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 "^AiiiAiNamv
 
 ^^;^or/ of /A^ Celebration ofSiy^ 
 the Centennial of the Incor- ^'^^-t^^-A 
 poration of the Town ^ V f ^ 
 o/^ Marlborough 
 
 cnT/» 
 
 August 23^ and 25th jgoj 
 
 Compiled and Published by 
 Mary Hall 
 
 Hartford P'fe'ss 
 
 The Case, Lockwood & Brainard Company 
 1904 
 
 1
 
 Copyright. 1904, 
 By Mary Hall. 
 
 ^ i 4 W24
 
 StacH 
 Ann^ 
 
 DEDICATED TO MY FATHER 
 
 duatafauH lEzra l^all 
 
 WHOSE LIFELONG INTEREST IN MARLBOROUGH 
 INSPIRED HIS DAUGHTER TO 
 
 STUDY ITS HISTORY 
 
 32DE#09A 
 
 201325
 
 The compiler of this volume is greatly indebted to all per- 
 sons who have assisted in gathering so much valuable material 
 of historical interest for the Marlborough Centennial, especially 
 to Mr. F. C. Bissell for his faithful study of the town bounda- 
 ries and the preparation of the map showing the evolution of 
 the town from the three towns of Hebron, Colchester, and 
 Glastonbury. Thanks are also due to Miss Frances Ellen 
 Burr for services as stenographer, to Mr. George S. Godard, 
 State Librarian, for helpfulness at the State Library, and to 
 Hon. John Bigelow and Hon. William H. Richmond for finan- 
 cial assistance in publishing this Report. 
 
 The ancient map of Hebron has been inserted to supply 
 what was lacking in the ancient map of Marlborough.
 
 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.- CENTENNIAL DAY.
 
 MARLBOROUGH. CENTENNIAL. 
 
 The first meeting of the citizens of the town of Marlbor- 
 ough was called at the residence of Miss Mary Hall on the 
 evening of August 25, 1902, to discuss the celebration of the 
 centennial of the incorporation of the town in August, 1903. 
 
 Rev. George P. Fuller was chosen chairman and Theron 
 B. Buell secretary. 
 
 It was voted to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of 
 the incorporation of the town in August, 1903. 
 
 It was voted that an executive committee of ten be ap- 
 pointed by the chair. 
 
 The following committee was appointed : 
 
 George W. Buell, David Buell, 
 
 Frank H. Blish, William W. Bolles, 
 
 Roland Buell, Willis W. Hall, 
 
 Charles Carter, John H. Fuller, 
 
 Charles A. Clark, George Lyman. 
 
 It was also voted that Honorable William H. Richmond of 
 Scranton, Pennsylvania, and Honorable John Bigelow of New 
 York city be invited to preside at the historical services, and 
 that Mr. Hart Talcott be invited to act as one of the vice-presi- 
 dents. 
 
 At a meeting called for July 6, 1903, the following hospi- 
 tality committee of five ladies and five gentlemen was chosen: 
 
 George Lyman, Mrs. George Lyman, 
 
 George Buell, Mrs. George Buell, 
 
 Roland Buell, Mrs. Mattie B. Lord, 
 
 John Lord, Mrs. John W. Day, 
 
 Roger B. Lord, Mrs. Roger B. Lord.
 
 8 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 Committee on decorations : 
 
 Robert T. Buell, Mrs. F. H. Blish, 
 
 Leon Buell, Miss Helen Buell, 
 
 John H. Fuller, ]\Iiss Fannie Carter, 
 
 Frank Myers, Miss Hattie Buell, 
 
 Wm. F. Joyner, Miss Effie Buell. 
 
 Committee to collect antiques and arrange an exhibit 
 
 Mrs. Clayton Bolles, [Miss Edna Buell, 
 
 Mrs. Frank H. Blish, Charles E. Carter, 
 
 Cla3'ton Bolles. 
 
 Committee on music : 
 
 ]\Iiss Edna Buell, ]\Irs. Clayton Bolles. 
 
 Committee to confer with selectmen for the purpose of se- 
 curing' funds for expenses in addition to private subscriptions : 
 
 John Lord. George Lyman, 
 
 William \V. Bolles. 
 
 Committee for picnic : 
 
 John Coleman, C. E. Carter, 
 
 Paul Roberts, W. W. Bolles, 
 
 B. Lyman. 
 
 Treasurer, George W. Buell. 
 
 TREASURER'S REPORT. 
 
 Contributed by citizens, ...... $63.50 
 
 Contributed by town, . . . 71-75 
 
 Received for dinner tickets, ..... 67.25 
 
 $202.50 
 Paid caterer, ....... $200.00 
 
 Paid for dinner tickets, ...... 2.50 
 
 $202.50
 
 PROCiKAM. 9 
 
 The following program was decided upon by the town com- 
 mittee : 
 
 Projjram. 
 
 .;t)unDap, Jtuoust 23b. 
 
 Historical sermon 
 By Rev. Joel S. Ives. 
 
 <3CueisDap, 3lu0ust 25tt). 
 
 Hon. John Bigelow of Xew York, 
 Presiding officer. 
 
 11 a. m. Prayer by Rev. Samuel Hart, D.D. 
 
 Historical address, by INIiss Mary Hall, Hartford. 
 
 ^Military history of the town, by ^Ir. John H. Fuller of 
 Marlborough. 
 
 Town boundaries, by Mr. F. Clarence Bissell of .Hart- 
 ford. 
 
 Reminiscences, by ^^Ir. Hart Talcott, Hartford. 
 
 1 p. m. Dinner. 
 
 2 p. m. Hon. Wm. H. Richmond, Scranton, Pennsylvania, 
 
 president. 
 Paper on The Skinners, Lords, and Bigelows, early 
 
 settlers of the town, by Mr. David Skinner Bigelow. 
 Address and greetings from the Comiecticut Historical 
 
 Societ}', by its president. Rev. Samuel Hart, D.D. 
 Introduction of Hon. John Bigelow, by Mr. Richmond. 
 Address by Hon. John Bigelow. 
 Address by Hon. Wm. H. Richmond. 
 
 The celebration of the one htmdredth anniversary of the 
 incorporation of the town of ^larlborough was begiui Sunday 
 morning, August 23d, with services in the Congregational 
 Church. 
 
 The following is a faithful notice of the Sunday proceed- 
 ings as printed by the Hartford Courant August 24th : 
 
 Marlborough, the smallest town in the state, began yesterday cen- 
 tennial exercises, which will continue tomorrow with marked enthusi- 
 asm. One sees evidences of the celebration as soon as Marlborough 
 Mills is reached, going over from Glastonbury, for flags are flying from 
 residences, a large flag floats from a new flagpole in front of the Metho- 
 dist Church, and another from a pole in front of Miss Mary Hall's 
 summer home, opposite that church. 
 
 The exercises yesterday were of a religious character and were held 
 in the Congregational Church, which was handsomely decorated through
 
 10 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 the courtesy of the Cheney Brothers of South Manchester, who not 
 only donated the flags and bunting, but sent over men to do the deco- 
 rating. Over the entrance to the modest church edifice, a characteristic 
 New England country church, was hung a United States flag, and the 
 interior walls were draped with flags and colored bunting, hung between 
 the windows or festooned along the top. Back of the platform hung 
 a large flag, and on either side " 1803," " 1903," and above it, suspended 
 from the ceiling, was a large stufifed eagle, holding in his claws the 
 shield of the United States, flanked by flags. Looking down from the 
 organ on the right of the platform, standing on each front corner, were 
 two large stuffed owls with heads turned in a 'cute way, as though look- 
 ing wise at what was going on. 
 
 In front of the pulpit were crossed flags, and the communion table 
 was decorated with potted flowers and cut flowers in vases. The in- 
 terior of the church presented an attractive, patriotic appearance. The 
 large audience completely filled the edifice and many stood during the 
 services, which began soon after eleven o'clock and lasted for about two 
 hours. Rev. George P. Fuller, the pastor of the church, presided, and 
 was assisted by Rev. R. J. Kyle, pastor of the Congregational churches 
 at Gilead and Hebron, both of which suspended services yesterday in 
 order that their congregations might participate in the Marlborough 
 exercises. 
 
 The singing was by a mixed choir of nine voices, led by ^Irs. W. O. 
 Seyms, the organist. The singers were : sopranos, Mrs. H. A. Spafard, 
 Mrs. C. J. Douglas of Boston, Mrs. F. W. Little, :\Irs. E. H. Tucker, 
 Mrs. R. F. Porter; alto, Mrs. G. F. Mitchell; tenor, J. L. Nott ; bassos, 
 R. F. Porter, W. O. Seyms. They sang the anthems, " Blessed is He," 
 and " Remember Thy Tender Alercies," and Mrs. ]\Iitchell sang '" Nearer 
 Home." The organ prelude was " Processional March in F," by Bar- 
 nard, the offertory was " Resignation," by Ashford, and the postlude 
 was " Ceremonial March," by Maxfield. The Congregational hymns 
 " All Hail the Power of Jesus's Name " and " When I Can Read ^ly 
 Title Clear to Mansions in the Skies " were sung by choir and congrega- 
 tion. The invocation was by Rev. R. J. Kyle of Gilead. Rev. Joel S. 
 Ives of this city read the scripture lesson, prayer was offered by Rev. 
 George P. Fuller, and the responsive reading was led by the pastor,, 
 the selections being Psalms 122-124. The benediction was pronounced. 
 by Rev. J. S. Ives.
 
 REV. JOEL IVES.
 
 HISTORICAL SERMON. 
 
 By Rev. Joel S. Ives. 
 
 A few weeks since, I chanced to speak of this service at 
 Marlborough in my office in Hartford in the presence of Rev. 
 Dr. Chesebrough, who has just celebrated his ninetieth birth- 
 day, and he at once remarked, " That is the place where the 
 minister preached behind the bar in the hotel." We are met 
 under far more encouraging circumstances today. 
 
 You will find my text in the prophecy of Haggai, the first 
 chapter, the 7th and 8th verses : 
 
 " Thus saith the Lord of hosts : Consider your ways ; go up into 
 the mountains, and bring wood, and build the house ; and I will take 
 pleasure in it, and I will be gloritied, saith the Lord." 
 
 There is a peculiar interest in this text from the prophecy 
 of Haggai, where the Lord calls upon the people to go up into 
 the mountain and bring the wood of which they were to build 
 the house, for it is reported that Mr. Mason, the first pastor of 
 this church, was ordained while the people sat upon the tim- 
 bers which they had drawn from the mountain to build the 
 house. This was in May, 1749. Taking the text in its general 
 application, we may rejoice that the people gathered the timbers 
 and built the house, and that we have God's promise for it that 
 He will take pleasure in it and be glorified. 
 
 The Connecticut town and the Connecticut church in their 
 beginnings were coincident. The history of the one is the his- 
 tory of the other. The old towns like Hartford. Wethersfield, 
 and Windsor, and the towns along the Sound, New Haven, 
 Milford, and Stratford, were each begun as a religious enter- 
 prise. In many cases the pastor gathered around him his flocks 
 as a starting point for a settlement. The organization of the 
 Stamford church was made in the old country and I)r(mght in- 
 tact to its present dwelling place.
 
 12 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 In the later history of the towns the same thing is true. 
 For example, in old Stratford, at the close of its first pastorate, 
 a second church was organized because of some difference of 
 opinion, and later moved to the beautiful Pomperaug V^alley, 
 and was the beginning of Woodbury and the towns that have 
 been formed in that neighborhood, Washington, Bethlehem, 
 Roxbury, for example. For a long period of years, therefore, 
 the origin of the town and the origin of the church were practi- 
 cally identical. It is fair to affirm that the foundations of our 
 state are religious foundations. Civil affairs were closely allied 
 to matters of religion. The General Court authorized the Say- 
 brooK convention of 1708-9, out of which grew the Sa}brook 
 platform. Connecticut has exerted an influence upon the na- 
 tion and the world, because of these religious characteristics 
 and because of the character of her people, far beyond what 
 would naturally be expected from her size or numbers. A 
 Frenchman who had heard so much of Connecticut and the 
 place it had taken in the affairs of the world was interested 
 to find it upon the map, and when it was pointed out ex- 
 claimed, " What, that leetle yellow spot! " In size and num- 
 bers we are small, but with reference to the influence exerted 
 by the commonwealth we can take great pride. 
 
 There have been marked changes in the population of the 
 state. For many years we were made up of country towns. 
 As late as 1830 New Haven's population was 10,000 and Hart- 
 ford's 9,000. A man still living told me that he had hunted for 
 partridges on the hill where the capitol now stands. Our 
 fathers sought out their houses upon the hilltops. There was 
 a passion to acquire large territory. The towns, organized in 
 the first place upon the rivers and the shores of the Sound, early 
 sent out pioneers to the neighboring mountain ranges, and 
 from early times also there was a drift from Connecticut into 
 what is now Vermont and New Hampshire, where may be 
 found many towns identical in name with those in Connecticut 
 and jMassachiisetts. We may well rejoice in that Christian 
 civilization that early reached out to help " our brethren in the 
 w^ilderness," — that wilderness being at first in New England, 
 later in New York and Ohio. From generation to generation, 
 in that westward march of empire, in the settlement of the
 
 HISTORICAL SERMON. 1 5 
 
 West, and the carving out of great empires in what we used to 
 study about as the Great American Desert. cHmbing the Rocky 
 ^Mountains, descending the Pacific slopes, leaving evervwhere 
 the impress of a Christian civilization, Connecticut ahvavs had 
 her full share. For the " Winning of the West " and " The 
 Leavening of the Nation,"" Connecticut has given more than 
 $4,500,000 through the treasury of the Home [Missionary So- 
 ciety. Xo less than 100,000 of Xew England ancestry may be 
 found in the magnificent states of Washington and Oregon. 
 It is this Christian civilization which has made the nation what 
 it is, and in this building of the nation we cannot speak too 
 strongly of the foundations upon which the old towns were 
 built, of these Christian influences which have given the foun- 
 dation of Christian character, of these Christian homes where 
 boys and girls were trained in what we sometimes used to 
 think a rigid discipline, • — • studying a catechism rather than 
 riding a bicycle. But yst no one can doubt that out of these 
 country towns and Christian homes have come the men and 
 women who are the very brain and brawn of our land. The 
 contribution from the rural communities to the life of the 
 nation is a large contribution. The cities owe a debt to the 
 country which they will find it hard to meet. Had it not been 
 for these Christian homes, and " the sanctuary in the midst 
 thereof," we should not have had the nation which is our joy 
 today. This marvelous development, and this rapid growth, 
 which thus far have been able to endure and solve the increas- 
 ing problems, are because of the foundations laid in the past, 
 and because the sanctuary has been ever in the midst of the 
 community life. There is not a community in the state without 
 its church , spire pointing toward heaven. Xo society was al- 
 lowed to be organized until it had proven to the General Court 
 its ability and its willingness to build a meeting house and 
 support the regular ministrations of the gospel. Davenport, 
 Hooker, Beecher, Bushnell, Taylor. Tyler, and a thousand 
 more are only the samples of honored names Connecticut con- 
 tributes to the continuation of the nth of Hebrews. We may 
 be proud of our Connecticut ancestry. 
 
 \\> are here met to celebrate the centenary of the incorpora- 
 tion of the town, but the ecclesiastical history of the community 
 is older far.
 
 14 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 The original petition to the Honorable General Assembly 
 for permission to hire an orthodox minister to preach the word 
 of God in what is now Marlborough was signed by the inhabit- 
 ants of the towns of Colchester, Hebron, and Glastonbury, 
 whose names were as follows : 
 
 Epaphrus Lord, Benjamin Kneeland, Jr., 
 
 Ichabod Lord, Dorothy Waters, 
 
 Benjamin Kneeland, John Kneeland, 
 
 Samuel Loveland, Joseph Kneeland, 
 
 William Buell, John Waddams, 
 
 Joseph Whight, Abraham Skinner, 
 
 Ebenezer JNIudge, David Dickinson. 
 
 This petition was dated May 15, 1736, and addressed to the 
 Honorable General Assembly, then sitting at Hartford, and 
 reads in substance as follows : 
 
 We would humbly show to your honors our difficult circumstances, 
 that some live seven, some eight miles distant from public worship, and 
 several of us have weakly wives who are not able to go to the public 
 worship of God, and would humbly show to your Honors that there 
 are above sixty children in our neighborhood which are so small that 
 they are not able to go to any place of public worship ; and now we 
 would humbly show to your Honors that we have the liberty of those 
 parishes whereunto we belong to assemble together, and, as often as we 
 can, to hire an orthodox minister to preach the word of God amongst 
 us. We, your humble servants, humbly pray your Honors would please 
 to grant the liberty hereof, that we may not be counted transgressors 
 of the laws, and as we would, being always bound in duty, humbly pray. 
 
 This petition was granted without release from parish taxes 
 May, 1736. April 30, 1737, thirty-two signers inform the 
 Honorable General Assembl}- that they have hired a minister 
 most of the year, and pray to be released from parish taxes ; 
 this was negatived May, 1737. October 2, 1740, eleven per- 
 sons in Hebron, three in Colchester, seven in Westchester, and 
 nine in Eastbury petition again ; they state that they desire their 
 children to be trained in the fear of God and a knowledge of the 
 Gospel. They also state that their limits einbrace 172 persons, 
 and their list £1,661. As they are not at present able to bear 
 parish charges, they ask liberty to hire six months annually 
 and a release from parish taxes. Notice was given said so- 
 cieties to appear, and the petition was negatived in October,
 
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 OF ECCLESIASTICAL SOCIETY.
 
 HISTORICAL SERMON. I5 
 
 1740. Hebron was petitioned by eleven taxpayers to be re- 
 leased from parish taxes September 22, 1740; the town voted 
 to release them. 
 
 September 24, 1745, thirty-four signers live six, seven, and 
 ten miles distant from places of worship, and they again peti- 
 tion their desire for parish privileges, and ask that a committee 
 be appointed to view and report. The committee reported lines 
 for a society. Negatived /\pril, 1746. 
 
 The list of the petitioners from the several towns was as 
 follows : 
 
 Hebron, . . . £997:18 11 petitioners. 
 
 Colchester, . . £481 :I3 9 
 
 Westchester, . . £383:18 5 " 
 
 Eastbury, . . . . £488:17 10 " 
 
 £2,352 : 6 35 petitioners. 
 
 In this same month of April, 1746, after their petition was 
 negatived by the General Assembly, forty-three petitioners ap- 
 point William Btiell their agent to present their case to the 
 next session of the General Assembly. They represent that they 
 have had winter privileges ten years, that Hebron and Col- 
 chester do not oppose, Westchester is four or five miles distant 
 and a river intervenes, the meeting hotise in Eastbury six and 
 one-half miles distant and near the northwest part of the 
 society — mountains and rivers indicate a separate society. 
 The people are united. Negatived May 10, 1746. 
 
 Eastbury 's opposition to the separation seems to have been 
 that it would greatly reduce and enfeeble their society, they 
 having been subjected to great expenses by the death and settle- 
 ment of ministers. Joseph Pitkin, the committee that located 
 Eastbury meeting house, testifies that the land in the middle of 
 the society is poor, and they could not accommodate the south- 
 east inhabitants without going too far south for the general 
 good. Westchester, May 25, 1746, through its committee, 
 Wells and West, who located Westchester house sixteen years 
 before, testify that the southernmost of the three places was 
 selected as most of the people lived that way. and they sup- 
 posed those living north might be set to a new society.
 
 l6 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 The following reasons for a remonstrance to be presented 
 to the General Assembly by a committee from the Westchester 
 church may be of interest : 
 
 They, the Westchester people, are liut three or four miles 
 from the meeting house as located by the Assembly committee. 
 
 They settled two ministers in sixteen years. 
 
 They are much weakened by taking ofif the south part of 
 their society (Millington). 
 
 Few farms are unimproved. 
 
 It will kill two societies to make one ; Eastbury has al- 
 ready had a brief, that is a special tax for the support of the 
 society. 
 
 April 9, 1747, fifty-three signers renew their petition for a 
 society in accordance with a committee's report. Eastbury op- 
 poses through its agent. Hubbard, and in other ways, but not- 
 withstanding all opposition the society was incorporated and 
 named Marlborough, May 11, 1747, but those taken from 
 Eastbury shall pay rates to that society for four years ; this 
 is eleven years after the first petition to the General Assembly 
 for permission to hire a minister six months. The location of 
 the meeting house was established May 8, 1748. 
 
 October 4, 1748, at a meeting legally warned, it w^as voted 
 to apply to " your Honors for a tax of one shilling on the acre 
 for the term of four years on all land that is not salable by 
 law that is in the society of Marlborough aforesaid, of which 
 land there is a considerable tract in said society owned and 
 held by nonresident proprietors living in the province of the 
 Massachusetts Bay, the value of which land, notwithstanding 
 the great burden which we have aforesaid, increased since we 
 were made a society to double the value." 
 
 In May, 1749, six persons taken from Eastbury can no 
 longer bear the burden of paying taxes in both places, which 
 last year were 7s. 6d. on the £, beside the settlement of their 
 minister. They ask release from the General Assembly, but 
 the Assembly negatived the petition. In May, 1750, eight 
 signers renew the petition, which was negatived. But the pe- 
 titioners did not lose courage. The society voted unanimously 
 to set a meeting house on the top of the hill on the east side of 
 the highway, twenty-eight rods north of Ezra Strong's, and to
 
 HISTORICAL SERMON. 1/ 
 
 appoint a committee. A petition was also made to the General 
 Court for a confirmation of this vote for location. The clerk 
 of the committee informed the General Court that they have 
 laid two rates of 4s. and 2s., appointed a building committee, 
 set up a frame, 48 x 36 ft., and covered it, jNIay 14, 1750. 
 
 These committees seemed to have worked faithfully and 
 harmoniously, hiring preachers for six months and gaining 
 independence from the various societies that they had hereto- 
 fore belonged to, but they did not complete a church organiza- 
 tion until the council met to ordain Mr. Mason in May, 1749. 
 A church was then gathered, composed of such members as 
 were in good and regular standing in those societies to which 
 they belonged previous to the organization of this church ; 
 they drew up a confession of faith and a covenant, which were 
 adopted by the church, and after such organization they for- 
 mally voted to request Mr. Mason to take the pastoral charge 
 of them, which he accepted. Tradition says that Mr. Mason 
 was ordained on the timbers drawn to erect the meeting house 
 by the committee appointed in May, 1749. The committee ap- 
 pointed to secure timbers having done its duty, another com- 
 mittee was appointed to employ workmen to raise and cover 
 the meeting house in 1749, the expense of doing this work 
 being covered by a tax of four shillings on the pound. This 
 committee having done its work, the church was glazed, which 
 seems to have reduced their resources to such an extent as to 
 compel them to call a halt in the expenditure of money for the 
 -church until April. 1754, wdien it was voted to make a pulpit 
 " in our meeting house," and to make seats and pews, and to 
 " seal " said house up to the windows, and also to make two 
 pairs of stairs. It was also voted during the same year to 
 make one tier of pews on the back side and on both ends of our 
 meeting house, and two tiers of pews on the fore side of said 
 house, and the remainder of the lower side of said house to be 
 filled with seats. 
 
