GIFT OF 
 Olirer, Virgil k Olga Pausdlr) 
 

 
 Oi^ <f- (/ cu^ol 
 
 /1S7 
 
COMPENDIUM 
 
 H. DE BALZAC'S 
 
 COMEDIE HUMAINE 
 
COMPENDIUM 
 
 H. DE BALZAC'S 
 
 COMEDIE HUMAINE 
 
 ...BY... 
 
 A. CERFBERR and J. CHRISTOPHE 
 
 WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY 
 
 PAUL BOURGET 
 
 A WORK CROWNED BY THE FRENCH ACADEMY 
 
 TRANSLATED AND EDITED BY 
 
 JNO. RUDD, B.A. 
 
 ^ 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 THE GEBBIE PUBLISHING CO., Ltd. 
 
 1900 
 
Copyrighted, 1899, by 
 The Gebbie Publishing Co., Limited 
 

 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Are you a confirmed " Balzacian ? " as was before asked of 
 "Young France," the day following the apparition of that 
 Rabelaisian and mystical epic poem '* The Wild Ass' Skin." 
 
 Have you experienced, when clandestinely reading at 
 college some incomplete volume of the Comedie Humaine, a 
 kind of exaltation which no other book you had ever ob- 
 tained has since been able to afford you ? 
 
 Have you dreamed, at that age when one makes his vintage 
 in advance of all the fruits of the tree of life — again in bloom, 
 yes — have you dreamed of being Daniel d'Arthez, and robed 
 in the fame and power of his works, of being consoled one 
 day for all the sadness of youthful poverty by the sublime 
 Diane, Duchesse de Maufrigneuse, Princesse de Cadignan ? 
 
 Or, more ambitious and less literary, have you longed to 
 see, a new Rastignac, the portals of high life opened before 
 your covetous gaze by the golden key dangling on Delphine 
 de Nucingen's bracelet? 
 
 Romancist, have you sighed for the angelic tenderness of a 
 Henriette de Mortsauf and savored in dreams the innocent 
 emotions of the freshly gathered bouquets, listened to the 
 griefs, felt the furtive pressing of the hands, by the banks of a 
 blue and lazy narrow river, in a valley where your love would 
 be candid and trembling as the lily — that ideally chaste 
 flower? 
 
 Melancholic, have you caressed a chimera, when the sombre 
 hours of old age have begun, of a friendship equal to that of 
 the brave Schmucke, who was enveloped in all the manias of 
 his poor Pons? 
 
 Have you thought of the sovereign power of secret societies 
 and deliberated with yourself which, amongst all your com- 
 panions, was worthy of entering into " The Thirteen " ? 
 
 (V) 
 
 iM306387 
 
vi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Is not the map of France spread out before you, distributed 
 in as many districts as the number of romances contained in 
 the Comedie Humaine? At Tours are represented Birotteau, 
 la Gamard, and the formidable Abbe Troubert ; at Douai, 
 Claes; Limoges, Madame Graslin ; Besan^on, Savarus and 
 his ruptured love ; Angouleme, Rubempre ; Sancerre, Madame 
 de la Baudraye ; Alen^on, that touching old maid, to whom 
 her uncle, the Abbe de Sponde, with a gentle irony, said : 
 "You are too ingenious, Rose; there is no need to be so 
 ingenious to be happy." 
 
 Oh ! the sorcery of the most marvelous magician of letters 
 that we have known since Shakespeare. If you fall under his 
 enchantments, not but what this is a happiness, here is a 
 book which will charm you, a book which would have ravished 
 Balzac himself — for Balzac was more the dupe of his work than 
 his most fanatical reader, and all those of whom he dreamed 
 had to him a civic status. This volume, of nearly six hun- 
 dred pages, is in effect the civic status of all the characters in 
 the Comedie Humaine, of whom are found, detail by detail, 
 the smallest adventures of those heroes who pass and repass in 
 traversing these fifty romances ; by which is rendered you in 
 one minute the emotions formerly experienced in reading 
 such and such of his masterpieces. Speaking modestly, this 
 is a sort of index of the subjects of a unique style ; an index 
 of living people. 
 
 Well, now of the Balzacians who have dreamed of compil- 
 ing the constitution of the civic status. For my own part, I 
 have known five or six who have begun this singular task. 
 Not to cite more than two names amongst numerous others, 
 the idea of this vapory fancy entered the head of that subtile 
 and delicate observer, M. Henri Meilhac, and that of the 
 criminalisie writer, Emile Gaboriau. I well remember my- 
 self, amongst the papers of my eighteenth year, having some 
 sheets covered with notes taken with the same intention. But 
 the work was too immense. I lacked the infinite patience 
 
INTRODUCTION. vii 
 
 which needed to be joined to an inextinguishable ardor of 
 enthusiasm. The two faithful followers of the Master, who 
 have unitedly erected this monument to him, would, perhaps, 
 have been unable to surmount the difficulties of the enterprise 
 if they had not supported each other by carrying out their 
 work in common — M. Christophe, by his minuteness; M. 
 Cerfberr, by his infallible memory and his passionate faith in 
 the genius of the great Honore — a faith which enabled him 
 to move mountains of documents. It would make a pretty 
 chapter of literary ana to write the history of this collabora- 
 tion. A melancholy chapter, for it would call up the memory 
 of the charming man who first approached MM. Cerfberr and 
 Christophe, and who has to our grief died since that time. 
 He was called Albert AUenet, and was the chief director of 
 a valiant little review, "la Jeune France" he found the 
 means of support during those years with a perseverance 
 worthy "A Man of Business " of the Comedie Humaine. I 
 can still see him — fevered, worn out, but with his counte- 
 nance always animated with enthusiasm — accosting me in 
 a corridor of the theatre to speak to me of the project formed 
 by M. Cerfberr, and we almost both together discovered that 
 the same idea had occurred to M. Ch.-istophe. The latter 
 had already arranged a case of counters, labels, and classifi- 
 cations of the names of Balzac's characters. When two men 
 meet in the same enterprise as compilers, they either hate each 
 other or unite their efforts. 
 
 Thanks to the excellent Allenet, both professed Balzacians 
 marvelously understood this. Poor Allenet ! It was but a 
 short time after that we conveyed to the cemetery, on a sad 
 afternoon at the end of autumn, the one whom we had all 
 known and loved. He is dead ; so also is that other Balzacian 
 who was much interested in this work, and to whom the 
 Comedie Humaine was his only thought, Honore Granoux. 
 He was a Marseilles merchant, with drawn features and 
 already a great sufterer, when I first knew him ; but he revived 
 
viii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 as he spoke of Balzac ; and with the mysterious veneration of 
 a conspirator he pronounced these words: "The vicomte," 
 designating by this that supreme initiate in BalzacolatriCy 
 the incomparable bibliophile to whom we devote the history 
 of the works of the romancier, M. de Spoelberch de Loven- 
 joul. *'The vicomte approves or disapproves" — this was 
 Granoux's absolute formula, who was himself consecrated to 
 the immense labor of collecting the lesser articles published 
 by Balzac since the first appearance of his writings. And 
 see what fascination that '* devil of a man" — as Theophile 
 Gautier still calls him — exercised over his disciples. I myself 
 can render a good account of those little details of the Balza- 
 cian mania, such an one as would tire the reader. As to 
 myself, I have found, and still find, nothing more natural than 
 the words of Balzac to Jules Sandeau when he spoke of a 
 sister who was ill: ** Return to reality. Who shall Eugenie 
 Grandet marry ? ' ' 
 
 Fascination ! this is the only word to characterize the kind 
 of influence that Balzac exercised over those who truly tasted, 
 and this is not the day of miracles. Some years ago Valles 
 described "the victims of the book," in an eloquent page of 
 the " Refractaires. " Sainte-Beuve, little suspected of par- 
 tiality in regard to the editor-in-chief of "la Revue Par- 
 isienne," tells an anecdote more peculiar and more significant 
 than all the others : 
 
 At one time the whole of a society which had met together 
 in Venice, the most aristocratic, too, advised the distribution 
 amongst its divers members of the title roles of the Comedie 
 Humaine, and certain of these roles, added the critic myste- 
 riously, were fine and thoroughly played even to their end. 
 A dangerous experiment, for we know that Balzac's heroes 
 and heroines often coasted the most dangerous abysses of the 
 social hell. This took place about 1840. We are now near 
 the close of the century, and the witchcraft is not yet ex- 
 hausted. The work to which these notes serve as an intro- 
 
INTRODUCTION. ix 
 
 duction proves this. At the same time it may be remarked 
 that Balzac's men are, the same in literature as in life, appar- 
 ently, much more numerous since the death of the romancist. 
 
 Balzac seems to have less observed the society of his own 
 times, than to have contributed to forming one. One or 
 another of his characters were truer to life in i860 than in 
 1835. When the acts of a phenomenon are thus given and 
 with this intensity, it is not sufficient to pronounce them 
 words of infatuation, fashion, or mania. The seduction of 
 an author becomes a psychological fact of capital importance 
 and one that analysis must explain. 
 
 I think I can see two reasons for this particular force in 
 Balzac's genius. One resides in the special nature of his 
 vision, the other in the philosophical calibre which he has 
 given to all his work. It was this vision alone that sufficed 
 to point out the need of this Compendium. Turn over a 
 leaf at hazard, and calculate the quantity of imagined facts 
 in supposing these two thousand biographies, all indi- 
 vidual, each distinct, and for the most part complete; that 
 is to say, taking the personage at his birth and not leav- 
 ing him until his death. Balzac not only knew the date 
 of birth and death, he also knew what the spirit of the 
 country was at that time, of the province, and of the trade 
 to which the man belonged. He was informed as to his 
 taxes, income, and his state of culture. He was not ignorant 
 that Grandet could not have made his fortune by the same 
 process that Gobseck, his rival in avarice, had done; or 
 Ferdinand du Tillet, the jackal, with the same broad methods 
 as that elephant de Nucingen. 
 
 He is authentic and he measures the exact revenue of the 
 character to its depths, the same as he authenticates and meas- 
 ures the attachments of his different characters between each 
 other; so well that every individual is found constituted sepa- 
 rately and distinct in his personal and social reality, and the 
 same obtains in each family as in each individual. It is the 
 
X INTRODUCTIO^t. 
 
 skeleton of these individuals and families that you contem- 
 plate in these notes by MM. Cerfberr and Christophe; but 
 that this collection of facts relies one on the other by a logic 
 equal to that of real life is the least effort of Balzac's genius. 
 Does a certificate of birth, a marriage settlement, an estate, or 
 a fortune represent a person ? Evidently not. It needs bones, 
 flesh and blood, the muscles and the nerves. As regards 
 Balzac, the enumeration of these facts animated him; he gave 
 a circumstantial view of the conditions and existence of his 
 creations, a superadded view of these beings themselves: and 
 at first sight he knew them physiologically. The history of 
 their corporeal machine was no mystery to him. Of Birotteau's 
 gout, of M. de Mortsauf s nervous affection, of the profound 
 reasons for Flore's possession of Rouget, of Louis Lambert's 
 catalepsy, he is as well informed as a physician ; he is equally 
 well informed as a confessor as to the spiritual mechanism which 
 drives this animal machine. The most inconsiderable frailty 
 of conscience was perceptible to him. From the janitress Cibot 
 to the Marquise d'Espard, not one of his women had an evil 
 thought that he could not penetrate. With what art, com- 
 parable only to that of Stendhal and Laclos, and the most 
 subtile analysts, he marks, in "The Secrets of the Princess of 
 Cadignan," the passing from comedy to sincerity. He knew 
 when a sentiment was simple and when it was complex; 
 when the heart was the dupe of the mind, of the senses. Be- 
 side this, he knew the language of his characters, he distin- 
 guished their voices, and we ourselves can distinguish them in 
 the dialogues. Vautrin's growling, la Gamard's hissing, Mme. 
 de Mortsauf s melodious voice which lingered in the ear. 
 One such intensity of conjuration is as communicative as 
 enthusiasm or panic. There is abundant testimony to prove 
 that, with Balzac, this conjuration is mystically accomplished, 
 enfranchised, as it were, from the ordinary laws of life. See in 
 what terms Dr. Fournier, the actual mayor of Tours,* narrates 
 
 * 1896. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xi 
 
 the method of the novelist's working, according to the confi- 
 dences of a servant in the Sache chateau: 
 
 *' Once he locked himself in his chamber, and there re- 
 mained many days. He was plunged in a kind of ecstasy, 
 and, armed with a crow's quill, he wrote night and day; he 
 abstained from food and contented himself with decoctions 
 of coffee, which he himself prepared."* 
 
 In '*Facino Cane" this phenomenon is found described as 
 follows : 
 
 " One passion only had power to draw me from my studies; 
 and yet what was that passion but a study of another kind ? 
 
 I used to watch the manners and customs of the faubourg . 
 
 Even then observation had come to be an instinct with me; 
 a faculty of penetrating to the soul without neglecting the 
 body; or, rather, a power of grasping external details so 
 thoroughly that they never detained me for a moment, and at 
 once I passed through and beyond them. I could enter into 
 the life of the human creatures whom I watched, just as the 
 dervish in the * Arabian Nights ' could pass into any soul or 
 body after pronouncing a certain formula." And he added, 
 as he followed the workman and his wife down the street : "I 
 could make their lives mine, I felt their rags on my back, I 
 walked with their gaping shoes on my feet; their cravings, 
 their needs had all passed into my soul, or my soul had passed 
 into theirs. // was the dream of a waking many 
 
 One day, while with a friend watching the passers-by upon 
 the boulevard, he saw an eatable seller passing; his friend was 
 stupefied to see Balzac touch the man's sleeve with his own 
 hand ; he went to him, took up a piece, broke it, smelt of it, and 
 passed it at arm's length to a beggar. Am I in fault in making 
 
 * Dr. Fournier's pamphlet on the statue to Balzac, that statue to the 
 work of which M. Henry Renault so ardently devoted himself— another 
 devotee who founded " le Balzac." In this pamphlet is to be found a 
 good, though curious, portrait of Balzac, after a sepia by Louis Bou- 
 langer, which belongs to M. the Baron Larrey. 
 
xii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 clear this sort of imagination, which may be observed among 
 the ecstatics of a religious order? With an equal gift Balzac 
 could not create, like Edgar [Allan] Poe, and give one night- 
 mares. He was preserved from the fantastical by another gift 
 which seemed contradictory to the first. This visionary was- in 
 reality a philosopher; that is to say, an amateur in manners and 
 general ideas. This is proven by his biography. We can 
 point to his being immersed, during his college years at Ven- 
 dome, in the folly of abstract readings. All the theological 
 and mystical books which he could unearth in that old house 
 of the Oratorians were absorbed by the child to such an extent 
 that when he left school, ill, his brain was much the same as 
 if it had been under the influence of opium. The story of 
 "Louis Lambert " is a monograph of his own intellect. 
 
 During his youth and in the moments taken from his 
 profession, how did he occupy himself? Still in general 
 ideas. We see him interested in the quarrel between Geof- 
 froy Saint-Hillaire and Cuvier, disturbed by the hypothesis 
 of the unity of creation ; he assumes the mystical, and in fact 
 his novels overflow with theories. Not one of his works, 
 but what extracts abstract thoughts by the hundred. 
 
 If he describes, as in "The Abbe Birotteau," the mis- 
 fortunes of an old celibate priest, he profits thereby to sketch 
 a theory on the development of sensibility, and another 
 theory on the future of the Catholic Church. If he describes, 
 as in "The Firm of Nucingen," a supper scene amongst 
 Parisian biases^ he introduces a philosopical treatise on credit, 
 on the revenue of banks, and the possibilities it aff"ords — what 
 shall I say ? 
 
 Speaking of Daniel d' Arthez, that one of his heroes who, with 
 Albert Savarus and Raphael, most resembles himself, he 
 writes: "Daniel d' Arthez would not allow that any writer 
 could attain to a preeminent rank without a profound knowl- 
 edge of metaphysics. He was engaged in ransacking the 
 spoils of ancient and modern philosophy, and in the assimila- 
 
INTRODUCTION. xiii 
 
 tion of it all ; he would be like Moliere, a profound philosopher 
 first, and a writer of comedies afterward. ' ' Certain readers 
 even estimate that philosophy is superabundant in Balzac, the 
 overfullness of hypotheses generally overflows all bounds, and 
 that his novels constantly increase in digressions. Be this 
 as it may, it seems indisputable that this was his master 
 {mattresse) faculty, the virtue and vice of his thoughts. We 
 see now by what singular detours this power of generalization, 
 — the most opposed, pretend some — gives to the creative 
 power, and augments in him the faculty of the poetic visionary. 
 
 It is important to remark in the first place that this power 
 of the visionary cannot be directly exercised. Balzac had 
 hardly time to breathe. The list of his works, year by year, 
 arranged by his sister, demonstrate that, from his advent 
 into fame until his death, he never took the leisure to rest 
 himself; he regarded all about him, he studied men, he made 
 himself a Moliere and Saint-Simon, by daily and familiar 
 contact. He cut his life in two, writing at night and sleep- 
 ing in the day ; it was seldom that he gave an hour to visit- 
 ing, the promenade, or love. Indeed, he would not admit 
 that so troublesome love — what he did in that way was at a 
 distance and by letter: '*soas to form his style." This in 
 all cases was what he most complaisantly practiced — it being 
 an exception to find any trace of these mysterious intrigues in 
 his correspondence. 
 
 While young, he had the same system of forced labor, the 
 kind that the experience of this master in literature exacted 
 was reduced to a miminum ; but this mimihum sufficed him, 
 just because of his gift of philosophy, which he possessed in 
 such a high degree. To this feeble number of positive gifts 
 supplied by observation, he applied an analysis so intuitive, 
 in what he discovered, behind these slender facts gathered in 
 small quantities, a profound generative power, as it were. He 
 himself, and always referring to Daniel d'Arthez, described in 
 a sketch the method of this analytical and generalizing work. 
 
xiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 He called it a " retrospective penetration." Truly he seized 
 upon the gifts of his experience and threw them into the cruci- 
 ble of reveries. Thanks to an alchemy very analogous to 
 Cuvier's method, the smallest detail suffices him to reconstruct 
 the whole temperament, and an individual into a whole class; 
 but in this labor of assignment he is guided, always and 
 above all, by the customary proceedings of the philosopher : 
 that searches out and sees the cause. 
 
 Thanks to this research this thinker has defined nearly all the 
 great principles of the psychological modifications character- 
 istic of our times. He saw clearly the new sentiments that 
 were produced by the transfer of classes, the one to the other, 
 by the installation amongst us of democracy upon the ruins of 
 the old order of things. He has included every complication 
 of heart and mind in the modern woman by an intuition of 
 the laws which are imposed on her development. He has 
 divined the transformation in the life of artists due to the 
 metamorphosis of the national situation; and the picture of 
 journalism that he traces in "A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris" remains a very truth. It seems to me that this same 
 power of vision of causes, which form the richest ideas in his 
 work, is done by magic. While other novelists write of the 
 outside of humanity for us, he points out to us at one and the 
 same time both the outside and the in. 
 
 The personages who gush out of his brain are supported and 
 carried by the same social waves that support and carry us. 
 The generative facts that he has created are those which con- 
 tinually minister about ourselves. So many young men are 
 supposed to be models of Rastignac, for instance; it is these 
 passions which consume the ambitious poor of our age of un- 
 bridled covetousness, and which multiply about our disin- 
 herited youth. Add to this that Balzac was not content to 
 point out the fertile resources of the modern mind, but that 
 he has turned upon it the sub-light of the most ardent imagina- 
 tion that was ever known. By a very rare happening this 
 
INTRODUCTION. xv 
 
 philosopher was also a man, the equal of the story-tellers of the 
 Orient, to which his solitude and his over-excitation of nightly- 
 labors have communicated a brilliant and continued halluci- 
 nation. He has been able to impart this fever to his readers, 
 and to plunge them into a sort of ** Thousand and One 
 Nights" country, where every passion and all the needs of 
 reality appear, but amplified almost to a phantasmagoria, like 
 as in the nightmares of laudanum and hashish. How is it 
 possible, for certain readers, to understand that Balzac's world 
 has more of life than the other, and that, as a consequence, they 
 should model their activity to his resemblance ? It is possible 
 that to-day this phenomenon is becoming rarer, and that 
 Balzac, admired as much as ever, does not exercise the same 
 fascinating influence. They hold to this, that the great 
 social causes which he has defined have nearly finished their 
 work; that other forces have modified the new generation and 
 have prepared other shades of sensibility. It none the less 
 remains that we have acquired — for the better understanding 
 of all the central portion of the nineteenth-century French — 
 the Comedie Humaine, which must be read and re-read ; and 
 our thanks are due to MM. Cerfberr and Christophe for this 
 Compendium. Thanks to them we march more easily, as we 
 traverse the painted and frescoed long galleries of that enor- 
 mous palace — but unfinished, for we lack there those scenes of 
 military life, of whose titles he dreamed : "A marches forcees " ; 
 *' La Bataille d'Austerlitz " ; and ''Apres Dresde." Certainly 
 Tolstoi's ''War and Peace" is an admirable book, but how 
 can we fail to regret the non-painting of the Grande Armte 
 and our great Emperor by Balzac, our literary Napoleon ? 
 
 Paul Bourget. 
 
NOTE. 
 
 The reference letters following the titles of stories are in 
 conformity with the Index on pages 361 and 362 of the 
 volume entitled *'A Prince of Bohemia" in Balzac's Com6die 
 Humaine. 
 
COMPENDIUM 
 
 COMEDIE HUMAINE 
 
 HoNORE DE Balzac 
 
 Abramko, a Polish Jew of herculean strength, entirely 
 devoted to the broker Elie Magus, by whom he was employed 
 as porter and to guard, with the aid of three ferocious dogs, 
 his daughter and his treasures, in 1844, i" an old mansion 
 situated on the causeway of Minimes, near by the Palais- 
 Royal, Paris. Abramko was compromised in the Polish in- 
 surrection and Magus interested himself in saving him [Cousin 
 Pons, x]. 
 
 Adele, a good and noble Briarde, in the employment of 
 Denis Rogron and his sister, Sylvie, from 1824 to 1827, at 
 Provins. Contrary to her mistress she showed herself full of 
 pity and sympathy for their young cousin, Pierrette Lorrain 
 [Pierrette, i]. 
 
 Adele, chambermaid to Madame Val-Noble, at the time 
 when she was kept in magnificent style by Jacques Falleix, 
 the stockbroker, who failed in business in 1829 [The Harlot's 
 Progress, I^]. 
 
 Adolphe, a little, blonde young man, was clerk for Fritot, 
 a shawl merchant, Paris ; in the neighborhood of the Bourse; 
 in the reign of Louis-Philippe [Gaudissart II., n]. 
 
 Adolphus, head of the banking house of Adolphus & Co., 
 
 w 
 
2 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Manheim, father of the Baroness Wilhelmine d'Aldrigger 
 [The Firm of Nucingen, f ]. 
 
 Agathe, Sister, a nun of the convent of Chelles, a ref- 
 ugee, under the Terror, with Sister Martha and the Abbe de 
 Marolles, in a mean house of the Faubourg Saint-Martin, 
 Paris. Sister Agathe was nee Langeais [An Episode of the 
 Reign of Terror, f]. 
 
 Aiglemont, General, Marquis Victor d', heir of the 
 Marquis d' Aiglemont and nephew of the Countess Listomere- 
 Landon, from whom he inherited her dowry; born in 1783. 
 After being the friend of the Marechale de Carigliano, he 
 espoused, in the close of the year 1813 (he was at this time 
 the youngest and one of the most brilliant colonels of the 
 French cavalry), Mile. Julie de Chatillonest, his cousin, with 
 whom he lived successively at Touraine, Paris, and Versailles.* 
 He took an active part in the supreme struggle of the Em- 
 pire ; but the Restoration released him of his oath to Napo- 
 leon and he had restored his command and dignities in the 
 Body Guard, in which he rose to the rank of general and was 
 afterward created a peer of France. Little by little he neg- 
 lected his wife, who knew that he was intimate with Madame 
 de Serizy. In 181 7, a daughter (see Helene d' Aiglemont) 
 was born to him, who was his picture morally and physically; 
 his three last children came into the world during the time of 
 a liaison between the Marquise d'Aiglemont and the brilliant 
 diplomatist Charles de Vandenesse. In 1827, the general, 
 as well as his pupil and cousin, Godefroid de Beaudenord, 
 was hurt financially by the fraudulent bankruptcy of Baron 
 de Nucingen ; he likewise lost a million francs which had 
 been placed in the stock of the Wortschin Mines, in which he 
 had speculated after hypothecating his wife's fortune; this 
 caused his ruin. He then left for America, whence he re- 
 
 * The residence of the Marquis d'Aiglemont, at Versailles, was, it 
 seems, situated at No. 57 of the present Paris Avenue ; it was until re- 
 ^ntly occupied bjr one 9f tlje compilers of this work. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 3 
 
 turned six years later, having re-made his fortune. The Mar- 
 quis d'Aiglemont died, exhausted with fatigue, in 1835 [^^ 
 the Sign of the Cat and Racket, t — The Firm of Nucingen, t 
 — A Woman of Thirty, H\ 
 
 Aiglemont, Generale, Marquise Julie d', wife of the pre- 
 ceding; born in 1792. A wife against the advice of her 
 old father, M. de Chatillonest, who gave her in marriage, in 
 1813, to the engaging Colonel Victor d'Aiglemont, his cousin. 
 Her disillusion promptly followed ; struck from another place by 
 an ''inflammatory complaint not infrequently fatal, and spoken 
 of among women in confidential whispers," she fell into a 
 state of deep melancholy. The death of the Comtesse de 
 Listomere-Landon, her aunt by marriage, the privilege of her 
 precious counsel was denied her. In the meantime she be- 
 came a mother ; by the sense of this new duty she was enabled 
 to partially resist the love which she experienced for a young 
 and romantic Englishman, Lord Arthur Ormond Grenville, 
 who had studied medicine and the care and cure of physical 
 sufferings ; and who died to avoid compromising her. The 
 marquise, broken-hearted, retired to the solitude of an old 
 castle, situated in the midst of a cheerless and arid landscape, 
 between Moret and Montereau ; for nearly a twelvemonth 
 she remained sunk in her melancholy, without accepting the 
 consolations of religion which were tendered to her by the 
 old cure of the village of Saint-Lange; then she reentered 
 the world of Paris. There, when nearly thirty, she yielded, 
 touched by his true passion, to the Marquis de Vandenesse. 
 A child, named Charles, was the result of this intimacy, 
 but he soon perished under tragic circumstances. Two other 
 children, MoYna and Abel, were equally the result of this 
 union of hearts ; they were preferred by their mother, to the 
 detriment of the two first born, Helene and Gustave, who 
 really belonged to the Marquis d'Aiglemont. Toward the 
 age of fifty Madame d'Aiglemont, widowed, and not having 
 remaining any of her five children except her daughter, 
 
4 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Moina, sacrificed the whole of her fortune to marry her to 
 M. de Saint-Hereen, who was a descendant of one of the 
 most illustrious houses of France. She then went to live 
 with her son-in-law in a magnificent hotel bordering on the 
 Esplanade des Invalides ; but her daughter made little response 
 to her affection : she was annoyed by some remarks that 
 Madame d'Aiglemont had addressed to heron the compromis- 
 ing assiduity of the attentions of the Marquis de Vandenesse. 
 MoYna went one day so far as to recall to her mother the 
 remembrance of her culpable relations with the father of 
 the young man ; the poor woman, struck from this source 
 about her old passion, fell unconscious, suffering from heart 
 disease, and died of this stroke in 1844 [A Woman of 
 Thirty, 8\ 
 
 Aiglemont, Helene d', the first-born daughter of the 
 Marquis and Marquise Victor d'Aiglemont; born in 181 7. 
 Neglected by her mother, as was also her brother Gustave, for 
 Charles, Abel, and MoYna, Helene became jealous and defiant ; 
 at about eight years of age, in a fit of wild hate, she pushed her 
 brother Charles into the Bievere, where he was drowned. This 
 crime of the child always passed for a terrible accident. Grown 
 a young woman, Helene ran away with a mysterious adventurer, 
 a fugitive from, and of whom, justice was on his track, during 
 the time that the Marquis d'Aiglemont was at Versailles, one 
 of the nights of the Noel singing. Her father despairingly 
 searched everywhere in vain ; he only saw her once after that, 
 more than seven years later, at the time of his return from 
 America to France : the vessel in which he returned was cap- 
 tured by corsairs, and the captain, who was the very person 
 who had abducted Helene, "The Parisian," safeguarded 
 the marquis and his fortune. The two lovers had four beau- 
 tiful children and apparently lived together in perfect happi- 
 ness, partaking of all dangers alike; Helene refused to follow 
 her father. In 1835, some months after the death of her 
 husband, Madame d'Aiglemont, who was accompanying her 
 
comAdie HUMAINE. 5 
 
 young daughter Moina to the waters of the Pyrenees, was 
 begged to give help to a poor invalid in whom she recognized 
 Helene. She had just escaped from a shipwreck and been 
 delivered of a child : both presently died under the eyes of 
 Madame d'Aiglemont [A Woman of Thirty, S\ 
 
 Aiglemont, Gustave d', second child of the Marquis 
 Victor d'Aiglemont, born under the Restoration. He ap- 
 pears for the first time, when quite a child, in 1827 or 1828, 
 prepossessing, with his father and his sister Helene, at the 
 representation of a dismal melodrama, at the Gaite. He was 
 compelled to retire precipitately from the spectacle which so 
 agitated Helene, which was parallel in its circumstances to 
 the death of his brother Charles, which had occurred two or 
 three years before. We next find Gustave d'Aiglemont, in the 
 costume of the Lyceum, listening to the Thousand and One 
 Nights, in the salon, during a reunion of the family at Ver- 
 sailles, the evening of the carrying off of Helene. He died 
 young, from the cholera, leaving the widow and the chil- 
 dren she loved the least and had given d'Aiglemont, and to 
 whom she showed little affection [A Woman of Thirty, ^]. 
 
