J-NRLF 
 
 
 .^., &C M 
 
 CURATOR, 
 
DEC 9 1910 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 RECEIVED BY EXCHANGE 
 
 Class 
 
(' / 
 
 - . 
 
 A,,,/,. y,-W/ . 
 
 / / 
 
BUILDING AND ORNAMENTAL STONES 
 OF NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA. 
 
 2ND EDITION. 
 
 T 
 
 ^ OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
 We replace the Bark Gunyah with Stone and Marble Buildings. 
 
inn 
 
 r H 1 11 
 
 TECHNOLOGICAL MUSEUM SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA. 
 
PLATE I. 
 
 FERNBROOK MARBLE (THE QUEEN ALEXANDRA). 
 
TECHNICAL EDUCATION SERIES, No. 15. 
 
 Department of 
 
 Public Instruction, 
 
 Technical Education 5ranch. 
 
 J. W. TURNER, Superintendent. 
 
 TECHNOLOGICAL MUSEUM, SYDNEY. 
 
 Building and Ornamental Stones 
 
 Of 
 
 New South Wales. 
 
 [2nd Edition.} 
 
 By 
 
 R. T. BAKER, F.L.S., &C., 
 
 V 
 
 1QOQ. 
 
 CURATOR. 
 
 I 
 
 Tublished by the Authority of the 
 
 Government of New South Wales. 
 
EX: . - 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 JHinister : 
 THE HONORABLE J. A. HOGUE, M.L.A. 
 
 .Stcretavg anb fHrector of Sbucation : 
 PETER BOARD, ESQ., M.A. 
 
 ffihtef Inspector of 
 
 J. DAWSON, ESQ., M.A. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 LIST OF COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 BUILDING AND ORNAMENTAL STONES OF NEW SOUTH WALES (ist Edition) 
 ,, ,, ,, (znd Edition) 
 APPENDIX (Southern Tableland) 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 1 1 
 
 69 
 
 77 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IGNEOUS ROCKS. 
 
 Red Granites contd. 
 
 Grey Granites contd. 
 
 II. -GNEISS 
 
 
 *9 
 
 
 PA or.. Maffra 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 70 Bungendore 
 
 PAGE " Bungendore 
 . 72 r 
 
 74. 75 
 
 *7 1 "7 C 
 
 I. GRANITES. 
 
 19 ' 
 
 , Mudgee 
 Mulloon Creek 
 
 20, 
 
 21, 
 
 21 4. Burrowa ... 
 70 Collingwood 
 
 22 + Pomeroy 
 
 72 
 
 73 75 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 Murrumbateman ... 
 
 2 1, 
 
 7 
 
 Cooma 
 
 
 22, 
 
 7 2 
 
 III. TRACHYTE 
 
 29 
 
 (a) Red Granites 
 
 
 Rylstone ... 
 
 
 21 
 
 Cowra 
 
 ... ... 
 
 22, 
 
 7' 
 
 Bowral ... 27-33, 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 Tarago 
 
 21, 
 
 7 
 
 Goulburn 
 
 ... ... 
 
 
 22 
 
 Canoblas ... 
 
 42 
 
 Albury 
 Barren Jack ... 
 Braid wood 
 
 19, 20 
 19, 69 
 19, 69 
 
 Trial Bay ... 
 Wombeyan 
 
 
 21 
 2 I 
 
 Gunning 
 Harden 
 Inverell 
 
 22, 
 
 68, 
 
 22, 
 
 72 
 
 7 2 
 
 22 
 
 Orange 
 IV. PORPHYRY 
 
 j 
 
 33 
 34 
 
 Bungendore 
 
 19, 69 
 
 
 
 
 Jerangle 
 
 
 22, 
 
 72 
 
 Bredbo 
 
 35, 
 
 74 
 
 Bungonia 
 Broula Hills (Cowra) 
 
 19, 69 
 19 
 
 (b) Grey Granites 
 
 . 
 
 
 Lake Bathurst 
 Montague Island ... 
 
 24, 
 
 22 
 
 25 
 
 Burrowa ... 35, 
 Canberra ... 
 
 74. 
 35, 
 
 77 
 
 74 
 
 Carrick 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 
 Moruya 
 
 ... 
 
 23-26 
 
 Cowra 
 
 35, 
 
 74 
 
 Cooma 
 
 21, 69 
 
 Adelong ... 
 
 22, 
 
 7 
 
 Oberon 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 Currawong 
 
 35, 
 
 74 
 
 Cowra 
 
 '9 
 
 Albury 
 
 
 22 
 
 Tenterfield 
 
 25 
 
 Goulburn ... 
 
 34, 
 
 35 
 
 Gabo Island . 
 
 20, 21 Arnprior ... 
 
 22, 
 
 7 
 
 Trial Bay 
 
 ... 
 
 
 25 
 
 Hall 
 
 35, 
 
 74 
 
 Grenfell 
 
 21 * Bathurst 
 
 
 22 Tumut 
 
 ... . . . 
 
 26, 
 
 7 2 < 
 
 k Michelago 
 
 35, 
 
 74 
 
 Inverell 
 
 21 Braidwood 22, 
 
 68, 
 
 70 Uralla 
 
 
 
 26 Murrumbateman ... 
 
 35, 
 
 76 
 
 Jerangle 
 
 21. 7 Breadalbane 
 
 
 2 2 Yass 
 
 
 
 26 Uriarra 
 
 35, 
 
 76 
 
 Jindabyne 
 
 21 Bredbo 
 
 22, 
 
 72 Young 
 
 
 26, 
 
 71 Yass 
 
 25, 
 
 76 
 
 ^04793 
 
CON TEN TS continued. 
 
 V. DIOR1TE 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 35 Marbles contd. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Marbles contd. 
 
 PAGE. PAG 
 
 X. SERPENTINE 54, 
 
 E. 
 82 
 
 Bumbaldry ... 
 Goulburn 
 
 35 Buckeroo ... 
 35. 7 6 Bumbaldry 
 
 ., Nemingha... 
 44 Norongo 
 
 52 Bingara 
 52, 78 Carcoar 
 
 54 
 54 
 
 r ,* 
 
 Jerangle 
 Tarago 
 Tumut 
 Wee Jasper .-.-. 
 
 35> ?6 Bungendore 
 35. 76 Bungonia ... 
 35. 7 6 Burrowa ... 
 35, 76 + Caleula 
 
 46 Parkes 
 46,78 P rtlan , d - 
 46,51 * Queanbeyan 
 
 c 2 ^ O ^ J"ci 
 
 52 Gundagai ... 
 52 Tarrabandra 
 52, 80 4 Tumut 
 
 54 
 82 
 82 
 82 
 
 VI. BASALT 
 
 3 6 
 
 Caloola 39, 43, 46, 
 Carrol 
 
 47, 50 
 46 
 
 Kockley ... 
 Rylstone ... 
 
 4' S 2 
 52 
 
 XI. QUARTZITE 
 
 Burrowa ... 
 
 54 
 82 
 
 Dundas ... ... 36 
 Inverell 37 
 Jerangle ... ... 76 
 Kiama 36, 38 
 Orange 38 
 
 VII. DOLERITE 37 
 
 Coolalie 
 Cooma 
 Cow Flat 
 Cowra 
 Cudal 
 Fernbrook . 3, 41, 
 Gamboola .. 
 
 46, 78 
 46, 78 
 46 
 46 
 46 
 
 46, 47 
 5o 
 
 Sawpit 
 Springhill ... 
 Tam worth ... 
 Tarago 
 Tarrabandra 
 Tumut 
 Walli 
 
 \I7-IJ 
 
 52 
 52 
 52 
 52 
 52, 80 
 52 
 5 2 
 
 Queanbeyan 
 Tarago 
 Tarrabandra 
 Uriarra 
 
 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. 
 
 XII. SANDSTONE 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 84 
 84 
 
 57 
 
 Prospect ... ... 37 
 
 METAMORPHOSED ROCKS. 
 
 Gilmore 
 Goulburn ... 
 Gresford ... 
 Gundagai ... 
 Havilah 
 
 48,78 
 
 78 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 Warialda ... 
 Wee Jasper 
 Windellama 
 Worn beyan Caves 
 Yarrangobilly 
 
 5 2 
 52, 80 
 52, 80 
 
 52 
 52 
 
 Barber's Creek 
 Braid wood 
 Bundanoon .. 79, 84, 
 Canberra ... 
 Desert 
 
 84 
 84 
 85 
 84 
 60 
 
 VIII. MARBLES 39 
 
 Jeir 
 
 48,78 
 
 Yass 
 
 52, 80 
 
 Galong 
 
 84 
 
 Abercrombie Caves ... 
 Adelong 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 Jenolan 
 Kempsey ... 
 
 48 
 
 40, 48 
 
 IX. SLATE 
 
 54, 77 
 
 Grong Grong 
 Marulan 83, 
 
 84 
 84 
 
 Attunga 
 
 44 < 
 
 Limekilns ... 
 
 4 8 '4 
 
 Bungendore 
 
 80 
 
 Milparinka 
 
 60 
 
 Bathurst 
 
 44 Marulan 
 
 50 Cooma 
 
 80 Mundoonan 
 
 84 
 
 Bibbenluke ... 
 
 44 Michelago... 
 
 50, 78 Gundagai ... 
 
 82 Newcastle ... 
 
 58 
 
 Binalong 
 
 44, 78 Molong 
 
 41, 50 Jerrawa 
 
 82 Kavensfield 60, 65-7 
 
 Bingara 
 
 44 Moonbi 
 
 50 Quean beyan 
 
 82 Sydney.. .18, 20, 23, 26, 
 
 3, 
 
 Borenore 
 
 41, 44 Moruya 
 
 50 Taralga 
 
 82 40, 55-9, 61-4 
 
 Brundle Creek 
 
 44, 78 Mudgee 
 
 50 Towrang ... 
 
 82 Yass 18, 
 
 84 
 
COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 IGNEOUS ROCKS 
 
 Granite, Red Gabo ...... 
 
 Mudgee 
 
 Albury . ... 
 
 Granite, Grey- Albury... 
 
 Montague Island 
 
 Moruya 
 
 Uralla ... 
 
 Young ... 
 
 Trachyte ... Bowral 
 
 Canoblas (Orange) 
 Porphyry ... Goulburn 
 
 METAMORPHOSED ROCKS 
 
 Marble 
 
 Bathurst 
 Bathurst 
 Binalong 
 Borenore (Blue) 
 Borenore (Red) 
 Gamboola (Molong) 
 
 v S/ 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 
 METAMORPHOSED ROCKS conio 
 
 ... facing 
 
 1 8 Marbles Fernbrook (Queen Ale 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 18 
 
 Fernbrook 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 20 
 
 Fernbrook 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 22 
 
 Fernbrook 
 
 ... , , 
 
 22 
 
 Fernbrook 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 24 
 
 Fernbrook ... 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 26 
 
 Fernbrook 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 2 4 
 
 Gilmore 
 
 ... 
 
 28 
 
 Kempsey 
 
 ... , j 
 
 3 2 
 
 Lime Kilns ... 
 
 ... j, 
 
 34 
 
 Lime Kilns ... 
 
 
 
 Lime Kilns ... 
 
 
 
 Mudgee 
 
 ,, 
 
 40 
 
 Nemingha 
 
 J> 
 
 42 
 
 Rockley (Bathurst) ... 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 5 2 , 
 
 Rylstone 
 
 . . . ,, 
 
 40 Springhill 
 
 ... >? 
 
