DISCOURSE

LOE ATS'D SEEA^CES

PROFESSOR MOSES STUART;

DELIVERED IN THE

CITY OF NEW-YORK:

SABBATH EYEXIXG, JAXUARY 25, 1852.

WILLIAM ADAMS,

PASTOR OF THE CEXTEAL PKESBYTEEIAN CHUIICII.

NEW- YORK :

JOny F. TROW, PRIXTEIl, 49 AXX-STREET.

1S52.

The cireunastances in which this discoui'se Avas propared, are best
ex})lained bj tlie following resolutions, adopted lYth January, 1852, at
the weekly meeting of an association of more than thirty clergymen,
Professors in the Union Theological Seminary, Pastoi's of Cliurches,
Secretaries of Religious Societies, and others ; which association
includes, in its past or present membei'ship, Avith the exception of
two or three, all the alumni of Andover in the cities of Xew-York,
Brooklyn, and AVilliamsburgh. For many years, Mr. vStuart had
been accustomed in his visits to the city to meet this circle of
brethren ; and ^'ery recently had been in affectionate coiTCspondence
with them in reference to matters of common interest.

Resolved, 1. That we have heard with profound sorrow, that the
Rev. Moses Stuart, Rrofessor of Sacred Litcature in the Andover
TJieological Seminary, is numbered no more with the li\-iiig ; and we
deem it fitting, in vit-w as well of his estimable and exalted character,
and tlu' prominent position he occupied in the religious world, as of
tile vari(^us intiniate and endearing relations many of us have sus-
tained to him, that we should take some special notice of his decease.

PiESoLVEi). 2. That in the death of Professor Stuart, the church
and the world luno sustained no ordinary loss. To a native sim-
plicitv. ardor, generosity, and transparency of character, he added, in
laru'c mt'asure. the K.iftier graces of the Christian, — a deep re\'erence,
especially, for the oracles of God, and a disposition to mau'nify, both
in doctrine and in life, the cross of Christ. In his early lal)0i's as a
pastor, he was eminently able, faithful, and successful ; as many seals
of \n> ministry, on earth and in heaven, bear witness. P)Ut it was in

the chair of Sacred Literature that his chief work was done. Assum-
ing that chair at a time when the spirit of exegetical inquiry had
greatly declined, the dogmatical and metaphysical hue of study hav-
ing gained the preeminence, he devoted all the powers of his active,
acute, and discursive mind to the restoration of Avhat lie deemed the
true method of theological investigation. He resorted— not servilely,
but wth discrimination and independence of thought — to treasures of
hermeneutical lore which had before been generally unknown or neg-
lected ; and by the apparatus for study which his skill and patient
industry furnished, by his almost unequalled power of awakenino- en-
thusiasm in his pupils, and by his numerous published discussions, he
was mainly instrumental in giving a new direction and impulse to
Biblical study. Nor was he mei'ely a pioneer in this work — he main-
tained to the last the highest rank as a Biblical scholar ; and he lived
to see, in the extensive and earnest ciiltivation of exegetical science,
the ample fruit and rich reward of his well-directed and abundant
labors. Greatly indebted to him, also, is the cause of truth, for his
various candid and courteous, but powerful refutations of fundamental
error. Xor can we pass unnoticed his prompt and efficient ad\'ocacy
of all the great Christian reforms of the ago. By his many }iublished
works, he being dead yet speaketh ; and precious will be his memory
to all the students and lovers of the Sacred Volume, which his life so
cogently commended, and his learning so abundantly illustrated.

PiESOLVED, 3. That a committee be appointed, consisting of Rev.
Drs. Skinnei', Badger, and A. I). Smith, to prepare and forward, in
our name, a letter of condolence, accompanied with a copy of tliese
resolutions, to the widow and family of the deceased Professor.

PiKSOLVED, 4. That Rev. AYilliam Adams, D. \)., be rcqiiested to
deliver a discourse on the life and character of Professor Stuart, in the
Central Presbyterian Church, on Sabbatli evening, the 25lh inst., at
seven o'clock.

Rev. and Dear Brother : — At a meeting of the ministers of
the gospel, bv wliom von was reipiested to preach on tlie character
and labors of Professor Stuart of Andover, lately deceased, a resolu-
tion was pa-sed unanimously, that you Ijc rcijuested to fui'uish a co[w
of your sermon for publication.

In tlie name of the moetiiig', dear brother, wc scn.l VdU tlii> )■(
quest.

Afteetionately and ^vith great res}iect, voids,

THOMAS II. SKIXXKU,

MILTOX IJAIX.EIt.
ASA D. SMITH,

March 15, 1852.
To the Uev. Dk. Adams.

Rev. Drs. Skixnek, Badger, and Smith.

Dear LiiKTiiRKX : — I lia\"e dt-layed a reply to your note request-
ing a copy of n)y <erin< lU on thi^ character and services of I'rofessor
Stuart, to tlie [iresent thne, because I have questioned, on many
grounds, the expediency of its publication ; especially aftt-r the exten-
sive circulation of the just and eloquent Funeral iJiscoui'se by Pro-
fessor I'ark.

I have, at length, however, concluded to publish it, as some ftiint
expression of the high regard in which Professor Stuart was held by
many at a distance from the scene of his life and death.

I wisli that the iJiscourse had been cast in a ditfii-rent form. Put
I give it precisely as it was originally delivered, without curtaihiK^nt
or adilition.

Very affectionately yours,

WILLIAM ADAMS.

New-York, April 80//;, 1852.

DISCOUllSE.

iiEB. XI : 4.
— by it, he Loiug dead, yet speakctli,

The influeuce of 2:ood men is not coniined to the
times in wiiicli tliey live. It is not interred with
their bodies. This posthumous power is a most
hopeful and Ijeneficent element of society. Sad and
despondent are we when the " ancient and the hon-
orable, the wise man, and the counsellor" die. Die ?
They cannot die. The good which they have done
lives after them. Thousands of years after he had
fallen asleej:), Abel, the son of Adam, by his pious
example, was speaking to the world. The old pro-
phets are not dead. Tlie apostles have not perished.
The G'ood and truthful men who are now toilino: for
the world's advantage, are not so solitary and sin-
a'le-handed as their despondinii' thou£(ht mi^'ht suo--
gest. The confessors, the scholars, the reformers
of past centuries still inhabit the world. Neither

canvass, nor marble may have left one outline of
their forms and featm^es ; tlieir ashes may liave
been cast to tlie wind ; l^ut tlie invisible power of
tlieir tlionglits and actions, like tlie stars in tlieir
courses, exerts its strong; attraction over all tlie
thinking and acting of the world. The Apostle
seemed to exult in tliis consolation, as lie gathered
around him a great cloud of witnesses who had lived
centuries l^efore he was born. Still more populous
is the earth with good men now, than it was then.
" See, there are faces there. Some of them are
turned on us with a look surpassing earthly love.
The heavens have touched them. They are not
all strange to us. There is one ; and there. AVe
thought it dead ; but it lives ; and it shall live ;'"■''
and when we stand by the grave where those we
have honored and loved are to ])e buried out of
sight, let this glorious truth Ije our consolation,
that being dead, they will still speak ; for goodness
is immortal.

There are many providential arrangements by
which the influence of good men is perpetuated.
The little defects or excrescences of personal charac-
ter, often exaggerated during life-time, as a screen
or obstacle to usefulness, are lost sight of after
death. There is no motive to remember them.

* R. H. Dana.

Tliey drop off and are forgotten, save when preju-
dice, like an animal of prey, disturbs the grave for
some gloomy or ignominious purpose. Divested of
what is extrinsic and casual, the substantial (quali-
ties of the character alone remain ; and we ai-e left
to contemplate only the unmixed and invalualjle
service of a good life. Excellence, in the most
illustrious men who ever lived, has been lost
upon many of their contemporaries, by reason of
the adventitious circumstances to which they were
related ; which circumstances disappear in the pro-
gress of time, leaving their names the common
23roperty and boast of the world ; so that it is
only after translation that their fullest power is
disj^layed, as the arrow of Acestes Avas seen to
blaze when it passed into the heavens. Who
thinks, at this distance of time, of political or
denominational distinctions, at the mention of Me-
lancthon, Milton, Pascal, Butler, or Leighton i Pi'i-
vate differences and personal preferences have their
sway for a while, amid the collisions of life, Ijut, at
last, they are all forgotten in a general remem-
brance of goodness and greatness. The apostle
Paul must have had this very sentiment in mind,
when re1)uldng the Corinthians for their ^partialities
for particular men : " Let no man glory in men : for
all things are yours ; whether Paul, or Apollos, or

Ceplias, all are yours," — a sentiment wliicli is sure
to prevail, wlien death, generous death, has set one
free from denominational i^rejudices, and his name
becomes apart of the intellectual wealth of the world.
No party, nor sect, nor nation can monopolize them.

The longevity of antediluvian patriarchs — a ne-
cessity of Providence in its time — is superseded by
better methods of transmitting influence. Men may
be excused from continuing long on the earth, now
that the results of their life may so soon be put upon
jiermanent record. A good book is a long, long life.
He is the true Methuselah whose pen transmits good
thoughts to posterity. His days are prolonged upon
the earth, and he will speak to millions who are yet
to be 1 )orn. The " ingenious dreamer " of Bedford
jail visits more families, instructs more minds, than he
could have done in person, had his mortal life been
protracted for centuries. Let not familiarity ^^ith the
wonder render us insensil)le to the Provide] itial gift,
which imparts uldquity and immortality to thought;
which renders it impossible that a good sentiment
should ever be lost l)y reason of the brief or obscure
life of its author ; which gives a good hymn to the
Church universal ; transmits the scholar's toil to the
end of time, and makes the inspiration of one the
teacher and the iuipnlse of the race.

The ])ersonal influence of soine men is to be

measured by tlie many instrumentalities wliicli tliey
devise and put in operation ; tlieir own agency
meanwhile Ijeing purposely withdrawn fi-om sight,
and their chief endeavor being to stimulate the
actions of others. It is thus that teachers live in
their disciples ; and principles and habits are j^ro-
pagated by an instructor through many different
minds, till they have reached such a degree of
commonness and universality, that his own agency
is even undervalued or forgotten by those who are
not familiar with the beo'inniuo' as with the results of
things. It is frecpiently asked why the moral essays
of Addison and Johnson are not as much read and
highly valued now as formerly. Xot that their in-
trinsic value has diminished ; l)ut because the general
tone of intelligent society has been brought up to
their level, and is now aimins; at a higher c'rade.
To measure tlieir real worth, we must go back to
the times in which they lived, and mark how amidst
general dissoluteness, they struck a new key-note,
which in the suT)sequent combination of voices is lost
in the general harmony. The true greatness and
value of many lives is to be estimated by their suc-
cess in raising a profession or a community to a new
level, along the surface of which tlieir own greatness
is not discernible ; and it is only by travelling back
to the time and the place where their labors began,

tliat we are capable of estimating tlie largeness of
their service.