 Aiglemont, Charles d', third child of the Marquis and 
 Marquise d'Aiglemont, born at the time of the relations be- 
 tween Madame d'Aiglemont and the Marquis de Vandenesse. 
 He appears but once, one spring morning in 1824 or 1825, at 
 the age of four, in a promenade on the Boulevard des Gobe- 
 lins, with his sister Helene, his mother, and the Marquis de 
 Vandenesse. Helene, in a sudden burst of jealous hate, 
 pushes little Charles into the Bievere, where he was drowned 
 [A Woman of Thirty, S\ 
 
 Aiglemont, Moina d', the fourth child and second 
 daughter of the Marquis and Marquise Victor d'Aiglemont. 
 See Comtesse de Saint-Hereen [A Woman of Thirty, H\ 
 
 Aiglemont, Abel d', fifth and last child of the Marquis 
 and Marquise Victor d'Aiglemont, born during the intimacy 
 of his mother with M. de Vandenesse. He was, with Moina. 
 
6 COMPENDIUM 
 
 the favorite of Madame d' Aiglemont. Killed in Africa, before 
 Constantine [A Woman of Thirty, S\ 
 
 Ajuda-Pinto, Marquis Miguel d', Portuguese; belong- 
 ing to a very ancient and immensely wealthy family, of which 
 the eldest branch was connected with the Bragance and 
 Grandlieu families. In 1819 he was accounted as being one of 
 the most noted men of fashion in Parisian life. At this time 
 he commenced the abandonment of Claire de Bourgogne, 
 Vicomtesse de Beaus^ant, with whom he had been intimate 
 for three years past ; after having deceived her as to his real 
 projects, he returned her letters through the interposition of 
 Eugene de Rastignac and married Berthe de Rochefide [Father 
 Goriot, 6r — The Harlot's Progress, .T']. In 1832 he was at a 
 soiree given by Madame d'Espard, when every voice with one 
 accord joined in slandering the Princesse de Cadignan in the 
 presence of Daniel d'Arthez, then violently smitten by her 
 charms [The Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan , z\. The Mar- 
 quis d' Ajuda-Pinto was a widower about 1840, when he again 
 was married, this time to Mile. Josephine de Grandlieu, third 
 daughter of the last duke of that name. Soon afterward the 
 marquis took part in the conspiracy plotted by the friends of 
 the Duchesse de Grandlieu and Madame de Guenic to pluck 
 Calyste du Guenic out of the hands of the Marquise de Roche- 
 fide [Beatrix, JP]. 
 
 Adjuda-Pinto, Marquise Berthe d', nee Rochefide. 
 Married in 1820 to the Marquis Miguel d' Adjuda-Pinto. She 
 died about 1840 [Beatrix, 'P\ 
 
 Adjuda-Pinto, Marquise Josephine d', one of the 
 daughters of the Due and Duchesse Ferdinand de Grandlieu, 
 second wife of the Marquis Miguel d'Ajuda-Pinto, his relative 
 by marriage. Their marriage took place about 1840 [The 
 Harlot's Progress, T"]. 
 
 Alain, Frederic, born about 1767. He was head-clerk 
 in Bordin's office, procureur at Chatelet; in 1798 he lent 
 one hundred crowns in gold to Mongenod, his friend since 
 
CO ME DIE HUMAINE. 7 
 
 infancy ; this amount not having been returned M. Alain 
 found himself pretty nearly ruined, and was compelled to take 
 a situation in the Mont-de-piete, a paltry position, which he 
 united to keeping the books of the celebrated perfumer C^sar 
 Birotteau. In 1816, Mongenod, who had become very rich, 
 forced M. Alain to accept one hundred and fifty thousand 
 francs for the hundred crowns that he had loaned him : this 
 excellent man then consecrated his unexpected fortune to 
 works of benevolence, in concert with Judge Popinot ; after- 
 ward, beginning in 1825, he became one of the most active 
 auxiliaries of Madame de la Chanterie and her charitable so- 
 ciety. M. Alain initiated Godefroid into the Brotherhood of 
 Consolation [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Albertine, chambermaid to Madame de Bargeton, between 
 the years 1821 and 1824 [Lost Illusions, 'N\ 
 
 Albon, Marquis d', councilor to the Court and a minis- 
 terial deputy under the Restoration; born in 1777. In the 
 month of September, 1819, he was hunting in the borders of 
 the forest of 1' Isle-Adam, with his friend Philippe de Lucy, 
 who all at once had a stroke and fell unconscious ; he had 
 seen a poor maniac in whom he had recognized his former 
 mistress, Stephanie de Vandieres. The Marquis d'Albon, 
 with the aid of two promenaders, M. and Mme. de Granville, 
 brought M. de Lucy back to life ; then he returned at his 
 desire to Stephanie, where he learned from the uncle of this 
 poor creature the pitiful story of the love of his friend and of 
 Madame de Vandieres [Farewell, e]. 
 
 Albrizzi, Comtesse, was, at Venice, in 1820, the friend 
 of the celebrated melomaniac Capraja [Massimilla Doni,//]. 
 
 Aldrigger, Jean-Baptiste, Baron d', an Alsatian, born in 
 1764. Banker at Strasbourg in 1800, at the height of his 
 fortune during the Revolution ; he married, for ambition and 
 inclination, the heiress of Adolphus, of Manheim, a young 
 lady worshiped by all his family, and this continued for six 
 years. Aldrigger, whom the Emperor had created baron, was 
 
8 COMPENDIUM 
 
 ruined by his belief in that great man, as he termed him, 
 about I Si 4 and 1815, for having too seriously taken "the 
 Sun of Austerlitz. " At the time of the invasion the upright 
 Alsatian continued to pay out at his office and retired from 
 the bank, which merited this saying of Nucingen, "Honest, 
 but stoopid." Baron d'Aldrigger and his household came to 
 Paris ; he had left to him an income of forty-four thousand 
 francs, reduced at his death, in 1823, by more than one-half, 
 in consequence of his wife's carelessness. He left a widow 
 and two daughters, Malvina and Isaure [The Firm of Nucin- 
 gen, q. 
 
 Aldrigger, Theodora-Marguerite-Wilhelmine, Bar- 
 ONNE d', 7iee Adolphus. Daughter of the banker Adolphus, 
 Manheim ; much spoiled by both her father and mother ; she 
 married, in 1800, the Strasbourg banker, Aldrigger, who 
 spoiled her equal to her parents, and as she later was by the 
 two daughters she had after her marriage. She was a super- 
 ficial woman, incapable, egoistical, coquettish, and pretty ; 
 at forty she still retained all her freshness and could still have 
 been known as " the Little Shepherdess of the Alps." When 
 the baron was buried, in 1823, she did not attend his funeral, 
 as her grief was so violent ; the following day, at breakfast, 
 she was served with little peas, of which she was fond, and 
 these little peas calmed the crisis. She resided in Paris, on 
 the Rue Joubert, and there remained until the marriage of 
 her youngest daughter [The Firm of Nucingen, f]. 
 
 Aldrigger, Malvina d', eldest daughter of the Baron and 
 Baronne d'Aldrigger, born at Strasbourg, in 1801, at the time 
 of the greatest opulence of the family. Queenly, slender, 
 darkly fair, she was an excellent representative of the woman 
 "you have seen in Barcelona." Intelligent, proud, all soul, 
 all sentiment, all expansive, she was, nevertheless, charmed 
 by the arid Ferdinand du Tillet, who had at one time sought 
 to marry her, but they afterward became estranged, owing to 
 the ruin of the d'Aldriggers. Desroches, the attorney, also 
 
COMEDIE BUMAINE. 9 
 
 dreamed of asking the hand of Malvina, but he alike re- 
 nounced his intentions. The young demoiselle was confiden- 
 tially advised by Eugene de Rastignac, who expressed himself 
 as wishing to see her married ; nevertheless she ended as an old 
 maid, growing plainer day by day, gave lessons on the piano, 
 living in poverty with her mother in a modest suite of rooms, 
 on the third floor, in the Rue du Mont-Thabor [The Firm of 
 Nucingen, t\ 
 
 Aldrigger, Isaure d,' the second daughter of the Baron 
 and Baroness d'Aldrigger ; married to Godefroid de Beaude- 
 nord. See that name [The Firm of Nucingen, f]. 
 
 Aline, a young woman of Auvergne, chambermaid of 
 Madame Veronique Graslin, to whom she was devoted, body 
 and soul. Aline was, perhaps, the only one who enjoyed the 
 entire confidence of the terrible secrets in the life of Madame 
 Graslin [The Country Parson, JP]. 
 
 AUegrain,* Christophe-Gabriel, French sculptor, born 
 in 1 710. At Rome, in 1758, with Vien and Lauterbourg, 
 he assisted his friend Sarrasine in carrying off Zambinella, 
 then a famous singer : this prima donna {sic) was a eunuch 
 [Sarrasine, dSf II.]. 
 
 Alphonse, friend of the ruined orphan, Charles Grandet 
 (retired for a time to Saumur) ; in 1819 he acquitted himself 
 well on a mission in which he had been intrusted by that 
 young man : he arranged all his affairs in Paris ; with the 
 result of one little sale he paid off all his remaining indebted- 
 ness [Eugenie Grandet, ^]. 
 
 Al-Sartchild, the name of a German banking firm, in 
 which Gedeon Brunner was compelled to deposit the money 
 belonging to his son Frederic, by his own mother [Cousin 
 Pons, oc]. 
 
 Althor, Jacob, a banker in Hamburg, who established 
 
 * In reference to the sculptor Allegrain, who died in 1795, there are at 
 this time in the Musee du Louvre, Paris, the following works by him" 
 "Narcisse," " Diane," and " Venus Entering the Bath." 
 
10 COMPENDIUM 
 
 himself in Havre in 1815. He had a son whom, in 1829, 
 Monsieur and Madame Mignon wished for a son-in-law 
 [Modeste Mignon, Jil ]. 
 
 Althor, Francisque, son of Jacob Althor. Francisque 
 was the dandy of Havre, 1829; he was about to be espoused 
 to Modeste Mignon, but he quickly abandoned his fiancee when 
 he learned that the Mignons were ruined. A short time after 
 he espoused the eldest Mademoiselle Vilquin [Modeste Mig- 
 non, J5C]. 
 
 Amanda, a dressmaker in Paris, under the reign of Louis- 
 Philippe. She had, among the rest of her customers, Mar- 
 guerite Turquet, alias Malaga, who was ** bad pay " [A Man 
 of Business, V\. 
 
 Amaury, Madame, who owned a pavilion at Sanvic, near 
 Ingouville, in 1829, the one which Canalis hired when he 
 went to Havre to study Mademoiselle Mignon [Modeste Mig- 
 non, jK^]. 
 
 Ambermesnil, Comtesse de l', born in 1819; when 
 about thirty-six years old she engaged to board with old Mad- 
 ame Vauquer, nee Constans, in the Rue Neuve Sainte-Gene- 
 vieve,* Paris. Madame de I'Ambermesnil [Father Goriot, 6r] 
 said she was awaiting the end of the settlement of a regular 
 pension which was due her as the widow of a general dead 
 on "the field of battle." Madame Vauquer surrounded her 
 with care and attention and confided all her affairs to her. 
 In about six months' time the countess disappeared without 
 paying her bill. Madame Vauquer searched for her with much 
 keenness, but she never anywhere in Paris found any trace of 
 this adventuress. 
 
 Amedee, a name invented by Lady Dudley and applied 
 to Felix de Vandenesse, and to whom it ever stuck, at the 
 time when she found she had a rival in Madame de Mortsauf 
 [The Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 Anchise, Father, a surname given by La Palferine to a 
 * Now the Rue Tournefort. 
 
comAdie HUMAINB. 11 
 
 little Savoyard ten years old, who served him for nothing. 
 *'I have never seen such a mixture of besotted foolishness 
 with great intelligence," was said of that child by the Prince 
 of Bohemia ; *' he understands everything, and yet he cannot 
 grasp the fact that I can do nothing for him" [A Prince of 
 Bohemia, JP^]. 
 
 Ancre, Marechal d', who had been good to the Due de 
 Nivron [The Hated Son, z\. 
 
 Angard, at Paris, in 1840, the "professor" Angard was 
 in consultation with Doctors Bianchon and Larabit, over 
 Madame Hector Hulot, whom they were afraid would lose 
 her reason [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Angelique, Sister, a nun in the convent of Carmellites, 
 at Blois, under Louis XVIIL; so remarkably skinny as to be 
 famous; she was acquainted with Renee de I'Estorade (Mad- 
 ame de Maucombe) and with Louise de Chaulieu (Madame 
 Marie Gaston), who were educated in this convent [Letters of 
 Two Brides, v\. 
 
 Anicette, chambermaid of the Princesse de Cadignan, in 
 1839. So nice, smart, and pretty that the sub-prefect of 
 Arcis-sur-Aube, Maxime de Trailles, and Madame Beauvisage, 
 the wife of the mayor, endeavored, each for their own party, 
 to bribe and employ her to the benefit of the different candi- 
 dates for deputy [The Deputy for Arcis, Z>X>]. 
 
 Annette, the first name of a young woman of the Parisian 
 world under the Restoration. She had been carried to 
 Ecouen, where she had received practical advice from Madame 
 Campan, mistress of Charles Grandet, before the death of the 
 father of that young man. Toward the end of 1819, a victim 
 of suspicions, it became necessary that she should sacrifice her 
 happiness for a time. She lived unhappily with her husband 
 in Ecosse. She made her lover effeminate and materialized 
 his love ; they took counsel together of all happenings ; on his 
 return from the Indies, in 1827, she quickly caused an en- 
 
12 COMPENDIUM 
 
 gagement for him to marry Mademoiselle d'Aubrion [Eugenie 
 Grandet, jE^]. 
 
 Annette, a servant in the household of Rigou, at Blaiigy, 
 Bourgogne. In 1823 she was nineteen years old and was, 
 during more than three years, in this place, although Gregoire 
 Rigou never kept a servant beyond that length of time, though 
 all were the recipients of his favor. Annette, sweet, fair, deli- 
 cate, a real chef-d^ osuvre of loveliness — chic and piquant, 
 crowned with the dignity of a duchess, gained no more than 
 thirty francs per annum. She kept company with Jean-Louis 
 Tonsard, of which her master, without a doubt, knew nothing. 
 Her ambition suggested to this young lady the using of flat- 
 tery as a means of deluding that lynx [The Peasantry, _K]. 
 
 Anselme, a Jesuit of the Rue des Postes,* a distinguished 
 mathematician, intimate with Felix Phellion, whose inten- 
 tions were to convert him to the practice of religion [The 
 Middle Classes, ce\. 
 
 Antoine, born in the village of Echelles, Savoy. In 1824 
 he was the oldest messenger in the office of the Minister of 
 Finance, where he also installed in a similar but more modest 
 position two of his nephews, Laurent and Gabriel, who each 
 married clever lace-workers. Antoine fought against every 
 movement of the administration ; he elbowed, judged, grum- 
 bled at, and fawned upon Clement Chardin des Lupeaulx, 
 Ernest de la Briere, La Billardiere, Benjamin de la Billardiere, 
 Xavier Rabourdin, Isidore Baudoyer, du Bruel (Cursy), Jean- 
 Jacques Bixiou, Godard, Phellion, Clergeot, Colleville, Thuil- 
 lier, Paulmier, Vimeux, Frangois Minard, Sebastien de la 
 Roche, Fleury, Saillard, the two Poirets. He doubtless lived 
 with his nephews [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Antoine, an old domestic in the service of the Marquise 
 Beatrix de Rochefide, 1840, on the Rue de Chartres-du- 
 Roule, near Monceau Park, Paris [Beatrix, JP]. 
 
 Antonia. See Chocardelle, Mademoiselle. 
 * Now the Rue Lhomond. 
 
COMiDIE nUMAINE. 13 
 
 Aquilina, a courtesan in Paris, under the Restoration and 
 the reign of Louis-Philippe. She said she was a Piedmontese ; 
 her real name was unknown ; she had borrowed this name 
 {nom de guerre) from one of the characters in Otway's 
 tragedy of" Venice Preserved," which she had read by chance. 
 At sixteen, pure and beautiful, the time of her being thrown 
 into prostitution, she had encountered Castanier, Nucingen's 
 cashier ; he resolved to preserve her frbm vice to his own good 
 and lived maritally with her, on the Rue Richer. Aquilina 
 then took the name of Madame de la Garde. At the time 
 she was Castanier's, she was in love with a certain Leon, a 
 sub-lieutenant in an infantry regiment, who was none other 
 than one of the sergeants of Rochelle, executed in the Place 
 de Greve, in 1822. Under Louis XIIL, previous to this 
 execution, she was present one evening, at the Gymnase, 
 where she laughed consumedly at the comic Perlet in " le 
 Comedien d'Etampes," during which joyful spectacle Casta- 
 nier was persecuted by Melmoth, who travestied it with the 
 appearance of an awful drama in its place [Melmoth Recon- 
 ciled, d\ After that she appears in a famous orgy with 
 Frederic Taillefer, Rue Joubert, in the company of Emile 
 Blondet, de Rastignac, Bixiou, and Raphael de Valentin. 
 She was a fine girl, well proportioned, of superb deportment, 
 and of a physiognomy characteristic in its irregularity ; her 
 eyes and smile startled one's thoughts ; she always placed some 
 scarlet gewgaws on her attire in memory of her lover who had 
 been executed [The Wild Ass' Skin, J[]. 
 
 Arcos, CoMTE d', a Spanish grandee; he lived in the 
 Peninsular at the time of Napoleon L's expedition. He 
 would, perhaps, have espoused Maria-Pepita-Juana Marana 
 de Mancini, but for the singular circumstances that caused her 
 to wed Francois Diard, a French officer [The Maranas, e\. 
 
 Argaiolo, Due d', an Italian, very wealthy and of high 
 lineage, the respected husband, although old, of her who was 
 later the Duchesse de Rhetore, to the everlasting grief of 
 
14 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Albert Savarus. He died in 1835, at about eighty years of 
 age [Albert Savaron, /], 
 
 Argaiolo, Duchesse d*, nee Soderini, wife of the Due 
 d'Argaiolo. Became a widow in 1835 ; she afterward married 
 the Due de Rhetore [Albert Savaron, /]. See Duchesse de 
 Rhetore. 
 
 Arrachelaine, the cognomen of the robber Ruffard — 
 which see [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ^]. 
 
 Arthez, Daniel d', one of the most celebrated writers of 
 the nineteenth century and one of those rare men who offer 
 ''both a beautiful genius and a beautiful character in one." 
 Born in 1794 or 1796; a gentleman ofPicardy. In 1821, when 
 about twenty-five, he was very poor and lived on the fifth 
 floor of a gloomy house on the Rue des Quatre-Vents, Paris, 
 where also had dwelt, in his early manhood, the famous 
 surgeon, Desplein. There he became intimate with Horace 
 Bianchon, then resident at I'Hotel-Dieu; Leon Giraud, the 
 profound philosopher ; Joseph Bridau, the painter, who later 
 became famous ; Fulgence Ridal, a comic poet of great pluck ; 
 Meyraux, an eminent physiologist, who died while young; 
 Louis Lambert, and Michel Chrestien, the Federalist Republi- 
 can, who both died in their bloom. To these men of heart 
 and genius came Lucien de Rubempre, the poet, introduced by 
 Daniel d'Arthez, who was looked upon by them as their head. 
 This society was known by the name of the '' Cenacle." Arthez 
 and his friends counseled and succored, when in need, Lucien, 
 ** that Great Man of the Provinces at Paris," who ended 
 tragically. The same Arthez, with remarkable disinterested- 
 ness, corrected and revised "The Archer of Charles IX.," 
 by Lucien, and the work in his hands became a magnificent 
 book. Arthez was again, through affection, intimate with 
 Marie Gaston, a young poet of his style but "effeminate." 
 Arthez was dark complexioned, with long brown hair, short 
 in statue, and had a resemblance to Bonaparte. Very sober, 
 very chaste^ drinking only water, for a long time he took his 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 15 
 
 meals at Flicoteaux's, a rival of Rousseau's '' I'Aquatique,'* 
 in the Latin quarter. In 1832 he had become famous; he 
 possessed an income of thirty thousand francs, bequeathed to 
 him by an uncle, when he had become the prey of a rigorous 
 poverty; all that he had written was wrapped in obscurity. 
 Arthez then dv/elt in a pretty house of his own, on the Rue Belle- 
 fond, where he lived very differently than in the time of his 
 labor in adversity. He was a deputy, taking his seat on the 
 Right benches, and standing on the Royalist platform of 
 Divine right. When he had acquired ease he had a most 
 vulgar and incomprehensible liaison with a woman who was 
 beautiful enough but of an inferior class, without any learning 
 and without style. Arthez kept her in ease, carefully hidden 
 away from all observation ; but far from being a delightful 
 habit, it had become insupportable to him. It was then that 
 he was invited to the house of Diane de Maufrigneuse, Prin- 
 cesse de Cadignan, aged about thirty-six, and till then unac- 
 quainted with each other. That celebrated " great coquette " 
 told him her past '^secrets," and he offered to absolve them 
 all when they were narrated, "great simpleton," and he be- 
 came her lover. Since that day there has never been any 
 question as to the relations existing between the princess and 
 d'Arthez; this great writer, whose writings now come very 
 rarely into publication, also appeared but seldom in the 
 winter months in the Chamber of Deputies [A Distinguished 
 Provincial at Paris, iHf— Letters of Two Brides, v — The Dep- 
 uty for Arcis, J)D — Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, ^. 
 
 Asia (Asie), one of the pseudonyms of Jacqueline Collin. 
 See that name [The Harlot's Progress, TJ. 
 
 Astaroth. This was the name of a toad which was used 
 by Madame Fontaine in her divinations, picking out cards, 
 on the Rue-du-Temple, Paris, under Louis-Philippe. This 
 batrachian was of enormous size, with eyes of topaz as large 
 as fifty-centime pieces; Sylvestre-Palafox Gazonal was pro- 
 foundly impressed by them when conducted to the den Qf 
 
16 COMPENDIUM 
 
 the sorceress by his cousin, Leon de Lora, flanked by Jean- 
 Jacques Bixiou. Madame Cibot, a concierge on the Rue de 
 Nornnandie, had also remarked Astaroth when, with a design 
 of cupidity, she had at one time demanded \.\\t grand Jeu^ from 
 Madame Fontaine. Its end came in 1839 when a woman 
 who was enceinte was so affected by his hideous appearance 
 that she nearly died and was brought to bed of a dead child 
 [The Unconscious Mummers, %i — Cousin Pons, QC — The 
 Deputy for Arcis, Diy\. 
 
 Athalie, a female cook in Madame Schontz's service in 
 1836. She possessed, to the delight of her mistress, a special 
 talent for dressing and cooking venison [Muse of the Depart- 
 ment, CC\ 
 
 Aubrion, Marquis d', a gentleman-in-ordinary of the 
 bedchamber under Charles X. He was of the House d'Au- 
 brion de Buch, the head of which had died previous to 1789. 
 He was foolish enough to marry a stylish woman when he 
 was already an old man and his income had become reduced 
 to twenty thousand francs, a sum hardly enough for him to 
 live as befitted one of the noblesse in Paris ; he sought to 
 marry his portionless daughter to some drunken nobleman. 
 In 1827, according to the statement of Madame d'Aubrion, 
 this ancient wreck passionately adored the Duchesse de Chau- 
 lieu [Eugenie Grandet, JEJ]. 
 
 Aubrion, Marquise d', wife of the preceding, born in 
 1789. The Marquise d' Aubrion was still beautiful at thirty- 
 eight, and with considerable pretensions endeavored, in 1827, 
 to make a captive, by every means in her power, of Charles 
 Grandet, on his return from India, to become a son-in-law 
 and in which she was successful [Eugenie Grandet, J^]. 
 
 Aubrion, Mathilde d', daughter of the Marquis and Mar- 
 quise d' Aubrion, born in 1808, married to Charles Grandet. 
 See Grandet, Charles. 
 
 Aubrion, Comte d'. This is the title of Charles Grandet 
 
 * 
 
 High play. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. . 17 
 
 after his marriage with the daughter of the Marquis d'Aubrion 
 [The Firm of Nucingen, #]. 
 
 Auffray, a grocer at Provins in the times of Louis XV., 
 Louis XVL, and of the Revolution. Married first at eighteen, 
 M. Auffray had contracted a second marriage at sixty-nine 
 years of age. By the first he had issue of a daughter who was 
 exceedingly homely, who was married at sixteen to an inn- 
 keeper at Provins, named Rogron ; by the second union he 
 again had one daughter, but this one was very charming ; she 
 married a Breton, a captain in the Imperial Guard. The old 
 grocer, Auffray, died at the age of eighty-eight, under the 
 Empire, without having had time in which to make his will. 
 The inheritance was well managed by Rogron, the deceased's 
 first son-in-law, who had a residue of next-to-nothing to give 
 to the widow of the good man, then aged only thirty-eight 
 years [Pierrette, i\ 
 
 Auffray, Madame, wife of the preceding. See Neraud, 
 Madame. 
 
 Auffray, a notary at Provins in 1827. Married to the 
 third daughter of Madame Guenee ; great-grand-nephew of 
 the old grocer Aufi'ray ; the appointed guardian of Pierrette 
 Lorrain. Following on the ill-treatment to which this young 
 woman became subject while with Denis Rogron, her relative, 
 she was removed while ill to the notary Auffray's, who was 
 her guardian, and she there died surrounded with better at- 
 tentions [Pierrette, i]. 
 
 Auffray, Madame, nee Guenee, wife of the preceding. 
 Third daughter of Madame Guenee, nee Tiphaine. She was 
 filled with kindness for Pierrette Lorrain and took great care 
 of the sick one until she was taken away [Pierrette, ^]. 
 
 Auguste, name of Boislaurier, like a chief of ''brigands" 
 in the rebellions of I'Ouest under the Republic and under the 
 Empire [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Auguste, valet de chambre to the General, Marquis Ar- 
 mand de Montriveau, under the Restoration, at the time living: 
 2 
 
18 . COMPENDIUM 
 
 at the residence on the Rue de Seine, by the Chamber of 
 Peers, when he was intimate with the Duchesse Antoinette de 
 Langeais [The Thirteen, BB\ 
 
 Aiiguste, a noted assassin who was executed in the first 
 years of the Restoration. He kept a mistress, surnamed la 
 Rousse, to whom Jacques Collin had faithfully remitted, in 
 1819, some twenty thousand francs, on the part of her lover, 
 after his execution. This woman was married, in 182 1, by the 
 sister of Jacques Collin, to the first clerk of a wealthy whole- 
 sale hardware dealer; although she had reentered a regular life 
 she remained attached, by a secret arrangement, to the terrible 
 Vautrin and his sister. See Madame Prelard [Vautrin's Last 
 Avatar, if[. 
 
 August, Madame, dressmaker of Esther Gobseck's and 
 her creditor in the time of Louis XVIIL [The Harlot's Pro- 
 gress, Z'l. 
 
 Augustin, valet of Monsieur de Serizy, in 1822 [A Start 
 in Life, s\. 
 
 Aurelie, a courtesan in Paris, under Louis-Philippe, at 
 the time when Madame Fabien du Ronceret commenced her 
 career of gallantry [Beatrix, JP\ 
 
 Aurelie, La petite (the little), the name given to one of 
 the gallants of Josephine Schiltz, who was also Schontz, 
 who became afterward Madame Fabien du Ronceret [Bea- 
 trix, :p\ 
 
 Auvergnat, L'. One of the aliases of the malefactor 
 Selerier, also known as Father Ralleau, le Rouleur, Fil-de- 
 Soie [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ;$;]. See Selerier. 
 
 Babylas, a groom or *' tiger" of Amedee de Sotilas', in 
 1834, at Besan^on ; at that time was fourteen years old; the 
 son of one of his master's tenants. He earned thirty-six 
 
CO MED IE HUMAINE. 19 
 
 francs a month to the day of his death, but he was smart and 
 clever [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Baptiste, valet de chambre to the Duchesse de Lenon- 
 court-Chaulieu, in 1830 [The Harlot's Progress, Zi\ 
 
 Barbanchu, a Bohemian, with a peaked cap, called in to 
 Vefour's, by the journalists who ate there at the cost of 
 Jerome Thuillier, in 1840, and invited by them to come there 
 for the benefit of that urbane man ; this he did [The Middle 
 Classes, ee\. 
 