 40 Warialda 
 
 
 46 Warialda 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 42 
 
 44 
 44 
 48 
 
 5 
 S 2 
 44 
 46 
 46 
 48 
 
 44 
 42 
 40 
 48 
 
 50 
 S 
 
PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 Of Quarries, &c. ; also of Buildings Constructed of, and Decorated with, 
 New South Wales Building and Ornamental Stones. 
 
 PAGK. 
 
 Attunga Marbles ... ... .. 42 
 
 Basalt Quarry, Kiama ... ... 38 
 
 Do Orange 38 
 
 Bovvral Trachyte Quarry... ... 28 
 
 Caloola White Marble Quarry ... 43 
 
 Church of England, Braidwood .. 68 
 
 Do Breadalbane 77 
 
 Do Bungendore 75 
 
 Do Canberra ... 81 
 
 Do Cooma ... 75 
 
 Do Gunning ... 68 
 
 Clock made of New South Wales 
 
 Marbles 48 
 
 Colonial Sugar Refining Co.'s 
 
 Office, Sydney ... ... 64 
 
 Court House, Cooma ... ... 73 
 
 Customs House, Sydney... ... 23 
 
 Dixson Buildings, Sydney ... 51 
 
 Drilling (Caloola) 39 
 
 Equitable Building, Sydney ... 27 
 General Post Office, Sydney 
 
 Building ... ... ... 18 
 
 Colonnade ... ... ... 24 
 
 Main Entrance ... ... 26 
 
 Hawkesbury River Bridge ... 31 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Her Majesty's Theatre, Sydney 
 
 Vestibule .. ... ... 47 
 
 Intelligence Department, Sydney 32 
 
 Inverell Store . ... ... 37 
 
 Jewish Synagogue, Sydney ... 58 
 National Art Gallery, Sydney 
 
 Portico ... ... 30 
 
 Stairs ... ... ... 41 
 
 Vestibule ... ... ... 40 
 
 Newington College ... ... 63 
 
 Obelisk, Macquarie Place, Sydney 61 
 
 Post Office, Cooma ... ... 73 
 
 Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney 
 
 Vestibule ... ... ... 43 
 
 Public School, Kiama ... ... 36 
 
 Queen Victoria Statue 
 
 Melbourne ... .. ... 50 
 
 Sydney 25 
 
 Ravensfield Sandstone 
 
 Quarry ... ... ... 65 
 
 Structure, West Maitland ... 67 
 Roman Catholic Church 
 
 Braidwood ... ... ... 68 
 
 Burrowa ... ... ... 77 
 
 Yass 81 
 
 Young ... ... ... 71 
 
 PAGK. 
 
 Roman Catholic Convent, Cowra 71 
 
 Do do Yass.. 81 
 
 St. Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney . 55 
 
 St. Mary's Cathedral, Sydney ... 56 
 
 St. Mary's Church, Maitland ... 66 
 St. Peter's and St. Paul's 
 
 Cathedral, Goulburn 34 
 St. Saviour's Anglican Cathedral, 
 
 Goulburn ... ... ... 83 
 
 Soldiers' Memorial, Goulburn ... 79 
 Statue of Allan Cunningham, 
 
 Sydney ... ... ... 64 
 
 Technical College, Sydney ... 33 
 
 Technological Museum, Sydney z 
 
 Marble Columns ... ... 42 
 
 Marble Exhibits ... ... 49 
 
 Specimens of New South 
 
 Wales Building Stones 53 
 
 Vestibule ... ... ... 14 
 
 Town Hall, Goulburn ... ... 85 
 
 Town Hall, Sydney ... ... 59 
 
 Treasury Building, Sydney ... 20 
 
 University, Sydney ... ... 64 
 
 Do do Medical School 57 
 
 Victoria Buildings, Sydney ... 62 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 to 1st Edition. 
 (Bv THE MINISTER OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.) 
 
 GEOLOGICALLY one of the oldest, and historically one of the youngest, of inhabited lands, 
 Australia is rich in many things more substantial than those amusing paradoxes which 
 invested some of the pages of its early history with an atmosphere of romance, and made 
 old-world naturalists smile. Its wool has helped to clothe most of the civilised races of the 
 world ; its corn and the produce of its dairies have fed millions outside its own borders ; foreign 
 markets the world over are open to its coal ; and its wines are winning favour and compelling 
 recognition wherever the juice of the grape is a popular beverage. 
 
 But for a country which, after its cradling, has little more than a century of life to look back 
 upon, the mineral wealth it has already yielded seems almost fabulous when it is remembered that 
 those engaged in its development have as yet, as the popular saying goes, only scratched the surface. 
 It amounted to no less a sum than (for the whole Commonwealth) .660,000,000, up to the end of 1906. 
 The State of New South Wales alone contributed, up to the end of 1907, ^180,000,000. 
 
 Beyond such brief generalisation it is not necessary to go just now. Here is dealt with one 
 section only of the mineral products of one State the building and ornamental stones of New South Wales. 
 
 Quarrying for ordinary building stone may be said to have begun, practically, with the laying 
 of the foundation of the Mother Colony 120 years ago ; and Pyrmont stone, to mention one variety 
 only, has acquired an imperishable reputation for its wonderful durability, its easy yielding to the 
 touch of the mason, and the smoothness and beauty of its surface. 
 
 Marble quarrying, on the other hand, is yet in its infancy as an industry. Very few persons 
 are engaged in winning this species of wealth. Mr. ARTHUR LEE, in his work on "Marble and 
 
Marble-workers " (1887), makes but a brief reference to what, when he wrote, was known of the marble 
 beds in Australia and New Zealand. Mr. S. M. BURNHAM, in his " History and Uses of Limestones 
 and Marbles," while giving little more than a glance at the geological aspect of the subject, as regards 
 Australia, pays that land the easily misunderstood compliment of calling it the "El Dorado of the 
 Southern Hemisphere." Other than scant recognition, however, of Australian wealth in limestone and 
 marbles is not at present, of course, to be looked for. That will come in time. Meanwhile, it is 
 scarcely too much to say that Australia, from its immense yields of gold and other precious metals, to 
 say nothing of its vast mineral wealth generally, is one of the realised El Dorados of the world. 
 
 It is the purpose of the specimens of marble forwarded from New South Wales to the Franco- 
 British Exhibition to give the nations some slight idea of what can be produced in the way of building 
 and ornamental stones in this part of the Southern Hemisphere ; and it is the purpose of Mr. BAKER'S 
 short lay sermon in stones to afford some information as to the nature of the minerals so produced, 
 and where they are to be found. 
 
 When it was determined that the New South Wales Technological Museum, of which Mr. BAKER 
 is Curator, should forward samples of the State's building and ornamental stones to the Franco-British 
 Exhibition, it was felt that illustrations and descriptive matter should accompany the specimens. No 
 attempt has been made to deal exhaustively with the subject, but it is hoped that the necessarily brief 
 account which Mr. BAKER gives, with the exhibits themselves, will stimulate interest abroad in what must 
 prove a priceless national asset. 
 
 A description is given of the localities where the extensive deposits of building and ornamental 
 stones are at present known to exist, with details as to the colour and texture of those now being 
 quarried for architectural purposes. 
 
 In this way the brochure may serve rather as a handbook, for the time-being, for those interested 
 in the subject, than as a work for students of petrology. A more comprehensive work, in which the 
 subject will be dealt with scientifically and in detail, is in contemplation. The importance of the 
 subject, indeed, and the rich field to be worked in, call for some larger work, which should have the 
 element of permanency. 
 
 J. A. HOGUE. 
 February, \ 908. 
 
 10 
 
Building and Ornamental Stones 
 of New South Wales. 
 
 [2nd Edition.] 
 
 SINCE the first, or Franco-British Exhibition edition of this work became exhausted, almost daily 
 applications have been received for copies, and, to meet this demand, the Minister of Public 
 Instruction, the Hon. J. A. HOGUE, M.L.A., has authorised the publication of this edition. 
 \Yhen preparing this reprint, the opportunity was taken of adding to the original several new 
 plates, coloured as well as black and white, and also adding data concerning many new localities for our 
 building and ornamental stones, whilst advantage was also taken to add an Appendix detailing the 
 distribution of such material throughout the southern plateau, as events seem to point to this being the 
 area in which the final selection for the Federal Capital Site will be made. 
 
 The records herein given may thus be of use to those architects to whose lot it will fall to build 
 Australia's future metropolis. 
 
 The greater part of the material for this particular survey was collected, although rather hurriedly, 
 owing to the time being limited, by Mr. C. F. Laseron, of this Museum, and the route of his travels, is 
 given on the map appended. 
 
In the building of Australia's future capital, it is hoped that, in view of the great wealth of building 
 stones available, the words on the title page will, in this particular instance, be fully borne out, and that 
 we will strive to emulate the Roman Emperor Augustus, who is recorded to have said " that he found 
 Rome brick and left it marble" the Australian on his part superseding the bark gunyah of the aborigines 
 by a capital made of home granites and marbles a city that shall be even more durable and beautiful than 
 that which to-day perpetuates in its monuments and edifices the architectural labours of this emperor 
 builder in stone. 
 
 Although so many localities are now known from which excellent lithic building material can be 
 procured in this State, yet the industry is only in its infancy. The prospective development of the 
 trade, however, augurs well for the extension of the industry, although at the present time the value 
 of the imported marbles and granites is somewhat considerable. 
 
 New South Wales rocks possess all the qualities of the imported article, and in many features or 
 characters are superior to them. 
 
 Much modern machinery has been installed by the trade for quarrying, cutting, and polishing, 
 in fact, plant efficient enough to comply with all architectural demands likely to be made upon it for some 
 time to come, is now well established. 
 
 It, therefore, behoves us to take a pride in the development of our natural resources in this direction, 
 and to appreciate our beautiful marbles, granites, &c., cognisant that they can more than hold their own 
 in appearance and hardness against the foreign competitor. 
 
 As regards quality, durability, and colour, the majority of our stones must be ranked as first-class. 
 The grey granites of Uralla, Trial Bay, and many others are certainly equal in colour and hardness to 
 
 12 
 
the best Scottish, so much imported, whilst our marbles are reputed to be harder ; and many are 
 unsurpassed in beauty by those imported from foreign countries. 
 
 Within the last year or two, our local marbles have been utilised in many of the fine buildings 
 erected, and now in course of erection in Sydney, and with very gratifying effects, a circumstance that 
 should lead to their greater utilisation in future. 
 
 The demand for stone for monumental purposes is very large, but the supply is obtained almost 
 entirely from abroad, in spite of the fact that so much excellent material lies at our very door, and needs 
 only developing. 
 
 Since the first edition was published, very many samples of polished and dressed stone have been 
 added to the Museum collection, together with such articles as mantelpieces, polished columns, &c. 
 
 These have been a source of astonishment to all who have seen them, and even builders and 
 architects have been compelled to admit their surprise at the State's potentialities in this direction ; and 
 similar remarks were used by those who saw the Museum exhibits in the late Franco-British Exhibition, 
 held in London, in 1908. 
 
 The publication of the first edition has been the means of giving a fillip to the industry, for inquiries 
 for our stones have been received from Western Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, &c. ; and if Australians can 
 only be induced to take a pride in their own building stones, the success of the trade is assured, whilst 
 the efforts of the Technological Museum to assist in the development of this particular natural resource 
 of the State, will not have been in vain. 
 
