not
seceded, but Is firm for the Constitution and laws of our

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

1 1

once happy country." Simultaneously the Mormon leader
no longer Governor of Utah, but still the real power in the
land offered to President Lincoln the services of a picked
body of men to protect the government mail route on the
plains; an offer that was graciously accepted. Early in
1862 the Territory applied again for admission into the
Union.

of Northern Utah and Southern Idaho. Colonel Connor,
moreover, was the first to open the Utah mines, though
they were not developed until several years later, owing
to the absence of railroad facilities. ,

It was twenty-two years after the settlement of Salt
Lake Valley when the shriek of the locomotive broke the
stillness of the mountain solitudes and brought Utah face

UTE WARRIOR "FIGHTING BEAR."

AN INDIAN BRIDE.

But the prevailing prejudice was too dense to
be at once dispelled; hence, notwithstanding these
evidences of loyalty, the sending of Colonel Pat-
rick Edward Connor, at the head of the California and
Nevada Volunteers to Salt Lake City in October of that
year "to watch Brigham Young and the Mormons" during
this period of national peril. Aside from this superfluous
task as disagreeable to the soldiers as it was annoying

to face with all the problems of modern civilization. A
new era then dawned upon Deseret. Her days of isolation
were ended. Population increased, commerce expanded,
and a thousand and one improvements were planned and
exploited. Telegraphs and railroads threw a network of
steel and electricity over a region formerly traversed by
the slow-going ox team and lumbering stage coach. The
mines were developed, property of all kinds increased in

PAPOOSE.

to the citizens the troops made themselves useful in
founding Fort Douglas and in exterminating a band of
hostile Indians who had long been a terror to the settlers

NAVAJO G1RI.S.

value, and industry on every hand felt the thrill of an elec-
tric reawakening. Tourists from East and West began
flocking to the Mormon country to see for themselves "the

i :

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

"MR-. c-.MMM.IiV' ROCK.

peculiar people" and their Institutions, trusting no more
to the wild tales told by sensational traducers. Brigham
Young, who had predicted the transcontinental railroad

great newspapers the former independent, the latter anti-
Mormon in tone came into existence as successors to
earlier rivals of the Deseret News; and non-Mormon
churches, of which thete had been a few in Utah almost
from the beginning, were multiplied. In the midst of
these changes Brigham Young, the chief founder of the
commonwealth, died at Salt Lake City August 29. 1877.

Marvelous as were the mutations preceding that event,
quite as wonderful are some of the changes that have fol-
lowed. The steady inflow of capital and population, the
continued discovery and development of valuable mines,
the extension of railroads, and multiplication of schools,
factories and business enterprises, with the introduction
of all modern improvements, were to have been expected
in view of what had already taken place: but the peculiar
turn taken in political affairs, due to a remarkable change
of attitude on the part of "the dominant church." was
most surprising.

As early as 1862 Congress had legislated upon the sub-
ject of "polygamy." the patriarchal marriage system of
the Latter-Day Saints, practiced by Joseph Smith, Brigham
Young and other leaders at Nauvoo, but never publicly
promulgated by the Church until 1852. Not more than two

MT. NUi'i IN ll'AB COUNTY ELEVATION tlJHl ftt I

and marked out Its path while crossing the plains and
mountains In 1847. now when It was extending across Utah
IM-IJIIMC it niitractor. helping to build the Union Pacific
through Kcho ntul Weber canyoiiH. He had previous-
ly established the ix-seret Telegraph line, constructed en-
tirely by Mormon capital and labor under his direction.
The I'tali Central and the Utah Southern, the pioneer local
railroads, now Incnrnnraf-d In the Oregon Shott line, were
built by him and other Mormon capitalists, and of the first-
named road he was for many years the president. He and
his associates also organized at this period /Ion's Co-opera-
tive Mercantile Institution, to consolidate Mormon com-
III.-M l;il iniiTextH and enable them to meet successfully

iniietltlon mincing In from outside Hoiirceg.
With the inereane of the Gentile population came the
formation of rival political parties, the first that Utah had
. ii' wn; and between the pro-Mormon People's party and
Hi-- anti-Mormon Liberal party a long and bitter fight was
waged. The Salt Lake Herald and Salt Ijike Tribune, both

PLUM 1-riMMM. sink- \MBIH CANYON

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

per cent, of the Mormon people ever practiced the plural-
wife principle, though generally they believed it to be
divine. The anti-polygamy act was not enforced, it be-
ing regarded as unconstitutional, even by many non-Mor-
mons, who recognized the sincerity of their opponents
in the practice of what was to them a religious principle.
A decision affirming the law's constitutionality was ren-
dered by the Supreme Court of the United States in Janu-
ary, 1879, and in March, 1882, and in March, 1887, Con-
gress supplemented it with the Edmunds law and the Ed-
munds-Tucker law, under which a rigorous anti-polygamy
crusade was carried on in Utah, Idaho and Arizona. Upon
the sufferings inflicted during that time of trouble no citi-
zen now loves to dwell. Polygamists and their families
were hunted by deputy-marshals and other minions of
the law with all the assiduity of sleuth-hounds. The
three territories were raked as with a sharp-toothed har-
row, and men and women agonized to an extent almost un-
bearable. One Utah citizen of repute was shot and killed

CASTLE GATE PRICE CANYON.

by an over-zealous deputy, and delicate women, fleeing
from arrest, often in the night time, died from terror,
exposure or exhaustion, or suffered injuries from which
they never recovered. The exchequer of the federal
courts was swollen to repletion with fines collected in
polygamous cases, and the penitentiaries were crowded
with convicts for conscience' sake; most of them
punished, not for marrying plural wives, but for living
with wives married prior to the enactment of the law un-

der which they were prosecuted. Thousands of reputable
citizens including nearly all the Mormon leaders were
driven into exile, and their settlements in Mexico and
Canada were greatly strengthened by emigrations from

Taylor, who had succeeded President Young at the head
of the Church, died in exile, July 25, 1887.

The administration of his successor, President Wilford
Woodruff, was signalized in September, 1890, by the is-

CRYSTAL GLEN OGDEN CANYON.

suance of the famous manifesto, discontinuing the practice
of plural marriage. An era of good feeling ensued. Mor-
mons and Gentiles affiliated socially and politically and
were friendly as never before. Local political lines were
obliterated, the old parties disbanded, and the citizens, re-
gardless of past prejudices and associations, divided on na-
tional party lines, mostly as Democrats and Republicans.
Presidents Harrison and Cleveland, in successive proclama-
tions, pardoned all polygamists, and the Mormon Church

BRIDAL VEIL FALLS PROVO CANYON.

property, amounting to nearly a million dollars, confiscat-
ed by the government during the progress of the crusade,
was restored by act of Congress to its rightful owner. Utah,
a territory since September 9, 1850, was on January 4, 1896,

Utah and Arizona during this period. President John admitted into the Union as a State.

WILD BITS OF MOUNTAIN SrKMRY
HA* KlVIk CANYON. THE MOUTH OP ICHO CANYON. OGDRN CANYON.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

PRESIDENT JOSEPH F. SMITH.

THE PRESENT head of the Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-Day Saints, is a nephew and name-sake of
Joseph Smith, the famous founder of that organiza-
tion, and a son of Hyrum Smith, the Patriarch of the Church
who fell with his brother the Prophet, pierced by the bullets
of assassins in Carthage jail. The subject of this story
was then between five and six years of age. He was born
at Far West, Missouri. November 13, 1838, in the midst
of the mob troubles that culminated in the expulsion of
the Mormon community from that State. His birth oc-
curred just eleven days after his mother had sustained

PRESIDENT JOSEPH F. ^M1TH.

a most painful parting from her husband, who, with other
Mormon leaders, at the surrender of their city, had been
betrayed into the hands of their enemies, by whom they
were court-martialed and sentenced to be shot. Through
the humane heroism of one of the Missourian officers,
(General Doniphan), who denounced the proposed deed as
cold-blooded murder, and threatened to withdraw his troops
from the scene, the sanguinary edict was rescinded;
but Hyrum Smith was still a prisoner, in the shadow
of death, when his infant son Joseph F. came into the
world.

And what a world, could those innocent eyes have
surveyed it at that moment! A father in prison for his
religion's sake; the mother prostrate in her humble cabin
home; on every side the glitter of hostile swords and bay-
onets, and far around the smoking, smouldering ruins of
ravaged fields and homesteads. Some of the mobbing
plunderers, while sacking the defenseless city, rudely
thrust themselves into the sick woman's presence, and in
their reckless search for articles of value, pulled a bed
to pieces, tossing the mattress upon another bed where

the babe lay sleeping. He was almost smothered when,
black in the face, he was rescued from his perilous posi-
tion. What wonder if some of the iron of those times
entered into the soul of that child, nursing from the breast
a wholesome hatred of mobs and tyranny that never has
been and never will be quenched!

In the exodus of the persecuted people from Missouri,
Joseph was taken by his mother, Mary Fielding Smith,
first to Quincy, Illinois, where the husband and father,
escaping from captivity, rejoined them, and afterwards to
Commerce. Hancock County, in that State, where the
Saints built their beautiful city of Nauvoo. There his
early boyhood was passed, and there he received his first
schooling. He well remembers his father, his uncle Jo-
seph, and the last time he looked upon them alive, at his
mother's home, just before they set out for Carthage to
surrender themselves into the power of those who had
decreed their destruction. He recalls, too, very vividly,
the funeral of the murdered twain, and the agony of
his Aunt Emma, who swooned at beholding the bullet-
pierced body of her husband. His mother's sorrow, though
deep, was not so demonstrative.

From their camp on the Iowa side of the Mississippi,
in September, 1846, the widow Smith and her family wit-
nessed the bombardment and defense of Nauvoo. where
a remnant of the Saints, after the beginning of the exodus
from Illinois, were besieged by an overwhelming mob
force, and after surreudering, were summarily expelled
from the city. At their camp the Smith family remained
just long enough to secure an outfit for the Westward
journey. The mother was not only brave and heroic; she
was a smart business woman, and soon had matters ar-
ranged. Herself driving one of the teams, her little son
riding a pony and bringing up the loose stock belonging to
the family and a few friends traveling with them, they
proceeded on to the Missouii River, where they remained
until the spring of 1848, and then migrated to Salt Lake
Valley, arriving here in September.

The family settled upon Mill Creek, a few miles south
of Salt Lake City, where they built a log cabin and went
to farming. There the widow resided until her death in
1852, and there Joseph lived with his brother and his
sisters until 1854, when he went upon his first mission as
an Elder of the Church. His life in Utah up to this time
had been that of the average Mormon boy; when not at
school, tilling the soil, tending stock, hauling wood from
the canyons and participating in all the toils and hardships
incident to pioneering the Western wilderness. The mis-
sion mentioned was to the Sandwich Islands. He was
gone nearly four years. Upon returning he took part in
the Echo Canyon war episode, and soon after held his first
civic office, that of sergeant-at-arms in the Territorial Leg-
islature.

In May, 1859, he married, and during the succeeding
summer fenced and farmed land west of the Jordan. From
the spring of 1860 until the fall of 1863 he was in Europe,
and part of the time was pastor over the Sheffield Dis-
trict of the British Mission. He likewise visited Scan-
dinavia. Returning across the Atlantic he narrowly es-
caped shipwreck from fogs and icebergs, but landed safe,
and in due time reached home. His next mission was his
second one to the Hawaiian Islands, whither he went in
1864 with Apostles Ezra T. Benson, Lorenzo Snow and
others, to put down an imposture that was preying upon
the credulity of the native Saints, to set in order Church

I I \!I THK INLAND 1 MP1RK

affairs and preach the Gospel. After the Apostles left,
he had charge of the Hawaiian Mission. Home again in
1865. he entered the employ of the Church as an assistant
to Its historian. Apostle George A. Smith, his kinsman.

Ordained to the Apostleship by President Brigham
Young In July, 1866, Joseph F. Smith became a member
of the Apostolic Council in October of the year following.
In 1874 and 1875 he was presiding over the Church in Eu-
rope. He was then given charge of the Davis Stake of
/.ion. until the spring of 1877, when he was again sent to
Liverpool to preside. Fiom this mission he was sum-
moned home in September of that year, owing to the death
of President Young. A year later he accompanied Apostle
Orson Pratt to the States, and wrote for publication the
incidents of their journey through scenes of early Mormon
history.

When the First Presidency, dissolved by the death
of President Young, was again organized In October. 1880,
Joseph F. Smith was chosen second counsellor to Presi-
dent John Taylor, which position he held until the death
of the latter in July. 1887, when he resumed his former
place In the quorum of the Twelve Apostles. In April,
1889. he was chosen second counsellor to President Wilford
Woodruff, and acted in that capacity until the latter's
death in September, 1898. Eleven days later he became
second counsellor to President Loren/.o Snow, officiating
as such until October, 1901, when he succeeded President
George Q. Cannon, deceased, as first counsellor: Apostle
Rudger Clawson being chosen the second. Four days later
occurred the death of President Snow, and on the 17th
of that month President Smith succeeded him as the head
of the Church, selecting Bishop John R. Winder and
Apostle Anthon H. I.und as his counsellors.

During the anti-polygamy crusade. President Smith,
in common with most of the Church leaders, spent much
of his time In exile, owing to the extreme bitterness that

liled. From October, 1884. to September. 1891. he
was not seen publicly In Utah, and was absent for a long
period In the Sandwich Islands. After the death ot

Taylor, whom he attended In exile during his last
moments, he visited the East and did much to prepare
ih. way for the changed conditions that have obtained In
I'tah since the Issuance of the manifesto suspending the
practice of polygamy. President Smith, who has several
families, was one of those who received amnesty from
President Harrison, September 10. 1891, the date of his de-
liverance from "the underground."

His rlvlc record comprises the offices of Territorial
legislator, city councilor and university regent. In all of

which he served repeatedly. As a member of the munici-
pal government he was the main mover in securing from
heirs of the late President Young Liberty Park and Pio-
Square for Salt Lake City. He was a house member
of the Legislature from 1865 to 1874 seven consecutive
terms and in 1882 was a member of the Legislative Coun-
cil, presiding over it at the latter session. He was also
president of the Constitutional Convention held the same
year.

In business President Smith is regarded as a safe and
careful financier. He has been prominent for many years
as a promoter of mercantile and industrial enterprises. He
assisted to organize Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Insti-
tution, of which he is now the head, and has been one of
its directors almost from the beginning. He is also pres-
ident of Zion's Savings Bank and Trust Company, and of
the State Bank of Utah, both of which he helped to organ-
i/.e. He was one of the originators of the Utah Sugar
Company, over which he presides. He is president of the
Consolidated Wagon and Machine Company, president of
the Utah Light and Power Company, and a director in sev-
eral other concerns. In the auxiliary organizations of the
Church he Is at the head of the Young Men's Mutual Im-
provement Association, the Deseret Sunday School Union,
the General Church Board of Education, and is editorially
connected with the "Improvement Era" and the "Juvenile
Instructor." As trustee-in-trust. he likewise controls the
Deseret Evening News, the official organ of the Church.
Among his numerous responsibilities is the presidency of
the Salt Lake Temple.

In person tall and commanding. President Smith is
cf powerful physique, and like his Prophet uncle, a natural
athlete. Intensely earnest, sensitive and high-spirited, a
foe to everything in the form of oppression, his strongest
traits of character are courage and integrity. He fears no
man. and would die before betraying a friend or sacrificing
1 is religious principles. He is a model husband and father,
anil his love for family and kindred Is proverbial. Hos-
pitable and sociable, he is fond of fun in due season, but
never allows it to Interfere with his duties. He is a good
writer and a wonderfully Impressive speaker. The latter
is his forte. Deliberate and slow of utterance until aroused,
his words then come with torrent like impetuosity, as the
roar < I the cataract and thunder-peal. Chaste in his life,
upright in his dealings, both for his revered ancestry and
his own Innate worth, aside from his exalted position,
he possesses, as few men have possessed, the love and
confidence of his people.

JOHN R. W1NDKR.

DISTIM'TIVKI.Y a business man. one of the First
Council of the Mormon Church, formerly Itlshop.
m.w President. John 11 Winder Is by birth an KIIK
lixhniiin. but has |iaed most of hi* long and useful life
in I tah and an a resident of Halt Ijike oty Ills parents.
Richard and Sophia Winder, were member* of the Church
of England, and wore residing at niddenden. In the County
of Kent, when their dlntliiKulKhed son was born. Decem-
her II. is^l He wait baptized, according to the rite* of
the KntahliHheil Church, ax an Infant, and at fourteen
yean of age was confirmed a member of the same under
the hand* of the Archblnhop of Canterbury. HP re.
but a limited education, a* he had to depend early In life
HP-HI his nwn exertions.

A leather and shoe man by vocation, at the age of
twenty he secured a situation In London at a fashionable
West End shoe store lie married en November 24, 1845.
and aliout two years later took up his residence in Liver
pool, where he had charge of a large establishment for a
iiiMit and shoe merchant named Colllnson.

Thcie. In July. 1X48, he first heard of Mormonlsm. The
manner In which it was brought to his notice was unique.
He picked up. one day In the store, a fragment of a torn-
up letter, on which were the words. "Latter-Day Saints."
Wondering what they meant, for he had never seen or
hoard the name before, he asked one of the clerks, and
was told that there was a Church In America of that name;
that they were also called "Mormons." that they had a

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

Prophet named Joseph Smith, and that a branch of the
Church held regular meetings in the Music Hall, Bold
Street, Liverpool. Curiosity impelled him to attend one
of these meetings, where he heard Elder Orson Spencer
discourse upon the first principles of the Gospel. He in-
vestigated the Mormon doctrines, became convinced of their
truth, and was baptized a Latter-Day Saint September 20,
1848. A few weeks later his wife followed him into the
Church. They were associated with the Liverpool branch
until February, 1853, when they left their native land and
sailed for America, their destination being Salt Lake City.

JOHN R. WINDER.

When about ten days out from Liverpool Mr. Winder
was taken down with smallpox, having caught it from a
child in the next apartment of the ship. He was the first
to discover the presence of the disease on board. Soon
four others were seized with it. The sick were all quar-
antined in a little house built on deck. Mrs. Winder was
thus left with three children, two of them twin babes,
to care for, without the assistance of her husband; which
was no small task on shipboard. Only one out of the five
cases proved fatal, though Mr. Winder, as he lay sick,
heard the sailors, who had just cast the dead body into
the sea, speculating upon and even predicting his early
demise. His own prophetic soul, however, told him that
he would recover and arrive safe "in Zion." Having re-
gained his health, he proceeded by way of New Orleans
and St. Louis to Keokuk, Iowa, where he joined a com-
pany of Latter-Day Saints bound for Utah. With them he
and his family crossed the plains, arriving at Salt Lake
City October 10, 1853.

He soon resumed business in the leather line, first
with Samuel Mulliner and afterwards with William Jen-
nings, conducting tanneries and manufacturing harness,
saddles, boots and shoes. Subsequently, while having as
his partners President Brigham Young and Feramorz Little
he built a tannery on Parley's Canyon Creek. About that
time he purchased his present home, Poplar Farm, in the

southern suburbs of Salt Lake, and began farming and
stock raising. In these pursuits he has always taken great
delight.

At an early day Mr. Winder became prominent as a
military man, joining the Nauvoo Legion in 1855. He was
a Captain of Lancers during the Echo Canyon campaign,
and after Johnston's army went into winter quarters at
Fort Bridger, when the militia mostly returned to their
homes, he was left with fifty men to guard the approaches
to Salt Lake Valley and sound the alarm of any new move-
ment on the part of the government troops. He was re-
lieved of vidette duty about Christmas time, but was soon
again in the saddle, raising eighty-five mounted men in
March, 1858, to assist in an Indian expedition through
Tooele Valley. Returning thence, he was again given charge
of the defenses in Echo Canyon, and remained there until
peace was declared. During the years 1865, 1866 and 1867
Captain Winder was engaged in the Black Hawk Indian
War in Sanpete County, part of the time as aid to General
Daniel H. Wells. In 1868 he collected and made up the
accounts of the expenses of that war, amounting to eleven
hundred thousand dollars, which claim was submitted to
Congress, but has never yet been paid. In the militia he
rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel.

For fourteen consecutive years, beginning with 1870,
Mr. Winder was assessor and collector of Salt Lake City,
and while holding that position he served three terms in
the City Council, from 1872 to 1878. In 1884 he resigned
as assessor and collector and was appointed water-master,
holding that office until April, 1887, when he retired to en-
ter upon his labors as second counsellor to the Presiding
Bishop of the Church, William B. Preston.

In April, 1892, Bishop Winder was given special charge
of the work of completing the Salt Lake Temple, for ded-
ication a year later. This great work he pushed through
with his usual energy and dispatch, thus enabling the
General Authorities to dedicate the splendid edifice on the
fortieth anniversary of its commencement. He was a
liberal donor to the fund which met the heavy expenses
entailed, and at the opening of the Temple was made first
assistant to President Lorenzo Snow, who was given charge
of it. He still occupies the same position under President
Joseph F. Smith. Prior to his later appointments in the
Church, Mr. Winder held successively the offices of Sev-
enty, High Priest, Bishop's Counsellor and High Councilor
of the Salt Lake Stake of Zion.

In addition to these responsibilities have rested upon
him such trusts as United States gauger in the Internal
Revenue Department, the presidency for many years of the
Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society, and under
the old political regime the chairmanship for a long period
of the Territorial and County Central Committees of the
People's Party. He was also a member of one of the ear-
ly Constitutional Conventions. He was a director of the
Utah Iron Manufacturing Company, and is now a director
of the Utah and Ogden Sugar Companies, of Z. C. M. I.,
the Deseret National Bank, the Deseret Savings Bank,
and Zion Savings Bank and Trust Company. He is pres-
ident of the Deseret Investment Company and vice-pres-
ident of the Union Light and Power Company.

Since the 17th of October, 1901, John R. Winder has
been one of the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-Day Saints, having been chosen on that
date first counsellor to President Joseph F. Smith. At the
advanced age of eighty-one years he Is still in good health,
active 'in the performance of his many duties, and seems
to enjoy life as much as in the days of his youth and prime.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

ANTHON H. LUN 7 D.

THE present Historian of the Mormon Church, who Is
also one of Its First Presidency .Is a native of Aalborg,
Denmark, where he was born May 15. 1844. He was
less than four years old when he lost his mother, who died
while his father was serving his country In the war be-
tween Denmark and Slesvlg-Holsteln. Anthon's grand-
mother, a woman of strong character and sterling qualities,
took his mother's place. After returning from the war in
1851, his father moved from Aalborg and desired to take
his son with him. but the boy pleaded to be left with his
grandmother. At the age of four he had been put to
school. Naturally Intellectual and quick to learn, he
made rapid progress. Reading became his favorite pastime.

ANTHON H. Ll'ND.

At seven he was sent to the city schools, where he gained
the first place at twelve.

Some five years before, one of his uncles had joined
the Church of .J-SIIH Christ of letter May Saints, and later
his grandmother became a member of the same body. This
iirmiKhi the boy Into contact with "the Mormons." Young
as he was. he can-fully read all their works, was convinced
of the truth of ihi-ir doctrines, and when twelve years of
age was baptized Into the Church. At thirteen he was
called to labor In the Aalhorg c..m.-ri-in . his duties I., mi:
to teach KtiKllxh to the- emigrating Saints, to distribute
tracts and assist the Elders In holding meetings. At six-
teen he was apis.intcd to preside over the Aalborg branch,
at that time one of the largest In Scandinavia; also to
act as Traveling Elder In five other branches. In these
positions be not only gained the love of the Saint*, but
was made a welcome guest at the homes of many outsiders.

At the age of eighteen Mr Lund, with his grandmother,
emigrated to I'lah. leaving Aalborg April 6. 1862. and sail-
ing from Hamburg on the jihlp "llenjamln Franklin." May
28 was the date of landing at New York, and September

23 the date of arrival at Salt Lake City. Anthon now
parted from hla grandmother, who Joined her son at Cedar
City, he himself preferring Sanpete as a place of resi-
dence, as he had many friends there. At Fairview he
worked at farm labor for three months, and then moved
to Mount Pleasant, where he engaged in various pursuits.
He was not idle a day. John Barton of that town having
offered him a home in his family if he would be a tutor
to his children, the young man accepte.1 the offer and con-
tinued to reside with the Bartons until he married. In
1864 he was a teamster to the Missouri River and back,
bringing emigrants to Utah; in the winter of 1864-5 he
taught school, and the next year clerked in a store.

In the fall of 1865 Ant lion H. Lund responded to a call
made by President Brigham Young for a certain number
of young men to come to Salt Lake City and study teleg-
raphy under the veteran operator John Clowes. Among
his fellow students were Moses Thatcher and John Henry
Smith. The call In question was issued in anticipation of
the establishment of the Deseret Telegraph Line, upon
which Mr. Lund In 1866 became a regular operator at Mt.
Pleasant. He continued as such for three years. In con-
nection with his telegraph office he conducted a photograph
gallery, and in 1868 to his other duties were added those
of secretary of the local co-operative institution. He was
also elected a member of the first City Council of that
place.

The 2nd of May, 187U, was Mr. Lund's wedding day.
He married Miss Sarah Ann Peterson, daughter of Bishop
Canute Peterson, of Ephraim, to which town he now re-
moved, not without many regrets for the severance of so-
cial and business ties at Mount Pleasant The year after
his marriage he went upon a mission to his native land,
accompanying his father-in-law, who was sent to preside
over the Church In Scandinavia. Mr. I.und was absent
about seventeen months, having charge of the Copenhagen
office of the European Mission, and would have remained
longer but for the serious illness of his wife, which caused
him to he summoned home.

After another winter at his favorite occupation of
M In <>l teaching, he took charge as head clerk of the
Ephralm co-operative store. He soon was made its su-
perintendent, and continued to be for ten years, during
which period It hecaine one of the best and soundest In-
stitutions of Its kind. The stock, which was down to 50
cents on the dollar when he took charge, paid the first
year 12% per cent., the second year 15 per cent., and for
many years thereafter 2."> per cent, in dividends. In 1883
came another mission to Kurn|-. here he succeeded Chris-
tian I). FJelsted as president of the Scandinavian mission.
He had previously been a High Councilor and the clerk of
Sanpete Stake, also superintendent of the Ephralm Sunday
Schools. He remained abroad until November, 1885. and
returned home to learn that he had been elected. In view
of his early release from his mission, a member of the
Territorial Legislature He served during the session
of 1886. and was returned In ixxx. when he Introduced in
the House of Hepi. , his dills for the establish-

ment r the |{.-f. UN School and the Agricultural College.
duth of which became law.

In INKS he was made Vice President of the Mantl Tem-
ple, and at the death of IU President. Daniel H. Wells.
In March. 1891. was chosen his successor. His call to the
Apostleshlp came In October. 1889. From 1893 to 1896
he presided over the Kuro|>ean Mission, and In 1897 visited

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

the Orient for the purpose of fully organizing the Turkish
Mission and looking out a suitable spot for the coloniza-
tion of native Latter-Day Saints in the Land of Palestine.
After due investigation it was decided to abandon the col-
onizing scheme, or defer its execution, owing to the in-
stability of the Turkish government and the insufficiency
of its guarantees. Apostle Lund, during his travels in the
Levant, became well acquainted with the country and its
conditions, knowledge which has proved of great value to
him. He returned home in June, 1898.

The close of the year 1899 brought with it his appoint-
ment to the responsible position of Church Historian, to
which he succeeded at the death of Franklin D. Richards;
also succeeding him as President of the State Genealogical
Society. He had previously been acting as Superintendent
of Religion Classes, and as one of the original members
of the General Church Board of Education; places held by
him at the present time. In October, 1901, he was chosen
second counsellor to President Joseph F. Smith, by virtue
of which appointment he became one of the First Presi-
dency of the Church.

President Lund, though not mainly a business man,
is an able man of affairs, as his past successes show.
He is a director of Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Insti-
tution, of Zion's Savings Bank and Trust Company, of the
Saltair Beach Company and of various other concerns.
His most decided leanings are literary, and had not his
education been suspended in childhood by his early call
into the ministry, he might have shone as a linguist and
a man of letters. As it is he has had editorial experience,
first upon three papers simultaneously at Copenhagen, and
afterwards upon the "Millennial Star" at Liverpool. As
Church Historian he with his assistants is now engaged in
the important task of preparing for publication the His-
tory of the Church, the first volume of which has already
been issued. He is a man of general intelligence, noted
for the clearness of his views and the soundness of his
judgment; while the purity of his life, the uprightness of
his character, with the mildness, magnanimity and sweet
charitableness of his disposition, make him beloved where-
ever known and render him popular with all his associates.

REED SMOOT.

IT WILL not be disputed that the mingling of
Caucasian nationalities by intermarriage has a

tendency to improve and regenerate, and that the
highest type of white man is the composite type,
blending in one lineage the best qualities of many.
The worlU .lominating Anglo-Saxon, with his points
of physical, mental, moral and spiritual excellence,
is a result of race amalgamation a mixture of Celt,
Briton, Saxon, Norman and Dane; the typical American is
the joint product of the best and most enlightened peoples
on earth; and history is but repeating itself in creating the
typical son of Utah, by a union of forces and powers sure
to make for the general betterment of mankind.

Reed Smoot is a typical son of Utah, of all States In
the Union the one which has done most to fulfill the an-
cient forecast of gathering her sons from far and her
daughters from the ends of the earth. He descends from
two great races, both composite in character, both famous
for their sterling qualities and the inestimable service
they have rendered civilization. His father was of the
Anglo-Saxon stock that peopled the eastern shores of North
America and founded the mightiest of human governments;
while his mother was of a lineage more ancient still, her
ancestors being the adventurous Norsemen, the first Eu-
ropean discoverers of this continent. Abraham Owen
Smoot, a power in the founding of Utah, and a social and
financial pillar of the commonwealth as long as he lived,
was born in the State of Kentucky; and Anna Kerstina
Morrison Smoot was a native of Brekka, Norway. Both
were of heroic mould and mettle, and their distinguished
son inherits many of their noblest qualities.

In person Mr. Smoot is tall and well proportioned,
though his unusual stature makes him appear almost slen-
der in frame. He moves with the rapid, energetic stride
characteristic of the rustling business man; and business
man he is emphatically. Punctuality itself, always keep-
ing his appointments, he is a stern critic of men who waste
other men's time by failing to promptly keep theirs. He
possesses a fearless candor, but is prudent, respectful,
courteous and considerate. While not destined to shine
as an orator or a writer, he expresses himself well both
by tongue and pen. His genius is practical and progres-

sive. As a financier and an executive his talents are of
the first order.

APOSTLE REED SMOOT.

A native of Salt Lake City, where he was born Jan-
uary 10, 1802 about midway of his father's twelve years
period of Mayoralty he was but ten years old when he
removed with his parents to Provo, where his father was
also Mayor, and simultaneously President of the Utah
Stake of Zion. There he has ever since resided. He sup-
plemented the training received in the ward schools of
Salt Lake City, by attendance at the Timpanogas branch
of the University of Deseret. an institution succeeded by

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

the Brigbam Young Academy, which owes Its existence to
three men: Brigham Young. Abraham Owen Smoot and
Karl G. Maeser. Reed was one of twenty-nine students
with which the Academy, in April, 1876, began its flrst
term. Passing through all the higher branches then taught
at the institution, he was at one time the only student in
its academic department, from which he was graduated
in 1879.

From a boy he had determined to be a financier and
a commercial pillar in the community. All his instincts
and inclinations were that way, and as scon as he was old
enough to form a plan, to mark out a career, that was the
end at which he aimed. He inherited from both parents
financial tact, business acumen and executive ability, along
with that industrious nature and continuity of purpose
which are the main secrets of every man's success. Having
such an ambition, he studied, while at school, principally
along commercial lines, and at intervals, mainly during
vacations, worked in the Provo Woolen Mills, of which his
father was the founder during the year of Reed's removal
to Provo. He worked in every department, thereby ob-
taining a practical insight into manufacture. Upon enter-
Ing the mills this lad of fourteen or fifteen formed the
characteristic resolve of one day becoming their manager;
an ambition realized some years later.

His first position after leaving school was a humble
one in the Provo Co-operative Institution, the first store
of Its kind established under the impetus of the great co-
operative movement projected by President Brigham Young
In 1868. Beginning at the bottom of the ladder, he went
to work sacking fruit, sorting potatoes and doing other odd
Jobs about the place. His father, entering the store one
day. said jokingly to the superintendent, R. C. Kirkwood,
"I see you have Ueed here, but I guess he won't stay with
you very long." Reed overheard the remark, and though
it was not unkindly meant, It caused the youthful sacker
of potatoes to set his teeth doggedly and inwardly deter-
mine, "I'll stay here till I am superintendent of this in-
stitution." In less than eighteen months the prediction
was fulfilled. In September. 1880. he became superinten-
dent of the "Provo Co-op," and remained such until April,
1884, when he was made manager of the Provo Woolen
Mills, thus realizing his previous resolve. Between these
appointments two calls came to the mission field, but both
were rescinded by the Church authorities, as his services
were needed at home. Simultaneously with the second re-
lease he was given a five years' mission as manager of the
Woolen Mills.

Reed Smoot's first personal business venture was the
pun-hase. with N. C. Larsen, In December, 1883. of the
drug department of the Provo Cooperative Institution. A
year later he bought his partner's half Interest and became
sole owner of the successful business now conducted under
the name of the Smoot Drug Company. He next went Into
the sheep business, at which he made more money than
at anything else, and was also lucky In real estate deals,
especially at the time of "the boom" (1888-9), which favored
H<> few and ruined so many.

Up to this time, barring a brief trip with his father to
the Sandwich Islands (May to July. 1880). he had never
I'-ft his native land, though he had vlitlted on business
nearly every State In the Union. In the fall of 1890 he
wiii n|Kin a mission to K'mi|..-. lalmriiiK principally while
abroad as bookkeeper and emigration rl<>rk at the letter-
Day Saints' office In Liverpool. While there he became well
acquainted with the leading officials of the Oulon Steam-
nhlp l.ln.-. which for many years handled the bulk of the
Mormon emigration from that port. He was a great fa-

vorite with Manager George Ramsden. Mr. John A.
Marsh, the head man of the Guion Company, appointed
him his agent as a passage broker, which position, though
it brought no salary, was of advantage to the emigratlonal
interests of the Church. While he was acting in this ca-
pacity the change was made by which Mormon emigrants
were provided with intermediate, in lieu of the usual steer-
age passage across the Atlantic. Before returning to Amer-
ica he visited various parts of Great Britain, and toured
the Continent, passing through Belgium, Holland, Germany,
Switzerland, Italy and France.

Summoned home by the serious Illness of his father. Reed
assisted him for a short time after his arrival (October 1,
1891), as manager of the Provo Lumber Manufacturing
and Building Company, one of the industries established
by President Smoct; and the next spring he resumed his
former position as manager of the Woolen Mills. He
now launched out in business more extensively than
ever. He was the main promoter of the Provo Commercial
and Savings Bank, and its flrst President, which position,
with that of manager of the Woolen Mills, he still holds.
He also engaged in mining, built several business blocks,
and became a director in various important concerns.
He was one of the original incorporates of the famous
Grand Central mine, and became VIce-President of that
and the Victoria Mining Companies. From March, 1894,
until the advent of Statehood, he served, by appointment
of Governor Caleb W. West, as a director of the Territorial
Asylum for the Insane; and after Utah entered the Union,
was appointed by Governor Heber M. Wells a member of
the Semi-Centennlal Commission, which conducted so suc-
cessfully the great Pioneer Jubilee.

Two years prior to that event, in April. 1805, he had
been appointed second counselor to Edward Partridge,
who had succeeded Reed's father (deceased) as President
of Utah Stake. He served in that capacity until called
to the Apostleship. five years later. While a member of
the Utah Stake Presidency, he secured the means, by dona-
tion from the people of the Stake, that paid off the debt
then hanging over the unfinished Stake Tabernacle, which
was completed through his labors In a similar direction.
He also solicited subscriptions for. and was the main In-
strument in, the erection of the new College Hall, an ad-
junct to his alma mater, the Academy. Of this now flour-
ishing Institution, an account of whose heroic struggles
for life would flll a volume, he Is one of the Board of Trus-
tees and a member of the Executive Committee.

It can be truly sai.l of Reed Smoot that he never sought
ecclesiastical preferment, and up to within a very short
time, never cherished a political ambition. He has worked
honestly and faithfully at whatever he had In hand in-
dustry and continuity being bis watchwords, recognized
by him even while a boy as keys to prosperity and success
and his talents and labors alone have recommended him
for promotion. This accounts for the general fooling of
satisfaction manifested by the vast multitude assembled
In General Conference. Sunday afternoon. April 8. 1900.
when his name was presented to the congregation, which
voted iimiiiiiiiouslv. heart and hand, to sustain him as one
of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of
I.atter-Day Saints. Apostle Smoot has been a married
man since September 17. 1884. when he wedded Miss Alpha
M. Mldredge. daughter of General Horace S. Eldredge. one
of Utah's leading commercial men. and In his Church one
of the First Seven Presidents of Seventies. Six children
have blessed their union, which has been a happy one.
In politics Mr. Smoot Is a staunch Republican, and has
f inly announced his candidacy for the United States
Senate.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

WILLIAM BOWKER PRESTON.

IN HIS search for data the historian of the West finds
cause for felicitation in the fact that, of the old pio-
neers whose careers have been most closely inter-
woven with the growth of civilization, so many are still
living and enjoying the vigorous manhood which so well
befits the dauntless spirit which won them places in his-
tory. In presenting the following brief biography, the
writer finds no less pleasure in the fact that its subject
has attained honor and prominence in the commonwealth
he has helped to build.

William Bowker Preston is a native of Franklin coun-
ty, Virginia, where he was born, November 24, 1830. He
received his education in the public schools of the day,
and spent his time as did most lads of the early part of
the century, his father being a well-to-do farmer and

Valley, where for many years he was engaged in actively
colonizing the fertile country tributary to Logan. He was
one of the original founders of that prosperous little city,
in the spring of 1860. Two years later he was elected to
the legislature and served to the satisfaction of his con-
stituents. He has been an extensive traveler in this and
foreign countries and has acquired a fund of knowledge
that is almost inexhaustible.

In 1869, during the building of the Union Pacific Rail-
road, he was a sub-contractor, under Brigham Young, in
Echo Canon, and was thus engaged until the completion
of the road, in '69. He again served in the legislature in
'76, '78, '80 and '82. In 1871 the Utah and Northern Rail-
road was projected. In this Bishop Preston was one of
the leading spirits, and under the advice and direction of

BISHOP WILLIAM BOWKKR PRKSTON.

planter in Virginia. Up to the age of nineteen young Pres-
ton assisted his father upon the farm, when, being an am-
bitious youth, he determined to enter mercantile pur-
suits. He secured employment as clerk in a store in the
vicinity of his home, where he remained some time, later
moving to Lynchburg, where he continued clerking until
attaining his majority, in 1852.