 Barbanti, Les, a Corsican family who had reconciled the 
 Piombos and the Portas, in 1800 [The Vendetta, t]. 
 
 Barbet. A dynasty of publishers — old book dealers — dis- 
 count brokers, at Paris, under the Restoration and Louis- 
 Philippe. They were Normans. In 1821 and following years 
 they had a little store on the quay Grands-Augustins and 
 bought books of Lousteau. In 1836, one Barbet had a pub- 
 lisher's office in partnership with Metivier and Morand; he was 
 the owner of a mean house situated on the Rue Notre-Dame- 
 des-Champs and the Boulevard du Mont-Parnesse, where 
 Baron Bourlac dwelt with his daughter and his grandson. 
 In 1840, the Barbets were regular usurers transacting business 
 under the credentials of the firm of Cerizet & Co. That 
 same year a Barbet occupied, in a house which Jerome Thu- 
 illier's sister owned, an apartment on the second floor and a 
 store on the first floor, in the Rue Saint-Dominique-d'Enfer ; * 
 he was then " the publisher-shark." Barbet junior, nephew 
 of these and a publisher in the alley of the Panoramas, put on 
 sale at this time a brochure written by Th. de la Peyrade, but 
 signed by Thuillier, and which was entitled '' On Rent and 
 Taxes " [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, Jf— The Seamy 
 Side of History, T— The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Barbette, wife of the great Cibot, called Galope-Chopine 
 [The Chouans, J5]. See Cibot, Barbette. 
 
 Barchon de Penhoen, Auguste-Theodore-Hilaire, 
 
 * Now named the Rue Royer-Collard. 
 
20 COMPENDIUM 
 
 born at Morlaix (Finistere), April 28, 1821, died at Saint- 
 Germain-en-Laye, July 29, 1855. A schoolfellow of de Balzac, 
 Jules Dufaure, and Louis Lambert, and his neighbor in the 
 college dormitory at Vendome in 181 1. Later an officer and 
 then a writer on the higher range of philosophy, translator of 
 Fichte, a friend of Ballanche and an expounder of his theories. 
 In 1849 ^^ ^^s ^^"^^ envoy of his compatriots of the Finistere to 
 the Legislative Assembly, wheje he represented the principles 
 of the Legitimists and Catholics. He protested against the 
 Coup d' Eiat of December 2, 185 1.* See '* The History of a 
 Crime," by Victor Hugo. When a child he was imbued 
 with skepticism. He never possessed the abilities of Louis 
 Lambert, whom he had also for a schoolfellow at Vendome 
 [Louis Lambert, iCr]. 
 
 Bargeton, De, born between 1761 and 1763. Great- 
 grandson of a sheriff of Bordeaux named Mirault, ennobled 
 under Louis XHL, and whose son under Louis XIV. became 
 Mirault de Bargeton, and was an officer in the Guards de la 
 Porte. He was the owner of a mansion at Angouleme, on 
 the Rue du Minage,f where he lived with his wife, Marie- 
 Louise-Anais de Negrepelisse, to whom he gave entire sub- 
 mission ; for she instigated him to challenge a visitor of her 
 salon, Stanislas de Chandour, to a duel for circulating calum- 
 nious reports about Mme. Bargeton around the town. He 
 landed a bullet in the neck of his adversary. His father-in- 
 law, M. de Negrepelisse, was one of his witnesses in this 
 affair. M. de Bargeton after this retired to his Escarbas 
 estate, near Barbezieux, while his wife, as a consequence of 
 this duel, left Angouleme for Paris. M. de Bargeton had 
 been a strong man " damaged by the dissipations of youthful 
 lusts." He was an insignificant man, but a great glutton. 
 
 * Made by Louis-Napoleon, afterward Napoleon III. 
 
 f It is to-day still known by this name. (This note is made by M. 
 Alb6ric Second, a resident of Angouleme and a most competent Bal- 
 zacian.) 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 21 
 
 He died of indigestion toward the end of 1821 [Lost Illu- 
 sions, N\ 
 
 Bargeton, Madame de, nee Marie-Louise-Anais N^gre- 
 PELissE, wife of the preceding, whc?, after becoming a widow, 
 was married to the Baron Sixte du Chatelet. See Chatelet, 
 Baroness Sixte du. 
 
 Barillaud, known by Frederic Alain, and in whom he 
 excited mistrust at one time in Mongenod [The Seamy Side 
 of History, T]. 
 
 Barimore, Lord (an Englishman), son-in-law of old Lord 
 Dudley. He was in 1839 the same age as he, but he had a 
 passion for Lugia, then a singer at the Italian opera in Lon- 
 don [The Deputy for Arcis, I>T>\ 
 
 Barimore, Ladv, daughter of Lord Dudley ; it was a great 
 question whether or not she was the wife of Lord Barimore, 
 all signs going to prove that she was. Soon after the close 
 of 1830 she assisted at a party at the home of Mademoiselle 
 des Touches, Rue de la Chaussee-d'Antin, where de Marsay 
 recounted the story of his first love [Another Study of 
 Woman, ?]. 
 
 Barker, William, one of the *•' incarnations " of Vautrin. 
 Under this pseudonym, in 1824 or 1S25, he figured as a 
 creditor of M. d'Estourny and induced Cerizet to endorse 
 his notes as a partner of M. d'Estourny [The Harlot's Pro- 
 gress, Z\ 
 
 Barnheim, a respectable family in Bade ; the family of 
 Madame du Ronceret, on the maternal side, by name of 
 Schiltz, known as Schontz [Beatrix, JP]. 
 
 Barniol, son-in-law of Phellion. The principal of an 
 academy, Rue Saint-Hyacinthe-Saint-Michel,* in 1840. He 
 was a man of importance in the Faubourg Saint-Jacques ; he 
 frequented the Thuilliers' salon [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Barniol, Madame, formerly Phellion, wife of the forego- 
 ing. She had been assistant-governess in the boarding-school 
 * Now the Rue Le GofF and Rue Malebranche. 
 
22 COMPENDIUM 
 
 of the Demoiselles Lagrave, Rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs 
 [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Barry, John, an English huntsman, one of the most famous 
 in the country from which the Prince of Loudon brought 
 him to employ him at his own home. He was with this 
 great lord in 1829-30 [Modeste Mignon, JL\ 
 
 Bartas, Adrien de, of Angouleme. In 182 1, with his 
 wife, he was a regular attendant at the Bargetons' salon. M. 
 de Bartas filled his time up with music to the exclusion of 
 every other study ; he talked about music and about nothing 
 else, and always looked to be begged to sing in his deep bass 
 voice. He passed for being the lover of Brebian, the wife of 
 his best friend ; it is true that after this chronic scandal M. 
 de Brebian had become the lover of Madame de Bartas [Lost 
 Illusions, _^]. 
 
 Bartas, Madame Josephine de, wife of the preceding, 
 always called Fifine, on account of her Christian name [Lost 
 Illusions, JS^\ 
 
 Bastienne, a milliner of Paris, in 1821. Finot's news- 
 paper cracked up her hats, for cold cash, and ran down those 
 of Virginie, which it had at one time praised [A Distinguished 
 Provincial at Paris, M.\ 
 
 Batailles, The, Parisians of the middle-class, merchants 
 in the Marais, neighbors and friends of the Baudoyers and 
 Saillards, in 1824. M. Bataille was a captain in the National 
 Guard and did not allow any person to remain in ignorance 
 of that fact [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Baudoyer, Monsieur and Madame, tanners in Paris, 
 Rue Censier. They owned the house in which they lived and 
 also another in the country at TIsle-Adam. They were the 
 father and mother of an only son, Isidore; whose biography 
 follows. Mme. Baudoyer, nee Mitral, was the sister of the 
 constable by that name [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Baudoyer, Isidore, born in 1788, only son of M. and 
 Mme. Baudoyer, tanners, Rue Censier, Paris. After the 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. ^ 
 
 completion of his studies he entered the Bureau of Finance, 
 and, in spite of his notorious incapacity and assisted by in- 
 trigues, this upstart became the head of his office. In 1824, 
 a head of division, M. de La Billardiere, happened to die ; 
 the intelligent worker Xavier Rabourdin aspired to the suc- 
 cession ; he had to withdraw for Isidore Baudoyer, who had at 
 his back the power of money and the influence of the church. 
 He did not long hold this position ; six months after being 
 made a tax-collector in Paris. Isidore Baudoyer lived with 
 his wife and her parents at a hotel on the Place Royale,* of 
 which they were joint owners [Les Employes, cc]. In 1840 
 he frequently dined with Thuillier, an old employe in the 
 Bureau of Finance, then living in the Rue Saint-Dominique- 
 d'Enfer, who was glad to renew their old acquaintanceship 
 [The Middle Classes, ee]. In 1845, ^^is man, who had 
 always been a model husband and who professed religious 
 sentiments, kept Heloise Brisetout as his mistress; he was at 
 that time the mayor of the arrondissement of the Place Royale 
 [Cousin Pons, x]. 
 
 Baudoyer, Madame, wife of the above and daughter of a 
 cashier in the ministry of finance ; nee Elisabeth Saillard, in 
 1795. ^^^ mother, an Auvergnate, had an uncle, Bidault, 
 called Gigonnet, a money lender by the 'Mittle week" in the 
 Halles quarter ; on the other side the mother of her husband 
 was the sister of Mitral, the tanner. By the aid of these two 
 moneyed men, who exercised a truly enormous power in 
 secret, and, thanks to his devotion in his relations with the 
 clergy, they were enabled to purchase with their money, out 
 of which they also made a profit for them.selves, the assistance 
 of Clement Chardin des Lupeaulx, general secretary of the 
 Finance Department [Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Baudoyer, Mademoiselle, daughter of Isidore Baudoyer 
 and Elisabeth Saillard, born in 1812; educated by her 
 parents to become the w^ife of that skillful and active specu- 
 * Now the Place des Vosges. 
 
24 COMPENDIUM 
 
 lator, Martin Falleix, brother of James Falleix, the stock- 
 broker [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Baurand, cashier of a theatre on the boulevard, of which 
 Gaudissart became the manager about 1834. He was replaced 
 by the roustabout Topinard [Cousin Pons, qc\. 
 
 Baudry, Planat de, receiver-general under the Restora- 
 tion. He was married to one of the daughters of the Comte 
 de Fontaine ; he generally passed the summer at Sceaux, with 
 most of his family and his wife [The Sceaux Ball, %i\. 
 
 Bauvan, Comte de, one of the organizers of the Chouan 
 insurrection in the department d'lUe-et-Vilaine, 1799. By a 
 secret communicated by him to the Marquis de Montauran, 
 his friend, on the part of Mademoiselle de Verneuil, the 
 Comte de Bauvan indirectly brought about the massacre 
 of Bleus at Vivetiere. Afterward, surprised by an ambus- 
 cade of Republican soldiers, he was made prisoner by Mile, 
 de Verneuil, who changed her life; he afterward became very 
 pious and assisted as a witness at the wedding of Mile. Ver- 
 neuil and Montauran [The Chouans, jB]. 
 
 Bauvan, Comtesse de, probably the wife of the fore- 
 going, whom she survived. In 1822 she is found as the 
 manager of a lottery office, and about that time she employed 
 Mme. Agathe Bridau [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Bauvan, Comte and Comtesse de, father and mother of 
 Octave de Bauvan. Old folk of the old Court, living in an 
 antiquated mansion on the Rue Payenne, Paris, where they 
 died about 1815, within a few months of each other, and 
 prior to the unfortunate conjugal troubles of their son. See 
 Octave de Bauvan. Probably related to the two preceding 
 [Honorine, h\ 
 
 Bauvan, Comte Octave de, statesman and French 
 magistrate, born in 1787. At twenty-six he married Hono- 
 rine, a young, beautiful, and wealthy girl, who had been raised 
 under the eyes of Monsieur and Madame de Bauvan, his 
 father and mother, and of whom she was the ward. Two or 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 25 
 
 three years after she left the conjugal roof, to the great despair 
 of the count, who knew no other care than how to regain 
 her ; he was successful after many years in bringing her back 
 home by pity for him, but she died soon after the reconciliation, 
 leaving a son the result of their living together. Comte de 
 Bauvan left, in despair, for Italy, in 1836. He had two resi- 
 dences in Paris, two hotels, one on the Rue Payenne (his 
 paternal heritage) ; the other in the faubourg Saint-Honore, 
 which received this reconciled household [Honorine, lz\. 
 In 1S30 Comte de Bauvan, then president of the court of cas- 
 sation, together with MM. de Granville and de Serizy, tried to 
 shield Lucien de Rubempre from a criminal judgment, and, 
 after the suicide of that unfortunate, they followed his funeral 
 [The Harlot's Progress, ^]. 
 
 Bauvan, Comtesse Honorine de, wife of the preceding. 
 Born in 1794. Married at nineteen to Comte Octave de 
 Bauvan ; after deserting her husband she was in turn, and 
 while enceinte, deserted by her lover, some eighteen months 
 afterward. She then lived a most retired life on the Rue 
 Saint-Maur, under the occult supervision of the Comte de 
 Bauvan, who bought from her the flowers that she made ; she 
 thought it a small task to work for her own livelihood. 
 Honorine de Bauvan lost and wept over all her adulterous born 
 children. During the years of her laborious exile in a suburb 
 of Paris, she came successively in contact with Marie Gobain, 
 Jean-Jules Popinot, Felix Gaudissart, Maurice de I'Hostal, 
 and the Abbe Loraux [Honorine, lz\. 
 
 Beaudenord, Godefroid de, born in 1800. He was in 
 1821, with Marsay, Vandenesse, Ajuda-Pinto, Maxime de 
 Trailles, Rastignac, the Due de Maufrigneuse, and Maner- 
 ville, one of the kings of fashion [A Distinguished Provincial 
 at Paris, JfT]. His nobility and particules were not perhaps 
 very authentic, following Mademoiselle Emile de Fontaine, 
 he was ill-made and stout, the only advantage he had being 
 his dark hair [The Sceaux Ball, u\. A cousin by marriage 
 
 tutrix : se<u ^ocKef."^€.,NVr<iuis£. do 
 
26 COMPENDIUM 
 
 to his guardian, the Marquis d'Aiglemont, he was, like him, 
 ruined by the Baron de Nucingen, in the business of the 
 Wortschin mines. At one time Godefroid de Beaudenord 
 dreamed of pleasing the Marquise d'Aiglemont, his hand- 
 some cousin. In 1827 he married Isaure d'Aldrigger, and, 
 after having lived with her in a comfortable little mansion on 
 the Rue de la Blanche, he was reduced to solicit a situation 
 under the minister of finance, which employment he lost in 
 the Revolution of 1830; he was afterward reappointed by the 
 good offices of Nucingen in 1836 ; he lived modestly with his 
 mother-in-law, his unmarried sister-in-law, Malvina, his wife, 
 and four children she had given him, on the third floor over 
 the entresol, Rue du Mont-Thabor [The Firm of Nucingen, t\ 
 
 Beaudenord, Madame de, wife of the foregoing, was 
 Isaure d'Aldrigger, born at Strasbourg in 1807. A languorous 
 blonde, formerly fond of dancing, absolutely useless from a 
 moral or intellectual point of view [The Firm of Nucingen, f]. 
 
 Beaumesnil, Mademoiselle, a celebrated actress of the 
 The^tre-Frangais, Baris, already at maturity under the Restora- 
 tion. She was the mistress of Beyrade, the police spy, by 
 whom she had one daughter, Lydie, whom he acknowledged. 
 The last residence of Mile. Beaumesnil was on the Rue de 
 Tournon ; it was while there that she had her diamonds of 
 immense value stolen by Charles Crochard, her real lover, at 
 the commencement of the reign of Louis-Bhilippe [The Mid- 
 dle Classes, ee — The Harlot's Brogress, Y, Z—A Second 
 Home, iSJ]. 
 
 Beaupied, or Beau-Bied, the nickname of Jean Falcon — 
 which see. 
 
 Beaupre, Fanny, an actress of the theatre of Borte-Saint- 
 Martin, Baris, under Charles X. In 1825, then young and 
 pretty, she made a reputation in the part of a marquise in a 
 melodrama entitled '^TheAnglade Family." At this time 
 she replaced Coralie, then dead, in the affections of Camusot, 
 the silk merchant. It was at the home of Fanny Beauprd 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 27 
 
 tliat Oscar Husson, one of the young clerks of Desroches', the 
 barrister, lost at play the sum of five hundred francs belonging 
 to his employer, and who was surprised there by his Uncle 
 Cardot, lying dead-drunk on a couch [A Start in Life, s\ In 
 1829 Fanny Beaupre passed for being, at the price of gold, the 
 best friend of the Due d'Herouville [Modeste Mignon, JK.\, 
 In 1842, after his liaison with Mme. de Baudraye, Lousteau 
 lived in marital relations with her [Muse of the Depart- 
 ment, CC\ Accustomed to a splendid hotel she was at the 
 one in which Esther Gobseck was installed by the Baron de 
 Nucingen ; she knew all the world of gallantry living in the 
 years 1829 and 1830 [The Harlot's Progress, Z\ 
 
 Beauseant, Marquis and Comte de, father and eldest 
 brother of the Vicomte de Beauseant, the husband of Claire 
 de Bourgogne [A Forsaken Woman, }i\. In 18 19 the Marquis 
 and Comte de Beauseant lived together in their hotel, Rue 
 Saint-Dominique, Paris [Father Goriot, 6r]. Under the 
 Revolution the marquis was an emigre ; the Abbe de Marolles 
 corresponded with him [An Episode of the Reign of Ter- 
 ror, t\ 
 
 Beauseant, Marquise de. In 1824 a Marquise de Beau- 
 seant, then very old, is found in relations with Chaulieu. 
 This was probably the widow of the marquis of that name, 
 and the mother of the Comte and Vicomte de Beauseant 
 [Letters of Two Brides, v\. The Marquise de Beauseant was a 
 Champignelles, of the almost royal eldest branch [A Forsaken 
 Woman, K\. 
 
 Beauseant, Vicomte de, husband of Claire de Bourgogne. 
 He knew of the intimacy of his wife with Miguel d'x\juda- 
 Pinto, and, willy-nilly, respected this species of morganatic 
 union, recognized by society. The Vicomte de Beauseant had 
 his mansion in Paris, Rue de Crenelle, in 1819; he became 
 marquis on the death of his father and elder brother. He 
 was a brave man, a courtier, methodical and ceremonious; 
 also obstinate and egotistical. His death allowed Mme. de 
 
28 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Beauseant to marry Gaston de Nueil [Father Goriot, O — 
 A Forsaken Woman, li\. 
 
 Beauseant, Vicomtesse de, born Claire de Bourgogne, 
 in 1792; wife of the preceding, a cousin of Eugene de Ras- 
 tignac ; of a family nearly royal. Deceived by her lover, 
 Miguel d'Ajuda-Pinto, who, the while he continued his inti- 
 macy with her, had asked for and obtained the hand of Berthe 
 de Rochefide, the marquise, before this marriage, secretly left 
 Paris, on the morning following a great ball given at her home 
 and at which she had appeared in all her pride and glory. 
 In 1820, this "Forsaken Woman" lived, for three years, in 
 the strictest privacy, at Courcelles, near Bayeux. Gaston de 
 Nueil, a young man of twenty-three, sent to Normandy to 
 recover his health, called upon her at her home ; he followed 
 this up, and, after a long siege, he became her lover at Geneva, 
 whither she had flown ; this intimacy continued for nine years, 
 being broken by the marriage of the young man. In 1819, 
 at Paris, the Vicomtesse de Beauseant received the most famous 
 *Mmpertinents" of the day — the Maulincours, Ronquerolles, 
 Maxime de Trailles, Marsays, Vandenesses; together with the 
 most fashionable women, including Lady Brandon, the Duch-. 
 esse de Langeais, Countess de Kergarouet, Madame de Serizy, 
 Duchesse Carigliano, Comtesse Ferraud, Madame de Lanty, 
 Marquise d'Aiglemont, Madame Firmiani, Marquise de Listo- 
 mere, Marquise d'Espard, and the Duchesse de Maufrigneuse. 
 She was equally as intimate with the Grandlieus and General 
 de Montriveau. Rastignac, then a poor man, was also an at- 
 tendant at her **At homes" [Father Goriot, 6r — A Forsaken 
 Woman, It — Albert Savaron, /]. 
 
 Beaussier, a man of the middle-class at Issoudon under 
 the Restoration. Having seen Joseph Bridau in the diligence, 
 during the journey of that artist and his mother, in 1822, he 
 said that he would not have liked to encounter him at night 
 in some corner of a forest, for he had the appearance of a 
 brigand. The same evening Beaussier, with his wife, paid a 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 29 
 
 visit to the Hocbons, to get a fuller view of the painter at 
 close quarters [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Beaussier junior, called the "great Beaussier," son of 
 the preceding, was one of the Knights of Idlesse, commanded 
 by Maxence Gilet, at Issoudon, under the Restoration [A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, eJ]. 
 
 Beauvisage, the doctor at a Carmellite convent at Blois, 
 under Louis XVIII. He was known by Louise de Chaulieu 
 and Renee de Maucombe, who were brought up in the con- 
 vent. After the passing of Louise de Chaulieu there is no 
 certain mention of the man by this name [Letters of Two 
 Brides, v\. 
 
 Beauvisage had been the tenant of the magnificent farm 
 of Bellache, a portion of the Gondreville estate at Arcis-sur- 
 Aube; the father of Phileas Beauvisage. Died about the 
 beginning of the nineteenth century [A Historical Mys- 
 tery, ff — The Deputy for Arcis, J[>J>]. 
 
 Beauvisage, Madame, wife of the foregoing. She sur- 
 vived him a long time and was able to aid in the triumph of 
 her son Phileas [The Deputy for Arcis, Z)J>]. 
 
 Beauvisage, Phileas, son of the farmer Beauvisage ; born 
 in 1792; a hosier at Arcis-sur-Aube, under the Restoration; 
 the mayor of that town in 1839. After a first check he was 
 elected deputy, after being defeated by Sallenauve. A friend 
 and admirer of Crevel, whom he followed as an example in 
 good style. A millionaire and vain, he would have furnished, 
 according to Crevel, Madame Hulot, as the price of her 
 favors, with the two hundred thousand francs which that 
 unhappy v/oman had needed about 1842 [Cousin Betty, %v — 
 The Deputy for Arcis, JDX)]. 
 
 Beauvisage, Madame, nee^ Severine Grevin, 1795, wife 
 of Phileas Beauvisage, whom she dominated. A daughter of 
 Grevin, notary of Arcis-sur-Aube, the intimate friend of Sen- 
 ator Malin of Gondreville. She had her father's remarkable 
 cleverness, and, although of small stature, much resembled 
 
30 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Mile. Mars in her countenance and manner [The Deputy for 
 Arcis, Tyiy\. 
 
 Beauvisage, Cecile-Renee, only daughter of Phileas 
 Beauvisage and Severine Grevin, born in 1820. Her real 
 father was Vicomte Melchior de Chargebceuf, who was sub- 
 prefect of Arcis-sur-Aube at the beginning of the Restoration ; 
 she was a living picture of him in her aristocratic manner. 
 The Comte de Gondreville was her godfather ; Madame Kel- 
 ler, the daughter of the count, her godmother. She married 
 in May, 1847, ^^ Paris, Maxime de Trailles [The Deputy for 
 Arcis, iyD\ 
 
 Beauvoir, Charles-Felix-Theodore, Chevalier de, 
 cousin of Mme. la Duchesse de Maille. A Chouan, a prisoner 
 of the Republic in 1799, at the castle of I'Escarpe; the hero- 
 ine in a chronicle of marital revenge, told in 1836 by Lous- 
 teau, before Mme. de la Baudraye, and which he narrated in 
 a style equal to that of Charles Nodier [Muse of the Depart- 
 ment, CC\ 
 
 Becaniere, La, the cognomen of Barbette Cibot. See 
 the latter name. 
 
 Becker, Edme, a medical student, living, in 1828, on the 
 Rue de la Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve, No. 22, in the house 
 occupied by the Marquis d'Espard [The Commission in Lu- 
 nacy, c]. 
 
 Bedeau, office-boy to Maitre Bordin, barrister, in 1787 [A 
 Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Bega, a surgeon in a French regiment of the army in 
 Spain, 1808. After having secretly accouched a Spanish 
 lady, under the surveillance of her lover, he was assassinated 
 by her husband, who surprised him at the moment when he 
 had finished telling of this clandestine delivery. The adven- 
 ture was narrated, in 1836, before Mme. de la Baudraye, by 
 the receiver of taxes, Gravier, an old army pay-clerk [Muse of 
 the Department, CC\ 
 
 Begrand, La, dancer, in 1820, at the Porte-Saint-Martin 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 31 
 
 theatre, Paris ; * Mariette, who made her debut at this time, 
 formed a remarkable contrast to her when by her side [A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, «/]. 
 
 Bellefeuille, Mademoiselle de, a name borrowed by- 
 Caroline Crochard — which see. 
 
 Bellejambe, servant of Lieutenant-Colonel Husson in 
 1837 [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Belor, Mademoiselle de, a young girl of Bordeaux, living 
 there in 1822. She was always searching for a husband, 
 which, from one cause or another, she was never able to find. 
 Was probably intimate with Evangelista [A Marriage Settle- 
 ment, aa\. 
 
 Bemboni, Monsignor, attache of the secretary of State, 
 at Rome, commanded to give free passage to the Due de 
 Sorid's letters to Madrid from the Baron de Macumer, his 
 brother, a Spanish refugee in Paris, 1823-24 [Letters of Two 
 Brides, v\ 
 
 Benard, Pieri, after two years of correspondence with a 
 German, he found a ''Virgin of Dresden," engraved by 
 Muller, on China paper and proof before letters, which cost 
 Cesar Birotteau five hundred francs. The perfumer destined 
 this engraving for Vauquelin the chemist, to whom he lay 
 under obligations [Cesar Birotteau, 0\ 
 
 Benassis, Doctor, born about 1779 in a little town of 
 the Languedoc. He was brought up at the Soreze College, 
 Tarn, under direction of the Oratorians, and afterward be- 
 came a student of medicine at Paris, where he resided in the 
 Latin quarter. At the age of twenty-two he lost his father, 
 who left him a great fortune ; then he deserted a young girl, 
 of whom he had had a son born, for the sake of indulging 
 in dissipation and folly. This young girl, both good and 
 devout, died two years after her desertion, in spite of the 
 assiduous care of her repentant lover. Later Benassis sought 
 
 * It remained brilliant for more than sixty years, as renowned artists 
 depicted it from the boulevards. 
 
32 COMPENDIUM 
 
 another young maiden in marriage who belonged to a strict 
 Jansenist family; once agreed to, he was afterward rejected 
 most definitely; following this he devoted his whole life to 
 his son, but this boy died in his youth. After hesitating for 
 some time between suicide and the monastery of the Grande- 
 Chartreuse, Doctor Benassis stopped over by chance in the 
 poor village of I'lsere, five leagues from Grenoble. He quit 
 there no more until he had transformed the wretched hamlet, 
 inhabited by pining cretins, into the chief place in the can- 
 ton, with a prosperous and active people. Benassis died in 
 1829, being mayor of that commune; all the inhabitants wept 
 over their benefactor, who was their good genius [The Coun- 
 try Doctor, O]. 
 
 Benedetto, an Italian living in Rome in the early part 
 of the nineteenth century. He was at once a passable musi- 
 cian and a police spy ; ugly, little, and given to drink, he was 
 yet the lucky husband of Luigia, whose exquisite beauty he 
 was wont to exploit. His disgusted wife, one evening when 
 he was filled with wine, lighted a brasier of charcoal, after 
 having carefully stopped up all chinks of the conjugal cham- 
 ber ; the neighbors rushed in and saved one — Benedetto was 
 dead [The Deputy for Arcis, _Di>]. 
 
 Bere'nice, chambermaid and cousin of Coralie, an actress 
 at the Panorama and Gymnase Dramatiques. A burly Nor- 
 man, as ugly as her mistress was pretty, but of a fine and 
 delicate mind, in exact proportion to her corpulence. She 
 had been Coralie's companion in her childhood and was 
 absolutely devoted to her. In October, 1822, she gave to 
 Lucien de Rubempre, then without any other resource, four 
 five-franc pieces, which she had doubtless earned by the gen- 
 erosity of her "lovers for a short time," met on the Bonne- 
 Nouvelle boulevard. This amount allowed that unfortunate 
 poet to return to Angouleme [A Distinguished Provincial 
 at Paris, M.\ 
 
 Bergerin was the leading physician at Saumur under the 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 33 
 
 Restoration. He carefully attended the Felix Grandets in 
 their last illnesses [Eugenie Grandet, _EJ]. 
 
 Bergmann, M. and Mme., Swiss. Former gardeners of 
 a Corate Borromeo, who maintained parks on the two most 
 farnous islands in the Majeur Lake. In 1823 they were the 
 owners, at Gersau, in the canton of Lucerne, near by the Lake 
 of the Four Cantons, of a house of which they had rented 
 off, since the preceding year, a floor to the Prince and Prin- 
 cess Gandolphini. They were personages in a novel, *•' Love's 
 Ambitions," published by Albert Sa varus, in the '* Revue de 
 I'Est," in 1834 [Albert Savaron,/]. 
 