 In 1755 it was voted that the committee provide joice and 
 boards at the society's cost for the gallery floor. December 10, 
 1756. voted that Sergeant Asa Foote procure lock and suitable 
 fastenings for the meeting house at the society's cost. Tn 
 1 761 certain charges were brought against Rev. Mason, which 
 2
 
 l8 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 were supposed to have been proved, and he was dismissed after 
 a pastorate of twelve years ; but by a subsequent council he was 
 restored to the ministry, and settled at Chester, Conn., where 
 he died. 
 
 After being supplied for a time by pastors from neighboring 
 churches Rev. Benjamin Dunning was settled, his ordination 
 taking place in May, 1762. During this year more w'ork was 
 done on the galleries, and they were finished in 1770. In May, 
 1773, Mr. Dunning was dismissed, having served the church 
 eleven years. Mr. Dunning later settled in Saybrook, and died 
 there. In October, 1773, Rev. Huntington preached as a can- 
 didate, and accepted a call extended to him, but later declined. 
 The society renew'ed their call in 1776, and he was ordained the 
 following May. Mr. Huntington having been ordained, the 
 people continued their efiforts to improve the meeting house. 
 
 They vote in 1777 to erect pews in the body part of the 
 meeting house, and in 1782 they vote to shingle the front side 
 of the roof. In 1787 they vote to procure pine clapboards to 
 cover the front and two ends of the meeting house, and the fol- 
 lowing year the north side was covered with pine. In 1789 the 
 inside of the house and the outside doors were painted. In 
 1792 they vote to plaster the church if it could be done for 
 £30, and two }cars later they shingle the north side of the meet- 
 ing house. Mr. Huntington was dismissed from the pastorate 
 after twenty-one years of service : he w^as afterward a minister 
 in Middletown and North Lyme, dying in the latter place. The 
 next step in the completion of the meeting house was painting 
 it on the outside, and at the same time replacing the chestnut 
 shingles with pine shingles and painting the roof. 
 
 The finishing of the meeting house took place in 1803, 
 W'hen it was voted to pay Eleazer Strong $30 to underpin and 
 lay the steps ; thus the house begun in 1749 was not completed 
 until 1803, being fifty-four years in building, and finished by 
 laying its foundation stones last. The town was incorporated 
 1803, and we are therefore celebrating the century of the com- 
 pletion of the meeting house, and the incoqioration of the 
 town. 
 
 After the dismissal of Mr. Huntington the church was 
 Without a pastor for several years. Calls were given to Rev.
 
 HISTORICAL' SERMON. I9 
 
 Sylvesta Dana in 1798. Rev. Mncent Gould in 1799, Rev. 
 Ephraim Woodruff and Rev. Thomas Lewis in 1801. Some 
 twenty different names are recorded as preachers in the seven 
 years that followed Air. Huntington's dismissal. The settle- 
 ment of David B. Ripley in 1804 followed closely the comple- 
 tion of the meeting house and the incorporation of the town. 
 Mr. Ripley was ordained September 19, 1804, and continued 
 pastor of the church until ]\Iarch, 1827. During the last two 
 years of ^Iv. Ripley's pastorate a fund oi $3,000 was raised by 
 voluntary contributions, which was increased by a legacy of 
 $1,000 from Mrs. Patience Lord Hosmer, and other smaller 
 legacies, to upward of $4,000. 
 
 After the dismission of Mr. Ripley, the pulpit was supplied 
 by John Hempstead, James Noyes, and Joseph P. Tyler, till 
 September 29, 1828, when Dr. Chauncey Lee was called from 
 Colebrook, Conn., to the pastorate of the church ; he accepted 
 the call and was installed November 18, 1828. The member- 
 ship at this time was seventy-six : twenty-one males and fifty- 
 five females. Forty-six were added to the church in 1829- 
 1830. Dr. Lee remained pastor for nine years. After the 
 dismission of Dr. Lee the pulpit was supplied by Rev. William 
 F. Vail, Rev. Benjamin Ela, Rev. William Case, Rev. John F. 
 Xorton, and Rev. Robert D. Gardner. Rev. Hiram Bell was 
 ordained February 29, 1840, and remained its pastor until 1850. 
 During the pastorate of Mr. Bell this present house was built. 
 I quote from his own story of the building of the new church : 
 
 The old house having become cold, uncomfortable, and unpleasant 
 as a place of worship, there was an increasing desire for several years 
 in the minds of a great part of the society to erect a new house. But 
 no sufficient action was made with reference to it until January, 1841, 
 when Captain ]\Ioseley Talcott drew up a subscription paper, and by 
 great and praiseworthy perseverance, assisted by some others, amid 
 many discouragements, succeeded in obtaining subscriptions sufficient to 
 warrant the undertaking. 
 
 At a special meeting of the society, JNIarch 11, 1841, Moseley Talcott, 
 Augustus Blish, George Lord, Edward B. Watkinson, Horatio Bolles, 
 and William Finley were appointed a committee to receive proposals for 
 building a meeting house, to view meeting houses recently built, and 
 obtain plans and cost of the same, all to be submitted to the society at 
 a subsequent meeting. At a subsequent meeting of the society, ]\Iarch 
 24, 1841, it was voted to accept the subscription in favor of building a
 
 20 maklborouCh centennial. 
 
 new meeting house, and Moseley Talcott, Horatio Bolles. Alvan 
 Northam, Edward B. Watkinson, William Finley, William Phelps, and 
 Augustus Blish were appointed the building committee. At an ad- 
 journed meeting April 7th, the building committee were authorized to 
 dispose of the old house and contract for the building of the new one. 
 At a meeting May 31st the building committee were directed to build 
 a basement room under the new house. 
 
 According to the above authority and directions the committee 
 contracted with Messrs. A. & S. Brainard to build the walls of the base- 
 ment room of stone, and with Augustus Truesdale to erect and finish 
 a house upon it for $2,600. The stones were drawn from the north 
 part of the town near Seth Dickinson's by individuals without any ex- 
 pense to the society. The basement room, about thirty-five feet square, 
 was commenced about the ist of August and completed so that the 
 house was raised the 7th of September, being thirty-eight feet by fifty- 
 six feet and twenty-foot posts. Mr. Truesdale finished his contract in 
 January, 1842, just about one year from the time the subscription paper 
 was first started. 
 
 June 13th, the last sermon was preached in the old house. The pews 
 had been taken out of the lower part of the house on the Friday pre- 
 vious, and the audience for the most part sat in the gallery. On the 
 next day the house was razed to its foundations and the ground cleared 
 away for its successor, which stands about the length of it farther back 
 than the old one. The text of the last sermon was from i Cor., 7:31: 
 " The fashion of this world passeth away." 
 
 Public worship was held in the schoolhouse during the summer, but 
 in the fall the committee fitted up the basement room so that the con- 
 gregation convened there from the first Sabbath in December till the 
 house was dedicated. The house was carpeted and the pulpit cushioned 
 and the communion table, sofa, chairs, and lamps procured by the 
 Ladies' Sewing Society at an expense of $120. When the house was 
 nearly completed there was a general wish expressed by the members of 
 the society to procure a bell. With this end in view. General Enos H. 
 Buell volunteered his services, drew up a paper, and, after commendable 
 and indefatigable exertion, he obtained subscriptions sufficient to enable 
 the society to make arrangements for procuring one. The house was 
 dedicated March 16, 1842. The sermon was preached by the Rev. Dr. 
 Tyler of East Windsor Institute. ^lusic was under the direction of 
 Mr. Madison Woodward of Columbia. The day was pleasant and a 
 large number of people were present. 
 
 Mr. Bell adds that there were two instances worthy of 
 notice in the audience that day — Captain Theodore Lord and 
 Colonel Elisha Btiell were present with their descendants to 
 the fourth generation. 
 
 The earlier deacons were William Buell, Joseph Kellogg,
 
 HISTORICAL SERMON. 21 
 
 Joel Owen, David Skinner. Thomas Loveland, Cornelius 
 Shepard, David Skinner. Jr.. Thomas Carrier, Jonathan 
 Northam. Eben Strong. 
 
 Rev. Warren Fiske was installed December 17, 1850; dis- 
 missed Jantiary 12, 1859. Rev. Alpheus J. Pike was installed 
 ^larch 8, 1859; dismissed February 2~, 1867. 
 
 After the dismissal of Mr. Pike, Rev. S. W. G. Rankin sup- 
 plied the pulpit most of the time for four years, when Rev. 
 Oscar Bissell was installed, March 29, 1871. Air. Bissell re- 
 mained five years, being dismissed October 10, 1876. He is 
 now living in Alassachusetts, and a son is following in his 
 father's footsteps. Rev. Charles ^^^ Hanna supplied for a 
 year, and was installed August 2, 1877. He was dismissed 
 May 7, 1879, ^"<i after pastorates at South Canaan and Falls 
 Village is now pastor at East Canaan. Rev. Jasper P. Har- 
 vey supplied for one year, and was installed the following 
 year, Alay 19, 1880, being the last pastor installed. He was 
 dismissed July 25, 1882. and is now pastor at Columbia. Since 
 the dismissal of Mr. Harvey the church was supplied by stu- 
 dents from the Hartford Theological Seminary, and by the fol- 
 lowing: Rev. Henry Holmes, Rev. James Bell, Rev. Charles 
 D. Ross, Rev. H. W. \'ail, and Rev. Eben H. Jenkyns. Mr. 
 Jenkyns is now settled in Sebago, Ale. Rev. George P. Fuller, 
 the present pastor, began his pastoral duties Alay i, 1902. 
 
 We have seen the value of these Christian institutions, these 
 Christian foundations in the history of these towns of this 
 honored commonwealth. And that which should rest upon our 
 hearts is the fact that what was so valued in the past is of no 
 less value today, and is our hope for the time to come. If any 
 danger more than any other faces us it is that we will trust in 
 our wealth, our numbers, our extent of territory, our prowess 
 as a world power, and forget that the thing which gives the 
 promise of perpetuity for the commonwealth is that integrity 
 of character and that allegiance to Christian truth which has 
 been proclaimed from generation to generation in those old 
 towns. And therefore, as we are here gathered, the represen- 
 tatives of this neighborhood of churches, we are to remember, 
 v.e are to tell it to ourselves again and again, we are to im- 
 press it upon our children, that there is no service too great
 
 22 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 and no sacrifice too costly for us to make in order that the 
 sanctuary may be maintained in the midst of our communities. 
 We have celebrated today the patience and persistence of these 
 people of Marlborough, the sacrifices they endured which 
 makes it possible that we may gather in this sanctuary today, 
 and let me impress it upon your thought, let me make it as 
 emphatic as possible, that here is a sacred heritage — that you 
 of today hold these things in trust and that as stewards you 
 must render an account. And let me repeat, and again repeat, 
 that there is no service too great and no sacrifice too costly that 
 this church may be maintained, and that religious institutions 
 may ever exert their ennobling influence in this community. 
 
 We will do well to remember those who have gone out from 
 this community into the life and work of the world. You may 
 find your representatives in every state in the Union, and in 
 every enterprise of the world's achievements. The appeal 
 rests upon every well-wisher of Marlborough that everything 
 that can be done should be done to maintain the prosperity of 
 this institution. So that, as the people of the past have gone 
 up into the mountain to gather wood for this building and 
 stones for its foundations, Jehovah may take pleasure in it, and 
 be glorified in all the succeeding years. 
 
 Permit me to call the attention of all well-wishers of this 
 good old town, not forgetting those who have gone out beyond 
 its borders, that if they would serve their generation and do 
 honor to the noble ancestors of the past, they can find no better 
 way to accomplish this than in seeing to it that on their part 
 they contribute of their service and love and money to the up- 
 building of this church of Jesus Christ. May each one see to 
 it that he pays this debt as God shall bid him. 
 
 In closing let me emphasize one thought that ought to ring 
 around the world, in the face of all the scoffing of all these 
 days of worldliness and indifference and achievement of our 
 time, that God has placed His church in the world to redeem 
 it, that God is pleased to save the world through the church, 
 that there is no factor in all the world's inventions and accom- 
 plishments of greater import for the world's good than the 
 Christian church. And God. who has given His own dear Son 
 in order that through the cross of Calvary there may be an
 
 HISTORICAL SERMON. 23 
 
 abundant redemption, while carrying forward His plans with 
 infinite patience, will complete them to their final consumma- 
 tion. As God in olden time selected Abraham and his seed to 
 save the world, so today and through the days to come, God 
 has put His church in the world to save the world. The fiat 
 has gone forth and none can stay it. It is not because of our 
 wealth, nor of our achievements, nor of our possessions stretch- 
 ing around the globe, nor of our manufactures and inventions, 
 but it is because of the humble, faithful, consistent followers 
 of the meek and lowly Jesus, who day by day^ fulfill their 
 tasks and wait in humble faith, that the army of the Lord's 
 hosts shall march under the banner of the blood-red cross to 
 completest victory. And to His Name be all praise. Amen.
 
 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION, 
 
 TUESDAY, AUGUST 2STH, AT THE 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 
 
 The centennial of the incorporation of the town was a suc- 
 cess, notwithstanding the heavy rain of the night preceding 
 the day and of. the day itself. 
 
 Reporters of the Hartford Courant and Times were on hand 
 and helped us celebrate, as the following extracts show : 
 
 The Hartford Times: 
 
 Marlborough, August 25th. 
 
 In the days of classic antiquity certain places had their presiding 
 divinities, or spirits. jNIarlborough's presiding spirit has sounded the 
 bugle note of the hundred-j'ear cycle, and it is now echoing from the 
 hilltops all about here. This slumbrous old town has shaken itself and 
 it is now wide awake, and has blossomed out in patriotic colors. Flags 
 are flying to the breeze, and there is a general air of i^ejuvenescence. 
 Miss Hall's big and hospitable mansion is thrown open to as many 
 guests as it will hold, and it will hold a goodly sized number, as it did 
 150 years ago. And this centennial has brought it back to the hotel 
 mark again. 
 
 While attending yesterday the opening services in the old church 
 (now beautifully decorated by some of the Cheneys of South Man- 
 chester) the shades of a vanished past seemed to troop by. It is an 
 ever moving throng — now coming on to the stage of action, now van- 
 ishing into the past, or into the unknown future. The future merges 
 into the present, the present becomes the past, and past and future are 
 the two great seas of eternity, between which we play our little parts. 
 The Pilgrims builded better than they knew. The poor old Mayflower 
 and its precious freight were saved for a wise purpose. These little 
 New England towns laid the foundations of a republic that is to take 
 a hand — the leading hand — in the history of the world's great future. 
 
 The Hartford Courant, August 26, 1903, said: 
 
 Residents of the town of jMarlborough and those from otlier places 
 associated with them, did themselves proud and reflected much credit 
 on the old town in the e.xercises commemorating the one hundredth 
 anniversary of the incorporation of the town, yesterday, which were 
 held in the Congregational Church. The weather was very unfavorable, 
 for it rained steadily all the morning until nearly the hour for the
 
 DISPLAY OF ANTIQUES. 25 
 
 services, eleven o'clock, and about a half hour before they ended, a 
 smart thunder shower blew in. It was beautiful weather during the 
 exercises in the church. 
 
 The procession, which was to have been formed at the Methodist 
 Church at 10.30 o'clock, headed by the Good Will Club's fife and drum 
 band, had to be omitted owing to the heavy rain, but the East Hamp- 
 ton Fife and Drum Corps, in their brilliant green uniforms, marched 
 up the town and met the Good Will Club and the East Glastonbury 
 Brass Bands as they came down the road, and during the speaking the 
 Good Will boys played outside the church, while the East Glastonbury 
 band played inside. The church was crowded and many of the people 
 who could not get in held a love feast in the vestibule, judging by the 
 noise during the afternoon proceedings. 
 
 Marlborough Center presented somewhat the appearance of a fair 
 daj- yesterday. There were several refreshment tents erected by huck- 
 sters, and the fences for some distance north of the church were lined 
 with teams hitched there while their owners were listening to the liter- 
 ar}^ exercises. The celebration was a great success, and much credit 
 is due the several committees, which worked hard to make the occasion 
 a success. 
 
 DISPLAY OF ANTIQUES. 
 
 An interesting display of antiqites was shown at the 
 Sophia Bnell house, next north of the church, in charge of 
 Clayton S. Bolles and Mrs. Bolles, members of the committee 
 on antiquities. There was the old Bible first used in the origi- 
 nal Congregational Church, a toddy stick made by a former 
 minister, spinning wheels, a quilt made in 1817, old powder 
 horns and Revolutionary muskets, old clocks and documents, 
 and a large number of articles formerly the property of Cap- 
 tain Aloseley Talcott, the father of Hart Talcott of Hartford, 
 shown by the latter. 
 
 Several ladies of the town, members of the committee, 
 dressed in the dresses worn by their grandmothers a century 
 ■or so ago, arranged their hair in the style of the early part of 
 the last century. They looked very quaint and interesting, 
 particularly when imitating the simpering ways of the misses 
 of the period they represented. They also imitated the grace- 
 ful courtesy and manners and the courtly bow of the former 
 generations. 
 
 Exercises began at the church at 11 o'clock, Hon. John 
 Bigelow of New York presiding, prayer being offered by Rev, 
 Samuel Hart, D.D.
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 
 
 By Miss Mary Hall. 
 
 Mr. President, Neighbors, and Friends: — I have found a 
 reference in two old manuscripts to a petition from the Eccle- 
 siastical Society of Marlborough for incorporation as a town 
 as early as 1783, but I have been unable to find the petition on 
 file at the state library at Hartford. 
 
 The records of the town give a complete sketch of proceed- 
 ings at the time of incorporation, and at the risk of being 
 tedious I shall quote in full from the petition and resolution : 
 
 At a General Assembly of the State of Connecticut, holden at New 
 Haven on the second Thursday of October, 1803. Upon the petition of 
 Joel Foote, agent of the First Ecclesiastical Society in Marlborough,, 
 and the rest of the inhabitants of said society, showing to this assembly 
 that they are in three towns and three counties, and at a very great 
 distance from the centers of those towns and counties to which they re- 
 spectively belong and where public business is done in said towns and 
 counties, and that many and great inconveniences arise to them from 
 their present local situation, and that it would be greatly beneficial to 
 them in a variety of respects to be incorporated into a town, with all 
 the rights of such corporation in this state and with liberty of one 
 representative to the General Assembly, as per petition on file dated 
 the 27th day of April, 1803. 
 
 The following is the resolution of the General Assembly 
 incorporating the town : 
 
 Resolved by tliis assembly, That said society and all the inhabitants 
 living within the present limits of said society be, and the same is 
 hereby, incorporated into a distinct town, and shall be called and known 
 by the name of Marlborough, and the inhabitants thereof shall enjoy 
 all the powers, privileges, immunities, and franchises which the in- 
 habitants of other towns in this state enjoy, with the right of sending 
 one representative to the General Assembly in this state ; and said town 
 of Marlborough shall pay its proportion of all charges, expenses, and 
 debts already accrued by and now due from said towns of Glastonbury, 
 Hebron, and Colchester, and take all its proportion of the present poor
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 2/ 
 
 of said towns, and shall receive its proportion of all the property and 
 stock of said towns, the proportion in all of the cases aforesaid to be 
 determined according to the list of the said towns of Glastonbury, 
 Hebron, Colchester, and ^Marlborough for the year 1802, and Messrs. 
 Isaac Spencer, 2d, Jonathan O. i\foseley, and Epaphroditus Champion, 
 all of East Haddam, in the county of Middlesex, esquires, be, and they 
 are hereby, appointed a committee to ascertain the proportion in all the 
 cases aforesaid; and in case of disagreement between the selectmen of 
 the several towns aforesaid and said towni of ^Marlborough, in any of 
 the particular^ aforesaid, then, and in such case, the selectmen of either 
 town aforesaid may after the 20th day of ^Nlarch next call out said com- 
 mittee to meet at the house of Elisha Buel in said Marlborough for the 
 purpose of ascertaining in manner as aforesaid such proportion — such 
 selectmen giving at least four days' notice in writing under their hands 
 to one of the selectmen of each of the other towns of the time and 
 place of the meeting of said committee; and the selectmen of said Col- 
 chester, Hebron, Glastonbury, and Marlborough shall meet on or be- 
 fore the said 20th day of March at the dwelling house of said Buel in 
 said Alarlborough, and separate the lists properly belonging to said 
 towns respectively for the j-ear 1803, and certify in writing under their 
 hands to the treasurer of this state the amount of the lists of each of 
 said towns, and shall also make out and certify under their hands to the 
 respective town clerks of said towns the list of each person, with his 
 name annexed thereto, whose list would have belonged to said towns 
 respectively had said Marlborough been a distinct town on the 20th 
 day of August, 1803. And the treasurer of this state, on receiving the 
 certificate by them to be transmitted to him, shall issue his warrant for 
 rates on the list of 1803 to said towns accordingly ; and the town and 
 freeman's meeting shall be holden at such place in said town of Marl- 
 borough as the inhabitants thereof shall direct, and the first town meet- 
 ing in said town of ^larlborough shall be holden on the second Monday 
 of December next at the meeting house in said ^larlborough, and Elijah 
 Kellogg, esq., of said town of ]\Iarlborough, shall be the moderator of 
 said first town meeting; and said town shall have and enjoy at said first 
 meeting and at all other meetings the same powers and authority and 
 proceed in the same manner in transacting business as other towns in 
 the state have and enjoy and proceed at their annual meetings in the 
 months of November and December, and the officers chosen at said first 
 meeting shall hold their respective offices until the next annual meeting; 
 and said Elijah Kellogg shall warn said first meeting by setting up a 
 notification thereof on the public sign post in said Marlborough at least 
 eight days before the day of meeting; and be it further resolved, that 
 the said town of Marlborough be, and the same is hereby, annexed to 
 the county of Hartford and to the probate district of East Haddam, 
 and are authorized to chuse four jurymen. 
 
 A true copy of record. Examined by Samuel Wvllvs, Secretary. 
 
 Recorded bv David Kilborn, Register.
 
 28 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 " At a Town Meeting legally Warned & Holden in Marl- 
 borough December 12th, 1803, as per Resolution of General 
 Assembly," considerable business was transacted beside the 
 election of officers. Among the votes were the following : 
 
 Voted, That David Kilborn's barn and yard be a Pound for 
 the ensuing year and that David Kilborn be Kee Ceeper. 
 
 Voted, That the Select Men District the Town for Mending 
 Highways and report at the next Annual Meeting. 
 