These considerations are not inajipropriate to
the occasion which has hrouofht us to^'ether. ^Ve
are met, as ministers of religion, and students of
tlie Word of God, as pupils and as friends, to do
honor to one of the most illustrious names connect-
ed with the history of letters and relioion in our
country. He had, indeed, reached the allotted
period of human life. An enfeebled frame, and
an accumulation of those infirmities which beset
the life of a scholar, had prepared many of us to
expect at no distant time his departure ; l^ut when
the tidin2:s actually came that he was o-one, that
the form so f[imiliar to our memories would be
seen no more, that the lips from which we had
receiyed lessons of wisdom were sealed in death,
we felt something more than the pangs of personal
bereayement ; eyen despondent regret that a great
light had been extinguished, mingled with a strong
desire to make some befitting testimony to the dis-
tinguished services which he has rendered to his
country and the world.

We cannot reconcile it to our views of duty,
that such a man should pass from the earth, with-
out some mention of his claims upon puljlic grati-
tude and veneration. j\Elton was certainly rio-ht

when lie com2:)lained, in Lis day, tliat the world
was perverse and wicked in the l)estowment of
its honors. The earth's conquerors and desti'03'ers
have been eulogized in history and in song, while
the noLler virtues of meekness, fortitude, and
patience in humble but useful toil, have passed
unapplauded. Specially meet has it been judged,
that here, in the heart of this commercial metro-
polis, amicl the bustle, the glare, and the pride of
life, that we should unite in honoring the memory
of one who, with talents which might have led to
luxury and display, borrowed no greatness from
office, or from wealth ; l)ut who, with nol)le mag-
nanimity, devoted a long life to the severities of
Christian scholarship. That life of study was not
wasted on idle theories and speculations. Great
respect, indeed, have we for purely intellectual
pursuits, even when their connection with material
interests is not obvious to a superficial observer :
for the spirit must claim its superiority to matter.
But the studies of our honored instructor and
friend were so rich in practical results — ^ results
which it was his reward to behold while upon
the earth, that his life disthictly marks a new
epoch in Biblical Literature, not only in this
country, Init throughout Anglo-Protestant Chris-
tendom. It is because of this that he deserves to

be Honored in all suitable methods, as one of the
most distinguished men in the brief, but certainly
not barren history of our country.

The incidents in the life of a student are neces-
sarily few. — Moses Stuart was born of honest but
humble parentage, in Wilton, Conn., 2Gth March,
1780. At sixteen years of age he entered Yale
College, in the second year of the presidency of Dr.
Dwiirht, where he sustained the character of a
dilio'ent student and excellent scholar. Graduatino;
in 1799 with the highest honors of his class, he
taught an academy in Fairfield, Ijestowing some
attention at the same time on the study of the law.
In 1802, three years after his graduation, he was
chosen Tutor in Yale College, in which capacity he
served for two years. While a Tutor he entered
as a student of law in the office of Seth P. Staples,
Esq. Mr. Staples, at the jw'esent time a practi-
tioner of youthful vigor at the l)ar of our own
city, bears the following testimony to the character
of his distinguished ])upil. " Mr. Stuai't was a most
thorouixh, diligent, and successful student hi the
laAV ; and when he took his certificate for admis-
sion to the bar, I thought him as well cpialified as
any studeiit I ever had.^' To which honoral)le
testimony of his instractor, it may be added, as
many remeudjer, that tlie l)Ook to which Mr. Stuart

often referred as liis favorite study, at tliis time,
was " I'^enie on Remainders," generally regarded, I
believe, as one of the most abstract and meta-
physical in the whole range of legal lore. Mr.
Stuart never opened an office for the prosecution
of his legal profession, but one case, in which he
was personally interested, is often cited in judicial
decisions. Warned to do military duty, a levy was
laid upon his pro2:)erty for failing to comply. Be-
lieving that he was exempt by a statute of limita-
tion, he carried the case before a judicial trdmnal,
where it was decided ac^ainst him. Resfardinc: the
principle involved — the relations of military to
civil jurisdiction — as very important, and per-
suaded of the justice of his position, he appealed
the case to the higher courts, where he was recti-
fied and vindicated by a reversal of the first deci-
sion. In subsequent life, Mr. Stuart was always
ready to testify to the great advantages he had
received from legal study as a very important part
of his intellectual discipline. Seriously impressed,
under the preaching of Dr. Dwight, with the im-
portance of personal religion, and experiencing a
decided chanii-e in his relii2:ious sentiments, his
preference was given to the Sacred Profession, and
after a comparatively l)rief season of preparation,
on the 5th of March, 1806, two years after resign-

ing Ills office as Tutor, lie was ordained Pastor of
tlie Centre Cliurcli, in tlie city of Xew Haven.
The fervor, fidelity and success of liis career as a
Pastor are still matters of orrateful remenihrance
and distinct tradition. Distinf^iislied as is the
rejxitation which he suljseijuently acquired as a
scholar, there are many who think that his Lest
eftbrts were in the pulpit. The congregation over
which he was ordained, accustomed for a third of
a century to a style of discourse, clear, cold and
philosophic, which deserves to be designated as
" diplomatic vagueness," were startled from indif-
ference by the short, simjde, perspicuous sentences
of their new pastor, and more than all l)y the
unaffected earnestness and sincerity with which
they were delivered ; as the result of which, l)y the
blessing of God upon his labors, some two hundred
individuals were added to the Church under his
brief ministry of four years ; among whom was
the celebrated Xoah Webster, then in his hftieth
year, who, thirty-five years after, on his deathd_)ed,
(]Mr. Stuart Ijeing at the time on a visit to Xew
Haven) expressed to his former pastor the liveliest
gratitude for the fidelity of his early ministrations.
At the end of this time — in IS 10 — ^Mr. Stuart,
then thirty years of age, was aj)pointed to the
professorship of Sacred Literature in the newly

organized Theological Seminary, at Andover, Mas-
sachusetts.

As it was in connection with that Seminary that
the remainder of Professor Stuart's life was spent — •
42 years — and its name is associated with many of
the results to which I am to refer, a Ijrief allusion to
its origin may not be considered impertinent.

Phillips Academy, at xVndover, one of the earliest
incorporated Academies in the country, was founded
m lYTS, and owes its origin to a young man only 21
years of age, whose name it bears, at whose solicita-
tions, it was lil)erally endowed by an affluent father
and uncle. While the course of study in this
Academy was remarkably high and liberal, its
^\first and princijxd object was declared to be the
promotion of true piety and virtue." In the last tes-
tament of the Hon. John Phillips, one of its founders,
provision was made for the benefit of pious young
men studying 'for the Christian ministry, till such
time as a Professor of Divinity might he supported
in the Academy itself. In the year 1S<)T, the Trus-
tees of Phillips Academy petitioned tlie Legislature
for an increase of their incorporated rights, in order
to organize a distinct school for theological educa-
tion. An independent project for estaljlislnng a
Theological Seminary was then under discussion in
the same county, and by a happy combination of

counsels and measures, tlie two were united; and
in 1808, tlie " Theological Seminary, in Phillips
Academy" at Andover, was fully organized.

An incorporated, endowed institution for theo-
logical education, on the same projection, did not
exist in the world before that time. Before tliis.
with the exception of the Theological Seminary
under the charge of the Rev. Dr. Mason, of Xew-
York, preparation for the ministry in tliis coun-
try, had been conducted under private tuition, and
in England was a mere appendage to an ordinary
University education. In England, at this very day, it
is customary in the education of the Dissenting clergy,
to embrace in one course, what in this country, is
divided into an academical, collegiate, and theo-
logical curriculum. The " Xew College," the consoli-
dated Dissenting Institution, opened in London, so
late as October last, at the head of which is Dr. Harris,
is organized on the plan of a mixed collegiate and
theological course. Mucli of the wisdom di-^played in
the organization of the Andover Theological Semi-
nary, as a distinct institution for tlieological training,
is due to the Rev. Eliphalet Pearson, LL. D., to
Avhose scholarship the country is largely indeljted,
Tlie first |)]'eceptor of Pliillips .Vcademy, for twenty
years, Profjs^-or of Hebrew and other Languages in
Harvard l^ni\"ersitv. he became the first Professor

of Sacred Literature in the newly-organized Tlieolo-
gical Seminary. He continued in this office but a
single year, when Mr. Stuart was elected as his suc-
cessor. Though not one of its original founders, Pro-
fessor Stuart may be said to have been associated
with Andover Seminary from its organization. It was
not because of extraordinary proficiency in Orien-
tal languages that he was chosen to this office, for
his knowledge of Hebrew was at this time very
limited. Two years' preparation for the ministry,
and five years in the diligent prosecution of his pro-
fession, had not furnished large opportunities for
exact and extensive study. Choice was fixed upon
him, because of the general qualities which designa-
ted him as one able and wdllins: to furnish himself
for any station ; and upon that thorough qualification
he entered, with characteristic enthusiasm, imme-
diately upon his transfer to this new office.

Rightly to estimate the nature and extent of those
services, which he subsequently rendered to the
world, it will be necessary to take a survey of the
state of Biblical learning in this country, prior to
the time when his labors were commenced.

Many of the earliest ministers of the New Eng-
land colonies were men of extraordinary scholarship.
They had been trained at the Euglish universities,
and that at the golden age of Biblical learning. It

would be difficult to designate in Englisli history, any
other time wlien such constellations of talent were
shining upon the eartli. Whatever was his opinion of
poetry and lighter literature, Cromwell, it must be
admitted, was an enthusiastic admirer and pati'on of
solid learning. 'Not to mention the names of Milton,
Locke, Boyle, Newton, Halley, and many others
whose names stand rubric in general literature
and science, the period of the Commonwealth is
disthiguished by the honored names of Seldeu,
Usher, Chillingworth, BarroAY, Taylor, Pocock,
Cudworth, Leighton, Baxter, Castell, Lightfoot,
Brian Walton, Prynne, Hooker, and Owen, — the
brightest stars in Christ's golden candlestick. The
catalogue of evil spirits in the first book of Paradise
Lost, evinces what acquisitions Milton had made
in Kabbinic literature. The " Syntagmata de Diis
Syris " by his friend Selden, demonstrates tliat Ori-
ental studies were not superficial. It was tlieu that
Walton compiled his Polyglot, Cromwell permitting
the paper to be imported free : tliat Castell pub-
lislied that Herculean work, the " Lexicon Hepta-
glotton ; " that Lightfoot in his retired parsonage,
and Pocock in Oxford, were prosecuting their
thorougli researches in all the Oriental tongues. AVith
these men tlie first clergymen of New England were
contemporary. They had l^een associated together

in schools, in parishes, and colleges. They shared
the enthusiasm of their studies. The sympathy of
scholars was not sundered by exile. Harvard Col-
lege, at its very origin, included in its course of
studies, Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriac. Dr. Light-
foot bequeathed his invalual^le library of Oriental
books to that College, which unfortunately were
consumed by hre about a century ago. i\Ir. Chaun-
cy, the second President of Harvard College, was
the intimate friend of Archbishop Usher, and had
served as Professor of Hebrew and Greek in the
English University at Cambridge. Cotton, the first
minister of Boston, was able to converse in Hebrew.
The thesis of Cotton Mather, when taking his
second de^Tee, was the " Divine origin of the He-
brew points." There was an intimate connection
kept up for many years between the heads of Mag-
dalen, Trinity, and Emmanuel Colleges, and the
humble pastors of the small villages around Massa-
chusetts Bay ; and at no time in our history has a
greater attention been given to the study of Biblical
languages than in the first fifty years after the set-
tlement of the colony. The clergy were accustomed
to read the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures to their
families at morning and evening worship.