The wondrous tales of gold from California were at
that time attracting the attention of the entire country,
and thither young Preston made his way, having a desire
for travel and seeing the cosmopolitan throngs that were
flocking to California, arriving there at the age of twenty-
two. He became impressed with the fertility of the Cali-
fornia soil, and engaged in ranching and stock-raising in
Yola county, where for the ensuing five years he met
with gratifying success. In that year, however, in company
with other Californians, neighbors of his, he came to Utah,
arriving here on New Year's Day, 1853, after having crossed
the desert from Southern California. He settled in Cache

President Young, perhaps did more than any one else
in uniting the people of Cache Valley, upon the completion
of the project. He also discharged the duties of Vice-Pres-
ident and Superintendent of the road until it was sold to
the Union Pacific.

William B. Preston has ever been active in the best
inteiests of the community in which he lives, and has
held many positions of honor and trust in the Church.
He was called to the present high position he occupies
by the death of Presiding Bishop Edward Hunter, the
general conference of April 6, 1884, conferring the honor
upon him. The career of Bishop Preston has been the
career of a man who has the faculty to avoid mistakes,
the attributes of character which not only proclaim
him a man in whose hands private affairs are safe, but,
as well, a fit custodian of the interests of a community
and of a state. It is this which has called him from private
life into the position he now holds, and given to the people
of Utah an able and trusted servant

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

HEBER M. WELLS.

Y INSTINCT and education Heber M. Wells, who two
years ago was elected to succeed himself as Governor
of Utah, is first of all a thoroughgoing American in

t.U\ KKNOK HHI. K M. U t I I -

every fibre of his body. In years. Mr. Wells Is In the zenith
of a young manhood, having been born In Salt Lake City on

All of his Interests and ventures from earliest boy-
hood until the present time have been centered in Utah
and he has been one of Utah's most prominent citizens for
years. From 1882 to 1890 he served as recorder of Salt
Lake City. He has served two years as a member of the
Board of Public Works of Salt Lake City ; was Secretary
of the Constitutional Convention of 1887, and was a mem-
ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1895, which framed
the Constitution of the State of Utah. He was the Republi-
can nominee for Mayor of Salt Lake City in 1892, but was
defeated by R. N. Baskin, the Liberal candidate. He has
served the people of Utah as Governor for seven years
with satisfaction to all classes and was renominated for
that high office by acclamation, a distinction that comes
to but few men.

Heber M. Wells is a recognized leader among men, a
man who has been eminently successful in whatever enter-
prise has enlisted his energies. In his private life and
among friends and acquaintances he is universally ad-
mired and respected for his sterling worth and good fellow-
ship. He has given liberally of his substance and best
thought toward party success, and is ever in the front
ranks caampioning Republican principles, a love of which
he inherited from his distinguished father, Hon. Daniel
H. Wells. The latter Is generally known among the people
of Utah as the "Father of Republicanism," throughout the
state. By observation and experience he has been taught
that the perpetuation of American principles and ideas lies
in our free public school system, and as such he is its
warm supporter and advocate. He is a staunch friend of
law and order, and while recognizing the cause of orga-
nized labor, he is opposed to all unlawful methods and
violence In seeking to redress real or imaginary wrongs.
He Is a firm believer In the greatest individual liberty on
all matters pertaining to religion and politics; he believes
in the doctrine of protection to American industries; is
an ardent supporter of home industry and desires to see
the resources of Utah developed to their highest possi-

CITV AND COUNTY l'll.l>IV.

the llth day of Annual. 1859. Hit education was obtained
In the public RchcHiln of Salt Lake City and the University
of Utah.

i.lliilrH. and, above all. his loyalty and patriotism to the
principles of our forefather!), who founded this govern-
ment, can never be questioned.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

THOMAS R. CUTLER.

THIRTY-EIGHT years ago there arrived at Salt Lake
City, as a convert to Mormonism and an im-
migrant to the latter-day Zion, a young Eng-
lishman a little over twenty years of age, who,
trained as a mercantile clerk in his native land,
had driven an ox-team across the plains and moun-
tains to Utah. As if to emphasize the irony of the
situation, which demanded of our early settlers, whatever
their predilections and past experiences, that they adapt
themselves to their primitive surroundings and become
"all things to all men," his first employment in his new home
was "digging carrots on shares," in order to supply him-
self, directly or indirectly, with means of subsistence dur-
ing the approaching winter. Fortunately for himself and
for those partly dependent upon him, this youth pos-

BISHOP THOMAS R. CUTLER.

sessed to a remarkable degree those powers of adaptability
which, in a country such as this was, constituted one of
the surest passports to success, and indeed has ever been
a most prominent factor in the expansion and development
of the great West. Added to this quality was a natural
inclination to industry, combined with business tact and
strong tenacity of puipose; and to these gifts, supplement-
ed by honorable and upright dealing, this man, now in
the prime of life, owes his present social and financial
standing.

Thomas Robinson Cutler, vice-president and mana-
ger of the Utah Sugar Company, and a pillar of strength
in various other prosperous business concerns, was born
in Sheffield. England, June 2, 1844. It may be noted as
a double coincidence that his father, John Cutler, was a
cutler by trade in that famed center of English industry
where cutlers "most do congregate." The boy derived
his middle name from his mother, Elizabeth Robinson Cut-

ler, the amiable, faithful and devoted companion of his
equally worthy father. Thomas received an ordinary
education, and at the age of fifteen, ambitious to be self-
sustaining, and these tendencies being to a commercial
life, he entered the employ of a large wholesale and for-
eign mercantile house, that of S. and J. Watts & Co., Man-
chester. There he remained until March, 1864, when, the
family having become Latter-Day Saints, he severed his
connection with the concern in order to accompany his
parents to Utah. He was one of four brothers who emi-
grated at that time, three of whom are still living and
are prominent in Utah business circles. Two sisters com-
pleted the family party, which, sailing from Liverpool in
April of that year, safely accomplished the ocean voyage
and overland journey and arrived at Salt Lake City on
the 6th of October.

As soon as practicable after his arrival Mr. Cutler
again turned his attention to commercial pursuits, and
in the year 1865, having settled in Utah County, he be-
came an employe of the T. and W. Taylor Mercantile Com-
pany of Lehi, where he has ever since resided. He re-
mained with the Taylors for several years, and then en-
gaged in the cattle and sheep business and other pursuits.
Two or three years later, in April, 1872, he organized the
People's Co-operative Institution of Lehi, a successful
business house, which has never failed to pay dividends
from the day of its organization. He is still the president
of that prosperous institution, and acted as its manager
until the year 1889, when he accepted the management of
the Utah Sugar Company, whose phenomenal success has
been largely due to his rare business sagacity and inde-
fatigable labors in its behalf. In the year 1899 he organized
the Lehi Commercial and Savings Bank, of which he is
still a director. He is also a director of the Provo Woolen
Mills, the most successful enterprise of its kind yet es-
tablished in Utah, and is connected in a similar capacity
with the Cutler Brothers Company of Salt Lake City. He
has also engaged to some extent in mining. He is a mar-
ried man, with a large and interesting family, and since
September 5, 1879, has held the highest ecclesiastical po-
sition in the Lehi Ward, that of Bishop. While not a pro-
fesional politician, he has been active in the interests of
the Republican party in Utah, and has been prominently
connected with the Lehi city government.

Bishop Cutler is a natural financier, instinctively a busi-
ness man, of quick and far-reaching calculation. As a re-
sult he is well-to-do. He would be wealthy if he was less
generous and sympathetic, his disposition in that direction
amounting almost to a fault; if such qualities can be called
faults. His heart is ever open and his hand ever ready to
help the unfortunate. Always a faithful and conscientious
employee, as an overseer and director of men he shines
conspicuously. He is a good judge of character, his sys-
tem and discipline are thorough, and his industry pro-
verbial. He will work night and day when necessary
to promote the interests of any cause with which he
may be identified. Though never robust, he has always
been energetic, and at the age of fifty-eight is still in
sound health, and "on the up-grade" physically as well
as mentally, thanks to the open-air employment required
by his general oversight of the beet-growing, sugar-making
industry with which he is connected. In spite of his
great activity, Mr. Cutler is of a modest, retiring nature,
and is an amiable, affable gentleman, much esteemed
throughout the community.

UTAH THE INLAND I Ml'IRI.

l.'/RA THOMPSON.

NOWHERE tn the world can man make his way
upward from the humble walks of life to
places of honor and emolument like he can
tn the West. Time and again It has been shown
that the boy whose earlier days were marked with
struggles and privation has been able to carve his name
higher upon the tablet of fame than the one who was
nursed and cradled In the lap of ease and luxury. This
Is not only true of the West, but of the East and elsewhere
as well. But the opportunity to rise has been greater in
the hitherto undeveloped West than elsewhere. And after

any such thoughts they were focused on the future. He did
not expect that he would be able to get rich all at once,
nor did he anticipate that he could accumulate wealth with-
out the application of the energy with which he was en-
dowed. He was willing to take the path that led to ultimate
success even though it took hard work, close figuring and
long years to traverse It.

Park City in those days was coming to the front as the
producer of the precious minerals. It was sending a veri-
table stream of silver Into the pockets of its fortunate
owners. The camp being without the necessary railroad

MAVOK K/.KA I H<'\ll'-i>v

all It IB opportunity that tests and makes the man. That
opportunity may come suddenly and unexpectedly or It
may paM slowly by and be of a duration more or less pro-
tracted. In either event It requires a mind of tenacity
to grasp and cling to It until carried along to success.

Such a mind had Ezra Thompson. When a young man
be observed the opening and development of the mines
of Utah. More than that, he saw the streams of metallic
wealth that commenced to flow Into trade channels. Mi-
know that there wan not an nim-h money hero an then-
should be. He knew, too, that he was one of those who
did not have the quota that would enable him to take the
place In the business world that he would like to oc> npy
But In the new Industry he saw what to him was an oppor-
tunity. He had no capital aside from the native pluck
that has characterized his career, and therefore did imi
attempt to become a mine owner all at once. If he had

facilities required a van I amount of team and wagon freight-
Ing. And It was there that K/.ra Thompson concluded to
take the chance that many another man had permitted to
pass, and that some selr.ed only to find that they hail made
a mistake.. Not so with him. He understood men thor-
oughly, and knew how to handle them. Not a man In the
district was a l>eii"r judge O f horses or a more shrewd
buyer of them than he. CiinHei|iiently Ire made money out
( f Hi.- ore- hauling business. He kept at It and made more
inoiiiA Iliri Ire dlil not go Into wild cat uncertainties and
- h in.'* with It. When he Invested It was with the knowl-
edge that every dollar pnl In would bring him more than
Its equivalent. That Is a good while ago, but It Is a rule
of his life and the principal key to the continued SIK-CCRB
he has enjoyed.

The flrst mining property with which he was connected
In an ownership way was the old Northland and Nevada.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

which joined fortune with the Silver King to eventually be
absorbed by the latter company. Mr. Thompson is today
one of the greatly favored few who have substantial hold-
ings in this famous bonanza. But like the other owners of
this great mine, he puts his dividends into Utah property;
and like them he has the utmost confidence in the state's
future. He is also interested in another money-making
property in Park City. In fact, he is one of its principal
stockholders, as well as being a director in it. This is
the Daly- West, now pouring out its millions into the treas-
ure boxes of its fortunate owners. In October, this year,
Mr. Thompson, with associates, organized the Thompson

Thompson was born in this city. The fact that he first
beheld the light on July 17, 1850, presupposes the fact that
he was of pioneer parentage. It was in Salt Lake that he
spent the most of his boyhood days and it was here that
he obtained his education in the district schools. It was
while living here that he saw the possibilities that Park
City offered, and thither he went. While he lived there he
was recognized as a solid citizen, and took some little in-
terest in politics, serving two terms in the City Council.
Upon returning to Salt Lake, he was induced by his friends
to enter the arena. He was very reluctant to do so but
being persuaded, he soon proved that he could be success-

', *<

RESIDENCE OK MAYOR EZRA THOMPSON.

Mining Company. The company owns 50 acres of patented
ground in the famous Park City district, adjoining such
well known dividend payeis as the Quincy, Little Bell,
J. I. C. and the Daly-Judge. The company was capitalized
for $500,000 at $1 per share, with the following gen-
tlemen upon its directorate: Ezra Thompson, president
and manager; J. C. Lynch, a director; W. S. McCornick
and J. D. Murdock, also directors, who. with Hon. A. L.
Thomas, complete the list. In addition to his Park City
holdings Mayor Thompson has valuable interests on the
west of the Wasatch range in the region of the Cotton-
woods, and is among those who believe that there is much
wealth there.

Although a resident of Park City for many years Mr.

fill in politics as well as in business. He is now serving
his second term as mayor of Salt Lake. In each case he
was elected by a big majority over a strong opponent. His
administration has been over a period fraught with grave
public difficulties, but his careful regard for the trust im-
posed upon him has caused him to steer the municipal ship
over the breakers without being subjected to extreme dan-
ger. Mayor Thompson's interest in the affairs of Salt Lake
City is but natural, as he is the owner of valuable busi-
ness and city property in it himself. His first term 're-
flected marked credit upon his administrative judgment
and ability. His second will do the same, for he not only
represents the political party that elected him. but the
whole public, as he is the mayor of the people.

UTAH THF. INLAND LMPIRK

WILLIAM S. McCORNICK.

THKKE Is an element of character In some men which
Impels them to success, not through the blunders of
fortune or the possession of means, but through the
commanding virtues judgment, perseverance, honor. The
West has been a rich field of opportunities for such men.
and It Is not surprising that we find them so conspicuous
among those who have reaped a harvest of gold In this In-
land Empire Utah. Among those who may be enrolled un-
der this head. Hon. W. 8. McCornlck stands foremost and

when reports of the famous Comstock lode and the won-
derful strikes In Nevada mines reached his ears, Mr.
McCornick decided to migrate to the new Mecca, and.
accordingly, the same year found him a resident of Ne-
vada, where be became actively engaged in mining
and lumbering, devoting most of the time to his lumber
Interests. After years of successful work in mining
ami lumbering, during which he acquired the foun-
dation for his present fortune, and operated in Virginia

wil I I XM -. M inMt k.

pre-eminent, and as such Is no less worthy of presentation
M one among the state's most energetic and progressive
mra of affairs.

William 8. MrCornlrk owes his nativity to Canada,
having been born in the province of Ontario. HIM parly
boyhood days were spent with his parents upon the farm,
and re divided between the duties of most lads of the
day and puiult of the elementary studies now taught In
the grammar grade*. He was an ambitious youth, and.
when a mere boy. determined to go forth Into the world
for hlmwlf and hew out In. f.,itui>. Yi. Ming to the
overwhelming Impulse, be l-ft home at the age of 22.
and dirwieii bin nil-pit in the (.olden Went, at that time
the Merra of all ambitious youths of the day. Arriving
In California, afior many and varied experlencM ra route,
yoang MrCornlrk at once engaged In ranching, which or-
rnpaikit) be followed for the ensuing two years. In 1M2.

y Austin. Hamilton. H- liimiit and most of the principal
mining ramps of the state, he removed to Salt 1-ake City In
1873.

Mr. M rornicK has lx<en a resident of Salt Lake City
for nearly thirty yearn, and the banking Institution which
he Mtabllshed In 1x7:1 under the head of McCornlck ft Co.
has grown from a small beginning to the proud distinction
"I lii-tnu the lance*! private bankliiK house between the
Missouri Hlver and the I'arinc Coast. The handsome
and Imposing seven-story gray stone luilldlng in which the
bank ha* been located for the past ten years, stands as a
nintiiimrat to Its enterprise and |>rogreMlvene*s. The
i-Ktlmatliin and confidence in which the bank Is held In
I'tah. Idaho. Nevada and adjacent states are reflected In
the deposits, which aggregate the ennrmoim sum of $5.000.-
000.00. This trust has never been betrayed, and In 1893,
when a spirit of Insecurity pervaded financial circles

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

throughout the country, the banking house of McCornick
& Company of Salt Lake City stood intact, meeting all
claims as they were presented and demonstrating that no
crisis or disaster can endanger the interests of which this
venerable and stable institution is the custodian.

Mr. McCornick had been in Utah for nearly ten years
before he became actively engaged in mining operations.
Since 1887 he has devoted much of his time and capital
to the development of the immense mining interests of this
state. He is associated with many of the best known and
most successful mining men of the West in such properties
as the famous Silver King, the marvel of the mining world,
the Daly and the Daly-West, mines the tale of whose wealth
is told in millions, the Centennial-Eureka, and the Grand
Central, another Utah property of prominence. Outside of
the state he is a heavy holder of the stock of the celebrated
Tom Boy mine cf Telluride, Colorado, whose fame has
girdled the globe. He is also associated in numerous other
mining deals, of lesser importance, situated in nearly
every mining locality of Utah, Idaho and Nevada. The
American Smelting and Refining Company's stock has
proven an attraction for him, and he is heavily interested
in the great corporation, and has been largely influential
in bringing about the expenditure of the vast sums recently
made by the management of that organization, in improve-
ments in their plants located in this state. He is also a
director and stockholder in the Bingham Consolidated
Smelting and Refining Company.

Had Mr. McCornick done no more than to give the
state a stable financial institution, his services would have
been inestimable, but he has fostered enterprises moie far-
reaching in their effect upon the growth and prosperity of
Utah. In connection with Senator W. A. Clark and other
prominent capitalists, he is devoting much time to the
completion of the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake
Railroad, work upon which is progressing most satisfac-
torily. He is a stockholder and a director in the affairs
of the company, and has great confidence in the benefits
which Southern California and Utah will derive from the
completion and operation of this short line. He was one of
the organizers of the Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Com-
pany, which has placed Salt Lake City within speaking
distance of the East and the West, and is the treasurer
of this company at the present time. He was also one
of the organizers and president of the Gold Belt Water
Company, which supplies water to the mines and town of
Mercur. Cattle interests of the state have not been neg-
lected, and we find him the president of the Raft River
Land and Cattle Company, with immense holdings and
herds in the state of Idaho. In addition to being the head
of the great Salt Lake City Banking House which bears
his name, he is president of the First National Bank at
Logan, Utah, vice-president of the First National Bank of
Nephi, Utah, a director and stockholder of the First
National Bank of Park City, a director and stockholder In
the Bannock National Bank, Pocatello, Idaho, the president
of the Utah Savings and Trust Company of this city, and

treasurer and a director of the great Silver King Mining
Company, also occupying a similar position with the
Daly-West Mining Company. His name is associated with
local enterprises too numerous to mention in detail, but all
of which have redounded to the welfare of Salt Lake City.
Besides those with which his name is connected, he has
furnished the capital for scores of enterprises that, but
for his liberal aid, would never have been inaugurated or,
at best, would have proved failures. This brings into prom-
inence the generous side of Mr. McCornick's nature, and it
commands the admiration of the character student no less
than that element which has made him eminent as a finan-
cier. What he does for his fellow man is the expression
of generous and noble impulse, and is done as inconspicu-
ously as possible.

For the past thirteen years Mr. McCornick has been
president of the State Agricultural College board of trus-
tees, and in that capacity has accomplished much that has
redounded directly to the benefit of the college and indi-
rectly to the state at large. It has been a constant source
of pride to successfully direct the affairs of the institution,
which is supported by both Federal and state appropria-
tions, augmented by small matriculation fees. This insti-
tution under the direction of Mr. McCornick has reached
a standard of excellence that has spread beyond the con-
fines of the state. Mr. McCornick enjoys the distinction
of being one of the prime movers in and the first president
of the Alta Club, a social organization of wealthy business
men, whose clubhouse is one of the most handsomely ap :
pointed of any west of Chicago. Upon the formation of
the Chamber of Commerce, several years ago, he was
unanimously tendered the presidency, and during his
incumbency he wrought many changes all of which proved
beneficial to the city. Twice prompted by a spirit of duty
toward the city he accepted a membership in the City
Council, at a time when the ship of state was sadly in
need of able counsel and sound business principles to
bring it forth from threatened ruin. But Mr. McCornick
is not a politician. It has been marveled that a man
possessing the wealth and influence of Mr. McCornick could
have avoided drifting into state and national politics. Few
men similarly situated would have withstood the tempta-
tion, but if political honors were a temptation to Mr. Mc-
Cornick we cannot say. Certain it is that there has not
been a time in the statehood of Utah that he might not
have accepted preferment in the political realm with the
enthusiastic applause of his fellow citizens, regardless of
party affiliation. Whatever his estimate of their value,
he has never permitted political possibilities to deflect
him from his chosen sphere of usefulness. From this it
must not be inferred that he takes no interest in politics,
for, on the contrary, he is a staunch Republican, and an
able defender of the tenets of nis party.

Scores of names are inscribed on Utah's scroll of fame,
but none is better entitled to the distinction than William
S. McCornick, nor are there many after whom the youth of
the State may pattern with better profit to themselves.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

FRANK KNOX.

SALT l.AKK CITY, while surrounded by the advantages
with which a bountiful nature has endowed this sec-
tlun. owe* much of Its growth and prosperity to the
Indomitable pluck and tenacity of the far-seeing and per-
severing men of business and finance who have cast their

the early age of sixteen, and they found gratification In
his securing a situation in the First National Bank of
Washington. Iowa, where he began as messenger and run-
ner, and remained for several years. The duties of bank
messengers in those days were more arduous and respon-

\\K KNOX.

kH with UM city and Invented their mean* In tho develop-
ment of UM laduMHn. at our donr Tii- M> rialmn many
MMfe. and proBlMOt among ihi-m Is the subjwi of thin

i. 00* of to* ritt . |cmlln financier*.
Mr. Knox OWM bl nativity tn Iowa, a Bute that ha
furnlnhod many inflm-mlal 'Itlxvns to ih- My nf hu adop-
tloo. Ills Inrlinati'in* turnwi insllnctlvHy to finance at

Kiiil<> than now. That was before the era of the clearing
hnu*. the li'li-phoni- mul nnniborlms other ronvenlences
of HHK|. in imxini-HH with which wp are so familiar as to
nnnldfr mailer of i-ourni> Thon the bank messenger
was lh<- cotirlor nf all mcusagps. Important and trivial,
ml wan frequently rhargnl with Hi., delivery of valuable
commercial paper. So conscientiously and satisfactorily

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

did young Knox discharge the duties incumbent upon him,
that he won successive promotions and was, at the time
of his resignation, Assistant and Acting Cashier, in which
capacity he manifested signal efficiency.

His knowledge of banks and banking was most valu-
able, and in 1885, having tendered his resignation from the
First National Bank of Washington. Iowa, he determined

A SALT LAKE BUSINESS STREET IN 1868.

to go to Kansas, where he founded one National and two
State banks. He conducted the affairs of these two in-
stitutions with marked success. During the four years of
his banking experience in the Sunflower State he was iden-
tified with the organization of the National Bank of Com-
merce of Kansas City. This is the largest national bank
west of Chicago, and has deposits aggregating the enor-
mous sum of $35,000.0(10.

Thirteen years ago, Mr. Knox disposed of all of his
Eastern interests and accordingly the following year found
him a resident of Salt Lake City. Mr. Knox came to this
city equipped with the attributes demanded in the success-
ful banker and business man, and immediately organized
the National Bank of the Republic. Mr. Knox was made
president of the bank, and has since been its supreme head
and principal owner. The capital of the institution is now
$300,000 and the surplus and undivided profits are grow-
ing in a most gratifying manner. The estimation and con-
fidence in which the bank is held in Utah are reflected in
the deposits, which exceed the immense sum of $2,700,-
000.00. The personnel of the bank is composed of the
following gentlemen whose names are identified with
mining, finance and business circles throughout the entire
country: Frank Knox, President; George A. Lowe, Vice-
President; and W. F. Adams, Cashier, while J. C. Lynch
of this city; Henry Phipps, a millionaire iron man of Pitts-
burg; G. S. Holmes, proprietor of the famous Knutsford of
this city and the Angelus hotel of Los Angelus; James A.
Murray, a mining man and capitalist of Butte; S. B. Milner,
a Salt Lake capitalist, and the Hon. Thomas Kearns, of
the famous Silver King mine at Park City, complete the
Board of Directors. The National Bank of the Republic is
the United States Depository for this State, and is one of
the soundest and most conservatively managed institu-
tions of the kind in the West.

Mr. Knox gives his personal time and attention to the
affairs of the bank, yet still has time to devote to the
innumerable business concerns with which his name is
associated. He keeps in constant touch with the financial
centers of this continent, not alone through the agency

of the bank's excellent correspondents, but by personally
spending a certain portion of his time each year in the
money centers of the country. His influence in this State
has been invaluable in directing a steady stream of moder-
ate sized investments toward this city from outside points.
Had Mr. Knox done no more than to give Utah a stable
financial institution his services would have been inesti-
mable, but he has fostered enterprises more far reaching
in their effect upon the growth and prosperity of the
State. In 1900, when Congress appropriated half a million
dollars for the erection of a Federal building in this City,
he was immediately chosen the disbursing agent of the
Government, and his bank designated as the depository for
Government funds in this State. This was not only on
account of the substantial nature of the National Bank of
the Republic of which he is the head, but was likewise
due in a measure to his extensive acquaintance with lead-
ing Government officials, including not only some members
of the Cabinet under President McKinley, but the Presi-
dent himself, and a number of United States Senators and
Representatives as well.

Mr. Knox is a man of extensive interests, as the term
is understood by operators and capitalists. In addition to a
very large ownership of stocks, bonds and other moneyed
interests, he has large realty holdings and is identified
with all matters of general public interest. He is President
and owns the controlling interest in the Salt Lake Ice
Company, of this city, which is the largest concern of the
kind in the Rocky Mountain region. He is heavily inter-
ested in the famous Daly-West and other mines of the Park
City district. Outside the State his interests are princi-
pally in Nevada mines.

Frank Knox is distinctly a man of affairs. Quiet and
unassuming, yet shrewd and tactful, he has a capacity for
solving aright the business problems of an eventful career,
and his unerring judgment has been the fulcrum on which
has turned the success of great enterprises. The commu-
nity in which he lives is indebted to him no less for the
influence of his career than for the unfailing support he

OX TEAMS IN THE STREETS OF SALT LAKE BEFORE THE ADVENT
OF THE RAILROADS.

extends all projects conceived in the interest of the moral
and material welfare of the city and State. Mr. Knox pos-
sesses that charm and polish of manner which come of
travel, experience, education and breeding. He is a man
of force and character, and in all relations of friendship
and business commands the confidence and esteem of all
who have his acquaintance.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

NICHOLAS TREWEEK.

THAT there is some agency necessary to co-operate with
nature in the development of a mining camp is amply
evidenced by the fact that the gold and silver ledges
of Utah contained their treasure ages before it was of use
to mankind. The perseverance and pluck of the Western
mining man constitute that agency, and, in exploiting the
greatest industry of this State, the writer recognizes an
obligation In paying special mention to the men who have
been instrumental In the development of Nature's boun-
ties. Among those who may properly be classified under
that category, few have contributed in so generous a degree
as the man whose name Introduces this biography.

Nicholas Treweek owes hie nativity to England, where
at the age of fourteen he was initiated into mining life;
a calling that his father had followed for many years

su MOI ^

uinoriK Hi'- "i|.|-r. :.:lvr and lead mines of that country
and Wale*. Itelng an ambitious youth, young Treweek

i". i.d-'d night school In his native land In order to sup-
pl'-Mieiii his limited op|i< rnmiil>-n while a young lad In

in ndliiK day HchiMilH. lie has always been a great stu-
! hi. and ha* acquired a practical education by dint of
much effort and a deep seated desire for knowledge. Be-
coming Imbued with the Idea that this country offered
Krcaicr npportunliieii for young man than the older set-
(I'-il mining districts of Kngland. he made his debut upon
American soil In the year 1870. at which time he had not
yet attained his majority. The mining regions of Pennsyl-
vania attracted him. as they bad done thousands of young
men. anil the first two years of his life In Uncle Sam's do-
main were spent among ihe mlnen and mining districts of
the Keystone Hlale

The year 1872 marked the beginning of a great pro-
gressive era for Ihe State beyond the "River." and among
the throng who visited I'inti at that time was young Tro-
and. accordingly, the same year found him a resident

of Bingham. from which point he conducted varied mining
operations. He first secured employment in the old Win-
nemuck Mine at Bingham. and served his apprenticeship
working with pick and drill. This is a feature of his ex-
perience which was destined to be of Inestimable value
In future years, and one in which he takes a praiseworthy
pride, for It Is to the practical lessons learned as a com-
mon miner that he largely attributes his great success in
the management and development of properties. After a
year of this practical schooling, he became Superintendent
of the mine, which at that time was working over 200 men.
During the time that Mr. Treweek was engaged upon
the Wlnnemuck. both in the capacity of common miner and
later as Superintendent of the famous old property, he was
also spending all his spare time in prospecting in the dis-
trict. The first discoveries that he made proved "good"
and the "St. Johns" was formed early in '74. He opened
up the mine and after extracting lots of ore, disposed of
his Interest. His success with the Winnemuck and the
St. John won him immediate recognition in the district,
and he was tendered the position of opening the old
Brooklyn mine in Bingham. at that time owned by Moses
Hirschman and Lewis Martin of this city. He opened up
this fine piece of property from the grassroots and placed
it upon a paying basis. Mr. Treweek, in the '70a. was an
extensive contractor, and sank shafts and drove tunnels on
many of the famous old mines of those days, to his profit.
In 1876 he left Bingham to assume charge of the Miller
mines at American Fork. These were the big mines of
the day. and under Mr. Treweek's supervision and direc-
tion proved fine properties. In 1878 he was superintend-
ent of what was known as the Carbonate mines In Big Cot-
tonwood canon, rich mines in their day. Two years later
found him in charge of development work on the Flagstaff,
in the Little Cottonwood mining district. The mine at this
time was giving employment to several hundred men.
Park City claimed his attention In the spring of 1881.
where he opened up the Lowell mine for the Walker
Brothers of Salt Ijike City. At that time he made his first
move as an organizer of mining companies, and after his
experience of ten years as a developer of properties he
was certainly capable of judging a mine. The first com-
piiny formed was known as the Climax Mining Company.
which developed into a most valuable piece of property.
The mine became Involved In litigation, however, and in
1883 a consolidation was formed with the Crescent Min-
im: Company, and Mr. Treweek disposed of his Interest In
the mine and left for a prospecting trip through Colo-
rado. The (Hack Range excitement was at that time the

i of all prospectors and miners and thither Mr. Tre-
week wended his way. After spending several months In
Hie vicinity of Silver City. N, M. \i.<>. he returned to
Utah with the intention of moving his family to Denver.
Hut upon his return I < was persuaded to return to Bing-
ham and assume charge of the old Brooklyn and Lead
thin- v at that lime owned by A. Hanauor and associates.

malned In chart:- <>r tin-He mines until 1888. at which
time he tendered his resignation to commence his career
a* a promoter, for which calling he waa well fitted by
natural versatility and by hln varied and extensive mining
and hiiMlnetts expcrl'-ii' - lie - -n-aied foreign connections
and began operations at nnce. Ills first successful promo-
tion of considerable magnitude, was the sale of the
Charles Dickens mine. In Idaho, to a London corporation.
Id-turning from London he purchased the Lucky Boy mine

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

3 1

in Custer County, Idaho, the property now being known as
the Lucky Boy Gold Mining Company. It is a close corpo-
ration, the stock being owned by Mr. Treweek, who is
the president of the company, W. S. McCornick, the well-
known financier, and A. Hanauer. The mine is in active
operation and has been a steady shipper and dividend-
payer for many years.

About this time Mr. Treweek, in company with other
prominent capitalists and mining men, organized and in-
corporated the Alliance Mining Company, at Park City.
Mr. Treweek was vice-president and general manager of
the company, which spent several hundred thousand dol-
lars in developing the mine, and, in 1896, sold it to the
Silver King, whose property it adjoined. He has been
president and manager of the Lucky Boy mine since its
organization, and president of the Big Cottonwood Copper
and Gold Mining Company, organized this year under the
laws of the State of Maine, with a capital of $1.500,000, the
stock of which is owned by himself and family. In 1901
Mr. Treweek organized the Wabash Mining Company, at
Park City. This property is being most actively devel-
oped and is attracting much favorable attention and com-
ment at the present time. Mr. Treweek is the president
and manager of this property and has associated with
him in the company John A. Creighton, the millionaire
philanthropist of Omaha. Together with Mr. Creighton
Mr. Treweeek owns the control of the Wabash Company.

Mr. Treweek maintains offices at 16 State street, Bos-
ton, Mass., and a handsomely appointed suite at 25 Broad
street, New York City, in the very heart of the financial
quarter of America's metropolis. Both offices are in

charge of experienced financiers, and from these two
offices Mr. Treweek is constantly hard at work to Interest
capital, not only in Utah mines, but in all classes of sound
investments in this great inland empire.

Mr. Treweek's interests, while largely concentrated in
the mines of the State, are by no means confined to those
limits. His liberal investments have contributed to the
growth and development of the entire commonwealth, but
however much he could do through the direct outlay of
capital it could never equal the service he has tendered
Utah in bringing her resources to the attention of the
financial world. His influence has not done less for the
State than his enterprise, and in neither has he been
surpassed by the sponsors of our manifold industries and
resources. While Mr. Treweek has ever been alive to his
own interests he has not been blind to the duties im-
posed by good citizenship, and has taken a prominent part
in many of the political moves of early days as well as of
recent years. He took an active part and was one of the
first organizers of the Republican party of the State. He
was made treasurer of the Republican territorial com-
mittee for two terms, and in many other ways evidenced
the keenest interest in the tenets and welfare of his party.

Mr. Treweek is a man of energy, but is as unassum-
ing in manner as he is forceful in presence. His keen
observation is apparent, but unobtrusive. His address
inspires confidence, and all impressions proclaim him the
man of capability and reserve force his exceptional career
has proved him to be. His success has been manifestly
the reward of business ability of the highest order, an
ability that has made him one of the foremost mining pro-
moters of this State.

}. A. CUNNINGHAM.

THE career of J. A. Cunningham is one of scores afford-
ed by the West, demonstrating that mining expe-
rience is not necessary to mining success, and yet
who will gainsay its value in certain channels of mining,

J. A. CUNNINGHAM'

where practical knowledge of mineralogy and geology must
necessarily be of service? But to successful mining opera-
tions mining experience is not always essential. The requi-
site is neither practical knowledge nor luck; it is business
ability, and the mining men who have made the greatest
successes in this state are men who have utilized the
acumen which reaps reward wherever exercised.

J. A. Cunningham is one of these. Born in Quincy,
Illinois, in 1842, at an early age his parents emigrated to
Utah, where young Cunningham arrived when he was seven
years old. He attended the public schools of the day,
where he received a limited education, which has happily
been augmented by his studious nature, with the result
that at attaining his majority Mr. Cunningham had ac-
quired a knowledge of men and affairs, gained from close
observation and practical experience, which has proved
of inestimable value to him in after years. He is familiar
with the countless privations which the resolute body of
men and women who emigrated to this valley in the early
'50s had to meet, and his early training turned him quite
naturally to freighting and teaming, a calling which he
followed for a number of years, until the advent of the
first railroad made the business unprofitable. His teams
were a familiar sight to travelers on the old Overland
Stage Route, both east and west as far as Deep Creek.
During the years intervening between 1868 and 1871 he
was engaged in freighting between this city and Helena,
Montana.

About this time the Sweetwater excitement in Wyom-
ing attracted Mr. Cunningham's attention, and here he

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIR1

was first initiated into that most alluring of pursuits,
mining. The mines, however, did not prove the bonanza
expected, and In 1872. after quitting the freight business,
he became Interested in the stock business, grazing his
herds over the ranges in this section of the country. For
three years he devoted his entire time to his cattle in-
terests, meeting with considerable success and finally
disposing of them, when, in 1875. the mines of the famous
Tlntic district first commanded the attention of the world.
Mr. Cunningham became interested In mining immediately
after the discovery of the camp, and secured an interest
In the Mammoth, an interest which he still holds in this
greatest bonanza of the district. The Mammoth has pro-
duced millions for its owners, and has been upon the list
of dividend payers for over a quarter of a century. The
production at present Is somewhat curtailed, owing to liti-
gation in which the property has become involved with a
mine adjoining it.

Mr. Cunningham soon acquired other valuable hold-
ings in the Tintic district and various other camps of the
state, among the most prominent being, possibly, the
celebrated Bullion-Beck mine, located at Eureka. Utah.
This magnificent property has been operated for almost

a generation and the ore bodies appear to be practically
inexhaustible. It has become one of the famous mines
of the West under the direction of Its present manage-
ment. For over twenty years Mr. Cunningham devoted his
entire time to his mining interests. He is familiar with
all the little details so essential to the successful opera-
tion of a mine, having served his apprenticeship from the
"grass roots" to the 1,000-foot level, as it were. In addi-
tion to his mining interests he has been a stockholder in
two of the most substantial banking houses In the city,
the Deseret National and the Bank of Commerce. Upon
being elected president of the latter institution, three
years ago. he disposed of his stock in the Deseret National
and has since devoted his entire time to the duties im-
posed upon him as president of the Bank of Commerce,
which is rightly accorded a place among the most con-
servative and stable banks of the State.

J. A. Cunningham Is a Utahn in the strictest sense.
He devotes his capital and energies to the promotion of
the best interests of the state which has given him
wealth and influence, and Salt Lake City has few citizens
whose public spirit has done more for the general weal
than his.

|OHN C. CUTLER.

the Inland Empire," Is designed as both a
chronicle and a herald, a chronicle of the past
and a herald of the future, especially of the lives
of men closely associated with the growth of the State. In

JOHN C. Cl'TLM.

IU pace* are recorded many hitherto unpublished IncldonU
of the live* of the men wjio have attained prominence In the

great commonwealth which they have helped to make, and
among the number few have contributed in a more generous
measure than the subject of this biography.

Away back in 1864 there journeyed across the plains
from the Missouri River a family consisting of the father,
mother and six children. The trip was slow and tedious
in those days, and this little band of pioneers drove oxen
attached to their wagons. Arriving in this valley the par-
ents settled in North Mill Creek Canon, where, assisted
by the boys, one of whom was John C. Cutler, they com-
menced the establishment of a home. The first winter
was a severe one, but by making trips up into the canons
the boys cut cedar posts for enclosing the farm, and when
spring came they had the place fenced In. John C., being
an ambitious youth, secured a position as clerk In a store
in this city, where, after serving faithfully for a number of
years, he obtained an Interest In the business.