 Voted to raise one cent on a dollar on list of 1803 to Defray 
 the town expenses, also one cent and five mills on a dollar on 
 same list to mend Highways. 
 
 Voted to allow one dollar for a man per day in May and 
 June and fifty cents in the fall, and that two good yoke of oxen, 
 cart or plow, be the same as a man. 
 
 Voted, That it shall be legal warning of Town Meeting to 
 set up Notification thereof on the Sign Post by the Meeting 
 House and near Epaphras Lord's House, and at the corner of 
 the Road near David Finley's House. 
 
 A perusal of the records of the town for fifty years follow- 
 ing its incorporation shows that great caution and economy con- 
 trolled the town's management of affairs. 
 
 At the first town meeting it was voted that the Head Con- 
 stable procure good and sufficient Bonds for the collection of 
 the State Tax, and that the Constable collect the Town Tax free 
 from expense to said Town. 
 
 Large liberties were voted Select Men in mending high- 
 ways, and in changing the same for the convenience of those 
 living in different sections of the town. 
 
 The town Pound was a movable institution, its location be- 
 ing voted on from year to year. 
 
 The price of labor varied but little for some years, but was 
 regularly voted on at Town Meetings — there seemed to be a 
 close connection between this price of labor and the mending 
 of the highways, the amount to be charged per day or per 
 hour for that purpose, being fixed beyond question. 
 
 One vote of the town fixed " the highway rate bills for labor 
 the ensuing year per day of ten hours in the spring and summer 
 for each man, sixty-six cents ; for each team equal to two yoke
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 29 
 
 of middling oxen with a cart or plow, sixty-six cents ; at afl 
 other seasons of the year (34) Thirty-four cents." 
 
 Later the town was redistricted, and at times as many as 
 fourteen districts were made of its highways ; these districts 
 were let to individuals, the bounds of which were carefully 
 fixed by a committee appointed for that purpose — this was in 
 1824 — and from this date onward great changes were made 
 in the highways ; many of those discontinued would make a 
 most interesting chapter in the town's history. 
 
 ^vlarlborough was lifted from its isolated condition by the 
 building of the Hartford and New London turnpike in 1800,. 
 the incorporation of the Hebron and ^Middle Haddam turnpike 
 company in 1802, and of the Chatham and Marlborough com- 
 pany in 1809. The completion of these roads was of great 
 advantage to the town. The barns of the Marlborough inn or 
 tavern, then kept by Elisha Buell, furnished a place for change 
 of horses and refreshment for travelers. Guests of national 
 reputation were frequently entertained here. Among those 
 known to have been entertained were Presidents James Monroe 
 and Andrew Jackson. It is said that Washington passed 
 through the town once, and was entertained at the Hebron inn, 
 on his way to Lebanon. Turnpike gates were then established, 
 where tolls were collected to keep the turnpike roads in repair. 
 
 The vear 1803 and the years following were eventful years 
 — the completion of the church, which w^as fifty-four years in 
 process of erection, was accomplished that year. The turn- I 
 pikes opened up travel through the town, and the incorporation | 
 of the town, after twenty years of struggle with the General J 
 Assemblv, were the rewards which came to our most re- T 
 markable ancestors, who command my admiration and make v. 
 me long to honor the men and women of a hundred years ago, \ 
 by lifting this old town out of its lethargy and deserted condi- I 
 tions into a life which shall be a monument to the quiet sleepers ' 
 in yonder neglected churchyard. 
 
 The Marlborough Manufacturing Compan\- was incorpo- 
 rated in 181 5, the north factory being built first, with some 
 other smaller buildings, but later the company failed and these 
 buildings were sold to the Union Manufacturing Company.
 
 30 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 The Union Manufacturing Company began operating this mill, 
 and later built the lower mill and several dwellings. 
 
 Hartford men were the owners of the property, the value of 
 which I find entered on the town records by the Rev. David B. 
 Ripley, then clerk, as early as 1818, as follows : 
 
 " I hereby certify that the capital stock of the Marlborough 
 Manufacturing Company is forty-two thousand dollars." 
 
 This property was greatly increased in value as the years 
 went on, and the homes of the operatives furnished a market for 
 much of the produce of the farms of the town. 
 
 The fabric manufactured was a blue cotton stripe, the 
 market for which was found in the south among the cotton 
 planters, for the clothing of the slaves. 
 
 During the Civil War there was no demand for the cloth, 
 and no cotton, and the mills stood idle. The old mill was 
 destroyed by fire in 1861, and the new one in 1864, together 
 with man}- of the dwellings which had been occupied by the 
 operatives of the mill. The mills when burned were owned by 
 the late Isaac Allen. 
 
 Since then a new mill and some dwellings have been built, 
 and silk ribbon was manufactured for a short time, but now 
 the mill is silent and the dwellings vacant. 
 
 The first mills in the town were grist and saw mills ; of 
 the former, that of Robert Loveland seems to have been the 
 first. It was in the northeastern part of the town, on the 
 Black Ledge River. Later Joseph Ingraham and Edward Root 
 had mills also. 
 
 The first sawmill was built by Eleazer Kneeland in the 
 southeastern part of the town about the time of the incorpora- 
 tion of the Ecclesiastical Society, or a little later, perhaps as 
 late as 1751. Other needed mills were built from time to time, 
 when in 1840 there were in the town one woolen factory, one 
 carding machine, two fulling mills, four sawmills, one gunnery, 
 and two large cotton mills. When Joel Foote'.? fulling mill 
 was in operation in the town, Jonathan Kilborn invented a 
 machine for pressing cloth in Foote's mill. The principal 
 part of this machine was a large screw. This screw, some 
 years ago, was given to the Historical Society of Hartford. 
 Mr. Kilbbrn invented other mechanical appliances, and so re-
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 3 1 
 
 markable were some of them considered that the following 
 entry on his tombstone in Colchester may be read today: 
 
 He was a man of invention great 
 
 Above all that lived nigh, 
 But could not invent to live 
 
 When God called him to die. 
 
 Soon after the town was incorporated a post-office was 
 located in the central part of the town, and David Kilborn ap- 
 pointed postmaster. He held office about four years, and was 
 succeeded by Elisha Buell, who held it two years, when he 
 was succeeded by General Enos H. Buell, who held it until 
 1839, when Asa Day was appointed. Day's successors were 
 Miss Mary Buell, Mrs. Sarah Boardman, Mr. E. C. Warner, 
 and Mrs. Harriet Buell Warner, who was the last of the Buells 
 to manage the post-office. The post-office until recent date 
 had been almost continuously in the Elisha Buell family. 
 
 Marlborough in its early history had a resident physician 
 much of the time. Among those recorded as physicians here 
 were Hezekiah Kneeland, Timothy Woodbridge, Eleazer Mc- 
 Cray, David Smith, Dr. Spaulding, Dr. Palmer, Lucius W. 
 Mcintosh, Lewis Collins, Zenas Strong, Royal Kingsbury, John 
 B. Porter, Dr. Foote, Harrison Mcintosh. 
 
 The citizens of the new town of Marlborough appealed at 
 once to the probate district of East Haddam, to which they be- 
 longed, for a day when the probate judge should be at the 
 nearer town of Colchester, to attend to probate matters. There 
 is no record that it was ever acted upon favorably, and so the 
 long distance over the hills to attend to that business was con- 
 tinued until 1846. when Marlborough was made a probate dis- 
 trict. The first estate settled in the new district was that of 
 Joel Foote, who had acquired the title of the Duke of }^Iarl- 
 borough on account of his continuous service in the General 
 Assembly, he having been elected to that office twenty-two 
 times. 
 
 The first probate judges were Asa Daw Sherman C. Lord, 
 and George Foote. 
 
 The first schoolhouse was erected b\ Daniel Hosford and 
 others, nearly opposite the meeting hotise, in 1760.
 
 32 MARLBOROUGH CENTENXIAL. 
 
 Schools were started in different sections of the town later ; 
 in two sections, or districts, a room in a dwelling house was 
 used for that purpose, ^Ir. Ezra Carter furnishing one and 
 Deacon David Skinner the other. These schools were the be- 
 ginning of the South and West Districts. 
 
 In 1841 there were in the town five school districts: the 
 Center, South, East, North, and \\*est. with a total attendance 
 of one hundred and seventy pupils. 
 
 Captain Daniel jMiller gave his property, by will dated 
 May 12, 1801, after the decease of his wife, to the Center 
 School District. ]^Irs. ]vliller died in 1833, and the district 
 came into possession from this source of $1,800 : this farm was 
 leased for 999 years to Mr. Charles Carter for $1,800, the in- 
 come from which was to be expended for the payment of salary 
 or board of teachers for the Center School District. 
 
 Select schools have from time to time been kept in the town ; 
 among them, one by Dr. Chauncey Lee was well patronized 
 by residents and nonresidents. 
 
 Since then the boarding schools of Connecticut and neigh- 
 boring states have called oft' the boys and girls from time to 
 time, and an occasional boy has carried his education forward 
 to the college and university. 
 
 I have found the following in an old historical sermon by 
 the Rev. Hiram Bell, which is the only record I have been 
 able to find concerning the Episcopal Church in this town. 
 
 The whole parish was Congregational in sentiment and 
 church polity, and worshiped at one place till 1788, when Asa 
 Foote, Ezra Carter, Elisha Lord, Weeks Williams, Xathan 
 Niles, Reuben Curtis, Aaron Gillette, ^Martin Kellogg, ]\Ioses 
 Kellogg, Jr., Gideon Jones, Jr.. and Eli Jones left the society 
 and joined the Episcopal Church in Hebron. 
 
 They never built a house of worship, but lay service was 
 performed in the schoolhouse in the south part of the town mitil 
 about 1820, when, from removals and death, the congregation 
 became so small that meetings were discontinued. Since that 
 time those who belonged to that denomination attended public 
 worship in Hebron. There were at one time about twenty 
 families who belonged to this order. 
 
 November 10, 1831. a i*>aptist Church was formed of ten
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 33 
 
 persons in town and three nonresidents. The heads of families 
 were Aaron Phelps, Oliver Phelps, and Ezra Blish. 
 
 Meetings were generally held in the Northwest schoolhouse 
 till 1838, when they worshiped for about two years alternately 
 with the jNiethodists in the chapel at the factory village. Since 
 that time no meetings have been held. 
 
 At one time the resident members were twenty-eight in, 
 number. 
 
 In 1810 Seth Dickinson and wife and Sylvester C. Dunham 
 joined the Methodists in Eastbury. About three years l^ter 
 a class was formed in the town, composed of ten or twelve per- 
 sons. 
 
 In 1816 or 1817 a Methodist church or society was formed 
 of forty-five individuals. Among them were the following 
 heads of families : Sylvester C. Dunham, Seth Dickinson, Daniel 
 Post, Edward Root, John Wheat, Oliver Dewey, Asa Bigelow, 
 Samuel F. Jones, and Jeremiah Burden. 
 
 Meetings were held by them at first in private houses, and 
 afterwards more generally at the Northwest and Northeast 
 schoolhouses. 
 
 About 1838 the agent of the Union Manufacturing Com- 
 pany fitted up a chapel for them at the factory village, where 
 they continued to worship, a part of the time alternating with 
 the Baptists, till 1841, when a meeting house was erected by 
 them at the center, and dedicated October 20th of that year. 
 
 Timothy Merritt, Jeremiah Stocking of Glastonbury, Allen 
 Barnes of Long Island, Mr. Griffin, and Daniel Burrows were 
 among the pioneer preachers or exhorters. 
 
 Circuit preachers cared for the services from 1830 to 1842, 
 when a regular preacher was sent, William Livesey being the 
 first. 
 
 Among his successors were the following: John Cooper, 
 Sidney Dean, L. C. Collins, Closes Chase, J. B. Gould, Robert 
 McGonigal, Morrison Lefiingwell, L. D. Bentley, Roger Albis- 
 ton, Henry Torbush, William Hurst, A. M. Allen. 
 
 The eccentric Lorenzo Dow was a frequent preacher in the 
 schoolhouse period of the church. 
 
 When Afarlborough was incorporated as a town George 
 the HI was on the throne of England, Thomas Jefferson was 
 3
 
 34 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 president, Aaron Uurr vice-president, Jonathan Trumbull of 
 Lebanon was governor, Samuel Wyllys secretary, and John 
 Porter of Lebanon was comptroller. 
 
 The country town of Lebanon, with its v.-ar office, governor, 
 and comptroller, the place where the afifairs of the state and 
 nation had been carefully studied and guarded, gave every 
 small town in the state courage and ambition to labor for the 
 future, and labor more zealously than they have, especially 
 during the past fifty years, for the upbuilding of the towns. 
 
 Their fathers had come to these wilderness lands to make 
 for themselves and their children a home, where they might 
 enjoy in the largest wav civil and religious liberty, leaving 
 country and kindred and elegant ways of living for a wilderness 
 and privation unknowm to us. 
 
 I stand for the country towns, and a chance for every boy 
 and girl in them, barefooted and scantily clad and fed though 
 they may be, who faces the future with a determination to 
 make a successful finish. 
 
 We as children have never- shown our gratitude to the 
 founders of this town, many of whom were of the best blood 
 of old England. We have ignored and forgotten, or never 
 known,. the great sacrifices made, and hardships endured, by 
 these men and women whose first aim was to worship God and 
 teach their children to do so. 
 
 The area of the town at the time of its incorporation was 
 eighteen square miles. 
 
 Ten years after its incorporation four square miles were 
 added from Glastonbury, the residents of the extreme southern 
 part of the latter town finding Marlborough more convenient 
 for church and town affairs : besides, (jlastonbury had been 
 especially severe in making their neighbors pay rates for four 
 years after they began worshiping and paying rates with the 
 new society of Marlborough, nearly bankrupting them by doing 
 so. I have no doubt they owed them a grudge for doing so — 
 I have. 
 
 Among the petitioners for incorporation as an ecclesiastical 
 society was Mr. David Bigelow of Colchester, who had previ- 
 ously settled in W'atertown, Mass.. and had several kinsmen by 
 the same name who had gone from W'atertown to Marlborough, 
 Mass.
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 35 
 
 ]\lr. David Bigelow was rated at £iio when set off from the 
 west society of Colchester to ^Marlborough, nearly double that 
 of any other person set off from that society. On account of 
 his wealth and the large influence he seems to have wielded in 
 the society it was guessed that he suggested the name, as there 
 is a record of its having been called New Marlborough in his 
 letter of dismissal from the west society in Colchester to the 
 church in Xew Marlborough in 1752. He settled in Col- 
 chester in 1730. 
 
 Mr. J. Hammond Trumbull favored the idea of yiv. Bige- 
 low's having given the name to the town. 
 
 Our first settlers took their titles to land from the Indians — 
 Turramuggus in the north, Joshua in the east, and the Mo- 
 hegans, with the Pongwonks and Owaneco south, the name 
 Tuhi having long been given to a section of land in the north- 
 east. 
 
 Some Indians lived in the homes of the early settlers, as 
 well as some slaves. The names of two slaves who un- 
 doubtedly came in with Ichabod and Epaphras Lord were 
 Sybil and Tony. 
 
 I have often heard of the Saddler's ordinary or tavern, 
 located in the north part of the town, but am unable to obtain 
 anvthing satisfactory of its history or location from persons 
 now living. 
 
 As earlv as 1716 Samuel Loveland built a house on land 
 now owned by ]\Ir. Daniel Blish : somewhat later ^Messrs. 
 Adams and Carrier cleared land, which the family held until 
 within the memory of most of us, in the south part of the 
 town. 
 
 The east part of the town was first settled by the senior 
 William Buell, who was foremost in securing release of the 
 residents of that section from the ecclesiastical society in He- 
 bron, and in the incorporation of the Ecclesiastical Society of 
 ]\Iarlborough. Ezra Strong, Ezra Carter, Daniel Hosford, Icha- 
 bod and Epaphras Lord, David Skinner, and Joel Foote were 
 also early settlers on lands which later became a part of t^Je 
 town. 
 
 ]\Iv mother interested me as a child by telling me of a hound 
 ■owned bv the town, who had access to the homes of the people
 
 36 MARLBOROUGH CEXTEXNIAl.. 
 
 and expected to be fed wherever he called. Afterwards he 
 would take a nap and pass on to his duties. The hound's name 
 was Pomp, and his duties were to look after the foxes. 
 
 The children enjoyed the feeding of the dog, and never dis- 
 turbed him when asleep. He must have added quite a little 
 pleasure to the monotonous life of the children of a hundred 
 years ago. 
 
 ]\[r. AI. L. Roberts of Xew Haven writes: 
 
 I find among some papers that I have a record that Thomas Carrier 
 and Martha, his wife, with two sons, Richard and Andrew, came hrst 
 to Andover, Mass., from some part of Wales, hi 1692 ]\Iartha, the wife. 
 was hanged for a witch, an account of which may be found, I am told. 
 in the collection of the ^Massachusetts Historical Society. 
 
 Some time after, Thomas and his two sons, Richard and Andrew 
 came to Colchester, and in 1698 were landholders there. Thomas died 
 3.1 ay 16, 1735. aged 108 or 109 years. Richard Carrier was the pro- 
 genitor of the Colchester families and Andrew of those who settled in 
 ^larlborough. 
 
 A considerable number of the residents of this town went to 
 Geneseo, in the state of New York, in 1805 and later. Among 
 them Avere the following, who were dismissed from the church 
 that year : Joseph Kneeland, David Kneeland and wife, Samuel 
 Finley and wife. Deacon David Skinner and wife, several of the 
 latter's sons going with him. 
 
 They were all recommended to the Church of Christ in 
 Geneseo. 
 
 The church at that time was in good financial condition, 
 contributing largely to charitable purposes, but now it is as- 
 sisted financially by the Connecticut Home ^Missionary Society. 
 
 A wall had been built about the old burying ground for 
 some time previous to 1846, for at that date the town appointed 
 a committee " to procure a wall on the front and north and 
 south ends as far as the woodhouse. to be relaid in a decent 
 manner, not higher when finished than the wall now is, and 
 covered with flat stones on the top, and provide a suitable gate." 
 • H^ow well we have followed their example is seen in the 
 neglect of our ancient btu-ying ground toda\'. 
 
 I regret to say that the poor of the town were for many 
 vears auctioned off to the lowest bidder — and that no alms-
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 37 
 
 house has ever been established. A workhouse, so called, 
 for the shiftless, was frequently combined with the place in 
 which the poor were kept, and this, too, was a movable affair. 
 
 One of the votes, which is much like several on the town 
 records, reads as follows : " Voted, that the town poor be sold 
 at auction to the lowest bidder." 
 
 The state poor were at one time kept in this town by John 
 S. Jones. 
 
 l\[rs. Abigail Lord Woodbridge, the widow of Richard 
 Lord the third, became the wife of the Rev. Timothy Wood- 
 bridge of the old Center Church, Hartford. She was the great- 
 granddaughter of Elder William Goodwin of that church, and 
 about the time of the petition for incorporation of the ecclesias- 
 tical society at Marlborough, Airs. W'oodbridge came into pos- 
 session of the immense estate of her mother. Airs. Elizabeth 
 Crow Warren Wilson. She invested, as did her mother, in 
 lands in this vicinity, especially in that part of Colchester which 
 was set off to Alarlborough. 
 
 Two of her sons by Richard Lord, Epaphras and Ichabod, 
 came here and settled. Both were graduates of Yale, and both 
 married Bulkeleys, the daughters of the Rev. John Bulkeley of 
 Colchester. These two families brought into the town the 
 blood of Elder William Goodwin, Thomas and Richard Lord 
 of Hartford, and the Rev. Peter Bulkeley of Concord, Massa- 
 chusetts. 
 
 The original petition for incorporation of the ecclesiastical 
 society is said by experts to be in the handwriting of Epaphras 
 Lord. It was drawn at Hartford, possibly under the guiding 
 hand of Airs. Woodbridge, who contributed generously to the 
 church here in its early days on account of her two sons having 
 located here. 
 
 I cannot resist the temptation to add that both Airs. Wood- 
 bridge and her mother were good financiers. Airs. Wilson for 
 many years carrying on a kind of banking business, the busi- 
 ness of her deceased husband, successfully. Mrs. Woodbridge 
 invested largely in lands in this direction, which passed to her 
 sons here at her decease, who were also her executors. 
 
 The names of many of the original settlers have disappeared 
 from the rolls of the town, and some names have become ex-
 
 38 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 tinct. Its hospitable mansions are in ashes, and its well-cleared 
 lands of even fifty years ago are covered with bushes. The 
 beauty of its roadsides has been disfigured, until its main street 
 is dangerous to pedestrians. 
 
 I have never lost faith personally in the resurrection of the 
 town, and though today we probably could not muster 300 souls 
 if our census was taken, my faith still holds, and I do not be- 
 lieve we sit in the shadows of certain extinction as some think 
 we do. Our beautiful lake, Tarraumggus, with its emerald set- 
 ting is appreciated by a family well known for aesthetic tastes ; 
 they have appreciated it many years. It has water courses and 
 magnificent views ; nature has been bountiful with it. 
 
 Those of us who represent the founders of this town must 
 not allow their blood to become too diluted in our veins. 
 Their perseverance and self-sacrifice ought to command the 
 best there is in us to make this old town a perpetual monument 
 to the men and women who have passed on. We need not rear 
 a lofty monument to their memory, but we can beautify this 
 main street and church surroundings and care for the sleeping 
 place of our ancestors. We can do this without money; the 
 work of our hands is all that is necessary. 
 
 I trust I shall be pardoned for a reference to my own love 
 for this old town. It is not new. I looked out upon the light 
 here ; I trudged its highways and byways to its public schools ; 
 I tramped its hillsides and played by its brooksides ; I knew its 
 flora ; its birds and their haunts were pleasant features of my 
 child life ; their first glad notes in the springtime and the last 
 sad note of the frosty autumn constantly appealed to me. The 
 moor near my old home, where the first frog voice was heard 
 when winter's reign was over, was a joy, and I turn my steps 
 this way, now that life's burdens are upon me, with a delight 
 which is too sacred to be spoken, and when the working days 
 are over I expect to see the sun go down behind the ^larl- 
 borough hills, and await the resurrection morning from its 
 sacred soil, with my ancestors. 
 