It would ]je idle to speculate as to the causes
which led to a rapid and general decline in this

department of study. The habits of the colonists
were necessarily to a great degree provincial. The
attention of the learned in the Old World had as-
sumed a new direction. Cudworth and Locke, Samuel
Clarke, Shaftesbury, Hobbes, Leibnitz, and Butler
had eagerly entered upon the analysis of mental
laws and moral actions ; and the great questions of
ethical philosophy were fairly l^efore the world.
Butler's Analogy was 2)resented to his royal mis-
tress, Queen Caroline, in 1736. The treatises of
Jonathan Edwards on the Freedom of the Will,
and Original Sin, were written between the years
1751 and 1757. Xever was there a body of men
who, by nature, constitution, and external circum-
stances, were more disposed to follow the lead of
their distinguished countrymen, than the clergy of
New England. Their habits inclined them to great
independence of thought. They had little rever-
ence for anticpiated authority. They would have
reasons for their fjiith. AVe have no occasion to
be ashamed of them. It would be ditlicult to find
men superior to many of the rural ministers of
those days in metaphysical acumen. Whatever
may be thought of their particular dogmas, no
American can fail to honor Edwards, Hopkins, Bel-
lamy, an<l Emmons. Vmt the fact to Ije observed is,
tliat for two-thirds of a century, metaphysical theo-

logy had gained tlie entire ascendency. The study
of tlie original Scriptures liad passed into a very gen-
eral desuetude. Professor Sewall at Harvard, Presi-
dent Stiles of Yale College, and Professor Smith of
Dartmouth, were rare exceptions to the common con-
dition. The effects of this state of things are apparent
in the writings of the most distinguished men of that
period. Not only are there few references to the
original languages of the Scriptures, but fanciful
modes of quoting and applying the common version
are not infrequent. With the exception of occa-
sional references to Pool's Synopsis and Buxtorf on
the etymology of particular words, I do not remem-
ber a single instance of what may be called Biblical
criticism in the writings of Edwards. In his cele-
brated letter to the Trustees of Princeton College, on
occasion of l^eing elected President of that Institu-
tion, he mentions as a reason why he should decline
the appointment, his ignorance of the Greek classics.
So uniformly severe were the studies of this illus-
trious man, that it is doubtful whether his volumi-
nous writings contain many quotations from Milton
or the whole ransre of classical literature. It is even
said of Chauncy, his contemporary and acute oppo-
nent, that he was accustomed to wish that Paradise
Lost was translatecL This exclusive attention to
one study was preparing the way for serious mischief.

Siicli was tlie state of tiling's wlien Prof. Stuart
entered upon tlie Professorsliip of Sacred Litera-
ture at Andover. AYitli a mind not indisposed to
metapliysical discriminations (for, like llobert Hall,
lie liad read with relisli Edwards on tlie Will,
before lie was twelve years old), lie early saw that
the revival of Biblical learning was the great neces-
sity of the Church ; and lo this one purpose he
addressed himself with the utmost ardor, diligence,
patience, wisdom, and success. In his earliest studies
he had few faciUties, and but small encouragement.
Public sentiment did not look upon his depart-
ment with the same favor as that of Theology
or Rhetoi'ic. That sentiment it was his to cor-
rect, enlighten, and reform. Discouraoino- the task
would have appeared to a less earnest nature ; but
the concjuest of difficulties to liim presented a j^ecu-
liar charm.

His first act was to be thoroughly accomplished
in the Hebrew and Greek laiio-uaii'es. Comi)ared

O O i.

with those facilities in our possession, the Ijcst of
which are the fruits of his wisdom, how few the
aids at his disposal. Tliere were the imperfect
Grammars and Lexicons of Buxtorf, Parkhuist and
Schleusner. The Hebrew of Parkhurst was witli-
out points. The Hebrew Lexicon of Gesenius, that
Thesaurus of accurate kiiowledire concerninu' th*.

original language of the Old Testament and its
cognate dialects, was published at Leipsic in 1810-
12, just as Prof. Stuart was entering upon his own
studies at Andover. Some time elapsed l)efore
that book and the Grammar by the same author
were known at all in this country. And when
known, they were found to l:e unavailable, because
written in the German — ^a language at that time
known to very few in America or England. To
the acquisition of that language Mr. Stuart l^etook
himself with all ardor. A great readiness had he
in acquiring languages ; and the farmer's son, who,
at the ao-e of fourteen had mastered the declensions
and syntax of the Latin Grammar in less than a
week, wr.s not long in availing himself of the rich
stores of philological learning in the German lan-
guage. All this was not accomplished without
suspicion and whisperings on the part of good
men, who doubted whether good could ever come
from such a liberality of study. But nothing
diverted him for a moment from his religious pur-
pose to acquire all knowledge, from all quarters,
whicli would aid the g^i'and endeavor of his life, to
elucidate the Word of God.

( )f liis views concerning German scholarship ;
of his just, early and late discriminations as to
German theology, I shall take occasion to speak in

a subsefjiieut part of tliis discourse. Honor to the
man wlio, alone, unencouraged, was tlie first to
introduce to tlie scliolars of Great Britain and tlie
United States, those philological researches, by
which the Lexicographers of Germany have pour-
ed such li2:ht on the Greek and Hebrew toni^ues.

Tvro years after his entrance u2:)on his professor-
ship, Mr. Stuart had prepared a manuscript Gram-
mar of the Hebrew language ; and the classes in
the Seminary (such was the meagerness of their
facilities) were expected to copy this grammar
from his manuscripts. The class of 1819, the class
of Byington, and Jonas King; of Profs. Henry Rip-
ley, Haddock, and Toney ; of Presidents AVheeler,
Waylaud, and AVorthington Smith, were the first to
copy the manuscript Grammar of Prof. Stuart with
points. Subsidizing the help of affluent friends,
fonts of Oriental type were imported ; and the
necessary apparatus for pubhshing put at his com-
mand. But there were no compositors expert in
the use of Hebrew type. With liis oioi hjiuh lie
commenced tlie worJi^ and so began the education of
those compositors,* who, now in different parts of

* As tliese pastes are passing tlirougli the press of ]\Ir. Joiix F.
Troav, of this city, it will not be regarik-J as iinidious if s[K-cial
reference is ]ria<.lc to that individual, as one of those wliuni TrutV-ssor
Stuart first insti'ucted hn the use of Oriental characters: since the

our land, have attained to a proficiency and accu-
racy in the use of Greek and Oriental type, beyond
competition, all of whom remember him, as well
they may, with filial gratitude and delight. The
Codman j^ress, at Andover, has a world-wide repu-
tation. In the year 1821 Mr. Stuart puljlished,
at his own expense, his Hebrew Grammar, several
editions of which rapidly followed ; the first Hebrew
Grammar in the English language of great repute.
The fourth edition of that Grammar was repub-
lished in England by Dr. Pusey, Regius Professor
of Hebrew in the University of Oxford ; and no
small praise is it that a self-taught Professor in a
Theological Seminary, in a rural district of Xew
England, should furnish text-books in Oriental phi-
lology to the English universities, with their hered-
itary wealth of learned treasure and lordly pro-
visions for literary leisure. The Hebrew Chresto-
matliy of Professor Stuart was reprinted in like
manner at Oxford soon after its apj^earance. The
Hebrew Grammar by Dr. Lee, of Camljridge Uni-
versity, England, did not appear till six years after
the publication of Mr. Stuart's first edition. The

Univeisity Press, under his proprietorsIii]>, has reached a degree of
elegance anil accomplishment, ^vhich entitle him to a special and pa-
triotic notice. Advertisements of his ait in Oriental tj-pography, are
appended to these pages.

gratification wliicli Professor Stuart experienced in
tlie successful issue of liis own Grammar, is well
remembered by several, tlien in boyliood, who, at
his instigation, studied tlie several proof-sheets as
they passed from the press, to satisfy him and others
that a formidable language was now brought within
the reach of the youngest capacity. Of the philo-
logical merits of the Grammar I do not now S23eak.
Subsequent editions, which were in fact new books,
corrected acknowledged defects. To own mistakes
when discovered, and to correct them, was the
manly ha])it of our instructor. It is truly grand
to observe, in all the writings of Prof. Stuart, from
the earhest to the latest, an ingenuous disposition to
admit preceding errors : there was no pertinacious
clinging to an opinion because it was liis own ; and
when clearer light was obtained, and better con-
victions were reached, it was with the frankness of
a little chihl that lie took the lead in directing
attention to the fact himself

The enthusiasm vrith which Mr. Stuart was
prosecuting his ])hilological studies was soon im-
parted to others ; who seconded his exertions, and
in connection with him have accpiired an honoralile
fome. The Hebrew and Clialdaic Lexicogi'aphy of
Gesenius was transferred into English by Prof.
Gibbs. AVhat Gesenius had done in llebreu', Pas-

sow and WaU had accomplished in Greek ; and the
Greek and Englisli Lexicon by Prof, llobinson, based
on them, soon followed. Both of tliese volumes
were commenced in Prof. Stuart's family, and prose-
cuted under his aid and supervision ; and, together
with similar works, contemporaneous or subsequent,
are the fruits of that revival of j)hilological study
which began with him, whose memory we are as-
sembled to honor. Successive editions of tliese sev-
eral lexical works have appeared in Great Britain,
and are at this hour acknowledged to be standard
authorities as to the languages in which inspired
truth was revealed.

Whatever could cast light upon the Holy Scrip-
tures, or the languages in which they were con-
tained, was to Prof. Stuart a matter of exuberant
deliojht. Whether it was a discussion 1)V Middleton
on the Greek article, or an essay by Wyttenbach
on the mode of studying language, or the archaeo-
logical researches of Jahn, or the journal of an in-
telliirent traveller in the E^'ean, or Lane's book on
Egy|)t, or the explorations of the French in the val-
ley of the xsile,'" or a Greek chorus, or a discovery of
an inscription in Arabia Petrea, or exhumations in
Nineveh — any thing, from whatever source, which

^- Grepjio's Essay on ChainpoUiou \vas translated in his family.

explained a difficult verse in tlie Bible, or illus-
trated an ancient curstoni of God's peculiar 2:)eople,
or led to a better comprehension of tlie three lan-
guages in Avhicli the name of our Lord was written
upon his cross — all was hailed by this Christian
student with unbounded satisfaction.