It was In the year 1877, however, that he launched
i. nili into business upon his own account. In that year A.
O. Sim mi. of the Provo Woolen Mills, made a proposition
to Mr. Cutler to accept tin- agency of tin- mills In this
city. They accordingly wont to see President Brlgham
Young, who owned a controlling Interest In the factory.
with the result that Mr. Cutler was appointed agent of the
mills. He at < m ..p.-n.-il a store In the old Constitu-
tion Hlock and began an energetic campaign for home
Indimtry In the shape of the products of these mills. Suf-
ii. i- it to say he met with gratifying success and still repre-
sents the company.

Mr. Cutler Is at present a director In the Provo Woolen
Mills as well as their agent, and IB also a director In the
Hmiii' Fire Insurance Company. He hecame Interested
In the ifcwret National Bank In 1889. and has been a
director of thin conservative banking house for many
years. He holds a similar position upon the directorate of
tlie Deseret Savings Bank, and Is a director of the Utah
Sugar Company. He has always evidenced a praiseworthy

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

interest in educational matters and is connected with the
Latter-Day Saints University as Trustee and Treasurer. He
is also on the Building Committee and is Treasurer for the
three new buildings erected opposite the Temple.

In addition to these institutions with which his name
is associated, he has an interest in many others which
owe their prosperity and success to his exceptional execu-
tive ability. He has been one of the largest employers of
labor in the State, and the numerous enterprises with which
he is identified have done much toward the advancement
of Utah's interests.

While his personal affairs have necessarily occupied
much of his time, he has not been blind to the duties im-
posed by good citizenship, and in 1884 he was elected to
the office of county clerk. That he served to the satis-
faction of his constituents is best attested by the fact
that he succeeded himself twice, and held the office con-
tinuously until 1900. The esteem he found in public life
has a counterpart in the confidence with which he is re-
garded by all who have the pleasure of business relations
with him. Just now Mr. Cutler is devoting much time to
the work of the Commercial Club of this city of which he is
Vice-President.

JESSE M. SMITH.

THE wealth of natural resources possessed by Utah is
as varied as it is extensive, and there is not a State
in our Union which can boast a greater progress for
the past few years than our own. Utahns have ample cause
for pride in their achievement, and it is the mission of
"Utah, the Inland Empire," to exploit in a degree the ad-
vances marked by recent years, and to pay fitting tribute
to the agencies contributing thereto, among which few
have been more prominent than the members of the Utah
Wool Growers' Association, represented in this city by Mr.
Jesse M. Smith.

Jesse M. Smith has been actively identified with the
sheep and wool interests of the State for the past fifteen

JESSE M. SMITH.

years. He is a native son, having been born and raised in
Salt Lake City, where he has spent the greater portion of
his forty-four years of life. At an early age he engaged
in business upon his own account and for a number of
years was freighting between this city and the principal
mining camps of the state. He was subsequently promi-
nently connected with the building and completion of some
of the most important irrigation projects in this portion of
the state. Mr. Smith was one of the promoters of the
reservoir in East Canyon, from which source of supply thou-
sands of acres of valuable farming land in the vicinity of

Layton were made fertile and productive. Mr. Smith had
been interested in the building of county bridges, canals
and roads in Salt Lake County for many years, and in
1878, at the time of the building of the railroad frpm
Springville to Scofield, he was one of the sub-contractors
and built a large part of the grade of the road.

It was in the spring of 1888 that Mr. Smith first became
interested in the sheep business in Utah, commencing with
a band of 2,300 which he leased and ranged on the desert
west of the Great Salt Lake. He met with gratifying suc-
cess and was not long in establishing himself in busi-
ness independent of others, with the result that his name
became associated with the sheep business of this and
adjoining States. In 189G he was elected president of the
Utah Wool Growers' Association and still retains that
office. He has had an experience covering many years in
the sheep business and during that time has had excep-
tional opportunities afforded him to become acquainted
with the most successful sheep men of the country. As
a representative of the association he has made several
trips to the national capital at Washington, D. C., in the
interests of the sheep industry, and has met with uni-
versal and gratifying success on his missions. In 1898 he
was actively identified with the movement to organize a
National Live Stock Association, the first meeting of
which was held in Denver, Colorado. He is now Utah's
executive member in that organization. In February last
he was elected president of the Pacific Northwest Wool
Growers' Association, an organization representing the
wool growers of the States of Oregon, Montana, Idaho,
Nevada, Wyoming and Utah. Last March he was made
the representative of the Associated Wool Growers' Com-
pany, a business corporation doing a commission business
in the interests of the wool growers of the whole country,
and composed of sheepmen alone, no other person being
a stockholder. The company sells the wool directly to
manufacturers and thereby saves the grower the middle-
man's profit, which amounts annually to a large figure.

Mr. Smith has conserved the interests that he repre-
sents in a most commendable manner and his influence in
opposition to every obstacle under which the sheep men
of this section have had to labor has won the applause oT
his fellow sheep men. He is a man of progressive ideas
and energetic character, and all of his business dealings
are marked by the strictest integrity.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

JOHN J. DALY.

HE STRUCK It rich. What other calling than mining
evokes such an expression in reference to its suc-
cessful members? If a man accumulates fortune In
mercantile pursuits, he is accounted astute; if he attains
eminence In his profession, he is classed as brilliant; if In-
vention yield him fame, he is a genius; It is only the mining
man who is the "lucky man." Yet the careers of some of the
mining men of Utah would Indicate that ability has quite

Ing success. He has not merely achieved great wealth;
he has won fame as well, and he will live in our history
as the Ideal miner. Indeed, he Is the pioneer of the typical
miner of the future, for, although he did not have the
technical education of the mining school to commence
with, he was compelled to acquire in the course of his
practical development almost all the scientific knowledge
which mining schools now teach, and which is indispen-

JOHN J. DALY.

as murh to do with successful mining an lurk, and of those
who have won wealth In mining, few Illustrate this
truth bettor than the subject of this sketch. John
J. Daly Is not a more lucky adventurer who quit
some other occupation and "struck It rich" by a happy
mining accident. Ho was and Is only a miner, first, last and
all the time. When General Ijiwton was Introduced to a
(touting crowd he said, with a touch of pathos, "I am
not a hero I am only a regular." John J. Daly Is only
a miner. He Is a professional inim-r. one bred to the
vocation, one who entered upon his llfn work In bis youth
and who. after devoting over tnlrty years of Intelligent
study and effort to the work, has bad ample and gratify-

slble to the rapid growth of the mining Industry. The
first generation of miners which overran the mining
regions had for Its historic figures the heroes of the lucky
finds. This could not have been avoided by whoever were
the first comers. The new generation will be distinguished
by IU scientific miners, whose keen knowledge of the
geological formation*, combined with practical business
mil men. will enable them to do what John J. Daly did.
*nd find fortunes In rocks that had been prospected In
vain by the unscientific for many years.

It was In the parly fifties that John J. Daly was born
In Morris. Orundy County. State of Illinois. Here he
nii.'in|pd the common schools and received a limited odu-

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

cation. Losing his parents at the age of twelve, he deter-
mined to act upon the advice of Horace Greeley and go
West. Accordingly, in 1867, young Daly bade farewell
to his parental abode, and headed his bark of fortune
toward the West. He shipped as cabin boy on a Missouri
River steamer, bound for Montana, but stopped on the
way at an Indian trading post near where General Custer
and his party, years after, were massacred. He became
acquainted with prospectors, traders and the hardy pio-
neers of those days. It was about their camp fires, and
while accompanying them upon their daily excursions
through the gulches and canyons and over the mountains,
that the lad became acquainted with the various varieties
of ore and the character of formation in which mineral
was sought. Being eager for information and quick to
learn, thte experiences of the season taught him the funda-

In 1876, having acquired a comfortable sum from the
sale of his Nevada interests, Daly determined to visit the
scenes of his boyhood days, his old home, and, incidentally,
make a trip to the Centennial Exposition then being held
in Philadelphia; but fate had decreed otherwise for the
ambitious young miner, for upon reaching Salt Lake City,
he became acquainted with Marcus Daly, the late Montana
copper king, who at that time was in the employ of the
Walker Brothers, who were much interested in the mines
of Utah. A friendship at once developed between the two.
which lasted until the death of Marcus Daly, a quarter
of a century later. Upon the advice of his friend young
Daly was persuaded to visit the camp at Park City, which
at that time was a struggling little mining settlement,
without much development. He became impressed witH
the situation, however, and together with some other min-

RKMDENCE OF JOHN J. DAI.V.

mental principles of prospecting and of mining, on which
he was destined to erect a fortune.

The years 1869-70 marked one of the greatest mining
excitements of the period the White Pine rush into
Nevada. Young Daly became infused with the fever and
came as far as Salt Lake City, where he remained a few
months before journeying on into the White Pine district.
Arriving in Nevada, he became at once actively interested
in quartz mining, where he laid the foundation of the
practical experience to which he owes so much of his
subsequent success. It is not the purpose to follow his
career through the dozen or more camps that claimed his
attention within the ensuing six years; but we may say
briefly that his experience was that of hundreds of other
Western mining men who have, in the course of their
experience, made and lost a score of staall fortunes, and
braved the dangers of the Indians and frontier troubles
of that time. In 1874 he joined a company of volunteers
called for by the Governor to put down the Indian upris-
ing in the White River country. After peace was restored,
he returned to the mines.

ing men, undertook the development of the old Jones
Bonanza, which had been discovered a few days after his
arrival in camp, and is now a part of the famous Daly-Judge
Mine. There was a splendid showing, and Daly, in com-
pany with others, secured a bond and lease and commenced
the development of the property. After investing his small
fortune, he finally "went broke," as did his partners, and
work on the property was temporarily abandoned, thte
mine falling into the hands of other parties. It may be
said that the American mining man of moderate resources
is a born plunger, and it is through his fearless invest-
ment that the mineral wealth of the continent has been
exploited and opened up and, incidentally, that many
individual instances are recorded where prominent min-
ing men have found themselves once more at the foot of
the ladder. But hope and perseverance are virtues with
which the miner has been liberally endowed, and tern
porary reverses are but milestones in his checkered
career. So with Mr. Daly. He had made and lost con-
siderable sums without attaining the measure of wealth
to create in him the spirit of conservatism that dominates

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

other fields of enterprise; but his time had been most
profitably improved under the tutelage of that greatest
of masters, experience, and he was/ amply equipped for
the exercise of sound knowledge in all subsequent demands
upon his Judgment.

Upon being forced to suspend work upon the old
Jones Bonanza, Mr. Daly secured employment in the
famous Ontario Mine, being fully convinced of the perma-
nency of the ore bodies, and determined to locate the
lost vein of the old Jones Bonanza at the first opportunity.
As time went on and Mr. Daly became more familiar with
the geological formation of the camp, he became firmly
convinced that the famous Ontario vein and the lost vein
of the old Jones Bonanza were one, and that time would
prove It. With that object in view, whenever his funds
would permit, be spent every available moment in pros-
pecting on the line between these two properties. Acting
upon this theory. In 1882 he organized the well known
Daly Mine which afterwards produced over f 10,000,000.
and was President and Manager of the mine for many
years. Upon meeting with such signal success in proving
the correctness of Mis theory In regard to the general
direction of the Ontario vein. Mr. Daly, In company with
Tevis. Hearst. Haggln and other great mining men of the
day, bought what Is now the famous Daly-West property,
which has since produced many millions; and. In 1891,
falling In his effort to induce his associates to join him
In the mine. Mr. Daly Incorporated his half Interest and
commenced the development of the splendid property, a
task and expense that would have caused a less stout
heart to fail. Imbued, however, with the conviction that
success awaited the development of the mine. Mr. Daly,
alone and unaided, continued work upon the property,
sinking a three-compartment shaft 1.200 feet, and drifted
2.000 feet from this station before encountering the ore
body. The success of the effort Is now history. For the
past twenty-five years Mr. Daly has been engaged In locat-
ing and buying properties lying between the old Jones
Bonanza and the Ontario Mine. Although these mines
were nearly three miles apart, he has at last succeeded
In connecting them, by the consolidation and acquisition
of the last piece of property purchased last spring, the
Anchor Mining Company, which was consolidated with
the Daly-Judge Comjiany formed last fall by Mr. Daly.

The acquisition of the Anchor property wa > one of
thfe largest transactions ever recorded In the mining
history of Utah. It Involved the expenditure of over three-
quarter* of a million dollars for the company's holdings,
and by this absorption the Daly-Judge Company became
the owner of over 1.200 acres of patented ground In the
n. h.-Ht mineral zone of the Park City District This
locality has been proved to be the richest mineral terri-
tory of equal acreage recorded In the discoveries of the
world, and It eclipses In fabulous production the wildest
dreams of fiction. The tract of patented land Included
In the holdings of the Daly-West approximates 16,000
feet In length by 4.000 feet In width, and cover* the strike
on the veins of rich mineral producing territory for a
distance of nearly three miles. These holding* now In-
I'M!*- the ground that has been held by the Utah Mining
Company, the White Pine (.old and Silver Mining Com-
pany, the old Jones Bonanza Mining Company and the

Jones No. 2 Mining Company, the Anchor Mining Com-
pany, and several claims belonging to the Daly-Judge
Mining Company. A mining writer, in commenting upon
the consummation of the deal, says: "This consolidation
Is the climax of the mining life of John J. Daly, Presi-
dent of the purchasing company, who has been Identified
with the growth of that camp since its infancy, and the
closing of the deal is the fruition of years of labor, during
which time Mr. Daly has had in view the formation of
this property, the possibilities of which are not sur-
passed by the holdings of any mining company in the
State." Thus, over a quarter of a century later, Mr. Daly
proved in the development of this property that had he
and Ins partners had the financial backing to continue
working the old Jones bonanza the vein would have been
discovered, and the wealth he possesses today would have
been awarded him earlier in life.

In addition to the organization of the Daly Mining Com-
pany In 1882. and of the Daly-West in 1891. Mr. Daly has
been prominently connected with some of the most stable
financial institutions of the State, he having organized
the First National Bank of Park City, and acted as Presi-
dent of the same for a number of years. He 1st a director
of the Commercial National Bank of this city, as well as
Vice-President and Director of the Utah Savings and Trust
Company, an institution affording all the advantages
of the corporate trustee, the savings association and the
commercial bank. Besides those with which his name is
connected, he has furnished the capital for many enter-
prises that, but for his liberal aid, would never have been
Inaugurated or, at best, would have proved failures. This
brings Into prominence the generous side of Mr. Daly's
nature, and It commands the admiration of the character
student no less than that element which has made him
eminent as a financier. He is not the type of man to court
or brook ostentation. What he does for his 1 fellow man
Is the expression of generous and noble impulse, and is
done as inconspicuously as possible.

"He struck it rich" Yes. but the element of luck
may not obscure the stronger element, judgment, which
told the man to maintain his faith In the treasure houses
of the Park City mountains rather than to move on to
new fields when his first efforts on the old Jones Bonanza
failed, and this before the camp had emerged from its
Incipient stage. Friends will not dispel the illusion of those
who would cling to the romantic version of Mr. Daly's
success, by enumerating the various investments he has
made in the district, all of which seem to have wooed and
won the smile of the fickle dame; but they have their own
opinion of the matter, and luck Is the least of their opinions
on the matter.

Mr. Daly Is not a plunger. He Is the possessor of vast
Interests admitting and demanding the utmost conserva
Mum. and he has risen to the occasion. He Is reinforced
by his wide experience In mining, and the history of his
mining assets Is a history of growth under the Influence
of sagacious and successful management. Personally.
Mr Daly Is courteous and unassuming In manner, and
Impresses one as a man of modest and Intrinsic worth.
His deeds reflect the big-hearted generosity which Is the
hiTltagc of the West, and much Is owed to bis liberality
and enterprise that never reaches the public ear.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

BENJAMIN T. LLOYD.

BENJAMIN T. LLOYD is a native son of this "Inland
Empire," having been born in Smithfleld, Cache Coun-
ty, Utah, in '66. He entered Brigham Young Academy
at Provo at an early age and later took a course at the
University of Deseret. While attending the University,
young Lloyd was also engaged as a clerk and student in
the law offices of Richards & Moyle, where he acquired a
fund of practical knowledge that served him in good stead
at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, from which dis-
tinguished institution of learning he graduated with hon-
ors with the law class of '92. Returning to Salt Lake
City he was admitted to the bar and began the practice of

BENJAMIN T. LLOYD.

his profession the same year and embarked upon a career
that was destined to add his name to the roll of honor
of his alma mater.

In 1893 and '94 he served his party as Secretary of
the Democratic Committee of Salt Lake County, and in
the early part of 1896 acted as Chairman of the Democratic
County Committee. A feature of his official position
which has often been commented upon most favorably
was the success with which he conducted the three cam-
paigns of those dates. Every member on the ticket was
elected for the first time in the history of the party, a
desideratum which had never before been attained and
one that has never been repeated. For two years, from
'96 to '98 he acted as City Councilman, and during the leg-
islative sessions of '98 and '99 he was an active member
of that body. It will thus be seen that Mr. Lloyd always
displayed an active interest in the affairs of his party,
and was loyal to its tenets.

When in 1893 the golden tales of Mercur were being
heralded to the world, it was but natural that Mr. Lloyd,
being among the first to h/ear of the most recent discov-
eries, should become interested in the district. His ini-
tial purchase was the Gold Coin. He formed a company,
of which he has been president since its organization, as
well as the largest owner, and commenced the active de-
velopment of the property. He has held many interests
in the Mercur district, among which was the Sir Victor,
the scene of the explosion three years ago, an accident
which destroyed the 540 foot shaft, wrecked the machin-
ery and ruined the buildings and surface improvements.

At the time of the explosion Mr. Lloyd had an option on
the property, which was showing up well under the de-
velopment work which was being followed. Nothing
daunted, however, by the immense financial loss entailed,
Mr. Lloyd immediately looked about him for other oppor-
tunities.

Among the successful companies now operating under
the direction of Mr. Lloyd and his associates, the Copper
Ranch Mining Company, organized and incorporated two
years ago, is prominent. The property is! located five
miles northwest of Milford, and but one mile north of
the branch of the Oregon Short Line Railroad, running
from Milford through the great copper belt to Frisco.
The holdings embrace seventeen claims in the richest
mineralized territory of that district, so situated as to
cover two miles along the course of the vein. The prop-
erty lies between the Majestic Company's "Old Hickory"
on the East and the "O. K." mine on the West. Its de-
velopment consists of 4,100 feet of shafts, drifts and tun-
nels. The veins have great promise, being large, strong
and well defined, and having all the other characteriza-
tions which indicate good values with sufficient develop-
ment. At the Jewel Mound end of the group of claims
the vein attains the enormous width of 105 feet. It is lo-
cated between a granite foot wall and porphyry hanging
wall. When Mr. Lloyd acquired the Copper Ranch prop-
erty two years ago, in connection with the late R. C.
Chambers and Moses Thatcher, Jacob West, Lafayette
Holbrook and Eastern associates, he was elected secre-
tary and manager, a position which he has since maintained.

The Copper Mountain Mining & Milling Company is
another fine property, which Mr. Lloyd secured control of
last December. Associated with him in the reorganization,
which he effected, are such well-known mining men and
financiers as Moses Thatcher, Vice-President of the Des-
eret National Bank, of this city; Charles Rood, Superin-
tendent of the famous Ontario mine, of Park City; Hon.
J. T. Hammond, Secretary of State; Judge W. H. Dickson,
a prominent member of the Salt Lake bar; Lafayette Hol-
brook, a capitalist and mining man of Provo, Utah;
and Jacob West, a banker of Logan, Utah. These gentlemen
constitute the officers and board of directors as well, and
their names associated with an enterprise guarantee finan-
cial responsibility, integrity and sagacity of administration.
The policy of the company has been progressive, and
the property has been actively developed since the present
management has been in charge. The property consists
of seven claims through which the vein runs for a distance
of 4,500 feet. Work has been conducted through a 450-
foot shaft, from the lower level of which they are drift-
ing west along the vein. At this point the vein is from
6 to 14 feet in width, and carries from 18 to 28 per cent
in copper values. The vein lies between a granite foot
wall and a lime hanging wall, and ore has been traced
from the surface to the present depth. It is principally
red oxide of copper with sulphide appearing in the lower
workings. Under the efficient direction of Mr. Lloyd, de-
velopment is being pushed to the best possible advantage.
Mr. Lloyd is democratic in the truest sense of the
term, and his successes are accepted with as little osten-
tation as would be the measure of despair should disaster
again overtake him. It may be added that he is Democratic
in politics as well as in fact. He is a man of the West
warm hearted, generous and public spirited in all that
the terms imply.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

C. O. WHITTEMORE.

SALT LAKE CITY Is becoming one of the world's great
mining centers, and in viewing the Influence of the
mining Industry of Utah's various camps on the
growth and prosperity of Salt Lake City, the casual observ-
er Is likely to overlook many other attractive sources of the
city's supremacy. Long ago the fame of the mining Interest
of this favored region superseded that of our climatic and
scenic attractions, and it Is not surprising that it has
also distanced the report of the progressive and enterpris-
ing spirit which dominates the business and professional
element of our city. To this characteristic, not less than

C. O. WHITTEMORE.

to the wealth and natural resources with which nature has
endowed this section of the State. Salt Lake City owes
her development; and It Is the purpose of the publishers
to present In this magazine the most striking examples of
Individual energy our rich Held affords.

C. O. Whlttemore Is a native son of this great com-
monwealth, having been born June 29th. 1862. He re-
ceived his education at St. Mark's school. In this city, grad-
uating with the class of '82. Upon completing the course
at St. Mark's. Mr. Whlttemore, having decided upon a
professional career, commenced the study of law In the
offices of Philip T. Van Zlle. at that time United States
Attorney for the Territory of Utah. He was admitted to

the bar In 1883 and commenced the practice of his pro-
fession under most auspicious circumstances. He was
accorded immediate recognition, and was Assistant City
Attorney, when, in October, 1883, he tendered his resigna-
tion for the purpose of taking the law course at the 'Co-
lumbia Law School, in New York City. Upon completing
the course in that celebrated institution of learning, Mr.
Whittemore resumed the practice of law in this city, as-
sociating himself for the ensuing two years with the law
firm of Dickson & Varian, Judge Dickson at that time
being United States Attorney.

During the years 1887 and 1888 Mr. Whittemore was
associated with Senator Arthur Brown. He built up a
remunerative practice and has been retained in some of
the most notable cases before the courts of this state,
among the most important of which we mention, Cope
vs. Cope, in which case the right of polygamous children
to inherit from their father was determined. Amy vs.
Amy, in which the validity of a Probate Court divorce
was sustained, both cases being decided by the Supreme
Court of the United States.

Mr. Whittemore has always been prominently identi-
fled with the political history of Utah and is a staunch
defender of Republican principles. In 1894 he was elected
to the office of County Attorney, and filled the same for
the next two years with credit to himself and the satis-
faction of all with whom he had business dealings. In
1898 President McKlnley appointed him United States At
torney for Utah, and In 1899, when the Utah State Legis-
lature came to a deadlock, owing to the inability of the
Democratic majority to agree upon a choice for United
States Senator, Mr. Whittemore among others received the
entire vote of the Republican minority.

Mr. Whittemore Is one of the most indefatigable work-
ers In behalf of the construction of a short line from Salt
Lake City to Los Angeles, and since its organization has
been appointed general attorney for the San Pedro, Ixis
Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad Company. He Is at pres-
ent associated in the practice of his profession with E.
Blerer, Jr., and Pennel Cherrington. both gentlemen of
exceptional ability. This amalgamation of talent has
given to Salt Lake City one of its strongest law firms. Mr.
Whlttemore possesses those attributes of character which
not only proclaim him a man In whose hands private af-
fairs are safe, but, as well, a fit custodian of the interests
of a community.

DENNIS C. KICHNOR.

SALT LAKE CITY may be said to be especially fortu-
nate In the character and attainment* of her profes-
sional men. Mont of them are men of education and
experience, and to accord them a place among the flrat In
the West Is but to offer them what Is their own. Especially
Is this true of the legal profession, which Is represented In
this city by some of the brightest lawyers the country baa
produced. Among those who have won distinction within
the space of a comparatively few years, the publishers take
pleasure In calling attention to Dennis C. Elcbnor, our
present District Attorney.

Mr. Blchnor Is a native of Pennsylvania, having been
born In Somerset County, that State. In the year 1868.

His early years wore spent upon a farm, the winter
months being put In at a district school. Mr. Elcbnor.
however, was possessed of an ambition that the prosaic
life on a farm In the "Keystone" State failed to satisfy,
snd he determined to secure an education. In order to
defray the expenses of a court* at the State Normal
School at Mlllcrvlllo. Pennsylvania, he taught school and
studied law. graduating with the class of '87.

Acting upon the historic advice of Horace Oreeley,
Mr K.I i-li nor came West In 1888. Salt l.ake City was at
that time the Mecca toward which he directed his course.
Arriving here, he was/ not long In associating himself
with the men who stood at the head of his chosen pro-

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

fession In this city. We ac-
cordingly find him complet-
ing his law studies under
the direction of Hon. W. H.
Dickson. He was admitted
to the bar the same year,
and at once engaged in the
practice of his profession.
In 1891 he was made Assis-
tant City Attorney, a posi-
tion which he held until
two years later. While act-
ing in the capacity of As-
sistant City Attorney, he
also occupied the same po-
sition in the County Attor-
ney's office, serving with
Mr. Walter Murphy until

DENNIS C. EICHNOR.

1894. Upon completing his term of office with Mr. Murphy
he was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention,
held in 1895. While serving in the capacity of Chairman
of the Committee on Municipal Corporations, Mr. Eichnor
introduced the bill which was inserted in the Constitution
prohibiting any municipality from leasing or selling its
water works.

In 1900 Mr. Eichnor received a handsome majority in
being elected District Attorney for the Third Judicial
District, the term of office extending over a period of
four years. The efficiency with which he has discharged
the duties of his office has met the applause of all good
citizens, regardless of party tenets. Since 1898 Mr.
Eichnor has been the Chairman of the Republican County
Committee, and in 1899 was elected Chairman of the Re-
publican City Committee. He has conducted the cam-
paigns for both city and county elections in a most mas-
terful manner since holding the position which he has
upon the committees.

GEORGE W. BARTCH.

GEORGE W. BARTCH is a native of the "Keystone"
State, having been born in Dushore, March
15, 1849. He spent the early years of his
life on a farm, his time being divided between the
duties of most boys of his time and attendance at
the public schools. At the age of eight, young Bartch
was left an orphan, and the success which he achieved
while yet a young man in his native state and the honors
which have since been conferred upon him are the result
and reward of a studious and ambitious nature. At the
age of seventeen he commenced to teach, thereby acquir-
ing funds necessary for the continuance of his studies. He
attended and graduated from the State Normal School, at
Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, in the class of '71. Not content
with a mere diploma from a Normal School, he continued
his studies at that institution of learning for a number of
years, finally receiving the degree of M. S. from his alma
mater.

For ten years after receiving his diploma, Mr. Bartch
was engaged in educational work in his native state.
After leaving the schools Professor Bartch was admitted to
the bar as a practitioner in 1884, at Bloomsburg, Pennsyl-
vania, where he met with immediate and gratifying success.
In 1871 he was united in marriage to Miss Amanda A.
Guild, an accomplished young lady of exceptional attain-
ments. Illness in his family in the year 1886 made it im-
perative that he should seek a more congenial climate, and
in that year he became a resident of Canon City, Colorado.
Upon establishing himself in that city, Judge Bartch met
with a degree of success that was directly attributed to his
knowledge of the many technical points of law. His prac-
tice was an extensive one, and his was a familiar face be-
fore the courts of that and adjoining counties.

In 1888 he removed to Salt Lake City, forming a part-
nership with Judge Blackburn. The law firm was receiving
well merited practice, when the late President Harrison
appointed Judge Blackburn Associate Justice of the Su-
preme Court of the Territory, and Judge Bartch Judge of
the Probate Court of Salt Lake County, which at that time
was a most important office, the court being constantly in
session. He continued in that office until appointed Asso-
ciate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory on Jan-
uary 4th, 1893. No better or more conclusive evidence of
the popularity of Judge Bartch could be presented than the

simple announcement that he has held office continuously
ever since his first appointment. He was elected a member
of the State Supreme Court in 1895, and was the Chief Jus-
tice during 1889 and 1900. In the latter year he was re-
elected to succeed himself, for a six year term, which will
not expire until 1906.

HON. GEORGE W. BARTCH.

Judge Bartch's human sympathies and thoughtful mind
have given him the power of clear and right perception of
things. In his judicial capacity his influence has been for
peace and harmony, based upon a higher regard for the
rights of others. He takes an active interest in promoting
the welfare of the city, and in public and private life
stands for the moral advancement of society and the higher
educational development of the community.

4 o

ITAM TNI. INLAND 1.M1MR1

ARTHUR B. LliWIS.

IT IS a mistaken impression that mining is altogether a
matter of chance. To the prospector, who scours the
hills with pick and shovel the element of chance must be
conceded; but to the careful investor and capitalist mining
may be conducted upon a basis as conservative as pertains
to most business enterprises. The men who have made
fortunes in the hidden treasures of the West are of two
classes; and while those who have risen from poverty to

braska. In the early '60's Nebraska was a new country,
and the boundless prairies offered few resources beyond
that of agriculture, a vocation which appealed strongly
to young Lewis. He received an education in the public
schools of the day, and by diligent application succeeded
in equipping himself for a course in the Ohio Wesleyan
University. He returned to Nebraska, where he became
Interested in educational and journalistic work, and found-

AH I MIR H

opulence In the space of a few years are glaring examples
of tbe possibilities offered In mining In this locality, the
great number who have entered the field as Investors must
stand for the conservative nature of this most alluring of
all pursuits. Almost without exception, men who have
applied sound business principles to mining In Utah have
been rewarded far beyond the possibilities offered In any
other Held of Investment. It in. therefore, with pleasure
that we present a brief biography of one of the best In-
stances of this class.

The great State of Ohio, which has given to our coun-
try so many able men In all walks of life. Is tbe place of
his nativity, he having made his debut upon life's stage
In Milan. Brie County. Ohio, on the tenth of August. 1867.
At tbe age of IS be accompanied his parents to Ne-

ed a number of papers, which he managed until his re-
moval to Chicago, where for many years he was managing
editor of the Lumber Trade Journal, a paper which, under
his direction, prospered and attained an enviable reputa-
tion, and became an acknowledged authority nn all sub-
iMTtalnlng to the lumber Industry. In 1889, Mr.
Ix>wls's attention was called to the great possibilities In
mining In the West, and accordingly the same year he
mad*- his Initial move In the calling which was destined to
bring him fortune and Inthn n< I

HIM first *x|M'ti. IH took place In the South Pass Dis-
trict. In Wyoming, whore ho operated for some time. He
next became Interested In properties at Idaho Springs.
Colorado, one of the oldest camps In that State, and the
borne of some of the famous sliver mines of early days.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

Mr. Lewis has always exercised the utmost caution in his
selection of properties, and after a mining experience cov-
ering thirteen years in the principal camps of the West,
he can look back upon his career with the satisfaction of
having seen the properties under his control, maintain
the reputation which he predicted for them.

In 1896 Mr. Lewis first became interested in the min-
ing possibilities of this great Commonwealth. In that year
he made a trip to Beaver County, and at once became im-
pressed with the mineral wealth of the district, which at
that time was in an undeveloped condition. Time has
proven the correctness of his judgment, however, and the
San Francisco Star, North Star, Rocky and Beaver Lake
Mining Districts are now acknowleged to be among the
richest in the State.

After spending five years in perfecting his plans, ac-
quiring land and securing options on claims in the richest
mineralized zones in the district, Mr. Lewis, in December,
1900, organized and incorporated the Imperial Copper Min-
ing Company in Chicago, with a capital of $5,000,000, of
a par value of $10 per share. He was elected President
of the Company and retains a controlling interest in the
property. Associated with him in the Company as officers
and directors are the following well-known capitalists and
financiers: W. H. Alexander of Chicago, Vice-President;
J. P. Haynes of Chicago, Treasurer; and C. J. Caughey of
New York, and Judge C. C. Goodwin of Salt Lake City,
completing the Board of Directors. The property em-
braced in the holdings of the Imperial Copper Mining Com-
pany consists of a group of forty claims, including the
famous old Massachusetts and Quartzite mines. The loca-
tion of the property is in the San Francisco Mountains,
and in the mining district bearing that name. It lies to
the north of the great Horn Silver Mine, a property which
was one of Utah's earliest dividend payers and still con-
tinues as such. The Cactus Mine, recently purchased by
the bonanza king, Samuel Newhouse, for over a quarter
of a million, adjoins the Imperial, while Frisco, the present
terminus of the Oregon Short Line Railroad, lies but a few
miles distant.

It has been the policy of the management to prosecute
work with the utmost energy, and from the very first the
results have been most gratifying. 3,000 feet of develop-
ment work has been performed, consisting of tunnels,
shafts and other workings. The ore gives handsome re-
turns in gold, copper and silver, the smelter returns re-
vealing as much as 20 per cent in copper and from $2 to
$8 in gold per ton. The ore bodies found in the mine are
immense in propo tions, and the Imperial has a wonderful
future.

Having created foreign connection, and floated the
Imperial with such gratifying success, Mr. Lewis next
turned his attention to the organization and incorporation
of the Royal Copper Mining Company. In 1900 he had
secured control of 700 acres of valuable ground formerly
known as the old Cactus Group of mines, all of which had
formerly been worked at a profit, notwithstanding treat-
ment charges of $35.00 per ton at the smelters. After a
careful sampling of the ores and discovering good values
in copper, gold and silver, Mr. Lewis, with characteristic
quietness, launched the Royal Copper Mining Company,
immediately following the Imperial, he acting as President
and General Manager of this Company also. Work was

immediately commenced upon a three-compartment shaft,
with the object of sinking it to a depth of 1,000 feet

Mr. Lewis has exercised the greatest care in the se-
lection of properties, and the highest tribute that may be
paid his judgment is the unqualified success with which
his ventures have been favored. While this is necessarily
founded on the fact that the properties themselves pos-
sessed exceptional merit, it is but fair to attribute their suc-
cessful development to the influence of a far-seeing policy
in management, a ready grasp of conditions, and a force-
ful administration of office. In the Majestic Copper Mining
and Smelting Company, the most recent of Mr. Lewis' flo-
tations, we find no exception to the above assertion. The
Company has been launched under the most auspicious
circumstances. The mines of this Company were all
extensive producers formerly, but under the former smelter
charges of $35.00 per ton and no allowance for copper and
none for gold under $5.00 per ton they were closed down.
In this Company are the following groups: the Harrington-
Hickory, the O. K., the Old Hickory and the Vicksburg,
all good properties in the past, and with a record of hav-
ing produced over $1,250,000.00. Work on the properties
has been progressing most favorably under the direction
of Mr. Lewis, the greatest amount of development hav-
ing been done on the Adelia and Harrington-Hickory, where
the veins have been opened on various levels and large
amounts of ore extracted. Work on the Vicksburg has also
been prosecuted most vigorously and the mine is being
put in fine shape. The shaft on the O. K. has been the
scene of active operations for the past few months and
immense amounts of ore are being blocked out.

With characteristic decision, Mr. Lewis early deter-
mined to be independent of the smelters and the enor-
mous expense entailed by heavy freight charges. With
this idea in view the Company is now erecting a smelter
near Milford, where they will be able to handle the im-
mense quantities of ores which the properties will produce.
Mr. Lewis has ever been a man to read the great book of
human nature aright, and, as a result, has gathered about
him men whose attributes comport well with his own ex-
ceptional ability. The truth of this statement is reflected
in the able management of the Majestic Company. It is
but a question of a short time before it will have become
celebrated for the regularity and munificence of its divi-
dends, in the opinion of the best judges.

Mr. Lewis came to Utah equipped with the attributes
demanded in the successful man of business, and his ex-
perience has proved that their application to mining is
as valuable as in other pursuits. He has been con-
servative throughout, and none of his investments have
been made in the spirit of a gamble. In floating properties,
and few have been more successful, he has been no less
conservative in his representations, and as a result the
stockholders of the companies he has promoted have cause
to congratulate themselves. Furthermore, it may be said
that any properties coming under the influence of his man-
agement are rapidly developed and the interest of all con-
cerned religiously conserved. Mr. Lewis is a man of pre-
eminent executive ability and keen perception, and these
qualifications have combined with his sterling integrity
to establish a most enviable reputation for him in mining
circles throughout the State.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

MATTHEW H. WALKER.

THE men who have made fortunes In the West are of
two classes: and while those who have risen from
poverty to opulence in the space of a few years are
the glaring examples of the possibilities offered in mining
in this locality, the great number who have entered the
field as Investors Illustrate the conservative nature of
this most alluring of all pursuits. Almost without ex-
ception, men who have applied sound business principles
to mining In this "Inland Empire" have been rewarded far
beyond the possibilities offered in any other field of in-
vestment. Such an instance is found in the life of the
subject of this sketch.

A native of Yorkshire. England, Matthew H. Walker
began life in 1845. While a lad of some four or five years,
his parents removed to this country with their family,
settling at St. Louis, where for two years they remained

own account in this city, he was admitted to full part-
nership with them. In 1866 the boys purchased the cor-
ner occupied by the great private banking house of
Walker Brothers. At that time they had a general mer-
chandise store in the building, but by their honorable
methods they won the esteem and respect of all with
whom they came in contact, and in 1867. for the accom-
modation of their customers, who were in the habit of
leaving sums of money in their care, they established the
present firm of Walker Brothers, bankers, continuing in
ineir mercantile Interests as before. The success or tne
bank was assured from Its very inception. In 1885 the
bank was reorganized and changed from a private to a
national bank, and for the ensuing nine years was known
as the Union National Bank. At the expiration of that
period it was again incorporated as a private Institution

RKMDHSLE OK MATTHEW H. WAI.KKR.
To be errrtrd on South Tcmplr Slim.

before coming on to Salt Lake, with a band of hardy
pioneer* of those day*. After experiencing the many
hardships with which the venturesome settlers of those
days were forced to become familiar, the family arrived
In this valley In the year 1852. There were four sons In
the family, all of them older than Matthew, and that
they were endowed with more than the average ambi-
tion, perseverance and determination, has been evidenced
by the factors which they afterward* proved themselves
In the transformation of a desert wilderness to the pros-
perous commonwealth with which we deal In this publlca-

The school advantages of '61 In this valley were nee-
krtly limited, and the opportunities which young Wal-
ker had to secure an education were meagre Indeed.
!! haii. however, been a student all his life and from the
great teacher Experience be ha* acquired a knowledge
of men anil affairs equalled by few who have had op-
portunities thrust upon them.

He learned the mercantile business from the ground
up. and. when his brothers engaged In business on their

under Its original title, that of Walker Brothers, a name
by which It had been known for so many years previous.
For over a third of a century this establishment has been
among the most highly honored and respected in the
West, and during that time has known no reverses.