 Bernard. See Baron de Bourlac. 
 
 Bernus, a carrier, who traveled with the merchandise and 
 possibly the letters of Saint-Nazaire to Guerande, under 
 Charles X. and Louis-Philippe [Beatrix, J*]. 
 
 Berquet, a workman of Besan^on, who built in 1834, in 
 the garden of the Wattevilles, an elevated summer-house, 
 from which Rosalie, their daughter, could plainly see every 
 gesture and motion made by Albert Savarus, who lived near 
 by [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Berthier, Alexandre, marshal of the Empire, born at 
 Versailles in 1753, died 1815. As minister of War at the 
 end of 1799, he wrote Hulot, who then commanded the 72d 
 half-brigade, refusing his resignation and giving him certain 
 instructions [The Chouans, Jg]. On the eve of the battle of 
 Jena, October 13, 1806, he accompanied the Emperor and 
 with him met the Marquis de Chargeboeuf and Laurence de 
 Cinq-Cygne, who had come express from France to implore 
 pardon for the des Simeuses, Hauteserres, and Michu, con- 
 victed as the abductors of Senator Malin of Gondreville [A 
 Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Berthier, a notary in Paris, successor to Cardot, in whose 
 
 office he had been second head clerk, marrying his daughter 
 
 Felicite (or Felicie). In 1843 he was Madame Marneffe's 
 
 notary ; at the same period he had charge of the business of 
 
 3 
 
34 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Camusot de Marville, and Sylvain Pons often dined there with 
 him. Maitre Berthier -drew up the marriage settlement of 
 Wilhelm Schwab and Emilie Graff and the deed of copart- 
 nership between Fritz Brunner and Wilhelm Schwab [Cousin 
 Betty, W — Cousin Pons, x\ 
 
 Berthier, Madame, nee Felicie Cardot, wife of the 
 above. She had been seduced by the chief clerk in her 
 father's office. The young man suddenly died, leaving her 
 enceinte. She then married, in 1837, the second clerk, Ber- 
 thier, after being on the point of marrying Lousteau. Ber- 
 thier knew the secret of the chief clerk and that of Lousteau's. 
 The marriage was comparatively a happy one. Mme. Ber- 
 thier, out of gratitude to her husband, was a perfect slave 
 to him. So, toward the end of 1844, she treated Sylvain 
 Pons, then at outs with the rest of his relatives, more than 
 coldly [Muse of the Department, CC — Cousin Pons, a?]. 
 
 Berton, tax-collector at Arcis-sur-Aube in 1839 [The 
 Deputy for Arcis, X>1>]. 
 
 Berton, Mademoiselle, daughter of the tax-collector at 
 Arcis-sur-Aube. A young and insignificant girl who played 
 the satellite to Cecile Beauvisage and Ernestine Mollot [The 
 Deputy for Arcis, T>jy\. 
 
 Berton, Doctor, a physician of Paris. In 1836 he lived 
 on the Rue d'Enfer.=^ He was affiliated with Mme. de la 
 Chanterie in her benevolent work ; he visited the sick poor of 
 whom she told him ; he cared for, among others, Vauda de 
 Mergi, the daughter of Baron du Bourlac (M. Bernard). 
 Doctor Berton was a cold, stern man [The Seamy Side of 
 History, T\ 
 
 Bethune, Prince de, the only man of the aristocracy 
 who "understood a hat," to follow the words of Vital the 
 hatter, in 1845 [The Unconscious Mummers, Vl\. 
 
 Beunier & Co., a house of whom Mme. Nourrisson spoke 
 to Bixiou in 1845 [The Unconscious Mummers, t^]. 
 * Now the Rue Denfert-Rochereau. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE, 35 
 
 Bianchi, an Italian, a captain under the first Empire, in 
 the sixth regiment of the French line, almost wholly com- 
 posed of men of his nationality. Famous among his associ- 
 ates for having bet that he would eat the heart of a Spanish 
 sentinel and for having won the bet. Captain Bianchi 
 planted the first French flag on the walls of Tarragona, 
 Spain, in the attack of 1808; but he was killed by a monk 
 [The Maranas, e\. 
 
 Bianchon, Doctor, a physician of Sancerre, father of 
 Horace Bianchon, brother of Mme. Popinot, the wife of 
 Judge Popinot [The Commission in Lunacy, c]. 
 
 Bianchon, Horace, a physician of Paris, famous in the 
 reigns of Charles X. and Louis-Philippe, officer of the Legion 
 of Honor, member of the Institute, professor in the Faculte 
 de Medecine, physician-in-chief, at the same time, of a hos- 
 pital and I'Ecole Polytechnique ; born at Sancerre, Cher, in 
 the latter part of the nineteenth century. In 1819, while 
 house-surgeon of the Cochin Hospital, he took his meals at 
 Vauquer's boarding-house, where he was friendly with Eugene 
 de Rastignac, then a worthy student, and knew Goriot and 
 Vautrin [Father Goriot, Q\ Shortly afterward he became 
 the favorite pupil, at the Hotel-Dieu, of Desplein, the sur- 
 geon, whom he attended at his last moment [The Atheist's 
 Mass, c]. A nephew of Judge Jean-Jules Popinot and a re- 
 lation of Ansel me Popinot, he was acquainted with Cesar 
 Birotteau, the perfumer, and to whom he gave the recipe for 
 the famous oil of hazelnuts. He was given an invitation to 
 the great ball from which Cesar's ruin dated [Cesar Birot- 
 teau, O — The Commission in Lunacy, c\ A member of 
 the Cenacle of the Rue Quatre-Vents and intimately united 
 with all the young men who formed that society, he was as a 
 consequence able to place Daniel d'Arthez in communication 
 with Rastignac, who was now become the secretary of State. 
 He attended Lucien de Rubempre, who was wounded in 
 1822 in a duel with Michel Christien ; and also Coralie, 
 
36 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Lucien's mistress, and Mme. Bridau on their death-beds 
 [A Distinguished Provincial, JK^K Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, e7— The Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, ;§;]. In 1824 
 the young Doctor Bianchon accompanied Desplein, being 
 called in by Flamet, to the death-bed of Billardiere [Les 
 Employes, cc]. With the same Desplein and Dr. Martener, 
 of Provins, in 1828, he gave more care to Pierrette Lorrain 
 than he would have given an empress [Pierrette, t]. The 
 same year, 1828, he wished once to become one of the expedi- 
 tion to Morea. He was then Mme. de Listomere's physician, 
 of whom he afterward told of a blunder to Rastignac [A 
 Study of Woman, (i\. In 1829, again with Desplein, he was 
 called in by Mme. de Nucingen, and in her boudoir was 
 primed as to her husband, Barori de Nucingen, being sick of 
 love for Esther Gobseck. In 1830, always as ever with his 
 famous master, he was sent for by Corentin to give an opinion 
 on the death of Peyrade and the case of the crazed Lydie, his 
 daughter ; then, once more with Desplein and with Dr. 
 Sinard, he attended Mme. de Serizy, whom it was thought 
 would lose her mind after the suicide of Lucien de Rubempre 
 [The Harlot's Progress, T^ ^]. Again with Desplein and 
 about the same time, he was in attendance to the last mo- 
 ments of Honorine, Comte de Bauvan's wife [Honorine, ifc], 
 and saw the daughter of Baron de Bourlac (M. Bernard), 
 who had taken a strange Polish complaint — the plique [The 
 Seamy Side of History, T\ Horace Bianchon was, in 1831, 
 the friend and doctor of Raphael de Valentin [The Wild Ass' 
 Skin, A^. Familiar with the Comte de Granville, in 1833, 
 he attended his mistress, Caroline Crochard [A Second 
 Home, «]. He also attended Mme. du Bruel, at that time 
 Palferine's mistress, who had wounded herself by falling, her 
 head striking against an angle of the fireplace [A Prince of 
 Bohemia, FF'\ ; then, in 1835, attended Mme. Marie Gaston 
 (Louise de Chaulieu) after all hope had fled [Letters of Two 
 Brides, v']. In 1837 he was accoucheur, at Paris, of Mme, 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 37 
 
 de la Baudraye, in the family-way by the work of Lousteau ; he 
 was assisted by the celebrated accoucheur Duriau [Muse of the 
 Department, CC\ In 1838 he was the doctor of Comte 
 Laginski [The Imaginary Mistress, K\. In 1840 Horace 
 Bianchon lived on the Rue de la Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve, 
 in the house in which his uncle, Judge Popinot, had died. 
 He was asked to consent to be nominated to the municipal 
 council, to fill the place of that magistrate of integrity; but 
 he refused, and declared himself in favor of the candidature 
 of Thuillier [The Middle Classes, ee\. Doctor of the Baron 
 Hulot, of Crevel and Mme. Marneife, with seven of his col- 
 leagues, he noted the terrible sickness which carried off Val- 
 erie and her second husband in 1842, and 1843 he also 
 attended Lisbeth Fischer in her last illness [Cousin Betty, W^. 
 Then, in 1844, Doctor Bianchon was called in consultation 
 by the physician Roubaub in reference to Madame Graslin at 
 Montegnac [The Country Parson, JE'\ Horace Bianchon was 
 a brilliant and witty story-teller. He told to the world the 
 adventures which have for title : A Study of Woman, a — 
 Another Study of Woman, l — The Great Breteche,^. 
 
 Bibi-Lupin, chief of the police of safety from 1819 to 
 1830; an old convict. In 1819 he himself arrested, at the 
 Vauquer boarding-house, Jacques Collin, called Vautrin, his 
 former companion at the hulks and his personal enemy. 
 Under the name of Gondureau, Bibi-Lupin entered into 
 relations with Mademoiselle Michonneau, a boarder at Mme. 
 Vauquer's, and by her aid he obtained the proofs that he 
 whom he wanted was the veritable one under the identity of 
 Vautrin, then an escaped prisoner; soon after, May, 1830, 
 he succeeded to the head of the police of safety [Father 
 Goriot, 6r — Vautrin's Last Avatar,";^]. 
 
 Bidault, M. and Mme., brother and sister-in-law of 
 Bidault, called Gigonnet, father and mother of Monsieur 
 and Madame Saillard, furniture dealers under the pillars of 
 the Central Market, toward the end of the eighteenth cen- 
 
38 COMPENDIUM 
 
 tury and also most likely at the commencement of the nine- 
 teenth [Les Employes, cc\- 
 
 Bidault, called Gigonnet, born in 1755, originally of 
 I'Auvergne, uncle of Mme. Saillard on the paternal side. 
 Formerly a paper merchant, retiring in the year II. of the 
 Republic, he had at that time opened an account with a 
 Dutchman, the Sieur Werbrust, a friend of Gobseck's. In 
 reference to business with the last named he had, like him, 
 the name of being one of the most formidable usurers in 
 Paris under the Empire, during the Restoration, and the first 
 years of the government of July. He lived on the Rue Gre- 
 neta [Les Employes, cc — Gobseck, (j\ Luigi Porta, a supe- 
 rior officer, reduced under Louis XVIII., sold to Gigonnet 
 all the arrears of his back pay [The Vendetta, i\ Bidault 
 was one of the syndicate that brought about Birotteau's failure 
 in 1819. At this time he persecuted Mme. Madou, a "dry 
 fruit" dealer, his debtor [Cesar Birotteau, O]. In 1824 he 
 was able to have his grand-nephew, Isidore Baudoyer, made 
 chief of a division in the Bureau of Finance, and was able, 
 with the concurrence of Gobseck and Mitral, in playing upon 
 the secretary-general, Chardin des Lupeaulx, overwhelmed 
 with debts and a candidate for deputy [Les Employes, cc\. 
 Bidault was a very cunning man : he divined the dissimula- 
 tion under the third liquidation, operated by Nucingen in 
 1826, and much to his profit [The Firm of Nucingen, f ]. 
 In 1833 M. du Tillet induced Nathan, who needed money 
 very badly, to apply to Gigonnet ; this advice had for its 
 end the embarrassment of Nathan [A Daughter of Eve, F]. 
 The nickname of Gigonnet was given to Bidault from the 
 feverish and convulsive motions which he had in one leg [Les 
 Employes, cc\. 
 
 Biddin, a goldsmith on the Rue de TArbre-Sec, Paris, in 
 1829; one of Esther Gobseck's creditors [The Harlot's Pro- 
 gress, Y\ 
 
 Biffe, La, the concubine of the malefactor Riganson, 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 39 
 
 called le Biffon. This woman, a sort of Jacques Collin in 
 petticoats, dodged the police by the aid of her disguises; she 
 knew most admirably how to act the marquise, baroness, or 
 countess ; she had a carriage and servants [The Harlot's Pro- 
 gress — Vautrin's Last Avatar, &\ 
 
 Biffon, Le, real name Riganson. 
 
 Bigorneau, a romantic-looking assistant, employed by 
 Fritot, a dry goods dealer, in Paris, in the quarter of the 
 Bourse, under Louis-Philippe [Gaudissart 11. , n]. 
 
 Bijou, Olympe. See Grenouville, Madame. 
 
 Binet, a tavern-keeper in the department of the Orne in 
 1809. He was implicated in the trial which had then a cer- 
 tain interest for and clouded the life of Madame de la Chan- 
 terie, striking at her daughter, Madame des Tour-Minieres. 
 Binet harbored the brigands called *' Chauffeurs " j brought 
 before the tribunal, he was condemned to five years' imprison- 
 ment [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Birotteau, Jacques, a cotter; living near Chinon. He 
 married the chambermaid of a lady for whom he trimmed the 
 vines ; he had three boys, Francois, Jean, and Cesar ; he lost 
 his wife when brought to bed of her last child (1779), and 
 died himself shortly thereafter [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Birotteau, Abbe Francois, the eldest son of Jacques 
 Birotteau; born about 1766; vicar of the church of Saint- 
 Gatien, Tours, afterward becoming cur^ of Saint-Symphorium 
 in the same town. In 181 7, after the death of the Abbe de 
 la Berge, he became Mme. de Mortsauf's confessor, and was 
 present at her last hour [The Lily of the Valley, i]. In 
 1819, his brother Cesar, the perfumer, wrote him after his 
 ruin and asked him for assistance ; Abbe Birotteau sent, in a 
 letter full of tenderness, the sum of one thousand francs, 
 which represented the whole of his savings, beside a further 
 amount given him by Mme. de Listomere [Cesar Birot- 
 teau, O]. Accused of having unduly influenced the same Mme. 
 de Listomere to leave him an income of fifteen hundred francs 
 
40 COMPENDIUM 
 
 at her death, he was placed by his archbishop under an inter- 
 diction in 1826, the terrible victim of the hate of the Abbe 
 Froubert [The Celibates, J"]. 
 
 Birotteau, Jean, the second son of Jacques Birotteau ; 
 he was killed, while captain, at the famous battle of Trebia, 
 which lasted for three days, from June 17th to 19th, 1799 
 [Cesar Birotteau, O]- 
 
 Birotteau, Cesar, the third son of Jacques Birotteau, 
 born 1779; a perfumer in Paris, No. 397 Rue Saint-Hon- 
 ore, near the Place Vendome, in the store once occupied by 
 Descoings the grocer, who was executed with Andre Chenier 
 in 1794. Cesar Birotteau was the successor of Sieur Ragon, 
 after the i8th Brumaire, and transposed the front of the 
 "Queen of Roses" at the address given. He had among 
 his patrons the Georges, the La Billardieres, the Montaurans, 
 the Bauvans, the Longuys, Mandas, Berniers, the Guenics, 
 and the Fontaines. This relationship with the militant 
 Royalists led to the conspiracy of the 13th Vendemaire, 1795, 
 against the Convention, in which he was wounded ; he often 
 repeated this story, *'by Bonaparte, on the steps of Saint- 
 Roch." The perfumer Birotteau married, in the month of 
 May, 1800, Constance-Barbe-Josephine Pillerault, who bore 
 him only one daughter, Cesarine, married in 1822 to Anselme 
 Popinot. By turns he was captain, then major of battalion 
 in the National Guard and deputy mayor of the eleventh 
 arrondissement ; he was nominated a chevalier of the Legion 
 of Honor in 1818. To celebrate his nomination to the order 
 he gave a grand ball'*' which necessitated important changes 
 in his apartments; this, together with bad speculations, 
 caused his total ruin and he had to file his petition in bank- 
 ruptcy, the year following. By stubborn work and very 
 scrupulous economy Birotteau entirely settled with his cred- 
 itors in less than three years, in 1822; but he died soon 
 
 * December 17th was really a Thursday, not Sunday, as erroneously 
 given. 
 
COmAdIE HUMAlNE. 41 
 
 after his solemn rehabilitation by the court. He had, in 
 1818, amongst the number of his customers: the Due and 
 Duchesse de Lenoncourt, Princesse de Blamont-Chauvry, the 
 Marquise d'Espard, the two Vandenesses, Marsay, Ronque- 
 roUes, and the Marquis d'Aiglemont [Cesar Birotteau, O — A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, J'\ Cesar Birotteau was on a 
 friendly footing with the Guillaumes, dry goods dealers on 
 the Rue Saint-Denis [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket, f\. 
 
 Birotteau, Madame ; maiden name Constance-Barbe-Jose- 
 phine Pillerault ; born in 1782; wife of Cesar Birotteau, 
 whom she married in May, 1800. She was " forelady " at 
 the ''Little Sailor,"* a store for the sale of novelties and 
 outfittings, at the corner of the Quai d'Anjou and the Rue 
 des Deux-Ponts, Paris, until her marriage. Her only relative 
 and protector was Claude- Joseph Pillerault, her uncle [Cesar 
 Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Birotteau, Cesarine. See Popinot, Madame Anselme. 
 
 BixioUj'f" a grocer on the Rue Saint-Honore, Paris, in the 
 eighteenth century, before the Revolution. He had a clerk, 
 named Descoings, who married his widow. Bixiou the grocer 
 was grandfather to the noted caricaturist Jean-Jacques Bixiou 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, JT]. 
 
 Bixiou, son of the preceding and father of Jean-Jacques 
 Bixiou. He was killed, a colonel of the 21st regiment of the 
 line, at the battle of Dresden, August 26 or 27, 1813 [A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, «/"]. 
 
 Bixiou, Jean- Jacques, a celebrated designer, son of Col- 
 onel Bixiou, killed at Dresden, step-son of Madame Descoings, 
 once the widow of Bixiou the grocer. Born in 1797, he 
 completed his studies at the Lyceum, to which he had ob- 
 tained a scholarship ; here he had for companions Philippe 
 and Joseph Bridau, also Maitre Desroches. He afterward 
 
 * This store still exists at the same place, No. 43 Quai d'Anjou and 
 No. 40 Rue des Deux-Ponts, under the management of M. L. Bellevant, 
 \ The name is pronounced " Bissiou." 
 
42 COMPENDIUM 
 
 entered the studio of Gros the painter ; then, m 1819, by the 
 favor of the Dues de Maufrigneuse and de Rhetore, who knew 
 him from meeting him with dancers, he was given a position 
 in the Bureau of Finance ; he stayed there until December, 
 1824, at which time he was discharged. In the same year he 
 was one of the witnesses to the marriage of Philippe Bridau 
 to Flore Brazier, called la Rabouilleuse, then the widow of 
 J. J. Rouget. After the death of that woman, disguised as 
 a priest, he was taken to the Hotel de Soulanges, where he 
 related the scandal of that death, to which she had been 
 brought by her husband, and the wicked doings and indeli- 
 cacy of Philippe Bridau, and thus broke off his marriage with 
 Mile. Amelie de Soulanges. A talented caricaturist, a past- 
 master in practical jokes, he was also the king of jesters, and 
 lived an unbridled life. He was friendly with all the artists 
 and lorettes of his time ; among others he knew the painter 
 Hippolyte Schinner. During the trial of Fulades and de 
 Castaing he made a good thing out of his fantastic cari- 
 catures which he supplied for publication [A Bachelor's Es- 
 tablishment, JT — Les Employes, CC — The Purse, ^]. He 
 designed the vignettes for Canalis' works [Modeste Mig- 
 non, jK"]. With Blondet, Lousteau, and Nathan, he was one of 
 the frequenters of Esther Gobseck's apartments, Rue Saint- 
 Georges, 1829-30 [The Harlot's Progress, Y\ In 1836, in 
 the private dining-room of a celebrated restaurant, he told 
 with much spirit the origin of Nucingen's fortune to Finot, 
 Blondet, and Couture [The Firm of Nucingen, f]. In Jan- 
 uary, 1837, he was desired by his friend Lousteau to come 
 and upbraid him on his unbecoming relations with Mme. de 
 la Baudraye, while she was concealed in a neighboring room 
 and could hear all. This scene was without effect ; she more 
 than ever declared her attachment to Lousteau and begged 
 him to take her as his mistress [Muse of the Department, 
 CO]. In 1838 his home was with HeloTse Brisetout when 
 she "hung out" on the Rue Chauchatj in the same year he 
 
COM&DIE HVMAINE, 43 
 
 was present at the marriage of Steinbock to Hortense Hulot, 
 and at that of Crevel with the widow Mme. Marneffe [Cousin 
 Betty, w\ The sculptor Dorlange-Sallenauve knew of Bixiou 
 and complained of his slanders [The Deputy for Arcis, J>J>]. 
 Very warmly welcomed by Madame Schontz, about 1838, 
 he passed for being her preference, although in reality their 
 relations did not pass the bounds of friendship [Beatrix, J?]. 
 In 1840, at the home of Marguerite Turquet, whither he 
 was taken by Cardot, the notary, he heard a story told by 
 Desroches before Lousteau, Nathan, and La Palferine [A Man 
 of Business, V\. Bixiou assisted, about 1844, ii^ the scene of 
 high comedy in reference to the Selim shawl sold by Fritot 
 to Mrs. Noswell ; Bixiou was in the store with M. du Ron- 
 ceret, buying a shawl for Mme. Schontz [Gaudissart II., 7i\. 
 In 1845 Bixiou showed Paris and ** The Unconscious Mum- 
 mers" to the Pyrenean Gazonal, in company with Leon de 
 Lora, a cousin of the provincial. At this time Bixiou, who 
 was a habitue of the Rue de Ponthieu, at the time when he 
 was a government clerk, lived at No. 112 Rue Richelieu, on 
 the sixth floor [The Unconscious Mummers, if], and he was 
 the real lover of HeloVse Brisetout [Cousin Pons, x\. 
 
 Blamont-Chauvry, Princesse de, mother of Mme. 
 d'Espard, aunt of the Duchesse de Langeais, great-aunt of 
 Mme. de Mortsauf, a veritable d'Hozier in petticoats. Her 
 salon was the authority in the faubourg Saint-Germain, and 
 the words of this feminine Talleyrand were listened to as those 
 of an oracle. Very old at the beginning of the reign of Louis 
 XVIII. , she was the most poetic reminder of the reign of 
 Louis XV., called the *' Good Friend," to the nickname of 
 which she had, following the history, contributed her due 
 share [The Thirteen — The Duchess of Langeais, hh\ Mme. 
 Firmiani was received at her home in memory of the Cadig- 
 nans to whom she belonged on her mother's side [Madame 
 Firmiani, }i\, and Felix de Vandenesse was admitted on the 
 recommendation of Mme. de Mortsauf; he found peace in 
 
44 COMPENDIUM 
 
 this old woman, a friend whose sentiments were to some ex- 
 tent maternal. The princess was at the family council which 
 met to judge the amorous escapade of the Duchesse Antoinette 
 de Langeais [The Lily of the Valley, X— The Thirteen — The 
 Duchess of Langeais, 6&]. 
 
 Blandureaus, very wealthy linen merchants at Alengon, 
 under the Restoration. They had an only daughter to whom 
 President du Ronceret wished to marry his son, but who married 
 Joseph Blondet, eldest son of Judge Blondet ; this marriage 
 caused secret hostilities between the two fathers, of whom one 
 was the chief of the other [The Collection of Antiquities, aa]. 
 
 Blondet, a judge at Alengon in 1824, born in 1758, father 
 of Joseph and Emile Blondet. An old public prosecutor 
 under the Revolution. A pastmaster in botany, he had a 
 wonderful greenhouse where above all else he cultivated pelar- 
 goniums. This greenhouse was visited by the Empress Marie- 
 Louise, who spoke to the Emperor and obtained for the judge 
 the decoration of the Legion of Honor. After the matter 
 of Victurnien d'Escrignon, about 1825, Judge Blondet was 
 promoted to be an officer in the order and was appointed 
 councilor in the Royal Court : he could not rest longer in 
 that function than the time necessary and returned to live 
 in his dear house at Alen^on. He was married in 1798, 
 at the age of forty, to a young girl of eighteen, who fell as a 
 consequence. He knew that Emile, his second son, was not 
 gotten by him ; so he did not have the same affection for him 
 that he had for the eldest, and quickly sent him away [The 
 Collection of Antiquities, acC\. About 1838, Fabien du Ron- 
 ceret was remarkable at an agricultural assembly for a flower 
 which had been given him by old Blondet, and which he 
 claimed to have gotten from his own greenhouse [Beatrix, J*]. 
 
 Blondet, Madame, wife of the foregoing, born in 1780, 
 married in 1798. She became the mistress of a prefect of the 
 Orne, who was the natural father in adultery of Emile Blondet. 
 When the tie was broken she attached herself to the Troisville 
 
CO ME DIE HUMAINE. 45 
 
 family ; she there introduced her favorite son Emile, and 
 died there in 1818; she had recommended him to her old lover 
 and at the same time to the future General de Montcornet, 
 with whom he had been raised [The Collection of Antiqui- 
 ties, aa\. 
 
 Blondet, Joseph, oldest son of Judge Blondet of Alen- 
 ^on ; born in that town about 1799- He practiced in 1824 
 the profession of a barrister, and aspired to become a substi- 
 tute judge. Pending this he succeeded his father; he occu- 
 pied that post until his death. He was of a remarkable and 
 general mediocrity [The Collection of Antiquities, ucC\. 
 
 Blondet, Madame Joseph, formerly Claire Blandureau, 
 wife of Joseph Blondet, whom she married when he was 
 appointed judge at Alengon. She was a daughter of the 
 richest linen merchant in the town [The Collection of Antiqui- 
 ties, aa\ 
 
 Blondet, Emile, born at Alengon about the year 1800, 
 was, legally, the youngest son of Judge Blondet, but in 
 reality the son of a prefect of the Orne. Tenderly loved by 
 his mother, he was, on the contrary, odious to the judge, who 
 sent him, in 1818, to make his own way in Paris. When in 
 Alen^on Emile Blondet knew the noble family d'Escrignon, 
 and had an esteem that was nearly akin to admiration for 
 the last daughter of that illustrious house [Jealousies of a 
 Country Town, AA.~\. Emile Blondet was, in 1821, a very 
 beautiful young man. He made his appearance in the '* De- 
 bats " by a series of articles of much weight, and Lousteau 
 allowed him to be "one of the princes of critics" [A 
 Distinguished Provincial at Paris, ilff]. In 1824 he wrote 
 for a review run by Finot, where he collaborated with Lucien 
 de Rubempre, and he was allowed to exploit himself as he 
 wished by his editor. His manner was abrupt ; he would fre- 
 quently greet without shame, with the greatest intimacy, those 
 whom he would throw over the next day. He was in continual 
 need of money. In 1829-30 he was, with Bixiou, Lousteau, 
 
46 COMPENDIUM 
 
 and Nathan, one of the frequenters of Esther Gobseck*s 
 house. Rue Saint-Georges [The Harlot's Progress, I^]. 
 Blondet, a great banterer, had no respect for consecrated 
 fame. He made a wager, with success, that he would worry 
 the poet Canalis. Full of assurance, he bent a frigid look on 
 his curled hair, his boots, or the tails of his coat, while he 
 recited poetry or delivered a speech with emphasis, standing 
 in a studied pose [Modeste Mignon, JT]. Friendly with 
 Mile, des Touches, he is found at her home some part of the 
 time after 1830 at a rout, where Henri de Marsay told the 
 story of his first love. He took part in the discussion, and 
 described the **true woman " to the Comte Adam Laginski 
 [Another Study of Woman, V\. In 1832 he was received by 
 the Marquise d'Espard, and there met with Madame Mont- 
 cornet, the love of his childhood; with the Princess de Cadig- 
 nan. Lady Dudley, MM. d'Arthez, Nathan, Rastignac, the 
 Marquis d'Ajuda-Pinto, Maxima de Trailles, the Marquis 
 d'Escrignon, the two Vandenesses, M. du Tillet, Baron de 
 Nucingen, and Chevalier d'Espard, brother-in-law to the 
 marquise [The Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, ;sj]. 
 Blondet presented Nathan at one of Mme. de Montcornet's 
 "at homes," where the young Countess Felix de Vandenesse 
 knew of the poet and his intelligence for some time [A 
 Daughter of Eve, V\ In 1836 he assisted, with Finot and 
 Couture, at the narration of the Nucingens' beginnings, told 
 with much spirit by Bixiou in a private dining-room of a 
 celebrated restaurant [The Firm of Nucingen, f]. Eight or 
 ten years before February, 1848, Emile Blondet all but com- 
 mitted suicide, when he saw a total change in his surround- 
 ings. He was appointed prefect and married the rich widow 
 of the Comte de Montcornet, who made him the offer of her 
 hand when she became free. He had known and loved her 
 in his childhood [The Peasantry, JK]. 
 