The languages of the insj^ired Scriptures ac-
quired," and the acquisition of them rendered facile
by grammatical and lexical helps to others, his first
endeavor was to ascertain and fix the laws of Biljli-
cal interpretation. Sometimes we have doubted
whether it were well to erect the rules of herme-
neutics into the designation of a science^ so simple
and obvious do these rules appear. But when we
recall the far-fetched and fanciful interpretations
by which those simple rules have been overlaid,
not merely by rationalistic writers, but by inju-
dicious lexicographers like Parkhurst, not except-
ing the Hebrew scholars of the seventeenth cen-
tury — when we rememl)er that, in addition to the
rules of syntax, language has a history, and that
this historico-grammatical sense or v.sus lo(iiiendh
must enter into all exegesis — we are convinced

* His knowleclo'e of IleLrew was such that he read with er|ual
ease the ILjLi'ew aud the English lUUe; and often, when contnied
to liis bed hy sickiioss. or wahving in a retired street, he would solace
his lonely hours Ly chanting aluud the Ilebrew odes of David.

tliat notliing is more important than a correct
statement of tlie rules according to wliicli tlie Word
of God is to be interpreted. Not to speak of tlie
wresting of tlie Scriptures by transatlantic com-
mentators wlio could see nothing supernatural in
the New Testament ; who would explain Christ's
walking iqyon tlie sea as his wading so far as he
could and then swimming ; not to dwell on the stu-
pendous conceits of Origen ; unhappy mistakes had
been made by the best theologians of our country,
in the misuse of Scrij)ture language, during the long
period of the declension of Biblical study preceding
the revival of which we now sj)eak. Not uncom-
mon was it for these to quote from the historical or
prophetical Scriptures verses which might only be
employed by way of analogy, as proofs of a meta-
physical distinction. It was needful that the rules
which govern Biblical interpretation should most
emphatically be re-stated. After all the discri-
minations of Morns and Ernesti, republished by
Professor Stuart, if I should undertake to con-
dense his principles and practice concerning Bib-
lical exegesis, aside from all technical phraseology,
I should characterize it by common sense. Admit
the distinctions as to litei'al and tropical language
which are recognized in the ordinary convei'sation
of oi'dinary men, and those modifications of Ian-

o'uao-e wliicli are derived from local cu>?toiiis and
use, and then let Scripture interpret Scripture.
Compare spiritual things with spiritual, and let the
obvious meani'iKj of the Sacred Writings thus com-
pared, be received as the true.

As to the personal qualifications of an inter-
preter, the one, in addition to all needful kinds of
learning, which in his view was essential and indis-
pensable, was such a sym2:»athy with tlie religion of
the Bible itself, such a subjection of the heart and
life to the spirit and precepts of the Son of God, as
would give a fiuklc understanding of those things
which the natural man could never comprehend.
Here was the first point of divergency where he
beii'an to part with the most distin£;-uished Dhilolo-
gists of Germany. Sympathizing with tlieir enthu-
siasm as scholars, honoring them for tlieir literary
attainments, feeling' and acknowled^infi' his indebt-

7 O ^ CD

edness to them for so numy aids in acijuiriug the
knowledii'e of the lana'uaiii-es in which the Scrii )ture5
were given, he early felt that the student of the
Bible must l)e a man of (rod according to the re-
quirement of the Biltle ; that unless he was a spir-
itual man himself, he must fail in that discerimient,
whicl), to a religious nature, is like instinct and life
to the l)ody.

It has lieen well said, that, '' although there is

only one door to tlie kingdom of heaven, there is
many an entrance to scientific divinity. And al-
though there are exceptional instances, on the ^^'liole
we can predict what class the new-comer will join,
by knowing the door through which he entered.
If from the wide fields of speculation he has saun-
tered inside the sacred inclosure ; if he is a historian
who has been carried captive by the documentary
demonstration ; or a poet who has been arrested
by the spiritual sentiment ; or a philosopher who
has been won over l)y the Christian theory, he is
apt to patronize the gospel to which he has given
his accession, and, like Clemens Alexandrinus, or
Hugo Grotius, or Alphonse de Lamartine, he will
join the school where Taste and Reason alternate
with Revelation, and where ancient classics and
modern sages are scarcely subordinate to the men
" who spake as tliey were moved by the Holy
Ghost." On the other hand, if, fleeino- from the
wrath to come, through some faitliful saying lie has
struo'O'led into enouo-h of knowled^-e to calm his
conscience and give him peace with Heaven, the
oracle which assured his spirit will be to him
unique in its nature and supi'eme in its authority ;
and, a delator to the scheme to which he owes his
very self, like Augustine, and Cowper, and Chal-
mers, he will join the school where Revelation is
3

absolute, and where "thus saith the Lord" makes
an end of every matter." *

The two great principles which were to Prof.
Stuart as guides and as laws, in all his pursuits, were
these ; The Word of God the ultimate and su-
pkeme authority ; and the perfect freedom of
the numa:x mind ix the i^'terpretatiox of that
Word, accouxtable to xoxe but its xIuthor.
His very aim being to deliver theology from meta-
physical bondage, his first and last inquiry was, on all
theological and ethical topics. What saith tlte Word
of the Lord ? The exercise of reason he never
scouted or abjured, l)ut, believing that the Scrip-
tures were inspired of God, it was with him the
sign and perfection of reason to bow to their supre-
macy. In the nature of things, he could look with
no favor upon ecclesiastical authority. Eevering
and loving' the old scholars : honoring' ^ood men,
who, organized or individual, had done service to
the world, he acknowledged no man as master. He
put no Confession or Catechism above the Bible ;
and rejected none which agreed with the Bible.
The honestly-interpreted language of inspired Scrip-
ture had more weight and authority with him than
any creed, or council, or assembly, or church, in the
world. IIow free his mind was in following the

*' Xui'tli Britisli Review.

Scriptures, appears from the frequent instances in
which he differed from some whom he had always
loved and honored.

Amicus Plato, amicus Socrates, sed magis arnica Veritas.

How honest was his mind appears from this, that
he never strained a passage to an unnatural applica-
tion. Xever would he rely upon a doubtful verse,
preferring the greatest liberality in abandoning a
questionable text, conceding some which most are
unwilling to yield, rather than subject himself to
the imputation of an unfair and disingenuous perver-
sion of inspired language. Whether the discussion
related to an article of the creed, the nature of sin,
the doctrine of imputation, the divinity of Christ,
the eternity of future punishment, the use of wine
or the fact of ancient servitude, the habit of his
mind and the aim of his study, as every unpreju-
diced man must admit, was to give the liistorico-
grammatical interpretation of the inspired volume.

A happy illustration of this rule may be found in
his relation to the Unitarian controversy in this coun-
try. After the discussion had proceeded between
theological professors, the admirable letters of Prof
Stuart to Dr. Channing, revealed plainly enough on
what ground it was necessary to rest the whole sub-
ject ; an ap])eal to the simxAe Word of God. He

saw iu an instant, that the discussion involved, as a
vital princi2:)le, a belief in tlie inspiration and autlior-
ity of the Scriptures ; and now the ample stores of
his Biblical study came into use and application.
Men who had stood by and shaken their heads, and
doubted what would come from it, when he was
delving in the philological researches of German
scholarship, now hailed him with admiration, with
enthusiasm, with exultation, when, as the result of his
wise and severe prej^aration, he furnished that admi-
rable argument, founded on the grammatical inter-
pretation of the Xew Testament, which, to this day,
lia-s- never leen euu-icereil. Arguments against the
evangelical creed, and in favor of what is generally
designated as Unitarianism, have since appeared, of
various degrees of plausibility and skill ; Ijut where
is there a treatise, or an attem})t at one, f<junded as
is that of Professor Stuart, on the honest philology
of the original Scrijjtures i

The inspiration of the Scriptures was witli him
a belief, which admitted no reserve, or equivocation,
or hesitancy. To

Th;n first, that last, tliat midst and "witliout end,

he gave tlie full assent of his mind and heart.
That he believed when he began his acquaint-
ance with German literature, and he believed it,

if possil)le, yet more, wlien that acquaintance had
enhii'^ed into a full understandinc; of transatlan-
tic opinions. Much has been said of late, with
more or less of discrimination, as to the good or
evil of ac(][uaintance, on the part of American
theologians, with the theological productions of
Germany. It has been suspected that one is in
danger of making shipwreck of his faith by any
degree of familiarity with the language in which
these opinions are contained. Surely the opinion is
not tenable by a sound mind, that one set to the
defence of the faith, should keep himself uninformed
of the sentiments which are abroad, because they are
re]3uted to be false. Apply this principle, and you
must deny to the theological student any knowledge
of the fact that the evidences of Christianity have
been disputed in his own tongue, and leave him un-
furnished with all weapons of defence. You must
lower your lil)erality into an exact imitation of the
Papacy, and Protestantism must have its "Index
Expurgatorius," its " JAhri prohibiti," and ignorance
must be hailed as the dc^feiice of orthodoxy. When
Bil^lical criticism l)egan to revive in the middle of
the eighteenth century in Germany, through various
causes, chiefly the low state of piety in the Lutheran
church, it took a visilde tendency towards ISTeology.
Eruesti, Michaelis, and Eichhorn, enthusiasts in classi-
cal learning, applied the same principles to the study

of the Bible, wliicli governed them in profane criti-
cism. The distinction between the natural and the su-
pernatural was ignored. Hence it occurred that ideas
peculiar to Christianity were made to conform, more
or less, to deistical notions. Every thing which we
believe to be supernatural in the terms " Holy Spirit'"
and "Kegeueration," was softened down into the com-
mon ideas of praiseworthy qualities, and reception
into a religious community. The opposition be-
tween ouQ^ and Tivtvuxc was nothing more than the
contrast between reason and sensuality. Such was
the origin of that error which has lipened into all the
later forms of transatlantic infidelity. The life of
Professor Stuart began under very diflerent auspices.
Born in a laud, where not only the clearest distinc-
tions of doctrinal theology had been established,
but where Christianity itself was a living power :
" born again " in the revivals of Xew England, ex-
periencing and observing the power of the Gospel
as a regenerating agent, a spiritual man liimself, he
struck at once the distinction between the natural
and the supernatural. The Bible was not to be
looked at and judged by one faculty. He saw the
fatal deficiency of (rerman philologists. He saw it
in Rosenmuller. He felt it in Kuinoel. Early did he
foresee what we now see, as tlie i-esult of tliis early
heartless ci'iticism. He forewaiiied every Biblical
student of the dangers which were ahead. The super-

natural inspiration, and so tlie superhuman autliority
of tlie Word of God, was the key-note of all he said
and wrote. Whenever, in later times, he detected
the least tendency, as he supposed, in men like
Neander, and Tholuck, whom he loved as his own
soul, to lower in any degree the orthodox views of
inspiration, he pointed it out with the most em-
phatic reprobation. In the very last criticism from
his pen,* he mourns with inexpressible sorrow, that
Hengstenberg, whose previous writings on the Chris-
tology of the Old Testament he had so much admired,
should have so far conformed to a prevalent national
habit, as to have sul)stituted an " ideal good man"
for the person of the Messiah in some of the prophetic
Psalms. Such " silver fog " had no attractions for a
mind so sober and honest as his. The fair interpreta-
tion of the Bible as a book inspired, and not merely
the record of an inspiration, the recejotacle of a vola-
tile essence, this was his anchor and watchword to the
very last. " Xew times and new dangers call for new
and adequate defences," said he, in the article refer-
red to, and this may be taken as his dying testimony
to his country. " Our all is at stake on the Bil)le.
As surely as its inspiration is set aside, and our people
are taught that enlightened views demand them to
give it up, so surely is there an end to all evangelical