 CONTRIBUTED BY MR. WM. H. RICHMOND. 
 Marlborough, Wiltshire Co., England, a municipal and par- 
 liamentary borough of Wiltshire, England, is situated on the
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 39 
 
 great highroad between London and Bath, and distant 75 miles 
 from the former, 32 from the latter, and 13 from Devizes. 
 It stands on the left bank of the Kennet, a tributary of the 
 Thames, in 51° 25' N. lat., 1° 43' W. long. It is an agricul- 
 tural center, and has a weekly market. In the days of its 
 prosperity forty-two public coaches halted daily at its doors 
 (its prototype in its palmy days could boast of two four-horse 
 post-coaches at its doors), and it had a fair trade in corn and 
 malt ; but its traffic was to a great extent, diverted by the open- 
 ing of the Great Western Railway, and it now carries on a 
 very small trade in tanning, ropemaking, and malting. It con- 
 sists mainly of a long, broad street, terminated at one end by 
 St. Mary's Church and the town hall and the other end by 
 St. Peter's Church and the college. The municipal council 
 consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors, 
 and the borough returns one member to Parliament. In 1881 
 the population of the municipal borough (area 186 acres) was 
 3,343, and of the parliamentary borough (area 4,665 acres) 5,180 
 population. The name has been a frequent matter for discus- 
 sion, some declaring it to be the hill (bery) or fortress (bury) 
 of Merlin the Briton, others the Marl borough, in allusion to 
 the surrounding soil, which, however, is chalk. A great Brit- 
 ish mound exists at the southwest extremity of the town, and a 
 castle was erected around it by William the Conqueror. This 
 became a somewhat notable place. Henry I. kept Easter here 
 in mo, and Henry II. granted it to John Lackland. Henry III. 
 held his last parliament here in 1267, and passed the " Statutes 
 of Marleberye." Later the castle served as an occasional royal 
 residence ; it was probably dismantled during the War of the 
 Roses. The town was besieged and taken during the Civil 
 Wars, and a few years later (1653) was almost entirely con- 
 sumed by fire. A large mansion was erected by Lord Seymour 
 in the reign of Charles II, near the site of the castle, and this, 
 after various vicissitudes, was in 1843 converted into " Marl- 
 borough College," a public school designed mainly for the 
 education of the sons of the clergy. A group of buildings — 
 chapel, schools, dining hall, racket courts, etc. — soon sprung 
 up around the original building, and the school numbered five 
 hundred and eighty (580) in 1882.
 
 40 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 Marlborong-h, a town in the U. S., in Middlesex Co., Mass., 
 about 25 miles west of Boston. It lies in a fertile, hilly dis- 
 trict, and contains a beautiful sheet of water of 160 acres, 
 known as Williams Lake. Population. 1870, 8,474; in 1880, 
 population 10,126. Marlborough, colonized by settlers from 
 Sudbury in 1655, and incorporated in 1661, occupies the site 
 of the Christian Indian villasre of Okommakamesitt.
 
 MILITARY HISTORY. 
 
 By John H. Fuller. 
 
 The Revolutionary record of Connecticut opens with her 
 response to the historic Lexington alarm of April 19, A.D. 
 1775. The Society of Marlborough at that time, which was 
 surveyed and regularly laid out in the year 1747, was embraced 
 in the three boundary towns of Colchester, Glastonbury, and 
 Hebron. Each contributed certain territory which later (Au- 
 o;-ust 20, A.D. 1803) became an incorporated township. The 
 military history of these towns commenced with the Lexington 
 alarm. Seventy able-bodied men marched for the relief of 
 Boston from Colchester, fift}'-nine from Glastonbury, and six- 
 ty-one from Hebron, making a total of one hundred and ninety 
 men. 
 
 The Society of Marlborough contributed, without doubt, 
 her share of this number, as such familiar names appear on 
 the lists as Brown, Bigelow, Curtis, Carrier, Foot, Hall, 
 Northam, Phelps, Skinner, and Talcott ; also Aaron Williams 
 and Elizur Dewey, who might have been a connection of the 
 present celebrated Admiral Dewey, as Capt. Simeon Dewey, 
 the admiral's grandfather, was born at Hebron, Conn., Au- 
 gust 20, 1770. It is of interest also that Zachariah Perrin, his 
 grandfather on his maternal side, who was a member of the 
 Eighth Company, Twelfth Regiment Connecticut Militia, was 
 also a Hebron man, born March 18, 1749. 
 
 Prepared to a certain extent for such an alarm, the wording 
 used in the records of the day, " marched for the relief of Bos- 
 ton," expresses alike the extent of their sympathies and the 
 nature of the service intended. The response to the alarm was 
 not through any official action of the colony, but rather a volun- 
 tary movement of the townsmen in defense of their rights and 
 liberties. This circumstance or incident illuminates this early 
 history with an illustrious example of devotion and patriotism. 
 
 The voung men of the Marlborough Societv also served
 
 42 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 with the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War 
 which followed, as it appears on record that the following resi- 
 dents applied for service pensions during the fourteen years 
 from 1818 to 1832, viz. : Ezra Blish. Isaac Curtis, Joel Fox, 
 Peter jMarjira, Zachariah Rollo, John Uxford, and Samuel 
 Wrisley. 
 
 Twenty-one years after the close of the Revolution, ]\larl- 
 borough Society became an incorporated township. Then a 
 period of nine years intervened, when the War of 1812 was pro- 
 claimed, which proved to be a number of naval rather than 
 land engagements. In reviewing the records it is shown that 
 Capt. Enos H. Buell, a resident of Marlborough who had pre- 
 viously served in the Connecticut Alilitia, and First Lieut. 
 David W. Post and Second Lieut. Dennis Whitmore, with com- 
 mendable energy and patriotism, enrolled eighty-six names. 
 Some of these men became life-long residents of ^Marlborough 
 and its vicinity, and their names are familiar to the present 
 generation, viz. : Ensign, Manton Hammond ; sergeants, 
 Epaphras Bulkley, Gibbons P. Mather, Aaron Washburn : cor- 
 porals, Russell Brown, Henry W. Fanning, Russell Gates, 
 Erastus Randall ; musicians, George jManard, Solomon Phelps ; 
 privates, Joel Archer, Robert Baker, John Benham, George 
 Bidwell, Epaphras Bigelow, Gordon Bliss, Roswell Bolles, 
 Solomon Bolles, Edmon Brainard, Enos Brainard, Seley Brain- 
 ard, Amasa Brown, Eleaza Carter, Charles Carter, William 
 Carrier, L'riah Chapman. John Cole, James Covell, Samuel G. 
 Cullum, Ira Culver, Ruben Curtis, Samuel P. Cutting, Uhiel 
 /"^^^Dart, Elijah Dickenson, John Gladdis, Abel Gay, Oliver Glea- 
 son, Darius Goodale, Andrew Halend, Ephraim Hall, Nathaniel 
 Hammond, Odgen Harvey, Walter Hibbard, Enos Hollister, 
 Allen House, Erastus Kelsey, Oliver Knowles, David Lane, 
 Russell T. Loomis, Luther Loveland, Ruben Loveland, Alfred 
 Lucas, John Lucas, Samuel Marshall, Henry W. ]\Iather, 
 Mansfield Mather, Cooper North, John C. Northam, Julius 
 Northam, John Palmer, Joseph Peck, Enos Penfield, Abraham 
 Phelps, Ashbel Phelps, Daniel Phelps, John Phelps, George 
 Phelps, Roderick Phelps, William Phelps, Christopher C. Pot- 
 ter, Nathaniel Purple, Lyman Ransom, Russell Ransom, Henry 
 Sanders, Josiah Shattuck, Porter Smith, Eben Stone, Luther S. 
 
 V
 
 MILITARY HISTORY. 43 
 
 Talcott, IMiiier Walden, Jeremiah Weir, James Welden, Moses 
 West, Roswell West, Warren West, Asa White, and William 
 Wyllys ; also David Carrier served in the regular army. 
 
 These soldiers were mustered at Marlborough Center, and 
 the mark of their bayonets at their rendezvous is not obliterated. 
 The company served with Capt. Buell in Lieut. -Col. Timothy 
 Shepard's regiment at or near New^ London from July i8 to 
 September i6, 1813. After peace was declared Capt. Buell 
 continued in the service of the state and gained the title of Gen. 
 Buell. By this appellation he was known in after years. Capt. 
 Buell's father, Col. Elisha Buell, some years previously estat)- 
 lished a gun manufactory and repair shop, which was located 
 on the Turnpike road a few rods north and opposite the present 
 Methodist Church ; whether or not this had an\- influence with 
 the younger Buell. in turning his mind to a military career, 
 which in future years he displayed, we cannot say, but it is cer- 
 tainly consistent with the maxim " Eternal vigilance is the 
 price of liberty." For it is generally known had the Yankees 
 been destitute of guns, or those they possessed been out of re- 
 pair, they would without doubt have lost their liberties in the 
 near future. 
 
 Thirty-five years later, or in the year 1847, the Mexican 
 War opened. There were but few enlistments from Connecti- 
 cut, the total being about fifteen hundred. Several towns in 
 the state were not represented, but Marlborough was credited 
 with one, Henry Dixon, who died in the service. Then twelve 
 peaceful years ensued, when the Civil War opened, and closed 
 four years later, in April, 1865. Historians decide this was 
 the most desperately fought and destructive war in life and 
 treasure of which history relates. 
 
 Seventy-four residents of Marlborough participated in this 
 conflict, viz. : Sherman H. Alger, Stilman Brainard, James 
 Berry, George Bennett, Stephen G. Bolles. Edwin L. Bennett, 
 James B. Bali, Elisha ]\I. Brigham. Timothy Allen, William K. 
 Chatsey, Gilbert Covell, Samuel J. Coleman, Charles Culver, 
 Lafayette Chapman, Ralph AL Culver, Harve}- Dutton, Wolcott 
 Dickinson, John E. Dunham, Elias Dickinson, Francis A. Dut- 
 ton, Charles Ditzer, James H. Everett, George I. Emily, Elisha 
 B. Fielding, Dennison H. Finley, Daniel B. Finley, John H.
 
 44 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 Fuller, John Fluskcy, William Cireen, Michael Gormon, Wil- 
 liam F. Gerry, George W. Hutchins, Henry B. Haling, Francis 
 Huxford, William G. Hnxford, George H. Hall, Charles C. 
 Jones, Jesse Hoadley, Alonzo Hoadley, William W. Hoadley, 
 George Hodge, James Kelley, Robert Karnes, William G. Kel- 
 le_v, William W. Latham, Joel Latham, Charles Miller, Charles 
 H. Miller, John Mason, James Noland, George L. Nichols, 
 Sylvester Prout, David Penhallow, William N. Sackett, John 
 Smith, Alph W. South worth, Deming J. F. Sherman, John 
 Savers. Michael Smith, Noah L. Snow, John Tompson, Henry 
 Talman, David Thomas, Dwight C. Root, Newell W. Root, 
 Frederick Watrous, David R. Wilson, Diodate G. Wilson, 
 George H. Wilson, Chrades H. Wilcox, Andrew F. Warren, 
 and Charles F. Wilson. 
 
 The organizations in which these men served represented 
 three arms of the service, infantry, cavalry, and artillery, while 
 our respected citizen John Coleman and Lucian Buell, now 
 deceased, served in the navy. Honorable mention is also made 
 of our citizens George Lyman and Andrew J. Hanks, who 
 rendered service in the war for the Union. Seventeen of these 
 seventy-four soldiers received promotion, from the ranks, which 
 demonstrates that as a whole they served with fidelity, as the 
 army regulations allow but sixteen officers in every hundred 
 men enrolled. 
 
 The casualties were : wounded, twelve ; killed in action, 
 one ; died of disease and wounds, eight. It is evident that for- 
 tune favored these men, for it is to be remembered the record 
 shows that they took part, in more or less numbers, in all the 
 battles from Bull Run to Appomattox, inclusive, and from At- 
 lanta to the sea. 
 
 Fifty-eight were volunteers and were credited to the quota 
 of Marlborough ; one served by draft, Jesse Hoadley, who was 
 disabled for life by that service ; six volunteers of the number 
 were credited to the quotas of other towns. There were also 
 nine substitutes, which almost coincides with the desertions, 
 which were ten. They were alike foreign to the soil and sen- 
 timent of Marlborough. The military enrollment or liability 
 of Marlborough in August, 1861, was sixty-nine men. Fifty- 
 eight voluntary enlistments was com])aratively a large luunber, 
 or within eleven of the total militarv strength.
 
 MILITARY HISTORY. 45 
 
 It is related that upon a certain public occasion during the 
 war a speaker, in his address, alluded to the town where he 
 resided as the banner town of the state in that it had sent to the 
 front more volunteers according to its liability than any town 
 in the state, when Governor Buckingham arose (for correc- 
 tion) and said that a number of the towns had responded nobly 
 with volunteers and, no doubt, the gentleman's town was one 
 of them, but a small town in the south part of Hartford County 
 held that distinction. Surely this was creditable to Marlbor- 
 ough in the days of secession. 
 
 In the war with Spain of 1898 ?\larlborough was not rep- 
 resented bv any resident, although three native-born partici- 
 pated. Charles O. Lord and Howard L. Dickinson served with 
 the Connecticut Volunteers, and David Wilson served under 
 the assumed name of Fred Spencer with the U. S. regulars in 
 Porto Rico. 
 
 And now at the close of the century for what these men 
 fought, what thcv suffered and endured in common with thou- 
 sands of their fellow-countrymen, from the historic Alarm 
 down through the decades, has not been in vain. Civil liberty 
 has been appreciated and enjoyed by those for whom they put 
 their lives in jeopardy, and thousands of the oppressed of 
 earth have sought the land of liberty and its benefiting and en- 
 lightening results. More than this, constitutional liberty has 
 crossed the seas and embraced within its folds for betterment 
 millions of the inhabitants of other lands, and stands forth 
 today to the gaze of monarchies with a dazzling splendor which 
 cannot retard its humanizing and civilizing influence for the 
 happiness and well-being of man.
 
 BOUNDARIES OF THE TOWN. 
 
 As the act of incorporation of the Town of Marlborough, 
 passed by the General Assembly, October, 1803 (Private Laws 
 Conn., Vol. II, page 1157), refers to the boundaries of the 
 Society of Marlborough, which was incorporated in May, 
 1747 (printed Col. Records of Conn., \"ol. IX, page 303), it is 
 the provisions of the latter to which we must look for these 
 boundaries. 
 
 Referring to the letters upon the sketch on the opposite 
 page, the description reads as follow^s : 
 
 Beginning at the northeast corner of Aliddletown bounds, (A) and 
 from thence a line drawn northerly to the northwest corner of David 
 Dickinson's land in Eastberry, (B) and from thence eastward to the 
 northwest corner of a lot of land on which Daniel Chamberlain's barn 
 stands, (C) and from thence to run near east on the north side of said 
 Chamberlain's land until it meet with Hebron west line, (D) and from 
 thence southerly to the northwest corner of a farm of land on which 
 the Widow Lucy Talcott now dwells, (E) and from thence a straight 
 line to the road at Daniel Root's, (F) and from thence on a straight 
 line to the riding place over Fawn Brook, being at the northeast corner 
 of the land of Joseph Phelps, jun^, (G) and from thence southerly as 
 the brook runs until it comes to the riding place passing from Joseph 
 Kellogg's over said brook to the Pine Hill, (H) and from thence a 
 straight line to Mr. John Adam's farm to the southeast corner by the 
 country road, (/) including said farm, and from the most southerly part 
 of said farm (7) a west line to Middletown east bounds, (K) then 
 northerly by Middletown line to the first mentioned corner. (A) 
 
 These were the original boundaries of Marlborough So- 
 ciety, composed of parts of the towns of Colchester, Hebron, 
 and Glastonbury, and later incorporated into the Town of Marl- 
 borough. 
 
 An addition was made to this tract from (i^lastonbury in 
 1813 (Private Laws Conn., Vol. II. p. 1158). and referring
 
 
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 /My^R LB O ROUGH 

 
 48 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 to the same sketch on previous page, a description of this addi- 
 tion is as follows : 
 
 Beginning at Marlborough northeast corner, on Hebron line, {D) 
 thence northwardly on said line, three hundred and thirty rods to a 
 monument on a bluff or clump of rocks; (M) thence south eighty-eight 
 degrees thirty minutes west, until it comes to a heap of stones in the 
 north-west corner of John Huxford's land, and the south-west corner 
 of the Hale lot, so called, now in possession of Chester Hills, (L) from 
 thence southwesterly to a chestnut tree with stones about it in the north- 
 east corner of Samuel F. Jones' land, and the north-west corner of 
 John Finley's land, from thence southwardly on the east line of said 
 Jones's land, Simon Bailey's land, and Caleb Brainard's land to Marl- 
 borough line. (C) 
 
 Another annexation was made from Glastonbury in 1859 
 (Private Laws Conn., Vol. V, p. 305), embracing part of the 
 house of Harry Finley. This house stood in the extreme 
 northern part of the town, and upon the town line, and the 
 resolution of the General Assembly states " that for all tax- 
 able purposes, and for attending town and electors' meetings, 
 said Harry Finley shall and does hereby belong to the said 
 town of Marlborough." 
 
 The town enjoys the unique distinction of having been 
 made up from three counties, Colchester being in New London 
 county, Hebron in Tolland county, and Glastonbury in Hart- 
 ford county, to which the town of Marlborough was annexed 
 at time of incorporation. 
 
 The boundaries of the parts of Colchester. Hebron, and 
 Glastonbury within the present territory of ^larlborough are 
 as follows : 
 
 The north end of Colchester (from A to O on diagram) is 
 described in Vol. I, p. 89, Colchester Land Records, as es- 
 tablished April 6, 1756: 
 
 Beginning "at a heap of stones (./) being the northeast bound 
 mark between Middletown and Glasonbury, and took the course of 
 divident line between said towns ^iliddlctown and Glasonbury, and 
 found ye course to be east about one degree north, and then began at 
 said heap of stones (A) and run east the same course between sd. 
 Glasonbury and Colchester to ye highway leading to Colchester (O), 
 being one mile and one hundred and fifteen rods, and have erected 
 monuments on the line every forty rods."
 
 TOWN BOUNDARIES. 49 
 
 The line between Colchester and Hebron (from / to O on 
 diagram) was settled by the General Court in ]\Iay, 1716. 
 (printed Colonial Records, \"ol. \'. page 559) as follows: 
 
 Beginning '" at the place in Jeremy's River where the road from 
 Glassenbury to New London passeth the said river, and from thence 
 northwestward the bounds between said towns shall be the said road as 
 it is now used." 
 
 This is further described in A^ol. I, page 305, Hebron land 
 records, as established May 17, 1722: 
 
 A country road of six rods wide between Colchester and Hebron 
 from a river called Jeremies River to Glasingbery bounds ; begmning 
 first at the above said river at the river six rods wide, so running north- 
 erly between Nathaniel Dunham's and James Robard's land six rods 
 wide to Robard's northeast corner bounds, there six rods wide ; from 
 thence northwesterly betwixt Hebron and Colchester up the hill north- 
 westerly to the top of the hill six rods wide, three rods each side of 
 the path, the southwest side of the p'ath a point of rocks, the northeast 
 side a white oak plant, stones about it ; from thence northwest six 
 rods wide to about two rods northward of Thomas Day's barn, there 
 a heap of stones three rods southward of the path and a heap of stones 
 three rods northward of the path where it now goes ; from thence west 
 and by north six rods wide, three rods each side of the path, to the 
 faling of the hill west, there a walnut stadle three rods northeast of 
 the path, stones about it, and a walnut plant three rods southeast of the 
 path, stones about it ; from thence northwest six rods wide to Thomas 
 Day's northwest corner bound ; from thence northwest and by west 
 six rods wide to a white oak tree marked on the south side of the path 
 and a black oak tree marked on the easterly side of the path ; from 
 thence northwest six rods wide to a white oak staddle, stones about it, 
 by a flat rock on the southwest side of the path, and a white oak staddle 
 on the northeast side of the path, stones about it; from thence north 
 six rods wide to a white oak tree marked on the west side of the path 
 and a ledge of rocks on the northeast side of the path ; from thence 
 northwest and six rods wide, three rods each side of the path, to a white 
 oak staddle on the southwest side of the path which is Hen Dibell's 
 northeast bound, and a white oak tree marked on the northeast side of 
 the path near Faun Brook; from thence northwesterly across Faun 
 Brook to the Riding place at Black Ledge River six rods wide, three 
 rods each side of the path as the path now goes; from thence north- 
 westerly to a rock stones upon it on the southwest side of the path 
 and a heap of stones on the north side of the path ; from thence 
 northwesterly six rods wide to a white oak tree marked at the north- 
 east end of the Rattlesnake rock on the southwest side of the path, and 
 at a white oak tree marked on the northeast side of the path; from
 
 50 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 thence northwesterly six rods wide a straight Hne to a white oak tree, 
 stones about it, on the east side of the path which is Mr. Bulckly's 
 south corner bound and a walnut staddle on the easterly side of the 
 road a little north of a rock called Prats farm ; from thence northwest 
 to a white oak tree, marked, stones about it. Mr. Bulckly's north corner 
 bounds on the westerly side of the path and a black oak tree, marked, 
 on the east side of the path ; from thence six rods wide three rods each 
 side of the path now goes to Glasingbery bounds. (O) 
 
 This point (0) is southwesterly from and near the present 
 residence of Daniel Blish, near the brook which crosses the 
 highway sottth of his house, and is where the south line 
 of Glastonbury crossed the old Hartford and New London 
 country road. This road ran upon the east side of the pond, 
 and past the residence of Daniel Blish, joining the present 
 turnpike near where it crosses the stream in Dark Hollow. 
 A part of this road from the east side of the pond to a point 
 south of Daniel Blish's, and another section from the cross- 
 road north of his house to Dark Hollow, is now discontinued. 
 
 The line between Glastonbury and Hebroii, easterly from 
 O to A^ and northerly from A' to E on diagram, is not 
 easily determined at the present time, as no survey of the 
 same is known to be in existence, but the part from O to N 
 was doubtless an extension of the line A to O, which was 
 described in 1756 as "east about one degree north" (Col- 
 chester Land Records, Vol. I, page 89), and the part from 
 A/" to £ is an extension of the present north part of the line 
 between Hebron and Marlborough (M to E), which was de- 
 scribed in 1804 as " south eight degrees east'/ (Hebron Land 
 Records, Vol. XL page 210). 
 
 The corner A^ is located as the southeast corner of land 
 now owned by Jonathan N. Wood of Hebron (Marlborough 
 Land Records, Vol. V, page 301), and near the "Old Fox 
 Road." a mile or more north of the present main road from 
 Marlborough to Hebron. 
 
 This was the southeast corner of a lot laid out to Capt. 
 Ephraim (Goodrich of Wethersfield, January 28, 1728-29, " in 
 the Five Mile at the southeast corner of said Glassenbury," 
 one of the bounds " being the southeast corner of said Glas- 
 senbury liounds " (Glastonbury Land Records, Vol. IV, page
 
 TOWN BOUNDARIES. 5 1 
 
 3). This land under various descriptions, and in pieces of 
 varying size, although preserving the identical southeast cor- 
 ner, has passed from the, original owner above through the 
 following owners to the present, namely : David Goodrich, 
 Capt. David Hubbard, both of Glastonbury, Noah Phelps of 
 Hebron, Colonel Thomas Fitch of Boston, William Brattle and 
 wife of Cambridge, Daniel Hosford of Hebron, Roger Dewey. 
 John Dewey, both of Glastonbur}-, Jonathan Northam of Col- 
 chester, Oliver Northam, Isaac B. Buell, both of Marlborough, 
 Michael Allen and Jonathan N. Wood, both of Hebron. 
 