 Blondet, ViRGiNiE, the wife on her second marriage of Emile 
 Blondet, born about 1797, daughter of the Vicomte de Trois- 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 47 
 
 ville; granddaughter of the Russian Princesse Scherbelloff. 
 She had been raised at Alengon with her future husband. 
 In 1819 she married General de Montcornet, and, a widow 
 some twenty years after, she married the love of her child- 
 hood, who had for a long time been her lover [The Collection 
 of Antiquities, aa — The Secrets of the Princess of Cadig- 
 nan, ^ — The Peasantry, jK]. In 1821, in concert with Mme. 
 d'Espard, she worked to convert Rubempre to the monarch- 
 ical idea [A Distinguished Provincial, 31\ Soon after 1830 
 she was present at an assembly at Mile, des Touches, when 
 Marsay told the story of his first love, and she joined in the 
 conversation [Another Study of Woman, T\. She received a 
 society which, from an aristocratic point of view, was a little 
 mixed ; where were to be found the celebrities in finance, art, 
 and literature [The Deputy for Arcis, J>Z>]. Madame Felix 
 de Vandenesse saw, for the first time and remarked him, the poet 
 Nathan at the home of Mme. de Montcornet [A Daughter of 
 Eve, Y\ Mme. Emile Blondet, then Generale de Mont- 
 cornet, passed the summer and autumn of 1823 in Bourgogne, 
 on her beautiful estate of Aigues, where she lived a worried 
 and agitated life in the midst of the multiple types of the 
 peasants. Remarried, become a pr^fete, she returned, under 
 Louis-Philippe, to her early propriety [The Peasantry, JK]- 
 
 Bluteau, Pierre, the name borrowed by Genestas [The 
 Country Doctor, (7]. 
 
 Bocquillon, a person known by Madame Etienne Gruget ; 
 in 1820, Rue des En fan ts- Rouges, Paris, she took for her 
 fiduciary agent Jules Desmarets into, her home [The Thir- 
 teen, B^ — Ferragus, hh\ 
 
 Bogseck, Madame van, the name given by Jacques 
 Collin to Esther van Gobseck ; some time in 1825, he gave 
 her, transformed intellectually and morally, to Lucien de Ru- 
 bempre, in an elegant suite of rooms on the Rue Tailbout 
 [The Harlot's Progress, Y\ 
 
 Boirouge, president of the court at Sancerre, at the time 
 
48 COMPENDIUM 
 
 when the Baronne de la Baudraye reigned in that town. Re- 
 lated by his wife to the Popinot-Chandiers, Judge Popinot of 
 Paris, and to Anselme Popinot. Owner by inheritance of a 
 house for which he had no use, he rented it with impressment 
 to the baroness, to establish therein a literary society, which 
 speedily dissolved in that vulgar circle. President Boirouge 
 out of jealousy was one of the authors of the election of the 
 procurear Clagny as a deputy. He passed for being quick 
 in repartee [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Boirouge, Madame, formerly Popinot-Chandier, wife of 
 the preceding ; an important member of the middle-classes. 
 After having been for nine years at the head of an opposition 
 to Mme. de la Baudraye she was persuaded by her son Gatien 
 to attend her receptions, where she was so flattered that her 
 good graces were completely won. Profiting by the sojourn 
 of Bianchon at Sancerre, a relative of hers, she obtained a 
 free consultation with that famous physician, explaining to 
 him all about her melancholy nerves in the stomach, and 
 in which he recognized a periodical indigestion [Muse of the 
 Department, CC\ 
 
 Boirouge, Gatien, son of President Boirouge ; born in 
 1814, the youngest ^^ patiio^^ of Madame de la Baudraye, 
 who employed him in all kinds of little offices. Gatien 
 Boirouge was played by Lousteau, to whom he had confided 
 his love for that superior woman [Muse of the Depart- 
 ment, CC\ 
 
 Boisfranc, de, attorney-general, then first president of a 
 Royal Court under the Restoration. See Dubut. 
 
 Boisfranc, Dubut de, president of the Cour des Aides, 
 under the old regime, brother of Dubut de Boisfrelon and of 
 Dubut de Boislaurier [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Boisfrelon, Dubut de, brother of Dubut de Boisfranc 
 and of Dubut de Boislaurier ; once a councilor in the parle- 
 ment, born in 1736, died 1832, in the house of his niece, the 
 Baroness de la Chanterie. His successor was Godefroid. 
 
COZIEDIE HUMAINE. 49 
 
 M. de Boisfrelon had been one of the '' Brothers of Conso- 
 lation." He was married, but his wife probably died before 
 him [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Boislaurier, Dubut de, youngest brother of Dubut de 
 Boisfranc and of Dubut de Boisfrelon. Supreme chief of the 
 rebels of the West in 1808-9 and designated at that time by 
 the name of Auguste. He organized, with Rifoel, Chevalier 
 du Vissard, the affair of the Chauffeurs of Mortagne. At the 
 time of the trial of the *' Brigands," he was contumaciously 
 sentenced to death [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Bois-Levant, the chief of a division in the Bureau of 
 Finance, 1824, at the time when Xavier Rabourdin and Isidore 
 Baudoyer were in disputation in reference to the succession 
 of another division, that of F. de la Billardiere [Les Em- 
 ployes, cc\ 
 
 Boleslas, a Pole in the service of the Comte and the 
 Comtesse Laginski, Rue de la Pepiniere, Paris, between 1835 
 and 1842 [The Imaginary Mistress, }l\. 
 
 Bonamy, Ida, aunt of Mile. Antonia Chocardelle. Under 
 Louis-Philippe she managed, on the Rue Coquenard,* **a few 
 steps from the Rue Pigalle," a reading-room given to her 
 niece by Maxime de Trailles [A Man of Business, X\. 
 
 Bonaparte, Napoleon, Emperor of the French ; born at 
 Ajaccio, August 15, 1769 or 1768, there being two accounts 
 of the year; died at St. Helena, May 5, 1821. In October, 
 1800, being then First Consul, he received the Corsican, 
 Bartholomeo di Piombo, and rallied his compatriot about being 
 compromised in a vendetta [The Vendetta, i]. On October 
 13, 1806, the day before the battle of Jena, he was joined on 
 the field by Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, who came thither ex- 
 press from France ; he pardoned the Simeuses and Hauteserres, 
 compromised in the abduction of Senator Malin de Gondre- 
 ville [A Historical Mystery, ff\ We see Napoleon Bona- 
 parte strongly interested in his lieutenant Hyacinthe-Chabert 
 * Since February, 1848, Rue Lamartine. 
 
50 COMPENDIUM 
 
 during the battle at Eylau [Colonel Chabert, i\ In November, 
 i8o'9, he was expected at the great ball given by Senator 
 Malin de Gondreville, but he was detained by a scene, which 
 became noised about that same evening, between himself 
 and Josephine at the Tuileries ; this led to their divorce 
 [The Peace of the House, J]. He excused the infamous 
 doings of the detective Contenson [The Seamy Side of His- 
 tory, T\ In April, 1813, during a review in the Place du 
 Carrousel, Paris, Napoleon noticed Mile, de Chatillonest, 
 who had gone there with her father to see the handsome 
 Colonel d'Aiglemont, and turning toward Duroc he made a 
 courteous remark which made the grand marshal smile [A 
 Woman of Thirty, H\ 
 
 Bonaparte, Lucien, born in 1775, died 1840, brother of 
 Napoleon Bonaparte. In June, 1800, he went to Talleyrand's 
 house and announced to the minister of foreign affairs, in the 
 presence of Fouche, Sieyes, and Carnot, his brother's vic- 
 tory at Montebello [A Historical Mystery, ff\ In October 
 the same year he was met by his compatriot Bartholomeo di 
 Piombo, whom he introduced to the First Consul, giving his 
 purse to the Corsican and afterward contributed funds to him 
 to bring him out of his difficulties [The Vendetta, %\. 
 
 Bonfalot or Bonvalot, Madame, an old woman, the 
 relative of F. du Bruel, Paris. In 1834 La Palferine, who 
 for the first time met Mme. du Bruel on the boulevard, auda- 
 ciously followed her to the house of Mme. de Bonfalot, whither 
 she went to make a call [A Prince of Bohemia, 'FF\ 
 
 Bonfons, Cruchot de, born in 1786, a nephew of the 
 notary Cruchot and Abb6 Cruchot ; president of the court of 
 First Instance at Saumur, 1819. The three Cruchots, sup- 
 ported by a number of cousins, in conjunction with about 
 twenty families of the town, formed a party like that formerly 
 made in Florence by the Medicis, and, like the Medicis, the 
 Cruchots had their Pazzi, which were the Grassins. The prize 
 in the struggle between the Cruchots and the Grassins was 
 
comAdie HUMAINE, 51 
 
 the hand of the wealthy heiress Eugenie Grandet. In 1827, 
 after nine years of v/aiting, President Cruchot de Bonfons 
 married the young girl, who was an orphan. Before this he 
 had been instructed by her to settle in full, capital and inter- 
 est, with the creditors of Charles Grandet's father. Six 
 months after his marriage, Bonfons was appointed councilor 
 to the Royal Court at Angers ; by his signal devotion he 
 became first president. Elected deputy for Saumur in 1832, 
 he died eight days after, leaving his widow in possession of 
 an immense fortune, further augmented by the inheritances 
 of the abbe and notary Cruchots. Bonfons was the name of 
 an estate belonging to this magistrate ; he did not marry 
 Eugenie out of cupidity; he had the appearance of " a big 
 rusty nail" [Eugenie Grandet, J5J]. 
 
 Bonfons, Eugenie Cruchot de, only daughter of M. 
 and Mme. Felix Grandet, born at Saumur, 1796. Strictly 
 raised by a gentle and pious mother and by a miserly father, 
 her life had no other love than an absolutely platonic one for 
 her cousin, Charles Grandet ; but this young man, when once 
 apart from her, forgot her, and returning very wealthy from 
 the Indies, 1827, he married a young girl belonging to the 
 nobility. It was at this time that Eugenie Grandet became 
 an orphan ; after seeing the settlement made with the creditors 
 of Charles' father, she gave her hand to President Cruchot 
 de Bonfons, who had sought her for nine years. At thirty- 
 six, she remained a widow without ceasing to be a virgin ; fol- 
 lowing her often-expressed wish, she sadly retired to her 
 sombre paternal house at Saumur and devoted the remainder 
 of her life to works of benevolence and charity. After the 
 death of her father, Eugenie Grandet was often designated by 
 the Cruchots and their partisans by the name of '' Mademoi- 
 selle Froidfond," the name of one of her estates. They tried 
 to get her to marry the Marquis de Froidfond, a ruined man, 
 a widower with many children and more than fifty years old, 
 in 1832 [Eugenie Grandet, J5J]. 
 
52 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Bongrand, born in 1769, at one time a barrister at Melun, 
 then a justice of the peace at Nemours, from 181 4 to 1837. 
 A friend of Dr. Minoret's, he looked after the education of 
 Ursule Mirouet, the protege of his best friend, after the death 
 of the old physician, and helped in the restitution of her for- 
 tune, which Minoret-Levrault had impaired by the theft of 
 the doctor's will. M. Bongrand wished Ursule Mirouet to 
 marry his son, but she loved Savinien de Portenduere ; the 
 justice of the peace became president of the court at Melun 
 after the marriage of the young girl to Savinien [Ursule 
 Mirouet, JT]. 
 
 Bongrand, Eugene, son of Judge Bongrand. He studied 
 law in Paris, in the office of the barrister Derville ; became 
 public prosecutor at Melun, after the revolution of 1830, and 
 attorney-general in 1837; not being able to marry Ursule 
 Mirouet, he probably married the daughter of M. Leverault, at 
 one time mayor of Nemours [Ursule Mirouet, SL\ 
 
 Bonnac, a very handsome young man, head clerk of the 
 notary Lupin, at Soulanges, 1823. He had no other means 
 than those from his appointment ; he was platonically loved 
 by his patroness, Mme. Lupin, called Bebelle, a ridiculous, 
 fat woman of no education [The Peasantry, _B]. 
 
 Bonnebault, a former cavalry soldier, the Lovelace of the 
 village of Blangy (Bourgogne) and vicinity, 1823. Bonne- 
 bault, the lover, of Marie Tonsard, who was crazy after him, 
 had "other good lovers," and he lived at their expense; 
 their liberality was not sufficient for his dissipations, his ex- 
 penditures at the cafe, and his immoderate liking for billiards. 
 He dreamed of marrying Aglae Socquard, the only daughter 
 of Father Socquard, owner of the Cafe of the Peace, at 
 Soulanges. Bonnebault was given three thousand francs by 
 General de Montcornet, and he acknowledged to him, spon- 
 taneously, that he had been instructed to kill him for that 
 same amount. This confession caused the general to abandon 
 his struggle with the savage peasantry \ he put his property up 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 53 
 
 for sale, and it became the prey of Gaubertin, Rigou, and 
 Soudry. Bonnebault was ^'cock-eyed," and his physical 
 appearance attested to his dissipations [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Bonnebault, Mother, grandmother of the cavalryman 
 Bonnebault. She had, 1823, at Conches, Bourgogne, where 
 she resided, a cow which she fed in the pasture fields of General 
 Montcornet ; the numerous depredations of this old woman, 
 covered apparently with convictions for her crimes, decided 
 the general to seize her cow [The Peasantry, If]. 
 
 Bonnet, Abbe, cure of Montegnac, near Limoges, since 
 1 814. He there assisted in this quality at the public confes- 
 sion of Mme. Graslin, his penitent, in the summer of 1844. 
 Called to the seminary of Saint-Sulpice, in Paris, he did not 
 wish to leave the village where he had been sent and where, 
 with the assistance of Mme. Graslin, he had materially 
 ameliorated the welfare and morals which had formerly been 
 so wretched in that country. This was he who brought the 
 revolutionist Tascheron back into the bosom of the church, 
 and whom he accompanied to the foot of the scaffold with a 
 true devotion, as his very delicate sensibility suffered much 
 therefrom. Born in 1788, he had embraced an ecclesiastical 
 career by a true vocation, and all his studies had tended to 
 that end. He belonged to a family that was in more than 
 easy circumstances ; his father, the architect of his own for- 
 tune, was an obdurate and inflexible man. The Abbe Bonnet 
 had an elder brother and one sister, whom he advised his 
 mother to get married as soon as possible, so as to free the 
 young girl from the terrible paternal yoke [The Country 
 Parson, _F]. 
 
 Bonnet, eldest brother of Abbe Bonnet, voluntarily en- 
 listed as a common soldier, about the commencement of the 
 Empire; a general in 1813, he was killed at Leipsic [The 
 Country Parson, F\ 
 
 Bonnet, Germain, valet to Canalis, 1829, at the time 
 when the poet went to Havre as one of the claimants to the 
 
54 COMPENDIUM 
 
 hand of Modeste Mignon. A servant filled to the brim with 
 smartness, of irreproachable dress and manner, he was of great 
 value to his master. He courted Philoxene Jacmin, Mme. de 
 Chaulieu's maid. The pantry imitated the drawing-room, 
 the academician having the great lady for his mistress [Mo- 
 deste Mignon, JST]. 
 
 Bontems, a rural owner in the neighborhood of Bayeux, 
 where he became very rich under the Revolution, by buying 
 at his own price the national lands. This was a dark-red 
 bonnet ; he was president of his district. The father of An- 
 g61ique Bontems, who married, under the Empire, Granville. 
 Bontems was dead at the time of this marriage [A Second 
 Home, z\. 
 
 Bontems, Madame, wife of the foregoing, of great out- 
 ward piety and considerable vanity; mother of Angelique 
 Bontems, whom she had raised in her opinions and whose 
 marriage with a Granville was thus so unhappy [A Second 
 Home, z\ 
 
 Bontems, Angelique. See Granville, Madame de. 
 
 Borain, Mademoiselle, the most skillful dressmaker in 
 Provins, in the time of Charles X., was commissioned by the 
 Rogrons to make a complete trousseau for Pierrette Lorrain, 
 when that young girl was sent from Bretagne [Pierrette, l]. 
 
 Bordevin, Madame, a butcher on the Rue Chariot, Paris, 
 at the time when Sylvain Pons lived on the Rue de Normandie, 
 near there. Mme. Bordevin was a relative of Mme. Sabatier 
 [Cousin Pons, q6\. 
 
 Bordin, procureur at the Chdtelet before the Revolution ; 
 then a barrister in the court of First Instance of the Seine, 
 under the Empire. In 1798 he taught and advised M. Alain, 
 a creditor of Mongenod's ; both had been clerks in his office. 
 In t8o6 the Marquis de Chargeboeuf went to Paris to find 
 Maitre Bordin, who defended the Simeuses before the Crimi- 
 nal Court at Troyes, in the affair of the sequestration and 
 abduction of Senator Malin. In 1809 he also defended Hen- 
 
comAdie HVMAINE. 55 
 
 riette Bryond of Tours-Mineres, nee La Chanterie, in the 
 matter called the Chauffeurs of Montague [A Historical Mys- 
 tery, j(f— The Seamy Side of History, T]. In 1816 Bordin 
 was consulted by Madame d'Espard on the subject of her 
 •husband [The Commission in Lunacy, c\. Under the Res- 
 toration, a banker of Alen^on counted out, every three 
 months, to the Chevalier de Valois, one hundred and fifty 
 livres sent from Paris by Bordin [The Old Maid, a(i\. 
 Bordin was for ten years the barrister of the nobility; he 
 had as a successor Derville [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 A M. Bordin, JeroQie-Sebastien, also a procureur at the 
 Chatelet, in 1806, a barrister in the court of the Seine, suc- 
 ceeded Maitre Guerbet and sold his practice to Sauvagnest, 
 who disposed of it to Desroches [A Start in Life, s\ 
 
 Born, CoMTE de, brother of the Vicomtesse de Grand- 
 lieu. He is found at the home of his sister, in the winter of 
 1829-30, taking part in a conversation in which the advocate 
 Derville tells of the unhappy marital relations of M. de Res- 
 taud ; also the history of his will and his death. The Comte 
 de Born took the word and explained the character of Maxima 
 de Trailles, the lover of Madame de Restaud [Gobseck, g\ 
 
 Borniche, son-in-law of M. Hochon, the old miser at 
 Issoudon. He died of chagrin at having bad luck in his 
 business and at not receiving any assistance from his father 
 and mother ; his wife preceded, tliough he soon followed her 
 to the tomb ; he left a son and one daughter, Baruch and 
 Adolphine, who were raised, by their grandfather on the ma- 
 ternal side, with Francois Hochon, another grandchild of the 
 goodman. Borniche had become a Calvinist [A Bachelor's 
 Establishment, «/]. 
 
 Borniche, M. and Madame, father and mother of the 
 preceding. They were still living in 1823, although their 
 son and daughter-in-law had been dead for a long time ; in 
 the month of April in that year, old Madame Borniche and her 
 friend Madame Hochon, who were persons of authority in 
 
56 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Issoudon, assisted at the marriage of la Rabouilleuse to Jean- 
 Jacques Rouget [A Bachelor's Establishment, «/]. 
 
 Borniche, Baruch, grandson of the foregoing and of M. 
 and Mme. Hochon. Born in 1800, he early became an 
 orphan, but was raised along with his sister by his maternal 
 grandfather. He was one of those misled by Maxence Gilet 
 and was a participant in all the nocturnal expeditions of the 
 *' Knights of Idlesse." When his grandfather learned of his 
 misconduct, 1822, he hurriedly sent him from Issoudun to 
 learn banking in Paris under Mongenod [A Bachelor's Estab- 
 lishment, «7]. 
 
 Borniche, Adolphine, sister of Baruch Borniche; born 
 in 1804. Brought up mostly in seclusion in the cold and 
 monotonous household of her grandfather Hochon, she was 
 always looking out the windows, in the hope of penetrating 
 something of the enormities which, according to repute, went 
 on in the house of Jean-Jacques Rouget, a neighbor of her 
 grandfather's. She awaited with impatience the arrival of 
 Joseph Bridau at Issoudun, trusting to inspire him with some 
 sentiment, and took the greatest interest in life in the painter, 
 both for his ugly appearance and in his quality as an artist 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, J"]. 
 
 Borniche-Herau, or Hereau, the name of one of the 
 best families in Issoudun under the Restoration ; Carpentier, 
 a cavalry officer who retired to this town, was married to a 
 Borniche-Herau [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Borromeo, Comte, owner of two islands in the Great 
 Lake, at the commencement of the nineteenth century. A 
 character in '* Ambitious Through Love," a novel written 
 by Albert Savarus for his journal, the *^ Revue de I'Est," in 
 1834 [Albert Savaron, /]. 
 
 Boucard, head clerk to Derville the attorney, 18 18, at the 
 time when Colonel Chabert sought to recover his rights in 
 connection with his wife, who was remarried to Comte 
 Ferraud [Colonel Chabert, i]. 
 
comAdie hum a in E. 57 
 
 Bouchardon, a sculptor to the royal family, the tutor and 
 protector of Sarrasine [Sarrasine, ds, II.]. 
 
 Boucher, a merchant of Besan9on, 1834, was Albert 
 Savarus' first client in that town and was the financial director 
 of the "Revue de I'Est," founded by that barrister. M. 
 Boucher was allied to the greatest publisher of the leading 
 ecclesiastical works [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Boucher, Alfred, the eldest son of the preceding, a young 
 man hungry for literary fame, placed by Albert Savarus on the 
 editorial staff of his "Revue de I'Est," who furnished him 
 with ideas and gave him the subjects for his articles. Alfred 
 Boucher had great admiration for his editor-in-chief, who had 
 gained his esteem. The first number of the " Review" con- 
 tained a " meditation " by Alfred. This Alfred Boucher be- 
 lieved that he was exploiting Savarus, whereas the contrary was 
 the case [Albert Savaron, f\ 
 
 Boudet, a celebrated pharmacist of Paris, who embalmed 
 the body of M. de I'Estorade, who died 1841. 
 
 Bouffe, Marie, alias Vignol, an actor, born in Paris, 
 September 4, 1800; he played, about 1822, in the Panorama- 
 Dramatique theatre, on the Boulevard du Temple, Paris, the 
 part of the alcade in a piece by Raoul Nathan and du Bruel, 
 entitled "I'Alcade dans I'embarras " or "The Alcade in a 
 Fix," an imbroglio in three acts; on the evening of its first 
 presentation, he announced the authors under the names of 
 Raoul and de Cursy. This artist, then quite young, on his 
 first appearance in this r61e, in which he made a great success, 
 revealed his talent as a portrayer of an infirm old man. Lu- 
 cien de Rubempre'sskit is the authority for this. It is known 
 that the Panorama-Dramatiqueofi"ered the peculiarity of a cer- 
 tain class. This theatre faced the Rue Chariot. It was the 
 house in which Fieschi shot at Louis-Philippe; afterward it 
 was under the proprietorship of Mourier, of the Folies-Dra- 
 matiques* [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, JUT]. 
 * These details were furnished by Madame BoufF(§. 
 
58 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Bougival, La. See Cabirolle, Madame. 
 
 Bougniol, Mesdemoiselles, owners at Guerande, Loire- 
 Inferieure, under the reign of Louis-Philippe, of an inn where 
 the artist friends of Felicite des Touches (Camille Maupin) 
 lodged, when they came from Paris to see her [Beatrix, J*]. 
 
 Bourbonne, De, a wealthy property owner of Tours, in 
 the time of Louis XVIIL and Charles X. The uncle of 
 Octave de Camps; he went to Paris in 1824 to learn the 
 cause of his nephew's ruin, which was generally thought to 
 have been caused by Mme. Firmiani. M. de Bourbonne, an 
 old musketeer, was of high connections ; he had relatives in 
 the faubourg Saint-Germain — the Listomeres, the Lenon- 
 courts, and the Vandenesses. He was presented to Mme. 
 Firmiani under the name of M. de Rouxellay, the title of his 
 estate. Bourbonne's intelligent advice was not to drag Fran- 
 cois Birotteau out of the claws of Troubert, for the uncle of 
 M. de Camps guessed the dark scheme of the future bishop 
 of Troyes. Bourbonne saw further than the Listomeres of 
 Tours [Madame Firmiani, Ji — The Celibates, 1\ 
 
 Bourdet, Benjamin, an old soldier of the Empire, at 
 another time under the orders of Philippe Bridau. He re- 
 tired to the vicinity of Vatan and with Fario, holding himself 
 at the absolute disposition of the Spaniard, 1822, together 
 with an officer whom he had formerly been of use to, who 
 secretly served in the projects against Maxence Gilet [A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Bourgeat, a male child found at Saint-Flour. A water- 
 carrier in Paris toward the end of the eighteenth century, a 
 friend of the young and the benefactor of the famous surgeon 
 Desplein. He lived in a poor house on the Rue Quatre- 
 Vents, doubly celebrated for being the place of sojourn of 
 Desplein and that of Daniel d'Arthez. A fervent Catholic 
 of strong faith. His eyes were closed by the future savant, 
 who sat by his bedside [The Atheist's Mass, c]. 
 
 Bourget, uncle of the Chaussard brothers ; an old man 
 
CO ME DIE HUMAINE. 59 
 
 implicated in the matter of the Chauffeurs of Mortagne in 
 1809. He died during the preliminary inquiry, having con- 
 fessed. His wife, also prosecuted, was brought before the 
 court, condemned, and sentenced to twenty-two years' im- 
 prisonment [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Bourgneufs, The, a family ruined by the Messrs. Camps, 
 who lived retired and poor in Laye at Saint-Germain, in the 
 opening years of the nineteenth century. The family com- 
 prised the old father, who managed a lottery office ; the 
 mother, nearly always ill ; and two charming daughters, who 
 conducted the household and assisted in the writing. The 
 Bourgneufs got a mitigation of their poverty from Octave de 
 Camps, who, at Mme. Firmiani's prompting, made restitution 
 of their fortune despoiled by his father [Madame Firmiani, }i\. 
 
 Bourguier, Du. See Bousquier, Du. 
 
 Bourignard, Gratien-Henri-Victor-Jean-Joseph, father 
 of Mme. Jules Desmarets ; one of the *' Thirteen " and the 
 former head of the order of '* Devorants " under the name of 
 Ferragus XXIH. He had been a workingman, but became 
 a speculative builder ; his daughter was a society woman. 
 Condemned, about 1807, to twenty years at hard labor, he 
 managed to escape during the transportation of the chain- 
 gang from Paris to Toulon and returned to Paris. He lived 
 there in 1820, under divers names and disguises, residing by 
 turns on the Vieux-Augustins,* at the corner of the Rue 
 Soly,f then on the Rue Joquelet, No. 7 ; and lastly at Mme. 
 E. Gruget's house. No. 12 Rue des Enfants-Rouges,J having 
 changed to this place to escape the investigations of Auguste 
 de Maulincour. Stricken by the death of his daughter, whom 
 he adored, and with whom he had kept a secret correspond- 
 
 * Now the Rue d' Argout. 
 
 f This narrow street disappeared in the rebuilding of the H6tel des 
 Postes. 
 
 X This is now a portion of the Rue des Archives running from the Rue 
 Pastourelle to the Rue Portfoin, 
 
60 COMPENDIUM 
 
 ence to prevent her origin being known and thus compromis- 
 ing that young woman ; he ended on the Place de TObserva- 
 toire, looking on as an idiot would at the playing of bowls 
 on the vacant lots between the Luxembourg and the Boulevard 
 du Montparnasse, of which game this was then the headquar- 
 ters. One of the names of Bourignard was Comte de Funcal. 
 In 1815 Bourignard, as Ferragus, served Henri de Marsay, one 
 of the *' Thirteen," in an enterprise at the San-Real mansion, 
 where lived Paquita Valdes [The Thirteen — Ferragus, hb — 
 The Girl with Golden Eyes, ds^ II.]. 
 
 Bourlac, Bernard- J ean-Baptiste-Macloud, Baron de; 
 born in 1771 ; a former public prosecutor of the Court Royal 
 of Rouen, grand officer of the Legion of Honor. He married 
 for love the daughter of Tarlowski (the Pole, a colonel in the 
 Imperial French Guard), Vanda, who became the Baronne 
 de Mergi. Old and in retirement, he went to Paris, in 1829, 
 to care for Vanda, who was afflicted with a strange and ter- 
 rible complaint. After being established for some years with 
 his daughter and grandson in the quarter du Roule, he lived, 
 in 1838, and had for a number of years, in straitened circum- 
 stances in a wretched house on the Boulevard du Montpar- 
 nasse, where Godefroid, a new *' initiate" of the Brothers of 
 Consolation, extended succor to him on behalf of Mme. de 
 la Chanterie and her associates. It was afterward learned 
 that Baron de Bourlac was the terrible judge who had con- 
 demned that noble woman and her daughter, at the trial of 
 the Chauffeurs of Mortagne, in 1809. The assistance was 
 nevertheless continued. Vanda, thanks to the care of a for- 
 eign doctor, was cured — this man, Halpersohn, was engaged 
 by Godefroid. M. de Bourlac was the author of a great work 
 on "The Spirit of Modern Law": he obtained through this 
 the chair of Comparative Legislation at the Sorbonne ; he was 
 finally pardoned by Madame de la Chanterie, at whose feet 
 he had flung himself [The Seamy Side of History, T]. In 
 181 7 Baron de Bourlac, then attorney-general, to which he 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 61 
 
 was raised again by Soudry junior, the keeper of the seals, 
 helped by his favor to have Sibilet made the bailiff of General 
 de Montcornet's estates at Aigues [The Peasantry, 22], 
 
 Bournier, a natural son of Gaubertin and Madame Soc- 
 quard, the wife of the proprietor of the cafe at Soulanges. 
 Mme. Gaubertin was ignorant of his existence. He went to 
 Paris and learned the trade of printer in Leclercq's office; 
 when a thorough workman, he was called by Gaubertin to 
 Ville-aux-Fayes, where he founded a printing establishment 
 and a newspaper, " le Courrier de TAvonne," devoted exclu- 
 sively to the interests of the triumvirate Rigou, Gaubertin, 
 and Soudry [The Peasantry, J?]. 
 