* Bibliotheca Sacra, Jan. 1852.

religion among the masses, for tliey are no plii-
losopliers in casuistry, and in tlie theory of reli-
gion. All that pertains to mere philology, the Ger-
mans have done more effectually, in general, than
any other writers whatever. But on this point of
all points, the real Christology of the Bible, it seems
to me unsafe to follow them. Then let a ministry
be trained up among ourselves, who are able and
willing to defend to the last extremity and trium-
phantly, that holy citadel of Christianity, tlLe Scrip-
tures given hy inspiration of GodT AYise testimony
with which to close a long life of discriminating and
consistent instruction !

It may T)e projier here to observe, that so inti-
mate and extensive was the acquaintance of Professor
Stuart with the writers of Germany, that two arti-
cles prepared by him on this sul)ject for the first
volume of the "Spirit of the Pilgrims," in lS2<s, were
repuidished entire in the London Eclectic Peview of
the same year ; the first deviation from the policy
of that journal for thirty volumes, in selecting and
repuldishing what was not original matter ; and this
on the ground that nowhere else was it able to
obt[iin a better statement of German opinions.

The first Commentary puldished by Professor
Stuart, that upon the Epistle to the Hebrews, a
model work of its kind, may furnish a good illus-

tration of tlie service wLicli lie rendered to his pro-
fession. The only Commentaries on this Ej)istle in
our Language, of any repute, prior to Mr. Stuart's,
not including the learned work of Mackniglit on all
the Epistles, were the one by John Owen, a cen-
tury and a half before, republished in this country
in 1811, and the other l)y James Pierce in 1733,
much esteemed by Professor Stuai-t, but never re-
pul)lished, and l)ut little known to Cis-Atlantic
readers. The commentary of Owen, like the other
huge folios made by giants in his times, is immensely
prolix and excursive. Its essays on the priesthood
of Christ are noble contributions to a systematic
Cliri.-«tology ; and the illustration of the Ej^istle is
enriched by stores of Eabbinical learning : but it
abounds with such a weight of doctrinal and experi-
mental statement, with so many digressions, each
worthy to be a treatise by itself, that while every
theologian has consulted, few have had the valor to
master it, as a whole ; while the material fact was,
that objections had Ijeen started to the authenticity
of the E^nstle itself l)y the later sceptics and critics of
Germany, which demanded an answer. The work of
Prof Stuart was singularh' methodical, comprehen-
sive, and complete. Thoroughly furnished and disci-
plined l)y his peculiar studies, he came forward to
take up the gauntlet which had been thrown duv.'n
with so much vaunting l)y the German critics. Ques-

tions, whicli it liad been supposed, tlie celel^rity of
Eieliliorn, Bertholdt and De Wette liad decided
against tlie canonical authority of the l30ok, were
subjected to a new and rigid investigation ; and scep-
tical conclusions in some instances with triumph, in
all with satisfaction, are revei'sed. The authenticity
of the book vindicated by its history, a new transla-
tion follows, with a commentary on the whole text ;
of which the chief merit is its felicitous analysis of
the apostolic argument in its connection and har-
mony of parts ; chapters and verses which before
had seemed too much as " disjecta memlra^^'' arrang-
inf^' themselves in the order and relation of a com-
pact and organic whole.'^

In 1832, appeared his Commentary on the Epis-
tle to the Romans. The oiiginal commentary by
Professor Tholuck was translated into English in
1833 ; and Calvin on the same Epistle, in Eondon,
in 183-1; both of which translations are among the
fruits of that revival of Biljlical literature, of wliich
the object of this memoir was undoubtedly the
author. It would l)e impossiljle for any one to wiite

* The London EvangX'lical Magazine of 1S28, unliositatiiigly pro-
nounces rrofessor Stuart's Cominentary on the Kpi.-lle to the
Hebrews, as the " most vahuible phiLjlogical help ever piiblislied in
the En ghsh language," for the critical study of this important buuk of
the XfW Testament. This and the Conunentary on Itomans Avere re-
publish.ed in England by l)rs. J. 1'. Smith and Ilendcrsiju.

upon the Epistle to tlie Romans, witliout passing
within the suspicion of tlieological prt^udice from
some quarter. But let any one peruse the preface of
Prof. Stuart to this Commentary, and we cannot see
how he can fail to admire its childlike honesty, or
concede that the work is accomplished with as much
candor as belongs to any thing human. Plain enough,
he did not Ijegin with Van Maestric or Turretin, and
then resort to the Apostolic argument for proofs
of his preconceived theology. He supports no
views as a polemic partisan. He maintains no hy-
pothesis as a prejudiced disputant. He presents, with
a most skilful regard to the particles of connection,
the reasonings of the Apostle, according to the rules
of Greek syntax. In so doing, he endeavors to disen-
tangle the web which speculative theology has wo-
ven, and set aside all that is irrelevant. The "loci vex
atissimi" he desimates with an honest announcement.
AVhere he is not satisfied himself, he frankly avows it,
counting the humility of ignorance far better than
the arrogance of conceit. At one time, he differs from
the paraphrase of Dr. Taylor, and again from Calvin ;
and if every theologian does not find in this admirable
work, all which he might desire to support the dog-
mas to which, from the prejudices of education, he has
been attached, it will be for him to show by a Ijetter
philology of the Greek construction, that the original
text will bear a truer meaning.

It would be impossible in tbe limits of tliis
discourse, to give a full and correct historical de-
tail of all tlie writings of Professor Stuart. Not the
least in permanent value are his contributions to
our principal theological publications, to the amount
of over two thousand pages, embracing some of the
most interesting and able discussions in all Bi])lical
literature.

There is one subject upon which, did time allow,
we should be pleased to dilate, both for its intrinsic
importance, and the degree of study bestowed upon
it by our revered instructor — the interpretation of
the j)ro])lietical Scriptures. Two things pertaining
to the prophecies did not suit his habit of tliiidv-
ing ; that they should be overlooked and under-
valued ; or that they should be perverted l^y pri-
vate interpretation into all manner of fanciful con-
ceits. Many parts of his work on the Apocalypse
controvert the common opinions of Bil^lical readers.
But the immense amount of learning displayed in
completing what may l^e called the natural history
of the l)ook, may wait long for a competent critic
to pronounce upon its merits. Whether we believe
or disbelieve his conclusions in many passages, it
is alike the propriety of candor, and the absolute
necessity of the case, that this attempt to elucidate
a book of acknowledged mystery, of seals, and vi-

sions, and nneartlily agents, should aljide not only the
judgment of posterity, but, as ^VG are convinced, the
disclosures of future centuries.

AVe are not so presumptuous as to enter upon
a critical examination of the several productions of
Prof. Stuart. Admit that many opinions, inaccura-
cies if you will, are to Le found in them which you
are not disposed to receive. Assert, if it 1)6 your
opinion, that in his chosen line of study there are
his superiors. Then will we ask you candidly to
survey the labors of one, through whose service
you are enalded to detect what is inaccurate, and
improve upon what is defective. Then will we ask
you especially to observe that we are speaking of
one who never harbored the thought of personal
infallibility ; who was always improving upon him-
self ; whose very characteristic was that noble mao--
nanimity which consists not in never slipping, but
always rising again, and advancing upon his own
ideas of excellence ; therefore, let no mistake or
defect discerned by the nicest criticism render you
blind to what is essentially good and great. In
particular fpialities he may have many e(|uals and
superiors ; but in that rare combination of many
excellencies which fitted liim for his sphere and his
times he was unrivalled. Xot to admit these obli-
gations would be to inutate the requital which

stings the bosom hj wliicli the warmth of life was
imparted.

But it was in his personal intercom-se with his
students, and especially in the lecture room, that
the influence of Prof. Stuart was the most remarka-
ble. Place some men, of great learning and accom-
plishments, before a class, and their presence is
weak and their speech contemptible. They ac-
complish far more with the joen than tlie voice.
The reverse of this was true with our instructor.
Punctual at the appointed hour, a brief and im-
pressive prayer for divine direction commenced the
exercise, and so rapid were the electric sparks
which, in the form of questions, remarks and sug-
gestions, flew off on the right hand and left, that
the most slua^2:ish nature was roused, the utmost
enthusiasm excited, and when the hour was passed,
a whole class hurried to the prosecution of their
studies, as if they had just discovered what treasures
of knowledge were opening Ijefore them, and that
life was too short to waste a moment in their acqui-
sition. "Whether we can analyze the secret of it
or not, he must have posses-ed an extraordinary
power over the minds of his pupils, when the men-
tion of his name, or a glimpse of his person, never
failed to a^\'aken a kindly emotion ; when the repe-
tition of his Latin maxims, or the imitation of a

gesture peculiar to himself, excites a grateful smile,
as recalling sometliing particularly pleasant. The
personal habits of small men are worthy of no
notice. The secret of all this was in the honest
and hearty sympathy he felt in all that was gene-
rous and good.''^

* From a note received from Rev. ^Ir. Byington, now superin-
tending, in this city, tlie printing of the Choctaw translation of the
Old Testament, I c|uote the following extract : — " Mr. Stuart gave
great attention to our class, as it was the first that studied Ilebrew
under him with the points. He had great power to rouse up our
minds and draw our hearts to him. I need not say how much, as a
missionary, I have been benefited by his instructions during all my
life among the Indians. His works have a peculiar power to make
the reader feel that he also is jyt'^sent. His urging us to read some
Hebrew every day has had a kind of legal force with me for many
years. In my log cabin in the woods, often have I dreamed of being-
back at Andover, till in my dream I have wept.

" Last summer I visited Andover. I went first to the very room
I once occupied ; where I had prayed with Fisk and Parsons, Spaul-
ding and Winslow, Thurston, Temple, Goodell, and Bird. My heart
was full enough.