 It seems that the western boundary of Hebron upon Glas- 
 tonbury was originally supposed to run northerly from the 
 north end of Colchester and Hebron line, (0) as the western 
 boundary of the original legacy to Saybrook men (Hebron), 
 by the will of Joshua Sachem, executed February 29, 1675-76 
 (Colony Records of Deeds, etc., Vol. II, page 130, in the 
 Secretary's office), is described "abutting westward to the 
 insight of Hartford and of Hartford bounds." This was 
 further defined by the committee of the General Assembly in 
 1714 "to be at the distance of eight miles east from the great 
 river." In 1722 a committee " extended Glassenbury about a 
 mile and quarter on the south side further east than their 
 former southeast corner, which takes out of Hebron into Glas- 
 senbury about 2,200 acres of land." This was done so as to 
 allow to Glastonbury the full contents of eight miles and twenty 
 rods east of the Great River, which makes a large bend to the 
 eastward opposite the town, and this measurement of 1722 was 
 made at its easternmost point. This accounts for the pro- 
 jection of the southeast corner of Glastonbury into tiebron. 
 The particulars are found in Towns and Lands, Vol. VI, doc. 
 186, in State Library, which is a petition from the town of 
 Hebron to the General Court regarding the triangular piece of 
 land south of Glastonbury and east of Colchester. 
 
 The onl}- survey of the town boundaries of comparatively 
 modern date, is that between Hebron and Marlborough, and 
 is of April, 1804, and found in Hebron Land Records, Vol. 
 XI, page 210. " Courses given as the magnetic needle now 
 reads, the variation being 5 deg. 45 min. westerly." Begin- 
 ning at the northeast corner of Marlborough at pile of stones,
 
 52 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 thence south 8 deg. east 41 rods, to northwest corner of Tal- 
 cott farm, thence south 54 deg. 45 min. east 332 rods, to road 
 east of Samuel Fielding's, thence ^outh 22 deg. 25 min., east 
 500 rods, to " the wading place " at northeast corner of Shaw 
 farm, thence as the hrook runs to " the wading place " north 
 of Moses Kellogg's, thence south 6 deg. 45 min. west 530 rods, 
 to walnut upon Colchester line. 
 
 Thus I have endeavored to embody in a brief sketch such 
 items of information as I have been able to find concerning the 
 boundaries of the town. I can hardly hope that all the records 
 now extant have been examined, but I trust that this article will 
 put in a permanent and convenient form the information, which 
 in its origfinal is widelv scattered. 
 
 ^- e. >Ci. Jz^ jjl4 .
 
 REMINISCENCES, BY HART TALCOTT. 
 
 As I am asked to speak to you on events of the past, and as 
 §"ood sight with me is a thing of the past, you will allow me to 
 use " helps to read " of a former generation, grandfather's 
 spectacles (heavy brass frames and jointed). 
 
 When a person is announced to speak on a great occasion 
 like this, the hearers naturally wish to know who he is and 
 where he came from. I came to this town for my residence in 
 the vear 1800, in the person of my father, iMoseley Talcott, 
 then twenty-one years of age, who once on a time in Boston, 
 when asked in a public place for his name and address, wrote, 
 on the spur of the moment and without previous thought, 
 " Moseley Talcott, a sprig of the balm of Gilead, a Hebronite 
 of the tribe of Gad, formerly of Pumptown, lately of the town 
 that adjourned Thanksgiving for the want of molasses." The 
 explanation is : My father, a son of Gad Talcott, was born in 
 Gilead, town of Hebron, nicknamed Pumptown because of the 
 bursting into many pieces of a log pump, which the citizens 
 had bound with iron and wooden hoops, and used in place of 
 a cannon in celebrating the capture of Louisburg from the 
 French in 1758. Barbour's History of Connecticut says: " The 
 fame of the exploit spread over the whole world and was writ- 
 ten in the Chronicles of the Kings of England. George the 
 Third, in the plenitude of his goodness, provided a substitute, 
 made of pure brass, that his faithfull subjects might ever after 
 sing pseans to his victorious army. This mark of his Majestie's 
 favor, however, was lost in passing the Atlantic Ocean." 
 
 The section of this town which my father settled in was 
 then a part of Colchester, which town, " at a legal town meet- 
 ing held October 29, 1705, voted to put over Thanksgiving 
 services and festivities from the first to the second Thursday 
 in November." Tradition says there being a deficiency of mo- 
 lasses was the reason. The roads were in such bad condition
 
 54 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 they could not haul freight from New London. The mode of 
 hauling was primitive. For want of carts or wagons, they used 
 long, stout poles. The forward ends were attached to the horse, 
 or to the yoke of the oxen ; the ends carrying the load dragging 
 behind them on the ground were connected by cross ties, and 
 upright stakes kept the loading from rolling off in the rear, 
 I have seen such apparatus in use on hilly farms in the West 
 Indies. At funerals the hearse, so indispensable now, was not 
 much in vise. The cofifin, except for long distances, and some- 
 times then, was borne by relays of men, sometimes on their 
 shoulders and sometimes on biers or poles lashed together for 
 the occasion. The first bier used in this parish was built by 
 my father for use at the funeral of his wife in September, 1822, 
 and was the only one here for many years. A few years ago I 
 saw the broken remains of such a bier lying on the ground in 
 the rear of the old cemetery near by. One hundred years ago 
 not a house in town was painted white, either inside or out. 
 Yellow, red, or unpaintcd wood were the colors, and when, 
 early in the century, one was painted white, inside and out, it 
 was a more engaging topic of conversation Sunday noons than 
 the doctrines of election, free moral agency, or infant damna- 
 tion, which in those days were vigorously preached ; to say 
 nothing of discussions at other times as to the durability of 
 white paint, its coming into general use, etc. About that time 
 a new schoolhouse was built in our mother town of Hebron 
 and painted white. That innovation has been known ever since 
 as the " White Schoolhouse " in Gilead. I have been told that 
 it was the first schoolhouse in Connecticut painted white on the 
 outside. In these first one hundred years several new high- 
 ways have been opened, the principal one, the Hartford and 
 New London Turnpike, coming straight as possible from the 
 old site of the Congregational Church in East Hartford, down 
 through Glastonbury, Dark Hollow, once called a " wild, ro- 
 mantic place," and where, on the mountain overlooking it, is 
 said to have lived for several years 'an English gentleman who 
 had married a daughter of one of the governors of Connecticut. 
 Foreign gentlemen early recognized the beauty and wealth of 
 American ladies. In this hollow still lies the rock whereon the 
 contractor of the road, a retired clergyman, a native of this
 
 REMINISCENCES. 55 
 
 town, laid his coat, saying, " Lie there, divinity, while I give 
 this man a thrashing." And then he soundly thrashed into 
 silence the walking delegate wdio up to that time persistently 
 interfered with the building of the road. Then the road, 
 coming through factory village, west side of the lake, then be- 
 tween the Methodist Church and the famous old tavern where 
 so much work has been done to make this celebration a grand 
 success, then past this church, and on to good old Xew London 
 in as straight a line as the Czar's railroad from St. Petersburgh 
 to jNIoscovv-. 
 
 " If a curved line is a line of beauty, and a thing of beauty 
 is a joy forever," then how happy must our fathers have been 
 when they followed the old circuitous route from below us out 
 to the old Deacon Strong Homestead, then in by the tavern, of 
 course, up by the east side of the Methodist Church, past my 
 dear old birthplace, which is protected in front by granite post 
 and wrought-iron fence built in 1820, and the Cheney cottage 
 on the east side of the lake, then around the northern end of 
 the lake, and in some devious way to South Glastonbury and 
 so on to Hartford. The route was very crooked ; many por- 
 tions long since fenced in and given up to pasturage and other 
 uses. 
 
 While we are known as the smallest town in the state, we 
 are comforted in the thought that our fathers were not im- 
 poverished by taxation (unless they worked out in highway 
 repairs the greater part of their taxes), as the inscription on 
 this old Scotch thread box, the strong box of the town, would 
 seem to prove : " This box contained the town's money, thirty- 
 two years in succession, and was relieved October 9, 1840." 
 My father was treasurer those thirty-two years continuously, 
 and did not abscond. The auditor's release is inside. Official 
 service was not always expensive. Once, previous to his serv- 
 ice as treasurer, at the close of a state election, bids were made 
 for carrying the official returns to Hartford. One man offered 
 to do it for $5.00, others for a less sum; one " offered to per- 
 form the service for the honor of it." Moseley Talcott, not to 
 be outdone, offered to do it for the honor of it and to pay the 
 town two cents for the privilege. His bid was accepted, the 
 money ])aid, and receipt taken. The U. S. government some-
 
 56 MARLBOROUGH CExNTENNIAL. 
 
 times taxed them for " riding on wheels." I have three re- 
 ceipts given, one in 1814, 1815, and one in 1816, by the Col- 
 lector of the Fourth Collection District of Connecticut: (2) 
 Two dollars each " for the privilege of using a (2) two-wheeled 
 carriage called a chaise, and the harness therefor, for the term 
 of one year each, under the laws of the United States." Some 
 of these licenses were printed for two dollars, some for seven. 
 The population of the town may be small, but the people not so. 
 At regimental and brigade drills, the militia from Marlborough 
 were styled " sons of Anak," only one or two of them at one 
 time being less than six feet in height. You remember the re- 
 port of the twelve spies sent out by Moses, " And there we 
 saw the giants, the sons of Anak, which come of the giants, 
 and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were 
 in their sight." One militia captain on the day he first drilled 
 his men could not keep them in line or step together. He dis- 
 missed them for a few days. In the intervening time he used 
 his team and plow in making furrows between the east line 
 of the town street in front of his own mowing lots and the 
 roadway which ran near the west side of the street. When 
 the company was called together again, my father issued his 
 commands, marched the company several times over those fur- 
 rows, with the result of their learning to keep in step and good 
 alignment. He commanded a well-drilled company for several 
 years. 
 
 Men and sons of men great in their works have been born 
 here. 
 
 Col. Elisha Buell, who was a repairer of muskets for Revo- 
 lutionary soldiers, lived and had his shops a little north of the 
 old hotel. He was a fine workman in iron and steel. A horn- 
 handled carver and fork, which he made and presented to my 
 father, can be seen in the room of antiques. His son, Gen. 
 Enos Buell, was a captain in the war of 1812, and that company 
 was never mustered out from the United States service. They 
 were marched home and dismissed until called together again. 
 They never received any pay whatever, until a few years pre- 
 vious to the death of the last half-dozen or so, when they each 
 made affidavits of service, their statements proven at the war 
 office in Washington, and thereafter they received a pension.
 
 REMINISCENCKS. 57 
 
 Some may say they were not entitled to much, for in the lan- 
 guage of their regimental paymaster, " We marched twice to 
 New London, encamped, and did nothing under the light of 
 the sun but eat fish and oysters." 
 
 I. Lord Skinner, as he wrote his name, was a minister of 
 great ability, a character, a man who accomplished things. In 
 his parish was a very troublesome man, one who delighted to 
 contradict and annoy people, ministers especially, and would 
 not be persuaded to cease, until one day, when a number of 
 neighboring pastors, on the invitation of Mr. Skinner, were as- 
 sembled in the reception room for a private conference, this 
 man persisted in being present, his insulting annoyance was 
 unbearable, and they could not persuade him to cease. Mr. 
 Skinner resorted to the art of boxing, one of his college accom- 
 plishments, with such good effect that the man was thoroughly 
 humbled and was ever after a peaceable man. But ]\Ir. Skin- 
 ner, feeling that he had " disgraced the cloth,"' resigned his 
 pastorate, and never entered the pulpit again. When he left 
 the ministry he went to Hartford and built what is known as 
 the " Old Pavilion House," No. 72 Wooster Street, at that time 
 a large and fine residence. His style of living and equipage 
 excited the admiration of the old aristocracy. He built the 
 Windsor Locks canal, was chief contractor on the Hartford and 
 New London turnpike. Moving to New York, he became one 
 of the most prominent contractors on public works. 
 
 The Kilbourns, who settled early in Keokuk, Iowa, Wil- 
 liams in Chicago, were prominent men in business and in offi- 
 cial life. The Peltons, who settled near Syracuse, were prom- 
 inent agriculturists. Jonathan Kilbourn, who lived in the 
 second house north of this, was the inventor of the iron screw 
 and many other tools. He died October 14, 1785, and was 
 buried in Colchester, where many of our first residents were 
 buried. 
 
 The name of Ingraham is a familiar one, and reminds us of 
 clocks. Elias Ingraham, born in 1805, went with his brother, 
 Andrew, to Bristol in 1825, where, for sixty years, or until his 
 decease, he was engaged in the manufacture of those famous 
 Yankee clocks, depending on which no church or schoolhouse 
 bell has since dared to ring until they gave the time.
 
 58 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 The name of Bigelow is one I remember with affection, for 
 the loving care bestowed by one on three httle ones, whose 
 mother left us when I was scarce three months old. The son 
 of her father's brother, our chairman today, has honorably 
 served his country at home, and also as ambassador to the gov- 
 ernment of France. A son of his, also, is a well-known writer. 
 Our friend Richmond of Scranton, Pa., who proves his loyalty 
 to his native heath by almost yearly visits here, has won dis- 
 tinction for himself by a successful business life and in contri- 
 butions for the papers. 
 
 Samuel Colt, the inventor of repeating firearms, lived some 
 two years at the north end of this street. I once heard him 
 say that he was here " taught the art of farming and of good 
 behavior." j\Iy father said he w'as a hard colt to break in. 
 
 Kathrens, an Irish cobbler, who was impressed by the Brit- 
 ish into their army during the Revolution, with several im- 
 pressed comrades, deserted the British at the first opportunity 
 after landing on our shores. He said that " the time to get rid 
 of a bad officer was on a retreat." At the time that he and sev- 
 eral of his impressed comrades deserted they were on a retreat. 
 " The colonel was riding nearly in front of us. A dozen guns 
 besides mine were pointed at the colonel, .at the same time, and 
 he fell from his horse dead. I don't know whose bullet hit 
 him, but he never troubled us any more." He soon settled at 
 the north end of this street. He liked this country and heartily 
 believed every word in the Bible, except that story of Samson 
 catching three hundred foxes and tying firebrands to their 
 tails, etc. He declared that to be too much for any man's belief. 
 
 We cannot boast of canals, trolley cars, or railroads run- 
 ning through our town, but time was when j\Iarlborough was 
 noted for sending the biggest loads of wood, drawm by the 
 longest teams of oxen, to Middle Haddam for shipment to 
 New York, before our townsman Richmond, of Scranton, and 
 his friends shipped their " black diamonds " to New York so 
 freely, and killed the business. Where are those teams now, 
 those cattle on a thousand hills? Alas! now 'tis almost a 
 thousand hills to a cattle. 
 
 If hotels had always kept a register of people stopping 
 with them, even though it were but for a meal and the toddy
 
 REMINISCENCES. 59 
 
 of the fathers, then from some closet, or the ckingeon '* next 
 the roof of our Ancient Inn,'' might be brought the names of 
 many prominent men who have stopped tliere for a meal, as 
 they journeyed by stage or otherwise between our Capitol City 
 and the City of Whalers on the Sound. I have heard a man 
 who saw them at the table say that two presidents, Monroe and 
 Jackson, have stopped there to dine. One day, when the town 
 officials were holding a session at my father's house, word came 
 that President Jackson was " having dinner at the tavern." 
 One moved a recess and a short call on the President of the 
 United States ; another objected, saying he " would not go a 
 rod to see that old rascal." Party feeling ran high in those 
 days. Our historian says that Gen. Washington is reported 
 to have passed through this town on his way from Middletown 
 to Lebanon. If he ever did he would have received as royal 
 a welcome as once on a solitary ride to Lebanon. "A boy who 
 had heard that General Washington was to pass that way went 
 out to meet him, as he supposed at the head of his army. In- 
 stead of that, he met a man alone on horseback, of whom he 
 inquired if General Washington was coming. The general re- 
 plied ' I am the man.' In astonishment the boy, not knowing 
 what to do or say, pulled off his hat and with great violence 
 threw it at the feet of the horse, running back at the same time, 
 at full speed, and crying at the top of his voice, ' God Al- 
 mighty bless your Majesty! 
 
 Of the eleven pastors mentioned in " Historical Notes " in 
 the Church Manual, that of the Rev. Hiram Bell is the first of 
 my acquaintance, an estimable man, and always a welcome 
 guest at my father's house. From what I can learn, I think 
 that his immediate predecessor, Rev. Chauncey Lee, D.D., who 
 came from Colebrook, Conn., was the most distinguished as a 
 preacher, and an author of some repute, writing theological 
 books and school books — an arithmetic, " The American Ac- 
 comptant," 1797. He also was a noted wit, which quality was 
 often used to good advantage. For some years prior to his 
 coming here a flourishing Bachelors' Club had existed, its mem- 
 bers belonging in this and surrounding towns. On the occa- 
 sion of their annual meeting and banciuet, they were accustomed 
 to having an address from some prominent speaker. Dr. Lee 
 was invited to speak at what proved to be their last annual
 
 6o MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 meeting'. For this occasion he wrote a poem, which was so 
 complete in its description of the lonely, incomplete life of a 
 bachelor, and his wit was so incisive, that they soon disbanded, 
 and many of them songht comfort in matrimony. I can recall 
 only two lines, and am now. unable to find anyone who remem- 
 bers more : 
 
 And these bachelors, they have no heart withhi, 
 But one enormous gizzard. 
 
 Dr. Lee was also a good workman with edge tools, as this 
 specimen, carved by him, with only a pocket knife, from a stick 
 of maple, wall testify. He made it while boarding with my 
 father, and gave it to him. The clergy have no use for such 
 thing's now, so I will tell you what it is, if you will not tell any- 
 one. It is a toddy stick and sugar spoon combined. 
 
 At the time of the boarding of Dr. Lee and wife at my 
 father's house, the ministers held their ministers' meeting there. 
 He set the decanters and glasses on a sideboard, as was the cus- 
 tom in those days. The last time he set them on, and soon after 
 the doors were closed that the clergy might be alone, he heard 
 a vigorous pounding on the table. Entering the room he be- 
 held the reverend moderator standing beside the table, and, 
 with majestic sweep of the hand and solemn tone, exclaiming: 
 "Capt. Talcott, take these things hence, take them hence, and 
 set them out no more for us." 
 
 CHURCH BUILDINGS. 
 
 The first building was, to my youthful eyes, a great struct- 
 ure — two stories high, nearly square, two rows of large win- 
 dows of many small lights, with a false semi-circular window in 
 the front peak, painted black. The great, round-topped win- 
 dow, about in the center on the north side, with narrow and 
 shorter windows, one on each side and close to it, and back of 
 the high pulpit, gave light to the minister's page, cooled his back 
 in winter, and glared with blinding effect on my eyes, as we sat 
 directly in front, and looked up at the minister. 
 
 Intentions of marriage were required by statute law to be 
 published from the pulpit Sundays previous to the mar- 
 
 riage, or by notice on the public signpost weeks pre- 
 
 vious.
 
 REMINISCENCES. 6l 
 
 On one occasion a prominent citizen was married on Sat- 
 urday evening. On Sunday he introduced his new wife at 
 church to the people as he met them. A magistrate notified 
 the groom that he was hable to prosecution for not having 
 compHed with the law in giving public notice. The groom 
 contended that he had. The magistrate was finally satisfied 
 by being led to the signpost and shown the notice, which was 
 written in very small letters on white paper, and pasted on to 
 the white signpost with white wafers. It had escaped all ob- 
 servation. 
 
 There were large double doors on the east, south, and west 
 sides. The exterior gave evidence of sometime having been 
 painted white. There was no steeple and no bell. The ancient 
 style of square pew was in use, and in former times the people 
 were seated bv a committee according to their rank and dignity. 
 (I am told that the last church in Xew England to give up 
 that custom of seating was in Norfolk, Conn., between 1870 
 and 1876.) Then the seniors all sat below, the children in the 
 galleries, and families not together. These galleries extended 
 around the three sides of the house. The good people, with 
 proper regard for their feet, brought foot stoves, which were 
 filled with live coals from the houses of the neighbors, or from 
 the big, square stove at the west end of the house, near the en- 
 trance. I can now almost hear the clang of that stove door, 
 as it opened and closed when they wanted more hot coals. 
 There being no chimney when the house was built, the stove 
 was put in many years later, and the pipe was carried out 
 through the window. I have clear recollections of having to 
 sit near the wood-pile one winter, and how my ears and coat 
 sleeves were warmed by the paternal squeeze because I made 
 too much noise with the wood. 
 
 For some years after the frame was covered the attendants 
 sat on benches and in chairs. The plastering and square pews 
 and galleries were added as the people prospered, and as " the 
 first shall be last " it was finished by laying the foundation 
 stones last, replacing the temporary walls and piers on which 
 it had so long rested. Begun in 1749 and finished in 1803; 
 fifty-four years in building. Herod's Temple was forty-six 
 years.
 
 62 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 As you enter the room beneath this, on the south side, you 
 will pass through the same door, latch, hinges, and all, that 
 served at the entrance on the south side of the old house. Win- 
 dows from the old house admit the light ; in front, the desk 
 and paneled railing from the old house ; and over the center, 
 attached to the ceiling, the bottom of the ancient sounding 
 board, which served to send the preacher's voice down into the 
 ears of the hearers instead of going straight upward, out of the 
 hearing of the worshipers. Around the room on the sides, be- 
 low the windows, the ancient panel work or wainscoting, and 
 through the room supporting the floor of this, the posts or 
 pillars which supported the galleries of the old house. 
 
 I remember my father insisting that the lower room, or 
 basement, should be finished with material from the old house. 
 He did not wish to see anything new in it. 
 
 This building, the second on this spot, has more of interest 
 to me than the first one, because of my father's interest in it ; 
 not a member of the church, but an active, zealous worker in 
 the society. Mr. Truesdale, the builder, spent much time at 
 my father's house, working and consulting with him on the 
 plans and specifications for it. Such was his activity that he 
 seemed to me to be the chief man in it. 
 
 The day of the raising of the frame was a great day here, 
 and then the feast for the workers which followed. The tables 
 were set on the lawn of the parsonage, the house next north 
 of the old burying ground, and they were loaded with eatables, 
 furnished by the good women of this parish, and their labors 
 and interest in the whole work should not be forgotten. Such 
 raisings and such feasts following them are not seen now. I 
 have a faint recollection of the starting of my father and others, 
 with their teams, for Chicopee to bring home the church bell, 
 which was to notify the people that Pastor Bell was ready to 
 proclaim glad tidings to all. Also the arrival home, late Sat- 
 urday evening, and then next morning going out to the great 
 barn to see the doors wide open, the bell suspended by rope 
 and tackle from the timbers overhead, and the tolling thereof, 
 to let the people know that Marlborough Church had a bell ; 
 and, as Thomas Hood said when a death occurred, " they told 
 the sexton and the sexton tolled the bell."
 