 Bousquier, Du, or Croisier, du, or Bourguier, du, 
 born about 1760, of an old family of Alen^on. He had been 
 a provender contractor to the armies of 1793 and 1799, ^^^ 
 done business with Guvrard, and was also in league with 
 Barras, Bernadotte, and Fouche. These at that time were 
 the great personages of the exchequer. Dismissed by Bona- 
 parte in 1800, he retired to his native town,* not having more 
 than twelve hundred francs of income, after having sold for 
 the benefit of his creditors the hotel de Beauseant, of which 
 he was the owner. About 1816 he married Mademoiselle 
 Carmon, an old maid who had also been courted by Chevalier 
 de Valois and Athanase Granson. Becoming again wealthy 
 by this marriage, he was placed at the head of the Opposition ; 
 he founded a Liberal newspaper, " Le Courrier de TOrme," 
 and was nominated, after the Revolution of 1830, as receiver- 
 general. He w£(ged an anarchical war against the white flag 
 of Royalism, and, out of hatred to them, secretly connived at 
 the excesses of Victurnien d'Esgrignon ; at the moment when 
 the young man had committed a crime against him, he had 
 
 * On the Rue du Cygne, which still exists under the same name. This 
 precise information, with other remarks concerning Alen^on, is furnished 
 by one of our friends, M. Charles N6, who for four years played in " Les 
 Carbonari " in the Theatre des Nations at that place. 
 
62 COMPENDIUM 
 
 him arrested, thinking that he was thus entirely done for. 
 The affair was settled by means of powerful influences ; but 
 the young man provoked him to a duel in which he was 
 grievously wounded, and afterward married his niece, Made- 
 .■noiselle Duval, who had a dot of three million francs [The 
 Old Maid, aa — The Collection of Antiquities, a(l\. He was 
 probably the father of Flavie Minoret, the daughter of a fa- 
 mous dancer at the opera; but he did not recognize the child, 
 who was dowered by Princesse Galathionne and married Col- 
 leville [The Middle Classes, ee\m 
 
 Bousquier, Madame du, Rose- Marie- Victoire Cormon, 
 born in 1773. A very wealthy heiress; she lived with her 
 maternal uncle. Abbe de Sponde, in a old house at Alengon,* 
 in 1 816, where she received the aristocracy of the town, to 
 which she belonged by marriage. Sought at once by Atha- 
 nase Granson, Chevalier de Valois, and M. du Bosquier, she 
 gave her hand to the old commissary contractor, who had an 
 athletic appearance and vaguely passed as an impressionable 
 libertine, but whom she found wanting in being able to ful- 
 fill her secret hope ; the thought that she would never be able 
 to bear a child almost killed this woman. Madame du Bous- 
 quier was very religious. She was a descendant of the stewards 
 of the ancient Dukes of Alengon. In the same year of her 
 marriage she thought she would be able to wed with a Trois- 
 ville, but he was already married. She looked with pain on 
 the state of hostility declared by M. du Bousquier against the 
 Esgrignons [Jealousies of a Country Town, A.A\. 
 
 Boutin, formerly a quartermaster in the cavalry regiment 
 of which Chabert was the colonel. He lived at Stuttgard in 
 1814, where he showed a white bear that was well trained by 
 him. In that town he met his old colonel, deprived of all 
 possessions, going to the insane asylum ; he was relieved by 
 him and charged to go to Paris to acquaint Mme. Chabert 
 
 * The Rue du Val-Noble, really at Avesg6. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 63 
 
 that her husband still lived. Boutin, who was killed at Water- 
 loo, no doubt accomplished his mission [Colonel Chabert, i]. 
 
 Bouvard, Doctor, a physician in Paris, born about 1758. 
 A friend of Dr. Minoret, with whom he had lively discussions 
 on Mesraer's doctrine, whose system he had adopted, and of 
 which he afterward proved the truth to Minoret. These argu- 
 ments finished by causing the friends to avoid each other for 
 a long time. Finally, in 1829, Bouvard wrote Minoret asking 
 him to come to Paris and take part in a conclusive test in 
 animal magnetism. As a result of this experience, Doctor 
 Minoret, who was an atheist and materialist, became a spiritu- 
 alist* and a Catholic. In 1829, Doctor Bouvard lived on the 
 Rue Ferou [Ursule Mirouet, J2"]. He had been of use to 
 the father of Dr. Lebrun, physician at the Conciergerie in 
 1830, which place soon after became his own ; he often applied 
 the ideas of his master to the nervous forces [Vautrin's Last 
 Avatar, ^. 
 
 Bouyonnet, an attorney at Mantes, under Louis-Philippe ; 
 urged by his companions and stimulated by the keeper of the 
 seals, he stigmatized Fraisier, also an attorney in that town, 
 who had been '* retained" by the two parties in one suit. 
 This denunciation compelled Fraisier to sell his practice and 
 leave Mantes [Cousin Pons, Q&\. 
 
 Brambourg, Comte de, Philippe Bridau's title, to which 
 his brother Joseph succeeded [A Bachelor's Establishment, eT" 
 — The Unconscious Mummers, le]. 
 
 Brandon, Lady Marie- Augusta, the mother of Louis 
 and Mane Gaston, children born in adultery. Together with 
 Vicomtesse de Beauseant, she assisted, accompanied by Colonel 
 Franchessini, most likely her lover, at the famous ball on the 
 morning following which the late mistress of Ajuda-Pinto 
 suddenly left Paris [Father Goriot, 6r]. In 1820 she retired 
 to la Grenadiere, near Tours, with her two children ; she saw 
 Felix de Vandenesse at the time of the death of Mme. de Mort- 
 * Balzac explains this word as meaning opposed to materialism. 
 
64 COMPENDIUM 
 
 saul, and charged him with a message to take to Lady Arabelle 
 Dudley [The Lily of the Valley, X]. She died at thirty-six, 
 under the Restoration, in the house of la Grenadiere, and 
 was buried in Saint-Cyr cemetery. Her husband, Lord 
 Brandon, who had deserted her, at that time lived in London, 
 at Brandon Square, Hyde Park. He did not know that Lady 
 Brandon was in Touraine, or that the name she probably went 
 under was Madame Willemsens [La Grenadiere, j\ 
 
 Braschon, an upholsterer or cabinet-maker in the faubourg 
 Saint-Antoine, celebrated under the Restoration. He did 
 some first-class work for C6sar Birotteau and figured amongst 
 the creditors at his failure [Cesar Birotteau, O — The Harlot's 
 Progress, Y\ 
 
 Braulard, born in 1782. Head of the claque at the Pano- 
 rama-Dramatique theatre, about 1822, then at the Gymnase; 
 being at the time Mile. Millot's lover ; at that epoch he lived 
 on the Rue Faubourg du Temple, in a pleasant flat, where he 
 gave dinners to actresses, directors, journalists, and authors ; 
 among such being : Ad^le Dupuis, Finot, Ducange, and 
 Frederic du Petit-Mere. He was supposed to make an annual 
 income of twenty thousand francs in discounting authors' 
 acceptances [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, 31~\. 
 About 1843, while still chief claquer, he had in his company 
 Chardin, known as Idamore [Cousin Betty, %if\. and com- 
 manded his ** Romans" at the Boulevard theatre — where 
 opera and ballets were produced at popular prices — and of 
 which Felix Gaudissart was manager [Cousin Pons, a»]. 
 
 Brazier, Family, The, composed of: 
 
 A peasant of Vatan, Indre, paternal uncle and guardian of 
 Mile. Flore Brazier, called la Rabouilleuse ; in 1799 he 
 placed her in Dr. Rouget's house on conditions very favor- 
 able to him. Brazier. Made comparatively wealthy by the 
 physician, he died two years after the final settlement, 1805, 
 from a fall as he emerged from a tavern, where he had spent 
 his time since getting his fortune. 
 
COMJ^DIE HUMAINE. 65 
 
 His wife, a cruel aunt to Flore. 
 
 Lastly, the brother and brother-in-law of the guardians of 
 that girl, the real father of Flore, who died, old and silly, 
 at the Bourges almshouse in 1779 [A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, J"]. 
 
 Brazier, Flore. See Bridau, Madame Philippe. 
 
 Breautey, Comtesse de, an old woman who, at Provins, 
 1827-28, in the high town held the only aristocratic salon in 
 the locality [Pierrette, i\ 
 
 Brebian, Alexandre de, a member of the aristocracy of 
 Angouleme in 1821. He was a frequenter of the Bargetons' 
 salon. An artist, like his friend Bartas, he had the same as 
 he — the mania of drawing in and spoiling every album in the 
 department with his ridiculous productions. He was generally 
 supposed to be Mme. de Brebian's, his wife, lover [Lost Illu- 
 sions, ^]. 
 
 Brebian, Charlotte de, wife of the foregoing. She was 
 currently called Lolotte [Lost Illusions, _^]. 
 
 Breintmayer, a banking firm in Strasbourg, commissioned, 
 about 1803, by Michu to remit funds to the de Simeuses, 
 young officers in Conde's army [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Brezacs, The, Auvergnats, breeders of trouble and the 
 demolishers of castles in the time of the Revolution, the Em- 
 pire, and the Restoration. They had identical interests with 
 Pierre Graslin, Jean-Baptiste Sauviat, and Martin Falleix 
 [The Country Parson, F — Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Bricheteau, Jacques, musician ; organist at St. Louis 
 Church, Paris, under Louis-Philippe, at the same time being 
 an employe in the health department. Nephew of Sister 
 Marie-des-Agnes, superior of the Ursulines at Arcis-sur-Aube ; 
 he was probably a native of that town. During the childhood 
 of Dorlange he was his secret protector and had charge of his 
 education and life ; he had known the mother of the sculptor 
 and had a platonic love for her. By his entreaties the Mar- 
 quis de Sallehauve legally recognized Dorlange. Bricheteau 
 5 
 
66 COMPENDIUM 
 
 lived in turns on the Quai de Bethune and No. 5 Rue Castex 
 [The Deputy for Arcis, 2>J>]. 
 
 Bridau, father of Philippe and Joseph Bridau, one of Ro- 
 land's secretaries when minister of the Interior in 1792, and 
 the right arm of all those who succeeded him in the portfolio. 
 He was fanatically attached to Napoleon, who fully appreciated 
 his services ; he was appointed chief of a division by him in 
 1804, and died, 1808, at the time he had been promoted 
 director-general and councilor of State, with the title of count. 
 He knew Agathe Rouget, who became his wife, when she 
 lived at the home of Descoings the grocer, and whom he tried 
 to save from the scaffold [A Bachelor's Establishment, eJ]. 
 
 Bridau, Agathe Rouget, Lady, wife of the preceding; 
 born 1773; ^hs l^g^l daughter of Dr. Rouget of Issoudun, but 
 perhaps the natural daughter of substitute Lousteau ; the 
 doctor, who did not love her, sent her at an early age to 
 Paris, where she was brought up by her uncle Descoings, the 
 grocer. She died at the close of the year 1828. Of her two 
 sons, Philippe and Joseph, Mme. Bridau always preferred the 
 eldest, who caused her all her griefs [A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, e/], 
 
 Bridau, Philippe, eldest son of Bridau and Agathe Rouget; 
 born in 1796. Entered Saint-Cyr school in 1813, leaving there 
 six months later as sub-lieutenant of cavalry. He was ap- 
 pointed lieutenant following an affair in the vanguard during 
 the campaign in France, then captain after the battle of La 
 Fere-Champenoise, where Napoleon pressed him as an officer 
 of artillery; he was decorated at Montereau. A witness of 
 the farewells at Fontainebleau, he returned to his mother's 
 home in July, 1814, his age at the most being but nineteen, 
 and unwilling to serve under the Bourbons. In March, 
 1815, Philippe Bridau rejoined the Emperor at Lyons and 
 accompanied him to the Tuileries ; he was promoted to be 
 chief of a squad of dragoons of the Guard and made an officer 
 of the Legion of Honor ^t Waterloo. Reduced to half-pay 
 
COMiDIE HUMAINE. 6T 
 
 under the Restoration, he yet preserved the grade and cross 
 of an officer. He joined General Lallemand in Texas and 
 returned from America in October, 1819, deeply perverted in 
 morals. In 1820-21 he was the manager of a newspaper in 
 Paris ; he spent all his time in debauchery, and, as the lover 
 of Mariette Godeschal, attended all the parties at TuUia's, 
 Florentine's, Florine's, Coralie's, Matifat's, and Camusot's. 
 Not content with being continually supplied with money by 
 his brother Joseph, he stole the cash confided to him and 
 despoiled Mme. Descoings of her last savings, which caused 
 her death from grief and vexation. He was compromised in 
 a military conspiracy and sent to Issoudun, in 1822, under 
 police surveillance. There he threw trouble into the " bache- 
 lor's establishment " of his uncle Jean-Jacques Rouget j killed 
 in a duel Maxence Gilet, the lover of Flore Brazier, who was 
 afterward married to his uncle, and who married Philippe 
 after she became a widow, in 1824. On the accession of 
 Charles X. he reentered the army as lieutenant-colonel in the 
 Due de Maufrigneuse's regiment, passing in 1827, in this 
 grade, to a regiment of cavalry in the Royal Guard, and was 
 made Comte de Brambourg, the name of an estate which he 
 had bought ; he was further promoted a commander in the 
 Legion of Honor and also to the order of St. Louis. After 
 bringing about the death of his wife, Flore Brazier, he sought 
 to wed Amelie de Soulanges, belonging to a great family ; but 
 his scheme was stopped short by Bixiou. The Revolution of 
 1830 lost to Philippe Bridau a portion of the fortune which 
 came from his uncle by his marriage. He again entered the 
 service under the government of July, was appointed colonel, 
 and was killed, in 1839, in an engagement with Arabs in 
 Africa [A Bachelor's Establishment, e7— The Harlot's Pro- 
 gress, T^. 
 
 Bridau, Joseph, painter, youngest brother of Philippe 
 Bridau, born in 1799. A pupil of Gros, he exhibited for the 
 first time at the salon of 1823. Powerfully supported by the 
 
68 COMPENDIUM 
 
 members of the Cenacle of the Rue des Quatre-Vents, to 
 which he belonged ; by his master, by Gerard, and by Made- 
 moiselle des Touches, he was an incessant worker and an 
 artist of genius; he was decorated in 1827, and about 1839, 
 by the favor of the Comte de Serizy, at whose home he had 
 at one time worked, he married the only daughter of an old 
 farmer who had become more than a millionaire. At the 
 death of his brother Philippe, he inherited his mansion on the 
 Rue de Berlin, the estate of Brambourg, and the title of count 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, J^ — A Distinguished Provincial 
 at Paris, iff— A Start in Life, s\. Joseph Bridau made the 
 vignettes for Canalis' works [Modeste Mignon, JK^]. He 
 was intimate with Hippolyte Schinner, whom he had known 
 in Gros' atelier [The Purse, p\. Soon after 1830 he was at 
 the home of Mile, des Touches at an assembly when Henri de 
 Marsay told the story of his first love, and took part in the 
 conversation [Another Study of Woman, T\. In 1832 he 
 entered in a rush into the study of Pierre Grassou and bor- 
 rowed from him five hundred francs, *' The duns are at my 
 heels, as they say in literature" ; then he let Grassou know that 
 he was a poor painter. At this time Joseph Bridau was painting 
 the dining-room of d'Arthez's castle [Pierre Grassou, !•]. A 
 friend of Marie Gaston, he was one of the two witnesses at 
 his marriage to Louise de Chaulieu, the widow of Macumer, 
 1833 [Letters of Two Brides, v\. He also assisted at Stein- 
 bock's wedding when he was married to Hortense Hulot, and, 
 in 1838, at Stidmann's instigation, paid, with Leon de Lora, 
 four thousand francs to have him released when imprisoned 
 for debt. He painted the portrait of Josepha Mirah [Cousin 
 Betty, w\ In 1839, at the house of Mme. de Montcornet, 
 Joseph Bridau praised the talent and character of the sculptor 
 Dorlange [The Deputy for Arcis, J)X>]. 
 
 Bridau, Flore Brazier, Lady Philippe, born in 1787, 
 at Vatan, Indre, known by the name of '*La Rabouilleuse," 
 because her uncle gave her this work as her ordinary employ- 
 
comAdie HUMAINE, 69 
 
 ment in her childhood; to thrash, or *' rabouiller " — stir up 
 — the streams that he might find the crayfish. She was re- 
 marked on account of her great beauty by Doctor Rouget of 
 Issoudon, and received by him in 1799 ; Jean- Jacques Rouget, 
 the son of the doctor, had a mind for her, but he never got 
 anything except by the power of money; in 1816 she had a 
 fancy for Maxence Gilet, whom she introduced into the house 
 of her old boy, where he stayed as long as he lived. The 
 arrival of Philippe Bridau at Issoudun changed everything; 
 Gilet was killed in a duel, and Rouget married la Rabouilleuse 
 in 1823. She soon became a widow, when she married the 
 soldier, and died at Paris in 1828, deserted by her husband, 
 in the deepest poverty, the prey of numerous secret diseases, 
 produced by the disgraceful life into which Philippe Bridau 
 had thrown her by design ; she lived then on the Rue du 
 Houssay^ at the corner of the Chantereine,f on the fifth floor, 
 which she left for the house Dubois of the faubourg St. Denis 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Bridau, Madame Joseph, only daughter of Leger, an old 
 farmer, more than a millionaire, at Beaumont-sur-Oise ; she 
 married the painter about 1839 [A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, «/]. 
 
 Brigaut, Les, Major, of Pen-Hoel, Vendee; an old 
 major in the Catholic army, active against the French Re- 
 public. A man of iron, of absolutely disinterested devotion ; 
 he had served under Charette, Mercier, Baron du Guenic, 
 and the Marquis de Montauran. He died in 1819, six months 
 after Mme. Lorrain, the widow of a major in the Imperial 
 army, and whom he was said to have consoled after she lost 
 her husband. Major Brigaut had been wounded twenty-seven 
 times [Pierrette, % — The Chouans, J5]. 
 
 Brigaut, Jacques, son of Major Brigaut, born about 181 1. 
 A companion of Pierrette Lorrain in her childhood, and 
 
 * Really a part of the Rue Taitbout. 
 
 f Renamed the Rue de la Victoire in the reign of Louis-Philippe. 
 
70 COMPENDIUM 
 
 whom he innocently loved, something after the manner that 
 Paul loved Virginie, and who loved him in the same way. 
 When Pierrette was sent to the home of the Rogrons, her 
 relations at Provins, Jacques went to that town where he 
 worked as a carpenter. He was present at the last moments 
 of the young girl, and afterward enlisted as a common soldier. 
 He became general of a battalion, after many times seeking 
 death [Pierrette, -i]. 
 
 Brigitte, a servant of Chesnel's from 1795. She was still 
 in his employ, on the Rue du Bercail, Alengon, in 1824, at 
 the time of young I'Esgrignon's escapades. Brigitte catered 
 to her master's gluttony, the sole fault of the goodman [The 
 Collection of Antiquities, aa\ 
 
 Brignolet, a clerk in the attorney Bordin's office, in 1806 
 [A Start in Life, s\ 
 
 Brisetout, Helo'ise, the mistress of Celestin Crevel in 
 1838, and at the time he was appointed mayor. She suc- 
 ceeded Josepha Mirah in a little mansion on the Rue Chau- 
 chat,* after having lived on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Lorette 
 [Cousin Betty, w\. In 1844-45 she was the leading dancer 
 in a boulevard theatre ; she belonged in part to Bixiou and in 
 part to Gaudissart, her manager. She was an '' excessively 
 literary" young woman, renowned in bohemia, and was 
 fashionable and gracious ; she knew all the great artists 
 and favored her relation, Garangeot, the musician [Cousin 
 Pons, QC\. Toward the end of Louis-Philippe's reign she had as 
 *' protector " Isidore Baudoyer, then mayor of an- arrondisse- 
 ment in Paris in which the Place Royale was situated [The 
 Middle Classes, ee\- 
 
 Brisset, a celebrated doctor in Paris, under Louis-Philippe. 
 The successor of Cabanis and Bichat, a materialist ; the head 
 of the organization opposed to Cameristus, the head of the 
 ** organ ics." He was called in consultation by Raphael de 
 Valentin about a very serious malady [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\. 
 * Much changed for the past twenty-five years. 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 71 
 
 Brochon, a reformed soldier who, in 1822, looked after 
 the horses and did rough work for Moreau, steward of Presles, 
 the property of Comte de Serizy [A Start in Life, s\ 
 
 Brossard, Madame du, a widow, received by Mme. de 
 Bargeton, at Angouleme, in 1821. Was noble but poor; she 
 sought to marry her daughter, and to this end, in spite of her 
 prim dignity and sour-sweetness, made strong advances to the 
 men [Lost Illusions, N\ 
 
 Brossard, Camille du, daughter of the foregoing, born 
 in 1794, tall and fat, passed for being a great pianist; she 
 still remained unmarried at the age of seven-and-twenty [Lost 
 Illusions, 'N\ 
 
 Brossette, Abbe, born about 1790, cure of Blangy, Bour- 
 gogne, 1823, at the time when General de Montcornet was 
 struggling with his peasantry. The abbe was at once the 
 object of their distrust and hate. He was the fourth son of a 
 good bourgeois family of Autun, a faithful priest, a persistent 
 Royalist, and a man of parts [The Peasantry, J?]. In 1840 
 he had become a cure in Paris, in the faubourg Saint-Germain, 
 and was asked by Mme. de Grandlieu to assist her in breaking 
 off the relations existing between Calyste du Guenic and 
 Mme. de Rochefide, to restore him to his wife [Beatrix, J^\ 
 
 Brouet, Joseph, a Chouan ; died of wounds received in 
 the combat of the Pelerine, or at the siege of Fougeres, in 
 1799 [The Chouans, JB]. 
 
 Brouin, Jacquette, wife of Pierre Cambremer. See that 
 name. 
 
 Brousson, Doctor, who attended the banker Jean-Fred- 
 eric Taillefer, some time before the death of that financier 
 [The Red House, <^]. 
 
 Bruce, Gabriel, called "Big Jean," one of the most fero- 
 cious Chouans in Fontaine's division ; he was implicated in 
 the affair of the Chauffeurs of Mortagne ; condemned to death 
 for treason [The Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Bruel, Du, chief of a division in the ministry of the In- 
 
 / 
 
72 COMPENDIUM 
 
 terior, under the Empire. A friend of Bridau senior ; went 
 into retirement at the Restoration ; was in constant communi- 
 cation with the widow Bridau. He went every evening to 
 play cards at her house, on the Rue Mazarine, together with 
 his old comrades Claparon and Desroches. These three old 
 employes were called the ** Three Wise Men of Greece " by 
 Mesdames Bridau and Descoings. M. du Bruel was the de- 
 scendant of a contractor ennobled at the end of Louis XIV. 's 
 reign ; he died about 182 1 [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Bruel, Madame du, wife of the above, and his survivor. 
 She was the mother of the dramatic author Jean-Frangois du 
 Bruel, given the name of Cursy on the Parisian posters. A 
 good but strict bourgeois, Mme. de Bruel received and acted 
 kindly to the dancer TuUia, who became her daughter-in-law 
 [A Prince of Bohemia, FF^. 
 
 Bruel, Jean-Francois du, son of the foregoing; born 
 about 1797; by the favor of the Due de Navarreins he was, 
 1 81 6, given a place in the Bureau of Finance [A Bachelor's 
 Establishment, J\ He was sub-chief of Rabourdin's office 
 in 1824, at the time when the dispute between him and Bau- 
 doyer occurred to become head of the division [Les Em- 
 ployes, cc]. In November, 1825, Jean-Francois du Bruel 
 attended a breakfast given to Desroches' clerks at the Rocher 
 de Cancale by Frederic Marest on his entrance into their 
 office ; he was present at the orgy which followed at Floren- 
 tine's [A Start in Life, s]. M. du Bruel successively became 
 chief of the bureau, director, councilor of State, deputy, peer 
 of France, commander of the Legion of Honor, received the 
 title of count, and entered one of the classes in the Institute ; 
 all these through his wife's intrigues, Claudine Chaffaroux, 
 the former dancer Tullia, whom he married in 1829 [A Prince 
 of Bohemia, JPjP — The Middle Classes, ee\. For a long 
 time he signed his vaudevilles under the pseudonym of Cursy. 
 Nathan, the poet, had been compelled to associate himself 
 with him ; Jean-Francois du Bruel wrote spirited little pieces, 
 
I 
 
 COMEDIE HUMAINE. 73 
 
 which always took with the actors. MM. du Bruel and 
 Nathan brought out Florine as an actress; they were the 
 authors of *' I'Alcade dans Tembarras," an iftibroglio^ in three 
 acts, performed at the Panorama-Dramatique, about 1822, 
 where she made her first appearance, and where Coralie also 
 played, beside Bouife, under the name of Vignol [A Distin- 
 guished Provincial at Paris, ilff — A Daughter of Eve, V~\. 
 
 Bruel, Claudine Chaffaroux, du; born at Nanterre, 
 1799. One of the leading dancers at the opera, 1817 to 1827 ; 
 she was the Due de Rhetore's mistress for a number of years 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, e7], and, after that, of Jean- 
 Frangois du Bruel, whom she persuaded to marry her in 
 1829; she had then left the theatre. About 1834 she met 
 Charles-Edouard de la Pal ferine, falling foolishly in love with 
 him ; to appear as a great lady before him, she urged her hus- 
 band to aim at high things, and she acquired the title of 
 countess. At this time she made herself accepted in bour- 
 geois society [A Prince of Bohemia, FF — A Distinguished 
 Provincial at Paris, ilf — Letters of Two Brides, v']. In 1840, 
 at the request of Madame Colleville, her friend, she tried to 
 obtain the ribbon for Thuillier [The Middle Classes, ee]. 
 Mme. du Bruel was known on the boards and in the world of 
 gallantry by the name of Tullia. She was then living on the 
 Rue Chauchat, in a mansion in which she was succeeded by 
 Mesdames Mirah and Brisetout, when Claudine, after her 
 marriage, went to live on the Rue de la Victoire. 
 
 Brunei, a laborer at Blangy, Bourgogne, 1823. He was 
 the terror of the councilor of the canton ; he had for chums 
 Michel Vert, called Vermichel, and old Fourchon [The Peas- 
 antry, H']. 
 
 Brunner, Gedeon, the father of Frederic Brunner. At 
 
 the time of the Restoration and of Louis-Philippe, he kept the 
 
 great Hotel de Hollande at Frankfort-on-the-Main ; he was 
 
 one of the first railroad projectors ; he died about 1844, leaving 
 
 * The Aench term for a " screaming farce." 
 
 / 
 
74 COMPENDIUM 
 
 four millions. He was a Calvinist, and had been twice mar- 
 ried [Cousin Pons, 05]. 
 
 Brunner, Madame, first wife of Gedeon Brunner, the 
 mother of Frederic Brunner ; a relative of the Virlaz', wealthy- 
 Jewish furriers at Leipsic; a converted Jew. Her dowry 
 formed the nucleus of her husband's fortune. She died young, 
 leaving an only son, aged twelve [Cousin Pons, x\. 
 
 Brunner, Madame, Gedeon Brunner's second wife ; the 
 only daughter of a German tavernkeeper. She was sterile and 
 prodigiously dissipated; she made her husband's life unhappy 
 by vengeful feelings against his first wife ; she ill-treated her 
 step-son most abominably, especially when she found herself 
 unable to prevent him becoming possessed of the Jew's for- 
 tune. She died ten years after her marriage at the home of 
 her parents, whither she had been compelled to go by Gedeon 
 Brunner [Cousin Pons, QC\. 
 