" I called on Prof. Stuart, and was directed to his study. I had
not seen him since February, 1820. I was afraid he would not
know me. I met him and called him by name. He approached me
with open hand, looked for a moment, and said, ' Ah, yes ! I know
you by your eye.' Glad was I to ]:»e known on earth by such a man.
So many dear friends I had met who knew me not, that the prospect
of meeting others began to be painful. I inquired of him about
his studies. He very pleasantly remarked, ' I feel as though I was

As to tlie personal cliaracter of Prof. Stuart, it
was read and known of all men. Whatever faults
he had, never did he subject one to the necessity
of ferretino^ them out. Frank, confidino' and im-
pulsive, he abhorred dissimulation. Never could he
afford the time, nor subject himself to the trouble
of accomplishing an end by circumvention, so long-
as he believed tliat a straight line — ^tliat beauti-
ful symbol of righteousness — ■ was in morals, as in
mathematics, the shortest between two points. He
would rather have been accused of imprudence than
suspected of trickery. Familiar with his person
and domestic haljits from my infancy, it is some-
thing for me to say that lie was always the favorite
of the young. Ardent in temperament, transpa-
rent in character, simple in manners, there were
a thousand points ■\^diere his manly sympatliies
touched the affinities of Ijoyhood. The necessities
of a nervous temperament oljliging him to be

now aljout prepared for my laljoi's.' 1 )cep "was llie interest he
exjirc--L-i] in all Lis old students. '•'' '•'■' '•'" '" '•' ^

■"I met liini once niure. ^\llen he Avas taking liis niornin^' walk.
Ilis grrC'ting was ^pi-eially kind. An<l there 1 parted -with the man
wLom^ intiuenre ov^r me had heen the me>-t marked and decisive all
my life. And tlit-re. in my memory, with his statf in his hand, and
his kiinl luuks un a Choctaw nri->ii)nary, he lives, and will li\e in
!ny memory till I g<j whei'e I hope to meet him in the presence of
our Saviour in heaven."

methodical in physical exercise, his ardor in. work-
ing his garden, plying an axe and saw, or accom-
plishing his daily walk, had a charm for the 2:)eople
of simple habits among whom lie lived ; revealing
to them that he was amljitious of nothing beyond
sound health of l:)ody and mind, for the better
prosecution of his professional pursuits. Xever
overstepping the proprieties of his profession, he
was not suspected of any thing bordering on the
artificial and sanctimonious. Leaning over a fence,
when taking his accustomed walk, he had some-
thing to say to a kxljorer which would make him his
admiring friend for life. The correspondent and
friend of distinguished men across the sea, who will
hear of his decease with great grief, no mourners at
his funeral were more deeply moved than the farm-
ers and mechanics whom he had accosted with kind
greetings every day for forty years. Addicted to
the life of a student, study was his delight. Adopt-
ing a few hours for severe and uninterrupted study,
rarely exceeding three and a half — and these in the
early part of the day — (his varied and immense
readinir in other hours would have been called
study 1)y others) — he never worked with a jaded,
strained and wearied mind ; consequently, hardship
was never associated with his pursuits, but delight
always. How often did he refer — the reference

may l)e met several times in liis writings, and
often was it made in conversation- — ^to the marked
difference between Dr. Johnson and Passow, Lexi-
cographers, one of English and the other of Greek,
as to the feelings with which they pursned their
work. The former has defined a Lexicographer as
"a liOJ- rules s draJjje^'^ showing that Johnson, while
he revelled in book-reading, vras disgusted with
the toils of a philologist in hook-making. But
Passow describes his own work after tliis manner :
•• It is common for the writers of dictionaries to
complain of their tedious, protracted, hateful toil,
in order, as it would seem, to set off their pre-emi-
nent reii'ard for the public, in submitting' to be
drudges so long fur their profit. I have no such
story to tell. On the contrary, I have laTjored
more than twenty years on this ^rork, and in-ti-ad
of beimi" stretched on the rack all tlii^ time, I have
been only swimming in an Cjcean of jdeasure."
" ^ohlij sold!" was the lii'cirt}' language of appro-
bation Avith which Prof Stuart ah\"ays rpioted the
Greek Philologist, as expressive of the })lea<ure
he had himself derived from intellectual labors.
That plea--ure was never exliausted. N<.) pursuit,
no positi(jn in the world could have tempted him
from tliose studies which were the ofyect and the
reward of his life. Because, in a recent cri-i> of

the country, lie Avas constrained l)y liis views of
duty, self-moved and spontaneous as I know the
act to have been, to sun'C-est some IjilJical and
philological facts which liad a direct hearing on
political cpiestions then agitating the nation, it has
been whispered in some quarters that he was am-
bitious of entei'ing upon political life. Never was
there a surmise more unfounded. To those who
knew him best, there is in it somethino; hidicrous
and absurd. There was not an office in the world
wdiicli, in his view, had greater charms, or higher
honors, than tliat of an interpreter of the Word of
God. In a letter received from him not long
before his death, he says, " I am meditating fresh
labors. I think of a volume on Jonah, Ilabakkuk,
and Nahum ; and am balancing between this and
the E})istle to the Galatians. Often do I weep in
secret j^laccs over this })ros23ect," — • referring to
new forms of scepticism - — " and ardently long to
do something more in defence of auilwritative uh<<][)i-
rat'ioii^ our only charter and compass." Two days
l>ef()re he died he finished the revision of his Com-
mentary on the book of Proverbs, just now about
to be issned from the press, and to which a melan-
choly interest will alAva}'s attach as the latest pro-
duction of his pen.

The Commentaries of Prof Stuart not l)einii'

adapted for popular use, Lut designed for profes-
sional students, tlieir sale was never very lucrative
to liim. In their disposition, the noLle enthusiasm
of the scholar was always uppermost, often, as he
has heen told by others, to his pecuniary loss.
With a morbid sensibility did he shun, as a thing
to be loathed, the imputation of making a book for
the sake of money. If the choice had Ijeen for him
to make between a scholai'ly Ijook, which would do
honor to his profession and his country, with no
gain but even a loss of money to him, and a com-
mon-place volume, designed for popularity, with
immense sales and immense profits, he could not
have hesitated for a moment. A lo\'e for his pro-
fession, and a religious amlution to elevate and
honor it, compelled him to turn from pj'o})osals,
frequently addressed to him, to prepare a series of
more popular puTdications, and the high-toned })ur-
pose which forbade his concession to a more lu-
crative employment was not without some fears,
shadows and anxieties as to future supyport, which
only rendered his j'^Grsistence the more manly and
heroic.''"

■'* Tliiit I speak not imachisftdlv on this suhjoct Aviil a])poar from
tlic folloAviiiL;' extract of a ](_-ttcr, addix-ssed tu J'rof. Stuart hy one of
tlie largest ])ul>llsliiiig- Louses in the country. It lias referenc(; to
negotiations for the puhlieation of his ■\vork on l*ro\erl)s.

These anxieties, creating more or less of despon-
dency, were never known l)eyond tlie confidence of
private friendship. The public never suspected that
his latest labors Avere projected and prosecuted with
a secret hurt in his heart. Less we cannot utter
than this decided testimony, that it would have
been more for the honor of our Alma Mater to
have retained this distino:uislied Professor in the
full emoluments of that office upon which his name
had shed sucli renown, to the very end of his days,
rather than, by accepting the resignation which his
own nice and delicate sense of honor had volun-
teered, in view of declining health, to have entailed
the possibility of wounding in the evening of his
life the man to whom so much of her fame was
owing.'"'' Those lil^ei'al-minded merchants, Bartlett
and Brown, could never have cherished any thing
but generosity for one whose success and honor
were a reward and honor to themselves.

"AVe h;icl supposed tlint tlic work referred to was a lyojyular
commentary. "With a work of tliis Idiid, from your pen, and on such
a subjeet, we coukl 'take the country.' But, creditable to us as it
certainly would be, we are really afraid to commit ourselves for the
publication of tlie more learned and critical work now 2'>roposcd."

'''■' 'J'he writer is aware of tlic explanation given of this measure ;
that the endowments of tlie Seminary yielded but a certain amount
of income, and that this amount Avas necessary to renumerate tlie

But here is a disparity — tlie inadequate rewards
of literary taleut and attainment' — which, for its
explanation, demands all our philosophy and all our
religion. A man with no thirst for knowledge, and
no taste for letters, rises to affluence, though nnable
to read the inscription emblazoned on the panels
of his equipage ; while another, devoting a whole
life to studies which advance learnhio' and reliaiou,
and reflect honor on the land of liis niitivity, poorly
compensated at the best, must bear up, at last, with
the despondent fear, that an nnrequited toil may
terminate in an old age of dependence. The essay

actual services of instructors, -with no sur}>lus for the support of others,
bevond the iiieayre sum >\hieh was allowed the two oldest Professors on
their retirement, after having been eonneeted >vith the Institution for
nearly half a centuiy. The (-eneral Assembly of the Presbyti-rian
Church u'<.'nerou>lv insisted that ])v. Miller, oil resigning his C(Minection
^vitll rrinceton Theological Scnhnary, should continue to receive the
full amount cif his former salary for life. And >ve cannot but think
had tlie fict been known to the chui'chcs of Ma<saeliusctts that I'rof.
Stuart, when a vear's illness, ly which he Jiad lieeii dejirived of the
powei' to ^tudy and instruct, led him to tender the re-ignalidU of liis
oftii-e, was at once reduced from the c>rdinai'v stijicnd wliich haliils
liad made essential to his comfjit. to a small fi'actidu of the amount,
tliey Would have sjiontaneously furnidied the Seminar\- witli the
means of a more just, not to say lilieral procedure, auil so have saved
one of the most distingui-lied s(holars of oiu' land hv>m a state of
mental dt'pi'cssion, Avhich, for two years, was as the valley uf the
sliadow of death.

of Epictetiis explains the ni}'stery in part : all these
thino's are commodities in tlie market of life, and it
is 1)\' exchanges and Ijarter that one is procured at
the loss of another ; and the attahnnents and re-
wards of Christian scholarship are cheaply bought
at any price, even if the AVord of God did not de-
cide the l)alance hj tlie promise of future reversals
and promotion, " TJiei/' irorhs do follow tli.em.y
The Dervise in the Arabian tale was riii'ht when
he abandoned to his comrade the camels with their
load of jewels and gold, while he retained the cas-
ket of that mysterious juice which enabled him to
l)ehold, at one glance, all the hidden riches of the
universe. '■•■ Xo external advantage is to be compared
with that purification of the intellectual eye, which
enables us to contemplate the infinite wealth of the
spiritual world.