 REMINISCENCES. 
 
 63 
 
 In regard to the old edifice, Rev. Mr. Bell, in " Historic 
 Notes," Church Manual, says : 
 
 The old house having become cold, uncomfortable, and unpleasant 
 as a house of worship, there was an increasing desire for several years 
 in the minds of a great part of the society to erect a new house. But 
 no efificient action was taken in reference to it till January, 1841, when 
 Captain Moseley Talcott drew up a subscription paper, and, by a great 
 and praiseworthy perseverance, assisted by some others, amidst many 
 ■discouragements, was successful in obtaining subscriptions sufficient to 
 warrant the undertaking. 
 
 About a ye'ar from the time the paper was circulated the new edifice 
 was an accomplished fact, at an approximate cost of $2,600. 
 
 It was dedicated March 16, 1842. 
 
 I have brought with me today the original contract for all 
 above the basement story, of date April 9, 1841, signed by 
 Augustus Truesdale on the one part, and Moseley Talcott, 
 Wm. Phelps, Alvan Northam, Augustus Blish, and E. B. 
 Watkinson, society committee, of the other part, in which Mr. 
 Truesdale " agrees to build a meeting house, on the site of the 
 old house, or within two rods thereof, according to the an- 
 nexed specifications, for $2,600.00, to be completed by the 30th 
 day of November next." 
 
 I have also brought with me my father's account as treas- 
 urer of the building committee, which gives the cost of this 
 buildinsf : 
 
 Truesdale contract, 
 
 Extra work on the dome, tinning, gilding, etc., also or 
 
 other parts of the building, 
 Furniture and carpet, . 
 Expenses on basement. 
 Expenses on bell. 
 Interest on cash advanced to date, 
 Loss on broken bank bill. 
 
 $2,600.00 
 
 105.78 
 122.00 
 621.03 
 
 352.73 
 
 30.00 
 
 4.38 
 
 
 
 $3,835.92 
 
 
 RECEIPTS. 
 
 
 Subscriptions for the house, 
 
 
 $2,607.68 
 
 Lumber sold, . 
 
 
 74-00 
 
 Mortar, 
 
 
 566 
 
 Subscriptions for the bell. 
 
 
 365.00 
 
 Ladies' Sewing Society, 
 
 
 122.00 
 
 Balance to be provided for, . 
 
 
 661.58 
 
 $3,83592
 
 64 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 Which account was audited and approved by the building 
 committee October 19, 1842. In i860 the entire interior was re- 
 modeled, gallery closed up, and as I look up to where the gal- 
 lery was. I miss the familiar face of the chorister, David Phelps, 
 and others. Also Sherman C. Lord, with his big bass viol, and 
 the jarring of the seat beneath me. as he played on the low 
 notes and struck the chord of the woodwork around. I still 
 have my first Xew England Primer, given me when I was 
 four years old, my name written on the front cover by my 
 father in a plain, round hand, and remember how I used to 
 look at the picture on the outside of the cover, of a church, and 
 a family of father, mother, and four children, book in hand, 
 entering the church, and the verse printed beneath the picture : 
 
 When to the House of God we go. 
 To hear His word and sing His love. 
 We ought to worship Him below 
 As saints and angels do above. 
 
 And, reading it, I wondered if the singers in the loft above were 
 the " saints and angels " referred to. 
 
 This desk and platform take the place of the original pul- 
 pit and table, which were made in the Doric style, painted 
 white and marbleized. One of my schoolmates said, when he 
 first saw it, " The white paint looks as if it had been smoked 
 with a candle." 
 
 I was glad to see that old Doric pulpit in the room below, 
 this morning".
 
 ADDRESS BY MR. DAVID SKINNER BIGELOW, 
 COLCHESTER. 
 
 Brethren and Friends: 
 
 Appropriate words to use in addressing this gathering 
 caused some hesitation till I read the following extract from 
 the Chicago Herald: 
 
 During eight centuries one's direct ancestors amount to a greater 
 number than would at first be contemplated. Three generations to a 
 century, one has father and mother (2), grandparents (4), great-grand- 
 parents (8). At the end of the second century the number of ancestors 
 springs to 64. Following the calculation, you will find that at the end 
 of eight centuries one is descended from no less than 16,000,000 an- 
 cestors. Intermarriages, of course, would reduce this estimate, and 
 there is no doubt it must have largely prevailed. But the figures are 
 so enormous that, in spite of all, a writer ventures to suggest that the 
 words " all 3'e are brethren " are literally true. 
 
 It 'is really pleasant to find one's self in the company of the 
 sons and daughters of those who lived their lives on the hard 
 and narrow, but lofty, lines and principles of pioneers, patriots, 
 and Christians. 
 
 The first settlers of Marlborough were clear, cool, consist- 
 ent, stable men, of mature opinions, of large and fair views. 
 They were rare men, men of comprehensive, exact, liberal, 
 regulated minds. 
 
 We are informed that in the early part of the nineteenth 
 centurv more strong-minded men came to the legislature from 
 Marlborough than from any other town of its size in the state. 
 
 Some of the first settlers were Puritans, and had all the 
 religious earnestness of their age. Some were educated men, 
 graduates of Harvard and Yale, and stood high in the estima- 
 tion of the community, as regards education, talents, and in- 
 tegrity. 
 
 5
 
 66 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 An ancient writer (perhaps with prophetic ken looking 
 down the centuries) describes such women as our maternal 
 ancestors were as follows : 
 
 A worthy woman who can find? For her price is far above rubies. 
 The heart of her husband trusteth in her, and he shall have no lack of 
 gain. She doeth him good, and not evil, all the days of her life. She 
 seeketh wool and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands. She is 
 like the merchant ships ; she bringeth her food from afar. She riseth 
 also while it is yet night, and giveth food to her household, and their 
 task to her maidens. She considereth a field, and buyeth it ; with the 
 fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard. She girdeth her loins with 
 strength, and maketh strong her arms. She perceiveth that her mer- 
 chandize is profitable ; her lamp goeth not out by night. She layeth 
 her hands to the distaff, and her hands hold the spindle. She spreadeth 
 out her hand to the poor; yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy. 
 She is not afraid of the snow for her household, for all of her house- 
 hold are clothed with scarlet. She maketh for herself carpets of tapes- 
 try ; her clothing is fine linen and purple. Her husband is known in the 
 gates, when he sitteth among the elders of the land. She maketh linen 
 garments and selleth them; and delivereth girdles unto the merchant. 
 Strength and dignity are her clothing; and she laugheth at the time to 
 come. She openeth her mouth with wisdom; and the law of kindness 
 is on her tongue. She looketh well to the ways of her household, and 
 eateth not the bread of idleness. Her children rise up and call her 
 blessed; her husband, also, and he praiseth her, saying: many daugh- 
 ters have done worthily, but thou excellest them all. Grace is deceitful, 
 and beauty is vain ; but a woman that feareth Jehovah, she shall be 
 praised. Give her of the fruit of her hands ; and let her works praise 
 her in the gates. 
 
 The wheels on which the thread and yarn were spun, the 
 looms in which the linen and flannel were woven, may still be 
 found in many homes, more highly prized as heirlooms and 
 souvenirs than silver or gold. 
 
 A century lies between us and the times of the noble men 
 and women of 1803 ; but that century is well bridged by two 
 men born in the early part of the nineteenth century, who have 
 been efficient helpers in making that century more remarkable 
 than any other for the progress made in religion, education, 
 wealth, science, art. literature, invention, and today honor us 
 by their presence as presiding officers of this- centennial gather- 
 ing. They well illustrate a remark of Oliver Wendell Holmes : 
 " The best time to commence the training of a child is an 
 hundred vears before it is born."
 
 EARLY SETTLERS OF THE TOWN. 6/ 
 
 A distinguished lawgiver and prophet said : " The days of 
 our years are three-score years and ten, or even by reason of 
 strength fourscore years ; yet is their pride but labor and 
 sorrow.'' It is our exalted privilege to see two notable ex- 
 ceptions to this remark, and hope to hear from them words 
 that shall be " like apples of gold in network of silver." 
 
 The worthy men and women of 1803 have gone to their 
 rest, and their descendants are now scattered widely over this 
 broad land. Most of them have preserved respectable and 
 useful positions in their several communities, and some have 
 won great distinction. We lament that the silence of oblivion 
 buries so many important events and incidents that might 
 prove most interesting to us if we could rescue them from the 
 past. Many useful and happy lives have glided tranquilly 
 awav leaving little trace behind. 
 
 Mr. Bigelow was unable, on account of impaired health, to 
 complete his genealogy of the Skinner, Lord, and Bigelow fami- 
 Hes, but it is hoped they may be completed and published, with 
 other valuable material of interest to the town, at a later date.
 
 ADDRESS BY REV. DR. SAMUEL HART, 
 
 President of the Connecticut Historical Society. 
 
 It is a pleasure to present today to the good people of Marl- 
 borough the greetings of the Connecticut Historical Society, 
 and to assttre them of the interest which is taken in this com- 
 memoration. The recurrent anniversaries, as they have been 
 carefully observed of late years, are bringing before us the 
 history of the several parts of our colony and state. The older 
 towns, with their quartermillennials, those which followed after, 
 with their bicentennials, and others yet, like your town, the 
 separate organization of which dates but a centttry back — 
 each in its place is helping tis to understand and to appre- 
 ciate the circumstances of the life of former days and to know 
 how duty was learned and character molded in the days of our 
 ancestors. The old towns began the state, or, as some would 
 prefer to say, began with the state ; and then one after another 
 came new settlements, until the whole of the territory was occu- 
 pied. This was the work of early days, and many a pleasant 
 and instructive picture of it has been drawn as. one after 
 anotlier, the towns have grown to be two centuries or two 
 centuries and a half old. This town was formed a hundred 
 years ago, but the three towns, in three different counties, 
 which contributed to it, had already seen respectively a hun- 
 dred and thirteen, a hundred and two, and ninety-nine years of 
 history. The new settlement, and others like it, witnessed to 
 neighborliness, and to the desire for more ready attendance on 
 the worship of God, for better school privileges, and for a 
 reasonable independence in civil organization. But the in- 
 habitants did not seek isolation ; they were making, with the 
 approval and by the authority of the superior government, a 
 new unit in the body politic. The question of small towns as 
 against large towns (with possibly smaller societies within
 
 ADDRESS AND GREETINGS. 69 
 
 them) was a different question then from that which causes 
 so much anxiety to thoughtful men now ; a new hfe came to 
 3-our forefathers of a hundred years ago, and thev adapted 
 themselves to it ; we live under changed circumstances, and we 
 cannot yet tell how to adapt ourselves to an order of things 
 which lias not found its lasting shape. But it is fortunate 
 that we may be interested in history without attempting to be 
 prophets, or even without determining how or when historv 
 shall repeat itself. And these anniversaries are re-enacting 
 history before our eyes and recalling it to our memories ; they 
 are reminding an older and teaching a younger generation, or 
 rather, as in few places they are less than half a century apart, 
 they are teaching in dift'erent ways two or three generations. 
 
 Every town and village has a real history, with a real 
 reason for it, which is much more than a bare record of annals 
 or of the succession of events. To the knowledge of this his- 
 tory many valuable contributions have been made by the re- 
 peated investigations, the discoveries and rediscoveries, the 
 rehearsings and re-rehearsings of events and facts. But, great 
 as is the importance of this, the cherishing of the historic spirit 
 is of no less value. What was done in New Haven by Dr. 
 Bacon, in Middletown by Dr. Field, in Hartford by those who 
 wrote for Dr. Trumbull, and in Saybrook and Guilford by 
 local historians, and what has been done in preparation for this 
 commemoration, has added to our stores of historical in- 
 formation ; but besides this, and as a valuable result of this. 
 it has added to our intelligent interest in affairs, and thus to 
 our happiness. We may well expect far-reaching results from 
 what is said and done here today. 
 
 But to attain good results we must make good use of the 
 means which lie at hand. The new generation should be 
 trained to a full acquaintance with places and boundaries, with 
 facts and traditions, with men and women, and should be taught 
 to search for the traces of the past and to remember them. 
 And we must have thought for those who will look back on 
 this anniversary as matter of history. Nothing can be of more 
 importance in our case for those who are to come after us, in 
 matters of this kind, than that we care for the inscriptions in 
 our burving grounds, and that we leave records, carefully
 
 70 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 made, and Avritten with permanent ink on imperishable paper ; 
 and if one looks for encouragement or for warning in this 
 latter particular, they can be found in every official volume of 
 manuscript and on every signpost. It is a most imperative 
 duty to keep and to guard original documents ; and every town 
 or village library should make it a duty, and a willing duty, to 
 preserve everything, however insignificant, which can in any- 
 way throw light on historical events, no matter how trivial 
 they seem at the time, or on manners and customs which mark 
 the life of the day. A century seems a long time when com- 
 pared with the average length of human life ; but a century 
 soon passes away. We turn our thoughts to the organization 
 of this town, and recall the men of three generations ago ; it will 
 not be long, though possibly the time may be crowded with mo- 
 mentous events, before we shall be objects of antiquarian 
 interest, and those who come after us will wonder at the vestiges 
 which we have left. 
 
 As we look back on the past, or forward to the future, in 
 any place and any community, we cannot but recognize the 
 great and enduring power of character. It sometimes seems 
 that the small community feels more quickly and holds more 
 tenaciously to this influence than does the larger community 
 or the more crowded assemblage of men ; certainly where there 
 are but few, and each man's life is of necessity known to all his 
 neighbors, the value of character and the influence of character 
 cannot but make themselves felt, and therefore they impose a 
 great responsibility. 
 
 Xot to speak of other considerations, though they cannot 
 but come to the mind of a clergyman in a place of public wor- 
 ship, it is the duty of every grown-up man and woman, for the 
 sake of the community, to take an active part in the mainte- 
 nance of churches and schools, to foster neighborliness, to see 
 to it that there is, both in themselves and in younger persons 
 whom they can influence, an intelligent acquaintance with the 
 affairs of the world and a respect for the power of intelli- 
 gence. There are great possibilities in a true country life ; and 
 may the time never cease when we can look to our rural com- 
 munities for examples of high character and of usefulness to 
 the commonwealth !
 
 INTRODUCTION OF HON. JOHN BIGELOW. %t 
 
 Mr. William H. Richmond, in introducing Mr. Bigelow, 
 said : 
 
 ■ Our distinguished guest, of national and state reputation, 
 does not, I believe, claim Marlborough as his native place, but 
 his father did, and in early life migrated to the state of New 
 York and settled at Saugerties, about lOO miles up the Hudson 
 River from the city of New York. There he found the Esopus 
 Dutch, whose ancestors were Hollanders, and commenced a 
 business life after some experience in Connecticut. He was a 
 successful and a prominent business man, affording his chil- 
 dren the best opportunities for education, and this son was in 
 due time graduated at Union College in 1835. He studied law, 
 and was associated with some of the most noted lawyers in the 
 city of New York, and early became known as a writer on con- 
 stitutional reform, contributor to prominent newspapers, and 
 holder of important elective and appointive offices in the state, 
 notedly the appointment by Governor Silas Wright in 1844 as 
 one of the state prison inspectors. The third annual report 
 showed that under faithful and efficient management Sing 
 Sing prison had become nearly self-sustaining. Mr. Bigelow 
 at this time had become much interested in political affairs, 
 and about 1850 became owner with the late William Cullen 
 Bryant in publishing the New York Evening Post, and for a- 
 decade or more that journal under his management exerted 
 great influence in state and national affairs, and does at this 
 time. 
 
 About 1861 or 1862 President Lincoln appointed Mr. Bige- 
 low consul to Paris, and in 1865 he succeeded Hon. William 
 L. Dayton as minister plenipotentiary to the empire of France. 
 During his stay abroad his pen and influence were always active 
 in promoting the interests of the United States, and the country 
 gave him great credit by honoring him in many ways. When 
 he was to retire from his diplomatic charge to the French 
 government, the authorities at Paris tendered him a farewell 
 dinner at the Hotel Grand, and this honor fell to him as the 
 first one ever paid to an American diplomat at any court. 
 
 Since his return, after spending some years in Germany 
 and other continental countries in about 1875, Mr. Bigelow has 
 been active in state affairs and in literary work, publishing
 
 72 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 many works, and is now president of the New York Public 
 Library Association, to which the bequests of Astor, Lenox, 
 and Tilden are the foundation. The most elaborate library 
 building is now being erected in Bryant Park, Forty-second 
 Street, Xew York, which when completed will perhaps excel 
 in appointments the L'nited States government library building 
 at Washington, D. C. With all these activities and honors, 
 and since 1817, he appears before you as one who is able and 
 will for a long time exert his activities for the welfare of his 
 country. 
 
 It gives me pleasure to present Hon. John Bigelow of the 
 citv of Xew York.
 
 HON. JOHN BIGELOW.
 
 ADDRESS BY HON. JOHN BIGELOW, 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Air. Bigelow expressed his surprise at Air. Richmond's 
 introduction, and said : 
 
 Fcllozi' Citizens, Friends, Cousi)is, Uncles, Aunts, Nieces, etc.: 
 
 When I read a few days since, in one of the pubhc prints, 
 that I was to dehver an " address " here today, I was re- 
 minded of an incident occurring in the early days of the re- 
 pubHc, which will serve in a measure to explain my present 
 embarrassment. 
 
 A family of emigrants from the East — from Alarlborough, 
 for aught I know, for Marlborough seems, like Scotland, to 
 have always been regarded as a good place to emigrate from — 
 arrived one day at a roadside inn on their way in quest of a 
 new home in the virgin soil of the Great West, in which " to 
 grow up with the countrx." While the only effective man of 
 the party was preparing dinner for his horses, the keeper of the 
 hostel was taking an inventory of the contents of the prairie 
 schooner which the horses had brought to his door. After 
 noting a wife, two or three children, bedding for the crowd, 
 agricultural implements, carpenters' tools, a few pieces of fur- 
 niture, finally, in the farthest corner, he discovered a decrepit 
 old man who seemed likely to reach a new home in the skies 
 before he could reach one in the wilderness toward which he 
 was traveling. \\'hen the pul^lican's eyes fell on hiiu, he ex- 
 claimed to the driver of the team : 
 
 " W^hat on airth are you going to do with this old man out 
 in the per-ai-er-ie ? " 
 
 "What, that old man?" was the reply; "why, he is our 
 great card ; we are going to open our new cemet'ry with him." 
 
 I suppose any of you can appreciate better than 1 the humor 
 disguised in this one of the varieties of ways in which an old 
 man mav be made useful to the last.
 
 74 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 Knowing- as we all do what an address is understood to 
 signify to any New England audience, you should hardly have 
 expected any thing of that sort from one of my age. Besides, 
 we are not assembled today to open a new cemetery, for you 
 have here already a venerable repository for the dead in which 
 are reposing the mortal remains of more than five generations of 
 your kinspeople and neighbors. Instead of opening a new- 
 cemetery, we are here today to open that old one, and to invite 
 the immortal spirits of those whose mortal remains are lying 
 there, to be with us, to refresh and strengthen us by the remem- 
 brance of their virtues, and of the numberless communities in 
 all quarters of the globe impregnated by their example. 
 
 These revelations will be delivered to you by the various 
 speakers, whom it will presently be my privilege to introduce 
 to you. Before taking my seat, however, I may as well make 
 what little farther contribution to the exercises of this occasion 
 can reasonably be expected from one not to the manner born. 
 I will allow myself to say a few words about the only native of 
 Marlborough I can pretend to have ever personally known since 
 I was seven or eight years of age, until a few hours visit here 
 a year ago. 
 
 My father, Asa Bigelow, was born in this town on the i8th 
 of January, 1779, and died on the 12th of February, 1850, at 
 Maiden, in his seventy-first year. On the 18th of February. 
 1802, he was married to Lucy Isham, of Colchester, Conn., by 
 the Reverend Salmon Cone ; she in her twenty-second and he 
 in his twenty-third year. 
 
 My father had three brothers and three sisters. Of these, 
 my namesake, John D., who lived to the goodly age of a 
 century, and his brother Isaac, lived and died in Marlborough. 
 David settled in Vermont and Erastus in Union Village, Wash- 
 ington Co., New York. One of the sisters married John 
 Sears, a Baptist clergyman, and moved to western New York ; 
 the other two sisters were settled in this town and are repre- 
 sented here today by their offspring. 
 
 My father soon after his marriage migrated to what is now 
 known as the town of Saugerties, then an obscvu-e village 
 near the banks of the Hudson River, on what was known in 
 my youth as the Sawyers' Creek, where to a general country
 
 ADDRESS BY HON. JOHN BIGELOW. 75 
 
 store he added the business of freighting and forwarding the 
 produce of the neighborhood to New York. He secured the 
 first post-office service for the village of Saugerties, and was 
 himself its first postmaster. He was appointed by President 
 Jefferson. 
 
 In 1808 he joined his father-in-law, Samuel Isham, in pur- 
 chasing 200 acres of land lying directly on the Xorth River, 
 •for which they paid $6,000, and built a frame store on it. 
 Between 1807 and 181 1 he sold his property in the village of 
 Saugerties, and in 181 3 moved with his family on to his new 
 purchase, and practically, with his father-in-law, laid the foun- 
 dations of the village called Bristol. The name some ten 
 years later was changed to Maiden, when on application for a 
 post-office there by my father it was objected that there was a 
 Bristol office in our state already. j\Iy father's clerk, Mr. 
 Calkins, was appointed the first postmaster in Alalden, by 
 President John Quincy Adams. 
 
 In Bristol my father pursued his mercantile and forwarding 
 business in partnership with his father-in-law until i8r8, when 
 he handed that business over to his father-in-law and his 
 brothers-in-law, Charles and Giles Isham, and he established 
 himself in the same business on some property a quarter of a 
 mile farther north, and built a stone store, which is still stand- 
 ing, and which has been occupied since he retired from business 
 as the office of the Bigelow Blue Stone Company. 
 
 His motives for leaving Saugerties were of a character 
 which perhaps this is not an unsuitable occasion for me to dwell 
 upon a little. 
 
 In the first place, the Saugerties Creek, in and out of which 
 his sloops had to pass, was very much obstructed by sand 
 banks that were always changing. The modern taste for 
 river and harbor improvements had not yet been developed 
 at Washington, and my father concluded that the business he 
 was trving to conduct required better facilities than he had, 
 and that thev were to be found on the banks of the river at 
 Bristol, where the water was always deep enough for the 
 largest river boats. But it is doubtful if he would for that 
 motive alone have abandoned Saugerties. 
 