 Brunner, Frederic, only son of Gedeon Brunner, born 
 in the first four years of the century. He dissipated his 
 maternal inheritance by a life of folly, then assisted Wilhelm 
 Schwab to devour the hundred thousand francs which had 
 been left him by his parents ; without resources and abandoned 
 by his father, he went to Paris in 1835, where, on the recom- 
 mendation of Graff, an innkeeper, he secured a position with 
 the Kellers at six hundred francs per annum ; but Gedeon 
 Brunner dying, he came into possession of many millions of 
 francs and founded with his friend Wilhelm a banking house, 
 ** Brunner, Schwab & Co.," on the Rue Richelieu, between the 
 Rue Neuve-des-Petits-Champs and Rue Villedo, in a splendid 
 mansion belonging to Wolfgang Graff, the tailor. Frederic 
 Brunner had been presented by Sylvain Pons to the Camusots 
 de Marville; he would have married their daughter, if she 
 had not been an only child. The rupture of this marriage 
 strained the relations existing between Pons and the family 
 de Marville, and which was followed by the death of the 
 musician [Cousin Pons, xj. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 75 
 
 Bruno, Corentin's valet at Passy,* Rue de Vignes, in 
 1830 [The Harlot's Progress, li^]. He was still in Corentin's 
 service, who was reincarnated under the name M. du Por- 
 tail. Rue Honore-Chevalier, Paris, about 1840 [The Middle 
 Classes, ee\- This name is sometimes spelt Bruneau. 
 
 Brutus, in 1799, at Alengon, on the Grande-Rue, kept 
 the Trois-Maures Hotel, where Alphonse de Montauran met 
 Mile, de Verneuil for the first time [The Chouans, ^]. 
 
 Bryond. See Tours-Minieres, Bernard-Polydor Bryond, 
 Baron des. 
 
 Bulot, probably a drummer ; Gaudissart spoke of him as 
 *'a great booby" [Gaudissart the Great, o]. 
 
 Buneaud, Madame, kept a middle-class boarding-house 
 on the Sainte-Genevieve hill ; a rival establishment to that of 
 Mme. Vauquer, in 1819 [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Butifer, a great hunter, poacher, and smuggler; one of 
 the inhabitants of the village in the vicinity of Grenoble, 
 where Doctor- Benassis established himself under the Restora- 
 tion. On rhe arrival of the physician in the country, Butifer 
 shot at him with a gun at the corner of a forest, but later 
 became entirely devoted to him. He was commissioned by 
 Genestas to undertake the physical care of the son adopted 
 by that officer. Possibly Butifer enlisted in Genestas' regi- 
 ment after the death of Doctor Benassis [The Country 
 Doctor, O]. 
 
 Butscha, Jean, Maitre Latournelle's, a notary in Havre, 
 head clerk, in 1829; born about 1804, the natural son of a 
 Swedish sailor and a Demoiselle Jacmin, of Honfleur; a 
 hunchback; a type of intelligence and devotion, all placed 
 at Modeste Mignon's disposal, whom he loved without hope. 
 He contributed by his adroit scheming to have her married to 
 Ernest de la Briere ; Butscha judged that this union would 
 render the young girl happy [Modeste Mignon, K-l- 
 
 * At the present time P .ssy forms a portion of the sixteenth arrondisse- 
 ment of Paris. / 
 
76 COMPENDIUM 
 
 CabiroUC; conductor of the carriages belonging to Min- 
 oret-Levrault, the proprietor of post-horses at Nemours. He 
 was a widower, and, doubtless, had a son. About 1837, when a 
 sexagenarian, he married Antoinette Patris, called la Bou- 
 gival, then fifty years old, but who possessed an income of 
 eleven thousand francs [Ursule Mirouct, _H"]. 
 
 CabiroUe, son of the preceding; he was Dr. Minoret's 
 coachman, at Nemours ; later coachman for Savin ien de 
 Portenduere, after the marriage of the vicomte to Ursule 
 Mirouet [Ursule Mirouet, _H"]. 
 
 Cabirolle, Madame, wife of Cabriolle senior; ;z^<f Antoi- 
 nette Patris in 1786, of a poor family in la Bresse. The 
 widow of a workingman named Pierre and called Bougival, 
 she was generally known by that name. After having been 
 Ursule Mirouet's nurse, she became Dr. Minoret's servant, 
 and, about 1837, married Cabirolle [Ursule Mirouet, J2"]. 
 
 Cabirolle, Madame, mother of Florentine, the dancer. 
 An old janitor on the Rue Pastourelle, she lived, in 1820, 
 with her daughter. Rue de Cressol, in a modest place fur- 
 nished by Cardot, an old silk dealer, used by him since 181 7. 
 According to Girondeau, she was an intelligent woman [A 
 Start in Life, s — A Bachelor's Establishment, e/]. 
 
 Cabirolle, Agathe-Florentine, called Florentine; born 
 in 1804. She was met, in 181 7, by Cardot as she was leaving 
 Coulon's class; the old silk dealer established her and her 
 mother in a suite of rooms comparatively unpretending, Rue 
 de Cressol. After figuring on the boards of the Gaite as a 
 dancer, in 1820 she made her first step onward in the melo- 
 drama " les Ruines de Babylone."* She succeeded Mariette 
 2i% premiere danseuse 2X the Porte-Saint-Martin theatre; then, 
 
 * A play by Ren6-Charles Guilbert de Pixer6court, which had its first 
 representation in Paris, 18 10. 
 
COMJ^DIE HUMAINE. 77 
 
 in 1823, she made her debut at the opera in a dancing trio 
 with Mariette and Tullia. At the time when Cardot was her 
 protector, she had as a lover old Captain Girondeau, and was 
 intimate with Philippe Bridau, to whom, when he was in 
 need, she would give money. In 1825 Florentine occupied 
 for about three years Coralie's old rooms ; it was there that 
 Oscar Husson lost the money at play that had been confided 
 to his care by his patron, Desroches the attorney, and was there 
 discovered by his uncle Cardot [A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, eJ — A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, JUT — A Start 
 in Life, s\. 
 
 Cabot, Armand-Hippolyte, a native of Toulon, who 
 founded a place in the Bourse at Paris, 1800, as a hair- 
 dressing parlor. On the advice of his customer, the poet 
 Parny, he assumed the name of Marius, which stuck to the 
 house. In 1845, Cabot, having an income of twenty-four 
 thousand francs, lived at Libourne, and a fifth Marius, named 
 Mougin, was the proprietor of the establishment created by 
 him [The Unconscious Mummers, 'u\. 
 
 Cabot, Marie-Anne, called Lajeunesse, an old huntsman 
 of the Marquis Carol d'Esgrignon; implicated in the Chauf- 
 feurs of Mortagne affair and executed in 1809 [The Seamy 
 Side of History, T\ 
 
 Cachan, an attorney at Angouleme, under the Restoration. 
 Like Petitclaud, he meddled in every sort of affair, both of 
 those he acted in and other people's. In 1830 Cachan be- 
 came mayor of Marsac ; was a friend of the Sechards [Lost 
 Illusions, JV^-The Harlot's Progress, T, Z\ 
 
 Cadenet, in 1840, a wine merchant on the first floor of a 
 lodging-house at the corner of the Rue des Postes and Rue 
 des Poules,* where Cerizet then lived. Cadenet was the 
 owner of the house, and was mixed up in the operations of 
 the '' banker of the poor,' Cerizet [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 * The Rue des Postes is xi ally the Rue Lhomond, and the Rue des 
 Poules the Rue Laromiguidre. 
 
78 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Cadignan, Prince de, a great lord of the old regime, 
 father of the Due de Maufrigneuse, father-in-law of the Due 
 de Navarreins. Ruined by the Revolution, he recovered his 
 estates and pensions on the return of the Bourbons ; but he 
 was exceedingly extravagant, and mismanaged everything and 
 ruined his wife. He died at a great age some time previous 
 to the Revolution of July [The Seerets of the Princess of 
 Cadignan, ;$;]. At the end of 1829, being then master of the 
 hounds to Charles X. , Prince de Cadignan assisted near Havre 
 in a grand hunt, where was found, on account of the society 
 being of high aristocracy, the Due d'Herouville, the organizer 
 of the fete, Canalis, and Ernest de la Briere, all three of 
 whom aspired to the hand of Modeste Mignon, and with 
 equal pretensions [Modeste Mignon, JS.\ 
 
 Cadignan, Prince and Princess de, son and daughter- 
 in-law of the foregoing. See Maufrigneuse, Due and Duch- 
 esse de. 
 
 Cadine, Jenny, an actress at the Gymnase, under Charles 
 X. and Louis-Philippe ; the most frolicsome of women, the 
 only rival of Dejazet. Born in 1814, discovered, raised, and 
 *^ protected," at the age of thirteen, by Baron Hulot ; an 
 intimate friend of Josepha Mirah [Cousin Betty, w\. Be- 
 tween 1835 and 1840, kept by Couture, she lived, on the 
 Rue Blanche, in a delightful first-floor with a garden, where 
 she was the successor of Fabien du Ronceret and Mme. 
 Schontz [Beatrix, JP]. In 1845 she was Massol's mistress 
 and lived on the Rue de la Victoire ;* at this period she 
 seemed to have ruined Palafox Gazonal in a few days; he 
 had been led to her house by Bixiou and Leon de Lora [The 
 Unconscious Mummers, i^]. About the same time she was 
 the victim of thieves, who stole her jewels, which after the 
 arrest of the robbers were returned to her by Saint-Estdve 
 (Vautrin), then chief of the detective police [The Deputy for 
 
 Arcis, Tyiy\. 
 
 * Which terminates at the Rue de la Chauss6e-d'Antins. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 79 
 
 Cadot, Mademoiselle, an old servant-mistress of Judge 
 Blondet's, Alengon, under the Restoration. She coddled her 
 master, and, like him, preferred the eldest of the two sons of 
 the magistrate [The Collection of Antiquities, acC\. 
 
 Calvi, The:odore, called Madeleine, born in 1803. A 
 Corsican condemned to the hulks for perpetrating eleven 
 murders, at eighteen years of age; a ''chum" in chains to 
 Vautrin, from 1819 to 1820 ; he made his escape with him. 
 In May, 1830, he assai^sinated the widow Pigeau, at Nanterre; 
 he was arrested and this time sentenced to death ; the in- 
 trigues of Vautrin, who had an unnatural affection {sic) for 
 him, saved his life and his penalty was commuted [Vautrin's 
 Last Avatar, z\. In 1839 Calvi was secretary to the said 
 Vautrin, who was again incarnated as a Swedish lord under 
 the name of Halphertius [The Deputy for Arcis, JEJE^. 
 
 Cambon, lumber dealer, an assistant of Mayor Benassis 
 in 1829, in a commune in the vicinity of Grenoble, and one 
 of his devoted auxiliaries in the renovating work and enter- 
 prises of that physician [The Country Doctor, C]- 
 
 Cambremer, Pierre, a fisherman at Croisic, Loire-In- 
 ferieure, who, for the honor of his compromised name, threw 
 his only son into the sea, and then, when old and a widower, 
 lived all alone on a promontory, in the time of Louis-Philippe, 
 in expiation of his crime of paternal justice [A Seaside Trag- 
 edy, e — Beatrix, JP]. 
 
 Cambremer, Joseph, youngest brother of Pierre Cam- 
 bremer, father of Pierrette, called Perotte [A Seaside Trag- 
 edy, e]. 
 
 Cambremer, Jacques, only son of Pierre Cambremer and 
 Jacquette Brouin. Spoiled by his parents, more particularly 
 by his mother, he became a rascal of the worst kind. Jacques 
 Cambremer avoided justice because his father precipitated 
 him into the sea after strangling him [A Seaside Tragedy, e]. 
 
 Cambremer, Madame, born Jacquette Brouin, wife of 
 Pierre Cambremer and mother of Jacques, She was a native 
 
80 COMPENDIUM 
 
 of Guerande; was educated; could write like *'a clerk"; 
 she taught her son to read, and this was his ruin. She was 
 mostly called the beautiful Brouin. She died some days after 
 Jacques [A Seaside Tragedy, e]. 
 
 Cambremer, Pierrette, called Perotte, the daughter of 
 Joseph Cambremer ; niece of Pierre and his goddaughter. 
 Every morning the sweet and pretty creature carried her uncle 
 the bread and water which he exclusively used for food [A 
 Seaside Tragedy, e\. 
 
 Cameristus, a celebrated Paris physician, under Louis- 
 Philippe ; the Ballanche of medicine, one of the defenders of 
 Van Helmont's abstract doctrines; head of the "vitalists," 
 opposed to Brisset, the chief of the opposition. He was, along 
 with that Brisset, called in consultation about the serious 
 malady of Raphael de Valentin [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\. 
 
 Camps, Octave de, the lover and afterward the husband 
 of Madame Firmiani. She had him make restitution of the 
 whole of the fortune to the Bourgneuf family, who had been 
 ruined in a civil trial brought by Octave's father, and who re- 
 duced it to a living lesson in mathematics. He had not seen 
 twenty-two years when he knew Mme. Firmiani ; he married 
 her at Gretna Green. The marriage in Paris took place in 
 1824 or 1825. Octave de Camps lived before his marriage 
 on the Rue de I'Observance* [Madame Firmiani, /i]. Octave 
 de Camps later reappears as an ironmaster under Louis- 
 Philippe; so at this time he rarely resides in Paris [The 
 Deputy for Arcis, X)Z>]. 
 
 Camps, Madame Octave de, nee Cadignan; niece of 
 the old Prince de Cadignan, cousin of the Due de Maufrig- 
 neuse. She married when sixteen, 1813, M. Firmiani, re- 
 ceiver-general in the department of Montenotte, who died in 
 Greece about 1822, and she became Mme. de Camps in 1824 
 or 1825 ; at that time she lived on the Rue du Bac and was 
 received at the *' at homes " of Princesse de Blaraont-Chauvry, 
 * Now the Rue Antoine-Dubois. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 81 
 
 the oracle of the faubourg Saint-Germain. She was an accom- 
 plished and excellent woman ; she was liked by her rivals: the 
 Duchesse de Maufrigneuse, her cousin ; Madame de Macumer 
 (Louise de Chaulieu), and Marquise d'Espard [Madame Firmi- 
 ani, li\. She sought out and protected Mme. Xavier Rabour- 
 din [Les Employes, cc\. At the end of 1824 she gave a ball 
 where Charles de Vandenesse first met Mme. d'Aiglemont, 
 and from which time he was her lover [A Woman of 
 Thirty, S\ In 1834 Mme. Octave de Camps tried to stop 
 the calumny about Mme. Felix de Vandenesse, who had been 
 compromised by the poet Nathan, and she wisely advised that 
 young woman [A Daughter of Eve, Y\ Again she gave very 
 good counsel to Mme. de I'Estorade, who feared to be smitten 
 by de Sallenauve [The Deputy for Arcis, _D J)]. Ex-Madame 
 Firmiani was frequently passing between Paris and M. de 
 Camps' forges, and she would have given the latter the prefer- 
 ence only that she liked to talk with Mme. de I'Estorade, one 
 of her intimate friends [The Deputy for Arcis, 2>J>]. 
 
 Camuset, one of the names borrowed by Bourignard, 
 under which he had speech with Mme. Etienne Gruget, Rue 
 des Enfants-Rouges [The Thirteen— Ferragus, hh\ 
 
 Camusot, silk merchant. Rue des Bourdonnais, Paris, 
 under the Restoration ; born in 1765, son-in-law and successor 
 to Cardot, whose eldest daughter he married, the sole 
 heiress of the celebrated Pons', embroiderers to the Court, 
 under the Empire. He retired from business in 1834 and be- 
 came a member of the manufacturers' council, a deputy, peer 
 of France, and a baron. He had four children. In 1821- 
 22 he kept Coralie, who fell in love with Lucien de Rubempre. 
 After being deserted by her for Lucien, he kindly promised 
 the poet, after the death of the actress, that he would buy a lot 
 in perpetuity in Pere-Lachaise, and have engraved on her 
 tombstone the simple words: CORALIE, aged nineteen 
 YEARS, AUGUST 2 2, 1 829 [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, ilfZ"— A Bachelor's Establishment, J— Cousin Pons, x\ 
 
82 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Soon after he took up with Fanny Beaupre, with whom 
 he lived a long time [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 He and his wife attended Cesar Birotteau's famous ball, De- 
 cember, 1818; he was appointed the commissary judge in the 
 matter of the perfumer's failure, replacing Gobenheim-Keller, 
 who had first been appointed [Cesar Birotteau, O]. He was 
 a friend of the Guillaumes, dry goods dealers, Rue St. Denis 
 [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket, t\. 
 
 Camusot de Marville, a son by Camusot's first marriage ; 
 born about 1794. Under Louis-Philippe he took the name of 
 a Norman estate and meadows — Marville — to distinguish him 
 from a brother by the second marriage ; in 1824 he was a 
 judge at Alen^on ; he assisted in declaring Victurnien 
 d'Esgrignon not guilty, who had committed a crime [Cousin 
 Pons, X — The Collection of Antiquities, aa\. In 1828, a 
 judge in Paris, it was arranged that he should replace Popinot 
 in the commission charged to pronounce on the state of mind 
 of d'Espard, an interdiction against whom had been applied for 
 by his wife [The Commission in Lunacy, c\. In May, 1830, 
 as judge of instruction, he drew up a report which discharged 
 Lucien de Rubempre, who was accused of assassinating Esther 
 Gobseck ; the suicide of the poet rendered this useless ; 
 this death overthrew all the ambitious projects of the magis- 
 trate [The Harlot's Progress, ^]. Camusot de Marville 
 had been president of the court at Mantes; in 1844 he was 
 president of the Royal Court at Paris and commander in the 
 Legion of Honor. At that time he lived in a house on the 
 Rue de Hanovre, bought by him in 1834, and where he received 
 his Cousin Pons, the musician. President de Marville was 
 elected deputy in 1846 [Cousin Pons, x\. 
 
 Camusot de Marville, Madame; born in 1798 — Marie- 
 Cecile-Amelie ; daughter of a doorkeeper of Louis XVIII. 's 
 cabinet; wife of the preceding. In 1814 she frequented the 
 atelier of the painter Servin, who had a class for young 
 women : this was divided into two clans : Mile. Thirion led 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 83 
 
 that of the nobility, although she was of plebeian origin, and 
 persecuted Ginevra di Piombo, who was a Bonapartist [The 
 Vendetta, t]. In 1818 she, with her father and mother, v/as 
 invited to the famous ball given by Cesar Birotteau ; it was a 
 question at this time whether she would marry Camusot de 
 Marville [Cesar Birotteau, O]. The wedding took place in 
 1819, and at once the impetuous young woman so domineered 
 over him that she made him ambitious against his will ; she it 
 was that brought about the release of young d'Esgrignon in 
 1824; the suicide of Lucien de Rubempre in 1830; by her 
 means the Marquise d'Espard failed in her commission in 
 lunacy. Mme. de Marville had no influence with her father- 
 in-law, old Camusot. She was the cause of the death of Syl- 
 vain Pons, by her unkind actions, of whom, with her husband, 
 she became the successor to his artistic collection [The Col- 
 lection of Antiquities, aci — The Harlot's Progress, Y — 
 Cousin Pons, a?]. 
 
 Camusot, Charles, son of the preceding ; he died at an 
 early age, at the time when his parents possessed neither land 
 nor the title de Marville, and when they were in a position 
 more suitable to such folk [Cousin Pons, 05]. 
 
 Camusot de Marville, Cecile. See Popinot, Vicom- 
 tesse. 
 
 Canalis, Constant-Cyr-Melchior, Baron de, poet — 
 head of the angelic school — deputy, minister, peer of France, 
 member of the Academy, commander of the Legion of Honor; 
 born at Canalis, Correze, in 1800. About 182 1 he was Mme. 
 de Chaulieu's lover, whom he constantly used to his advance- 
 ment, and who always assisted him. Shortly after this time 
 he is found at the opera in Mme. d'Espard's box, who intro- 
 duces him to Lucien de Rubempre. From 1824 he was the 
 fashionable poet [Letters of Two Brides, v — A Distinguished 
 Provincial at Paris, 31\ In 1829 he lived at 29 Rue 
 Paradis-Poissoniere,* and was master of requests and coun- 
 * To-day, plain Rue Paradis. 
 
84 COMPENDIUM 
 
 cilor of State ; this was the time when he was visiting Modeste 
 Mignon and when he hoped to marry that opulent heiress 
 [Modeste Mignon, JT]. Soon after 1830, already a great 
 man, he attended a soiree at Mile, des Touches' home when 
 de Marsay told the story of his first love; Canalis took part 
 in the conversation and delivered a tirade on Napoleon in a 
 most emphatic manner [The Wild Ass' Skin, A. — Another 
 Study of Woman, l\ In 1838 he married Moreau's (de 
 rOise) daughter, who had a very large portion [A Start in 
 Life, 8\. With Mme. de Rochefide, in 1840, he was at the 
 Varietes when Calyste du Guenic again met that dangerous 
 woman after three years [Beatrix, _P]. In 1845 Leon de 
 Lora introduced to him Palafox Gazonal in the Chamber of 
 Deputies [The Unconscious Mummers, Vb\. Canalis was 
 always favorable to Sallenauve, and, in 1839, helped both by 
 his voice and vote to make valid the contested election of his 
 friend as deputy for Arcis [The Deputy for Arcis, X>JD 
 and ^I^]. 
 
 Canalis, Baronne Melchior de, wife of the above and 
 daughter of M. and Mme. Moreau (de I'Oise). About the 
 middle of Louis-Philippe's reign, while still "recently enough 
 married," she made a journey to Seine-et-Oise. Mme. de 
 Canalis, with her daughter and the academician, occupied 
 the coupe of Pierrotin's diligence [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Cane, Marco-Facino, called Father Canet, a blind old 
 man, a pensioner in the Hospice des Quinze-Vingts, under 
 the Restoration, a musician by profession. He played the 
 clarionet at a workmen's ball, Rue de Charenton, on the oc- 
 casion of the marriage of Mme. Vaillant's sister. He said 
 that he was a Venetian, Prince of Varese, and a descendant 
 of the celebrated condottiere Facino Cane, who in the past 
 had conquered the Due de Milan ; he told curious stories of 
 the youthful days of that patrician. He died, more than an 
 octogenarian, in 1820. He was the last of the Canes of the 
 eldest branch, and transmitted to Emilio Merami, a relation 
 
comAdie HVMAINE, ' 85 
 
 of his, the title of Prince de Varese [Facino Cane, Jc — Mas- 
 similla Doni, ff'], 
 
 Canet, Father. The nickname of the preceding. 
 
 Canquoelle, Father, a name borrowed by the police-spy, 
 Peyrade, under the Restoration [The Harlot's Progress, Y]. 
 
 Cante-Croix, Marquis de, sub-lieutenant in one of the 
 regiments which passed through Angouleme on their way to 
 Spain, from November, 1807, to March, 1808. A colonel at 
 Wagram, July 6, 1809, not being older than twenty-six, a 
 cannon-ball crushed on his heart the portrait of Mme. de 
 Bargeton, which she had given him [Lost Illusions, JV]. 
 
 Cantinet, an old glass merchant, beadle at St. Francois* 
 Church, Marais, Paris, 1845 J ^^ lived on the Rued' Orleans;* 
 idle and a drunkard [Cousin Pons, x]. 
 
 Cantinet, Madame, wife of the foregoing ; she rented the 
 chairs in St. Francois* Church. Enthroned in extremis as 
 sick-nurse to Sylvain Pons by Fraisier and Poulain, who did 
 this to facilitate their interests and power over him [Cousin 
 Pons, X\ 
 
 Cantinet junior. He had been appointed sexton at St. 
 Francois* Church, where his father and mother were also 
 employed ; but he preferred a theatrical career ; he figured 
 at the Cirque-01ympique,t in 1845. He caused his mother 
 sorrow by his dissolute life, and borrowed freely from the 
 maternal purse [Cousin Pons, Qc\. 
 
 Capraja, a noble Venetian, a past-master among dilettantiy 
 who lived only by and for music ; he was nicknamed ^^ il Fa- 
 natico''; friendly with the Due and Duchesse Cataneo and 
 their friends [Massimilla Doni, ff'\. 
 
 Carabine, the nom de plume of Seraphine Sinet. See that 
 name. 
 
 * A part of the real Rue Chariot, running from the Rue des Quatre-Fils 
 to the Rue de Poitou. 
 
 f At that time situated on the Boulevard du Temple; it is now the 
 Theatre du Chatelet on the square of the same name. 
 
86 ' COMPENDIUM 
 
 Carbonneau, a physician whom the Comte du Mortsauf 
 talked of consulting in reference to his wife, 1820, in place 
 of Dr. Origet, of whom he complained [The Lily of the Val- 
 ley, i]. 
 
 Carcado, Madame de, founder of a Parisian benevolent 
 work in which Mme. de la Baudraye was appointed one of 
 the alms-gatherers, in March, 1843, ^7 ^^^ entreaties of a 
 priest, the friend of Mme. Piedefer. This position had the 
 important result of allowing the reentrance into society of the 
 "muse," misled and compromised by her relations with' 
 Lousteau [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Cardanet, Madame de, grandmother of Mme. de Senon- 
 ches [Lost Illusions, J^]. 
 
 Cardinal, Madame, a fish huckster, Paris ; daughter of a 
 Sieur Toupillier, a carrier ; an old widow, but strong and hale ; 
 the niece of Toupillier, the beggar at St. Sulpice, from whom, 
 with Cerizet as an accomplice, she tried to capture the hidden 
 treasure. This woman had three sisters, four brothers, and 
 three uncles, who would have partaken equally with herself in 
 her uncle's, the beggar, inheritance. The schemes of Mme. 
 Cardinal and Cerizet were nipped in the bud by M. du Por- 
 tail (Corentin) [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Cardinal, Olympe. See Cerizet, Madame. 
 
 Cardot, Jean-Jerome-Severin, born in 1755. First clerk 
 in an old silk house, the " Cocon d'or," Rue des Bourdonnais ; 
 he bought out this establishment in 1793, at the time of the 
 maximum, and made a great fortune in ten years, thanks to 
 his wife's dot of one hundred thousand francs, a demoiselle 
 Husson, who bore four children : two daughters, the eldest 
 married to Camusot, who succeeded his father-in-law; the 
 second, Marianne, married to Protez, of the firm of Protez & 
 Chiff'reville ; two sons, the eldest of whom became a notary, 
 and the youngest, Joseph, who was in partnership with Matifat, 
 the druggist. Cardot was the protector of Florentine, the 
 dancer, whom he discovered and kept. In 1822 he lived at 
 
comAdie HUMAINE. 87 
 
 Bellville,* in one of the first houses above Courtille ; he was at 
 that time a widower, sixty years of age. The uncle of Oscar 
 Husson, he had gone to some trouble over and looked after 
 that blunderer, but this was all changed by the old man when 
 he found him asleep one morning on one of Florentine's 
 couches, after an orgie at which he had lost at play the money 
 intrusted to him by his employer, Desroches, the attorney 
 [A Start in Life, s — A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, JfZ* 
 — A Bachelor's Establishment, e7]. Cardot was on terms of 
 friendship with the Guillaumes, dry goods dealers, Rue St. 
 Denis [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket, f]. He was in- 
 vited, with all his children, to the famous ball given by Cesar 
 Birotteau, December 17, 1818 [Cesar Briotteau, O]. 
 
 Cardot, the eldest son of the foregoing ; a notary in Paris, 
 successor to Sorbier; born in 1794; married to a Demoiselle 
 Chiffreville, a family celebrated for its chemical productions. 
 By his wife he had three children ; the eldest, a son, who, in 
 1836, was his father's fourth clerk and became his successor, 
 but pined for literary fame ; Felicie, a daughter, who married 
 Berthier; and another daughter, born in 1824. Malaga was 
 kept by Cardot the notary, in the time of Louis-Philippe 
 [Muse of the Department, CC — A Man of Business, I — The 
 Collection of Antiquities, aa\. He was Pierre Grassou's 
 notary, who each three months took him his savings [Pierre 
 Grassou, ^]. He was also the Thuilliers' notary; he offered, 
 in their parlor of the house on the Rue Saint-Dominique 
 d'Enfer,f in 1840, the pretensions of Godeschal to the hand 
 of Celeste Colleville. After living in the Place du Chatelet,J 
 Cardot became one of the tenants of the house bought by 
 the Thuilliers, near the Madeleine [The Middle Classes, ee\> 
 In 1844, he was a mayor and deputy for Paris [Cousin 
 Pons, Qd\. 
 
 * At that time outside of Paris, 
 f Now the Rue Royer-Collard. 
 X For more than a quarter of a century this has been much improved. 
 
88 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Cardot, Madame, 7iee Chiffreville, wife of Cardot the 
 notary ; very pious and a wooden woman, a ** true penitential 
 brush." About 1840 she lived in Paris with her husband on 
 the Place du Chatelet. At this time she took her daughter, 
 F6licie, to the Rue des Martyrs, to the rooms of Etienne 
 Lousteau, whom she had accepted as a son-in-law; but she 
 broke off the match when she there discovered the doings of 
 the journalist [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Cardot, Felicie, or Felicite. See Berthier, Madame. 
 
 Carigliano, Marechal, Due de, one of the most distin- 
 guished soldiers of the Empire ; the husband of a Demoiselle 
 Malin de Gondreville, whom he adored, but who deceived 
 him ; he was submissive to and feared her [At the Sign of the 
 Cat and Racket, f]. In 1819 Marechal Carigliano gave a 
 ball at which Eugene de Rastignac was introduced by his 
 cousin, the Vicomtesse de Beauseant, and where he made his 
 first entry into society [Father Goriot, 6r]. He owned, 
 under the Restoration, near to I'Elysee Bourbon, a fine hotel 
 which he sold to M. de Lanty [Sarrasine, ds^ II.]. 
 