That which gave liveliness and warmth to the
character of Prof. Stuart was his undissembled
])iety. It was no secular and)ition which impelled
him. Xo one could have sus})ected such a motive.
A\']iether as a pastor, or a student, the promotion of
pure religion, the extension of the Redeemer's king-
dom, was the ascendant purpose and delight of his
life. Thei'c was one occasion, where his deportment
was so rcmarkal)le that it never failed to leave a

''' Macaulr

■^}''

deep impression on every sj^ectator — ilie table of
our Lord. So tliorouglily had liis mind become
imljued, by long study, witli all tlie syml:)olic prom-
ises and didactic expositions of that great event
which the Eucharist was desio'ned to commemorate ;
and so thoroughly pervaded was his heart with the
gratitude and love which the scene insj^ired, that
emotion was often denied an utterance, and the
deep 2:)athos of his pra}'ers comes back to the mem-
ory of many, as they stirred our hearts in former
years. The religion of " a broken heart " pervaded
his theological science. The atonement by the Di-
vine Redeemer was not a cold speculation, but the
life of his life, and the anticipated joy of his eter-
nity ; and the fervent and indescribaljle manner
with which he was wont to ascribe " blessing a^n'd
iioxoii a:s"d glory and do3Iixion" unto the Lamb,''
revealed the delio-lit which now he feels, amid the
choirs of the blessed, harping witli their harps, and
casting their crowns before the throne, in the adc)-
rations and rejoicings of heaven.

Althoui^'h he had reached the limit of threescore
years and ten, many circumstances coml)ined to
create the liope that Prof Stuart would prosecute
his studies for several years t<> come. A slight ac-
cident, as we say, decided the case otherwise. Tak-
ing his daily walk the sled of a boy occasioned him

a fall ill tlie street, by whicli tlie bone of the wrist
was fractured. The pain and confinement wliicli
followed rendered liim nnable to withstand a severe
cold by which he was subsecjuently seized, and
which, passing into a typhoid fever of several days,
terminated his earthly life. At times during his
illness, his mind displayed its usual vigor, and he
conversed on subjects of public interest with that
vivacity which was common to him. T^o apprehen-
sions of immediate danger were felt by his family
until the day on whicli he died.

AA'hen his pliysician expressed to him at one
time the hope that his sickness was not unto death.
he replied, "Unto the glory of God — Inji unto
death." With perfect serenity he conversed of the
prospect before him ; and expressing no wish to
continue longer, save for the sake of his ftimih' and
the execution of a "three yeai*s' woi'k," in his fa-
vorite study, which he had already projected, his
strong desire was to go so soon as God should see
fit to grant him release.

Twenty-three years before — the association may
be pardoned to filial remembrance — a Christian
mother, in the neiii^liborhood, was waitinii' the near
approach of death. It was a night of uncommon
severity ; an unprecedented storm was raging with-
out, but all was serenity within. ]\[r. Stuart, whom

neither cold nor tempest conld deter from tlie offices
of frieudslii]), was there, to give the last consolations
of religion to the dying and the bereaved. With
the return of winter, the storm has come again, and
it is howling over the house-tops as before. He
who was the consoler before, is the sufferer now.
Snfferer is not the word — for God had spared him
pain, and in the exhaustion of death was mingled
peace in believing. Knowing that the hour so
often anticipated had come, he said that he icas
ready- — ^that his confidence in the gospel had lifted
his soul above- all doubts, and at midnight, on the
first Sabbath of the year, he Cj[uietly fell asleep.

Our venerated instructor and generous friend is
o'one. AVe cannot stifle our regret, when we think of
his familiar form as buried beneath the snows of
winter ; but this is our joy that on earth he has ac-
complished a noljle work, and the rewards thereof
he will ever enjoy in heaven. His real life is not
and cannot be lost. That which, amid nniny dis-
coura<2:ements, he had undertaken fortv-two vears
before, he was permitted to see successfully accom-
plished. He had rejoiced over the revival and ex-
tension of Ijiblical studies. The idea of what was
befitting a theological education had been essen-
lially modified. He had trained up a cor])s of min-
isters, who, not delieient in other matters, are dis-

. 59

tingulslied for an exegetical knowledge of tlie in-
spired Scriptures. lie lias left Iteliiud liim many
Elislias, in whose zeal and success in biblical learn-
ing lie felt tlie deepest interest. Placed in jjei'sonal
contact witli some fifteen hundred students, since
then, the presidents and professors of seminaries
and colleges, pastors of churches, missionaries of the
gospel, secretaries of philanthropic societies, editors
of literary and religious publications, his influence
has been and will be felt in e\'ery ([uarter of the
glolje. There is one aspect of that influence which
possesses a peculiar interest. The zeal ^\hich ani-
mated him in the study of the original Scriptures,
and the rules which guided him in their interpreta-
tion, were repeated by his many pupils, who, going
from under his innnediate instruction, were set to
the foundation-work of modern missions, the trans-
lation of the A\^ord of God into so many languages
and dialects of the earth. Judson in Burmese, Gor-
don Hall and Xewell in Alahratta, AVinslow and
Spaulding in Tamul, Thurston and Bingham in Ha-
waian, Goodell in Armeno-Turki.di, Temple and
Kimi' in modern Greek, Bwinaton, Kin^^sljury and
Wright in Choctaw, AVorcester in Cherokee, I) wight
and Biggs in modern .Vrmenian, Bridgman in Chi-
nese, Schautflei' in Heln'ew-Spanish, Jones in Si-
amese, Perkins in modern Syriac, Hall in Ojilnvay,

Grout in Zulu, Bryant in Grebo, Walker in Mpon-
gwe ; tliere was not one of tliese who did not remem-
ber and lienor their instructor as their chief quali-
fication for success when they prosecuted the diffi-
cult and invaluable service of rendering the Scrip-
tures into the lani^-uaees of the heathen." Somethino^
bordering upon the romantic is there, that while
he, in solitary toil, was gathering from all the
dialects of the East whatever could elucidate the
inspired Scri23tures, his reward was to come when
men trained Ijy his wisdom, and inspired with his
enthusiasm, carried his name and influence back to
the Acropolis at Athens, to the isles of the ^Egean,
the valley of the Xile, to Jerusalem and Damascus,
the Tigris and Euphrates, to Ararat and Mesopota-
mia, and to the remoter lands beyond the Ganges.
"When the farae which is founded on pride, wealth
and aml)ition has faded away into nothingness, the
rio'hteous shall be held in everlastiuo- remembrance.
and the fruits of their laljor shall be reproduced
in interminaljle results. There is nothing in our
nature or relis'ion which inclines us to what, foi'

'" Tlii^, bv no means, compii-^-s all llie pupils of Prof. Stuart
wlio Lave dovotoil their lives to niis-ioiiarv labors — about one hun-
dred in mimbei'. I ha\e mentioned onlv such as rose readily to my
memi,iry, without eonsultini^ a catalo2'ue.

want of a ])ettcr name, is so well understood in our
language by " Boswellism." But we trust that we
sliall never be unwilling to discover and li()nor true
excellence ; tliat no accidental defect or association
may render us blind to intrinsic and essential good-
ness ; and that we may always be 2:)rompt to re-
coo:nize those lights which God has kindled on the
earth, to assist our race in knowledge, virtue, and
religion.

When Philip Melancthon, that rare model of a
scholar, was near his end, he mentioned several things
on account of which, he felt that it would be a pleasure
for him to die. The one was, that he should escaj^e
the odium theologicuni ; the next, that he should be
refined and perfected from all sin ; and that in the
presence of God and the Lamb, he should find
a solution of those manifold mysteries of the divine
existence, al:>out which his mind had so lona' and
eagerly been eniplo}'ed. If we should add to these
the anticipation of meeting the good of all times, in
pure and perpetual fellowsliip, nothing, we believe,
could Ijetter express those sources of joy, which
made once the prospect, and now the fruition of
heaven, so delightful to the friend, wlio, in more
than one jiohit, l)ore resemblance to the accom-
plished Reformer. Xothing save sin itself, did he
so heartily detest as the prejudice, which, incapable

of discerning real wortli, because of unimportant
denominational or pliilosopliical distinctions, repelled
and debarred the lionest and Christian believer
from heavenly catholicity. The gradations of
celestial joy, ^ye admit, are not measured so much
by intellectual attainments a- moral affinities. But
is there no ditlerence in that wr)rld of light, l)etween
a child of ignorance, though sanctified in atlection,
and a man whose mind is vigorous through di-^ci-
pline, expanded and alert by divine knowledge <
What joy must dilate the ransomed souls of ]\Iilton.
Howe and Ed^vards, as they comprehend in its
unity and harmony

'• tliat 2'reat eternal scheme.

Involving all,''

which wa- the tlif/me of their life-long study. Conjec-
ture ha- given place to certainty : doubt to infallilde
conviction : and inystery to the l:)rightne-s (A' the
sun. It is a suldime joy we feel, whrn we f >llow
the spirit c-f our ven^-rated instructor to sueli an entire
and cloudless satisfaction : and think ui' his a<lmis-i'_)n
into the soci(:'ty of the lir,-t-born, whose n;imes wer*^
his ailiiiiration, and works his <tudy while here on
eai-tli. \o jiagan dream ever yet conceiveil such
a divine >\'mpo-ium, as that which the Holy (dio-t
has promised to the good, at the marriage >uj)per

of tlie Lamb. Better to converse there with tlie
old scholars, seeing eye to eye, than to atteraj)t to
understand them through the imperfect medium oi'
human language. Better to join the royal Psalmist
in the melodies of the upper temple than with dim
and wearied eye to study out the import of those
lyrics which he was inspired to write as the
" march melodies '' of the church on earth. Bet-
ter to stand with Isaiah and Ezekiel, with Daniel
and with John on the sea of glass amid the sul)linie
adorations before the throne, than to labor on throuo'h
wearisome days and nights to comprehend something
which the Holy Ghost intended in those visions
which shed unearthly splendor on the exiled pro-
23hets by the river Cliebar and the isle of Patmos.
Better, far better, to join with Paul, in the full ad-
miration and joy of satisfied intelligence, seeing as
we are seen, knowing as Ave are known, " Oh, the
depths, the depths of the wisdom and the love of
God," than to decipher out the alphabet and the
syllables of religion amid the impei'fections and mis-
takes of those who see in part, and know only in
part. To that society of the just made perfect,
death has of late been opening the door of admission
for many associated with theological science ; Chal-
mers in Scotland, A'inet in Switzerland, Xeandei'
in Germany, John Pye Smith in England, Alex-

under and Stuart in America. By many precious
spirits lias tlie eartli been impoverished, and lieaven
enriclied. Tlie stars are sliinino' tliicker and thicker
in the firmament above. An easy transition will it
be for us, as we gain and exceed the meridian of
life, to pass away ; for the majority of those w^e
honor and love have preceded us, and the attrac-
tions of heaven are stronger and more numerous than
those of the earth. Borrowing aid from the exam-
j)le of others, and most of all from the Spirit of God,
may it be ours, T)e our stations obscure or honored,
to bless the world accoi'ding to that method pre-
scribed by our divine Lord, — "who would be great,
let him serve;" that when we die, to some we may
still speak in lives and labors of Christian useful-
ness.

PROF. BEL A B. EDWARDS, D.D.