In 1873. associated with his brothers, Mr. Walker se-
< iin-il a large Interest In the Emma mine In Little Cotton-
wood Canyon, and after operating the property successfully
for a time disposed of the mine to a New York syndicate.
The mines of the famous Ophlr district next attracted his
attention, and he was one of the incorporators of the Pio-
neer Mining Milling Company, a pioneer In every sense
of the word, a statement which will be appreciated when
It becomes known that this company brought the flrst
stamp mill Into the territory. After successfully operating
the property for four years. Marcus Daly, the late cop-
per king of Montana, who at that time was In charge of
their Ophlr mine, was sent up Into Montana on an ex-
ploring trip for Walker Brothers. Marcus Daly's atten-
tion was called to the Alice mine on the famous Rain-
bow Lode. He reported favorably upon the prospect, and

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

two of the brothers, after making a trip to the property,
purchased it. No time was lost in moving their twenty-
stamp mill to the new location. The Alice for many years
was a most highly productive piece of property. At pres-
ent it is being worked by lessees.

Besides owning a controlling interest in the Alice, Mr.
Walker is treasurer and director of the Honerine of Stock-
ton, and is interested in the Little and Big Cottonwood
Canyons, as well as having large interests in the Tintic
district, and property in Shasta county, California. Mr.
Walker controls one of the largest dry goods establish-
ments between Denver and San Francisco. The busi-
ness is the outcome of the small mercantile establish-
ment which was started in 1859 by the Walker Brothers.

It is gratifying in reviewing the careers of men who
have won a golden reward in the West, to find so many
who have proved worthy of their good fortune; and
among those who enjoy the congratulations and good-
will of their fellow citizens none have stood higher than
the Walker Brothers, of whom Mr. M. H. Walker is the
sole surviving representative in this great commonwealth.
He has manifested enterprise in the inauguration of con-
cerns giving employment to hundreds of men; he has
demonstrated his public spirit by his magnanimous sup-
port of all worthy enterprises, and by the association of
his name with all moves tending to the moral and ma-
terial advancement of his city, county and State.

ARTHUR L. THOMAS.

AWAY back in the Keystone State, in smoky old Pitts-
burg, there was born, in 1850, a youth who had in
him rare determination. His education was obtained
in the common schools. This, however, was added to and
rounded out under the instruction of private tutors, and in
1869 he found himself employed in a clerical capacity in
the House of Representatives at Washington. He remained
there for ten years, being advanced from time to time to
responsible positions, and there he got his first practical
lessons in American politics.

It was in 1879 that Mr. Thomas came to Utah. His ar-
rival was important in that it was for the purpose of filling
the office of Secretary of the Territory. His appointment
was made by President Hayes. He served for four years
and was re-appointed to the same office by President Ar-
thur. For four years more Mr. Thomas discharged the
duties of Territorial Secretary, and in 1886, while still serv-
ing in that capacity, he was appointed by President Cleve-
land as a member of the Utah Commission. In 1880 he was
the Federal supervisor of Utah's census enumeration. In
1884 he was appointed by the Legislature as a member of
a committee to revise and compile the Territorial Statutes.
He was identified with the labors of this committee until
the spring of 1889, when he was appointed Governor of
Utah, his commission coming from President Harrison. His
term as Territorial Executive ran for four years. From
then until January, 1898, he devoted himself wholly to
business affairs and was very successful therein. At that
time he received the appointment from President McKinley
of Postmaster of Salt Lake City, and in January, 1902, was
re-appointed to the same office by President Roosevelt.

Mr. Thomas, while governor of Utah in 1890, issued
the call for the meeting of the first Irrigation Congress.
It was just before this time that Mr. Thomas co-6perated
with the legislature in securing the passage of the statute
that gave to Utah the free school system of the present
day. It is an historical fact that business of all kinds
prospered in the territory under the administration of
Governor Thomas and that more development work was
done at that time than during any previous similar period.
His administration, too, witnessed some of the most stir-
ring as well as some of the most important events.

Aside from the responsibilities attaching to these
larger offices Mr. Thomas has had many duties to dis-
charge in other directions of public trust, such as being a
member of the board of directors of the Deseret Agricul-
tural and Manufacturing Society and divers other organi-

zations. He was chairman of the commission which
adopted the plans and erected the State Prison in 1891,
chairman of the board of trustees which erected, two years
previously, the first buildings of the Agricultural College
at Logan ; also a member of the commission which com-
pleted the Reform School buildings at Ogden; member of
the board of insane asylum commissioners at Provo, and
chairman of the Republican state convention which elect-

HON. ARTHUR L. THOMAS.

ed delegates to the Republican National convention which
nominated McKinley at St. Louis in 1896. For the past
ten years he has been a member of the Republican state
executive committee and was a member of the last Re-
publican convention that nominated Hon. George Suther-
land for Congress. Since acting as postmaster, however,
he has refrained from taking the stump or otherwise en-
gaging actively in political work. During his terms of
office as postmaster business has constantly increased in
the Salt Lake office, while the service has been as good
as can be found in any city of similar size in the country.
Mr. Thomas takes great personal pride in it and has se-
sured some appreciated reforms. He has also had very
much to do with the installation of the rural delivery sys-
tem in this county, which is greatly appreciated by the
residents in the different sections where it has been put
into operation.

UTAH THK INLAND l.MI'IKK

DAVID KEITH.

THE subject of this sketch began his career at an age
when most young men of the present day are re-
ceiving their educational training, and his active
life forms an interesting and instructive lesson, especially
to the aspiring youth of the time who desires to achieve
success. In Utah there are few more respected citizens than
David Keith, and he stands among the leading men of
this State in Influence and wealth. Success has not made
him a less genial, wholesouled, charitable gentleman
than he was when a fairly successful miner in the days

ing to try has fortune in the West, went to California.
After a short stay in San Francisco, he went to Virginia
City, Nevada. The Comstock in those days was the great-
est mineral producing section in the world, and untold
wealth was being taken from the mother earth. Young
men of ability were in demand by the mine owners, and
Mr. Keith found no difficulty in securing employment. His
early training in Nova Scotia stood him well in band, and
being of temperate habits, he soon won advancement. He
was foreman of the Overman and Caledonia mines, and

DAVID

when be operated on the Comstock. but, on the contrary,
Mr. Keith si 111 IliulH pleasure In helping those who deserve
help. It has been Mid truthfully of those who have amassed
wealth In the mining Industry that In obtaining fortune
ihcmielves they take from no other Individual, but. on the
rontrary. add to the material wealth of the country. Mr.
K.-itti has not alone added to the material wealth of Utah,
hut In his own surceM has been ft factor In adding to that
I others.

David Keith was born May 27. 1847 at Mabou. Cape
Hreii.n Island. Nova Scotlft. and I* a son of John Keith
an>l Margaret Ness-Keith. His father was a farmer, and
the family Is of Scotch descent After attending the
public schools Mr. Keith, though only a lad of fourteen
years of age. In order to assist In the support of hl
family, went to work In the cold mines of Nova Scotia.
He followed this pursuit for five years and then, determln-

.in H.

when the famoua Korman shaft was projected by the
owners of the Overman Mine, Mr. Keith was selected as
the man to take charge of this Important work. The
results were not what the projectors of this work had
anticipated, hut the shaft was sunk between twenty-three
hundred anil twenty-four hundred feet before It was aban-
doned. In the sixteen years that Mr. Keith was on the
Comstock, he made an enviable reputation for himself as
a mining man. and when he left that section In 1883 for
Park City. Utah, his fame had preceded him; but. like
most of the mining men <>f that period, his worldly pos-
sessions were de. i,|.-,ii\ meagre. First he became foreman
of the Ontario No. 3 Mine, which position he held for eight
years.

Practically the first operation In which Mr. Keith
was Interested on his own account was when. In company
with Thomas Kcarns and others, he secured a lease on

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

the Mayflower, and worked it successfully for a time,
the property finally becoming involved in litigation with
the Northland Mining Company, which seriously hampered
operations for some time. The Northland was afterwards
bought by the Silver King people. Numerous other proper-
ties were brought to his attention, some of which he
interested himself in. His experiences were similar to
hundreds of Western mining men, who have wooed and
won fortune in the hidden treasure houses of Nature
among the Utah hills. But all this time Mr. Keith was
familiarizing himself with the character and formation
of the country contiguous to the camp.

It was in the early 90's th'at David Keith, associated
with Thomas Kearns and others, bought the property
which has made the Park City District famous. The ore
showed remarkable values, and after doing sufficient work
to conclusively demonstrate that the ore bodies werf

for many times their cost. The wisdom of his course grows
evident daily. Give him the credit also for being a man
who, suddenly becoming wealthy, has exercised a wisdom
in its use reciprocally to the advantage of himself and the
community in which he lives.

Four years ago Mr. Keith removed to Salt Lake City,
where he has since made his abode. He erected one of
the most beautiful and imposing homes in the State, situ-
ated in the choicest residence portion of the city. He
has acquired other valuable real estate holdings in various
parts of the business and residence portions of the city,
and has evidenced his faith in the supremacy of both by
the erection of some of the most substantial business
blocks to be seen on our streets. He has always pur-
chased for investment and not for speculation, and the
property he owns is to a large extent producing income.
His mining interests are by no means confined to the Park

RESIDENCE OF DAVID KEITH.

of immense proportions and secure a patent, the Silver
King Mining Company was organized and incorporated in
August, 1892, and from that date active development work
and production began.

The reins of management having been placed in the
hands of Thomas Kearns and David Keith, a policy of
expansion was at once inaugurated. In the original
instance it was a necessity, owing to the fact that the
Silver King claims were of insufficient area for the prose-
cution of extensive operations such as were contemplated.
Not the wealth of the Silver King alone, but its location
in the midst of the camp's largest producers made the
surrounding and unexplored territory valuable assets.
Mr. Keith was not slow to recognize this fact, and at his
instance the company has expended vast sums in adding
to its territory in the last ten years, representing a series
of investments which the company would not forfeit today

City district nor, indeed, the State. He is heavily inter-
ested in various properties throughout the camps of Ne-
vada, a state in which he is thoroughly acquainted with
all the mines and mining men.

Mr. Keith is a man of strong character, and as such,
has won prominence in hisl profession. He is a man
of comprehensive judgment, and, as such, has conducted
vast mining operations with ability and success. He Is
also a man of generous public spirit and has contributed
most liberally to the general interest. He is a man
who receives the congratulations of his fellows when
fortune smiles, and such a one as would retain their
friendship and esteem should the fickle dame choose to
frown. He is a man of exalted ideas, and loyal and
unflinching in all his relations; and among the mining
men of this and adjacent states few men are held In
higher esteem for worthy attributes of character than he.

UTAH THE INLAND KMPIRI.

EDWARD PAYSON FERRY.

THE FAME of the Park City Mining District is world
wide, and this fact is due not alone to the wonder-
ful riches nature has stored up In the everlasting
hills of Summit County, but equally to the brains, energy
and perseverance of the men who cast their lot in that
region, and in presenting any facts regarding the great
mining camp, it Is a duty, as well as a pleasure, to pay
tribute to those who have forced the treasures from their
hiding places and aided in giving the Park the high repu-
tation it has obtained. Among those who have been most
prominent in this respect, none are more worthy of special

the lirm. Their interests extended at that time pretty
much over the State of Michigan and included a number
of lumber carrying vessels upon the Great Lakes. At one
time the firm enjoyed the distinction of being the largest
lumber merchants in Michigan, a State which had more
lumber kings than all other States combined. The work
attached to so great a commercial enterprise fell heavily
upon the junior member of the firm, as his brother Hon.
Thomas W. Ferry, took an active part in State and Na-
tional politics, thus leaving the management of their vast
lumber Interests to his brother Edward. In addition to
the responsibilities incident to the successful directing of

HOWARD PAYSON KERRY.

mention than the man who Is the subject of this biography.
Kdward Payson Ferry wan born In Orand Haven, Mich-
igan, In 1837. HI* father was one of the first white settlers
In Ottawa County, having emigrated to Western Michi-
gan when It was the frontier State of the Union. It was
but a natural sequence that he should become din* My
Interested In the lumber business, as Michigan has long
been known as the greatest timber State of that region.
His son, Kdward. after receiving his education In the pub-
lic school* cif bin native rlly and later taking a course
at that celebrated Institution of learning. ll-L.lt College,
followed In the footsteps of his Illustrious sire. In connec-
tion with his brother. Thomas W. Ferry, he formed the
firm of Ferry A Bro.. Edward P. being junior member of

so great an enterprise. Mr. Ferry for twenty years was the
political manager of his brother Thomas W. Ferry. That
he displayed a rare knowledge of men anil possessed ex-
ecutive ability to a marked degree will be admitted with-
out a dissenting voice when It Is announced that under his
management Thomas W. Ferry made his presence felt In
National political life for over twenty years. He served
his State as Representative fur four terms and wan i:it- i
elected Senator at the expiration of bin first term Immedi-
ately succeeding himself. The strain of so strenuous a life
made It necessary for Mr. Ferry to abandon for the time
being his extensive Intercuts In bin native State, and M- -K
recuperation In a milder climate. Accordingly. In 1878.
at a time when the wonderful riches of Utah's mineral

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

wealth were being heralded to the world, we find him a
resident of Park City.

Stagnation and retrogression were not elements of
the young man's character. It was his role in life's drama
to rise and advance; hence it was but in the nature of
things that shortly after his arrival he became interested
in the mines of the district. At that time the famous
Ontario was the bonanza of the State, and by many con-
ceded to be the only property in the district worth locat-
ing; Mr. Ferry, with far-seeing judgment, became con-
vinced that the ore bodies which were making the owners
of the Ontario wealthy, extended beyond the limits of the
Company's property, and he quietly began the purchase
and location of claims in the district. Mr. Ferry demon-
strated by the success of his initial experiences, that it is
not so much mining luck as correct business principles
which are requisite to success in mining operations.

In company with former associates in Michigan, Mr.
Ferry located and secured by patenting, an interest in
many properties in the district, in the meantime thor-
oughly familiarizing himself with the geological forma-
tion of the camp before attempting to promote a company.
In the early '80's, after having spent several years in the
district, he, in connection with others, effected a combina-
tion of several claims and companies and organized them
into the Crescent Mining Company. Mr. Ferry acted as
Vice-President and General Manager of the property for
a number of years until it was disposed of to other parties.
It is a noteworthy fact, that under the active direction of
Mr. Ferry as General Manager the Company paid the only
dividends which it ever distributed. Among the other
promotions of Mr. Ferry are the Woodside and the Boss,
both properties having been worked and patented for
many years and the controlling interest still being retained
by Mr. Ferry.

In 1888, in connection with the Cleveland multi-million-
aire, John L. Wood, Mr. Ferry financed the Anchor Min-
ing Company. The promotion was effected by the consoli-
dation of various interests in the district, some of which
were involved in litigation at the time. Mr. Ferry as-
sumed his customary active position in the direction of the
affairs of the Company, with the result that the Anchor
Mine developed marvelously during the succeeding few
years. It is interesting to note, in this connection, that the
property was sold last spring to the Daly-Judge Mining
Company, of which that veteran miner. John J. Daly, is
the President and heaviest owner. The Daly-Judge people
own extensive interests adjoining the Anchor property,
and they will be developed through the Anchor shaft and
tunnel.

Among the big bonanzas in which Mr. Ferry is a stock-
holder, we mention the great Silver King, which he as-
sisted in organizing; the Daly -West, which is noted for the
regularity and munificence of its dividends; and the fa-
mous Quincy Mine of the same district; also the parent of
all Park City properties, the celebrated Ontario, which has
a record of having disbursed over fourteen million dollars
to its owners. Aside from his mining interests, Mr. Ferry
is an extensive owner of real estate in Park City, and was
one of the original owners of the townsite company, upon
whose lands the camp has been built. In 1890 he became
interested in the great forests of Washington, where on
the shores of Puget Sound he acquired immense tracts of
the finest timber land in this country. He organized a
company, now known as the Ferry-Baker Lumber Company,
and commenced an energetic crusade in the business pur-
sued by his father before him. The acquisition of addi-
tional interests, however, proved too much for his impaired
health, and shortly after, he was compelled to relinquish
the management of his extensive interests to his sons,
one of whom, E. S. Ferry, is a law partner of Joseph T.
Richards, and the other, William Montague Ferry, by
reason of special training with a view to relieving his
father of the responsibilities and the cares incidental to his
mining interests, is especially fitted to hold the position
he does in relation to his father's business.

While so much of Mr. Ferry's time was necessarily
engaged in his private interests, he was not blind to the
obligations imposed by good citizenship, and in 1888 and
again four years later his influence was felt upon the floor
of the Legislature, as a Representative from Summit
County. He was honored a number of times as Delegate
to the Trans-Mississippi Congress, and at the meeting of
that organization in Denver in 1891, he was elected per-
manent Chairman. Among the distinguishing traits of
Mr. Ferry's character, not the least predominant and praise-
worthy is his philanthropy. The magnanimity with which
he conducted his relations with the laboring man has been
the occasion of most favorable comment, wherever his
generous acts are known. Mining, the pursuit in which
he attained a fortune, owes much to the man whose per-
severance and well directed efforts have added evidence
to the fact that this field of enterprise is as much the
realm of the business man and financier as it is of the
speculator and investor. The community in which he lives
is indebted to him no less for the influence of his career
than for the unfailing and liberal support he extended to
all projects conceived in the interest of the moral and
material welfare of the City and State; and it is but just
to say that few citizens of Salt Lake City, public or private,
are held in higher esteem than he.

4 8

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

JOHN DERN.

IT HAS been urged against mining by the novitiate that
one has to be the "early bird" to reap a harvest of gold.

No impression could be more erroneous, as has been
demonstrated beyond dispute by the countless instances
to the contrary in mining history ; and residents of this
section do not have to search far for convincing evi-
dence that every day has its opportunities, and that they
are not reserved for the "lucky" man more than for the
conservative and far-seeing investor. Especially Is this
true of quartz mining, where extensive development is
required to exploit a mine, and even in the case of placers
the successful working of
abandoned ground is of fre-
quent occurrence. Among the
striking examples afforded in
Utah substantiating the pre-
ceding assertion, the Deseret
News could present no better
individual instance than that
found in the following ca-
reer:

Born in Germany in the
year 1850, the early boyhood
of John Dern was spent in his
native land, until he attained
the age of fifteen, at which
time he came to this country,
settling In Illinois, where he
had a married sister. In the
spring of 1869 the Union Pa-
cific Railroad was completed
and the great plains States
experienced their first real in-
flux of settlers. Among the
throng who battled for a home
In Nebraska was young Dern,
then still in his teens. Fre-
mont was little more than a
frontier town in those days,
but the rich agricultural land
surrounding It proved a
source of attraction for set-
tlers, and In farming Mr.
lii-rn made his first start
In life.

Being of a commercial turn of mind. Mr. Dern was
nut content to remain a farmer, but only used this occupa-
tion as a stepping stone to something more to his liking.
By 1880 he had accumulated sufficient capital to engage In
hiiHlncss. and recognizing the opportunities afforded In
handling grain, lumber, coal and live stock, he embarked
In thU pursuit. During the next ten years he was estab-
lished In this line of business In Fremont and nearby towns
In Dodge County.

While Mr. Dern'* business affairs necessarily en-
grossed the greater portion of his time, he still found op-
pot (unity and inclination to respond to the obligations
Imposed by good citizenship. We accordingly find him
representing the counties of Dodge and Washington, In
t!i- Tenth District, as State Senator In 1889 and 1890. He
also served bis party as treasurer of Dodge County for two
I.TIDK during the early '90s. During his Incumbency he
thoroughly demonstrated his fitness for the office, and
served to the satisfaction of his constituents.

Naturally In his dally association with men of affairs
be became Interested In numerous business and manufac-

JOHN DERN

luring enterprises. In 1892 he disposed of his grain busi-
ness and purchased farms of the most productive land in
that section of the State, which he secured during the
financial depression prevalent In 1892, 1893 and 1894.
These interests he still retains.

It was 12 years ago that Messrs H. W. Brown and G.
S. Peyton, former residents of Nebraska, who were then
living in Salt Lake, induced Mr. Dern, E. H. Airis and
other Fremont men to become interested in what was
afterwards known as the great "Mercur" mine, at that time a
mere prospect, and white it was known since 1870, when

what is now Mercur was the
mining camp of Lewiston, to
have carried gold In consider-
able quantities, no effort had
been made to do mining for
gold. The ores were not free
milling and little had been
done except to work the mines
for silver.

Upon arriving on the
ground, in the interests of
himself and associates, to ex-
amine the property. Mr. Dern,
although not a mining man,
believed from the surface
showings that the prospects
were good for developing big
ore bodies. He accordingly
recommended to his associ-
ates the purchase of the prop-
erty. They immediately com-
menced the development of
the mine and were rewarded
beyond their most sanguine
expectations. The Mercur
Gold Mining and Milling
Company was incoriwrated in
1890, the company having suf-
ficient ore blocked out to
warrant the erection of an
amalgamation plant. This pro-
cess proved a failure.however,
as only 15 per cent, of the
metal was saved. Various changes and experiments were
made without success, and had it not been that the mine
developed so well the owners would undoubtedly have
suspended operations. Their perseverance was rewarded,
however. In the discovery of the cyanide process for treat-
Ing ores, which proved a wonderful success with them. H
Is appropriate to state In this connection that the Mercur
was the first mine In the United States to adopt this pro-
cess In the extraction of gold.

It Is a noteworthy fact that many of the successful
mining operators of the West are men who have entered
the flelil wit hunt previous mining experience, a considera-
tion which would Indicate 'that It Is not so much mining
lore as correct business principles that are requisite to suc-
cess In mining operations. Mr. Dern Is an Instance In
point. His first mining experience was In connecton with
the Men-iir mine, and he was the organizer and Incorpora-
te of the Mercur Oold Mining and Milling Company, of
which he was president until IU consolidation with the
De La Mar mines two years ago.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

A history of the consolidation of the Mercur mine with
the Golden Gate properties, owned by Captain De La Mar,
the bonanza king of a dozen States, is a most interesting
one. The deal was accomplished in Europe by Mr. John
Dern and Captain De La Mar. The total area of the com-
pany's ground is 944 acres. One million shares made up
the total of the stock in the new company, which was incor-
porated under the title of Consolidated Mercur Gold
Mines Company.

The merger of the various mines proved a most shrewd
and diplomatic move on the part of Mr. Dern, and met
with the best possible result from a practical standpoint
for both mines. The economical and successful treatment
of all the ores of both mines was made possible, while a
vigorous system of development work opened up immense

property is now in most excellent condition. He is also
a director and heavily interested in the Dexter-Tuscarora
Consolidated Gold Mines Company, and has since acquired
many other valuable mining interests. Among his most
recent investments is the purchasing of a controlling
interest in and the organization of the Creole Mining Com-
pany of Park City. This company owns valuable claims in
the best mineralized zone of the famous Park City district.

Mr. Dern has exercised the utmost caution in the se-
lection of the properties, and the highest tribute that may
be paid his judgment is the unqualified success with which
his ventures have been favored. While this is necessarily
founded on the fact that the properties themselves pos-
sessed exceptional merit, it is but fair to attribute their
successful development to the influence of a far-seeing

RESIDENCE OF JOHN DERN.

new ore bodies in both the Golden Gate and the Mercur,
which insured the successful operation of the largest cya-
nide plant in the world for years to come. Among the
improvements inaugurated was an electric tramway con-
necting the two mines.

The company immediately took rank as one of the
heaviest producers and dividend payers in the State, and
in this connection it is pertinent to say that the Consoli-
dated Mercur employs more men than any other metal
mine in Utah.

Mr. Dern was Vice-President of the Consolidated Mer-
cur Gold Mines Company until the last of February, when
he and his friends acquired the De La Mar interests in the
company, whereupon he was chosen President, while E. H.
Airis, of the Dexter Tuscarora Consolidated Gold Mines
Company became Vice-President, and George H. Dern
Treasurer and General Manager.

In 1901 Mr. Dern assisted in organizing the Consoli-
dated Uncle Sam Mining Company. This was formerly
the old Jesse Knight property, located at Tintic. Since
the consolidation work has been pushed rapidly and the

policy in management, a ready grasp of conditions and
a forceful administration of office. Mr. Dern has ever
been a man to read the great book of human nature aright,
and, as a result, has gathered about him men whose at-
tributes comport well with his own exceptional ability.
The truth of this statement is reflected in the able man-
agement of the great Mercur property, which has become
celebrated for the regularity and munificence of its divi-
dends.

John Dern is a typical Western man. He possesses the
generosity and warm-hearted hospitality of the Rockies,
and the traits of character which won him friends in for-
mer days bind them to him to-day. He is one who has
accepted fortune graciously, nor has permitted it to
estrange the friendships of former days. Mr. Dern is a
man of praiseworthy public spirit, and has contributed
directly or indirectly to the furtherance of all public
moves meriting his support that have been inaugurated of
late years. In public and private life he stands for the
moral advancement of society, and the influence of his
presence in the community is for culture and moral growth.

UTAH THE INLAND EMP1RI

P. A. H. FRANKLIN.

THE lives of tbe men who have won fame and fortune
In the mineral wealth of the West furnish the biog-
rapher with material for romance, and their expe-
riences are the warp and woof of anecdotes more engaging
than the tales of the Arabian Nights. Among the many
who compose this colony in Salt Lake City few are better
known than the above-named gentleman. To him attaches
an interest as one of the successful promoters and mlne-

antl young Franklin inherited the sterling qualities of
character predominant in the race. He was educated in
his native land where at seventeen years of age he entered
a military school as a private. He was a diligent student
and made rapid progress. His scholastic education con-
tinued uninterruptedly until his graduation from the insti-
tution as an officer in the army at twenty-two. While in
the military school, he early developed a taste for mechan-

P. A. H. FRANKLIN

ownem in the State. Success, however, has wrought nn
miracle alienating him from lilt* fellow men. He is the
courteous. unassuming business man that he was
I term- Fortune consented to smile upon him. To
say that Dr. Franklin has had an Intensely interesting
career is expressing it but mildly; few men of this
'"iritry bare succeeded In so marked a degree. In spite of
obstacles, as be.

Dr. P. A. H. Franklin Is one of the million born sons
of Norway adopted by Uncle 8am. He made his debut
upon life's stage fifty-live yearn ago. on the 8th of August.
1847. HU parents were of a sturdy Norwegian ancestry.

Irs and engineering, and accordingly took a course la
rlvll engineering. Immediately upon his leaving the mllf
tary school he was apiiolnted a civil engineer for the
Danish government. The most Important piece of engln-
..MIII- .! "iiu.lisheii by him during tbe ensuing three
years In which he was retained as a government engineer
was tbe draining of th<> famous Seabourg Sea. This
remarkable engineering feat was accomplished by running
canals four miles to tbe ocean, Seabourg Sea being four
feet above the ocean level. 12,000 acres of fertile farm-
ing land were thereby maile (it for tilling. There Is an his-
toric feature connected with this Incident In the young

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

engineer's life. The castle of Queen Catherine, famous
in history, stood upon the very edge of this body of water,
which by drainage was rendered farming land.

In 1873. at the age of 26. young Franklin left his native
land for the greater possibilities offered to ambitious youths
on this side of the water. Arriving in this country with-
out friends or even a knowledge of the English language,
he remained but a short time in New York before start-
ing West. He visited Pittsburg, Chicago and many other
points in the Middle States before finally deciding to come
to Utah, which at that time was attracting world wide
attention by its mining excitement. Accordingly the
same year, 1873, found him a resident of this state, where
he has since lived.

With a capital consisting of determination to win,
backed by the home influences which had instilled into
his very fibre the elements of industry, thrift and honesty
that were to count for so much in his after life, he im-
mediately looked about him for employment in the voca-
tion which had so strongly appealed to 'h/im mining. He
first secured work as a common miner in the famous old
Flagstaff mine in the Little Cottonwood Canyon. Right
here was the difference between Dr. Franklin and the
average prospector and miner. Devoid of experience or
knowledge touching geology and mineralogy, he read and
studied, and so equipped himself to recognize indications
which would pass unnoticed by the superficial and igno-
rant genius, among whom he was so marked an exception.

After remaining at the Flagstaff for three years, during
which time he occupied various positions from drill-
man and common miner to shift boss and foreman, he
finally, in 1876, left the camp. His next venture was at
the great copper camp of Frisco, where he erected a
saw mill and secured adjacent timber land from which to
draw his supply of lumber. He sawed most of the lumber
used in the construction of the houses in the old town of
Frisco, as well aa having supplied the timbers for the
Horn Silver Mine. Having thus acquainted himself with
the intricacies of practical mining and the saw mill in-
dustry,, he was next engaged in work upon the Horn
Silver smelter, where he acquired a complete knowledge
of the process and the plant. He was also employed in
building the first dry concentrating mill ever erected in
this State, the old Carbonate and Rattler Mine having let
the contract.

It is not our purpose, within the compass of this
sketch, to follow his career through the various camps of
the West that claimed his attention for the seven years
intervening between 1883 and the time of his first promo-
tion in 1890. But we may say briefly that his experience
was that of hundreds of other Western mining men who
have, in the course of their careers, made and lost
a score of fortunes. The American mining man of moder-
ate resources is a born plunger, and it is through his fear-
less investment that the mineral wealth of the continent
has been exploited and opened up; and, incidentally, that
many individual instances are recorded where prominent
mining men have found themselves once more at the foot
of the ladder.

In 1890 Dr. Franklin secured an option on the Niagara
Mine of Bingham, and incorporated it as the Niagara Min-
ing Company. He was the supreme head and manager
of the company for some time, finally disposing of his
interests in the property. Later he became interested in
the old Hope Mine of Basin City, Montana. It would be
strange indeed if, in his daily contact with mining men,
Dr. Franklin should not have been interested in the field
of promotion. He established substantial connections in
the East, and accordingly in 1896, he promoted the sale
of the United States Mining Company in Boston, a prop-
erty which early secured a place upon the list of dividend
payers, and one whose stock is much siought after. In
1898 he organized the Blackbird Copper-Gold Mining
Company, of which he is the President and General Man-
ager. The property of the company consists of 103 claims
surrounding the famous Cactus Mine, now owned by
Samuel Newhouse and associates. The company also has
67 claims in the Blackbird Mining District in Idaho. Under
the efficient management of Dr. Franklin, work upon the
property has been progressing rapidly. The claims are
located in some of the richest mineralized territory of that
section of the state, and the ore values presented are
most encouraging. About this time, Mr. Franklin secured
control of the celebrated Yankee Consolidated Mine in
the Tintic District. At the time he assumed charge of
the company the mine was heavily involved in debt and
development work was in a most unsatisfactory shape.
With his characteristic ability for grasping the situation,
he took the reins, with the result that the Yankee Con-
solidated rapidly forged to the front, and when he sold his
interest in the property last August, the mine was in a
most flourishing condition, as is attested by the demand for
stock upon the Salt Lake Stock Exchange.

Among the most recent, as well as the most successful
promotions made by this veteran operator, financier and
promoter, are the Red Bird Mining Company, of which
he is President and General Manager; the Mount Baldy
Mining Company, and the Snowbird Copper Mining Com-
pany, of which he is the President, General Manager and
heaviest individual owner. These companies are all
located in the famous copper belt, lying between Frisco
and Milford on the Oregon Short Line Railroad. Dr.
Franklin is conceded to be one of the most successful pro-
moters in the State. The principal companies he has or-
ganized and incorporated are too well known on 'change
to require more than passing mention. The mining man
who reads this magazine, wherever he is, will recognize in
Dr. Franklin a man who by his natural versatility and by
his extensive knowledge of mining is especially fitted for
a promoter.

No one who has read the story of bravery in adversity,
of struggle and determination, of perseverance in the face
of despai", and of the surmounting of obstacles in the life
of Dr. P. A. H. Franklin, can but feel to congratulate him in
the reward which has come to him. He is a man of pre-
eminent executive ability and keen perception, and these
qualifications have given him an enviable reputation in min-
ing circles throughout the State.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

WILLARD F. SNYDER.

THERE is yearly as much Invested in mining as there
is in banking, and according to an authority upon
the subject banking does not prove as safe or as
profitable as mining. This may be received with some
skepticism by some, as the old idea that mining was a
speculation at best is still believed by many. The busi-
ness of mining has now become practically a science, so
that a mine is not as it 'was a speculation. Competent
engineers and mining experts are able to determine just
what the extent and nature of any given mine are and
the owners have only to figure the cost of getting out the
ore and having it transported to the mills or smelters to
ascertain what their profit will be. Among the little
colony of men in this city who have been instrumental in
developing the mines of not only this but adjoining States,
with their own private capital, and interesting that of
others, few have accomplished more or worked In a
broader field than the gentleman whose name appears at
the head of this article.

The careers of the mining men of Salt I-ake furnish
some of the country's most Interesting bits of personal

STREET SCENE IN SALT LAKE IV TIU f \KI.V >>.
TABERNACLE IN THE BACKOROIM)

history. That of Wlllard F. Snyder is no exception to the
general rule. From his early boyhood he was reared in the
adventurous atmosphere of a mining camp, and being con-
stantly associated with mining men it Is not surprising
that we find his entire life has been devoted to the follow-
ing of this most fascinating calling. He owes his

nativity to this State, having I n horn thirty-nine years

ago In Davis County. Ills parents moved to the Infant
mining ramp r>f Park City In 1870. Then the camp boasted
if little besides Its name, and tin- great bonanzas which
have since been developed ami numbered among the great-
est mines of the world's history wore lying dormant, the
Ontario at that time being considered the only property
In the district with any promise.

I'titll reaching his twenty-fifth year young Snyder had
confined his attention to foaming and freighting In and
around the ramp. He WM an observing youth and had
by close study of the country formed an ex. client Idea
<if th<- geological formation r the country surrounding the
ramp: and to this learning was added the keenest of Intel
lects and the shrewdest of natures.

The rear 1888 marked the beginning of the mining
excitement In Plute County, for It was In that rear that

the Gold Mountain District made its debut into the mining
world. A mining man in the truest sense, ever on the alert
for new discoveries, it is not surprising that we find Mr.
Snyder on the ground in the morning of its fame. He lost
no time in making locations, and soon had three claims
staked out. Here it is apparent that his previous mining
experience had. been of inestimable value, and one of the
first claims he located at that time was the Annie Laurie.
He afterwards sold the property to the Bald Mountain
Mining Company. In connection with associates he next
purchased some locations already made that promised well,
and organized^ the Sevier Mining Company. This property
he disposed of in 1896 to advantage. His interests in the
district had by this time assumed such proportions and
had met with such success that he branched out more
extensively as a promoter and operator. His quick per-
ception had discovered larger possibilities, and he con-
cluded to try for bigger things.

He had a most thorough knowledge of the intricate
mineral formations of the district which he had helped to
organize, and was so sure that all that was needed to
develop the mines was capital that he made a trip to
Chicago in 1898 to establish Eastern connections. His
wide acquaintance among the mining men of the country
served him in good stead in the "Windy City." and in
the same year he negotiated the sale of the Annie Laurie
for what was considered an enormous price for the
property, $400.000. That the purchasers secured a bargain
is evident when it is stated that today the mine is valued
at five millions. At the time, this was the largest deal
that had been consummated in that portion of the State.
His next successful promotion was the organization of a
pool in which C. K. McCornick and others were interested,
for the purchase of the St. George Copper Company, better
known as the "Dixie" Mine. Under the direction of Mr.
Snyder the mine was developed until a year later he sold
his controlling Interest of 70 per cent for $200.000. Today
the property is valued at three-quarters of a million, thus
fully demonstrating Mr. Snyder's reputation as a success-
ful promoter.

The same year he started negotiations for the Dalton
and Lark property. With Mr. Snyder engineering the deal
the property was put In shape and seven months later the
Blngham Consolidated Company purchased the property
for the large sum of $1.250,000. which up to that time waa
one of the large transactions made In that district.

Above we have reviewed the career of Wlllard F.
Snyder In part; but we have reserved for the last his
crowning achievement, wherein he has tendered to this
State a corporation that has accomplished much In the
way of developing our latent mining : hi July.

l!ni|. n company was formed under the style of the West-
ern Exploration Company, and Mr. Snyder passed to Its
official head as President, and has since diverted opera-
tions as Its General Manager. Annum the gentlemen who
are associated with him In the company are IV L. Klmberly.
a resident of Sharon. Pennsylvania, and a multimillionaire.
and one of the present owners of the celebrated Annie
I-anrlc; W. O. Filer of the same city Is a director and
Vice President; C. O. Elllngwood of thin city acU as Sec-
retary. Treasurer and Director as well. They, together
with Bismarck Snyder. complete the directorate of the
"'tnpany.

Among the various properties which the company has
acquired the Motiorlne Mining and Milling Company Is one

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

of the most promising. Years ago this mine produced over
two millions above water level. When this was reached
the old company suspended operations on account of inabil-
ity to get rid of the water. The company under the direc-
tion of Mr. Snyder propose to run a tunnel into the hill
7,000 feet, at which point it will tap the vein 500 feet below
the old workings, and 1,400 feet below the surface. Work on
the tunnel commenced on the 7th of July, this year, and to
date they have broken the record on tunneling, having
driven it a distance of 1,500 feet in 90 days. The company
owns the controlling interest in this property as it does in
all the mines it is associated with. Like the Montana cop-
per king, W. A. Clark, Mr. Snyder does not believe in retain-
ing a minority holding in properties, thereby displaying one
of his strongest characteristics.

The Sampson Mining Company, located in the Bingham

of the company are invested. They hold an interest in the
property and have an option on the balance. As thirty
men are engaged in developing the mine, it will probably
be heard from shortly, although it is known to be a high-
grade proposition. Another gold property in which Mr.
Snyder has interested his company is the New Pass Mining
Company, located in Austin, Nevada.

He recently secured an interest in the Balaklala
Mine of Shasta County, California. It is considered one
of the biggest copper properties in the State, and immense
sums of money have been expended by Mr. Snyder's com-
pany in the development of the ore bodies, with the result
that at a recent examination by an eminent mining expert
it was estimated that over one and three-quarter million
tons of ore had been blocked out. There seems no limit to

SALT LAKE C1TV IN 1901, FROM THE CITY AND COUNTY BUILDING.

mining district, is another of the earlier acquisitions of the
company, and one upon which development work has been
pushed so vigorously that the mine is now upon the list
of "shippers." In the Tintic District the company is inter-
ested in the Boss-Tweed Mining Company. The property
is situated between the Carisa and the Star Consolidated,
and if there is anything in location and the history of
mining has proven that there is the Boss-Tweed has a
future and we may add, a present as well. Work on the
property is being pushed in accordance with the policy of
the company's management.