' 
 
 Building and Ornamental Stones 
 of New South Wales. ' ;: " 
 
 [ Written for 1st Edition.} 
 
 IN this comparatively newly settled country of New South Wales, where the art of city building may 
 said to be making great strides, it will be found that, in spite of the small and sparsely scattered 
 population, a fair amount of attention has been given to our building and ornamental stones. 
 Building stone, such as sandstone, has, of course, been used in Sydney since the city's 
 foundation, and this beautiful working material being ready at hand and in great abundance, was 
 early utilised, with the result that some very fine and noble edifices adorn the streets of this, the 
 Queen City of the South. 
 
 In recent years our architects, desiring to materialise their conception of beauty, but wanting 
 variety of material, have turned to sources of supply other than the Sydney sandstone, and in searching 
 for material to meet their requirements it was discovered that, in building and ornamental stones of 
 first quality, New South Wales has few compeers. 
 
 Although practically only the surface has been scratched, the indications show that the supply 
 of building material is inexhaustible, and one is, therefore, perhaps justified in stath:g that this unquarried 
 material represents a latent wealth that is of sufficient importance to give employment to thousands 
 of workmen, and will be in the future a considerable factor in the prosperity of this island continent, 
 especially when it is remembered that Belgium employs at the present time 37,000 men in its stone 
 and marble quarries. 
 
There can be no doubt that many more beautiful stones will yet be unearthed when increase of 
 population brings an increased demand ; and further, the specimens exhibited in London and in this 
 Museum, together with the illustrations and information herein given, will, without doubt, carry 
 conviction concerning the extent of our wealth in building and ornamental stones. 
 
 The output is certain to increase, inasmuch as the "skyscraper" is a forbidden structure here, 
 and so steel is not likely to enter into competition with other building material in the proportion that 
 obtains in some other countries. 
 
 The desiderata at the present time in city structures of New South Wales, are durability, utility, 
 and stateliness, combined with chaste decoration. All these qualities can be found in, or produced from, 
 our various natural building stones. 
 
 The atmosphere of these climes is so pure and dry that little or no artificial measures are 
 required to prevent the inroads of adverse climatic conditions upon our stones, and it is pleasing to 
 note that stucco is a thing of the past in our buildings. 
 
 As every beautifying effect can be obtained from our natural sources of building material, there is 
 no necessity to resort to artificiality, and the magnificent buildings of our towns bear full testimony to this. 
 
 Another important quality of our marbles and granites is that very few flaws occur in them ; so 
 that in their preparation for use, such as turning, polishing, carving, &c., no " filling in " or other 
 methods of cobbling are needed to produce a regular and even surface. This, of course, is a distinct gain. 
 
 In the matter of nomenclature, some Continental designations, such as, St. Anne's, Brocatella, 
 &c., &c., have been introduced ; but this want of originality is to be discouraged, and the trade, falling 
 into line with the example set by this Museum, is now bestowing Australian names, and it is by such 
 names that our building stones will in the future be placed on the world's markets. It is obvious that 
 this will be a decided advantage, for, besides giving the nationality of the product, which is only 
 right and as it should be, it will prevent a confounding of our building stones with those of other 
 countries. 
 
 1 6 
 
As this Museum is specially rich in large specimens of building and ornamental stones from other 
 parts of the world, there are thus unusual facilities here for comparative work in connection with the 
 State's lithic productions. 
 
 At present only a limited number of quarries are working, yet the output of these is sufficient 
 to show that, for variation of colour, figure, hardness, polishing qualities, &c., N T ew South Wales 
 possesses some particularly fine building and ornamental stones ; and the same remarks apply in nearly 
 every instance to the known but unworked deposits. 
 
 Accessibility is an important factor in this connection, and so, fortunately, most of the quarries 
 and known deposits are within reasonable distance of Sydney or existing and prospective towns, 
 and easily reached by road, rail, or water ; so that, with the opening up of the country by railway 
 extension, these and other fields will be still further developed. 
 
 As previously stated, this brochure is written for the purpose of introducing our building stones, 
 not only to the architectural world of the Commonwealth, but also to those interested in the subject who 
 are likely to visit the Franco-British Exhibition from British and foreign parts. This is the first time 
 that such an exhibit has left the Australian shores. It should, however, be stated, in fairness to 
 New South Wales, that the best have by no means been sent to London, but only typical specimens, 
 some of them having been taken promiscuously from the surface ; but even these need no apology, for 
 they give a good index to the character of the material, and cannot be otherwise than much admired. 
 
 It is further hoped that this publication will have the immediate effect of at least creating a local 
 or Australian demand for our marbles, granites, trachytes, &c., for public and private buildings; if not 
 for other parts of the Empire as well as the rest of the world. 
 
 I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to the Hon. J. A. HOGUE, M.L.A., Minister of Public 
 Instruction, for so kindly writing the Introduction, and for several hints in the preparation of this work. 
 
 1 7 
 
SYDNEY SANDSTONE AND MORUYA GRANITE. 
 
 (GENERAL POST OFFICE, SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES.) 
 
PLATE II. 
 
 GABO GRANITE. 
 
V >,-' -^ M yX^ 
 
 Ul *'v"fe^, T yA 
 
PLATE III. 
 
 MUDGEE GRANITE. 
 
THESE are fairly well distributed in the eastern portion of the State, over areas of various extent, in 
 bosses and huge masses or deposits as well as in veins or dykes. 
 
 They range (i) in colour from dark red to pale pink, and in the various shades of grey; (2) 
 in texture, from a fine to a very coarse grain ; (3) in varying degrees of hardness (apart, of course, 
 from the weathered or semi-disintegrated portions) ; and, (4) from uniformity to unevenness in the 
 proportion of mineral constituents. 
 
 [See also Appendix 
 
 Very few of these are being worked, but from numerous surface specimens obtained from 
 different localities there can be no doubt that some good stones are to be found in the State, and 
 only require to be prospected. 
 
 The following are the principal known sources : 
 
 ALBURY. Some good granites occur here, but are not 
 worked ; the coarse-grained depicted will give some . 
 idea of the red varieties. 
 
 BARREN JACK. A light but pleasing coloured, red 
 granite, with the facies of a marble ; occasionally 
 having a wavy figure. Mica is rather sparsely scattered, 
 and the felspar here and there has a green tinge. It is 
 hard, heavy, and a first-class building stone. The dam 
 at Barren Jack Reservoir is practically built of this 
 granite, some of the blocks weighing 15 tons. 
 
 BRAIDWOOD. Vide Appendix. 
 BUNGENDORE. Vide Appendix. 
 BUNGONIA. Vide Appendix. 
 
 BROULA HILLS (COWRA). This rock consists of 
 an outcrop, or, more correctly, a series of outcrops, 
 in these Hills about 12 miles westerly from Cowra. 
 Apparently it occurs in a belt about half a mile 
 to a mile wide, and over two miles long. It runs 
 nearly north and south (J. G. Wyndham). It is 
 a fine-grained granite with pegmatitic veins, and 
 possesses a good rosy colour, and further develop- 
 ments would no doubt yield excellent ornamental 
 stone. It is a promising red granite. 
 
 CARRICK. A very fine pink granite is found at Lockyers- 
 leigh, along the railway line. This granite is very 
 hard, and takes a splendid polish. 
 
GABO GRANITE COLUMNS AND SYDNEY SANDSTONE 
 
 (THE TREASURY BUILDING, SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES.) 
 
PLATE IV. 
 
 a^B 
 
 ALBURY RED PORPHYRITIC GRANITE 
 
 Nat. Size 
 

 
C30MA. Vide Appendix. 
 
 GABO ISLAND. From this Island have been obtained 
 some of the best red-coloured granite used in the 
 building trade of New South Wales ; it is the only 
 red variety that has so far been quarried to any 
 extent in this State. 
 
 It is a particularly good granite, the constituents 
 being mixed in about equal proportions, and so 
 producing a fairly uniform texture. The colour is 
 often a deep red, and so is spoken of in the trade 
 as "possessing plenty of life." 
 
 It is specially suited for building, ornamental 
 and monumental work, and the specimens exhibited 
 at the recent International Exhibition held at Christ- 
 church, New Zealand, were much admired by those 
 interested in building and ornamental stones. " 
 
 The deposit is large, and of easy access from the sea. 
 
 GRENFELL. The low hills lying to the north and west 
 of the town are composed of this material. The 
 rock consists almost entirely of even-grained red 
 orthoclase and quartz. It is, however, umvorked. 
 
 INVERELL. A pale-coloured stone, with fine-grained 
 
 felspar predominating. Area of deposit not known. 
 JERANGLE. Vide Appendix. 
 
 JINDABYNE. There is material here of unsurveyed 
 area, and which has not been worked. It much 
 resembles Gabo in colour and texture, and may, 
 perhaps, belong to the same formation. 
 
 I am indebted to .Mr. W. A. Gullick, Government 
 Printer, for the record of this locality. 
 
 MAFFRA. Vide Appendix. 
 
 MUDGEE. The material occurring between Wellington 
 and .Mudgee consists of a remarkably coarse-grained, 
 red granite. 'I he felspar occurs in' large, irregular, 
 red and dull-greenish or glassy-like patches rather 
 than in well defined crystals, and gives the stone 
 a characteristic appearance, which is quite unlike 
 any other granite at present recorded for New South 
 Wales It may be said to resemble somewhat the 
 coarse-grained specimens of granite of Norway in 
 colour and texture. It takes a good polish, and arrises 
 as sharp almost as a knife. There should be a good 
 commercial future before this stone. 
 
 MULLOON CREEK. Vide Appendix. 
 MURRUMBATEMAN. -Vide Appendix. 
 
 RYLSTONE. This large area of granite is said to produce 
 a stone of great rarity and beauty. 
 
 TARAGO. -/7,/, Appendix. 
 
 TRIAL BAY. This is a coarse, pale-red coloured stone, 
 judging from surface specimens obtained and polished. 
 The colour \\ould probably improve on going deeper 
 into the rock mass, and if so it should prove an 
 attractive building and ornamental stone, as the 
 texture is rather pleasing. It has the facies of the 
 Jonesborough granite, Vt., U.S. A , or Trowsworthy 
 granite, Gloucester, England. It is the hardest 
 granite yet turned in a lathe in Sydnev 
 
 WOMBEYAN. A red granite occurs here in a large boss, 
 but has never been worked. Only surface specimens 
 have been examined, so that no correct data can 
 be given concerning its commercial value. 
 
 21 
 
[See also Appendix.} 
 
 These varieties of granites, as far as at present known, are more extensive and numerous than 
 those of the red varieties. Like them, however, they also vary in texture and structure, as well as in 
 shades of colour. They are all excellent building stones, and will, without doubt, be largely used in 
 our city architecture of the future. 
 
 The following are some of the best-known localities for grey granites : 
 
 ADELONG. 
 
 ALBURY. In this district a great number of granites 
 abound, the varieties being too numerous to par- 
 ticularise here. There is a dark-green granite that 
 is worthy of development, as it much resembles 
 serpentine in colour (vide Coloured Plate). 
 
 The fine-grained granite reminds one of that of 
 Richmond, Va., U.S.A., but is a shade darker a 
 rather good feature ; the coarse-grained samples are 
 very distinctive and quite unlike any others from New 
 South Wales. With such variety and choice of stones 
 the cities of the future of this district should be 
 amongst the most beautiful in the Commonwealth. 
 
 ARNPRIOR. Vide Appendix. 
 
 BATHURST. A coarse-grained stone occurs here. 
 BRAIDWOOD. Vide Appendix. 
 BREADALBANE. f 'ide Appendix. 
 BREDBO. Vide Appendix. 
 BUNGENDORE. Vide Appendix. 
 
 BURROWA. A coarse-grained grey granite is found in 
 this district. 
 