Just as the preceding pages were going to press, the
afflictive intelligence was received of the decease of this
distinguished scholar, long the associate, and recently the
successor, of Prof Stuart, in the Professorship of Sacred
Literature at Andovcr. So soon are Friendship, Learn-
ing, and Religion called to deplore a second and irrepa-
rable loss.

Prof Edwards was born at Southampton, Mass. ; gra-
duated at Amherst College in 1824, and at the Theolo-
gical Seminary at Andovcr in 1830. OfQclally connected
with the American Education Society, he conducted, with
great ability, the Quarterly Eegister, one of the most use-
ful periodicals of the country. In 1833, he established
the American Quarterl}- Observer, a publication which
reflects, in every number, his ripe scholarship, ample
charity. Christian patriotism and })hilantliropy. After
two years, the Observer was united with the Biblical
Eepository, then under the editorship of Prof Eobinson ;
and the joint publication was conducted by Mr. Edwards
until after his election as Professor of Hebrew in the
^Vndover Seminary. In the year ISl-l, Prof. Edwards
and others issued the hrst number of the Bibliotheca Sa-
cra ; and to this invaluable publication did he contribute
his learning and labor to the end of his life.
5

As a scholar, Prof. Edwards was distinguished by inde-
fatigahle diligence, accuracy and thoroughness. lie had
not a particle of pretence about him, lie was not one of
those whom Lord Bacon reproves for ^^ seeming wise."" All
was solid and substantial. The vastness of his leai'ning was
equalled oidv Ijy his singular modesty. Ili.-^ classmate in
the Theological Seminary, the Avriter can testify to the
wisdom of his early plans for a truly liberal and thorough
culture. He laid a deep and strong foundation, and every
day of his subsequent life added to his intellectual afflu-
ence. Beautiful was the enthusiasm of his scholarship,
and quick his sympathies with all which related to the
cause of letters and religion. The intensity uf his devotion
to the great pursuit of his life always made him calm and
sober; and so thoroughly was he imbued with a religious
spirit, that, although he was cut down in the midst of his
days, with large and cherished literary hopes unaccom-
plislied, we have no doubt that he fell asleep with the
same tranquillity which characterized his manners when
living. Lijng Avill it be before Christian Learning can
j)oint her disciples to a nol)ler model of diligence, zeal,
charity, purity. sim}ilicity and godly sincerity, than is
dis[)laycd in the truly useful life, and well-balanceil char-
acter, of Bel A Batks Eiavakijs.

Though the up-routing of these our ''trees of righteous-
ness " by tlie violence of death, is like those which .Ihieas
described in Thrace as followed l)y l/iood, we will not de-
spair as did the son of Anchises over an unfavorable
omen : believing as Ave do that cveiy drop of anguish
extorted by the death of men. whom our country knows
not how to sjnire, Avill prove the seed of a future growtJi.
the im}Mike to a nobler emulation and the promise of an
endless re})roduction.

iBink nn& cDritntiil (r'pr.

G E E E K

r I c A

'El' do/i^ i]v b '/.oyoz,yiUi 6 /.oyoQ iiv tiqu; tov ih-
6v, ^(d ihoQ 7jV b Lay 02, Oiiroi ;/?' hv (^Q/ji ■^Q(K
TOV {hop. ITui'ra ()f- avrov iylvtro, y.ut ycooiz c<i'~

S M A L L I' I C A .

i^v 6 )j'r/o,\ OiTO,' i]v h' UQ'/Ji nnh.; tov dtov. TIiuTa di' ulroi
r/trtTO, y.ai '/(oiji^' aitov r/titTO ovdt t'r, o ytyoity. 7..V aiTJ) Tco/,

L X (■ I' R r M K )i , NO. I .

^Ep cloyrj 7;?' o /.oyoc. y.cd 6 Aoyog ?',P rrooc Tcv \}f6p. y.u)
Otiq i\p o /.oyoc. Oiioc I'p tp cloyj, ttooc tov Ofrop. Jhura
di^ carov lytvtio. y.ccl yMo'iz ccvioi tytpcro oidi tp. T y^yi>-

L X (' 1^ 1{ I M K K . X O . II.

Xoyo:. OiTo: ),r fV ('(Q/j'i ^Q( g Tor ihor. llmxu dt' uvtov fyiifiu.
xul /0)'n~ uiiov tyitno oi5i ti\ o ytyovii. IW uliCt ^oi/', ir, vau ?' «w/,

GBEEK—Coniinued.

B O U R G E I S .

Ev aoxri Tji' o ).oyoq. y.ai o /o/o; r^v Tlinq xuv O^for. y.al &fr); ?,)' h '/.o-
yo;. Oirn:; 7j>' iv un/rj non^ Tor i9^foi'. Jlurra f3i aiTor h/fvnn^ y.al
;Kti;o(; aiToi* iyf'rern oiSf tv, o yfyorer. Ev airi'i lo)ti t]i. y.ul ?; -ojr rt

B K E V I E K .

'Er ctrj^ri ijii b 'Xoyo;, Kal o }<6yos }]f -oCii tuv 6i6v, ki\ Oeoi r]v )o%o5. Ovroc pf
€V dnT(^^ ~ods rof Oiov. Ilti^ra 6i' airov iyii/iro, KnX yW'is av-rov iytvtro oici li,, o
yiyovtv. 'Ki' avToi ^f.)?; ^v, Koi i) ^oj'i vi' to Cjcoj tui' olpOo'-'j-oji' " k'ai to OcDj if rij uku-

P E S X I A X G li E E K .

S M A L L 1' I C A .

'Ev upxv V^ ^ Xoyo^. Kal 6 \6yo^ rjv rrpo^ top '^eov. Kal
'&eo? yv 6 Xoyo?. Ovro^ i]v ev apXV '^po^ "^ov ^eov. Uavra
Bl' avTov iyevero. Kal ^&)/3(? avrov iyevero ovde ev, o yeyovev.

L N G 1 ' K I M E li .

'Ev ('pXV 'P' ^ Xoyo;, Kat u Aoyo? 7)1' — pos rw Seov, Kal .^eos '//i' o
Aoyos. OiTO? -;)r cc "/j;(7] rrpos to:' -^£(;i'. IJarra ot avroi cyeVcTO.
Ktti X'^-'t-''-'^ avTov eyerero oiOc cr, u yeyoi ei'. Ei' aurco ^ojv/ 7)r, Kut 7/

B U K f; E 1--.

'Ev npxV 11^ ^ Xtiyof. K(u 6 Xfiyof I'/u 77/Jus T(ii> 'cn'tv. kul ~eos yjv o Aoyof.
Oiror 7/1' e^' "pX'! ~i>"^ '''^'^ ^fov. YldPTu ol cutov eyivera. Kd'i )(coj)\s ai-
Tov (yiviTo albi eV, o ytynvev. V.v airw ^ojj/ ijv. Ka\ rj ^ccr) /))' nj (pis rJjr

B K E \' I !■: ); .

'Ev a.px]i I'lV (J Ao'/oy, Ka\ 6 Ao'yoj iji' ~pos tui> b^of. Kal Sxhs fji' o Kuyo',.
OSroy 'ffv iv dpx^i Trpoj rot' iyeih'. Xldi'Ta 5i' ai'ToC f^frera. Kal X'^'P'* ci^'ror tyf-
I'eTo ouSe eV, o -/iyitviv. 'Er auToi^ Ca'?) 7/1', Kal 7'? (.'017; i\v to does tu'V aybpu-rrui' •

(')9

HEBREW.

G K E A T ]' K I M E K .
— : : " : — I •/ : t t : t ' •/ t t

"H; D^nbs ■^?2^<"J : G"^n "S^b^ Tzrr'J2 C'ribs

E X (i E I S II .
f V r t: I V t t *• ; . — t — •• • v: t t • •• ;

I> I C A .

nn-'H y\i<r\'\ :f"isjn nsi D'^'afn nx n^n'bx xna rrrxia'
"'3s-b:^ Jn£nn"a D^n'bx n^nn oinn ^:2-by tjirn^ ^nhi 'nn
Tii? D^n'bK iin;^] tnix-^n^ii nit? ^n^ n^nbs tcs^] id'^^gh

S M A L L ]' I C A .

c^ri'35* "irx*;] : s'^an "^is"^? 5^sn-,?o c'^r/px n'li .c-lnn ^:e-?:' ~wn'
",13 c^fn'px ^j-is^i 3i::-''3 nixn-rj< dn'PX N";i^i ; "i"'J<""r!"" n-x -n-^

B O U H C E I S .
(urnioiT POINTS.)

nm Dinn 'js^Sr 'i^'m mm .inn nn%n -p^xm
\n» D\nSN* noNn :D^t2n ^j£)"Sr nsnio D%n^N

MINI O X .
(without roiNTs.)

1:^-;" -rm '-z^ "nn nr,"'r; "-.x-' : -,--Nn r\- c^rr, rx s-rr'-x x-- r-zix-z
c-npx x-^T : — .x-TT^i ".-^x ^n- c^npx "-x^i : ::'^;cn ^:r-:r re-—: i-rirx r~- z:rr,
-jr-^pi si- -'X5 n-'nbx x-p"^! : "jrnn ■j^si -nxn y^i L'r'-a 5^2■^ z'-"-^z — xn-nx

70
V, A B B I X I C .

S M ALL PIC A .

"Dt T' "'t^H ■irf'M : err 'rr-if? trp'?)' cdH pni cirp ':r"h

S A ^I A Pv I T A X

^1:^171 :2A^^rn ^in^iA *^^^m ^^ii^s

t^^WiTl^ 'TOiTimt ^^^^'^^A

E T 11 I P I C .

r I c A .

(D-t^n : pffi : uap : -i- : '^iii : (D/Tiiij :: (d^iap :
•jfi: ^"iiiA-n: iTbC: (i)j?a: A"5ii.^ : AV^'5i : ^<:p*h:
?ia: n-nih,: cp: (Drr^p: lii-p: -r'^: ^/lYi-: icfi:

(^ O P T I C

I)en Tj,p.;xi*^ "^ nCiJ-2^s ne oto^ rjcj-zi

S Y 11 1 A C

G K ]•: A 'J' P 11 1 M ]•: R .
V v.. > .^,

.?>= 7 .7 "^ 7 7 > 7 > . OOO .,

a o o 7 ° \" 5'.0>i: 7 o O 7 7

ENGLISH.

XsIm ^ h.-rj\z ,_LiIlk ai;]']c5i '^i-^.Z^io \Xz.\ p3us

A R ABIC

,s;^^ ^^ ' " -- ' - ^'"' 5 or -== - '^ =- .- - ^-

^^-♦-ULxAi _ftXj "%£ LUli ^^^ Ujt ^yij (c-*^ '^^^

S M A L L PI C A

^j^-*-Uj;Ai -AXJ ^^ sSj3 ^ii! L^[ ^LiiJ ^Cj^ Jl:^.!

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