The same shrewd business acumen which has charac-
terized Mr. Snyder's operations in this State is evident
in his acquisitions by purchase of a number of California
properties, among which we may call passing attention to
the Red Cross Mine located in Nevada County, California.
A twenty-stamp mill has been erected upon the property,
and will be in operation by the first of the year. The
mine is a gold proposition and the ores are treated by
amalgamation and concentration, one of the most econ-
omical as well as satisfactory methods of handling free-
milling ores. Recent scientific discoveries make it pos-
sible to handle ores at a profit which formerly were of no
value owing to inability to treat them.

The Gold Peak Mining Company of Kern County, Cali-
fornia, is one of the newest properties in which the funds

the- depth of copper veins in the Montana bonanzas, and
this seems to be true of all mines, in fact, where that
mineral is found, whether it be Montana, Arizona, Utah or
California. By reason of the new milling machinery and
modern methods of smelting, large profits can now be
realized from ore which was formerly thrown aside as too
low a grade to be smelted, or the mine was not worked
at all. The low grade ore mines today are among the
most valuable because of the immense quantity of ore and
the small expense with which it is mined.

Mr. Snyder, though an unusually active man in the
conducting of his rapidly growing and diversified interests,
finds time for the gratification of various other dominat-
ing instincts. Quiet and unassuming, yet shrewd and tact-
ful, he has a faculty for solving aright the multifarious
problems of an eventful career, and his business judgment
has been amply evidenced by the success of great enter-
prises. Starting in life without capital, he has demon-
strated the value of energy, foresight and pluck in building
up a profitable business and one in which his interests are
identical with those of the State in which he operates.
His success has been manifestly the result of business
attainments of an exceptional character, and an ability
that has made him prominent among the most successful
promoters not only of this State, but of the West as well.

Wte(rh> OF THE

THE CITY OF THE SAINTS. Such is the distinctive
municipal pseudonym bestowed by a celebrated
writer and traveler upon Salt Lake, the world-wide
famous metropolis of the inter-mountain region, which a
little more than half a century ago was the undisputed and
undivided abode of red-skinned savages and beasts of the
wilderness. And a pretty and proper designation it is.
But still prettier and far more romantic Is the city

His name In a region where desolation reigned, and civili-
zation was unknown.

Salt l.ake has no prototype in the New World. In
many respects she has none in the Old, though Jerusalem,
that ancient habitation of peace and subsequent center
of strife, was set in a land that has marvelous counter-
parts in the abiding places of the Latter-Day Israel, whose
chlefest gathering point is Salt Lake "The City of the

I Mf FAMOUS MORMON TKMPLK rORTY YEAR! IN BUILDING E5TIMATKD COT f l.

Itself. Where In there a city on the American continent
that ban the historic Interest or the picturesque surround-
lnt?n posscKiMNl by the beautiful young capful that BO
proudly and majestically rear* her head amid desert lands
and mountain fastnesses? A city, given to the world
through thp travail and (tufferlngs of a people who. fleeing
from the enemies of religion* thought and liberty, sought
Ood and bullded not only a State, but erected Temples to

Saints." conspicuous and glorious among the vales of Utah
as was the city of David above the valleys of Hlnnom
and Jehoshaphat. Palestine has Its River Jordan that
connected Its Dead Soft with a lake of living water. So
has Utah. It had Its Mt. Nebo that towered above Its
rugged fellows. So has Utah. It had IU thirsty farms
ami orchards that drew their liquid life from thp fresh
water lake that emptied IU contents Into the sea of salt.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

In both lands these bodies are conceded to bear a surpris-
ing likeness to each other, and both have other character-
istics so much in common as to suggest the thought that
the Divine Architect must have designed it so.

RETROSPECTIVE.

As another writer has stat-
ed in the opening article to
this book, Salt Lake City was
founded in 1847. The man
whose name will be linked
with it most closely in the
cycles of the future, as it has
in those of the past, is

Brigham Young. It was his wisdom that formed the
controlling force in that marvellous journey across the
trackless plains from the Missouri River to the shores of
the far-famed saline lake that "lies between the mountains

build up Zion. A soil as dry as powder, with a vegetation
so sparse as to cause the instant query, "Is it possible
that the sustaining things of earth can be produced here?"
was found on every hand. The few silver streams that
threaded their way from the Wasatch Range were quickly
licked up by the thirsty sand and gravel. But what the
site lacked in the way of inviting verdure was compen-
sated for in the natural advantage of location. That much
the visitor of today can readily see. He finds a city of
homes such as he has never seen before. On a gentle
western slope of the Wasatch Range in a splendidly
protected corner, the city stands overlooking the valley of
the lazy Jordan, now tapped on every hand to give life
to the thousands of orchards and farms that run from the
very fringe of the city itself to the mountains round about.
From the plateau above thisi city of homes, or from a still
more elevated position farther up the mountain side, from
one of the hundreds of peaks that stand like sentinels

THK l.KKAT "MORMON" T ABKRN ACLK ONK OK THH LARGEST AUDITORIUMS IN THE UNITED STATES.

and the great Pacific Sea." His was the mind that planned
in detail every undertaking of consequence in that unpar-
alleled pilgrimage. His was the mind that saw to the
execution of every assignment and the overcoming of
every obstacle that was thrown in the way of his mighty
purpose. And his was the mind that, after the arrival
of the Pioneers in the Promised Land of the New World
planned the future "City of the Saints."

THEN AND NOW.

The stranger who lingers within the gates of Salt
Lake City today can but poorly picture the desolation
that reigned in the sun burned desert on the entrance
into the valley through Emigration Canyon on July 24, 1847.
Still, if he has any imagination at all, he can see in the
dim past, enough of the condition that obtained at that
time to know that it must have taken stout hearts and
determined minds to select this as the place in which to

guarding the city and valley of thrift and industry, the
best view is obtained. He looks out upon a grandeur of
scope and environment that must stir to the very depths
the soul within him, when he sees what is, and remember
what was. He will never know what it cost to make the
mighty transformation that has been wrought, but he can
see that the City of the Saints is) a living, breathing
miracle in the heart of the Great American Desert.

WAS MEXICAN SOIL.

Utah was Mexican soil when the historic band of
Pioneers came as a vanguard to blaze the way for Western
civilization. It had been part and parcel of that country
from the beginning. But immediately on the arrival of
the Mormons they took possession of it in the name of
the United States, and threw the Stars and Stripes to the
breeze from the top of Ensign Peak, which stands almos
at the very head of East Temple Street, the principal

5 6

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

thoroughfare of the city. And from thie same proud
eminence Old Glory floats today on all State and patriotic
occasions.

When the Pioneers gathered for the first time or
the site where the great white stone Temple now stands

INTERIOR OF THE TABERN ACLK-SEA'l I Mi CAPACITY 8,003.

they were addressed by Brigham Young, who reminded
them that they had gathered In Utah according to the
direction and counsel of Joseph Smith, the prophet and
founder of the Latter-Pay faith. It was a solemn assem-
blage. Those who comprised it had just completed the
most notable pilgrimage of modern times. They had
Journeyed over a practically untraversed country for more
than a thousand miles. It had been a hazardous march.
Death and disease had pressed them heavily, and much
of the time the gaunt finger of famine had pointed at
them. The new land Into which they had come was sterile
anil uninviting. That was evidenced on every hand. Still
they murmured not. The master spirit that swayed them
their own faith In the cause they represented told them
that all would yet be well, and that they would become
a blessed and prosperous people. That waa enough.

THE CITY'S SITE CHOSEN.

It was on the evening of the 28th of July that this
meeting was held. It Is recorded that the hush that fell
over the gathering was of the most solemn character, and
that all spoke and acted as one man. They saw eye to
eye. There was no dissent. All was peace and love. They
had just voted upon the location and plan of the new city.
Under the Inspiration of the time they bad listened to the
declaration that the city they were about to found was
but the Installation of a new dispensation of civilization
mid the everlasting hills, and that that founding had been
not only foretold hut directed by their first prophet. They
wanted no innnv They knew full well that he would
have been with them In person had he not died the victim
of the bullets of assassins. But tln-y Uii"w. I.HI, that his
mantle had fallen upon a great man, and that be would
direct them aright.

At the meeting In question the Apostles were
apixilnted a committee to lay off the city. A few day*
lat>>r the actual work of surveying was under way and In
charge of Orson Pratt, one of the profoundest mathema-
tician* of his generation, and Henry O. Sherwood. At

this time the question arose as to whether 40 acres, the
area first determined upon for the Temple Block, would
not be too large. The matter was affirmatively decided
and at a subsequent meeting, It was concluded to reduce
It to ten acres, the present size and the area of all the
other regular sized blocks of the city.

THE FIRST BUILDING.
On Saturday, July 31, a concerted movement
was made, and a large bowery of brush and
boughs was constructed on the Temple Block;
this was the first structure in the nature of
a habitation or place of shelter, erected for
white men In the valley, though it was only
a light and temporary affair. On the following
day religious services were held therein, and
on that day it was decided that the Pioneers,
who had divided into two camps, should co-
operate and labor unitedly together; that all
horses, mules and cows should be tied near the
camp at night, that the work of building cabins
as a protection against the rigors of the com-
ing winter should be undertaken without delay,
and that they should be so constructed as to
Form a defense stockade in the event of raids
by Indians. Spanish adobe, or sun-dried brick,
such as are seen in some of the oldest resi-
dences of the city today, was the material
selected; logs from the canyons were also free-
ly used in the construction of the Pioneer
buildings.

THE OLD FORT SQUARE.

A piece of ground in the southwestern part of the
city was chosen for a stockade. Its extent was ten acres.

THt riNIST PIPK OR.\S IN IMF. WORLD.

It was for years called the Old Port Square, but Is now
termed the Pioneer Square, out of regard for the stalwart

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

band that made it their flrst camping place. The fort, or
stockade, was composed of log and adobe houses on the
east side, while the three other sides were enclosed by a

tents or prairie schooners. A year later Salt Lake was
divided into its now famous ward system. At that time
it had nineteen wards. Today it has something over thirty.
A bishop and his two counsellors constituted the direct
authority over each. They served in secular as well as
in religious capacities. They collected taxes and saw

PIONEER MONUMENT.

ErecteJ in memory of the Pioneers.

high earth wall. Thus were very adequate defense and
protection measures taken against marauding redskins.
On August 22, or within one month after the arrival of
the Pioneers, a conference was held in the
bowery and a stake organization, such as
exists today, was provided for. The new mu-
nicipality was also given its first name, on
motion of Brigham Young. It was "Great Salt
Lake City of the Great Basin of North Amer-
ica." The postofflce was named the "Great
Basin Postoflico." and the valley's most
attractive water course the Jordan river and
other streams and objects were given their
titles at the same time. During the following
months the population of the city was steadily
being added to by tne arrival of other Saints
from the East, and soon Old Port was found
inadequate for their accommodation. As a re-
sult two contiguous blocks on the south were
enclosed in like manner. A few of the more
courageous characters lived on the outside of
the Fort, among them being Lorenzo D. Young,
who erected a log cabin on the banks of City
Creek, where now stands the historic Beehive
house.

THE NOW FAMOUS WARD SYSTEM.

Toward the close of 1848 the City had a popu-
lation of 5,000, and 450 buildings. Of course these dwellings
could not afford shelter for all, and many dwelt in their

THE FIRST HOUSE ERECTED IN SALT LAKE CITY.
Still Occupied.

to the judicious disbursement of the same. They as-
sumed the lead and guide in all things; counseled against
litigation or other disputes, and acted as peace arbiters
and adjusters when such arose. This method of govern-
ment was new to the world up to this date. While It
would not now be proper or successful it was then both.
The nearest approach to anything of the kind was that
exercised by the New England ministry in the earliest
colonial days when they discharged wisely and well, func-
tions of a somewhat similar character. Of course, the
men entrusted with these important responsibilities were
chosen by the people themselves and were known for their

[HE ASSEMBLY HALL ON TEMPLE BLOCK.

wisdom and probity. These duties, it should be borne in
mind, were always given gratuitously.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

Immigration into the new city continued and in 1850
it was estimated that it contained 6,000 people. Not all
who came, however, remained. Many, under instruction
of their leaders, were going out into other counties to
colonize and reclaim the hitherto unbroken land that was
threaded by mountain streams here and there. In other
words, they were doing their part in the laying of the
foundation of the great State of the future. As the city
grew, it was found necessary from the very nature of Its
development, to change to the regular machinery of mu-
nicipal government, though strict truth demands the state-
ment that its management has been none the abler since
the change was made. Salt Lake City has had in all
twelve mayors. The first was Jedediah M. Grant, and the
last, and present. Is Ezra Thompson, who is serving his
second term of office.

WHAT IT HAS DONE FOR CIVILIZATION

The part that Salt I^ake City has played in the devel-
opment of the Pacific Coast is a very great one how
great not even the historian will ever be able to tell. Al-

of passing trains of emigrants secured exchanges at far
lower rate rates that were a veritable blessing to them.

lll> I I'KK * \<-l.Y I. A I t.

Erected by Br1|him Young In !('(

most simultaneously with the founding of the City of the
Saints came the discovery of gold In California, and
strangely coincident therewith was the fact that the "Mor-
mons" participated In that Important event. Soon came
the mighty rush of gold hunters across the continent. Salt
Lake was on the highway to the coveted goal. It was the
great stopping, resting and outfitting place between the
Missouri river and the new Eldorado. It was here that
Hiipplles were obtained to replenish the larder that had
run so low en route, or that was emptied altogether before
arrival; for the setltlers of the Salt Ijike valley lost little
time in causing the sterile soil to produce that which would
sustain lift-, the needs of the traveler were supplied, and
nmliT n|TlhV liiHirnrtlon from President Young, the ex-
change was made on the llve-and-let-llve policy. This
does not mean that high prlci-x <II<1 not prevail, for the
contrary was true at times. In fact merchandise, which
was all hauled by ox teams from the Missouri river brought
fabulous prices. For Instance there were occasions when
flour was sold at a dollar a pound; sugar at 60 cents a
pound; nails at $70 a keg; and kerosene at $25 a can. with
other things ID proportion. But In the main the hundreds

THt ALTA CLUB.

Later, other travelers who pushed off into the
wilds of Idaho and Montana, and into sections farther
to the northwest, either in search of hidden treasures
or home sites found similar benefits and advantages.
This was the spot where they rested, where they ob-
tained their fresh supplies. It was, in brief, the half-
way house across the continent. It was the supply
station then, and is in a large measure so today for
much of the same tributary country. Salt Lake ac-
celerated greatly, if indeed it did not make possible,
the building of the first transcontinental railway sys-
tem. With that In successful operation, a great flnan
cial. Industrial and civilizing feat had been accom-
plished, and Salt Lake was made happy in being
placed in close touch with the outside world.

The commercially Inclined mind will readily dis-
cern that Salt Lake City has something more substan-
tial than picturesque surroundings and sentimental his-
tory. A brief glance at the map will show that It Is
situated in the very heart of the largest and most im-
portant trade region of the intermountain West. Small
wonder then that it Is the recognized railroad
headquarters of the trans-Missouri country today.

lrl|kui \w*i In ifta.

The capital that has lioen Invested by the glgantlr
transportation corporations that have long had a
foothold here has been well placed. It Is more than worth

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

the while of the common-carrier kings and financiers whose
new roads are headed hither from Denver on the east,

from Oregon on the northwest and from Los Angeles on
the southwest, to engage in the struggle now under way.

concerns of this city have their traveling representatives
in all of these states hustling for trade and taking orders
for goods manufactured here. That they are meeting
with success is eloquently told in the stupenduous figures
quoted above. There is every reason to believe that the
future will tell even rosier tales concerning the growth of
Salt Lake's business. Why should it not? Salt Lake sits
in the midst of a thriving country with people paying her
tribute for more than a thousand miles around ; and that
they must continue to do so, nature has unmistakably
decreed.

RESOURCES THAT GIVE IT LIFE.

The resources that contribute most to the wealth and
increasing power of Salt Lake City are stable in their

SALTAIR PAVILION ONE OF THE FINEST BATHING RESORTS IN THE WORLD.

They all realize that Salt Lake must not be left on the
side in the present operations and that it must be on the
"main line" for transcontinental and Oriental traffic in
the days to come.

It is a known fact that the jobbing interests of Salt
Lake City are immense that they more than double those
of Denver every year. In 1901 they aggregated actual trans-
actions of more than $25,000,000. This year they will, it
is conservatively estimated, exceed that sum fully $5,000,-
000. These figures are such that they astound the reader but
they are correct nevertheless and show more plainly than
anything else the strong position of Salt Lake as a jobbing
center. This is a prestige that Salt Lake merchants have
been building up in all the years that are past, from the
days when gold dust and bullion were weighed and ac-
cepted in lieu of specie, and when barter was one of
the customs of commercial activity, until now, when every
modern and up-to-date business method is employed to hold
and increase trade relations with the outside states, which
include Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho. Montana, Washington,
Oregon, California and Nevada. Today the big business

character. Their breadth has been measured, their length
scanned, their depth sounded and their productiveness

ON THE SHORES OF THE GREAT SALT LAKE.

tested. They all possess the qualities that insure their
endurance through the long future. The soil of the imme-

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

diate and surrounding country, touched by the magic wand
of modern Irrigation, is made to yield almost everything

KORT UOfl.l U MILITARY POST NKAR SALT I.AKK CITY.

husbandman is being made to y ield as never before
in its history. Great sugar factories have reared them-
selves upon the right and left, and all have prospered
and sown the seeds of progress in their wake. While
Utah in general is the beneficiary of all this, Salt Lake
Is so in particular.

The foregoing are merely a few of the things that
go to make Salt Lake the city of strength that it IB,
and that it will always be. There are others of minor
importance yet substantial in their nature that add
their mite, but those are the main ones and sufficient
to show the stranger how fortunately independent Salt
Lake City is. aside from the unequalled position it oc-
cupies as the natural trade center of an area of such
mammoth proportions as have been heretofore re-
ferred to. Meanwhile it will be well to remember that
as all roads lead to Rome, so do all the avenues of
intermountain business lead to Salt Lake.

ESSENTIALLY A CITY OF HOMES.
The number of people owning their homes is said
to be larger in Salt Lake than in any city of the same
size In the country. No city on the continent shows a

IHK SALT PALACE.

that is necessary or good for man's happiness and
prosperity. Flocks and herds roam upon thousands
of hills and even the forbidding desert wastes afford
the best of winter range for sheep that aggregate
great number* and produce Immense wealth. And
the steep, corrugated mountain chains that encircle
the values of fair Utah, what of them? They aid pour-
Ing forth their streams of gold and silver, of copper
and lead and other metals, the richness of which is
being absorbed Into the common trade life until the
glow of commercial health Is evident everywhere.
Proofs of this are seen on every hand. Employment
for all who want It; new business blacks and hand-
some residences: public Improvements; all attest the
substantiality of the resources that feed the City of
the Saints. The pwman<-M' > f i IK-MI- resources Is un-
<>nable. The mln<* that have been making nn-n
rii h beyond the dreams of avarice In the past, are
Mtlll producing treasure for the benefit of present as
well as future generations. The mines that were only
prospects a short time ago have joined the ranks of
the dividend-payers, and still others are falling Into line, more varied or pleasing style of architecture. Brick and stone
while the fallow earth that Is turned and tilled by the are the principal materials used, and these are of the very

'.K \\ I OK HKK.H \\l ^ I

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

best quality. The color is whatever the builder desires.
The old Pioneer homes are well-nigh things of the past,
though one stands out here and there as a reminder of
some almost forgotten object or character,
linking bygone days with those of the pres-
ent, and contrasting that which is with that
which was. The new era is now here, and
it is here to remain. The humble abodes
of the laborer and artisan are being equipped
with the conveniences of modern domestic
life. The palatial dwelling places of the mine-
owner, the business man and the stock raiser
are of the best types and are so numerous
as to at once attract attention. It is not
strange that it should be a city of homes.
It would be strange if it were not. It has
all of the qualities to make it so, and has
fewer disadvantages than any sister city. In
fact, these are reduced to such a minimum
that it may be said that they do not exist
at all.

ADVANTAGES AND ATTRACTIONS.

If a climate is wanted that will give
health and prolong life it is here. If sunny
skies and bright days are a charm worth
seeking for and enjoying, they can be found
here in all their radiance and glory. If consumption's bony
fingers point at you, the ozone of this region will do as
much for you as that of any on the globe. If you have
rheumatism, the thermal springs and mineral waters that
bubble and boil and come to the surface both within and
without the city, will straighten your back, take the halt
out of your walk and make you young again. If

you have any of the ills that saline bathing will
benefit there is no place on earth where such
ablutions can be had so easily, cheaply and enjoyably as

RESIDENCE OF HON. THOMAS KEARNS.

"AMELIA PALACE. "
Residence of Colonel and Mrs. E. F. Holmes.

on the bosom and in the waves of the Great Salt Lake, only
a few miles distant, where you will learn to your astonish-
ment that you are floatable and unsinkable. If you admire
mountain scenery and love to wander in canyons that rival
the great gorges of the Alps in their beauty and grandeur,
they are at the city's very door. If in those days farthest
removed from winter's cold you would experience the

novelty of standing on the
steps of your home in the
valley and glancing upward
toward the towering peaks of
the Wasatch Range, view the
drifts of snow that are all
but everlasting, you may real-
ize that delight also. If in
the brief space of an hour
or two you would hie yourself
from the city's heat in mid-
summer to live among the
pines and rocks and rare wild
flowers where these snow-
drifts abound, and down
which you can toboggan with
a rapidity far more thrilling
than safe, and where at night
time you must kindle a camp
fire and wrap yourself in
robes of extra weight to keep
your blood at comfortable
temperature, that ecstatic
pleasure is likewise most easy
to obtain. If you would be-
hold sunsets that inspire, en-
thrall, transfix, then turn
your eyes westward from
the city any afternoon of sum-
mer or autumn, across the

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

placid waves of the mysterious inland sea, that lies, the
wonder of the world, four thousand feet above the ocean
k'vcls. ,ind gaze upon the glory of a spectacle that artists
cannot paint or word builders describe. If the Creator has
endowed you with a fancy and a love for the beautiful, you

WM. MtlNTYRE'S RKMIIKM I

will never forget the sight. You may have seen sunsets
elsewhere, but none like these. As the great orb of day
dips lower and lower towards the horizon It would seem
that nature's laboratory has been ransacked for agencies
that will cast upon ethereal canvas colors so deep, tints
BO dainty, so subtle, so miraculously blendful, that one is
almost made to feel that the Artist of All Artists is permit-
ting us to look upon a picture
taken from the gallery of the
Infinite. And thus we watch
the sun as be enacts before
our astonished eyes the delu-
sive performance of plunging
Into the depths of the lake
behind one of a score of Isl-
ands that shut out the last
lingering rays of his light
each day In the year. In an
hour an entrancing twilight
has succeeded the all too-
fleeting display of color cre-
ation, and dark, heavy shad-
ows have followed the twi-
light. Then all Is over until
the morrow, when the same
magic panorama may again
be seen, but with a world of
bewildering variations.

EDUCATIONAL AND SO-
CIAL SUPERIORITY.

The educational and aortal
advantages of Salt I-ake City
are generally recognized. The
public school system alone
has property valued at more
than $1.600.000. exclusive at

the State University, a great and growing institu-
tion itself. Besides these all of the leading churches have
schools and colleges of different kinds. The number of
at this writing (1902) is in excess of 16,000. The compulsory
school age is from 6 to 18 years. The public schools have
attained a high standard of proficiency and
are among the very best In the country. The
buildings are modern and up to date in all
respects. The well-to-do of other States have
not been slow to seize upon the fact that
this is an educational center, and many are
coming here to live on that account, while
others are sending their children hither to
be educated. Then social advantages are all
that can be .desired. There is a moral and
wholesome atmosphere and a friendly and
liberal minded people, among whom it is
good to dwell.

Salt Lake is the undisputed amusement
Mecca of the West. The best that the dra-
matic art can afford may usually be witnessed
here. In matters musical the Utah metrop-
olis is entitled to a place in the front ranks.
That is where it clearly belongs. Its great
Tabernacle choir; its far-famed organ; its
^^^^^^ male voice clubs; Its Ladies' Chorus; its solo
song-birds; its composers, orchestras, conduc-
tors and general musical standing, all attest
that fact.

POPULATION AND MUNICIPAL PROGRESS.

The population of Salt Lake City is about 65.000. Its
public edifices, chief of which is the joint City and County
Building, is one of which any city several times Its size
might well be proud. The principal and most elaborately
Improved park is Liberty Park, although there are others

or A. w. w. i i .

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

whose natural advantages will make them places of beauty
in the days to come. Business streets paved with Utah
asphaltum; two hundred miles of modern, up-to-date rail-

walls; the many other church buildings of unique distinc-
tion; Saltair, the most famous inland bathing resort in the
world; its picturesque Salt Palace; the historic Salt Lake
Theater; the famous Lion and Beehive Houses; the tithing

AN ARCHITECTURAL c;EM.

way lines; more than one hundred miles of stream-fringed
and shady streets 132 feet wide; bank clearances of nearly
two hundred million dollars per annum; a death rate of
only 9.77 per 1,000; a sewerage system of high excellence
and a successfully operated sewer farm; great gold, silver,
copper, lead, iron and coal mines close at hand these are
some of the gifts and blessings enjoyed by Salt Lake City.
As points of particular interest to the stranger it has the

THE STATUE OF THE ANGEL MORONI,
SURMOUNTING THE GREAT "MORMON" TEMPLE.

offices of the Mormon Church; hot sulphur springs; Fort
Douglas, the United States military post; the magnificent
residences; the Eagle Gate; the sarcophagus of Brigham

RESIDENCE OF WILLIAM S. McCORNICK.

Great Salt Lake already referred to; the Mormon Temple
that was forty years in course of construction; the mighty
domed-roof Tabernacle; the organ of all organs within its

Young, and, standing at the head of the main business
street, the great Monument to the Pioneers who, in 1847,
laid the foundations of "The City of the Saints."

COMMIRCIAL BLOCK. SOME I M P< >M S f . < >l H( I Bl II.OIMiS.
MiCORNICK BLOCK. DOOLY BLOCK.

DRR*T Nt W> I-|I.I>I \..

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

City and State in a Nutshell.

WHAT THE CITY HAS.

A population of 65,000.

An unexcelled free school system.

A splendid, unshaken business record.

An assessed valuation (1902) of $34,505.148.

A city taxation rate (1902) of $3.19 per $100.

A bank clearing record (1901) of $180,937,43 1.21.

Fourteen banks with deposits of more than $30,000,000.

Excellent railroad facilities to points both far and near.

Good local and export markets for the products of her people.

Broader streets than any other city on the American continent.

The "fastest" and best bicycle racing track that was ever built.

Famous hot springs, salt water and mineral baths and a big sanitarium.

Lowest death rate of any of the large cities only nine per one thousand.

Numerous imposing church edifices of all the leading Christian sects.

An up-to-date public library, literary and social clubs and art societies.

Two evening and two morning newspapers and other publications of merit.

A world renowned Tabernacle and the grandest pipe organ that was ever built.

A glittering palace of salt, one of the most unique buildings in the country.

A regular unpaid Church choir (Mormon) of more than 500 male and female voices.

The great "Mormon" Temple which was forty years in building and which cost

$3,467,118.
A municipal and county building which has no counterpart west of the Mississippi

cost $1,000,000.
Magnificent mountain chains, pure water, matchless climate and bathing resorts that

are without equals.
A school population of 16,000 children between the ages of six and eighteen years

and $2,000,000 worth of school property.
A waterworks system that belongs to the taxpayers. Seventy-eight miles of a

thoroughly modern street railroad.
A telephone system with more than 5,000 miles of wire 3,500 business house and

residence telephones and patrons.
Great gold, silver, copper, lead, iron and coal mines and marble, onyx and the best

of building stone quarries at her very doors.
A mean temperature of 51 2-10 degrees; extreme high temperature of 98 degrees,

and an even zero record for the lowest temperature and an average of 61 per

cent, of possible sunshine.

REPRESENTATIVE SCHOOLS IN SALT LAKE CITY

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE 67

UTAH'S POPULATION, ASSESSMENTS AND PRODUCTS.

Population of Utah in igoo.

As Per Government Census.

Beaver 3,613

Boxelder 10,009

Cache 18,139

Carbon .
Davis . .
Emery .
Garfield
Grand . .
Iron .

5,004

7,996

4,657

3,400

1,149

3,546

Juab 10,082

Kane . .
Millard
Morgan
Piute ..
Rich .

1,811
5,678
2,045
1,954
1,946

Salt Lake 77,725

San Juan 1,023

Sanpete 16,313

Sevier 8,451

Summit 9,439

Tooele 7,361

Uintah 6,458

Utah 32,456

Wasatch 4,736

Washington 4,612

Wayne 1,907

Weber 25,239

Total 276,749

State's Assessment by Counties.

COUNTY 1901

Beaver $ 1,174,153 $ 1,245,678 Rich

Boxelder
Cache . . .
Carbon .
Davis . .
Emery .
Garfield
Grand . .
Iron
Juab
Kane
Millard .
Morgan .
Piute .

5,188,707
5.642,392
1,794,971
3,755,201
1,324,873

701,658
1,068,493
1,137,657
4,080,627

544,867
2.127,480

888,098

571,828

1902
1,245,678

COUNTY

Rich . .

5,872,264

Salt Lake

6,101,837

San Juan

1,941,764

Sanpete

3,978,166

Sevier

1,459,666

Summit

743,310

Tooele

1,121,905

Uintah

1.258,612

Utah

3,692,268

Wasatch

Washington

968 555

Wayne

791 231

Weber

4
2
5
2
1

10
1

1901

911,010
028,353
312,983
,690,681
.029,349
,041,796
695,243
,234,423
,693,494
,382,582
812.484
346,550
.251,402

1902

817,140

42,495,355

300,014

4,609,917

2,162,838

6,515,991

2,590,475

1,216,919

11,204,545

1,409,222

806,127

343,855

11,993,839

Utah's Products in 1901

Gold $3,817,420

Silver 6,801,816

Lead 3,210,967

Copper 3,750,254

Sheep and Wool 4,200,000

Cattle, Horses and Hogs 3,260,500

Wheat 2,750,000

Hay 5,000,000

Dairy Products 2,000,000

Fruit 800,000

Other Farm Products 1,710,000

Coal 3,467,180

Manufactures 9,000,000

Beet Sugar 1,760,000

Asphaltum 200,000

Miscellaneous 1,500,000

Total 153,228,137

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

UTAH LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY.

THE system now owned and operated by the Utah Light
and Power Company comprises three water-power
plants, 80 miles of high-tension transmission lines,
and also light and power distribution apparatus in and near
Salt Lake City and Ogden, together with one sub-station
for supplying the Salt Lake City Railroad, and some re-
serve steam plants. Probably In no other city of its size in
the United States has electrically transmitted power
reached such a relatively important place in the com-
munity as at Salt Lake City. The development not only
started early, but has been very rapid. The snow-fed
mountain streams of the Wasatch range to the east of
Salt. Lake Valley offered opportunities to the hydraulic

gether with the third plant, as parts of one complete and
comprehensive system, covering a district extending north
and south about sixty miles, including Ogden, Salt Lake
City and a district thirteen miles south of the latter place,
including some large smelters.

The company is now about to commence the construc-
tion of a large dam in the Ogden Canyon, which will form
a storage reservoir for the flood waters. The reservoir so
constructed will have a tot^l capacity of about 2,000,000,000
cubic feet of water, and will be used for both irrigating
and power purposes. When this reservoir is constructed
the Ogden power house will have a maximum capacity of
8,500 horse power. The plant will then be completed as

LAKH BI.ANCIIK.

MID THE MOUNTAINS OF UTAH

DKAI> MAN'^ FAI I .

and electrical engineer which have not been neglected. To
understand the situation, a short historical review will be
necessary. Although coal Is not excessively high, being*
from (2.60 a ton for slack to f4.50 for best lump, the prox-
imity of water-power with high head to such a market as
Salt Lake City and Its surrounding smelters and other
power-consuming Industries, led to the erection several
yearn ago of three different water-|K>wer plants by three
different companies. The Big Cottonwood Power Com-
pany completed a plant In the Big Cottonwool Canyon
fourteen mile* noiitheast of Salt Lake City. In June, 1896.
Tln< Pioneer Klcctrlc Power Company started its plant In
Ogden Canyon, near Ogdon. thirty seven miles from Salt
1-ake City. In July, 1897. The Utah Power Company In 1897
built a plant In the nig Cottonwood Canyon for transmit-
ting power for the Salt Lake City Railroad. The first two
of these plants finally consolidated with the electric light-
ing Interests of Salt Ijikc City, and are now operated, to-

il was originally designed, and will be the finest In the
Intormountaln region. When this dam Is completed, the
transmission line from Ogden to Salt I.ake will be dupli-
cated In order to insure immunity from break-down.

The Big Cottonwood power house and the Utah power
house have each a maximum capacity of 2.000 horse power.
Several improvements are contemplated on the plants In
this canyon, which, while not ln<T<>axliig the total power
to any great extent, will render the plants absolutely re-
liable under all the varying conditions that have been
tniiini to occur In the Cottonwood Canon.

The power Is being transmitted from Ogden at 16.000
volts, and from the Cottonwood Canyon at 12.000 volts.
Certain changes are now being carried out. and when these
are completed the whole transmission system will be op-
erated at 28.000 volts. These Improvements will reduce
losses to a minimum, and will enable the company to ob-
tain not only creator efficiency from all the plants, but

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

also to give a more reliable service under all conditions.

In Salt Lake City the company have now three reserve
steam plants of an aggregate capacity of 2,000 horse
power. These plants are used in case of emergency and
to supply any shortage of power cause by a break-down or
other accidents at the power houses in the canyons.

The company's engineers have designed an en-
tirely new station built in the west end of the city.
This station is eventually to place the several sub-sta-
tions and auxiliary steam plants in Salt Lake City. It is

end of the city, where there is every facility for the de-
livery of coal. The plant at present has a capacity of
400,000 cubic feet per day, and is a mixed coal and water
plant, so designed that either or both systems can be use'd
in the manufacture of gas at any time. Designs have been
made for the extension of this plant as the demand for gas
increases, up to a capacity of 1,000,000 cubic feet per day.
Considerable work has been done during the past year, and
all work that is being carried out is in line with the gen-
eral design, so that in a comparatively short time the com-

I.\KI LILLIAN.

AMID THE LAKES AND PINES.

AMERICAN FORK CANYON.

LAKE PHOEBE.

the most modern and economical generating and dis-
tributing station that can be built. It will be used, first,
as a receiving station for all high-tension transmission cir-
cuits; second, as a distributing station for the light, power
and street railway circuits in Salt Lake City, and, third, as
an auxiliary generating station to be used in case of break-
down of the water power plants or transmission lines.
The company also owns quite an extensive gas plant
in Salt Lake City; also a smaller plant in Ogden City. In
Salt Lake there are about thirty miles of gas mains. The
works are located in a two and a half-acre lot in the west

pany's plant will be absolutely modern in every respect.

The personnel of the administrative staff and manage-
ment of the company is as follows: Hon. Joseph F.
Smith, president; Colonel John R. Winder, first vice presi-
dent; Col. Thomas G. Webber, second vice president; Mr.
L. S. Hills, treasurer; each of whom, with the following
gentlemen is a director: Rudger Clawson, John J. Banigan,
W. S. McCornick, William J. Curtis and George Romney.

Judge LeGrand Young is the company's general coun-
sel, R. S. Campbell, secretary and general manager, and
R. F. Hayward, electrical engineer.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

Z. C. M. I.

A Great Establishment of Immense Public Benefit.

MERCANTILE co-operation is a topic familiar to econo-
mists both in Europe and in America. It has been
closely associated with the development of Utah, and
has been commented upon by tourists and travelers and writ-
ers who have visited the great West. Co-operative efforts
have distinguished the settlement and the building up of the
country now Included in the flourishing State of Utah, and
their effects are seen in the numerous irrigation works
and agricultural and other industrial interests in that re-

divided among the stockholders, who would thus obtain
goods at low figures and share in the results of the busi-
ness conducted. A number of merchants who had been
successful took stock in the enterprise, and some of them
disposed of their stocks of merchandise to the institution
on reasonable terms.

Business was commenced in March, 1869, and the flrst
year's sales reached the sum of $582,750. The success
of the institution has been rapid from the start. Panics

/ION'S CO-OPERATIVE MKRCANTILK INSTITUTION.

Klon. The success achieved by co-operation In those di-
rections, suggested to the groat Mormon leader and pio-
neer, Brlgham Young, the application of the principle to
mercantile and manufacturing pursuits. Under his super-
vision, Zlon's Co-operative Mercantile Institution was pro-
jected. It wa organized October 16. 1868. The purpose
In rlew was the regulation of trade for the benefit of the
entire rommunlty. All the people were Invited to Invent
In Its capital stock, which was then placed at $500.000.
Hy becoming partners In the business of the Institution.
they would naturally be imlin..| In innke their purchases
there. Goods were to be bought at flrst hands. In the
best markets and. where practicable, of the manufacturers,
nd sold at rate* to give a reasonable profit, this to be

have not affected It. Its credit has stood Arm and first-
class from the beginning. It has long been placed upon
a cash basis, purchasing at flrst cost and obtaining the
benefits resulting from cash payments Its business has
radiated to all points from the center establishment. Its
annual sales are close upon $4.000.000. It has paid cash
dividends to stockholders of $2.668.778. besides stock divi-
dends to the amount of $415.000. One thousand dollars
Invested In Z. C. M. I.. March. 1S69, has accumulated to
the value ( $2.<M4. 30. besides bringing to Its owner $4.-
838.05 In cash dividends. A reserve fund has also been
maintained which now amounts to $400.000.

The Institution was flrst Incorporated In 1870. for a
period of twenty-five years. The business was extended

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

to different points for wholesaling to near-by stores, and
branch institutions were established at Ogden and Prove
in Utah, and also at Idaho Falls, Idaho. These estab-
lishments are doing a flourishing business. The period of
the first incorporation having expired in 1895, Z. C. M. I.
was re-incorporated in September of that year, for fifty
yeais with a capital of $1,077,000. Stock in the institu-
tion is now difficult to obtain, as it stands at a high pre-
mium and no corporation in the whole Western slope has
a better reputation in the world of commerce and finance
than is borne by this flourishing institution.

The premises occupied by this institution were orig-
inally erected in 1875, the structure extending 100 feet in
frontage on the principal business street of Salt Lake City,
and running eastward 330 feet, three stories high with a
stone basement. It is built of brick with iron front. This
has now been extended until the frontage on Main street
reaches 160 feet. Extending from the rear of the store
northward to South Temple street, is a brick building of
four stories and basement with a frontage of fifty feet,
occupied by Z. C. M. I. shoe factory, where overalls, duck
clothing and men's shirts are manufactured as well as
boots and shoes. It is supplied with the latest and most
improved machinery under experienced and skillful man-
agement. The floor space of the general store aggregates
175,000 square feet, and the factory 45,000 square feet.
The ground floor of this mercantile bazaar is devoted to
the various departments of its retail business. Almost
every article of ordinary merchandise is there to be ob-
tained, each class of goods being arranged in order, thus
making it in every respect what is known as a depart-
ment store, attended by courteous clerks under expe-
rienced supervision.