 COOMA. Vide Appendix. 
 
 COWRA. This rock is very abundant in the immediate 
 neighbourhood, the lofty hill to the North of the 
 town being entirely composed of this material. The 
 texture of the stone is medium, and the colour is dark, 
 taking, when polished, a slight bronzy lustre, which 
 makes it a very handsome stone. It is easily quarried 
 and worked, and outcropping within a short distance 
 of the railway line, this should be a valuable building 
 stone in the future. 
 
 GOULBURN. Granite is one of the most common rocks 
 in this district. 
 
 GUNNING. There is a large outcrop of a good free- 
 working grey granite at Collingwood, near this town- 
 ship. The stone punches well, and is hard enough to 
 take a good polish. [ Vide also Appendix.] 
 
 HARDEN. Vidf Appendix. 
 
 INVERELL. A pale-coloured coarse-grained granite is 
 quarried here and used for building purposes in the 
 town. 
 
 JERANGLE. Vide Appendix. 
 
 LAKE BATHURST. Grey granite is plentiful in the 
 neighbourhood of this sheet of water. 
 
 2Z 
 
PLATE V. 
 
 -f.~- ?^-Mfr 
 
 ALBURY DARK GRANITE 
 
PLATE VI. 
 
 MONTAGUE ISLAND GRANITE. 
 
MORUYA GRANITE AND SYDNEY SANDSTONE. 
 
 (THE CUSTOM HOUSE, SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES.) 
 
COLUMNS OF MORUYA AND MONTAGUE ISLAND GRANITE. 
 
 (COLONNADE, GENERAL POST OFFICE, SYDNEY.) 
 
PLATE VII 
 
 ^*&~+ZL 
 
 * i ^ ^. ^^^^^k 
 
 * * '? *,< 
 .* * * *^ 
 
 .^/^^^^^^ ' 
 
 .^i^1- v ^Vv^;i: : 
 
 GREY GRANITE, YOUNG. 
 
PLATE VIII. 
 
 
 MORUYA GRANITE. 
 
MONTAGUE ISLAND. This is rather of unusual struc- 
 ture, the large crystals of felspar (labradorite) being 
 its chief characteristic. 
 
 It has been utilised in the Sydney General Post 
 Office with pleasing effect. It takes a good polish, 
 and is close-grained, compact, and hard in texture. 
 This is one of the most elegant of our grey granites, 
 and is less marked with dark basic segregations so 
 characteristic of grey granites generally. 
 
 MORUYA. A medium coarse-grained material, possessing 
 a rather palish, yet pleasing colour. Its otherwise 
 uniform texture is now and again broken by basic 
 segregations, which rather adds to its architectural 
 effects. 
 
 The large main columns of the colonnade of the 
 General Post Office, Sydney, are constructed of this 
 material, and their general effect is much admired. It 
 has also been utilised in many other Sydney buildings. 
 
 OBERON. This is a bright-coloured stone with a pinkish 
 tinge, the black mica being specially pronounced 
 by the lustre of its fractured surface, and contrasting 
 well with the felspar. 
 
 TENTERFIELD. A beautiful porphyritic stone, and 
 unlike any recorded granite. The large flesh- 
 coloured felspar crystals scattered throughout a grey- 
 coloured ground, produce a very pleasing effect, and 
 give the stone a most attractive appearance. It is a 
 splendid combination, so to speak, of red and grey 
 granite, and has great commercial possibilities. 
 
 TRIAL BAY. The grey granite occurring here is quite 
 equal to the best Peterhead, having a fresh, bright 
 colour, or what is known in the trade as "life," the 
 polished and chiselled surfaces contrasting well in 
 decorative work. 
 
 MORUYA GRANITE PEDESTAL 
 
 (QUEEN VICTORIA STATUE, SYDNEY). 
 
TUMUT-F/V/r Appendix. 
 
 URALLA. A very attractive hornblende or dioritic 
 granite is found here, and is one of the best-coloured 
 yet seen in the State. It is a splendid monumental 
 and ornamental stone, and superior to the best Peter- 
 head. It has been likened to the famous Bessbrook, 
 Co. Armagh, Ireland, and will be an esteemed stone 
 when placed on the market. 
 
 YASS. The granite area of this district is large, and 
 runs generally north and south, intruding into slates, 
 
 shales, and limestones. Between Murrumbateman 
 and the Murrumbidgee there runs for several miles 
 north and south a belt of unknown width of stratified 
 granite. It is a splendid stone for building purposes, 
 easily worked and easily quarried, because it is in 
 large slabs, weighing from a few pounds to a few tons, 
 standing on end. 
 
 YOUNG. This rock covers a large area, extending from 
 Harden within a short distance of Grenfell, with very 
 little alteration in nature. Churches and private 
 residences in Young are built of it, and the abundance 
 of Biotite seems in no way to detract from its durability. 
 
PLATE IX. 
 
 - tt-**.-^ 7 tfJ^Wu&v ,,;. r ^-"z 
 
 URALLA GRANITE. 
 
A BOWRAL TRACHYTE QUARRY. 
 
PLATE X. 
 
 BOWRAL TRACHYTE. 
 
[5ee Appendix.} 
 
 Bowral. The building and ornamental stone passing under this name is a favourite one with Sydney 
 architects. There appears to be some doubt as to its true petrological classification, being regarded by 
 some as a Syenite, but probably its systematic position will be found to lie between these two classes 
 of stones. 
 
 It is known commercially as " Bowral trachyte," and so that is the name retained for it here. 
 
 This igneous rock has been principally worked at a bold headland about 85 miles from Sydney 
 on the Southern Line and known as the "Gib," and is close to the town of Bowral. 
 
 This really beautiful stone of unique colour, which may be described as a dark olive green, or, 
 perhaps dark grey, is occasionally streaked with narrow veins containing beautiful sanidine (glassy 
 orthoclase), hornblende, and asgerine crystals. 
 
 It is very solid and takes a beautiful polish, cracks or flaws being quite absent, and blocks of almost 
 any size can be obtained. Some of the finest architectural structures in Sydney are built of this rock. 
 
 As a paving stone it is highly valued, being equal to the famous Caithness, Arbroath, and 
 Yorkshire flagging, and is also eminently useful for foundation work. 
 
 Its weight-carrying capacity is equal to most of the known granites. 
 
 Amongst the most prominent edifices in Sydney constructed from this material are the Equitable 
 Life of New York, Mutual Life of New York, Challis House, Technical College, Bank of Australasia, &c. 
 It has also been used in the piers of the Hawkesbury Bridge, and in the foundations only of many of 
 the largest buildings in Sydney. 
 
SYDNEY SANDSTONE. STEPS OF BOWRAL TRACHYTE. 
 
 (NATIONAL ART GALLERY, SYDNEY.) 
 
PIERS OF BOWRAL TRACHYTE 
 
 (HAWKESBURY RIVER BRIDGE,. N.S.W.) 
 
COLUMNS, FLAGGING, AND BASE-COURSES OF BOWRAL TRACHYTE 
 
 (INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT.) 
 
PLATE XI, 
 
 CANOBLAS TRACHYTE. 
 
In both the polished and unpolished condition it gives an appearance of solidity in buildings 
 that is quite attractive and pleasing. I am indebted to Messrs. Loveridge and Hudson for the loan of 
 the block illustrating their Bowral trachyte quarry. 
 
 TEC OLL1 
 
 BOWRAL TRACHYTE COLUMNS AND ARCHES. 
 
 (TECHNICAL COLLEGE, SYDNEY.) 
 
 Orange. Near this town is 
 a large series of true Trachyte, 
 composing the bulk of the 
 mountain^ known as the 
 Canoblas. 
 
 As a building stone this 
 Trachyte is in great repute 
 amongst local builders, as it 
 is very hard, durable, and 
 polishes a soft grey or buff 
 base colour, with small pink 
 and black spots, producing a 
 very nice figure, and is alto- 
 gether a very neat-looking 
 material. 
 
 It makes a good flagging 
 stone, and is used as such in 
 front of the most important 
 buildings in Orange. 
 
[See a/so Appendix.] 
 
 THIS is a group of hard and very 
 fine ornamental rocks, which are 
 destined to be greatly used in future 
 for internal decorations. At present, 
 however, for obvious reasons, they 
 have not been used extensively, their 
 utilisation being of a local nature. 
 
 There is in the neighbourhood of 
 Goulburn a large deposit 
 of this rock. 
 
 It takes a beautiful 
 olive-green polish, in fact 
 is similar in colour to 
 Serpentine, which stone 
 it certainly should super- 
 sede in building con- 
 struction, for whilst 
 having all the beautiful 
 effects of that material, 
 yet possesses hardness 
 
 GOULBURN PORPHYRY. 
 
 (ST. PETER'S AND ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL, GOULBURN.) 
 
 34 
 
PLATE XII. 
 
 GOULBURN GREEN PORPHYRY. 
 
and durability far beyond that ornate stone. It looks well either polished or unpolished in buildings 
 of any pretensions, and its qualities are well brought out in St. Peter's and St. Paul's Cathedral at 
 Goulburn, which edifice is entirely constructed of this material. 
 
 It is almost identical in colour and marking with a Diorite used in building construction in 
 Minnesota, U.S.A., and occurring at Addison Point in that State. [ Vide also Appendix.] 
 
 BREDBO. Vide Appendix. 
 BURROWA. Vide Appendix. 
 CANBERRA. Vide Appendix. 
 
 COWRA. It occurs here over a large area ; this 
 material having a dark-green base, with white or 
 coloured crystals of felspar scattered throughout. 
 (E. F. Pittman.) 
 
 CURRAWONG. //,/, Appendix. 
 
 GOULBURN. A handsome dark-green rock, which may 
 be systematically classed as a Porphyrite, has been 
 worked in the vicinity, and used extensively for 
 the construction of buildings within the town. 
 
 HALL. Vide Appendix. 
 MICHELAGO. Vide Appendix. 
 MURRUMBATEMAN. Vide Appendix. 
 URRIARA. Vide Appendix. 
 YASS. Vide Appendix. 
 
 [5ee also Appendix.} 
 
 BUMBALDRY. An even-grained, bright-coloured dio- 
 rite outcrops in large quantities about 3 miles east- 
 ward from Btimbaldry. In appearance this rock is 
 very similar to some of the better classes of grey 
 granite. 
 
 GOULBURN.^ Vide Appendix. 
 
 JERANGLE. I 'ide Appendix. 
 TAR AGO. --Vide. Appendix. 
 TUMUT. Vide Appendix. 
 WEE JASPER. Fw'.' Appendix. 
 
 35 
 
THIS material is at present 
 extensively used for road- 
 making and ballast for rail- 
 ways, as well as for building 
 purposes. It is hard, heavy, 
 breaking comparatively easily, 
 and very durable, and is 
 known commercially as "blue 
 metal." 
 
 It is found as a volcanic 
 outcrop in many places on 
 the Main Dividing Range and 
 Coast, and has been exten- 
 sively quarried at Kiama and 
 Dundas. 
 
 There is also an exten- 
 sive deposit at Orange of a 
 fine-grained material, which 
 splits readily into well-formed 
 
 [See also Appendix] 
 
 KIAMA BASALT. 
 
 (PUBLIC SCHOOL, KIAMA) 
 
blocks. It is very hard and 
 takes an excellent polish, 
 which gives it a dark shade 
 of green. 
 
 At Scerling, 9 miles from 
 Inverell, a columnar basalt is 
 quarried and used in the con- 
 struction of business houses at 
 the latter town. 
 