 Between the years 1790 and 1800 Captain Andrew Brink
 
 ']6 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 of Saugerties had built what was, for those days, a large 
 sloop, which he named, after a favorite sister, the Maria. 
 The captain's father had many years before established a scow 
 ferry across the river, from his door at the mouth of the 
 Saugerties Creek to Chancellor Livingston's house nearly 
 opposite : and when he had built his new sloop he immediately 
 secured from the chancellor the transportation of the products 
 of his manor to market. During the ten years that Captain 
 Brink sailed the Maria, Livingston was a frequent passenger. 
 He had been experimenting with steam before he went as 
 minister to France in 1801, and while there had been interested 
 in the little steamboat that Robert Fulton had put on the Seine 
 in 1804, but which had broken down. The men became very 
 intimate, and Fulton later married a niece of the chancellor. 
 Thus he came to be a friend and welcome guest at Clermont, 
 the home of Livingston. In the cabin of the Maria the chan- 
 cellor and Fulton often discussed the problem of steam naviga- 
 tion as a more reliable power than the wind, and Captain Brink, 
 as a practical navigator, was admitted to their councils. 
 
 It was finally decided that they should make a new attempt 
 to solve the problem of steam navigation. Livingston was to 
 furnish the capital, Fulton was to obtain from Scotland a Watts 
 engine of twenty horse power with a copper boiler, and direct 
 the construction of the boat, while Brink was to furnish such 
 practical details as would insure the kind of vessel suited to the 
 navigation of the Hudson. 
 
 The latter part of the year 1806, and until the summer of 
 1807, was- occupied by the contrivance of this boat and the 
 engines. On the morning of the 3d of August, 1807, and only 
 four years after the event we are celebrating today, the new 
 boat with its copper boiler bubbling and hissing lay at a pier 
 in the North River — a long, narrow vessel with two masts for 
 sails, a low cabin on each side of the deck, a revolving wheel 
 on either side with ten paddles, uncovered. On the pier a 
 jeering crowd of spectators were exchanging cheap witticisms 
 with each other at the expense of Fulton and his associates. 
 When the order came to start, and they saw the wheels begin 
 to turn and the boat to move away up the river, they began to 
 realize that the joke was neither on Fulton nor his captain.
 
 ADDRESS BY HON. JOHN BIGELOW. 7/ 
 
 Fulton's boat, named the Clermont, after the chancellor's 
 residence on the Hudson, left New York at one o'clock in the 
 afternoon of Monday, August 3d, and reached Clermont at 
 one o'clock on Tuesday. The no miles had been covered in 
 just twenty-four hours. 
 
 Fulton went ashore to spend the night with Livingston, 
 while Captain Brink went to his father's on the opposite bank 
 at Saugerties to redeem a promise he had made his wife. She 
 had been in the habit of laughing at his enthusiasm about s liling 
 to Albany by steam, but he replied to her that he would soon go 
 to Albany in command of a steamboat, and stop there and take 
 her along with him. Her reply was : " When I see vou and 
 Mr. Fulton driving a boat with a tea-kettle I will believe it." 
 The captain kept his promise, and took his wife with him the 
 next day to Albany, where he arrived at four in the afternoon 
 on the first steamer that ever vexed the waters of the Hudson. 
 
 In October of that year the Clermont was put on the river 
 as a regular liner, the first, I believe, in the world, for com- 
 mercial purposes, and was advertised to sail from Paulus' 
 Hook Ferry, a point now familiar to New Yorkers as the foot 
 of Courtland Street. 
 
 Benjamin Mycr Brink, a descendant of the captain of the 
 Maria, has now in his possession the letter in which Robert 
 Fulton, the captain of the Clermont, gave instructions in regard 
 to the way in which the new vessel was to be managed. I quote 
 it at length here, both for its peculiar interest and because I 
 may safely assume that none of my hearers has ever seen it. 
 
 New York, Oct. g, 1807. 
 Capt. Brink ; — 
 
 Sir — Inclosed is the number of voyages which is intended tlic Boat 
 should run this season. You may have them published in the Albany 
 papers. 
 
 As she is strongly mann'd and every one except Jackson under your 
 command, you must insist on each one doing his duty or turn him on 
 shore and put another in his place. Everything must be kept in order, 
 everything in its place, and all parts of the Boat scoured and clean. It 
 is not sufficient to tell men to do a thing, but stand over them and make 
 them do it. One pair of quick and good eyes is worth six pair of hands 
 in a commander. If the Boat is dirty and out of order the fault shall 
 be yours. Let no man be Idle when there is the least thing to do and 
 make them move quick.
 
 78 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 Run no risques of any kind when you meet or overtake vessels beat- 
 ing or crossing your way. Always run under their stern if there be the 
 least doubt that you cannot clear their head by 50 yards or more. Give 
 in the accounts of Receipts and expenses every week to the Chancellor. 
 Your Most Obedient 
 
 Robt. Fulton. 
 
 My only excuse for dwelling at such length upon an event, 
 memorable as it was, which has no apparent connection with 
 Marlborough, is to do justice to the sagacity and foresight of 
 my father, in transferring his business interests and household 
 goods to Bristol on the banks of the Hudson, where he se- 
 cured a deep-water harbor, within a year after the Clermont 
 had demonstrated to the world that steam and not wind was 
 the Neptune which future navigators were destined to wor- 
 ship, and that for his business he nuist be established where 
 the steamers could land at his wharfs, which they soon did 
 and continued to do while he remained in business. 
 
 My father and the Ishams brought with them to Bristol a 
 fair proportion of the habits, the tastes, and the principles 
 which in those days were rather peculiar to New England. 
 They regarded the schoolhouse and the '' meeting-house " and 
 the Christian Sabbath, religiously discriminated by its use 
 from other days of the week, as among the first necessities in 
 a new settlement. They built the first schoolhouse in Bristol, 
 to which I owe decidedly the best part of my earlier edtication, 
 though I subseqtiently had the advantages of a high school and 
 two colleges. 
 
 The country about Bristol had been settled by a Palatine 
 colony from Holland. Early in the i8th century, and when 
 my father settled there, low Dutch was the prevailing lan- 
 guage in use. The nearest church to Bristol was at Katsban, 
 nearly two miles distant, and was the first house of worship 
 that I can remember to have ever entered. It was built of 
 stone, was then over a hundred years old, and is still standing 
 and used as a place of worship. The pastor, the Rev. Dr. 
 Ostrander, was a Lutheran, and preached usually in Dutch, 
 and every other Sunday in English. 
 
 As my parents and the Lshams were all trained in the 
 Presbyterian communion, they were not entirely satisfied with 
 Dominie Ostrander's theology, and still less with the necessity
 
 ADDRESS BY HON. JOHN BIGELOW. 79 
 
 of traveling- two miles to enjoy it. It was not many years 
 before they put their heads and purses together and built a very 
 pretty church and parsonage. To this my father added an 
 academy, which he placed in charge of a teacher also imported 
 from Connecticut. 
 
 ]\[y father was about six feet two inches high, of unusual 
 strength, and of exemplary habits. As early as 1824 he united 
 with his brothers-in-law in discontinuing the sale of intoxicat- 
 ing beverages at their stores or offering them to their guests. 
 At the same time they organized the first temperance society, 
 I believe, in the count}-. How much this movement dimin- 
 ished intemperance in the county of Ulster I cannot sav, but 
 it certainly did protect the younger generation of our village 
 irom the temptations to intemperance and its incidents to a 
 remarkable degree. 
 
 I visited Marlborough twice while in my teens, the first 
 time with both my parents and the second time with my father 
 alone, though I then met no one who, otherwise than in the 
 spirit, can be with us today.
 
 ADDRESS BY HON. WILLIAM H. RICHMOND, 
 OF SCRANTON, PA. 
 
 Ladies and Gciitleiucii, Fcllozc Citi::cns, and Guests of Marl- 
 borough: 
 
 In speaking to yon I can with propriety say fellow citizens, 
 as I was born in this town in 1821, but have been a citizen of 
 Pennsylvania more than sixty years, occasionally coming Iwre. 
 My father was William Wadsworth Richmond, son of John 
 Richmond, who was born in West Brookfield, Mass., in 1767, 
 and was married to Prudence Wadsworth of East Hartford, 
 sixth in lineal descent from William Wadsworth, who came 
 to Hartford with Rev. Hooker and the first settlers. They 
 were married in 1795, and the same year settled in the parish 
 of East Hampton, Conn. ; and Dr. Richmond was the only phy- 
 sician in a district of some eight to ten miles in area. 
 
 The house where he lived, and died in 1821, is now stand- 
 ing, just at the right of the Congregational Church in East 
 Hampton, and now appears the same as when I was a lad, with 
 the exception of a veranda on the front. The house, with 
 some alterations, where Dr. Field resides, some 500 feet dis- 
 tant, is the one located on the farm of my maternal grandfather, 
 Nathaniel Bailey, who was married to Rachael Sears. Na- 
 thaniel Bailey was the son of Joshua Bailey and Ann Foote, 
 the latter of the seventh generation from Nathaniel Foote, one 
 of the first settlers of Wethersfield, Conn., about 1636. My 
 father, soon after his marriage in 18 19, settled in Marlborough, 
 as a patron of Esq. Joel Foote, and resided in a cottage long 
 since gone, which stood at the junction of the New London 
 and Hartford turnpike where it crossed the north branch of 
 Salmon River. 
 
 ^ly father was a blacksmith, and his shops were connected 
 with a factory for making wagons, window blinds, and other
 
 HON. WILLIAM H. RICHMOND.
 
 ADDRESS BY HON. WILLIAM H. RICHMOND. 01 
 
 articles. This factory was managed b}' two men by the name 
 of Manwarring. These shops were located just below the saw- 
 fulling mills and cloth-dressing factory of Joel Foote, and the 
 water power derived from the same mill-dam. 
 
 About 1825 or 1826, my father, believing the location more 
 central, moved to what was called the Dean Farm, about three- 
 quarters of a mile below this church. The house is now gone, 
 and a smaller one is built on a part of the foundation, which 
 stands on the old town road just beyond the junction with the 
 turnpike where Mr. Lord now resides. 
 
 About this time David Kellogg was associated in business 
 with my father, under the firm name of Richmond & Kellogg. 
 They acquired the farms of Mr. Kellogg's father, near Jones 
 Street, and had a foundry wath blacksmithing shops. Part of 
 this foundry is now standing, back from the road at the foot 
 of this hill, and it obtained its water power by impounding the 
 water of the small stream that crosses the road at the foot of 
 this hill where we now are. 
 
 I remember that in 1831 or 1832 they had a contract with 
 the late Mr. Charles Parker of Meriden, Conn., a prominent 
 manufacturer, to make a quantity of castings for cofl:'ee mills, 
 and I once went with Mr. Kellogg, who managed the farms, 
 lumber, and transportation part of the business, to Meriden, 
 some twenty-five miles, when we had four pairs of cattle before 
 a large wagon loaded with castings, and wdien we returned, 
 purchased pig iron at ]\Jiddletown to bring home. This was 
 a journey of a week, and the longest in my history at that time. 
 About this date Marlborough was in a healthy and prosperous 
 condition as to business in general : two or three four-horse 
 post-coaches arriving each day at the hotel, to change teams on 
 the way to New London and Hartford with United States 
 mails east and west ; two cotton mills, among the first in this 
 country, in operation, I think, as early as 1810 to 1820; one 
 principal gunmaking factory that employed many hands, and 
 some' smaller shops tributary to the larger. The principal 
 owner of the gun factory was Col. Elisha Buell, who for many 
 years had been proprietor of the hotel where our friend Miss 
 Hall now has her summer home. Mr. Buell's son. Gen. Enos 
 H. Buell, succeeded him about 1825 or 1830, for some years, 
 6
 
 82 MARLBOROUGH CExNTENNIAL. 
 
 and afterwards dififerent persons, whom I could name, suc- 
 ceeded him as late as 1850. 
 
 Col. Elisha Buell was the first postmaster I can remember, 
 and the office came down in his family, and remained in it up 
 to the death of the daughter of Gen. Enos H. Buell, Mrs. 
 Edwin Warner, which occurred about five years ago. General 
 Buell and others, about 1830 to 1835, were often engaged in 
 buying horses and shipping them at Xew London to the West 
 Indies and other places. Droves of cattle and sheep used to 
 pass through the town, and their owners would buy such as 
 w^ere offered for sale. The ship timber, oak and hickory wood, 
 that was hauled over the Middletown and Hebron turnpike to 
 Middle Haddam up to and some time after 1837, brought 
 back to Marlborough large sums of money, as previous to this 
 date there were two shipyards at Aliddle Haddam and a number 
 of vessels built every year, some quite large ones. A large 
 amount of wood and chestnut rails were shipped to the city of 
 New York and Long Island, which about 1835 h^<i ^ popula- 
 tion of over 200,000 dependent on wood for all heating pur- 
 poses. The price of oak and hickory wood used to be six to 
 seven dollars a cord on dock at ]\Iiddle Haddam, and by the 
 time it was placed before the door of the Xew Yorker, and 
 sawed and split to proper sizes to use, it cost him twelve dol- 
 lars or more per cord, and it is counted as taking two cords, or 
 256 cubic feet, of wood to supply the number of heat units of a 
 ton of anthracite coal. Notwithstanding, now when the people 
 of New York and others can have a ton of anthracite coal put 
 in their coalbins for five or six dollars, they, through the news- 
 papers, abuse the hardworking coal operators and producers, 
 who expend large amounts of money in opening coal mines, 
 building coal breakers and railroads to produce the coal, and 
 call them by the euphonious name " Coal Barons." 
 
 A few months ago a large amount of enterprise was ex- 
 pended in telling the public how greatly the country was suffer- 
 ing by reason of the hard lot of the miners and laborers of the 
 anthracite coal districts. ]\Iany of the miners in the Wyoming 
 and Lackawanna fields own their own homes, as a result of 
 their prudence, good habits, and industry, and were able to live 
 six months while the anthracite coal interests were idle and
 
 ADDRESS BY HON. WILLIAM H. RICHMOND. 83 
 
 unproductive. Since production has been resumed, all users of 
 anthracite are quite willing to put in their coal early in the 
 season, and the result has been that coal at the rate of sixty 
 millions per annum has been produced this summer and about 
 three times the usual quantity in the summer season. 
 
 It was at Carbondale, Ea., in the year 1829, that the Dela- 
 ware & Hudson Canal Co. began mining anthracite coal. The 
 amount mined in that year was 7,000 tons. From Carbondale 
 it was shipped over the gravity railroad sixteen miles to Hones- 
 dale, then by canal one hundred and eight miles to the Hudson 
 River. 
 
 When I went to Pennsylvania in 1842, the amount of coal 
 mined at Carbondale had reached 200,000 tons. Up to this 
 date the whole production of anthracite in Schuylkill, Lehigh, 
 and Wyoming coal fields amounted to some eleven hundred 
 thousand tons. Now we are producing from these same fields 
 at the rate of sixty million tons per annum. The coal-mine 
 owner after sending a ton of coal from his land a hundred or 
 a thousand feet or more under the same surface cannot get 
 another ton from the same space ; what he has left is a vacuum. 
 But the tiller of the soil can get crop after crop with proper 
 culture. 
 
 Before 1850 or i860 little bituminous or soft coal had been 
 mined, and its value was little known ; now that is being mined 
 and used to the amount of 160,000,000 or 170,000,000 tons per 
 annum, and we mine the most coal of any nation. Marl- 
 borough, although she has no minerals that have been worked 
 at a profit, has a very substantial base, as is shown and seen 
 by all travelers. She has much good productive soil, and in 
 the early part of the last century the town was noted as pro- 
 ductive in agriculture. At this day, if her people would follow 
 the habits of industry of the early days, the fields here could 
 be made to produce largely. 
 
 Not long after 1830 it was thought that this country had 
 established the cotton manufacturing interests on a solid basis. 
 The subject of silk manufacturing was introduced, and with the 
 view, I suppose, of being entirely independent of France and 
 other continental countries — the silk worm and the mulberry 
 tree on which it feeds were introduced. I believe Connecticut
 
 84 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 and New Jersey were most interested of any of the states, and 
 many people of these states were engaged in raising a species 
 of mulberry {Monis iniilficaiilis) for feeding the worm to 
 produce silk, and with the view of producing the silks needed 
 by this countr}-. 
 
 The raising and speculating in these midberrv trees, which 
 in two or three years' growth attained a height of six or eight 
 feet or more, with large leaves, on which the worm could be 
 fed and make the cocoon from which the silk was reeled, had 
 become wonderfully attractive and speculative, so that in 1837, 
 when President Andrew Jackson caused the deposits to be re- 
 moved from the United States Bank, a most severe panic came 
 to the country. Persons who had fortunes made, as supposed, 
 in the production of the mulberry tree, and in silk manufactur- 
 ing, were prostrated financially, and there was no revival until 
 after the Henry Clay protective tariff bill, passed in the Con- 
 gress of 1 841 -2. Not till then did the people of this country 
 take courage and hope for more prosperous times, which came 
 slowly from this time, and there was no very severe panic again 
 until 1857. My father suffered financial reverses by reason of 
 the mulberry speculations and other causes, from which he 
 never recovered. He died early in 1843. 
 
 After a time the silk industry was revived in this state, and 
 you have now the Cheney Manufacturing Co., the largest in the 
 country, which dates back to the earliest days of the business ; 
 and I am told that through their friendly interest in this cele- 
 bration w^e witness their courtesies in the beautiful display of 
 drapery in this church. Now this country is producing silks 
 to the amount of fifty to sixty million dollars per annum, and, 
 I believe, more than half the quantity consumed. 
 
 Fifty years ago, or more, it was said of the Connecticut 
 Yankee that you would find him traveling anywhere in the 
 known world, and if not peddling clocks, he was soliciting 
 subscriptions to very instructive, useful books ; no book of 
 doubtful teachings, for he had been taught in his early days to 
 read the Bible in the public schools, as children should be in 
 this age. If you did not want his book he would just as soon 
 trade jackknives with you, if yours had a more elegant and 
 tasty handle. Should he happen to have in view the selection
 
 ADDRESS BY HON. WILLIAM H. RICHMOND. 55 
 
 of a wife, the first idea or inquiry would be : " Is she hand- 
 some? Is she a good cook?" He would not make the in- 
 quiry to learn if she had a good bank account, and interest 
 money enough coming to supply wood for the kitchen fire. 
 No, he could supply the wood and do the milking, unless he 
 had to go to the war, or had some urgent project he nu:st 
 follow. 
 
 Connecticut, though one of the smallest states in area in the 
 Union, has produced a large share of men who have gained 
 prominence in affairs of the country, and, when we follow the 
 migration west, it is found the important public improvements 
 have been promoted and guided by men from this state. Not- 
 ably northeastern Pennsylvania, the mining, iron, and steel 
 interests, and the building of railroads, all have had the benefit 
 of capital and of the experience of men from the eastern states. 
 A family of three or four sons, by name of Phelps, from Sims- 
 bury, Conn., were early in that section ; one, John Jay Phelps, 
 who, in 1840 or earlier, associated with Amos R. Eno, formerly 
 from Simsburv, or near there, was among the noted wholesale 
 drygoods merchants of the city of Ne^v York. Mr. Phelps (p 5 
 retiring as early as 1845, with William E. Dodge and others, 
 the late ]\toses Taylor, and the Scrantons from Connecticut; C> T 
 Col. George Seldon, Joseph H. and Mr. William Henry, were ^ 
 the men who developed the iron, steel, and coal interests about 
 Scranton, Pa., and built the Lackawanna & Western Railroad. 
 
 Later comes J. P. ^lorgan. born in Hartford, who in the 
 last two decades has led in many financial undertakings of note 
 as projector and underwriter, and the formation of a trust with 
 capital of a billion or two dollars seems of small account to 
 him. I suppose if some of his friends in the British Islands 
 should suggest the combination of a trust including the busi- 
 ness of those islands and Continental Europe, Asia, and Africa, 
 he would undertake to underwrite the company, if they would 
 exclude the Turkish Empire. 
 
 It has been intimated in the past that Marlborough was be- 
 coming a slow town, but surely if any such sentiment has gone 
 abroad it will soon be corrected, for here this day the good 
 people are celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the 
 organization of the town, a full week ahead of that western
 
 86 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 city, Chicago, which is counted the fast city of the repubHc, 
 and whose people are now just getting together a fund of a 
 hundred thousand dollars for the purpose of celebrating their 
 hundredth anniversary on September ist. 
 
 Surely the visitors and inhabitants of this town are to be 
 congratulated for the bountiful care in everything pertaining 
 to this anniversary, and the history that will be recorded and 
 go to the generations that follow us. it is to be hoped, will be 
 for the welfare of all and will be cherished bv all.
 
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 VOL TZIL.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Anno Rcgni Regis Gcorgii sccnndi dccinw-nono. 
 
 At a General Assembly holden at New Haven ix His 
 Majesties English Colony of Connecticut in New 
 England in America, on the second Thursday of 
 October, (being the ioth day of said month,) and 
 continued by several adjournments until the 25TH 
 day of the same month, Annooue Domini 1745. the 
 FOLLOWING Resolution was passed : 
 
 Upon the memorial of Samuel Btiel, Abraham Skinner and 
 sundry other persons, of whom some live towards the south- 
 eastern parts of the parish of Eastberry, some on the western 
 parts of Hebron, and others on some parts of the first and 
 third societies in Colchester nearest adjoyning to said parts of 
 Eastberry and Hebron, representing that it is convenient and 
 needful for them to be united together so as to become a dis- 
 tinct parish, and praying a committee to view and report their 
 circumstances, &c. : 
 
 Resolved by this Assembly, that Roger W'olcott junr, Esqr, 
 Mr. Daniel Bissell, of Windsor, and Mr. Hezekiah May, of 
 Weathersfield, be and they hereby are appointed, impowered 
 and directed, to repair to and upon the places situated as above- 
 said and inhabited by the memorialists, and give legal notice to 
 all persons concerned, and upon due hearing all parties or per- 
 sons therein interested, and enquiry into their circumstances, 
 to make report on the premises to this Assembly at their ses- 
 sions at Hartford in May next. 
 
 Colonial Records of Connecticut, Vol. IX, Page 180.
 
 88 marlborough centennial. 
 