The floor above contains dry goods, notions, shelf
hardware and grocery samples for the wholesale trade,
also tlephone rooms anil the general offices of the insti-
tution. The floor still higher is used for wholesale cloth-
ing and men's furnishing goods, china, glassware, crock-
ery, tinware and other similar classes of wares, and also
has packing and invoice rooms.

The roof is so arranged as to throw light down through
openings on each of the upper floors, so that the whole
building is finely lighted from above in the day time. It
is amply supplied with electric lights for night illumina-
tion. Easy communication can be had throughout the
premises by elevators and stairways, and a trolley system
is used for the conveyance of retail purchases and cash
to the wrapping rooms and offices. Splendid modern show
windows, which have been recently placed in the front
of the premises, give an elegant appearance to the stab-
lishment, and afford opportunity for the display of at-
tractive samples, and are as fine as any that may be seen
in very much larger cities, East or West. Throngs of
spectators gather around these windows on the outside,
while business on the inside keeps up a continual flow of
humanity from morning till eve. The factory has a ca-
pacity for turning out five hundred pairs of boots and
shoes per day, and one hundred dozen pairs of overalls.
These goods are noted throughout Utah and the sur-
rounding states for their excellence of material and hon-
esty of workmanship. The Z. C. M. I. brand is a certifi-
cate of their quality throughout the mining camps, anfl
every section where they are in use. The institution has
its own electric light plant and has recently attached
smoke-oonsumers to its furnaces. A drug department has
been in successful operation for many years, furnishing
goods at wholesale and retail and manufacturing all kinds

of essences and flavoring extracts. It occupies a separate
building on the Main street of the city between First and
Second South streets.

There are 275 persons employed in the main store of
the institution, and from 150 to 200 in the factory, and
the payroll covers at least $23,000 per month. There are
a corps of traveling salesmen employed by the institution
who visit the chief places of business on the Western slope
of the Rocky Mountains, and thus extend the great whole-
sale trade of the institution. The buyers for this estab-
lishment are experts, and as purchases are usually made
in carload lots, the great freight business is carried on
with the railroads and many teams, drays and wagons be-
longing to the institution are kept in constant employ.

The officers and directors of Z. C. M. I. are the fol-
lowing well-known and prominent gentlemen, recognized
everywhere as stable business men of sound financial
standing and long experience as men of affairs: President,
Joseph F. Smith; Vice-President, George Romney; Sec-
retary and General Superintendent, T. G. Webber; Treas-
urer, A. W. Carlson; Directors, Heber J. Grant, John R.
Winder, H. Dinwoodey, J. R. Barnes, F. M. Lyman, P. T.
Farnsworth, John Henry Smith, Anthon H. Lund, Wil-
liam H. Mclntyre, Reed Smoot and T. G. Webber. The
names of all these gentlemen are associated with many
other great enterprises in the State of Utah. The branch
institution at Ogden is under the able management of
John Watson, and that at Provo under the no less able ad-
ministration of L. O. Taft.

The great responsibility of the management of this
magnificent enterprise with all its branches and ramifica-
tions, rests upon the shoulders of Col. T. G. Webber, who
has been Secretary and Treasurer of the institution since
1871, and Secretary and General Superintendent from 1888
until the present time. He is a familiar figure in all
prominent business circles. In addition to the important
positions he occupies in Z. C. M. I., he is a Director in
Zion's Savings Bank, the Home Fire Insurance Company
and the Postal Telegraph Company; President of Zion's
Benefit Building Society, the Utah Jobbers' Association
and the Salt Lake Public Library; and Second Vice-Pres-
ident of the Utah Light and Power Company. His title
as Colonel is no mere honorary one; he fough in the
Union Army during the Civil War, and his name is a syn-
onym for integrity, caution, firmness and suavity, and is
known throughout the business world. Treasurer A. W.
Carlson is also a genetleman of culture and experience, has
traveled extensively in both hemispheres, and is a director
in the Deseret National Bank, Deseret Savings Bank, State
Bank of Utah and Zion's Benefit Building Society.

Z. C. M. I. has been of immense benefit to the whole
Rocky Mountain region. It has supplied people of the
West with merchandise of all descriptions of good quality
at fair prices. It has prevented "corners" on articles in
general use, and which may be classed with common neces-
saries. It has stimulated trades and manufactures. It
has kept in the community for general circulation vast
sums that would have otherwise been carried out to other
points, to the depletion of the currency at home. It has
furnished profitable employment to many hands that but
for it would have been idle. It has aided in the main-
tenance of honest business principles. It has given firm-
ness to the financial credit of the business of the state.
It has shown an example of enterprise, progress and the
benefits of building up and beautifying the city and state
where its influence chiefly extends, and it stands as a
monument to the foresight, business ability, and breadth of
mind and character of its great and illustrious founder.

i UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY.

What It Has Accomplished for Utah, Idaho, Montana and Wyoming.

OF THE many characteristics of the Great West per-
haps none are more prominent than its mighty dis-
tances. The territory is so vast, and the population
so small In comparison. Its enormous resources could only
be known and marketed when these distances were over-
come.

Through the agency of railroads and the telegraph this
was in great part accomplished, and a quarter of a century
saw the West develop as did never country develop before;
but It was not until the advent of the Rocky Mountain Bell

have known the West from Its infancy, and its physical
and economic characteristics have been thoroughly studied
and understood. To them a telephone system covering
the whole inter-mountain country seemed a necessity, and
with a proper regard to the peculiar conditions it appeared
to be, and has proved to be. a business success. George Y.
Wallace, President, crossed the Missouri River forty years
ago, and is thoroughly familiar with the whole inter-
mountain territory. Major George M. Downey. Vice-Presi-
dent, is a retired army officer, and scouted over the country

GIU. V. WAI.I.AI K

DIRECTORS OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY.
D. S. Mt'KKAV GBO. M. DOWNKY H. C. Hn I TM<-*. MANMIAI i

W. S. Me L.'KKI, K

Telephone Company that these seemingly impossible dis-
tances became as nothing at all.

In compiling this work the Deseret News cannot omit
an account of this Company and Its indispensable part In
developing Utah, the Inland Empire.

It was Indeed a resolute body of men who first dared
to contemplate a telephone system covering this most Inac-
cessible territory of the United States, where communiti<-*
re so far separated, through a region but sparsely settled.
A personal experience alone can convey some conception
of the endless barren miles between man and his neighbor,
between settlement and city; yet today the lines of the
Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Company connect the
remotest corners of the four great States, Utah. Idaho.
Montana and Wyoming, and the Company Is listed as one
of the strongest and most successful Industrial enterprise*
west of Chicago.

A glance at the personnel of the management goes far
to explain the Company's success and standing. These men

in the days of the Red Men. W. S. McCornlck. Treasurer,
has been most prominently connected with the finances of
the West from the earliest days; and Major H. C. Hill.
Secretary, has long been a resident of Utah. These gentle-
men, with Thomas Marshall and James Ivors of Salt I,ake
City, C. W. Clark of Butte, Alonzo Hurt of Kansas City
and C. Jay French of Boston, constitute the Board of
Directors. The General Manager, D. S. Murray, joined the
forces of the company when a youth, and by his worth
has attained his present office. The excellent physical
condition and operation of the company are In great part
due to his efficient management.

The company has always entertained a keen sense of
Its public calling, and Its policy has been liberal In the
matter of rates and extensions. Each year Its lines are
extended hundreds of miles to Isolated communities, there-
tofore without outside communication except the mall and
stage coach.

An especial feature of Its service combines both the

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

exchanges and toll lines under the one management, which
enables all of its thousands of subscribers to talk directly
with each other. This is an advantage that can best be
appreciated when it is known that fully 90 per cent of the
company's toll line business originates from the private
telephones of its subscribers. One may sit in his office and
talk over 400,000 square miles of territory over the Com-
pany's lines.

The longest one distance covered in a direct line is
from Denver, Colo., to Spokane, Wash., 1,326 miles. An-
other line extends from Northern Montana, near the Cana-
dian border, to Beaver, Utah, a distance of more than
800 miles. From Salt Lake City to Lander in the center
of Wyoming is 864 miles, and the line to Huntington, Ore-
gon, is over 500 miles in length.

Fifteen thousand miles of toll line wires are embraced
in the Company's system. 450 cities and towns are sup-

Montana; Boise City, Idaho; and Ogden and Park City,
City is one of Utah's ornaments; and Butte and Helena.

Utah, each has its own exchange building. In Cheyenne,
Wyoming, a new building is now being erected as a part
of this great system.

'THOUGHTS THAT FLASH MIDST WIRES AND BELI.s
O'ER CRAGGY PEAKS AND FLOWERY DELLS."

plied with the best of modern telephone service. The policy
of the management is to erect and maintain for their own
with each other. This is an advantage that can best be

use buildings in each of the more important exchange
centers. The magnificent fire-proof structure in Salt Lake

This brief account may in some measure acquaint the
public with what the Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone
Company has accomplished for Utah, Idaho, Montana and
Wyoming. No one human agency has done so much to
accelerate business in all parts of the world as the tele-
phone, and in the development of this Inland Empire the
work of the Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Company has
played an indispensable part. Already the distances of the
West have been overcome, and in a matter of months only
what may we not see? Will every prospector in the hills
call to capital below? Will every rancher follow the round-
up by telephone? Will the tail board of every sheep wagon
carry its telephone instrument? The light of the past is
so glorious the shadows are cast far beyond these things;
and if they can be done, we know they will be done by the
progressive management of the Rocky Mountain Bell Tele-
phone Company.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

THE INLAND CRYSTAL SALT COMPANY.

TO THE tourist who periodically visits this section
of the country Utah holds many attractions. From
its lofty, snow-capped mountains with their stores
of precious metals to the beautiful fertile valleys, reclaimed
by irrigation from desert wastes, there is one constantly
changing scene which fascinates and attracts globe-trotters,
tourists and the stranger within our gates. Among the
many natural wonders of this wonderful State none have
been more commented upon than that magnificent Inland

Joseph F. Smith, President; John Long, of Kansas City.
Vice-President ; I. A. Clayton. Secretary and Treasurer, and
Nephi W. Clayton. Manager. With these gentlemen as
officers the new company at once contracted for the erection
of a thoroughly modern plant, and prepared to enter the
I'u-lii in earnest as producers of the famous product of this
famous lake. New machinery was installed, new and im-
proved ideas introduced and with the unlimited capital at
their command the management has succeeded in giving

I ii? t. Klrl.

ISLAM) IRV-.IAL SALT COMPANY'.-. PLANT.

I HI KIM

sea, the Great Salt Lake; without an exception the largest
salt lake In this country, and one of the wonders of the
world.

For many years after the settlement of the productive
land surrounding the lake no attempt was mado to put its
salt to any commercial use, although crude methods were
adopted In securing such quantities as were necessary to
Hi-- little settlements of people along Its shores. Indeed,
not until 1877 was any effort made to reflnc the salt, at
which time a company known as the Inland Salt Company
was formed ami comment f<l operations In a small way on
the site of the present refinery. It remained, however, for
the present company to demonstrate tin- superiority of Hit-
product of the Great Salt Lake when properly reflned.

The Inland Crystal Salt Company, which succeeded to
Hie old Inland Salt Company's business, was organized and
Incorporated through the untiring personal efforts of the
manager. Col. Nephl W. Clayton, who Is one of the pioneer
salt men of the State and had long expressed his confidence
In the future of the salt business when properly handled.
lie organized and Incorporated the present company with
a capital of one million dollars during the year 1898. The
following distinguished officer* compose Its personnel:

to this city the proud distinction of having the only salt
refinery In the entire West. Those who are in a position
to know are unanimous in declaring the plant to be equal
to any In the country, and Its product, the "Salt That's All
Salt." has won a reputation throughout the entire Inter-
mountain country that brooks no competition. Its "Royal
Crystal" brand, in particular. Is known as the finest reflned
table salt on the market, and Is guaranteed to be 100 per
cent, pure salt.

A description of the plant and method of refining may
not be Inappropriate in this magn/ine. which Is designed
to show the Industrial ilevelopnient of the State, and which
would be manifestly Incomplete without particular men-
tion of one of Utah's greatest Industries, the Inland Crystal
Salt Company.

The visitor to the popular lake resort, Saltalr. will,
upon approaching the lake, notice Mreat beds of salt on
either side the track of the Salt l-ake and Ixis Angeles
Railroad. These are the Immense beds Into which the
brine Is pumped from the lake and from which, after the
water has evaporated, the salt Is harvested and hauled to
the refinery. The pumping station Is located In the bed of
the lake to the right of the railroad and but a short distance

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

from the magnificent pavilion. Eacly in the spring the
pumps are started up and kept working night and day for
a period of four or five months. The brine is conveyed by
immense wooden flumes to the salt beds, which cover an
area of over 2,000 acres. The beds are divided off into
blocks or squares and covered to a depth of about seventeen

according to the grade wished, it is finally conveyed to the
packing room, where it is sacked and baled and prepared
for shipment. The company has a most commodious ware-
house with a capacity of several thousand tons. Here the
salt awaits shipment, which is greatly facilitated by the
presence of both the Oregon Short Line and Salt Lake and
Los Angeles Railroad tracks.

Some idea of the extent of the business transacted by
the company may be gained from the knowledge that last
year the sales amounted to over 30,000 tons of salt. An
average of sixty men are employed in the salt beds, refin-
ery and pumping stations. Two traveling representatives,
Mr. Robert J. Shields and Vernon S. Hardy, look after the
interests of the company on the "road," while the Superin-
tendent of the plant, Mr. W. H. Jack, is a gentleman of wide
experience in his particular line of work.

An immense amount of money has been expended in
bringing the plant up to its present state of perfection, and

1500 TONS OF SALT.

or eighteen inches, sufficient water being pumped on to
replace that lost by evaporation until about the first of
September, when the water then remaining is allowed to
evaporate and the salt is scraped up into large square piles
sometimes as much as 2,000 tons to the pile. From these
immense piles it is hauled on the railroad a distance of
two miles or less to the refinery, at which point labor-saving
machinery in the shape of steam shovels, crushers, etc.,
han;lle it. It is crushed and dried, and all foreign sub-
stances such as soda, magnesia, lime and dust removed by
immense steam fans. After a still further process involv-
ing the mechanical handling of the salt a number of times
during which it is ground to the desired degree of fineness

SCENE ON THE SALT BKDS.

the management of the plant is to be congratulated upon the
success they have achieved in giving to this city and State
an industry of which all Utah may well be proud.

WELLS, FARGO AND COMPANY BANK.

AMONG the leading financial institutions of America
Wells, Fargo and Company is to be found in the front
rank. Not only does this hold good in the United
States but in every city of importance in Europe as well as
the Orient and Antipodes, is the name of this banking firm
a household word. In point of resources, reliability and
facilities afforded to patrons, few financial concerns in
the West can compete with this well-known house.
Established in 1852, its history has been one of advance-
ment, while as a prime factor in the building up of the
undeveloped West it stands out in bold relief, towering
above all rivals. The headquarters of this bank are in
San Francisco, branches being established in New York
City, Portland, Oregon, and Salt Lake City, and with corre-
spondents in every city of note in the United States,
Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and the rest of the world.
The bank is under the management of Homer S. King,
President, a financier of National reputation. Its total
resources reach an aggregate sum of upwards of twenty-
two millions of dollars. Its incorporated capital is $8,000,-
000, 80,000 shares which are quoted on the New York
Stock Exchange at from $225 to $250. A statement of the
condition of the bank which was issued July 31, 1902,
sets forth its paid-up banking capital at $500,000, surplus
and undivided profits at $11,089,494.47, with deposits, indi-

vidual or otherwise, amounting to $10,624,567.92. In addi-
tion to a general banking business, Wells, Fargo and Com-
pany also carries on an express business upon gigantic
lines, being one of the leading express companies of the
United States. It operates all the lines of the Southern
Pacific System, the Santa Fe, Rio Grande Western, Erie,
and many other railroad systems throughout the Country.
Taken all in all, this huge Company operates railroad,
steamship and stage lines aggregating 44,583 miles, with
3,873 offices. It owns its own wharf at Jersey City, from
which its trains are daily loaded, unloaded and dispatched.
Every day in the year its own train pulls out for Chicago,
making connections with the Santa Fe. Two through
cars are run across the Continent. The bank deals
with every phase of banking business, offering facilities
that are unsurpassed by any other financial institution in
the West. The Salt Lake Branch of this mammoth con-
cern is located in its own building at Nos. 123-125 South
Main Street, a spot where in the old staging days of Ben
Halliday the reeking teams used to pull up from their long
run across the desert with the mails, gold dust and
passengers. Today this branch is under the management
of H. L. Miller, cashier, John E. Miles, assistant cashier.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

ZION'S SAVINGS BANK AND TRUST COMPANY.

ONE OF the strongest and best managed savings in-
stitutions of this city is the Zion's Savings Bank
and Trust Company, which occupies handsome
and spacious offices in Its own building the Tern-
pleton at the head of Main Street. The above well-
known financial institution was established August 6, 1873,
and since its inception has gradually increased its business
until at the present day it has more than 33,000 savings
accounts and receives deposits not only from people of
Utah, but also from residents of nearly every State in the

furnished, the floor is laid in a unique pattern of art tile . In
addition to the two large vaults of the latest fire- and burglar-
proof design, the bank places at the disposal of its patrons
554 safety deposit boxes wherein jewels and valuable docu-
ments may be stored at normal rent and in absolute safety.
These boxes are so constructed that it is impossible to open
them without the use of two keys, one being in the possession
of the lessee, while the other never leaves the possession
of the bank officials. The bank is fortunate in having as
its cashier George M. Cannon, to whose wisely-directed

II \NK AND TRUM COMPANY*! Bt 11.1)1 Nc. " TH t I I MI'M I < , , l >U ,\I> OF MAIN M K I- M .

Union, oc well as from some foreign countries. The capital
stock of the bank is $200,000. Its officers and directors are
among the most prominent business men and Influential capi-
talists of this State, In whom* ability and Integrity absolute
confidence Is placed. The officers are: Joseph F.Smlth. Pres-
ident; Anthon II. I. Mini. Vice-President : Oeorge M. Cannon.
Cashier; Lewis M. Cannon. Assistant Cashier. The Board
of Directors consists of the President and Vice- President.
Angus M. Cannon, T. O. Webber, Angus J. Cannon. George
!( innldH. Kram is M. l.yman. A. Owen Woodruff, llyrum
M. Smith. U John Nuttatl. James Jack. JohnT. Calne and
John K Winder. Under the prudent and careful management
of the administration Zion's Savings Hank has made Im-
mense strides and wonderful advancement during the past
twelve years. The bank Is appropriately equipped and richly

efforts the Institution owes no little of Its phenomenal
success during recent years. Mr. Cannon Is well-known
throughout the State as a financier of no mean order and
has been honored with positions of public trust as the gift
of the electors at the polls. Among other positions that he
has filled with honor may be mentioned those of Comity
Recorder. Chairman of the State Republican Committee,
and member of the State Legislature. Mr. Cannon was
the first President of the Senate of the State of Utah,
and was also a member of the Constitutional Convention
that framed the State Constitution, and as such was Chair-
man of two Important committees Revenue and Taxation,
and Committee on Public Debt. That he has future honors
In store for him Is generally conceded.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

"SEEING SALT LAKE CITY."

FROM an historical standpoint, Salt Lake City is the
most attractive city of its size in this country. The
tourist or traveler who has crossed the continent and
not stopped at this Mecca of all tourists, "The City of the
Saints," has indeed missed one of the greatest treats of
the transcontinental trip. With its myriad attractions,
in the shape of old buildings associated with the "Mor-
mons" and the pioneer days of the last century, its
majestic mountains at our very door, the great Salt Lake
within easy access and the thousand and one features
which delight the eye, little wonder that the reputation
of this metropolis Of the "Inland Empire" has been
heralded far and wide.

It formerly was quite a problem with the stranger
within our gates as to the best way to see the city within

on these cars are low only 50 cents per ticket, or private
chartered cars, $15. To best illustrate the trip let us
imagine ourselves in the car on a beautiful fall morning.

Starting from the business center of the city, historical
old buildings are encountered from the outset. Among
the first are the Continental Hotel, a few years ago the
finest hotel west of the Missouri River, the Tribune Build-
ing the home of one of the morning papers is further
along on the same street. Running around onto the princi-
pal street, we pass the popular Kenyon Hotel, a modern
hostelry situated in the business center of the city. The
fashionable Hotel Knutsford is soon passed, and the car
speeds down toward the southern portion of the city,
passing through the wide, well-kept streets for which
this city is famous; the former residence of Maude

A M-KING SALT LAKE CITY OBSERVATION CAR AT PIONEER MONUMENT.

the short time which most travelers have to spend in any
one spot. This has been solved most satisfactorily by the
enterprise of a firm who provide specially chartered cars
known as "observation cars." These cars leave the princi-
pal hotels of the city on regular schedules both in the
morning and afternoon, in charge of a competent and
entertaining lecturer, who explains every point of interest
as it is passed. The advantage of this method of "seeing
Salt Lake" over the one formerly resorted to, i. e., "buy-
ing" a hack and being hauled through the streets for an
hour or two, and missing the really beautiful views which
can only be obtained from the high ground in the east
and north traversed by the car line, are numerous. The
aristocratic tourists State officials, Senators, millionaires,
whose time is precious take observation cars. Some wire
ahead for "seeing cars" to meet them on arrival at depots,
and proceed at once to see the wonderful city, and hear
it talked about. All call it the "banner trip." The rates

Adams, an unpretentious little brick structure, is pointed
out, and soon the car arrives at Liberty Park. This
piece of land 100 acres in extent, was donated by Brigham
Young to the city, so the lecturer informs us. A turn, and
again we are running north past the City and County
Building, one of the sights of the city, and a magnificent
structure. Up through Main Street from Fifth South, we
pass the great financial institutions of the city and the
handsome business blocks until Pioneer Monument is
reached. From this point we continue north, pass the
famous Temple, L. D. S. University buildings and up onto
Center Street, where many beautiful homes are situated.
Along the high ground on this street, on a clear day, the
tourist can see the glistening waters of the greatest inland
salt sea on this Continent. Continuing out this street, we
soon arrive at one of the natural hot sulphur springs for
which this city is famous. These springs rival those of

UTAH THK INLAND KM PI RE

the famous Arkansas resort, and have wonderful medicinal
properties.

Again we observe the oldest residence section of the
city, many of the old adobe houses still standing and being
used that were built flfty years ago by the early settlers.
The Tabernacle is visited upon the return, and the car
again passes Pioneer Monument and runs up the hill to
the grave of Brigham Young, and continues out east on
South Temple, or Brigham" Street, to the hills at the
line of the Government Reservation. This is the choicest
residence portion of the city, and there are many homes
lining the thoroughfare that would ornament a Fifth Ave-
nue, a Lake Shore Drive or the aristocratic Back Bay
district of Boston. Here are the homes of many of

the mining kings of Utah. The historic Lion and Bee-
Hive houses. Gardo House or Amelia Palace, and the
Historian's office and tithing houses are also included In
the Itinerary, and two hours after the start has been made
have passed all too quickly, and you have probably seen
more of The City of the Saints than many a citizen who
has resided here for ten years. The lecturers employed
by the company are courteous, educated gentlemen, and
fully describe, in an accurate manner, all the points of
Interest. The cars are the latest product from the
Eastern factories, and the trip is one of enjoyment through-
out The kindest thing you could do for your friends is to
tell them of the pleasures of a trip on the "Seeing Salf
Lake C'ty Cars."

CLARK, ELDREDGK & CO.

AS A branch of trade of paramount importance to the
growth and interest of Salt Lake, and as a represen-
tative and mammoth commercial establishment, the
business of which extends to the remotest corners of Utah
and overflows across the boundaries Into contiguous States,
the enterprising firm of Clark, Eldredge & Co.. 141-143 West
First South Street, must be mentioned in this review of
the growth and development of 'The City of the Saints."
Salt Lake has reason to be proud of the huge business
blocks that line some of her busiest thoroughfares and
establish an air of solidity and metropolitanism throughout
the community. Prominent among the large wholesale
concerns of this city is the one which is the subject of
this sketch. This firm was established In 1881 to be incor-
porated six years later. It was not until 12 years ago.
however, that the flrm occupied their present handsome
and commodious quarters. Prior to that time this whole-
sale house was located in the Hooper-Eldredge Block, but
It soon became apparent that the then existing quarters
were inadequate to handle more than a small portion of
the business which came in by every mall. The present
home of the Clark-Eldredge Company Is essentially one
which In every sense of the word meets the requirements
for which It was erected; the four floors and basement
affording the Company 49.500 square feet of floor area
whereon to store goods. A visit to this establishment 1s
very Instructive, and no matter at what time of the year
the premises may be inspected, they will be found stocked
to the limit. The various lines of goods handled by this
flrm are the most complete In the West, embracing as
they do, groceries, provisions, dried fruits, cigars, tobacco,
cigarettes, confectionery, crackers, nuts, hardware, wooden-
ware, crockery, glassware, tinware, oil. paints, brushes,
drugs, stationery, notions, and many other articles and
commodities too numerous to mention. Their trade Is
large and covers this Inter-mountain region. A number
of traveling salesmen are kept constantly moving through
Utah and the adjacent States with the result that the dally
uhlpments reach large proportions. Buying In carload lots,
this Company does business on a big scale and reaps the
benefits that buying and shipping In such quantities en-
title It to. This business today stands prominent among
the large wholesale houses In the West John Clark Is
General Manager of the Company and John E. Clark the
Secretary. John Clark Is too well knnwa toned any ex-
tended Introduction to U>- residents at tM* State. A

business man, conservative and energetic, he was the
choice of the people of this city at the polls five years
ago for the gift of the mayoralty of Salt Lake City. No

CLARK, ELDRKDCK & CO'S Rill DIM.

sooner was his name put on the Citizens' Ticket than he
proceeded to sweep all before him. His subsequent term
of office was marked by a careful policy which demon-
strated that judicious economy In the administration of the
affairs of this city was marked by effective results. When
Mayor Clark finally relinquished his office, he left behind
him a record which justified many members of both politi-
cal parties In desiring his re nomination and election.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

C. M. NEUHAUSEN.

THE past few years have marked an era of great activ-
ity in building in Salt Lake City, and prominent
among the architects of the city who have contrib-
uted their genius and skill to beautifying the garden spot of
Utah stands Mr. C. M. Neuhausen. The handsome resi-
dences, modern business blocks and commanding public
buildings he has designed and erected are the highest testi-
monials his exceptional attainments could have, and their
forecast eloquently proclaims well-merited prosperity for
him and a staunch maintenance of the city's claim to
modern architecture throughout its growth and continued
development.

Mr. Neuhausen was born in 1853 and owes his nativity
to Germany, that country which has contributed so many
men of genius to the United States. He received his edu-
cation in his native land and graduated in the Class of
'78 from the Polytechnic at Stuttgart. He practiced his
profession but a short time in Germany before becoming
imbued with the idea that America was the great country
of the future, and accordingly he came to Chicago, where
he was connected with prominent architectural firms for
some time. He was afterward located in the twin cities,
St. Paul and Minneapolis, for a number of years, where he
took an active part in the upbuilding of those progressive
places. Coming to Salt Lake City in 1892, Mr. Neuhausen
at once entered the employ of R. Kletting, who at that

he has accomplished within recent years, we mention the
following buildings, all of which will be found reproduced
in half-tone engravings in various parts of this magazine:
The palatial residence of Senator Thomas Kearns and the
handsome home of J. D. Wood, the mining magnate, are

THE ASSEMBLY HALL.

products of his office, also the Kearns St. Ann's Orphanage
and the D. F. Walker Block. He is at present engaged in
the construction of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cathedral,
the extensive addition to the Holy Cross Hospital and the
remodeling and addition of All Hallows College, which,
upon its completion, will materially add to the dignity and

I. I). WOOD'S HOME.

time was engaged in constructing plans for the famous
Saltair Pavilion. Mr. Neuhausen was not the man, how-
ever, to remain long in the employ of another. His in-
herited ambition and renius which, combined with an
indefatigable desire for work, soon led him to open an
office on his own account. He met with immediate and
nattering success, and some of our most beautiful and
imposing buildings were designed by him. Among the work

general appearance of the city's educational institutions,
and the architectural splendor of the city.

Mr. Neuhausen's offices are eligibly located in the
Dooly Block, and are decorated with gems of architectural
design, as reproducer! in drawings and photographs of the
best architecture of the day. Many of his own designs
are in evidence, and it is needless to say that they harmon-
ize with the excellent selection throughout

UTAH THK INLAND KMPIRK

J. A. HEADLUND.

EVERY stranger who has visited Salt Lake has gone
away impressed with her broad streets lined with
palatial mansions and dainty cottages. Marvelous as
has been within the past few years the development of other
lines of business, not one has outstripped that of the archi-
tect. It is more than a business, it is a profession needing
education, culture and a knowledge beyond the mere draw-
Ing of designs and the ability to figure how many shingles
are required to cover a given area. It Is to the architect that
Salt I-ake owes much. In the old days of the adobe house
and the log cabin every man was his own architect. Today
if he desires to erect a home he tells an architect what he
wants and in a few days be has before him plans and

However, with the news of the boom, he elected to come to
Salt Lake, where he has been for the past nine years, dur-
ing which time he has surrounded himself with a good
clientage, and has been Instrumental in erecting numerous
monuments to his good taste in the form of artistic and
cosy residences and imposing structures. Mr. Headlund
is fortunate in having for a partner a fellow-countryman
with a splendid record in his profession, M. E. Liljenberg,
who is ranked among the foremost draughtsmen in Salt
Lake today. He is a gentleman with an exceptionally
bright future before him. Educated in Sweden, he gradu-
ated from the Royal Technical Institute at Stockholm with
honors. Recognizing that America has great possibilities,

CEO. M. CANNON'S ll\lt ON THE HISTORIC OLD CHURCH FARM, FORMERLY OWNED BY IIKH.M \M Ynl M.

elevations. In due season he selects what be wants and
then sits back and lets the architect do the rest without
fear that the various contractors will put inferior material
Into hi* home, for the architect watches all that. The
ssful man today must be endowed with originality
and artistic temperament. If he has traveled and used his
eyes and brain, so much the better. Just such a man In
John A. Headlund, who occupies spacious offices at 623-
524 Dooljr Building, and who has to his credit some of the
best proportioned and neatest structures that have been
erected In Salt Lake. Mr. Headlund has not been a resi-
dent of Salt lAke all bis life, for be has traveled exten-
sively. Born In Sweden, he rossed the Atlantic at an early
age to ultimately settle In Chicago, where be entered
an architect's office,' and later attended the Architects'
Institute, where he soon made bis mark and was picked
out as one of the most promising students. When he
had thoroughly mastered his chosen profession he went
to Kansas City to later settle In Colorado Springs. M>T
be soon became known as a man of progressive Ideas.

be sailed for New York, where he entered an architect's
office as a draughtsman. In all he remained in Gotham
for ten years, when he elected to return home for a couple
of years. But America had charms for him. and once
more he crossed the Atlantic and ultimately came to Salt
Lake, where he entered the engineering department of the
Oregon Short Line, l.ntcr he went Into partnership with
Mr Ileadlund. Hoth Mr. Headlund and Mr. Liljenberg are
prominent In social circles among their fellow countrymen
IHTI- as well as being universally and favorably known
through) ut the community as being men of Integrity and
honest mcthodH. The charge of Inferior work and substi-
tution of marred material that has been laid at the door
of so many architects has never boon hinted at on any work
performed by this firm. They are both highly respected
In this community, and have always exhibited a spirit of
generosity, progress and Integrlt. which has flrmly en
treneheii them In the esteem of the general public. To
enumerate the numerous structures and handsome real-
deuce* they have been Instrumental In erecting In Salt
Lake would require too much space

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

"THE GREATEST THING IN THE WORLD."

STOLID, indeed, is he who can front the awful scene
and view its unearthly splendor of color and form
without quaking knee or tremulous breath. An in-
ferno, swathed in soft celestial fires; a whole chaotic
underworld, just emptied of primeval floods and waiting for a
new creative world; eluding all sense of perspective or di-
mension, outstretching the faculty of measurement, overlap-
ping the confines of definite apprehension ; a boding, terrible
thing, unflinchingly real, yet spectral as a dream. The behold-
er is at first unimpressed by any detail; he is overwhelmed
by the ensemble of a stupenduous panorama, a thousand
square miles in extent, that lies wholly beneath the eye,

ing the eye more by reason* of its somber tone and mys-
terious suggestion than by any appreciable characteristic
of a chasm. It is perhaps five miles distant in a straight
line, and its uppermost rims are nearly 4.000 feet beneath
the observer, whose measuring capacity is entirely inade-
quate to the demand made by such magnitudes. One can
not believe the distance to be more than a mile as the
crow flies, before descending the wall or attempting some
other form of actual measurement.

Mere brain knowledge counts for little against the
illusion under which the organ of vision is here doomed to
labor. Yonder cliff, darkening from white to gray, yellow,

GRAND CANYON OF ARIZONA.

as it' he stood upon a mountain peak instead of the level
brink of a fearful chasm in the plateau, whose opposite
shore is thirteen miles away. A labyrinth of huge archi-
tectural forms, endlessly varied in design, fretted with
ornamental devices, festooned with lace-like webs formed
of talus from the upper cliffs and painted with every color
known to the palette in pure transparent tones of marvel-
ous delicacy. Never was picture more harmonious, never
flower more exquisitely beautiful. It flashes instant com-
munication of all that architecture and painting and music
for a thousand years have gropingly striven to express. It
is the soul of Michael Angelo and of Beethoven.

A canyon, truly, but not after the accepted type. An
intricate system of canyons, rather, each subordinate to the
river channel in the midst, which in its turn is subordinate
to the whole effect. That river channel, the profoundest
depth, and actually more than 6,000 feet below the point
of view, is in seeming a rather insignificant trench, attract-

and brown as your glance descends, is taller than the
Washington Monument. The Auditorium in Chicago would
not cover one-half its perpendicular span. Yet it does not
greatly impress you. You idly toss a pebble toward it, and
are surprised to note how far the missile falls short. By
and by you will learn that it is a good half mile distant,
and when you go down the trail you will gain an abiding
sense of its real proportions. Yet, relatively, it is an un-
important detail of the scene.

The foregoing refers, of course, to The Grand Canyon of
Arizona, the greatest natural wonder in the world. The
Grand Canyon can now be reached by rail over the Santa
Fe but by no other railroad.

Handsomely illustrated descriptive matter will be
furnished upon application to any representative of this
company. C. F. Warren is the general agent of the Santa
Fe in Salt Lake City, while J. P. Hall acts in a similar
capacity in Denver, Colorado.

THE Denver and Rio Grande System, which is known
as "The Scenic Line of the World, and which is the
only line passing directly through Salt Lake City,
forms the most attractive of all the trans-continental routes
traversing, as it does, the Rocky Mountains through the
great States of Colorado and Utah between Denver and
Ogden. a distance encompassing more grand, varied and
attractive mountain scenery than can be viewed from the
car windows of any other railroad of equal distance in the
world.

GARDEN OF THE GODS.

This System is no exception to other great American
roads as to its facilities for providing commodious and lux-
urious accommodations for Its patrons, being famous every-
where for Its splendid equipment. All through trains are
equipped with the newest patterns of Pullman and ordinary
sleeping cars, a brand-new consignment of day coaches, and
its superb dining car service, operated on the a la carte
plan, have no superior on the continent, and nowhere can
the tourist or pleasure-seeker secure more comfort while
traveling than on "The Scenic Line of the World."

It would be Impossible In so small a space as Is offered
herein to touch even lightly on all the sights and scenes
of the great Rocky Mountain region through which the
traveler Is carried on the journey between Denver. Salt
l/akf City and Ogden over this route; but the Illustrations
shown herein will give the public at least a peep Into some
of the wonders of this enchanted land. It Is to be
remembered that stop-overs are allowed at all points on
through tickets, the limits of which will permit.

leaving Denver "The Scenic Line" lies along the foot-
hills, passing over the Divide at Palmer l.ake. thence on
to the beautiful Hiy of Colorado Springs, from which point
by a ride of three hours via the new Cripple Creek Short
Line, the traveler Is In the heart <>( the famous Cripple
i r--''k liutrlrt. the greatest gold mining camp on earth.
From Colorado Springs a branch line five miles In length al-
HO runs to Manltou, at tli<> foot f I'ike's Peak, widely
known UK "The Saratoga of the West."

Leaving Colorado Springs, after an hour's ride south-
ward, we roach I'uehio. th<> m-rond city In point of site
In Colorado, and bemuse of Its great Iron smelting
and other manufacturing Interests la known as the
"Ptttsburg of the Wef '

Turning to the west from Pueblo we soon reach the
thriving towns of Florence and Canyon City, the former be-
ing noted for its numerous oil wells and the latter for its
great coal, fruit and agricultural interests. From both of
these points another entrance to the Cripple Creek District
is had via the Florence and Cripple Creek Railroad. Five
miles distant from Canyon City the main line lies through the
world-famed Royal Gorge, whose precipitous sides rise over
half a mile in sheer ascent from the river. Thence onward
along the foot of the castellated peaks of the Sangre de
Cristo Range, we reach Salida. from which point the
Denver and Rio Grande System has two separate routes
through to Grand Junction. One of these routes Is via the
narrow-guage line which climbs the famed Marshall Pass
and through the world-renowned Black Canyon of the Gunni-
son, while the main line is through Leadville, with its fam-
ous gold and silver mines, crossing the Continental Divide
at Tennessee Pass (elevation 10,240 feet), thence down the
beautiful Eagle River Canyon, passing upder the Mount of
the Holy Cross through the tortuous windings of the Canyon
of the Grand River, within a stone's-throw of the beautiful
Hotel Colorado at the famous pleasure resort of Glenwood
Springs, and on to Grand Junction. All through tickets are
good via either route.

Thence onward we go across the Green River.
which, in conjunction with the Grand forms the Colorado,
and flows into the Gulf of California; through the awe-in-
spiring Castle Gate, over the great Wasatch Range at
Soldier Summit, down through the beautiful vineyard-dotted
Utah Valley, the resting place of Brigham Young and his
followers after a thousand miles of dreary march from the

THR RoYAI.

Missouri River over fifty years ago;, still onward, skirting
the shores of the placid Utah I-ako. following the winding
of the River Jordan until the beautiful City of Zlon Is
reached, the Journey continues by the side of that mystic In-
land sea the Great Salt I^ako. and the great Irrigating canals
to Ogdon. where connection Is made with the railroads lead-
Ing tn the Pacific Coast and California (mints.