 Extensive ancient lava flows 
 of this material cover the 
 granite of the New England 
 tableland in many places. 
 At Ural la they have been 
 quarried for road metal, and 
 the deposits at Sterling, Armi- 
 dale, and many other localities 
 are of this nature. 
 
 INVERELL BASALT. 
 
 (STORE INVERELL.) 
 
 There is a large intrusive mass, probably a laccolith, of this material at Prospect, near Sydney. 
 It has been extensively quarried for use in the construction of the Prospect dam. Its rank as a building 
 stone is unknown, although it is most durable in the form of steps, as it does not wear smooth nor 
 take a high polish. 
 
 37 
 
[See a/so Append ixJ] 
 
 THE New South Wales marbles are inexhaustible ; they 
 are of varied and beautiful colours, and in addition 
 possess all the other qualities that pertain to first-class 
 marbles, and so are of great commercial value. 
 
 "The value at the quarries of the marble raised 
 during- the year is estimated at ,2,200, as compared 
 with ^1,518 for the year 1906. The marble was prin- 
 cipally obtained from the deposits at Borenore in the 
 Orange District, and Caloola in the Rockley Division. 
 Much difficulty was experienced in securing a constant 
 market for the output, and work at the mines was 
 consequently somewhat intermittent. However, each 
 year sees the marbles from the extensive deposits in 
 this State being brought into more general and effective 
 use, and in view of the excellent quality of the stone for 
 interior decorative purposes, it is reasonable to anticipate that this 
 industry will attain large proportions in the near future." (Mines 
 Department Report, 1907.) 
 
 For obvious reasons only a limited number of quarries are being 
 worked, but an increased demand will alter this, and as these are close 
 to the surface, there is little difficulty in procuring the material. 
 
 "~ 
 
 DRILLING. 
 
 (CALOOLA ) 
 
 39 
 
PLATE XIII. 
 
 BORENORE MARBLE (RED). 
 
PLATE XIV. 
 
 BORENORE MARBLE (BLUE). 
 
PLATE XV. 
 
 ROCKLEY MARBLE, BATHURST. 
 
PLATE XVI. 
 
 BATHURST MARBLE. 
 
 Half .\nt. Six. 
 
NEWEL SHAFTS OF ROCKLEY MARBLE. RAIL OF FERNBROOK MARBLE. 
 
 MARBLE. BALUSTERS, MOLONG MARBLE. 
 
 (STAIRS, NATIONAL ART GALLERY, SYDNEY.) 
 
 STEPS OF BORENORE 
 
 4-' 
 
(a) FINC. I'') COARSE. 
 
 ATTUNGA BRECCIATED MARBLE COLUMNS. 
 
 Necessarily, working on what is practically sur- 
 face stone, the best has yet to be quarried, for the 
 deeper the quarries are opened out the better the 
 material will become, being less fractured and of 
 purer quality, as obtains in some of the old Italian, 
 Greek, and Egyptian quarries which have been 
 worked now for hundreds of years. 
 
 Although practically the industry is only at its 
 inception, yet specimens now exhibited at London 
 and this Museum demonstrate conclusively that a 
 great commercial future is before it. 
 
 The varied colours of these marbles are found to 
 blend, harmonise, or contrast in the specimens from 
 the different localities, in a manner that gives each 
 a distinctive character in its beautiful figures and 
 general effect. 
 
 With such results, obtained from only a few 
 years prospecting, it is not unreasonable to expect 
 that still greater returns await further development 
 of these remarkable marbles. 
 
 The specimens exhibited at the Franco-British 
 Exhibition were from Borenore, Caloola, Fernbrook, 
 Kempsey, Narrabri, Springhill, and Tamworth 
 quarries, these being the more important ones 
 worked at that time. 
 
PLATE XVII. 
 
 BATHURST MARBLE. 
 
 Half Xat. Size. 
 
5 ITY 
 
PLATE XVIII. 
 
 NEMINGHA MARBLE. 
 
PLATE XIX. 
 
 
 FERNBROOK MARBLE. 
 
PLATE XX. 
 
 FERNBROOK MARBLE. 
 
 Half Xitl. Size. 
 
CALOOLA MARBLE FLOOR 
 
 (VESTIBULE PRINCE ALFRED HOSPITAL SYDNEY) 
 
 43 
 
The following- are known localities for marbles of excellent quality :- 
 
 ABERCROMBIE CAVES. A very pale-coloured marble, 
 almost pure \vhite except for a few brownish-red 
 markings. 
 
 ADELONG. An attractive white stone, mixed with a 
 moderately dark green colour. It should look hand- 
 some in columns and in decorations. 
 
 ATTUNGA. This is one of our most handsome marbles, 
 being composed of large pale-coloured fragments 
 embedded in a red-ground mass. It varies much in 
 texture, the coarser varieties frequently consisting of 
 fragments up to i foot or more in diameter, with 
 well-defined edges. It looks magnificent when 
 polished on a large scale, and is so illustrated by 
 columns in this Museum. As a brecciated marble 
 it probably has no superior anywhere. 
 
 BATHURST. Vide LIMEKILNS. 
 BIBBENLUKE.-A crinoidal black and white marble. 
 BINALONG. Vide Appendix. 
 
 BINGERA. This is a continuation of the \VariaIda 
 deposit, and is as yet unworked. Several varieties of 
 variegated and brecciated marbles occur here. the 
 outcrop of this belt of marble continues to the south- 
 wards, being in evidence at intervals between 
 \Varialda, Bingera, Barraba, Manilla, and Tamworth ; 
 whilst Attunga is also upon this line of outcrop. 
 
 BORENORE. Many varieties are produced from this 
 quarry, which is within easy distance of the railway. 
 The deposit is extensive and so is capable of yielding 
 large quantities of stone. The two varieties at present 
 being utilised are a red and a blue. The former, 
 which is a breccia of red and buff coloration, is 
 gaining great favour in Sydney and has been em- 
 ployed for mural decoration in the New Central 
 Railway Station and many other Sydney buildings ; 
 it makes up well for mantelpieces, church 
 columns, &c., and is, therefore, a first-class decora- 
 tive stone. The blue is a breccia, with this colour 
 predominating, and the fossil corals being well 
 brought out in the polishing, give a very rich effect to 
 this stone. It is one of the most beautiful marbles 
 yet discovered in New South Wales. For mantelpieces 
 it is particularly effective, but would be equally so in 
 other directions of ornamentation. 
 
 BRUNDLE CREEK. Vide Appendix. 
 
 BUCKEROO. Many coloured marbles can be obtained 
 from this locality. They range from yellowish- 
 brown to yellowish-grey or red in colour, and the 
 indications from surface specimens are that a good 
 white might be found when opened up. 
 
 BUMBALDRY. A very extensive area of marble out- 
 crops near the main road, about i mile west of the 
 township. '1 he rock is of a richly-variegated red 
 
 44 
 
PLATE XX J. 
 
 KEMPSEY MARBLE. 
 
PLATE XXII. 
 
 MUDGEE MARBLE. 
 
 Half -Va(. Sfze. 
 
PLATE XXIII. 
 
 FERNBROOK MARBLE. 
 
PLATE XXIV. 
 
 FERNBROOK MARBLE 
 
 Half Xat. Size. 
 
fr- 
 
 OIME OF THE CUTTINGS AT THE CALOOLA WHITE MARBLE QUARRY. 
 
 45 
 
colour, with some varieties merging into a deep brick 
 red. As there are unlimited quantities available, this 
 should be a useful addition to our list of first-class 
 marbles. 
 
 BUNGENDORE. Vide Appendix. 
 
 BUNGONIA. A buff-coloured marble. 
 BURROWA. Vide Appendix. 
 
 CALEULA. This marble occurs some distance (16 miles) 
 from Orange. The deposit is large and so is capable 
 of extensive development. 
 
 The predominant variety is a beautiful white and 
 red-streaked stone, approaching somewhat in colour 
 some of the Borenore specimens. It is a very 
 attractive stone, and has been used exclusively in the 
 interior decoration of St. James' Church and Dixson 
 Buildings, Sydney. 
 
 There is also a very prettily-marked mottled 
 variety with green streaks that will come into demand 
 when better known. 
 
 CALOOLA. This newly-opened and latest machinery- 
 worked quarry is situated between the Newbridge 
 and Bathurst railway stations. It is a whitish, 
 coarse-grained marble, occasionally decorated with 
 very faint bluish clouds, but pure white-coloured 
 material will no doubt be encountered as the depth 
 worked is increased. It is a very fine marble, and 
 is quickly coming into favour in the Commonwealth, 
 for it is now to be seen in some form or other in the 
 
 newest architectural structures of Sydney, such as 
 the vestibule of Challis House, Martin Place, and 
 Prince Alfred Hospital. Also Queen Victoria Statue, 
 Melbourne, &c. Its utilisation qualities are too 
 numerous to mention here, but for indoor work of 
 all kinds it is an excellent marble. The plates 
 illustrating this marble were kindly lent by the 
 Commonwealth Marble Co. 
 
 CARROL. Variegated marbles occur near here (D. A. 
 Porter). 
 
 COOLALIE. Vide Yass and Appendix. 
 COOMA. Vide Appendix. 
 
 COW FLAT. Here is found a whitish marble, but yet 
 not much worked. 
 
 COWRA. Dark-coloured limestone occurs as a bold out- 
 crop, striking north and south, and cutting across the 
 Burrowa-road about 8 miles from Cowra. 
 
 CUDAL. This is a bluish-black stone, but not much known. 
 
 FERNBROOK. The varieties produced from this district 
 are too numerous to particularise here, as they range 
 in colour through almost the whole spectroscope. 
 
 There are great commercial possibilities for these 
 beautifully coloured and wonderfully figured marbles, 
 and many of them will no doubt be found superior to the 
 Kuropean and American article. The coloured plates 
 lent by the Commonwealth Marble Co., and shown 
 here, will give some idea of the varieties obtainable. 
 
PLATE XXV. 
 
 GAMBOOLA MARBLE (MO LONG). 
 
 Half Xat. Size. 
 
PLATE XXVI. 
 
 LIME KILNS MARBLE, BATHURST. 
 
 Hulj 
 
PLATE XXVII. 
 
 LIME KILNS MARBLE, BATHURST. 
 
 Half Xat. Size. 
 
FERNBROOK MARBLE STAIRS. CALOOLA PAVEMENT 
 
 (VESTIBULE HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE, SYDNEY > 
 
MADE OF NEW SOUTH WALES MARBLES BY F. RUSCONI. 
 
 GILMORE. Vide Appendix. 
 
 GRESFORD. Gresford, near Maitland (Mr. Thos. 
 Browne}. A dark-coloured crinoidal marble which 
 takes a fair polish. Used for lime-burning. 
 
 GUNDAGAI. This marble is not much known, and is 
 unworked. 
 
 HAVILAH. According to Mr. C. F. Summers, this is a 
 variety of white marble, and one that gives promise 
 of yielding one of the finest white varieties yet found 
 in the State. This authority also states the supply is 
 unlimited. 
 
 JEIR. Vide Appendix. 
 JENOLAN. An unworked marble. 
 
 KEMPSEY. A very ornamental and quite uncommon 
 marble. The matrix, which has a warm, chocolate 
 colour, is studded with small white crinoids, and 
 through the whole run veins of white limestone. 
 When polished it presents a very attractive and 
 beautiful figure, and shows to special advantage in 
 column form. The large columns of the National 
 Art Gallery, Sydney, are made of this material, and 
 are much admired. 
 