 At a General Assembly holden at Hartford in the 
 County of Hartford in His Majesties English Col- 
 ony OF Connecticut in Xew England in America, on 
 THE second Thursday of ]\Iay, being the 14TH day of 
 said month, and continued by several adjournments 
 until the 5TH day of June next following. Anno 
 Regni Regis Georgii Secundi ]\Iagn-e Britannij5 &c. 
 vigessimo, axnooue domini 1/4/, the following 
 Resolution was passed: 
 
 Upon the memorial of Epaphras Lord, Esqr, \\'illiam Buel 
 and others, representing that they belonged some to the tirst 
 society in Colchester, some within the town of Hebron, some 
 within the second society in Glassenbury, and some of them 
 within the third society in said Colchester, and that they lived 
 at a great distance from the several places of publick worship 
 where they respectively belong ; and praying to be made a dis- 
 tinct ecclesiastical society, and to have bounds and limits 
 according to a certain plan and report of ^Messrs. Roger W'ol- 
 cott junr, Esqr, ]\Ir. Daniel Bissell and Hezekiah May, who 
 were appointed a committee to view the circumstances of the 
 memorialists, &c. ; which bounds and limits are as follows, c/.c; 
 Beginning at the northeast corner of Midletown bounds, and 
 from thence a line drawn northerly to the northwest corner of 
 David Dickinson's land in Eastberry, and from thence eastward 
 to the northwest corner of a lot of land on which Daniel Cham- 
 berlain's barn stands, and from thence to run near east on th' 
 north side of said Chamberlain's land until it meet with Hebron 
 west line, and from thence southerly to the northwest corner 
 of a farm of land on which the widow Lucy Talcott now dwells, 
 and from thence a straight line to the road at Daniel Root's, 
 and from thence on a straight line to the riding place over Fawn 
 Brook, being at the northeast corner of the land of Joseph 
 Phelps junr, and from thence southerly as the brook runs until 
 it comes to the riding place passing from Joseph Kellogg's 
 over said brook to the Pine Hill, and from thence a straight 
 line to Mr. John Adams's farm to the southeast corner by the 
 country road, including said farm, and from the most southerly 
 part of said farm a west line to Midletown east bounds, then
 
 APPENDIX. 89 
 
 northerly by Midletown line to the first-mentioned corner : 
 Resolved by this Assembly, that the memorialists and all such 
 as do or shall live within the bounds and limits above described 
 shall be a distinct ecclesiastical society, with powers and privi- 
 leges as other ecclesiastical societies in this Colony are invested 
 with, and the same shall be known and distinguished by the 
 name of ^Marlborough. And all those inhabitants within the 
 aforesaid limits that are within the bounds of Eastbury shall 
 contribute their several proportions of parish charges in said 
 Eastbury for the space of four years next ensuing. 
 
 Colonial Records of Connecticut, 1/4^-1 /jo, Vol. IX, 
 Pages 303-304-
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Congregational Church Centennial Day, . . Facing p. 7 
 
 Rev. Joel Ives, " p. 11 
 
 First and Second Petitions for Incorporation of 
 
 Ecclesiastical Society, " P- I5 
 
 Plan of Marlborough Society as Incorporated in 
 
 1747, 
 
 Speakers' Centennial Day, 
 
 Marlborough Inn or Tavern, 
 
 Diagram Showing the Evolution of the Town of 
 
 Marlborough, 
 
 Portrait Hon. John Bigelow, 
 
 Portrait Hon. Wm. H. Richmond, .... 
 Ancient Map of Hebron, 
 
 p- 
 
 17 
 
 p- 
 
 25 
 
 p- 
 
 27 
 
 p- 
 
 47 
 
 p- 
 
 73 
 
 p- 
 
 81 
 
 p- 
 
 87
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Adams, John, 35, 46, 88. 
 Address, Hon. John Bigelow, 7^. 
 
 Historical, 26. 
 
 W. H. Richmond, 80. 
 Albiston, Rev. Roger, 2i2>- 
 Allen, Rev. A. M., t,2>- 
 
 Isaac, 30. 
 
 Michael, 51. 
 Andover, Mass., 36. 
 Antiques, Display of, 25. 
 Appendix, 87. 
 
 Bailey, Joshua, 80. 
 
 Nathaniel, 80. 
 
 Simon, 48. 
 Baptists, ^2, 2i3- 
 
 Barbour's History of Conn., 53. 
 Barnes, Rev. Allen, 33. 
 Bath, Eng., 39. 
 Bell, Rev. Hiram, 19, 2>2, 59. 62,- 
 
 Rev. James, 21. 
 Bentley, Rev. L. D., 22>- 
 Bethlehem, Conn., 12. 
 Bigelow, Asa, 2i2>, 74- 
 
 David, 34, 35, 74. 
 
 David S., 9, 65, 67. 
 Address by, 65. 
 
 Erastus, 74. 
 
 Isaac, 74. 
 
 Hon. John, 7, 9, 25. 
 
 Introduction of, 71. 
 Address of, j^- 
 
 John D., 74. 
 Bissell, Daniel, 87, 88. 
 
 F. Clarence, 9, 52. 
 
 Rev. Oscar, 21. 
 Black Ledge River, 49. 
 
 Blish, Augustus, 19, 20, 63. 
 
 Daniel, 35, 50. 
 
 Ezra, 2>i- 
 Boardman, Sarah, P. M., 31. 
 Bolles, Horatio, 19, 20. 
 Boston, 51. 
 Boundaries, 46. 
 Brainard, A. & S., 20. 
 
 Caleb, 48. 
 Brattle, William, 51. 
 Brink, Capt. Andrew, 75. 
 Bristol, Conn., 57. 
 Bristol, N. Y., 75, 78. 
 Buckingham, Gov., 45. 
 Buell, Col. Elisha, 20, 27, 56, 81, 82. 
 P. M., 31. 
 Tavern. 29. 
 
 Gen. Enos H., 20, 56, Sr, 82. 
 P. M., 31. 
 
 Isaac B., 51. 
 
 ]\Iary, P. M., 31. 
 
 Samuel, .87. 
 
 Theron B., 7. 
 
 William, 14, 15, 20, 35, 88. 
 Building Committee for Meeting 
 
 House, 17. 
 Bulckly, Mr., 50. 
 Bulkeley, Rev. John, Z7- 
 
 Rev. Peter, 27- 
 Burden, Jeremiah, :i:i. 
 Burr, Vice-Pres't, 34. 
 Burrows, Rev. Daniel, 2>3- 
 Burying Ground, 36. 
 
 Cambridge, 51. 
 Carrier, 35. 
 
 Andrew, 36.
 
 92 
 
 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 Carrier. Richard. 36. 
 
 Thomas, 21. 
 
 Thos. and family, 36. 
 Carter, Charles, 32. 
 
 Ezra, 32, 35. 
 Case, Rev. Wm., 19. 
 Celebration, Account of, 24. 
 Chamberlain, Daniel, 46, 88. 
 Champion, Epaphroditus, 27. 
 Chase, Rev. INIoses, 33. 
 Cheney Bros., 10. 
 Cheney Mfg. Co., 84. 
 Chesebrongh, Rev. Dr., 11. 
 Chester, 18. 
 
 Chicopee, Mass., 62. ' 
 
 Churches, 32, 33, 36. 
 Church Building, 19, 60. 
 
 Cost of, 63. 
 
 Fund, 19. 
 
 i\[embership, ig. 
 
 Organization completed, 17. 
 Citizens, Meeting of, 7. 
 Civil War, 43. 
 
 Colchester, 14, 15. 26, 27, 31, 34, 
 35, 36, 37. 41, 46, 48, 49, 
 , 5i> 52, 53. 57, 74, 87, 88. 
 
 Colebrook, Conn., 19, 59. 
 Collins, Dr. Lewis, 31. 
 
 Rev. L. C, 33- 
 Colt, Samuel, 58. 
 Columbia, 21. 
 Concord, Mass., 37. 
 Cone, Rev. Solomon, 74. 
 Cooper, Rev. John, 33. 
 Cotton Mills, 30, 81. 
 Curtis, Reuben, 32. 
 
 Dana, Rev. Sylvester, 19. 
 Dark Hollow, 50, 54. 
 Day, Judge Asa, 31. 
 
 Asa, P. M., 31. 
 
 Thomas, 49. 
 Deacons, 20, 21. 
 Dean Farm, 81. 
 Dean, Rev. Sidney, 33. 
 Dedication, Church, 20. 
 Devizes, Eng., 39. 
 
 Dewey, Admiral, 41. 
 
 John, 51. 
 
 Oliver, 33. 
 
 Roger, 51. 
 
 Capt. Simeon, 41. 
 Dibell, Hen, 49. 
 Dickinson, David, 14, 46, 88. 
 
 Seth, 33. 
 Dodge, Wm. E., 85. 
 Dow, Rev. Lorenzo, 33. 
 Duke of ^Marlborough, 31. 
 Dunham, Nathaniel, 49. 
 
 Sylvester C, 33. 
 Dunning, Rev. Benj., 18. 
 
 Eastbury, 14, 15. 16, 33, 46, 87, 88, 
 
 89. 
 East Canaan, 21. 
 East Haddam. 27. 
 
 Probate District, 27, 31. 
 East Hampton, 80. 
 East Hartford, 80. 
 Ela, Rev. Benj., 19. 
 Eno, Amos R., 85. 
 Episcopalians, 32. 
 Evolution of Town, 47. 
 
 Falls Village, 21. 
 Fawn Brook, 46, 49, 88. 
 Fielding, Samuel, 52. 
 Finley, David, 28. 
 
 Harry, 48. 
 
 John, 48. 
 
 Samuel, 36. 
 
 Wm., 19, 20. 
 Fiske, Rev. Warren, 21. 
 Fitch, Col. Thomas, 51. 
 Foote, Ann, 80. 
 
 Asa, 17, 32. 
 
 Dr., 31. 
 
 Judge George, 31. 
 
 Joel, 26, 30, 31, 80, 81. 
 
 Nathaniel, 80. 
 Fox Road, old, 50. 
 Fuller, Rev. George P., 7, 10, 21. 
 
 John H., 9, 41. 
 Fulling JNIills, 30.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 93 
 
 Fulton, Robert. 76, ']']. 
 
 Gardner, Rev. Robt. D., 19. 
 
 Geneseo, X. Y.. 36. 
 
 Gilead, iz. 54. 
 
 Gillette. Aaron, z^. 
 
 Glastonbury. 14. 26. i-/, zi^ 34. 41, 
 
 46. 48, 50, 51. 88. 
 Goodrich, Capt. Ephraim. 50, 51 
 Good Will Club, 25. 
 Goodwin, Elder Wm., 2>7- 
 Gould, Rev. J. B., z^. 
 Rev. Vincent, ig. 
 Great River, 51. 
 Griffin, Rev. r^Ir., 33. 
 Grist ]\Iills. 30. 
 Guilford. 69. 
 Gunner}-, 30. 43. 81. 
 
 Hosmer, JNIrs. Patience Lord, ic 
 Hound, Town, 35. 
 Hubbard, Capt. David, 51. 
 Huntington, Rev. Mr., 18, 19. 
 Hurst, Rev. Wm., ZZ- 
 Huxford, John, 48. 
 
 Incorporation, Society, 35, 46. 
 
 Town, 26, 46. 
 Indians, 35. 
 Ingraham, Elias, 57. 
 
 Joseph, 30. 
 Inventions. Jona. Kilborn, 30. 
 Ishani, Chas. and Giles, 75. 
 
 Lucy, 74. 
 
 Samuel. 75. 
 Ives. Rev. Joel S., 9, 10, 11. 
 Sermon. 11. 
 
 Hall, ]\Iary, 7. 9, 26. 
 Address, 26. 
 
 Hanna, Rev. Chas. W.. 21. 
 
 Hart, Rev. Samuel. 9. 25. 68. 
 Address, 68. 
 
 Hartford, 11, 12, 51, 69. 80. 
 County, 48. 
 Coiiranf, 9, 24. 
 
 Hartford and Xew London Coun- 
 try Road, 50. 
 
 Hartford and Xew London Turn- 
 pike, 54, 57. 
 
 Hartford Times. 24. 
 
 Harvey, Rev. Jasper P., 21. 
 
 Hebron, 14, 15, 26, 27, 29, 32, 35, 
 41, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 
 53, 87, 88. 
 
 Hebron Choir, 10. 
 
 Hempstead, Rev. John. 19. 
 
 Henry, Jos. H. and \\''m.. 85. 
 
 Hills, Chester, 48. 
 
 Historical Address, 26. 
 
 Historical Sermon, 11. 
 
 History, ^lilitary. 41. 
 
 Holmes, Rev. Henry. 21. 
 
 Home Missionary Society, 13, 36. 
 
 Hooker, Rev. Thos., 80. 
 
 Hosford, Daniel, 31, 35, 51. 
 
 Jackson, President, 29, 59. 
 Jefferson, President, 33. 
 Jenkyns, Rev. Eben H., 21. 
 Jeremy's River, 49. 
 Jones, Eli, 32. 
 
 Gideon, Jr., ^2. 
 
 John S.. 37. 
 
 Samuel F., 33, 48. 
 Jones Street, 81. 
 Joshua, Sachem, 35. 51. 
 
 Kellogg. David. 81. 
 
 Elijah, 27. 
 
 Joseph, 20, 46, 88. 
 
 Martin, 32. 
 
 INIoses, Jr., 32. 
 
 INIoses, 52. 
 Kennett River, Eng., 39. 
 Kilborn, David, 28. 
 
 David, P. .M., 31. 
 
 Jonathan, 30, 57. 
 Epitaph, 31. 
 Inventions, 30. 
 Kingsbury, Dr. Royal, 31. 
 Kings of England, 39. 
 Kneeland, Benjamin, 14. 
 
 Benjamin, Jr.. 14. 
 
 David, 36.
 
 94 
 
 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 Kneeland, Eleazer, 30. 
 
 Dr. Hez., 31. 
 
 John, 14. 
 
 Joseph, 14, 36. 
 Kyle, Rev. R. J., 10. 
 
 Lebanon, 29, 34, 59. 
 
 Lee, Rev. Dr. Chauncey, 19, 32, 59, 
 
 60. 
 Leffingwell, Rev. Morrison, ^3. 
 Legacies, 19. 
 Lewis, Rev. Thomas, 19. 
 Lexington Alarm, 41. 
 Livesey, Rev. Wm., S3- 
 Livingston, Chancellor, 76. 
 London, England, 39. 
 Long Island, 33. 
 Lord, Elisha, 32. 
 
 Epaphras, 14, 28, 35, 37. 
 
 Epaphras, Jr., 88. 
 
 George, 19. 
 
 Tchabod, 14, 35, 37- 
 
 Richard, 37. 
 
 Judge Sherman C, 31, 64. 
 
 Capt. Theodore, 20. 
 
 Thomas, 37. 
 Louisburg, Capture of, 53. 
 Loveland, Robert, 30. 
 
 Samuel, 14, 35. 
 
 Thomas, 21. 
 
 Maiden, N. Y., 74. 
 Manufacturing Co., Marlborough, 
 29. 30. 
 
 Union, 29, 30, 33. 
 Marlborough College, Eng., 39. 
 
 Duke of, 31. 
 
 Eng., 38. 
 
 Manufacturing Co., 29, 30. 
 
 j\Iass., 34, 40. 
 Marriage, Intentions of, 60. 
 Mason, Rev. Mr., 11, 17. 
 Massachusetts, 12, 16, 21. 
 May, Hezekiah, 87, 88. 
 McCray, Dr. Eleazer, 31. 
 McGonigal, Rev. Robt., 33. 
 Mcintosh, Dr. Harrison, 31. 
 
 Mcintosh, Dr. Luicus W., 31. 
 Meeting of -Citizens, 7. 
 Meeting House, Location Estab- 
 lished, 16. 
 
 Built, 17. 
 
 Finished, 18. 
 
 Torn Down, 20. 
 Meriden, Conn., 81. 
 Merritt, Rev. Timo., 33. 
 Methodists, 33. 
 Mexican War, 43. 
 Middle Haddam, 82. 
 Middletown, 18, 46, 48, 59, 69, 88, 
 
 89. 
 Milford, II. y 
 
 Military History, 41. 
 jNIilitia, 56. 
 
 Miller, Capt. Daniel, 32. 
 Alillington, 16. 
 Mohegans, 35. 
 Monroe, President, 29, 80. 
 Morgan, J. P., 85. 
 Moseley, Jonathan O., 27. 
 Mudge, Ebenezer, 14. 
 
 Navy, 1812, 42. 
 
 Civil War, 44. 
 New England Primer, 64. 
 New Hampshire, 12. 
 New Haven, 11, 12, 69. 
 New London, 54. 
 New London County, 48. 
 New Marlborough, 35. 
 New York, 12. 
 Niles, Nathan, 32. 
 Norfolk, Conn., 61. 
 Northam, Alvan, 20, 63. 
 
 Jonathan, 21, 51. 
 
 Oliver, 51. 
 North Lyme, 18. 
 Norton, Rev. Jno. P., 19. 
 Noyes, Rev. James, 19. 
 
 Ohio, 12. 
 
 Ordinations, 17, 18, 19, 21. 
 
 Oregon, 13. 
 
 Ostrander, Rev. Dr., 78.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 95 
 
 Owaneco, 35. 
 Owen, Joel, 21. 
 
 Palmer, Dr., 31. 
 
 Parker, Charles, 81. 
 
 Pensioners, Revolutionary, 42. 
 
 Pennsylvania, 83. 
 
 Perrin, Zachariah, 41. 
 
 Petitions to Gen. Ass., 14, 15, 16, 
 
 17, 26, 37. 
 Phelps, Aaron, 33. 
 
 David, 64. 
 
 John Jay, 85. 
 
 Joseph, Jr., 46, 88. 
 
 Noah, 51. 
 
 Oliver, 33. 
 
 Wm., 20, 63. 
 Physicians, 31. 
 Pike, Rev. Alpheus J., 21. 
 Pine Hill, 46. 
 Pitkin, Joseph, 15. 
 Pomperaug Valley, 12. 
 Pongeronks, 35. 
 Poor, State, 37. 
 
 Town's, 36. 
 Porter, Comptroller, 34. 
 
 Dr. John B., 31. 
 Post, Daniel, 33. 
 Post-office, First, 31. 
 Postmasters, 31. 
 Probate Judges, 31. 
 Program, g. 
 Pumptown, 53. 
 
 Raising of Church, 62. 
 Rankin, Rev. S. W. G., 21. 
 Rattlesnake Rock, 49. 
 Reminiscences, Hart Talcott, 53. 
 Resolution Gen. Assembly, 87, 88 
 Revolutionary Record, 41. 
 Richmond, John, 80. 
 
 William H., 7, 9, 38, 71. 
 
 William H., Address, 80. 
 
 Wm. Wadsworth, 80. 
 Ripley, Rev. David B., 19. 
 
 David B., Clerk, 30. 
 Robard, James, 49. 
 
 Roberts, .M. L., 36. 
 Root, Daniel, 46, 88. 
 
 Edward, 30, 33. . 
 
 Ross, Rev. Chas. D., 21. 
 Roxbury, 12. 
 
 Saddlers Ordinary, 35. 
 Salmon River, 80. 
 Saugerties, N. Y., 71, 74, 75, 76. 
 Sawmill, 30. 
 Saybrook, 18, 69. 
 
 Men, 51. 
 
 Platform, 12. 
 Schools and Schoolhouses, 31, 32. 
 Sears, Rev. John, 74. 
 
 Rachael, 80. 
 Sebago, Me., 21. 
 Seldon, Geo., 85. 
 Sermon, Historical, 11. 
 Shepard, Cornelius, 21. 
 Silk ^Manufacturing, 30, 83, 84. 
 Simsbury, Conn., 85. 
 Skinner, Abraham, 14, 87. 
 
 Dea. David, 21, 32, 35, 36. 
 
 David, Jr., 21. 
 
 I. Lord, 57. 
 Smith, Dr. David, 31. 
 Soldiers, Civil War, 43, 44. 
 
 Mexican War, 43. 
 
 Revolutionary, 41, 42. 
 
 Spanish War, 45. 
 South Canaan, 21. 
 Spanish War, 1898, 45. 
 Spaulding, Dr., 31. 
 Spencer, 2d, Isaac, 27. 
 Stamford, 11. 
 
 Stocking, Rev. Jeremiah, 33. 
 Stratford, 11, 12. 
 Strong, Eben, 21. 
 
 Eleazer, 18. 
 
 Ezra, 16, 35. 
 
 Deacon, 55. 
 
 Dr. Zenas, 31. 
 
 Talcott Farm, 52. 
 Talcott, Gad, 53. 
 Hart, 7, 9, 53.
 
 96 
 
 MARLBOROUGH CENTENNIAL. 
 
 Talcott, Capt. JNloseley, 19, 20, 25, 
 53, 55, 60, 63. 
 
 Widow Lucj', 46, 88. 
 Taylor, Closes, 85. 
 Thames River, Eng., 39. 
 Thanksgiving, 1705, 53. 
 Tolland County, 48. 
 Torbush, Rev. Henry, 3;}. 
 Town Meeting, First. 28. 
 Treasurer's Report, 8. 
 Truesdale, Augustus. 20, 62, 63. 
 Trumbull, Gov.. 34. 
 
 J. H., 35- 
 Tuhi, 35. 
 Turnpikes, 29. 
 Turramuggus, 35, 38. 
 Tyler, Rev. Jos. P., 19. 
 
 Rev. Dr., 20. 
 
 Union Manufacturing Co., 29, 30, 
 
 33- 
 Union Village, N. Y., 74. 
 
 Vail, Rev. H. W., 21. 
 Rev. Wm. F., 19. 
 
 Vermont, 12, 74. 
 
 Waddams, John, 14. 
 Wadsworth, Prudence, 80. 
 
 William, 80. 
 Wales, 36. 
 War, Civil, 43. 
 War of 1812, 42. 
 
 War, Mexican. 43. 
 
 Revolution. 41, 42. 
 
 Spanish, 45. 
 Warner, E. C, P. M., 31- 
 
 Harriet Buell. P. M., 31, 82. 
 Washington, 13. 
 
 Conn., 12. 
 
 Gen. George, 29, 59. 
 Waters, Dorothy, 14. 
 Watertown, Mass., 34. 
 Watkinson, Edward B., 19, 20, 63. 
 West Brooklield, Mass., 80. 
 Westchester, 14, 15, 16. 
 West India Trade, 82. 
 Wethersheld, 11, 50, 80. 
 Wheat, John. 3;^. 
 Whight, Joseph, 14. 
 Williams, Weeks, s~- 
 Wilson, Mrs. Eliz. Crow Warren, 
 
 Wiltshire, Eng., 38. 
 
 Windsor, 11. 
 
 Windsor Locks Canal, 57. 
 
 Witch, Hanging for, 36. 
 
 Wolcott, Roger, Jr., 87. 88. 
 
 Wood, Jonathan N., 50, 51. 
 
 Woodbridge, Mrs. Abigail Lord, 
 
 37- 
 Rev. Timo., 31, 37. 
 Woodbury, 12. 
 
 Woodrufif, Rev. Ephraim, 19. 
 Woodward, Madison. 20. 
 Workhouse, ;i7. 
 Wyllys. Sec, 34. 
 
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