W H^

DC w

8 4

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.

THIS Is the oldest life insurance company in America,
the largest in the world, and the best because it
does the most good. It issues the most liberal and
profitable Insurance contracts In existence.

Its policies embody all the modern and most desirable
features of insurance or combination of investment with
insurance, and at the lowest premium consistent with
safety, and prcvide for liberal loans to the insured, large
cash surrender values, stated in the policy ; automatic paid-
up insurance without exchange of policy, or, option for
extended term insurance. Paying amount in instalments
or In one sum. Its contracts are clear, explicit and busi-
nesslike.

The Company Is progressive and liberal, conservative
and safe, purely mutual and returns all surplus to policy-
holders. It is represented in Utah by Rulon S. Wells.

It Is the main desire and ambition of every man to

policy must be continued and the annual payment made
each year, and one may be required to make so many pay-
ments that the estate will not realize a high rate of in-
terest on the total amount paid in. still the probability of
death occurring before that time is reached and the pos-
sibility of its occuning very soon and his estate thereby
realizing an enormous percentage of profit on the money
paid, is practically worth much more than the chance of
his losing the interest or realizing only a small rate.

The capital Immediately secured by investing in life
insurance is the maximum amount and at the lowest cost
upon the first premium being paid, whereas, the capital
secured by depositing the same sum annually in a sav-
ings bank or investing the amount in other securities is
the minimum amount at the beginning, gradually increas-
ing, and it will be very many years before it will equal the
principal at once secured by investing in life insurance.

HOME OFFICE OF THE MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK.

accumulate property and at his death to leave to bis fam-
ily or to his estate a goodly Inheritance. Most men are
able to save from their Income or from the profits of their
business only a small sum each year, and it takes many
year* to accumulate In this way any considerable amount.

By the payment of a small sum of money, called the
premium, to a life Insurance company there Is at once
created a relatively large Inheritance that Is certain to be
paid at death. This payment must be continued year
after year for life, or for a limited number of years, but
ereo to the longest liver the amount so paid or deposited
rarely. If ever, will exceed the amount of Inheritance se-
cured.

If In addition to accumulating an inheritance at death,
It Is desired to make provision for one's self In advanced
life. It can be done by making the payment a little larger
and taking an endowment policy, which provide* for the
payment of the principal to the Insured at the end of a
certain number of years, or to his heirs If death occurs
prior thereto.

While It Is inn- that the Investment In a life Insurance

But rarely. If ever, does any man persistently and con-
tinuously make deposits In a savings hank or an annual
Investment In safe securities. Besides, deposits In sav-
ings banks or sums Invested are subjects to claims of cred-
itors and are liable to be withdrawn or Investments dis-
posed of. and the money expended or lost.

Another great advantage of a life Insurance policy Is
Its absolute security. Nearly every man has lost by bad
Investments or misfortunes In business as much or more
than he has saved, and Is likely to lose In the future a
considerable portion of his savings. Many men have In-
vested In mortgages that were never repaid, or in real
estate which depreciated In value or In stocks of railroads
or other corporations that passed Into the hands of bond-
holders, or In bonds that have defaulted or become worth-
less, or In gold mine* without gold, or In silver mines with

out silver. If the same money hail I n in\.-.-teil In life

Insurance, the principal certainly would hare been re-
lumed and probably a handsome rate of Interest. Pre-
mium* paid to a life Insurance company and continued until

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

death occurs or the endowment policy matures are not
and cannot be lost.

Under the present policies of The Mutual Life Insu-
rance Company of New York, the amount of the insurance
can be at once securely invested at a fair rate of interest
without any loss of time or any risk of the loss of the
principal. That is, the amount can be left with the com-
pany and a contract be taken providing for the payment
of a regular sum in equal annual installments, which in-
cludes interest, for such a number of years as may be
desired, not exceeding twenty. The agreement also pro-
vides that at any time the unpaid installments can be com-
muted and their value paid in one sum. There is thus se-
cured an immediate and safe investment of the principal
for such a length of time as the beneficiary or the holder
of the endowment policy may desire or find convenient.

The Mutual Lite also issues a form of policy called
the Continuous Installment, which provides for a fixed
income of five per cent, of the policy as long as the bene-
ficial y lives and continuing for twenty years after the
death of the insured in any event. This is a very desir-
able contract. As the principal itself is not paid in one
sum, although a large income is secured, the premium
charged for such a contract is less than that charged
for a policy providing for the payment of the whole amount
at death.

Other forms of policies piovide for payment of four
per cent, per annum during a period of thirty-five years
if the beneficiary lives, and the payment of the principal
to the end of the term or at the death of the beneficiary
if prior, or for delivering bonds bearing four per cent,
interest payable at a fixed time. Or annuities or deferred
annuities can be purchased with or without life insurance.
In fact, contracts of life insurance companies are issued
to cover almost any contingency or to suit the particular
circumstances or desires of every one.

The earning capacity and generally a large portion of
the income of every man ceases at his death, but if he has
invested a portion of his income in a life insurance policy
of a sufficient amount he will perpetuate the whole or a
part of his income for the benefit of his family, by the in-
terest that they will receive upon the amount of the in-
surance. During his Hie himself and his family have the
benefit of his earnings; when he dies, his earnings will
cease, but his family should have the benefit of a fund
which will produce an annual sum aproximating his pres-
ent income.

The peace of mind and satisfaction derived from the
certainty that an inheritance is absolutely secured for one's
family or estate is worth to any one during his lifetime a
considerable poition of what it costs. A large life insu-
rance policy relieves the insured and his family from anx-
iety for the future, increases his happiness and gives him
freedom from care and enables him to expend his surplus
income upon the luxuries and comforts of life or in the
bestowal of charity.

The modern life insurance policy is oftentimes a con-
venience during life, as it can be used as collateral secu-
rity for a loan from the company at a low rate of interest
or, if absolutely necessary, it can be surrendered for the
rash value which is guaranteed in the policy.

The premiums paid cannot be lost, for all policies pro-
vide after three annual payments have been made, for
full paid insurance of a smaller amount, or for term in-
surance for a limited number of years for the full amount,
or for a cash surrender value, any one of which provisions
with the value of the protection while the original policy

was in force is an equivalent for the premiums paid.

Life insurance has become almost a universal practice.
The best business men, the most expert financiers, profes-
sional men, men of large incomes and small, farmers, ar-
tisans and most men of good judgment and prudence carry
large life insurance. The wealthiest men of the country
invest large amounts in life insurance. One of the multi-
millionaires of New York recently took a policy of one
million dollars, believing it to be a good investment for his
estate. Hundreds of the strongest and best business men
are insured in amounts of one million to one hundred thou-
sand dollars, and in every community will be found men
carrying life insurance in such amounts as they can afford.
Every man should insure his life if for not more than one
thousand dollars. No one can afford to be without some
life insurance.

A mutual life insurance company is not an organization
for profit, and no money is made by the company as dis-
tinguished from the policy-holders. Small sums are re-
ceived from a large number of people and invested in se-
curities prescribed by the statutes of the State where
the company is organized, and selected with the greatest
care by skilled and experienced financiers. No risks are
incurred and no losses of principal or interest realized
and, although the rate of interest may not be large, the
wonderful effect of compound interest year after year
is sure to give a fair profit to the policy-holders in the
aggregate, and may return a very large profit to the in-
dividual.

By commencing these deposits or payments of pre-
miums in a life insurance company early in life, the time
soon comes when the annual premium required to be paid
is comparatively small in proportion to the risk of death
occurring that year. Any one holding a policy of life in-
surance on which many premiums have been paid realizes
the value of his contract, which can be continued by the
payment of the small premium, and does not feel any re-
gret for the premiums which he has paid; or, if it is a
limited payment policy and the premiums are all paid, he
derives great satisfaction from his policy, which absolutely
secures the full face of it for his estate or family and will
never cost him anything more or give him any care or
anxiety; or if an endowment policy, he will himself re-
ceive the full amount in a few years.

Another reason why one should insure early is that
his health may fail or his family record become such
that he cannot procure insurance.

If one has not insured early in life, he will have to pay
a larger premium because the risk of death occurring each
year is greater, but he will not have to make so many pay-
ments and, at any age he will not pay a higher premium
than the value of the insurance, as the premiums at all
ages are based upon the same principles and are propor-
tionate to the risk assumed by the company.

The above statements and arguments are based upon
the supposition that the full premiums are paid and only
the face value of the policy returned and do not take into
consideration the surplus, which in every well managed
company has been and probably will be a very consider-
able sum. This surplus is applied to reducing the amount
or the number of the premiums or to increasing the amount
of the insurance or the endowment. Many of the policies
cf the Mutual Life have been doubled or even trebled by
the additions secured by the dividends. A life insurance
policy is a safe and desirable investment without any
return of surplus, but the dividends add materially to the
profit of the investment.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH.

rR many years the University ot Utah has been an
important (actor in the development of the State.
Sufficient evidence of this is found in the large
number of its graduates holding positions of honor and
responsibility throughout the commonwealth.

Although beginning with scarcely more than a nominal
existence and having to struggle for years against the most
discouraging difficulties, it now ranks among the best col-
legiate institutions of the West. It was established by law
in 1850 under a controlling Board of twelve Regents and a
Chancellor. Orson Spencer, A. M., whose culture and ability
made him a leading character in the early history of the
State, was its first Chancellor and for several years its
chief instructor. However, little educational work was
done until 1867, when David O. Calder was appointed Super-
visor of Instruction. Under his direction a number of com-
mercial courses were established and were being success-

or Arts and Sciences, the State School of Mines and the
State Normal School, and connected with It is a Preparatory
School.

In the School of Arts and Sciences the ancient and
modern languages, social and political sciences, history,
logic, ethics, literature, mathematics and astronomy are the
prominent features. All these subjects are presented to the
students in the most practical way and with a view to de-
velop the mind and to give that higher culture which char-
acterizes the true and refined gentleman and lady. In this
school the chief object is to afford a general culture and
give to the students a broad and liberal scholastic founda-
tion for future intellectual pursuits.

The School of Mines is an eminently practical school.
All subjects offered in its various courses bear directly on
the life's work for which the student is to be prepared.

The laboratories, the shops and the foundry are all

H I IIK IMN h KM M "I I I Ml

fully carried on when, In 1869, Dr. John R. Park waa elected
President Under his management High School, Normal
ami College Courses were soon established and facilities
offered for a fairly good liberal education.

Since the election of Dr. Park the Institution has come
up through varying degree* of prosperity until three years
ago, when It entered upon what promises to be a new era
In Its history. The most Important change connected with
this recent growth Is Its new location. The Institution now
occupies one of the most favorable sites for higher educa-
tion to be found In the United States. Its new modern
buildings, all erected since 1899, overlooking the Great Salt
Lake and the fruitful Salt l-ako Valley, with the lofty
Wasatch Mountains In the background, constitute an almost
Ideal home for educational work.

The University an now organized comprises the School

arranged according to the most modern Ideas, and In them
students have superior advantages In manual training.

The mechanical laboratory. In which gas and steam en-
gines are fitted up, Is an Important factor In the engineering
courses. Here valuable and practical experimental work
Is done by the students to familiarize thorn with the power
and use of engines. The carpenter shop, the machine and
the forging rooms, and the foundry, where students spend
several hours per week for two years, enable them to obtain
a fund of valuable and practical Information much needed
In their business career. The chemical. mltuTalogical and
assaying laboratories give an opportunity to students to do
practical work In lines especially Important to the mining
engineer. In the electrical laboratory and In that of gen-
'ral physics, such work Is given as will prepare the stu-
dents to manage an electrical plant and to occupy other

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

responsible positions requiring a good knowledge of prac-
tical electricity.

Salt Lake City is surrounded by gold, silver, lead and
copper mines, and the best concentration and reducing
plants and smelters, which give to the Utah State Mining
School advantages rarely if ever possessed in schools of
like character in other parts of the United States. These
advantages, with its fine equipments and men of ability
doing the work of instruction, make it one of the best insti-
tutions for thorough and practical courses in engineering.

The Normal School has grown to be one of the best in

the United States. Eminent educators from different parts
of this country and Canada have spoken of it as being
unsurpassed in some of its important features by any simi-
lar school on the continent. This school includes among
other courses domestic science and manual training, taught
in such a way as to qualify teachers of the grades for
introducing this line of educational work into the common
schools. The training department gives each Normal stu-
dent one year's practice in teaching under expert and
experienced teachers and supervisors.

THE LATTER-DAY SAINTS UNIVERSITY.

THE Latter Day Saints' University is the creation of
the people whose name it bears. It is recognized
and sustained by them as a worthy exponent of
their educational ideals and as an efficient promoter of the
welfare of their youth. The institution has hitherto been
known under the name and title of Latter Day Saints' Col-
lege. The change in name somewhat enlarges the func-
tions and adds to the influence of the institution without
interfering with its work or arresting its development. It
offers well-arranged High School, Normal. Business, Scien-
tific, Classical and Domestic Art courses of study, with only

This University is organized under the laws of the
State of Utah by articles of incorporation that define its
powers, prescribe its duties and indicate specifically its
sphere of operations.

Article IV declares that "the nature and objects of this
association shall be to found a university, with colleges,
academies, schools, institutes, museums, galleries of art,
libraries, laboratories, gymnasiums, and all proper acces-
sories, where instruction of the highest grade possible to
its resources shall be given to both sexes in science, litera-
ture, art, mechanical pursuits, and in the principles of the

BUSINESS COLLEGE OF THE LATTER-DAY SAINTS UNIVERSITY.

such higher or university work as its resources justify.

The mission of the institution is solely one of peace and
good will. Its general aim has been the same under each
of its several names, and consists simply in the intellectual,
moral and practical education of the youth of this com-
munity in those lines especially which are not fully pro-
vided for in the State system of education. As its motto,
"The Lord Is My Light," may indicate, moral and religious
instruction occupy a prominent place in its courses of
study. The work offered is open to all persons of good
moral character that are qualified to pursue any of the
studies given; and it is the intention to provide the best of
instruction in such lines of work as are undertaken.

Gospel as taught by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter
Day Saints. The chief aim and object of the institution
shall be to make its students and graduates worthy citi-
zens and true followers of Jesus Christ, by fitting them for
some useful pursuit, by strengthening in their minds a pure
attachment to the Constitution of the United States and to
our republican institutions, by teaching them the lessons
of purity, morality and upright conduct and by giving them,
as far as possible, an understanding of the plan of salva-
tion revealed by our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Nothing
that is contrary to the laws of the land shall ever be taught
in said institution."

This institution was organized in November, 1886, under

UTAH THE INLAND KMPIKI

the name of the Salt Lake Academy, with Angus M. Cannon,
W. B. Dougall. A. E. Hyde, Spencer Clawson, Francis Cope,
Rodney C. Badger. William H. Rowe and William A. Ros-
alter as Trustees, and Professor Willard Done as Principal.
In 1888 Professor James E. Talmage was chosen Principal.

HAKKATI H M.I., I. A II I- K II \^ - \ I S I > T M \ I KM I Y .

On May IS, 1889, the name cf the institution was changed
to The Latter Day Saints' College, and the standard of
instruction was raised. In January, 1892, Professor Willard
Done succeeded Professor Talmage as Principal. On Octo-
ber 12, 1895, the Trustees changed the title of Principal to
that of President of the Faculty, a college course of four
years leading to the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy
(Ph. B.) was established, and the grade and character of

the work were further improved. The College became in-
volved in debt and in the spring of 1899 most of the teach-
ers engaged elsewhere. President Done resigned and in
July following Professor J. H. Paul was elected President.
The college was again opened in September, 1899, all depart-
ments being located in the Templeton Building. That
school year was the most favorable in the history of the
institution, and the registration of students reached a total
of five hundred. The quarters in the Templeton became
too small. The business department was then conducted

KIRT CHOOI. Hnl/M-. HI II. I \\ I M UK I 11 K M^MURI RIVKR,
KRECTKD BY IIKH.MAM Yol'M, IS IMK HMIh-

ia the Social Hall and all other departments opened in the
Lion House. The year was a prosperous one, notwithstand-
ing the unfavorable conditions. The registration of stu-
dents reached a total of five hundred and sixty-six, the
courses of study were strengthened, and the students more
stric tly classified. The last year, however, was more favor-
able than any of the former years. The enlarged faculty
of instruction and the more ample accommodations resulted
in the enrollment of more than a thousand students. The
enrollment during the present year is greater than that of
the year previous, and the institution has every prospect of
continued growth and increased usefulness.

ST. MARY'S ACADKMY.

WIIKN. in the early sixths, the Catholic Fathers
entered Salt Lake City and Utah, there was no
other religious denomination represented In this
State than the Mormon*." or letter-Day Saints. The
leader of that noble band of pioneers. Brlgham Young.

i in i H \ri i

welt. inn- 1 thi- f'niholic Fathers In a most hospitable man-
ner, and In addition to tenanting them suitable tracts of land
upon whir h t .T.-I i ih.-lr buildings, assisted them In many
ways to advance the cause which they r<> presented . The

altitude of the lenders of the "Mormon" Church toward the
Catholic brothers has since been equally as friendly, with
the result that there is a bond of sympathy and kindly feel-
Ing existing between the two organizations that time serves
I. in to Increase. It Is. therefore, especially appropriate
that In this work. Utah, The Inland Empire, special men-
tion should be made of the educational Institution which
has for over a quarter of a century stood for all that Is
most desirable In the way of an academy for young ladies.

St. Mary's Academy, condui teil under the direction of
the Sisters of the Holy Cross, has been established since
1875 as a hounlliiK ami day school for the education of
young girls. Its central location upon one of Salt Lake
City's choicest residential streets, the ample recreation
grounds surrounding the spacious buildings. Its well-
equipped class rooms anil excellent teachers are factors
which make for the school'* success and prove Influential
In determining parents as to the cholre of schools for their
daughter*. The object of the Academy Is to prepare young
ladles for any sphere of life to which they may be called:
to give a thorough knowledge of letters, science and art,
based upon a solid moral and Christian education. As a
true education consists In the harmonious development of
the moral. Intellectual and physical qualities, a system
which Ignores or neglects any of these elements of the

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

triple culture of the heart, mind and body must be radically
defective. The education given at St. Mary's is of the most
practical and comprehensive character. It is intended to
train the heart as well as the mind to form women who will
not only grace society with their accomplishments, but
honor and edify it by their virtues. How well they have
succeeded may best be judged by the high esteem in which
St. Mary's Academy is held. Some of the most accom-
plished ladies of the West today are graduates of this
justly celebrated institution of learning.

The classes are carefully graded from the primary
studies up to the work of the graduating year, the course
embracing all the branches of a liberal education. The
bodily well-being of the pupils is cared for by the oppor-
tunities for physical culture afforded by basket ball, tennis,
croquet, dancing and fencing and dumb bell exercise. The
English course is systematic and logical, a thorough ac-
quaintance with grammar being insisted upon. Next the
study of rhetoric and finally a study of the masterpieces of
our literature. Vocal music, both private lessons and in
the general class, is conducted under the direction of
teachers of acknowledged ability, while instruction is given
upon the piano, harp, violin and all the minor stringed
instruments.

In the art department special attention is given to the
foundation principles of drawing and shading upon which
is built a superstructure of color work in landscapes, studies

for the purpose for which they were erected. All parts
of the institution are heated by steam and lighted by both
gas and electricity, no fire being in any part of the Academy
building. The bathrooms are supplied with hot and cold
water, and adjoin the sleeping apartments. Special atten-
tion was paid in erecting the buildings to light, heat, ven-

A PRIVATE ROOM ST. MARY'S ACADEMY.

tilation, etc., this being especially noticeable in the halls,
dormitories and class rooms. Every precaution has been
taken to prevent fire or accident.

The Sisters at St. Mary's Academy are all graduates

ST. MARY'S ACADEMY, THE STUDIO AND MUSIC ROOM.

from lite, etc. Latin, French. German, elocution, sten-
ography, penmanship and typewriting are prominent feat-
ures of the course and in each branch and study competent
teachers have charge of the various classes.

The Academy buildings are built of brick with stone
trimmings. They are spacious and modern in every essen-
tial particular and are admirably adapted in every respect

from the well-known and justly famous St. Mary's Academy,
Notre Dame, Indiana, where they spent many years in
preparing themselves for their great work, the proper edu-
cation of youth. Salt Lake City is proud of the presence in
its midst of an educational institution conducted upon the
high order of St. Mary's Academy, and too much credit
cannot be paid the worthy Sisters in charge.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

HOLY CROSS HOSPITAL.

AMONG the many evidences which are presented to
corroborate the statement that "Utah, The Inland
Empire," is an empire in Itself, none will more
strikingly illustrate the point that Salt Lake City is The

HOLY CROSS HOSPITAL.
A Urge Iddition il being completed on the We of the min builling.

City of the Saints than reference to its schools, churches
and hospitals. It Is with pride that the publishers call

attention to the Holy Cross Hospital, which has established
a reputation throughout this inter-mountain country as one
of the best equipped and most modern institutions of its
kind in the West.

The hospital was founded in 1876 by the Sisters of
the Holy Cross, of Notre Dame, Indiana, at the request
of Rev. Lawrence Scanlan, now Bishop of Salt Lake City.
The buildings, a half-tone engraving of which accompanies
this article, are most beautifully located on an imposing
site between Tenth and Eleventh East streets, on First
South street. The institution is one of the most completely
equipped hospitals in the West and has accommodations for
over 100 patients. All the private apartments and wards,
as well, are bright, cheerful and well ventilated, thus con-
tributing much to the comfort of the patients. Every
known sanitary appliance has been installed in the build-
ings, and nothing conducive to the well-being of its pa-
tients has been omitted.

The operating room is furnished with all the most ap-
proved appliances for quick and effective surgical work,
and the corps of physicians are among the most noted in
the State. The private rooms are models of convenience,
and nothing has been omitted that would add to the com-
fort and welfare of the patients. In fact, the excellent
reputation of the numerous Sisters hospitals throughout
the country is fully sustained by this most worthy institu-
tion.

F. PLATT COMPANY.

THE development of the business and commercial In-
terests from primitive methods to modern applica-
tion Is always interesting to the stranger and resi-
dent alike. One of the important features of our growth is
to be found In the F. Platt Company. Since the days of ox-
teams and slow transit in Utah there has been nothing like
leather. In those days the saddler with his awl had to patch
up broken thongs and mend and manufacture traces and
harness for the teams of the roysterlng stage coach. Today
hU avocation Is In equal demand when it comes to the mod-
ern trotting harness or the jockey's saddle. In this march of
progress the firm under discussion has always maintained
Its position In the front rank of the vanguard, and has at-
tained a well-deserved recognition In commercial circles.
The store and factory are situated at Nos. 147-149 State
Street, and are thoroughly metropolitan In appearance, the
stock being notable for the variety and excellence of the
goods. Here the lover of horseflesh may purchase the
finest set of harness that It Is possible to turn out of a
factory, saddles of alt descriptions are displayed before the
gaze of the visitors, ranging from the ordinary stock up
to the highest saddle of the best and finest workmanship.
The firm's motto. "Honest goods, sold without mis-
representation, and on their merits," has Ix-m the
policy of the company from the earliest days. Today their
i-v.-r increasing trade bears mute testimony that they have
kept their won). Thin lumlness Is now celebrating its
jubilee, for It was establliihe.l In 1852 by F. Platt. father
of the present proprietor, to be Incorporated under its
present name. Thin company makes specialty of stock
saddles, and a dozen men are kept busy In the factory turn-
Ing out wholesale and retail orders that come In by every

mail from all over this inter-mountain region. The senior
member of this firm, who. at the death of his father 17 years
ago took charge of the business, is F. B. Platt. How well
he has succeeded has been fully demonstrated by the con-
stantly Increasing demand for their goods. Mr. Platt is a
modest gentleman, a manufacturer of long experience, one

ALL H M I "U - i "I I n.l
An J4il(p ! bring rrrrtej poti the Wrtt that ill J.-uMr III tirr.

thoroughly posted on everything pertaining to his trade.
He Is a man of straightforward, honorable business meth-
ods, universally liked and respected, and a Mtaunrh. enthusi-
astic supporter of home enterprise.

HOUSES

COULD a stranger to Utah take a hasty panoramic view
of the physical conformation of the Commonwealth,
he might well wonder that the maps of half a
century ago, showing this great mountain region to be a
desert, had been changed. So vast is the rugged and
barren landscape that only on closer view would the
comparatively inconsiderable fertile area be revealed to
break the monotony of the apparently limitless waste.
But, confined within the foothills, surrounded by high

they knew, for, whether they knew it or not, they were
laying, securely and deeply, the foundations of Greater
Utah. These limited areas of tillable earth reaching
tendril-like among the hills and hugging closely the wind-
ing streams, are the bases of supply that furnish the
sinews with which to attack the far greater sterile ex-
panse and wrest from it untold wealth.

Utah was aptly characterized by the late Colonel
Donan as a "mountain-walled treasury of the gods." Every

t'PPKR PART OK PARK CITY, BHOWING ONTARIO AND EMPIRE GULCHES.

mountains and following the wandering streams are the
"valleys of the mountains," places of refuge for the sturdy
Mormon pioneers and their descendants. In these valleys
were obtained the first means of scanty subsistence for the
daring tenants who, under conditions adverse and hazard-
ous, reclaimed the primitive soil, developed a system of
irrigation and established a diversity of rural pursuits, all
with such marked success as to win distinction among
the peoples of the earth.

It is but natural that these hospitable dwelling places,
"the valleys of the mountains," should be held in high
and fond regard and commemorated in sacred song by the
beneficiaries of their fertility. It may be that these
founders of a new empire of wealth builded better than

lange of hills and every mountain peak are mute but
impressive sentinels, standing everlasting guard over the
treasures hidden within them. Inside the boundaries of
the State is found nearer a complete representation of the
vocabularies of the mineralogist and the chemist than in
any other political or physical subdivision of mother earth.
Here are found the precious metals, gold and silver, repre-
senting imperishable wealth in concentrated form, mediums
ot exchange and the object and acme of all toil. Then
there are the baser metals of the more extended and com-
moner use, including iron, the king of industry, the measure
of the pulsations of trade; copper for which demand in-
creases with the more general application of electricity
to the uses of mankind; also lead and zinc, besides the

9 2

UTAH THE INLAND JMI'IKK

rarer metals, the list of which is of constant growth, all
in sufficient quantities for profitable operation.

Well distributed for the purposes of economic produc-
tion are coal and lime in inexhaustible quantities and
so located that one can easily believe that the Great
Architect, of Nature had in mind the future working of
all these minerals when He designed and built up the
everlasting hills. Is there an iron deposit in a particular
section? Adjacent to It will be found the coal with which
to reduce it. Do we discover a refractory ore in one

oils and hydrocarbons for paints and waxes. Asphalt,
ozokerite, gilsonite. elaterite and an endless list of "ites"
yet unnamed and practically unknown.

This is not in part prospective nor imaginative. It is
not prediction but reality, for already Utah has become
the gathering place of organized capital in stupendous
amounts, and the future promises developments which
will far exceed the dreams of the theorists of a decade
ago. Already the Salt I.ake Valley has become one of the
greatest smelting points of the world. The attention of

Mill M K- I

MM M.I" MM i , I'M.* l'n\, I i MI

M< IK I --N...I ll-tll K Mill. Mil.. I II , I I Ml

totality? Within easy reach la found the mineral with
which In unlt<> It ami product- the results we are looking
for.

Distinct from what IB primarily known an mining,
an- vast deposits of biilldlnK rock: Kranlto and sandstone
In Immeasurable quant men; marble In wblteneM and
fineness of quality equaling the far-famed Carrara of Italy.
Chalcedony, onyx and other product* for ornamentation.
Salt In the lake* and mountains In quantity beyond the
of the finite mind. Cement-rook, kaolin.

urcat capitalists has been recently attracted, and now

ih. \ an- here, and are making It a place of business with
permanent character. Inxtrad of a place of occasional
ri-iHie/v.iiiK. The smoke of the furnaces of new workings
Is Mren.llni; In greater volume day by day and new plans.
tin nut. ome of great enterprise, are being constantly
formulated ami put Into execution.

Tli" money made In mining Is clean. It doe* not repre-
sent the midnight scheming of the usurer or the Interest
grabber. It has nothing to do with the extortion practiced

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

by the money broker. It is not taken from the laborer,
leaving his family to suffer, while others wax fat. It is
not the wage of piracy upon the homes of the poor. It
comes to us bright and pure, and is an addition to the
wealth of the world which benefits all and injures none.
It is the purity of deserved reward bestowed upon the
energy of intelligent effort.

The development of these varied industries means
much to the people of Utah. It is making of it a country
of export instead of import. It is making of its people
producers instead of consumers. It is reducing the chance
of dependence upon other communities to a minimum.
It is increasing the population by creating thousands ot
new homes, and hundreds of new enterprises.

But the output of the mines is the best measure of
their progress and present value. Last year the approxi-
mate production of the precious metals of this State was
$26,000,000. For the month of October, just closed, the
product was, in round numbers, $2,500,000, which means
an excess of $80,000 per day, created by the industry for

and have to their credit some three millions of dollars.
The Daly-West is now paying its stockholders $108,000

DALY No I, NEAR PARK CITY.

the local market. This work was accomplished by five
separate smelting plants at Murray and at Binghain Junc-
tion. To this list will be added soon a well-equipped
smelter at the Majestic properties in Beaver County, and
a copper smelter at the Dixie Mine near St. George, in
Washington County, both of which are well advanced In
construction.

In reviewing the localities of active production, the
camp of Park City, which last year produced 46 per cent
of the mineral wealth of Utah, stands at the head. Out of
150 mines in the United States which have paid dividends,
25, or about 16 per cent, are located in Utah. Of these
only four are at Park City, but they are permanently in
the list, and their aggregate contributions to the dividend
fund far exceeds the profits of all the others. First comes
the Ontario, with a record of nearly fifteen millions of
money, divided among its shareholders. The Silver King
has distributed nearly six millions of dollars to the
fortunate possessors of its stock. It is now paying $100,-
000 per month and completes the baker's dozen for the
year by an extra distribution of a like amount at Christmas.
The Daly-West and the Quincy, the latter having been
absorbed by the former, are the remaining profit payers,

STOPIXfi OX THE 900 FOOT LEVEL OF THE DALY-WEST.

net per month from a monthly production of
$200,000, which enables the laying up of a
large surplus, with indications of an imita-
tion of the Silver King in relation to an extra
dividend about Christmas time.

More attention is being given to this camp
than to any other one in the State. Within
the last year there have been a number of
organizations formed for the purpose of de-
veloping large groupings of wonderfully
promising worth. Further steps of a similar
nature are under consideration. A large
amount of development work, mill building
and the instalment of expensive machinery
is being vigorously prosecuted throughout
the camp, and among the promoters are
many of the men who have played a prom-
inent part in giving Utah a place in the mine
producing list. The product of this camp is
chiefly silver and lead, with uniformly fair
values in gold and an occasional appearance
of copper. Recently, however, strikes have
been made in the bonanza neighborhood dis-
closing values in gold close to two thousand

ORK CHUTE.-. THE [>AI.Y-\\ KM .

dollars to the ton. From present indications Park City
seems destined to hold first place as a leading producer,
unless something phenomenal should occur elsewhere.

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

Bingham is second in point of production, and Is the
oldest camp In the State. On the theories of modern min-
ing, large enterprises have been launched and great

large scale and the field is well occupied. The ore bodies,
carrying silver and lead, and found at or near the surface

BULLION-BECK MINE. DIVIDENDS *l>oo.oo3.oo

amounts of capital have been invested. The theories of
experts have been proven and the conclusions of science
have been victoriously conflrmed. Bingham is distinc-

BULLION-BICK MILL. < M'Ai I I V loo TONS.

lively a rump of x-rnarkahly large bodies of ore, carrying

moderate valn.'H ami found at great depth. On that

MI the camp Is a Held for organised capital on

A POOR PLACE FOR AUTOMOBILES.

years ago, have Increased in size as depth has been
attained, and now copper ores carrying good values in gold
predominate. In addition to the wealth it is creating,
Bingham is playing an additional important part by at-
tracting heavy Eastern investors who have, for a half
century, been wedded to the copper properties of the
Lake Superior region. As the chief corporations operating
in this section are what are known as "close corpora-
tions," the details of their operations and their receipts
are not divulged, yet there is a well-grounded rumor that
the ores in the lower levels carry a sufficient amount of
gold to enable them to produce copper at a profit should
the price of the red metal decline to the very low figure
of four cents per pound. This rumor is substantiated by
continued and increased efforts in every copper-bearing
property in the camp, regardless of the unpleasant and
steady decline in the price of that metal.

Among the companies with large holdings in Bingham,
three have Independent smelters for reducing the output
of their own mines. The Utah Consolidated, better known
as the Highland Boy. has a smelter at
Murray, from which five cars of pig cop-
per Is sent weekly to the Eastern refiner-
ies. The Bingham Copper and Gold, with
Its close ally, the Bingham Consolidated,
and other allied interests In the camp,
owns and operates its own smelters at
Bingham Junction, with an output ap-
proaching that of the Highland Boy. The
United States Company, controlling the
Centcnnial-Eureka, at Tlntlc. and numer-
ous Bingham holdings, has Just complet-
ed a well-arranged and thoroughly equip
ped smelter, with all modern appllancca
for economic operation at Bingham June
tlon at a coat of about |1,000.000. This
latest enterprise not only adds to the
produetn of tin* camp, but will materially
well the total output of tin- Stale The
Boston-Consolidated has conducted a long
and persistent campaign of development
on an extremely large scale, and while
Inn meager reports of the showing are
made public. It In generally known that a
period of production will soon commoner which will equal.
If not surpass, the performance of Its Illustrious neighbors.
Numerous other properties of equal worth In perspective

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

are also being developed under well-arranged combinations
of capital directed by competent mining engineers.

Bingham seems to be the Mecca for Eastern investors.

Aside from properties of the character mentioned, there
are many lesser lights awaiting the action of the enthusi-
astic promoter in arranging an attractive display for men
of means. The working population of Bingham is mate-
rially benefited by a good contingent of small operators
who carry on a profitable system of leasing, and whose
products add considerably to the total output and income
of the camp.

- THE WABASH MINE IN THE PARK CITY ^DISTRICT.

With conditions favoring mining on a large scale, it
meets the modern demand for centralization. With large

THE CACTUS MINE, BEAVER COUNTY, UTAH.

areas and proved values at great depth, it presents favor-
able opportunities for those who desire to win fame as
well as wealth by the magnitude of their operations.

PULLMAN AND LUCKY' BILL SHAFTS OF THE DALY-WEST.

The Tintic mining district around Eureka in Juab
County, is one of the best known and most resourceful
mining camps in the State. It is the home of a number of
dividend-paying mines, whose ores are rich in the precious
metals. It is favorably located and has the advantage of
excellent railroad and smelter facilities. Eastern capital
has invested large amounts in this favored camp, and its
stocks meet a ready demand. The mines send a
continuous output to the smelt-
ers, carrying copper, lead, silver
and gold. Some of its mines are
operated on a large scale, but as
compared with Bingham and
Park City, it is a camp of small-
er properties. It is also distin-
guished by an abundance of si-
licious ores which are much
sought after by smelter men. On
this account it plays an impor-
tant part in contributing to the
smelter industry, as that class of
ores is greatly desired for flux-
ing purposes. Among the larger
producers is the Gemini, a close
corporation, which in October
handed out a handsome dividend
of $100,000, making a total of
$850,000 of such payments. The
Grand Central and the Mammoth
are prominent neighboring prop-
erties with great earning capa-
city, and have produced won-
derfully rich ore, but on ac-
count of long drawn out and
bitterly contested litigation
they have ceased to pay

dividends. Their combined dividends paid prior to the
beginning of legal troubles aggregate over two million and
a half dollars. The Centennial-Eureka has disbursed to

9 6

I TAH THK INLAND KMFIRK

Its owners $2,667,700. With recent strikes of great
promise and the movement of its ores to the new
smelter of the United States Company, a resumption of
profit disbursements will take place. Among the other

with every indication of ultimate success. An important
feature in connection with this region has developed within
recent months in the way of a reduction of freight and
smelter charges on its ores. By a fortunate arrangement

EUREKA, ONE OF UTAH'S PROSPEROUS CAMPS.

properties of note in this camp, and which have handed
out profits to their shareholders are the Bullion-Beck, with
$2.500,000 to Its credit, the Swansea, with over $300,000;

between the railroad operators and smelter men, the
mine operators giving willing encouragement, a system of
concessions were Inaugurated by which the vast amount
of ore is being transported and turned into
money. The benefits from this adjustment
have been many. The smelters are being
provided with greatly desired ores, while
the mines, which were congested with low-
craile stuff, are being cleaned out. which
facilitates their operation, gives profit in
place of losses and, In some instan< M, h:i\
been productive of strikes which would not
have otherwise been made. More men are
employed In both the mines and on the
niiirnails. and the revenues have been In-
creased to all the parties In Interest. All
this occurred as the result of the well<li
rected efforts (if CIM>! heads by an equitable
participation In tin- mini, ni the and take
Stockton Is another history-maker, and
from It. y<>ars ago. good values In load and
sometimes phenomenal values In silver were
obtained In large quantities. In recent years
however, the output has been considerably
minimized. The camp, however. Is not an
Idle one It Is distinctively a pi;i

HO*TH AMD IOUTH WANIA, NIAft iltV * CITV. UTAH. deep m | n | nK an(1 we || directed efforts

the South Swansea, with nearly $200.000. Then there on a Urge scale are being applied to many of Its proper-
are the Yankee-Consolidated, the Uncle Sam, the Carisa tie*. The Honerlne Is especially deserving of mention,
and the May-Day. Many other properties are being worked Of the values obtained from this property and the still

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

greater ones yet in its workings, there is no doubt. The
ore bodies remaining consist of a series of five ore chutes
of great dimensions that are now under water. Unsuccess-
ful and expensive efforts have heretofore been made to
drain the property by pumps. At present
a drain tunnel over a mile and a half in
length is being run at the remarkable rate
of twenty feet per day. This tunnel will tap
the ore bodies and drain, not only the mine,
but many neighboring properties, in Febru-
ary next. This being done, a tremendous
output of ore will begin and continue for
an indefinite time. The other properties will
be equally relieved, and a campaign of de-
velopment and shipment, for which prepa-
rations are being generally and actively made
will then follow, and Stockton will be again
entitled to a prominent place among the
great mining camps of Utah. Numerous
other properties in this locality are being
worked with every indication of a success-
ful issue.

Further to the south is the Ophir Hill
Mine, provided with a mill from which a
large amount of concentrates is continually
being sent. This is a close corporation, and
but little of detail is divulged. It is re-
ported that the property is an unusually
good one, and this report is actually verified by substantial
shipments.