 LIMEKILNS. Some very prettily-marked specimens can 
 be obtained from this extensive marble locality, 
 which, from want of demand, is not now being 
 worked. 
 
 48 
 
PLATE XXVI 1 1. 
 
 LIME KILNS MARBLE, BATHURST. 
 
 Half A'at. Size. 
 
PLATE XXIX. 
 
 RYLSTONE MARBLE. 
 

 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 'RNVfe, 
 
PLATE XXX. 
 
 fcJ^iLl^V- ^ 
 
 FERNBROOK MARBLE 
 
 Hal/ Nat. Size. 
 
OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
NEW SOUTH WALES MARBLE EXHIBITS. 
 
 (TECHNOLOGICAL MUSEUM.) 
 
 49 
 
MARULAN. The colours of this marble are too numerous 
 to particulaiise here. It has not been much used for 
 building and ornamental purposes, although it is one 
 of the oldest quarries of the State. The output has 
 been mostly used for lime-making. The first marble 
 obtained from here was used in Victoria House, Pitt- 
 street, Sydney. 
 
 MICHELAGO. ( Vide Appendix.) 
 
 MOLONG. This is one of the most extensive areas of 
 Marble in the State, but samples are not placed at 
 present on the Sydney market, although largely used 
 locally for the many purposes for which this stone can 
 be utilised. 
 
 A great future awaits this field, for, according to 
 Mr. C. F. Summers, the varieties obtainable are equal 
 to anything produced from ancient and modern 
 European quarries. 
 
 MOONBI. An extensive field, but undeveloped. 
 
 MORUYA. This is the only sample of onyx marble that 
 has come under my observation. It has a white 
 ground, and, when polished, appears 10 have a 
 transparent surface. 
 
 MUDGEE. Varied coloured marbles are found at 
 Buckeroo, Flirtation Hill, and Sawpit Gully, and many 
 other parts of the district, but undeveloped at present. 
 
 CALOOLA MARBLE. 
 
 (QUEEN VICTORIA STATUE, MELBOURNE) 
 
 5 
 
PLATE XXXI. 
 
 FERNBROOK MARBLE. 
 
 Half Xat. Size. 
 
PLATE XXXII. 
 
 WARIALDA MARBLE. 
 
 Ha'/ .V<r*. *Vze. 
 
W THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
 :;RN 
 
PLATE XXXIII. 
 
 WARIALDA MARBLE 
 
CALEULA MARBLE DADO. 
 
 (oiXSON BUILDINGS, SYDNEY.) 
 
 5> 
 
NEMINGHA (TAMWORTH). One of the finest and most 
 ornate marbles yet unearthed in New South Wales. 
 It is a crinoidal stone of a rich red ground, studded 
 with large crinoids, sectioned at all angles. It looks 
 magnificent in columns. Mr. C. F. Laseron has dis- 
 covered indications of a green variety. 
 
 NORONGO. Vide Appendix. 
 
 ORANGE. At Douglas occurs a black marble, with white 
 streaks 
 
 PARKES.- A variegated and white statuary marble is 
 found at Ashburnham, 4 miles north of Parkes. 
 (Prof. A. Liversidge.) 
 
 PORTLAND. Some very fine reddish-coloured marbles 
 are obtained both north and south from this locality. 
 
 QUEANBEYAN. Vidt Appendix. 
 
 ROCKLEY. A beautifully sound, black and white crinoidal 
 marble, but has not been developed commercially to 
 any extent. Some samples of it can be seen in the 
 staircase of the Sydney Art Gallery. It is superior to 
 the imported St. Anne's marble. 
 
 RYLSTONE. This is a rich black and white marble, and 
 similar to the St. Anne's marble of Belgium. 
 
 SAWPIT. See Mudgee. 
 
 SPRINGHILL. This is a beautiful black marble, with 
 well-marked fossil corals. It takes a beautiful polish, 
 which gives a depth of reflection quite characteristic, 
 although passing commercially under this name, it 
 really comes from Waldegrave. 
 
 TARAGO. The matrix in this material is black with white 
 yellow sinuous narrow veins. 
 
 ' ' TARRABANDRA. I '/,/< Appendix. 
 
 TUMUT. A richly variegated variety of marble. 
 
 WALLI. A little-known material. 
 
 WARIALDA. Although this is quite a new field, it 
 promises to be a great centre in producing ornamental 
 and building marbles of good quality. A white ground 
 marble with black lines, and a red and white stone are 
 the two principal kinds yet developed. These are very 
 ornamental. Mr. M. W. Hardy, of Narrabri, kindly 
 supplied the material for the coloured plates. 
 
 WEE JASPER. Vide Appendix. 
 
 WINDELLAMA. A black or dark bluish-grey marble, but 
 not much developed. ( Vide also Appendix.) 
 
 WOMBEYAN CAVES. A white saccharoidal marble 
 occurs here in enormous quantities, but is as a rule 
 somewhat coarse. 
 
 YARRANGOBILLY. -A little-known marble. 
 
 YASS. A quarry of white and variegated marble is worked 
 at Coolalie by Mr. James. ( Vide also Appendix.) 
 
PLATE XXXIV. 
 
 BINALONG GREEN MARBLE. 
 
 .Vat. Site 
 
THE 
 UNIVERSITY ) 
 
 Of 
 
PLATE XXXV 
 
 GILMORE BANDED MARBLE. 
 
 Xat Six. 
 

 Of THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
PLATE XXXVI. 
 
 SPRING HILL MARBLE. 
 
(5ee Appendix.) 
 
 (See Appendix.) 
 
 Bingara, Cowra, and Carcoar are the best known districts from where this material can be 
 obtained, but not much attention has been given to its development. 
 
 The material from the different localities is of an ornamental character, various shades of green 
 being the predominating colour. New South Wa'es Serpentine will no doubt be used in our architecture 
 of the future as a decorative stone. 
 
 (See Appendix.) 
 
 54 
 
SYDNEY SANDSTONE. 
 
 (ST. ANDREW'S CATHEDRAL, SYDNEY.) 
 
 55 
 
SYDNEY SANDSTONE. 
 
 (ST. MARY'S CATHEDRAL, SYDNEY.) 
 
SYDNEY SANDSTONE 
 
 (MEDICAL SCHOOL, SYDNEY UNIVERSITY.) 
 
 (See also Appendix.) 
 
 SYDNEY, in particular, is well served in the 
 matter of sandstone, for it has at its very door, so 
 to speak, an inexhaustible supply ; and it must 
 have been a source of satisfaction to Governor 
 Phillip, when founding the city, that such an area 
 of building material was so close at hand. 
 
 Sydney proper is practically built on a sand- 
 stone formation, known geologically as the 
 " Hawkesbury Sandstone," called after the river 
 of that name, and which in the greater part of its 
 course runs through this formation. 
 
 From the foundation of the city to the present 
 day this sandstone has been extensively used in 
 buildings, being specially well adapted for archi- 
 tectural and ornamental work, as it can be sawn 
 and carved with ease, and after being freshly cut, 
 tones down to a light straw colour, which it 
 retains for an indefinite period. It is composed 
 of small particles of waterworn quartz, with a 
 cementing medium of varying constituents. 
 
SYDNEY SANDSTONE. 
 
 (JEWISH SYNAGOGUE, SYDNEV.) 
 
 Much might be written on the adaptability of this stone 
 for building purposes, and which has contributed so largely to 
 the architectural beauty of Sydney, the first city of Australia. 
 
 The following are some of the more important edifices 
 constructed from this stone : 
 
 Sydney Town Hall ; 
 General Post Office ; 
 Sydney University ; 
 Fisher Library ; 
 Mitchell Library ; 
 Public Library ; 
 Art Gallery; 
 
 And many large business and private buildings, as well as 
 Cathedrals and Churches. 
 
 To the north of Sydney is the coalopolis of the State 
 i.e., Newcastle ; and here the Coal Measures are capped by a 
 sandstone known geologically as the Newcastle Sandstone. 
 
 To all intents and purposes this is identical commercially 
 with that found in the neighbourhood of Sydney, and is of 
 equal merit as a building stone. 
 
59 
 
In the far interior of the State occurs another deposit of sandstone, known geologically as the 
 "Desert Sandstone," an unfortunate term, in my opinion, as it is likely to convey the impression 
 that that part of the State is a " blistering Sahara," when such is not the case. 
 
 The term " Milparinka Sandstone" is now suggested for it. At Wilcannia a good sandstone 
 occurs, and has been used in a number of local buildings, including the Prison ofthe town. (J. Turner.} 
 
 At Albury, at Tabletop, there is an excellent hard red sandstone intermixed with water-worn pebbles. 
 At Frogshole, near Goulburn, there is a sandstone which is quite soft when cut out, but hardens 
 
 considerably on exposure, and specimens used as base courses in Goulburn show no signs of weathering 
 after forty years. 
 
 The sandstones of the Coal Measures themselves, though as a rule unworked, are frequently of 
 a nature adaptable for building purposes. 
 
 To the same great Permo-Carboniferous formation that the Coal Measures are part of, belong 
 marine sandstones, which differ in composition from the Sydney sandstones, and these are amongs t 
 the best in the State. Such is the " Ravensfield Sandstone " worked at Ravensfield, near Maitland. 
 
 Professor David speaking of this quarry says : 
 
 The sandstone is from 10 to 12 feet in thickness, of a warm sepia-brown appearance; it is fine grained, a good 
 freestone, easily worked, and is one ofthe best building stones of its kind as yet found in New South Wales.* 
 
 There is also a handsome variety of a fine bluish tint. 
 
 Many of the leading buildings in West Maitland are constructed of this stone, which is excellent 
 for carving purposes. It is very little affected by weathering, and the edges of fine carving are still sharp 
 after many years' exposure. The absence of joints makes it possible to obtain blocks of almost any length, 
 and in addition to the building qualities, all these sandstones make good grindstones. 
 
 * Geology of the Hunter River Coal Measures. Memoir No. 4, Geological Survey of New South Wales, p. 122. 
 
 60 
 
SYDNEY SANDSTONE AND BOWRAL TRACHYTE. 
 
 VICTORIA BUILDINGS, SYDNEY. 
 
 62 
 
WARATAH CAPITAL OF SYDNEY 
 SANDSTONE. 
 
 (NEWINGTON.) 
 
 THE "\Varatah" (Telopea speciosissinm, R.Br.) is the 
 national flower of New South Wales. 
 
 It is probably the most gorgeous amongst the native 
 flora, and its generic name " Telopea " (seen from afar) is 
 most happily chosen. 
 
 What the Lotus was to the Egyptian, and the Acanthus 
 to the Greek, in architectural decoration, the Waratah 
 promises to be to the Walesian. 
 
 In the above capital, carved many years ago, the 
 sculptor has cleverly shown its suitability for decorative- 
 purposes. 
 
 SYDNEY SANDSTONE. 
 
 (THE COLONNADE, NEWINGTON COLLEGE, SYDNEY.) 
 
RAVENSFIELD SANDSTONE QUARRY. 
 

 T 
 
 (T 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 4 
 
 s 
 
 ^ 
 
 <? + t> 
 
 66 
 
RAVENSFIELD SANDSTONE 
 
l 
 
 1. GRANITE. 
 
 (CHURCH or ENGLAND, BRAIDWOOD.) 
 
 2. GRANITE. 
 
 (BOMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH BTIAIDWOOD .) 
 
 3. GRANITE. 
 
 (CHURCH OF ENGLAND, GUNNING.) 
 