In the West Mountain mining district west of Bingham,

with a confidence characteristic of the business.
Then there is the great Deep Creek country, contain-
ing numerous mining districts and still more numerous
mines and prospects. This district is badly handicapped

HIGHLAND BOY MINE, BINGHAM CANYON, UTAH.

by the absence of railways, and many meritorious proper-
ties are being held with the hope that improved transpor-
tation facilities will some day be furnished. The Utah

THE HORN-SILVER MINE AND MILL, FRISCO, UTAH. DIVIDENDS J5,)4l,ooo.oo.

in Tooele County, is situate the old Mona, and many other
likely properties that are being worked with greater or less
activity by their respective promoters, who are imbued

Mine, at Fish Springs, in the western portion of Juab
County, is an exception to the enforced rule of idleness
which prevails in that section. From it shipments are

9 8

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

regularly made, and dividends are being paid monthly.
This plucky little giant, confronted with a haul by wagon
of some eighty miles across the desert, has distributed
over $200,000 to its shareholders. The product is galena,
carrying sometimes startlingly high values In silver, and

YANKEE CONSOLIDATED, SHOWING TUNNEL HOUSE.

recent reports indicate that its best days are yet to come.

Scattered through this region it is believed there are
many duplicates to the Utah which will in days to come
richly reward their patient and plucky owners.

A new candidate for especial honors is Beaver County,
the home of the famous Horn Silver, which stands well
at the head of the bread-winning list, with
disbursements aggregating over five millions
of dollars, and which still continues ship-
ments. This section about Frisco and Mil-
ford has been brought into new prominence
by the recent and unparalleled performance
of the O. K. Mine near the latter place, and
which Is owned by the Majestic Company.
This Is a copper proposition, and it has
broken the well-known rules of copper pro-
duction by furnishing large quantities of the
red metal at a depth of only 200 feet. Two
shipments In particular, approximating a
dozen cars each, and carrying upwards of
40 per cent, copper, about $5 In gold and fair
values tn silver, being a revelation to min-
ing circles. Report has followed report con-
cerning this property, with cumulative evi-
dence as to its worth. Its reputation baa
made the locality an attraction for men of
means and the most skilled talent In the
mining world, with the result that the differ-
ent ramps have among their Investors and
backers a combination of wealth and expe-
ri. !!.-, that speaks derisively for IU great
and continued development.

Among the neighboring properties under management*
that an> making unusual efforts In the way of development
are the Imperial, the Royal, the Bluebird, the Beaver-
Cnnnolldated and many others, which are further stimu-
lated by the prospects of a savin* on freight In having
their ores treated by the Majestic Company's smelter, now
being erected.

The production of gold in Utah is increasing. While
the change In price of other metals may bring discourage-
ments, the value of gold is fixed, and its accumulation is
therefore the highest ambition of mining men. While this
has never been a placer country, yet with
the Improved methods for this mode of ex-
traction, the impetus of gold-seekers In-
creases, and the output of the yellow metal
Is becoming a constantly growing fixture In
the State.

Mercur is really the pioneer gold camp of
the State. Here was inaugurated the cyan-
ide process.and the same management which
first adopted its use is now operating the
Consolldated-Mercur mines, and pays regular
dividends of $30,000 per month. The Sacra-
mento, near by, while abandoning dividends
for a time, is in active operation, and greatly
encouraged by prospects from a rich strike
of cinnabar recently made.

The Annie Laurie, in the Gold Mountain
country, another gold producer, has made
wonderful progress during the last two
years, and made its first distribution in Oc-
tober of $20,000, which amount will probably
soon be increased. Near by are the Wedge,
Golden Rule. Dalton and the Holland, all fol-
lowers of the cyanide plan, and all being
looked upon as coming mines; and such are
for the most part undergoing active development.

Away to the northwest, In Box Elder County, near
the Idaho line, is the Park Valley country, made famous
by the Century, which, after many vicissitudes, is now
producing from $8.000 to $10,000 in gold per month. It
has been eagerly watched by a multitude of claim holders

AN M l( I Kit DPill 1 IN OPERATION IN THE YANKEE MINE.

In that district, and Indications all point to a large area
which will be productive of gold In paying. If not In high
values.

Tli'-n at State Line, in Iron County, the Ophlr. while
originally a silver property. Is now yielding ore> In which
gold predominates.

There are many other district*, localities and groups
scattered throughout the State of more or less note and

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

worth. In fact, no part of Utah can be said to be barren
of the precious metals. The country has yet scarcely been
scratched by the prospector, while to the operator it is
mostly virgin ground. Modern mining has been reduced
to an exact science, and is not only a legitimate, but a
certain and successful industry. Utah is essentially a
country of mining which requires large combinations of
capital. The first failure is yet to be scored where
abundant financial backing has been directed by experience
gained in nature's school of mines. The State is an invit-
ing field to the investor. Its mineral products are rapidly
increasing and a true forecast of the industry's future
would doubtless be looked upon as an exaggeration, as
much as would have a prediction of conditions existing
today, had it been made ten years ago.

There are numerous other minerals in Utah, the

lies over another in various thicknesses. Here are found
a fair quality of anthracite and coking coal with anneal-
ing qualities equal to the best production of Pennsylvania
and West Virginia.

But if Utah excels in the quality and quantity of any
one metal found within its borders, that one metal is iron.
The area of the higher grade ore, while large, is confined
to three localities, Iron Mountain, Iron Springs and Desert
Mountain, all in Iron County. The outcroppings of this
metal in that region are said to cover an area approximat-
ing seven thousand acres, with a thickness beyond belief,
and an estimated capacity approaching a billion tons. They
extend about the base of the mountain and, reaching back
under the desert, rest on a granite formation, and are cov-
ered with limestone, upon which is deposited the sands of
the surface. These deposits have been the object of the

SALT LAKE AND MERCUR RAILROAD.

production of which is closely allied to many industries,
and to speak of all of them intelligently would require
a book of itself.

As to the presence of oil in Utah there can be no
doubt, but as yet the efforts to obtain it in commercial
quantities have been attended with indifferent results.
A number of companies, however, are now drilling with
indications of success. Hydrocarbons for pavement mak-
ing, paints, waxes and other uses that make up a growing
list, are being mined at Soldier Summit and north of Price,
and shipped to the Eastern market. Experiments with
favorable results have been made in extracting hydro-
carbons from the enormous shale beds found in Utah,
Wasatch, Juab and San Pete Counties, and lubricants,
paint oils and parafflne are promised from that source.

Utah is supplied with coal for meeting the demand
for ages to come. It occurs in Iron County in liberal
quantities, and in the counties of Carbon and Emery its
extent can be measured by townships where one stratum

investigation of capitalists for many years, and a few
months ago the combined area was purchased by an East-
ern syndicate whose exact connections are not known.
The deal was consummated by P. L. Kimberly and Frank
Buhl, and that the purchase was for business purposes
is attested by the enormous price paid; the sum of two
and one-quarter million dollars.

In speaking of this locality, after the deal was closed,
John T. Jones, a veteran iron operator from Iron Mountain,
Michigan, and upon whose report the purchase was made,
predicted that within ten years Utah would be the banner
iron-producing State of the Union. In 1893 Mr. Jones read
a paper before the American Institute of Mining Engineers
at Montreal, Canada, and predicted that within ten years
from that time the State of Minnesota, then with an out-
put of less than 1,000,000 tons per year, would produce
10,000,000 tons annually. During the present year, or nine
years after the prediction was made, Minnesota will pro-
duce over 12,000,000 tons of iron. Mr. Jones says he is

100

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRK

equally as confident as to the accuracy of his estimate of
Utah's future as he was of Minnesota's future ten years
ago. Since this purchase was completed the deposits have
been explored by tunnels, drifts and drills operated by
a small army of men, and it is now believed that the
development of this deposit, and the founding of the
greatest Industry yet known to Utah will soon begin.
Authentic reports state that the present owners are prepar-
ing to, and will expend the vast sum of $30,000,000 in
building railroads, erecting furnaces and furnishing equip-
ment with which to work the property and to produce
every manner of product known to that complex and
gigantic industry.

Salt Lake City is not only the center of the industries
within Utah, of which it is the capital city, but of those
situated over a good part of the States of Nevada and
Idaho. Whatever may be the results, no matter how large,
of the development of all these mighty industries of
mining In every form, she is bound to be the chief bene-
ficiary. Already the city is famous. Attracted by the

multifarious advantages she possesses, the capitalist is
seeking Salt Lake as his home and the place is becoming
noted for Its many fine homes and mansions. Denver has
been long considered the leader of all Western cities in
this respect, but the crown is passing from her keeping.
Utah's capital has advantages which the great city of
Colorado can never hope to attain. With the great
mountains at her back she sits a queen of the hills on a
throne of verdure, while at her feet dash the waves of
the great inland sea of America. The rising sun lights
up her domes and minarets with glory, while his good-
night rays bathe all her nooks with a celestial radiance.
With her days of continued brightness and her atmosphere
of ever continued health, she offers advantages which no
other city in all this broad land possesses. Into the varied
channels of her commercial life the never-ending and
constantly increasing tribute of the mines is poured, and
day by day, year by year, she grows in wealth, in beauty
and in all those things which move to the making of a
perfect American metropolis.

DIVIDENDS PAID BY UTAH MINES.

NAME OF MINE

LOCATION OF MINE

PAIII IN 1900

PAID IN 1901

Ti"TAL PAIII in

DATK

AJax

Tintic District .

9 1 000000

Bullion Beck

Tintic District

2,428 400

Centennial Eureka

Tintic District

257,500

200,000

2 597 700

Consolidated Mercur

Mercur (Camp Floyd)

110000

375,000

485.000

Carlsa .

Tintic District

30,000

Chloride Point

5 000

Crescent

Park City

280.000

Daly -West

Park City

487.500

547.500

1,155,000

Dalton and l.arK

262.500

350,000

Daly

Park City

2.925,000

Eureka Hill

Tintic District

1,850.000

ifalrna . ...

Fish Springs

71 000

Gemenl

Tintic District

10,

950000

Gpy per- Marion

Bingham

96 000

Grand Central

Tintic District

25.000

533 500

Horn Silver

Frisco District

20,000

32.000

5 312 000

Mammoth

Tintic District

200,000

100,000

1 870 000

Mercur. . . ....

Mercur (Camp Floyd)

115,000

1 483 000

May Day

Tintic District

18.000

18 000

Ontario

Park City

90.000

74.000

13 737 600

Petro

Bingham

BO ooo

Oulncv

Park City

725.000

726 000

Silver King

Park City

1.000.000

1.275,000

4 725 000

Silver Shield

Park City

1 500

3.000

1 "iiid

Sacramento . . . .

MiTcur (Camp Floyd)

15.000

116 000

South Swansea .

Tintic District

7.500

170000

Swansea ....

Tintic District

70.000

29,000

301 500

Utah.

Fish Springs

12.000

192 800

Uncle Sam Connolldatcd

Tintic District

45000

46000

Utah Consolidated

Blngham

.;::

63000

Utah Consolidated (Highland Boy)

KliiKham. .

732000

731.000

Totals

$ : i-jx |

} 1 :, ir, |

In'ToaM for 1901

2.171.000

$ 4 4. 200.900

Note The dividends for 1902 are not accessible at this time In their entirety owing to the fact that some of
them are not dwlarod until late In Doootnber. Indications, however, point to a substantial Increase over last year's
figure*.

A GROUP OF UTAH MINES.

GRAND CENTRAL MINE.

SACREMENTO HOISTING WORKS, MRRCUK.

TVPICAL UTAH MINE.

CRESCENT MINE, PARLEY'S PARK, UTAH.
GEYSER-MARION, MERCUR.
FOUR ACE MINE, SILVER CITY.

1O2

UTAH THE INLAND KM PI RE

SALT LAKE AND MERCUR RAILROAD.

FEW MINING CAMPS in America are better equipped
with transportation facilities than Mercur, the mar-
vellous gold camp of Utah, and nothing could reflect
the greatness of "the Johannesburg of America" better than
Its superior railroad connections. This is to such an extent

JOSEPH c. JACOBS

true that It has become a maxim In mining circles that where
capital seeks investment in railroads there must be certainty
rather than speculation. In the latter sixties and for many
years thereafter the district had been thoroughly prospected
and worked for silver. Among those who
operated In the district In the early days
were the late Senator George C. Hearst of
California and the late Marcus Daly, the
Kri-at copper king of Montana. The district
died at the time of the great silver slump
and wan resurrected by the discovery of
gold and the Invention of a process that
made It profitable to work. But even with
the deposits of gold In the ramp It could
not have been the great camp of today with-
out the transportation facilities which It now
enjoys, and for that reason the agency which
has affected this Intimacy of relation be-
tween the mining Industry of Mercur and
the great outer world must be recognized as
a vital element In the unrivaled development
and pri)H|><>rlly of Utah's wonder camp. That
aK'-nry has been In the major portion one
man. and the name of that man will be rec-
ognized In the title of this article. In which
will be briefly told the story of his eventful
career.

Joseph G. Jacobs waa born on a farm In
Clark County, Ohio, fifty years ago. He was
raised In the farming region* of Ohio until he engag'''! in
business upon his own account In Springfield, Ohio. Bust-
nw perception and executive ability were his heritage, and

these had been supplemented by an education which fitted
him for the creation, control and expansion of extensive
interests. Accordingly we find him engaged in contracting
and sub-contracting on railroad work in various parts of
the West. He was an experienced railroad builder before
he came to Utah in the early '90s, where he at once identi-
fied himself with the best interests of his adopted State. One
of his first enterprises was the building of the West Side
(City and Suburban) Railroad, a road which was of incalcu-
lable benefit in the upbuilding of the suburbs along its line.
The road prospered until the financial depression of 1893,
when along with practically every other enterprise it
suffered from the effects of the unsettled conditions then
existent. The road has been kept constantly in operation,
however, and is now enjoying a good traffic. Mr. Jacobs
after completing the West Side road looked about for an
opportunity to build a road which hard times would not
affect. The thriving little mining camp of Mercur was
practically isolated, all supplies and ores being hauled by
team, an expensive and slow method of handling such quan-
tities of freight as were daily required for the mines. Mr.
Jacobs carefully examined the district and speculated upon
Its possibilities. He then made valuable ore hauling con-
tracts and soon had the road under course of construction
and completed.

The road is fourteen miles in length, and connects
with the Oregon Short I.ine at Fairfield, Utah. Mercur. one
of the greatest gold camps in the world, is the other termi-
nus. The road Is a series of "cuts" and "fills" and reverse
i urves from start to finish. In the short distance of nine miles
the road makes an ascent of 1,986 feet. Despite
all the scenic attractions and the constant squirm-
ing and winding of the road, it has been pronounced by
experts to be one of the safest and best managed in the
country, and it is a noteworthy fact that notwithstanding
that thousands of passengers and thousands of carloads of
freight are annually hauled, there has never been an accl-

mCl K. L'TAH'5 I.KIAT CJOI.IJ CAMP.

i'-ni that could be attributed to mismanagement. This Is
a wonderful n-cord for a road that has more curves to It
than a corkscrew and one that In operated during all

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

103

seasons of the year. Mr. Jacobs is the Vice-President,
General Manager and owner of this remarkable railroad,
which has been on a dividend paying basis almost from the
start, and is now one of the best paying propositions in the
West.

During the year 1900 Mr. Jacobs built a short line at
Bingham, Utah, connecting with the Rio Grande Western
Railway. The line is known as the Copper Belt Railroad.

cent, and some 40-degree curves. It is operated with Shay
engines, and 150 tons of ore are handled in one trainload.
Mr. Jacobs operated the line successfully until 1901, when
it was purchased by the Bingham Copper and Gold Mining
Company.

Mr. Jacobs' interests, while largely concentered in the
various railroads which he has built and managed, are by
no means confined to these limits. His liberal investments

THE SALT LAKE AND MERCUR RAILROAD.

and was built for the purpose of hauling ore rrom the high
mountains upon which the great camp of Bingham is situ-
ated to the terminus of the Rio Grande road in the canyon
below. In an engineering way the Copper Belt road even
surpassed the feats accomplished on the Salt Lake and
Mercur line. The road has a maximum grade of 7.4 per

have contributed to the growth and development of the
entire Commonwealth. Coming to Utah twelve years ago,
he demonstrated the value of energy, foresight and pluck
in building a railroad that has proven of great value to the
city, and when Mercur presented its opportunity, by build-
ing and operating the Salt Lake and Mercur Railroad

THE DALY-JUDGE MINE.

AMONG Utah mines, and especially those of the
Park City district, none are attracting more attention
at the present time than the Daly-Judge. If there is any
advantage in good location and the history of mining has
demonstrated beyond a doubt that there is the prac-
tically undeveloped properties in the vicinity of such mines
as the Ontario, Daly, Daly-West and Quincy should have
a great future. Such a property is the Daly-Judge, adjoin-
ing the Daly-West, and whose surface covers the veins of
all these great mines.

The Daly-Judge Company was incorporated November,
1901, under the laws of New Jersey, with John J. Daly,
President; O. J. Salisbury, Vice-President; Dr. Allan
Fowler, Treasurer, and George W. Lambourne, Secretary.
The company owned 265 acres of patented ground situated
south of the Anchor property (which is now a portion of
the Daly-Judge Company's holdings) and comprising
twenty-six patented claims. The property was undeveloped,

but from surface indications and the trend of the veins as
they passed through the adjoining territory it was acknowl-
edged to be a most valuable piece of property.

The principal owners of the Daly-Judge Company
early opened negotiations with the Anchor management
for the consolidation of that company's interests with
their own recently formed company, and in April, 1902, were
successful in bringing the matter to an issue, with the
result that a mining deal involving a cash outlay of more
than $750,000, and including the transfer of the Anchor
Mining Company's possessions and a one-fourth interest
in the Daly-Judge Company's territory, was consummated.
The vastness of the property which is thus embraced in
the holdings of the Daly-Judge Company can best be com-
prehended when it is known that it covers an area as
great as the holdings of the famous Ontario, Daly, Daly-
West and Quincy Companies combined. It comprises more
than 100 patented claims and stretches out for nearly three

IO4

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

miles along the strike of the great ledges opened and be-
ing mined in the properties of the companies mentioned.

In acquiring the interests of the Anchor Mining Com-
pany the Daly-Judge made a master stroke. The Anchor
Mining Company was incorporated in 1885 with 150.000
shares of stock at the par value of $10 each. The claims
held by the company comprised some 95 in number and
covered an area of 950 acres, all covered by United States
patents. It also Included mill sites, water and timber land
and Park City real estate. The mine had been well devel-
oped, five years having been spent in exploring the property
before the extraction of ore commenced, since which time
it has produced upwards of $2.500,000.

The main working shaft of the company has been sunk

prospecting done, while the North Vein has never been
prospected farther than by one cross drift passing through
it at a point on the tunnel level 1,200 feet below the surface,
and at that place it showed strong. The South Vein is a
well-defined fissure from which several thousand tons of
ore have been taken from the very small space in which it
has been worked. The ore bodies wherever found usually
prove very large and continuous. One ore chute found in
this property has been followed over 3,000 feet in this and
an adjoining mine, with both faces still in ore, giving every
evidence of continued productiveness for great distances
farther.

The surface improvements are modern in every par-
ticular, and photographs of the principal buildings and the

VIKWS OF THE DALV-JfOCiE.

to a depth of 1.650 feet. It Is a three-compartment shaft
ami In equipped with double deck cages of the latest pat-
tern. The major portion of the development work has
been done on the 1.200. or tunnel level. There are over

' ei . i- :: iMttMl .iii>! :ii '- in ill.-

mine, and Immense quantities of ore blocked out. There
I* a drain tunnel In the property 8.000 feet In length which
obviate* the expense of maintaining an expensive pumping
plant, and the total openings In the mine exceed 37.000 feet.
There are three well-defined ore bearing lodes within
the side line* of the property known a* the South Vein.
North Vein and Contact Vein. The greater part of the
ore has been taken from the middle or Contact Vein, and
even on thin vein there ha* been but comparatively little

mill are reproduced In connection with this article. The
main shaft house and hoisting works are equal to any In
the district, and have been Installed with proper machinery
necessary for deep mining. A water system bring* an
abundant supply of water under pressure from lakes some
two miles distant, owned l>\ tin- company, and furnishes
the hoisting works and the mill with all that Is required.

The Daly-Judge Is making history every day. and there
will not be a time for many year* to come when Its career
will not present something new and crisp. As Its develop-
ment progresses Its possibilities expand, and there Is no
man who will today prophesy a limit to Its production
Concerning It* destiny but one thing Is determinate, and
that Is Its absolute success a* a treat producer.

IT IS not so many years ago that every live stock man in
Utah knew by practical experience what life on the
range meant. Today it is more or less of a memory
with him, though it still has application and existence in re-
moter portions of the state, where grazing has not been
wiped out by the various encroachments that have pushed it
farther and farther toward the border. From this opening
the reader will infer that it is the cattle raising business
that is especially referred to here. But there is no real

they were monarchs of all they surveyed; when the cow-
boy on his cayuse, clad in "shaps," buckskin shirt, high-
heeled boots, and sun-breaking sombrero, equipped with
deep-gouging spurs, quirt and lariat, and armed with revol-
ver and knife, was the same dashing, reckless, picturesque
daredevil that he is in Mexico, Texas, Wyoming and Mon-
tana today. But that time has passed forever. The cattle-
man still has large ranches in many cases. But they are
his own; that is, the vast stretches over which his herds

EARLY OCCUPANTS OF THE RANGE.

reason why the term should not include the sheepmen as
well, for he, too, is a man of the range in fact, is more so
today than he who devotes his time to the horse and cattle
industry. His flocks cover more of the mountain ranges
in the summer time and vastly more of the snow spotted
desert in winter than do the herds of cattle and bands of
horses. There was a time in Utah when cattle owners
had great ranches and occupied the most of a county; when

roam are either his by purchase or lease from the Govern-
ment, State or railroads. Formerly they belonged to
"Uncle Sam," and the stockman simply appropriated them
to his own use and profit until the advent of new condi-
tions. With the change came a thinning out of the cowboy
and an increase of the sheep herder, who crowded him
closely in all parts of the State and not infrequently dis-
puted bis right to monopolize public lands, with the result

io6

UTAH THE INLAND KMPIRK

that a most cordial dislike grew up between the two
classes. Occasionally there were clashes that accentuated
the strained relations. But they were not frequent, in the
comparative sense, or fraught with the sanguinary conse-
quences that later attended the differences between cattle
and sheep men in other States where these industries
predominate. All Utah's neighbors have suffered from
these feuds, and the difficulties that have arisen have at
times been very grave, while the loss of life has often been
considerable. The story of how such strife was averted
In Utah is well known to stockmen, and is not uninterest-
ing to those who do not know and who have not tried the
experiment. It was most successful here. It can be made
just as successful elsewhere. The cattlemen of Utah saw
that they were going to be overwhelmed by the sheepmen;
that they could not cope with them when It came to pitting

cattlemen of Utah are today among the heaviest sheep
owners, and they are prospering in both lines of the busi-
ness. Thus have threatening conflicts and diverse interests
been merged and settled for good and all.

THE BUSINESS IN OLDEN TIMES.

The live stock business has been an interesting and
profitable calling ever since the day that Jacob drove a
sharp yet justifiable bargain with Laban, his father-in-law,
who compelled him to work fourteen years for his two
daughters, Leah, the tender-eyed and eldest, and Rachel, the
beautiful and well favored, the younger of the two. It is
related In Sacred Writ that Jacob loved Rachel and offered
to work seven years for her, a proposition that the shrewd
and far-seeing Lahan readily agreed to. When the long
period was past and the semi-darkness of a night feast

A COWBOY OUTFIT PRKPARKD FOR A -ROUND II- '

herds against flocks for the latter completely unflt the
r.-iiiKi-H for the former. Every cattleman knows that a cow,
calf or steer will flee from the coming of sheep as man will
from pestilence. Every sheepman knows the same thing,
with him that knowledge Is power. He has seen the cattle-
man give way here and there, and found himself In posses-
sion of what he wanted the range. But the cattleman
of Utah was not Blow to analyze the situation. He had
i,n,\.-, i that Hi- way to flght the sheepman was not with
cowboys, who In some sections of the country are made
up of outlaws and "rustlers" who would rather "kill their
roan." especially If that man were a sheepherder, than
tln'.v would shoot a jack rabbit or eat their breakfast when
hungry. They saw that the way to fight sheep was with
sheep. They realized, too. that there was quite as much
money. If not more. In sheep than In cattle. BO they sold
part of their cattle and bought sheep, and with the latter
hemmed In the former and thus became cattle and sheep-
men both. It was an easy solution of a serious and complex
problem; It was carried BO far that some of the i.aavlest

reigned. Laban led not Rachel but Leah unto the awaiting
and unsuspecting groom who did not discover the decep-
tion until after daylight on the morrow. Then the new
son-in-law asked for a bill of particulars and was told
blandly by Pater Laban that the laws and customs of the
nmntry were such that the younger could not have such
preference over the first-born, and that if he wanted the
latter he must serve an additional seven years. It IB evi-
dent that Jacob was an ardent suitor, as he rounded up
his shoulders and went to work with the will and determl
nation of the young cavalier that he was. Finally the day
came when he had discharged his obligations to I<aban.
and he was given Rachel also. Then he was happy HI*
days for tending flocks and herds In a menial capacity
mlrly w.-ll over, as the sequel showed. When I-aban.
who had become a real tw>>nlii>ili century rattle and sheep
king, admitted that he had been prospered for Jacob's sake,
and that he was willing to recompense the young man
therefor, the latter simply asked that he be permitted to
pass through the flocks and herds of his father-in-law and

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

107

remove therefrom all that were speckled and spotted,
ring-streaked and brown, and accept them and all Increase
of like color thereafter in payment for what he had done.
Laban, who had become wholly repentant and contrite,
consented to what seemed the easiest kind of an act to
square accounts. Then came Jacob's cunning into play.
It will be remembered how he set rods of green poplar,
hazel and chestnut, filled with white streaks, in the gutters
and watering troughs where the herds and flocks came to
drink, and how this ante-propagation method is said to
have resulted in speckled and spotted, ring-streaked and
brown increase only, until the grazing and range lands
roundabout resembled a great leopard skin. Many times
since that notable feat in the live stock business, have
others tried to increase their holdings in cattle and sheep
by means that would scarcely stand the test of the code of

were led hither under a wagon by a Mormon Pioneer who
is still living, and whose home is in Heber City of this
State.

In the early settlement of the Territory, efforts were
made to secure standard bred stock, and many animals
of all kinds were imported in the line of thoroughbreds;
soon Utah was looked upon by surrounding sections as a
supply center for cattle whose beef and milk qualities were
sought after, and a place where good horses could be
obtained for bettering the cayuse breeds that were so
numerous all over the West. A little later a finer class
of sheep was also brought here; and now Utah sheep are
little less than famous for wool and mutton producing
qualities. The State is splendidly adapted for raising
sheep on a large scale. It has mountain ranges in
the tops of which hundreds of thousands are taken

A SCENE ON THE UTAH RANGE.

correct dealing. "Rustlers" have rustled with results that
have been both profitable and disastrous. Mavericks have
been rounded up and branded without number. "Robbers
Roosters" and "Hole-in-the-Wall Gangs" have existed in all
countries from time immemorial, but Jacob's great accom-
plishment has never been equaled. Besides he, as unfold-
ing events proved, acted wisely and well, and made things
right with the supposedly injured party, something that
is not done by the rustling, maverick-chasing cowboy of
questionable ethics and modern times.

THE SHEEP INDUSTRY IN UTAH.

The introduction of cattle and sheep into Utah would
be an interesting narrative in itself. But briefest reference
to it only can be made in an article like this. Suffice it
to say that they came with the Pioneers, who brought them
from the Mississippi and Missouri Valley regions and that
cows and calves were sometimes made to divide the work
of drawing heavy wagons across the plains and through
the mountains, with the oxen and the horses. It is an
instructive fact that the first three sheep brought to Utah

during the summer months for the softer and greener
browsing and which puts on the fat and starts the growth
of wool that means so much when the bleak winter winds
arrive. When the flocks are driven from the high ranges
early in the autumn, on the appearance of the first snow,
they are usually halted on the plateaus between range and
valley until the temperature becomes low enough, and the
snow deep enough to push out into the great American
Desert, which furnishes a very good winter range when
the snowfall is sufficient. It is rarely too deep. The
reverse condition is rather true than otherwise. When
spring rolls round again there is once more a movement
toward the mountains with a few weeks of waiting in the
intervening country, for snow to melt and the grass to
grow, which is just prior to the important time of lambing
and the usually profitable time of shearing. These are
periods that require the most careful attention. In a single
week, or day even, a careless herder may cost his employer
many times the amount of his wages for an entire year.
When a cold storm suddenly arises the failure to get the
flock under a protecting hill or in some sheltering hollow

io8

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

may be attended with the most disastrous consequences.
So, too. with shearing, when weather conditions are not
favorable.

While the sheep business has proved itself one
of the most profitable industries in the State, while it has
enriched many and given employment to very many more,
It requires a vast amount of care much more care than
skill, though skill Is by no means an unnecessary quantity.
Many of the wealthiest sheep men in Utah today are men
who had little or no capital to begin with. It was simply a
case of sticking to it early and late and all the time. In two
or three years their herds of twenties had gone into
hundreds, and In a few years more their hundreds had
reached thousands; and when thousands are attained In
the sheep business, money making comes fast and easy,
providing the care heretofore referred to Is given. If
it is not. there are few enterprises in which the Western

the three States named. Mr. Smith estimates that they
bring $10,000,000 annually into this State, as proceeds
from mutton and wool.

THE HERDER'S HUMDRUM AND PROSAIC LIFE.

The life of a sheep herder of modern times is not
vested with the romantic and poetic fancy and senti-
ment that were thrown about it when the tender of
sheep was known as a "shepherd," and not as a "herder,"
and when he carried a crook and was looked upon as a man.
meek, mild and wise. He may possess some of these
qualities today, but it is a fact readily admitted by him-
self that he does not display all of them all of the time.
When he reads about his gentle predecessors, he is per-
plexed. He wonders at their meekness; their mildness
mystifies him; their wisdom is beyond his ken. He is
glad to know they had these virtues, and marvels when he

A FLOCK OF UTAH LAMBS.

farmer and stock grower can engage, that afford him better
opportunity to lose hltt hard earned dollars. But an
Investment of five hundred dollars judiciously made, with
the aid of a couple of low priced but faithful herders can
easily. In the course of five yean, be made to reach flve
thousand dollars; anil when this amount has been reached,
a further Increase Is still more rapid.

Utah men own more sheep today than the citizens of
any other State with the single exception of Montana,
though they are not all ranged within the borders of Utah.
A great many of the sheep that find subsistence In
Wyoming and Idaho, both excellent sheep growing states.
arc tin- property of Utah men. The number of sheep owned
In Utah at present (1902). according to official Information
furniMlMMi by President Jesse M. Smith of the Utah Wool
Growers' Association. Is about what It was when the census
was taken two years ago 3.818,423. The number owned
by Utah men In Idaho will exceed 1.000,000. while more
than 1,000,000 head are owned by Utah men In Wyoming,
making a total of at least 6,000,000 owned by Utah men In

thinks there was a decided shrinkage In them before In-
got his quota. He sees little poetry In life, and cares less
for what he does see. But he Is not without sentiment
or human sympathy. Few men will respond more quickly
to a case of worthy charity than he. and few, when driven
to a corner, will stand up more courageously for his
rights. His life Is generally lonely and retired and bit-
want* are not many; but he likes to live well, and his
employer Is generally of a disposition that permits him to
do so. Better still, he likes his faithful dog and trusty
rifle. Without them he could not would not be a henli'r
It has been a common thing to attribute gross Ignorance
to the xlieepbenler of in. lay That In a mistake that Is
made by Ignorant persons onl>. Tin-re are men of that
class In the calling. But many of them are great readers,
deep thinkers and shrewd observers. They live close to
nature, and know It far better than many a man with a
scholastic education and scientific training. They study
the stars and note the slightest change In meterologlcal
conditions with an ease and certainty that mere astronoml-

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

109

cal theorists and everyday weather clerks never experi-
ence. The modern sheepherder may be as distinct a type
today as was the shepherd who tended the flocks and
associated with the wise men, before the advent of the
Christian era. He doubtless is. But in that distinctness
and behind the gruff and sometimes unpolished exterior that
he displays, is a man who can almost invariably be trusted,
no matter how great is his temptation to do wrong.

WHERE CATTLE ROAM IN PASTURES GREEN.

Now for the cattle industry. The business is in a
healthy state of progress in Utah at the present time. As
has been intimated, it is conducted in sections of the
country much more restricted than formerly upon areas
of land less expansive. As a consequence, the loss is also
less; for in the days when cattle roamed at large, and when
they had to subsist in wintertime on what they could

though feeding is of longer duration when marketing of
beef is contemplated. While the range raised steer is still
sought after and profitable, he is invariably made better
by feeding, which is done on the largest scale in the
alfalfa and sugar beet sections, though considerable corn,
both Utah and Eastern, is now being used for fattening
purposes. Many of the leading farmers of the State are
finding that the business pays well, and are planning for
the future in this direction. Never in the history of the
State was there so large and varied a selection of cattle
as at the recent annual exposition given under
the auspices of the Deseret Agricultural and Manu-
facturing Society ; and never were there so many
high class and pure bred animals. Some of them
were prize winners in a number of States, and all attracted
the attention of visitors from far and near. Sales are
constantly being made of high bred animals to breeders

GEO. M. CANNON'S PRIZE JERSEYS AT UTAH STATE FAIR, 1902.

rustle from the range in snow that was deep and winds
that were cold, many died from exposure and want. Now,
particularly in the northern half of the State, where the
business is carried on most extensively, they are fed upon
the ranches during the severest weather. While the cost
is greater than the range grazing practice that hitherto
prevailed, the returns are also greater, and the animals
are of better quality; for the man who sees his cattle
every day and watches them grow from calves to cows
and steers wants to see good animals. He takes pride in
the thoroughbred, but the scrawny "runt" is always an
eyesore to him, so to speak. Utah is now shipping a great
many cattle to the packing house centers of Chicago,
Kansas City, Omaha and Denver, and those who are thus
engaged are making it pay.

Range conditions are still such in Utah, however, that
grazing is practicable for about eight months in the year
in the northern tier of counties, and even more than that
in the far south. Some of the best herds are thus raised

all over the North and Northwest. The number of cattle
in Utah at the present time is about 400,000 head, with a
total value, approximated, of $9,000,000.

A unique experiment in cattle breeding is now being
carried on very profitably on one of the islands of the
Great Salt Lake, namely, the crossing of a domesticated
herd of buffaloes with Polled Angus, Hereford and Short
Horn strains. In general appearance the first named is
more nearly like the buffalo than any of the others, except
as to color, and the result is an animal that looks quite
three-fourths buffalo. But a better animal results from
crossing the buffalo with the two other breeds than with
the Polled Angus. A distinct and pure bred buffalo herd is
also being raised. It is probably the best of its kind in
America, and is doubtless doing more to preserve and
perpetuate the last remnants of that magnificent animal
that was once the glory and pride of the prairie and plains,
but whose remorseless slaughter followed in the wake of
civilization as it marched across the continent, building

UTAH THE INLAND EMPIRE

cities and founding States. The buffaloes thus reared upon
the Island find a ready market in the larger cities, where
they are placed in the public parks and occasionally in
game preserves, not to be hunted down, but as representa-
tives and reminders of a noble animal now almost extinct

PASSING OF THE MUSTANG.

A quarter of a century ago Western America teemed
with the wild mustang. Not a State, not a Territory in the

CEO. M. CANNON'S PRIZE JERSEY COW.

region that did not have him In numbers great. In Utah
the canyons had him In the summer months where he waxed
fat, haughty and defiant. The desert was his home In
winter, where he ran off much of the flesh accumulated
from the succulent grasses of the mountains. He belonged"
to whomever could capture, brand and sub-
due him; and this is true In Southern Utah
today, where, by reason of bis numbers, he
IB a menace to the range. Accordingly he
Is hunted down In the winter time and shot
to death by the hundred; sometimes by the
thousands. His body Is skinned and his car-
cass left to decay upon the sands and alkali
of the desert. The reason of this apparent
wanton slaughter Is that the range Is needed
for cattle and sheep and for horses of better
breed. The mustang of Southern Utah looks
upon man as his natural i-in'iny. and Is off
at a speed astonishing at his approach.
There are Incidents In the chase which
brings about his destruction that are thrill-
Ing In the extreme, and as exciting as any
stag hunt that ever took place. Those wild
kings of the desert whence came they?
Some wandered away from the Spaniards of
M. -xn n In the long ago. Some came from tired
and worn out animals left to die along the
trails of the emigrants In the carry settlement
of Utah and California. Occasionally there
were some One specimens among these latter, with the
result that now and again a really excellent animal Is
found In the ilrsert hands of today. When he Is discovered
the hunt Is usually prolonged. rr he Is fleet of foot and
good of wind, as well as long maned and proud of spirit
But his day. too. Ilka that of the bison. Is numbered. It

is only a question of years until he will be annihilated.
He cannot last a great while under the terrific onslaught
that is being waged against him. Recently a goodly
number of these hard knotted, wiry beasts were sent with
many better Utah horses to far off Africa, having been
purchased for war purposes by the British Government
Very many of the horses of the State have been bred up
from mustang origin and are decidedly serviceable. But
for the past two decades there has been much attention
given to the raising of animals of pure blood
only. These comprise all of the standard
breeds of draft, driving, riding and racing
animals. Among them are specimens 'that
cannot fail to attract the attention and ex-
cite the admiration of the lovers of the best
horseflesh.

It has been claimed that the days of the
horse are over, that he will be replaced by
the automobile, the bicycle and other mod-
ern transportation mediums. That claim a
few years ago resulted in the sale and ex-
portation at very low figures of thousands
of Utah horses, and a general decrease in
the number throughout the State. But a
change of sentiment came, and the value of
horses went up again. At present there is
& good local as well as outside demand for
^r them, and it is doubtful whether they will

ever become as cheap again as they were
ten years ago. This welcome change has
caused a marked impetus in the business of
horse raising, and while the industry Is not
what It once was from the number standpoint, it promises
to be more profitable than during any previous period.
Meanwhile automobiles, bicycles and transportation what-
nots of modern manufacture may come and go, but the
horse, who has been the companion, friend and servant
of man from a period that antedates written history, will

CIO. M. I-KI/I MM KIR.

retain his place In the hearts and service of humanity.

Il-

ls the noblest of all animals, and Is destined to live while
humanity lives. And so we say, may his future be linked
in..;- closely with that of man In the coming and going
of the ages, and may his grace, beauty and usefulness
en il u re forever.