 68 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 As the final selection of a Commonwealth Capital Site will probably be made in the Southern Tableland 
 of this State, a special flying" lithic survey was made in order to collect information regarding the 
 resources of this district in building and ornamental stones. 
 
 The results were beyond expectations, and prove conclusively that in this particular architectural 
 material it is especially rich, as shown by the data given below. 
 
 If such results could be obtained rn so short a time working over one area of this State, it certainly 
 demonstrates that in others where indications are already known, that in the matter of building and 
 ornamental stones, New South Wales must be remarkably wealthy. 
 
 Red Granite. 
 
 BARREN JACK. (see page 19.) 
 
 BRAIDWOOD. This is a red variety, similar in 
 character, but rather lighter in appearance to that 
 of Gabo Island, and is found in abundance at the 
 south end of the town. 
 
 It is composed almost entirely of quartz and 
 orthoclase, and very little hornblende and biotite. 
 The felspar is a fine pink colour, and the texture 
 being fairly coarse it should prove a valuable 
 building stone, as it polishes well. 
 
 BUNGENDORE. A fine-grained red aplitic granite, 
 outcrops about 8 miles to the north of Bungendore. 
 
 BUNGONIA. There is reel granite in this locality, but 
 specimens have not come under the notice of the 
 author. 
 
 COO MA. A fine-grained red granite, outcrops on the 
 Berridale-road, 17 miles south-west from Cooma 
 (.4. E. Zeigler). 
 
Red Granite continued. 
 
 JERANGLE. 
 
 (a) This is an even-grained rock, containing equal 
 
 proportions of red orthoclase and quartz. It 
 is very similar in appearance to the Braidwood 
 red granite. 
 
 (b) Porphyritic red granite. This is a coarse-grained 
 
 rock, containing numerous large crystals of red- 
 coloured orthoclase up to one inch in diameter. 
 Should take a very handsome polish. 
 
 MAFFRA. This locality is 25 miles south of Cooma. 
 The rock is a pink, somewhat pale-coloured granite, 
 fine in grain, and takes a good polish. 
 
 MULLOON CREEK. A red, coarse, handsome granite 
 occurs in unlimited quantities at this locality, 
 which is situated 10 miles east of Bungendore. The 
 colour is variegated, produced by the presence of a 
 pink orthoclase and a pale-green vitreous plagio- 
 clase, whilst porphyritic quartz crystal; also occur, 
 along with hornblende and biotite. 
 
 MURRUMBATEMAN. Mr. W. Fairley states that a 
 red granite occurs west of this town. 
 
 TAR AGO. Extensive deposits of a flesh-coloured, coarse- 
 grained granite occur about 6 miles south of Tarago, 
 on the Braidwood Road. 
 
 Quartz and felspar (orthoclase) make up the bulk 
 of the rock. It has not been worked yet. 
 
 Grey Granite. 
 
 ADELONG. The grey granite of this locality has been 
 quarried near the town, and used for paving the 
 streets of Tumut, and on the authority of Mr. J. 
 Turner, of Goulburn, it is an excellent commercial 
 stone. 
 
 ARNPRIOR (Larbert). A grey granite, similar to that 
 at Braidwood, is the chief rock in this locality. 
 
 BRAIDWOOD. Extending almost from Tarago right 
 into Braidwood, a distance of 18 or 19 miles, is a 
 coarse-grained variegated hornblendic granite, some- 
 what resembling that of Table Mountain, Albury. 
 
 There are two species of felspar present, the 
 larger portion consisting of pale-coloured plagio- 
 clase with a faint greenish tinge. There is also 
 some pink orthoclase, and clear glassy quartz in 
 abundance. 
 
 It is an excellent ornamental building material, 
 and the Anglican and Roman Catholic churches 
 are constructed of it, besides many of the business 
 houses and residences in the town ; and being in 
 unlimited quantities it should be a very valuable 
 building stone in the future. 
 
 70 
 
Grey Granite continued. 
 
 2. This variety is a fine-grained material, and 
 occurs at the south end of Braidwood. It is, how- 
 ever, pale in colour, and the exposed blocks examined 
 were too much weathered for one to give an opinion 
 as to its fitness for building purposes. It requires, 
 therefore, further investigation. 
 
 BREDBO. A hard, fairly coarse granite, outcrops about 
 7 miles to the east of this township, It is similar 
 in appearance to the Jerangle grey granite, but is 
 lighter in colour. 
 
 BREADALBANE. The Gunning granite extends east- 
 wards within 3 or 4 miles of Breadalbane, and 
 within 8 miles of Goulburn. (/. Turner.) | 
 
 BUNGENDORE. A very hard, tough, grey granite, 
 outcrops between 4 and 5 miles north of this town- 
 ship on the Tarago-road. The rock is coarse in 
 texture and outcrops in large boulders, which could 
 be easily quarried. 
 
 COLLINGWOOD, NEAR 
 
 has been opened out. 
 
 GUNNING.-Here 
 (/. Turner.) 
 
 a quarry 
 
 COOMA. On the Berridale-road, about 9 miles from 
 Cooma, a fine-grained dark-coloured granite out- 
 crops. 
 
 GUNNING. A first-class granite outcrops about 6 miles 
 west of Gunning, and in fact, constitutes the whole 
 surface of the countryside between that spot and 
 the town, but at present is not much worked, 
 although the Anglican Church and several private 
 houses are built of it. 
 
 It is a fine-grained hornblende granite, hard, 
 tough, and dark in colour. The abundance of 
 hornblende gives the stone sufficient colour for 
 commercial purposes. Looks very well polished. 
 
 HARDEN. Large outcrops of grey granite occur 
 throughout the district. The rock is bright in 
 colour, fresh-looking, and fairly tough. 
 
 JERANGLE. 
 
 (a) Hornblende granite. This is a fairly coarse 
 
 rock, with abundance of clear glassy quartz and 
 large crystals of hornblende. It outcrops in 
 the mountains to the east of Jerangle, in the 
 form of large tables or floors, and so is easily 
 quarried. 
 
 (b) Porphyritic grey granite. The base of this rock 
 
 is of a very fine aplitic natur.% and dark-grey 
 in colour. Large porphyritic crystals of white 
 felspar are abundant, while those of quartz are 
 less common. Should polish very well. 
 
 TUMUT. A deposit of this stone occurs near the 
 serpentine belt, 16 miles N.E. of Tumut. 
 
 7 2 
 
Gneiss. 
 
 BUNGENDORE. There are unlimited quantities of this 
 material available for building purposes. It is 
 known locally as granite, and has been used in 
 many buildings in Bungendore. 
 
 The matrix is a buff or yellowish colour with 
 streaks of black, and is not unpleasant when 
 polished, in fact looks like some kinds of marble. 
 
 COOMA. Gneiss is the chief rock in the Cooma District, 
 and has been largely used in the construction of 
 
 buildings within the town. The rock at first 
 appearance is not unlike granite, and is dark-grey 
 in colour, consisting chiefly of quartz, felspar, and 
 abundant black mica (biotite). The schistose 
 structure is not as a rule visible in small specimens 
 and imparts but a slight grain to the stone, which is 
 easily quarried and worked. There is an unlimited 
 quantity available. 
 
 POMEROY, NEAR GOULBURN. A grey material of 
 this character occurs in the locality. 
 
 Porphyry. 
 
 Rocks of this nature are exceedingly well developed in 
 the south-eastern plateau of New South Wales, and of 
 necessity only a few of the many and distinct types 
 can be tabulated. 
 
 BREDBO. A light-coloured quartz porphyry with a 
 pale bluish-grey base, outcrops immediately to the 
 east of Bredbo. It should take a good polish. j?rji 
 
 BURROWA. Dark quartz porphyries, similar to those 
 at Yass, are abundant near the town, and are used 
 in the construction of churches and other buildings. 
 
 CANBERRA. There is a rather plentiful supply of this 
 dark, almost black rock, which splits easily with a 
 slightly flinty fracture. 
 
 It has been used in part in'the Canberra Church. 
 
 CURRAWANG. Here occurs a small outcrop of felspar 
 porphyry. 
 
 HALL. Quartz porphyry occurs here, similar to that 
 at Canberra. The church is built of this rock. It 
 outcrops at intervals right throughout the district. 
 
 MICHELAGO. Quartz felspar porphyry outcrops in 
 the range of hills lying between the township and 
 the Murrumbidgee River. The rock has a grey 
 base, with abundance of white felspar, and some- 
 times approaches very near a granite in texture. 
 Another variety occurs on the opposite side of this 
 range. It is fine-grained, with abundant small 
 crystals of pink orthoclase. 
 
 74 
 
Porphyry continued. 
 
 MURRUMBATEMAN. To the west of the town is 
 found a stone which has been called " stratified 
 granite " but is in reality a quartz porphyry, 
 similar to the other rocks of that type in the 
 district. (Vide " Grey Granite," Yass.) 
 
 URIARRA. A very fine-grained quartz felspar por- 
 phyry is found near the Post Office. The base is dark, 
 and there is an abundance of fine pink orthoclase. 
 
 A rock with a chocolate base, in which are 
 embedded numerous white felspar and quartz 
 crystals, outcrops on th; Murrumbidgee River, 
 below its junction with the Uriarra to Queanbeyan 
 road. 
 
 YASS. The hills surrounding this town are composed 
 of this material, so that the supply is equal to all 
 demands for a long time. 
 
 The base is a dark olive green, in which are 
 numerous white, well-defined felspar crystals along 
 with abundant clear glassy quartz, speckled with 
 larger masses of green hornblende. 
 
 So far it is unworked, owing perhaps to its hard- 
 ness a quality that would be compensated by its 
 durability. 
 
 Diorite. 
 
 GOULBURN. A fine-grained, dark-coloured diorite is 
 extensively developed in this district. The rock, 
 which takes a good polish, has been largely used in 
 the construction of local buildings. 
 
 JERANGLE. A fine-grained dark diorite, very hard 
 and tough, occurs as belts or dykes, up to 20 yards 
 across, cutting through the granite of the locality. 
 
 TARAGO. A fine-grained green diorite occurs about 
 14 miles beyond this town in the direction of Braid- 
 wood. The predominent minerals are black horn- 
 blende, and a pale-green felspar (plagioclase) which 
 being in about the same quantities, produce an even 
 texture. 
 
 Basalt. 
 
 JERANGLE. This rock is abundant near here, and is known locally as Whinstone. 
 
 TUMUT. This material occurs in abundance in the hill 
 immediately to the south of the town. It is a 
 peculiar rock, dark in colour but very uneven 
 in texture ; coarse patches occur at intervals 
 through the matrix, consisting of lath-shaped white 
 felspar crystals. It is very tough, and hard to 
 work, and may be classified systematically as inter- 
 mediate between a true diorite and porphyrite. It 
 takes a good polish. 
 
 WEE JASPER. The tops of the ranges south of Wee 
 Jasper on the Tumut-road are composed of this 
 hard, tough material. 
 
 76 
 
77 
 
Marble. 
 
 BINALONG. A deposit outcrops near the railway line 
 west of the Binalong railway station. A sage-green 
 colour characterises the whole mass, though there 
 is a paler-coloured variety with brown and green 
 tinges throughout. 
 
 Our attention was drawn to this green-coloured 
 marble by Mr. F. Rusconi, of Gundagai. 
 
 BRUNDLE CREEK. A white marble obtrudes here, 
 almost identical with that of the Tarrabandra stone. 
 
 BUNGENDORE. A limestone of a dark grey colour is 
 found about 6 to 8 miles east of this township. 
 
 BURROWA. A rather handsome marble with large 
 red markings occurs near Burrowa. f F. Ruscnni.j 
 
 COOLALIE. A deposit of marble occurs in this locality, 
 about i mile north of the station, in a level, accessible 
 situation. It outcrops in the form of large boulders 
 over several acres of country, and at a short distance 
 below the surface merges into solid rock. Like 
 most marble deposits the texture shows several 
 varieties. The surface specimens have a yellow 
 stain, but this would most probably disappear, as 
 the solid material is reached, which from indica- 
 tions should be snow-white. 
 
 The samples examined may be classed in colour 
 as white, reddish tinge, and brown. 
 
 COOMA. While marble is found at Tollbar, 5 miles 
 N.E. of Cooma. 
 
 GOULBURN. At Shea's Creek, 6 miles east of the town, 
 a red marble outcrops. 
 
 GILMORE. Here occurs what is probably the finest 
 white or statuary marble yet unearthed in N.S.W. 
 It outcrops at the side of the mountain at Upper 
 ^ Gilmore, 15 miles S.W. of Tumut. The belt strikes 
 
 N.W. and S.E., and is approximately about 120 
 feet in thickness, with an almost vertical strati- 
 fication giving it a well defined grain. It thus 
 splits readily into slabs, sometimes very thin, 
 although some large pure-white blocks have been 
 obtained, the prevailing colour being pink, banded 
 with dark green lamina?. It is fine-grained, even in 
 texture, pure white, having a translucency near the 
 edges, or in thin slices. At greater depths larger 
 blocks would be most probably found. The quarry 
 is worked by Mr. Back, of Gilmore, for lime. 
 
 JEIR. One mile south of Jeir on the main road an out- 
 crop of marble occurs. It is unworked. The colour 
 varies from a light to a deep chocolate and often 
 shows a pretty mottling. 
 
 MICHELAGO. A very large deposit of marble outcrops 
 on the Murrumbidgee River, 2 miles west from the 
 township. There are many varieties, which include 
 white, yellow, brown, blue, and pink coloured 
 marbles. A purple, crinoidal variety is very 
 handsome, and similar in appearance to the Kempsey 
 st ne. This locality is unfortunately at present 
 somewhat difficult of access. 
 
 NORONGO. An outcrop of marble varying in colour 
 from nearly white to dark-blue occurs at this 
 locality, which is about 10 miles from Captain's 
 Flat. The rock is characterised by its remarkable 
 contortion ; and. on polishing, this character should 
 give it a peculiar and rare appearance. 
 
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 79 
 
QUEANBEYAN. The outcrop is in the form of high 
 bluffs, which flank the Queanbeyan River about 
 3 miles S. of the town. Unlike most rocks of this 
 nature it is finely laminated, and splits with a well- 
 defined grain parallel to the lamination. The 
 laminae are very thin and vary in colour, producing 
 varying combinations. White, blue, pale-pink, 
 brownish, and light-green varieties are all common. 
 In places the rock is contorted in an extraordinary 
 manner. Cut at right angles to the lamination, this 
 would make a handsome and rare ornamental stone, 
 and the quantity available is inexhaustible. 
 
 TARRABANDRA. This belt occurs about 12 miles 
 north of Tumut, and appears to be similar in 
 character to the Gilmore deposit, to which formation 
 it runs parallel, and like that material looks well 
 polished. It was worked by a Melbourne company 
 thirty-six years ago, but after a short time work 
 was discontinued. 
 
 WEE JASPER. There is an extensive deposit of a dark- 
 coloured limestone in this locality, but a large portion 
 
 continued. 
 
 of it will be covered by the waters of the Barren 
 Jack reservoir. 
 
 k A much better marble occurs about 4 miles south 
 
 from this, on the banks of the Little River. It 
 is fine and even in grain, but has not been worked ; 
 so no further data can be given. 
 
 WINDELLAMA. A large deposit of dense black marble 
 outcrops on Windellama Creek, 2 miles from the 
 post office. There is an unlimited quality available, 
 and it is the best black marble yet found in New 
 South Wales. It is easily quarried into slabs which 
 are very sound. 
 
 YASS. The district is well favoured in its limestones. 
 There is a handsome black variety on the hill to 
 the west of the town, which appears suitable for 
 building. 
 
 A fossiliferous variety outcrops at Hatton's 
 Corner, 2 miles from Yass. It is entirely constructed 
 of corals and other organisms. Polished, the coral 
 has a very ornamental character, and it should do 
 well for mantelpieces and mural decorations. 
 
 Slate. 
 
 This material occurs in a great many localities through- 
 out the whole southern district, but so far only inferior 
 qualities have been quarried. 
 
 BUNGENDORE. It has been reported that a slate in 
 a form capable of being split into large slabs occurs 
 about 5 miles south-east of Bungendore on the 
 Captain's Flat Road. It is also stated, however, 
 
 that it is somewhat soft and might be useful for 
 flagging, but requires investigating regarding its 
 economics. 
 
 COOMA. A large deposit of roofing slates outcrop near 
 the Adaminaby-road. n miles W. of Cooma. The 
 rock is blue in colour, hard, and splits readily into 
 slabs T V of an inch in thickness. 
 
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 81 
 
Slate continued. 
 
 GUNDAGAI. A slate quarry has been opened near this 
 township, and there is any quantity of material 
 available. The rock is hard with a good surface, 
 but the cleavage is hardly fine and regular enough 
 in the material examined. Better results may yet 
 be obtained when investigated on a more extensive 
 scale. 
 
 JERRAWA. There is a fairly extensive slate deposit 
 about 3 miles east of this town. It is difficult to 
 give an opinion on its qualities as only surface 
 material is procurable, which, however, i; fissile, 
 splitting easily into very thin leaves. 
 
 The indications are that at a lower depth it 
 might prove a satisfactory slate. 
 
 QUEANBEYAN. From 4 to 5 miles from the township 
 on the Cooma-road, slates, splitting readily into 
 thin slabs with good lustrous surfaces, outcrop, 
 The weathered nature of the specimens examined 
 renders it impossible to estimate its quality below 
 the surface. 
 
 TARALGA. At Currawang Creek there is a deposit of 
 blue slate suitable for flagging and roofs, especially 
 the latter, for in colour it equals the best blue Welsh. 
 (J. Turner.) 
 
 TOWRANG. A slate quarry was opened here many years 
 ago, but has not since been worked. 
 
 Serpentine. 
 
 GUNDAGAI. A material similar to that of Tarrabandra 
 is abundant in and around Gundagai, but requires 
 further exploiting. When polished takes a deep 
 green colour, and looks very well. 
 
 TARRABANDRA. A dark olive-green coloured, mottled 
 serpentine is found here running in a north-west 
 and south-east direction. Only surface material 
 
 was available for examination, but the indications 
 point to the presence of good serpentine. 
 
 TUMUT. A belt of blue and green serpentine crosses 
 the main road some 16 miles north-east of Tumut, 
 and is probably a continuation of the Gundagai 
 belt, running as it does in a north-west and south- 
 east direction. 
 
 Quartzite. 
 
 BURROWA. An outcrop of quartzite is found about 
 9 miles from Burrowa, on the Young-road. The 
 rock is fissile, splits readily into slabs, and is used 
 for flagging in the township. 
 
 T 
 
 QUEANBEYAN. This is an abundant stone in this 
 neighbourhood, the white varieties having been 
 used in commercial buildings and ecclesiastical 
 edifices in the town. 
 
MARULAN SANDSTONE. 
 
 (ST. SAVIOUR'S ANGLICAN CATHEDRAL. GOULBURN.) 
 
Quartzitc -continued. 
 
 TAR AGO. The most common rock at this locality is 
 a hard, pure white quartzite. It has, however, 
 not yet been worked, but being available in any 
 quantity might be useful in the future. 
 
 TARRABANDRA. There is a peculiar form of foliated 
 quartzite at this place, but so jointed at the surface 
 
 that only small specimens are available, 
 low's house is built of this material. 
 
 Mr. Har- 
 
 URIARRA. A large outcrop of massive, dark-red 
 quartzite, outcrops on the Murrumbidgee River at 
 its junction with the Uriarra to Queanbeyan road. 
 
 Sandstone. 
 
 BARBER'S CREEK. The sandstone of this locality is 
 of good quality, although occurring in narrow layers 
 separated by intervening pebble beds. ( J. Turner.) 
 
 BRAIDWOOD. At Nerriga there is a fine-grained sand- 
 stone. 
 
 BUNDANOON. This is one of the best sandstones in 
 New South Wales for big buildings. It has been 
 used in the Goulburn Court-house, and generally 
 in all buildings of any pretensions in the Southern 
 District. Varies in colour from white to pink. It 
 forms the base and pedestal of the Soldiers' Memorial 
 at Goulburn, the photograph of which was kindly 
 lent by Mr. J. Turner, Goulburn. 
 
 CANBERRA. Several quarries have been opened out 
 in this material, but with hardly satisfactory 
 results, although it has been used in some of the 
 local public buildings. It is stated that the red 
 variety makes a handsome building stone in con- 
 junction with other white stones, such as Can- 
 berra and Bundanoon. 
 
 The Canberra church is built of the white Canberra 
 stone. 
 
 GALONG. At this locality is a hard, buff-coloured sand- 
 stone, which is excellent for flagging and steps. 
 It has been used for flagging on the platform of the 
 Binalong Railway Station. (J. Turner.} 
 
 GRONG GRONG. There is a quarry here of hard, red 
 flagging, somewhat resembling that of Galong. It 
 has been used for flagging and kerbstones in the 
 VVagga District. (J. Turner.) 
 
 MARULAN. There is a good building sandstone at 
 Marulan, which has long been used in buildings in 
 some of the Southern cities. 
 
 MUNDOONAN. There is a sandstone here that is used 
 in local building construction, and is of a very fair 
 quality. 
 
 YASS. At the Gap and Barber's Mill Quarry a sand- 
 stone has been quarried and used in some quantity 
 in locally constructed edifices, such as churches, &c. 
 It is grey in colour, and has a fairly even texture, 
 but there is no data so far available concerning 
 its durability. 
 
 A blue-coloured calcareous sandstone is employed 
 locally in large buildings, and so far appears to 
 give satisfaction. A bed occurs near the banks of 
 -the Yass River, and is easily quarried and dressed, 
 and so is a good freestone. 
 
 84 
 
D/ofiTC. 
 O fi/5S. 
 MARBtf 
 
 Scale of Miles 'i 
 
 Prepared by Technological . Museum, 
 
 JICHNICAL Eouu von BRANCH. Sydney. 
 
 9 SERPENT/HE 
 SANDSWNE 
 QUARTZ/TE 
 
 ffoute taken m a flying suryfy 
 for Building Stones =e 
 
 RAILWAYS sham thus 
 
 SKETCH MAP 
 
 showing distribution of 
 
 ibo. BUILDING & ORNAMENTAL STONES 
 
 within the 
 SOUTHERN TABLELAND 
 
 and ailjacent districts. 
 
 iCOOMA. 
 
f 
 
 BUNDANOON SANDSTONE DRESSINGS. 
 
 (GOULBURN TOWN HALL.) 
 
 3, 
 
 'T 
 
SYDNEY I 
 W. A. GULLICK, GOVERNMENT' PRINTER. 
 
 1909. 
 
 cJ 
 
THXS BOOK 
 
 AN INITIAL FINE OP 25 CENTS 
 
 T0 
 
 Bnn 
 
 BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY 
 WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE 
 
 
 -^uft'55aw~ 
 
 JUH5JL1955 l(j 
 
 LD 21-loo/-Jii,'.t:j(879Gs 
 
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