 Carigliano, Duchesse de, wife of the foregoing, daughter 
 of Senator Malin de Gondreville. At the close of the Empire, 
 when thirty-six years old, she was the mistress of the young 
 Colonel d'Aiglemont, and at almost the same time that of the 
 painter Sommervieux, then recently married to Augustine Guil- 
 laume. The duchesse received a visit from Mme. de Sommer- 
 vieux, and gave her advice on the way in which to reconquer 
 her husband's love and to keep him by her coquetry [At the 
 Sign of the Cat and Racket, f]. In 1821-22 she had a box at 
 the opera near that of Mme. d'Espard ; Sixte du Chatelet went 
 there one evening to salute her, taking with him Lucien de 
 Rubempre, newly arrived in Paris, and who made such a 
 shabby appearance in the theatre while seated near Mme. de 
 Bargeton [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, M.\ This 
 was the same Duchesse de Carigliano who after great efforts 
 discovered a noble wife for General de Montcornet, the 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 89 
 
 Mademoiselle Troisville [The Peasantry, JK]. A Napoleonic 
 duchess, Mme. de Carigliano was none the less devoted to 
 the Bourbons and attached herself particularly to the Duchesse 
 de Berry ; throwing herself into a state of high piety, she 
 went nearly every year to make a retreat in the convent of 
 the Ursulines at Arcis-sur-Aube. In 1839 the friends of Sal- 
 lenauve counted on the help of the duchess to elect him as 
 deputy [The Deputy for Arcis, 2>J>]. 
 
 Carmagnola, Giambattista, an old gondolier of Venice, 
 in 1820 ; entirely devoted to Emilio Memmi [Massimilla 
 Doni,#]. 
 
 Carnot, Lazare-Nicolas-Marguerite ; born at Nolay, 
 Cote-d'Or, in 1753; died in 1823. He was war minister in 
 June, 1800; he was present with Talleyrand, Fouche, and 
 Sieyes at a sociable assembly on the Rue du Bac, at the official 
 residence of the ministers for foreign affairs, and when they 
 talked over the downfall of the First Consul Bonaparte [A 
 Historical Mystery, jf\ 
 
 Caroline, Mademoiselle ; under the Empire, the gov- 
 erness of M. and Mme. de Vandenesse's four children, of whom 
 the three known are : Charles, Felix, and Madame de Listo- 
 mere. She was a " terror " [The Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 Caroline, Mademoiselle; the name under which the 
 Duchesse de Langeais, in 1818-19, went to Spain, as the 
 maid of Lady Julia Hopwood, after her adventure with Gen- 
 eral de Montriveau [The Thirteen — The Duchesse de Lan- 
 geais, hh\ 
 
 Caroline, Rue Saint-Dominique-Saint-Germain,* Paris; 
 in the years 1827-28 was chosen chambermaid to the Mar- 
 quise de Listomere when she received a letter from Eugene 
 de Rastignac intended for Delphine de Nucingen [A Study of 
 Woman, a]. 
 
 Caroline, a servant at the Thuilliers, in 1840 [The Middle 
 Classes, ee\. 
 
 * Simply the Rue Saint-Dominique since 1838. 
 
90 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Caron, the barrister in charge of Mile. Gamard's affairs, 
 at Tours, 1826. He was engaged against Abb6 Francois 
 Birotteau [The Abb6 Birotteau, i\ 
 
 Carpentier, an old captain in the Imperial armies, retired 
 to Issoudun during the Restoration. He had a situation in 
 the mayor's office ; he was allied by marriage with one of the 
 most influential families in the town — the Borniche-Hereaus. 
 An intimate friend of the captain of artillery, Mignonnet, 
 who partook with himself an aversion to Major Maxence 
 Gilet, he was, with him, a second of Philippe Bridau in his 
 duel with the chief of the Knights of Idlesse [A Bachelor's 
 Establishment, eT"]. 
 
 Carpi, Benedetto, a jailer in the prison at Venice, in 
 which Facino Cane was confined from 1760 to 1770. Bribed 
 by the prisoner he took his flight with him, carrying a part of 
 the secret treasure of the Republic ; but he soon after perished 
 while swimming in the sea [Facino Cane, /?]. 
 
 Carthagenova, a superb basso in the Theatre Fenice at 
 Venice. He sang, in 1820, the part of Moses in that opera- 
 oratorio, with Genovese and la Tinti, before the Due and 
 Duchesse Cataneo, Capraja, Emilio Memmi, and Marco Ven- 
 dramini [Massimilla Doni, ff\ 
 
 Cartier, a gardener in the Montparnasse quarter, Paris, in 
 the time of Louis-Philippe. In 1839 he furnished M. Ber- 
 nard (Baron Bourlac) with flowers for his daughter Vanda 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Cartier, Madame, wife of the foregoing, a milk, ^gg, and 
 vegetable dealer who supplied Mme. Vauthier, the janitor of 
 a mean house on the Boulevard Montparnasse, and M. Ber- 
 nard, a tenant in the place [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Casa-Real, Due de, youngest brother of Mme. Balthazar 
 Claes ; allied to the Evangelistas of Bordeaux ; of a family 
 illustrious under the Spanish monarchy; his sister had re- 
 nounced the succession of her father and mother, so as to 
 secure him a marriage worthy a house so noble. He died 
 
COM Ad IE H (/MAINE. 91 
 
 young, in 1805, leaving to Mme. Claes a sufficient fortune 
 [The Quest of the Absolute, D — A Marriage Settlement, aa^. 
 
 Castagnould, mate of the Mignon, a pretty bark of one 
 hundred tons, of which Charles Mignon was the captain and 
 owner, and in which he made the long voyages which con- 
 siderably increased his business and fortune. Castagnould 
 was a Provencal and an old servitor of the Mignon family 
 [Modeste Mignon, K'\. 
 
 Castanier, Rudolphe, an old major of a squad of dragoons 
 under the Empire. Cashier to Baron de Nucingen; deco- 
 rated with the Legion of Honor ; he kept Mme. de la Garde 
 (Aquilina), and, for her, in 1821, forged the signature of the 
 banker to a letter of credit for a considerable amount. The 
 Englishman, John Melmoth, learned of this false step and 
 changed his person to that of the old officer. Castanier was 
 also made all-powerful, but was soon disgusted, and made an 
 exchange of it with a financier named Claparon. Castanier 
 had the Southern temperament ; he enlisted when sixteen, and 
 had followed the French flag until nearly forty years old 
 [Melmoth Reconciled, d']. 
 
 Castanier, Madame, wife of the foregoing, married under 
 the first Empire. Her family was a middle-class one of 
 Nancy ; she deceived Castanier in the figure of her dot and in 
 her *' expectations ; " Mme. Castanier was plain, virtuous, 
 and vinegary ; she had lived, apart from her amiable husband, 
 for a number of years, in 1 821, in the vicinity of Strasbourg 
 [Melmoth Reconciled, d'\. 
 
 Casteran, De, a very ancient noble family of Normandy, 
 allied to that of William the Conqueror's ; belonging to the 
 Verneuils, the Esgrignons, and the Troisvilles. The name is 
 pronounced *' Cateran," as if it had an acute accent to the <r, 
 though it had gone out of use. A Demoiselle Blanche de 
 Casteran was the mother of Mile, de Verneuil and died Ab- 
 bess of Notre-Dame, of Seez [The Chouans, J5]. Mme. de 
 la Chanterie, then a widow, was warmly welcomed by the 
 
92 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Casterans in Normandy, in 1807 [The Seamy Side of His- 
 tory, T^ A Marquis and a Marquise de Casteran, then 
 aged, were frequenters of the Marquis d'Esgrignon's salon, 
 Alengon, in 1822 [The Collection of Antiquities, aa^ The 
 Marquise de Rochefide, nee Beatrix-Maximilienne-Rose de 
 Casteran, was the youngest daughter of a Marquis de Casteran, 
 who wished to marry his two daughters without giving them 
 a portion, in order that he might reserve the whole of his 
 fortune to the Comte de Casteran, his son [Beatrix, _P]. 
 
 Cataneo, Due, a noble Sicilian, born in 1773; Massi- 
 milla Doni's first husband. He was physically ruined by the 
 abuse of every pleasure before his marriage; he had never 
 exercised any of his conjugal rights, and lived only by and for 
 music. Very wealthy, he raised and educated Clara Tinti, 
 discovered by him when she was a simple servant at an inn ; 
 through his care the young woman had become the famous 
 prima donna of the Fenice theatre at Venice in 1820. Geno- 
 vese, the wonderful tenor, of the same theatre, also belonged 
 to Due Cataneo, whom he paid highly to sing with la Tinti. 
 Due Cataneo made ridiculous movements when he walked, 
 *' seeming to have made it his business to justify the Neapolitan 
 that Gerolemo always shows on the stage of his puppet show " 
 [Massimilla Doni, ff~\. 
 
 Cataneo, Duchesse, nee Massimilla Doni, wife of the 
 preceding; afterward married to Emilio Memmi, Prince de 
 Varese. See Varese, Princesse de. 
 
 Catherine, an old woman-servant employed by M. and 
 Mme. Saillard in 1824 [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Catherine, Laurence de Cinq-Cygne's maid and her foster- 
 sister ; a pretty girl of nineteen in 1803. The same as Go- 
 thard, Catherine was in all her mistress* secrets and served 
 her faithfully [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Cavalier, a partner of Pendant's in the bookselling, pub- 
 lishing, and commission business, Rue Serpente, Paris, 1821. 
 Cavalier traveled for the firm, which did business under the 
 
COM&DIE HLMAINE, 93 
 
 name of Fendant & Cavalier. The two partners had failed 
 more times than was known to the public ; Lucien de Ru- 
 bempre submitted to them the famous romance "The Archer 
 of Charles IX.," of which they would have changed the 
 title to one more fantastic [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, Jf]. In 1838 a Cavalier firm published "The Spirit 
 of Modern Laws," by Baron du Bourlac, on shares with the 
 author [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Cayron, a native of Languedoc, a small dealer in parasols, 
 umbrellas, and walking-canes, Rue St. Honore, in a house 
 adjoining that occupied by Birotteau the perfumer, in 18 18. 
 With the consent of the owner, Molineux, Cayron ceded to 
 his neighbor two rooms over his store ; he was a bad hand at 
 business, and suddenly disappeared after the famous ball given 
 by Birotteau. Cayron admired Birotteau and often begged 
 him to cash his notes; he accompanied him to Molineux's 
 house, Batave Court,* Saint-Denis quarter [Cesar Birot- 
 teau, O]. 
 
 Celestin, Lucien de Rubempre's valet, in Paris, on the 
 Quai Malaquais, in the closing years of the reign of King 
 Charles X. [The Harlot's Progress, Y\ 
 
 Cerizet, an orphan from the Foundling Hospital, Paris; 
 born 1802. He was apprenticed to Didots, the celebrated 
 printers ; there he was noticed by David Sechard, who took 
 him to Angouldme and employed him in his printery, where 
 Cerizet performed the triple functions of compositor, stone- 
 hand, and proof-reader. He presently acted treacherously to 
 his master, and, by means of keeping the Cointet Brothers, 
 David Sechard's competitors, informed as to his doings, was 
 the means of causing his ruin [Lost Illusions, J^]. Following 
 this he was an actor in the provinces; managed a Liberal 
 newspaper under the Restoration ; a sub-prefect at the begin- 
 ning of Louis-Philippe's reign, and afterward a man of busi- 
 ness. In the last position he was condemned to prison for 
 * Now the Rue Berger. 
 
94 COMPENDIUM 
 
 two years for swindling. After having been the partner of 
 Georges d'Estourny, then of Claparon, he lapsed into poverty 
 and became a copying-clerk to a justice of the peace, in the 
 St. Jacques quarter ; at this time he engaged in a loan business, 
 lending money by the *' little week," and enjoyed a certain 
 amount of comfort by his speculations with poor folk. Al- 
 though absolutely impotent through his vicious life, Cerizet 
 married Olympe Cardinal about 1840. At that time he was 
 mixed up in the intrigues of Theodose de la Peyrade and in 
 Thuillier's affairs. He lived successively in Paris, on the 
 Rue du Gros-Chenet;* the Rue Chabannais ; and the Rue 
 des Poules,t at the corner of the Rue des Postes. In 1833 
 he had become possessed of an acceptance signed by Maxime 
 de Trailles ; he succeeded by Scapin dodges in obtaining a 
 full reimbursement [The Harlot's Progress, T"— The Middle 
 Classes, ee — A Man of Business, V\. 
 
 Cerizet, Olympe Cardinal, born about 1824, daughter of 
 Mme. Cardinal, fish huckster. An actress at the Bobino, 
 Luxembourg; J then at the Folies-Dramatiques,|| where she 
 made her first appearance in 'Me Telegraphe de 1' Amour." 
 She was then the mistress of the first comedian ; after this she 
 had Julien Minard as a lover; from the father of the last 
 named she received thirty thousand francs to renounce his son. 
 This money formed her dot and contributed to bring about 
 her marriage to Cerizet [The Middle Classes, ee\> 
 
 Cesarine, a clear-starcher in a laundry at Alen^on. The 
 
 * Now become the Rue du Sentier. 
 
 f Now the Rue Laromiqui^re. 
 
 X Up to twenty years after this theatre formed an angle in the Rues 
 Madame and Fleurus, and had as manager, about 1840, M. Tournemine. 
 
 II Under the direction of Mourier, Boulevard du Temple, toward 1862. 
 The first patentees or directors of this theatre, opened in January, 1831, 
 were Allaux senior and Leopold, and there remained most of the time. 
 AUaux had been an architect. He built the hall on the site of the old 
 Ambigu, which had been destroyed by fire, on the reconstructed Boulevard 
 Saint- Martin. 
 
COMEDIR HUMAINE. 95 
 
 mistress of the Chevalier de Valois, and the mother of a 
 child which she attributed to that old noble ; it was noised 
 about in that town, in 1816, that he had secretly married her. 
 This talk greatly vexed the chevalier, who hoped, at that 
 time, to marry Mile. Cormon. Cesarine, who was the sole 
 legatee of her lover, did not receive more than six hundred 
 livres of income [The Old Maid, aa\. 
 
 Cesarine, a pretty female dancer at the opera, Paris, 
 1822 ; known by Philippe Bridau, and who at one time he 
 thought of fastening on to his uncle Rouget, at Issoudun 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Chabert, called Hyacinthe, Count, grand officer of the 
 Legion of Honor, colonel of a cavalry regiment. Left for 
 dead on the field of battle at Eylau, February 7 and 8, 1807 ; 
 he was cured at Heilsberg, then afterward confined in an 
 insane asylum at Stuttgard. He returned to France after the 
 fall of the Empire ; in 1818 he lived, in deep poverty, on the 
 Rue du Petit-Banquier, Paris, where he was supported by 
 Vergniaud, an old non-commissioned officer in his regiment. 
 After vainly seeking his rights, without a scandal, of Rose 
 Chapotel, his wife — then remarried to Comte Ferraud — he 
 again fell into poverty and was committed as a vagabond. 
 His life ended at the Bicetre Hospital — it commenced at the 
 Foundling Hospital [Colonel Chabert, i~\. The Parisian stage 
 has twice seized upon this poignant history, at an interval of 
 twenty years between each. The Vaudeville, Rue de Chartres, 
 in 1822, presented a "Colonel Chabert,"* a drama in two 
 acts, by Louis Lurine and Jacques Arago ; and still more fre- 
 quently the Beaumarchis theatre, under Bartholy's manage- 
 ment, gave another *' Colonel Chabert," with the sub-title 
 "The Woman with Two Husbands," the author being Paul 
 de Faulquemont. 
 
 Chabert, Madame, nee Rose Chapotel. See Ferraud, 
 Comtesse. 
 
 * Played for the first time by Volnys and Mme. Doche. 
 
96 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Chaboisseau, an old bookseller, money loaner on books, 
 something of a usurer, a millionaire, living, in 1821-22, on 
 the Quai Saint-Michel, where he transacted some business 
 with Lucien de Rubempre, brought thither by Lousteau [A 
 Distinguished Provincial at Paris, ilf ]. A friend of Gobseck 
 and Gigonnet, he with them frequented the Cafe Themis, 
 situated at the angle of the Rue Dauphine and Quai des 
 Augustins [Les Employes, cc\ Under Louis-Philippe, he 
 was on business terms with the Cerizet-Claparon Company 
 [A Man of Business, ?]. 
 
 Chaffaroux, a building contractor, one of Cesar Birotteau*s 
 creditors [Cesar Birotteau, O]. The uncle of Claudine Chaf- 
 faroux, who became Mme. du Bruel. Wealthy and a bachelor, 
 he dearly loved his niece ; she had helped him in his busi- 
 ness. He died in the second half of Louis-Philippe's reign, 
 leaving forty thousand francs to the former ballet-girl [A 
 Prince of Bohemia, FF\ In 1840 he did sundry work in a 
 house bought in the vicinity of the Madeleine by the Thuil- 
 liers [The Middle Classes, ee\ Chaffaroux lived for some 
 little time on the outskirts of Paris, at Nanterre. 
 
 ChamaroUes, Mesdemoiselles, directors, at the com- 
 mencement of the century, of a boarding-school for young 
 girls ; they enjoyed a great reputation in the department and 
 brought up Anna Grossetdte, who soon after leaving them mar- 
 ried the third son of Comte de Fontaine ; and Dinah Piedefer, 
 who became Mme. de la Baudraye [Muse of the Depart- 
 ment, CC\ 
 
 Champagnac, a traveling tinker of Limoges, Auvergnay, 
 a widower; Jerome-Baptiste Sauviat married, in 1797, the 
 daughter of Champagnac, when less than twenty years old 
 [The Country Parson, J^]. 
 
 Champignelles, De, an illustrious family of Normandy. 
 In 1822, at Bayeux, a marquis of Champignelles was the 
 head of the house, the prince of the country ; by marriage this 
 family was allied to the Navarreins, the Blamont-Chauvrys, 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 97 
 
 and the Beaus^ants. It was this Marquis de Champignelles 
 who introduced Gaston de Nueil to the home of Mme. de 
 Beauseant [A Forsaken Woman, }i\. A M. de Champignelles 
 — perhaps the same one — presented, with MM. de Beauseant 
 and de Vermeuil, Mme. de la Chanterie to Louis XVIII., at 
 the commencement of the Restoration. Baronne de la Chan- 
 terie was, indeed, a Champignelles [The Seamy Side of His- 
 tory, T\ 
 
 Champion, Maurice, a young boy of Montegnac, Haute- 
 Vienne, son of the master of post horses in that commune ; 
 employed as a stable-boy by Mme. Graslin, in the time of 
 Louis-Philippe [The Country Parson, jP]. 
 
 Champlain, Pierre, a vine-dresser, a neighbor of the 
 lunatic Margaritis, Vouvray, 1831 [Gaudissart the Great, o]. 
 
 Champy, Madame de; the name given by Baron de 
 Nucingen to Esther Gobseck, who was but little good to him 
 after he had bought her [The Harlot's Progress, Y^ Z]. 
 
 Chandour, Stanislas de; born in 1781 ; one of the fre- 
 quenters of the Bargetons' salon at Angouldme, and the 
 " beau " of that society. In 1821 he was decorated ; he made 
 some successes with women by his pleasant raillery on the 
 people of the eighteenth century. Having spread a calum- 
 nious report in the town about Mme. de Bargeton and Lucien 
 de Rubempre, he was challenged to a duel by her husband 
 and received a bullet in his neck, a wound which ever after 
 caused him to have a kind of wry-neck [Lost Illusions, 1^\ 
 
 Chandour, Amelie de, wife of the foregoing ; beautiful, 
 talkative, but troubled with an unacknowledged asthma. She 
 posed in Angoulgme as the contrast to her friend, Mme. de 
 Bargeton [Lost Illusions, N\ 
 
 Chanor, a partner of Florent's, both . manufacturers and 
 dealers in bronzes, Rue des Tournelles, Paris, under Louis- 
 Philippe. Wenceslas Steinbock was at that time an appren- 
 tice to this firm, and afterward worked for them [Cousin 
 Betty, w\ In 1845 Frederic Brunner had a watch-chain 
 7 
 
98 COMPENDIUM 
 
 and a fancy knob for a cane from Florent & Chanor [Cousin 
 Pons, dC\. 
 
 Chanterie, de la, Madame. See La Chanterie, Madame 
 de. 
 
 Chantonnit, mayor of Riceys, near Besan^on, between 
 1830 and 1840. He was originally of Neuchatel, Switzer- 
 land, and a republican ; he had a trial with the Watvilles ; 
 Albert Savarus pleaded for them against Chantonnit [Albert 
 Savaron, jf]. 
 
 Chapeloud, Abbe, prebendary of St. Gatien's church, 
 Tours. The intimate friend of Abbe Birotteau, he died in 
 1824, leaving him his furniture and quite a valuable library, 
 which had long been ardently desired by the simple priest 
 [The Abbe Birotteau, i^. 
 
 Chaperon, Abbe, the cure of Nemours, Seine-et-Marne, 
 since the reestablishment of worship after the Revolution ; 
 born in 1755, ^^^^ 1S41, in that town. A friend of Dr. 
 Minoret's, he assisted in the education of Ursule Mirouet, the 
 niece of the physician. He was surnamed " the Fenelon du 
 Gatinais. " His successor was the cure of St. Lange, the priest 
 who tried to give the consolations of religion to Mme. d' Aigle- 
 mont when a prey to despair [Ursule Mirouet, H.\ 
 
 Chapotel, Rose, the family name of Mme. Chabert, who 
 afterward became Comtesse Ferraud. See that name. 
 
 Chapoulot, M. AND Mme., formerly lace-dealers, Rue 
 Saint-Denis, 1845 ^ tenants in the house in which lived Pons 
 and Schmucke, on the Rue Normandie. One evening, when 
 M. and Mme. Chapoulot returned from the Ambigu-Comique* 
 theatre, accompanied by their daughter Victorine, they met 
 
 ■^ This theatre has not been situated on the Boulevard du Temple since 
 the end of the reign of Charles X., and was directed, in the Boule- 
 vard St. Martin, by Anthony B^raud. The hall on the boulevard called 
 " du Crime " was burned down July 14, 1827. The Boulevard St. Martin 
 theatre was opened June 7, 1829, on the site of the H5tel Jambonne, with 
 the " Muse du Boulevard " as the prologue at the inauguration. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 99 
 
 on the stairs Heloise Brisetout, and a little conjugal scene 
 followed [Cousin Pons, x\. 
 
 Chapuzot, M. AND Mme., janitors of Marguerite Turquet, 
 called Malaga, Rue des Fosses-du-Temple,* Paris, 1836; they 
 afterward became her servants and confidents when she was 
 kept by Thaddee Paz [The Imaginary Mistress, Ti\. 
 
 Chapuzot, head of the division of the prefecture of police, 
 in the time of Louis-Philippe ; was visited and consulted, 
 1843, t>y Victorin Hulot, on the subject of Mme. de Saint- 
 Esteve [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Chardin, Father, a drunken old mattress-maker. In 1843 
 he acted as the intermediary between Baron Hulot, hiding 
 under the name of Daddy Thoul, and his Cousin Betty, who 
 hid his unworthiness from the family [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Chardin, son of the preceding. At one time watchman 
 at Johann Fischer's warehouse, contractor for provender to 
 the minister of war in the province of Oran, from 1838 to 
 1841 ; after this was a claquer in the theatre, under Braulard, 
 then known by the name of Idamore. The brother of Elodie 
 Chardin, whom he procured for Daddy Thoul, in order to 
 supplant Olympe Bijou, of whom he had always been the 
 lover. After Olympe Bijou, Chardin had for mistress, in 
 1843, a leading lady of the Funambulesf [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Chardin, Elodie, sister of Chardin, called Idamore [/<^/^.]. 
 
 Chardon, an old surgeon in the armies of the Republic, 
 established as a pharmacist at Angouleme, under the Empire. 
 His time was occupied in discovering a cure for the gout, 
 and, also, in trying to invent a process by which vegetable 
 matter could be used in paper-making in place of rags, after 
 the Chinese manner. He died at Paris after the Restoration ; 
 he had gone there to seek the approbation of the Academy of 
 Sciences, but, hopeless of success, committed suicide ; he left 
 a widow and two children in poverty [Lost Illusions, lf\ 
 
 * Not in existence since 1863. 
 f Torn down in June, 1862. 
 
100 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Chardon, Madame, 7iee Rubempre, wife of the foregoing. 
 The last shoot of an illustrious family, saved from the scaffold 
 by the surgeon-soldier, Chardon, who declared that she was 
 e?iceinte by him, and afterward married her, in spite of their 
 mutual poverty. Reduced to wretchedness by the sudden 
 death of her husband, she took service as a sick-nurse under 
 the name of Charlotte. She worshiped her two children, Eve 
 and Lucien. Madame Chardon died in 1827 [Lost Illu- 
 sions, JV^— The Harlot's Progress, 'Y\ 
 
 Chardon, Lucien. See Rubempre, Chardon de. 
 
 Chardon, Eve. See Sechard, Madame David. 
 
 Charels, The, honest farmers in the environs of Alengon, 
 father and mother of Olympe Charel, who became Michaud's 
 wife, the head keeper on General de Montcornet's property 
 [The Peasantry, _K]. 
 
 Chargeboeuf, Marquis de, a country gentleman, born 
 in 1739; head of the house of Chargeboeuf, in the time of 
 the Consulate and the Empire. His estates were situated in 
 the department of Seine-et-Marne, in that of I'Aube. A rel- 
 ative of the Hauteserres and Simeuses, whose names had been 
 stricken off the list of emigres by his aid in 1804; he assisted 
 them also in their trial on the charge of abducting Senator 
 Malin. He was likewise a relative of Laurence de Cinq- 
 Cygne. The Chargeboeufs and Cinq-Cygnes were of the same 
 origin, they bore the Frank name Duineff in common ; Cinq- 
 Cygne became the family name of the younger branch of the 
 Chargeboeufs. The marquis was intimate with Talleyrand, 
 and by his aid was able to deliver a petition to First Consul 
 Bonaparte. M. de Chargeboeuf seemed reconciled to the new 
 order of things which began in '89 ; at any rate this showed 
 much political shrewdness. His family counted their old 
 titles as having come from the days of the Crusaders ; the name 
 came from the exploit of a squire of St. Louis in Egypt [A 
 Historical Mystery, ff — Pierrette, t]. 
 
 Chargeboeuf, Madame de, mother of Bathilde de Charge- 
 
COMEDIE nUMAINE. 101 
 
 boeuf, wno married Denis Rogron. She lived with her 
 daughter at Troves, under the Restoration ; she was poor but 
 of haughty carriage [Pierrette, i]. 
 
 Chargeboeuf, Bathilde, daughter of the above; she 
 married Denis Rogron. See Rogron, Madame. 
 
 Chargeboeuf, Melchior-Rene, Vicomte de ; of the poor 
 branch of Chargebceufs. Appointed a sub-prefect of Arcis- 
 sur-Aube in 1815, by the favor of Mme. de Cinq-Cygne, his 
 relative ; he there knew Severine Beauvisage ; they became 
 lovers, and a daughter, named Cecile-Renee, was the result of 
 their intimacy [The Deputy for Arcis, 2>1>]. In 1820 Vi- 
 comte de Chargeboeuf passed through Sancerre, where he was 
 friendly with Mme. de la Baudraye ; she would probably have 
 *' accepted his attentions," but he was appointed prefect and 
 left that town [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Chargeboeuf, De, secretary to Granville, the attorney- 
 general, Paris, 1830 ; he was then a young man. He had 
 charge, by direction of his superior, of the funeral of Lucien 
 de Rubempre, so arranging it that it would be thought that he 
 had died at liberty and in his own lodging, Quai Malaquais 
 [The Harlot's Progress, Z\ 
 
 Chargegrain, Louis, an inn-keeper of Littray, Normandy. 
 Affiliated v/ith the ''Brigands"; he was implicated in the 
 trial of the Chauffeurs of Mortagne, 1809, and acquitted [The 
 Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Charles, the Christian name of a young painter, good 
 enough at a pinch, who in 181 9 took his meals at Vauquer's 
 boarding-house. An assistant teacher in the college and an 
 employe of the Museum ; full of fun, very fond of joking, 
 and of whom Goriot was often the victim [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Charles, an impudent young man, killed in a duel with 
 pistols by Valentin at Aix, Savoy, 1831. Charles boasted of 
 having "received the degrees of a Bachelor in shooting" 
 from Lepage, at Paris, and that of Doctor from Lozes, " the 
 king of fencers " [The Wild Ass' Skin, A^ 
 
102 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Charles, valet to M. d'Aiglemont, Paris, 1823. The mar- 
 quis complained of the negligence of his servant [A Woman 
 of Thirty, H\ 
 
 Charles, Comte de Montcornet's footman at the Aigues, 
 Bourgogne, 1823. For his own wicked ends he pretended to 
 woo Catherine Tonsard, and was encourged in his gallantry 
 by Fourchon, the maternal grandfather of that girl, who de- 
 sired to have a spy in the castle. In the struggle of the peas- 
 ants against the Aigues he was mostly on their side : *' I came 
 from the people and remain attached to them" [The Peas- 
 antry, M\. 
 
 Charlotte, a great lady, a duchess, and a widow without 
 children. Loved by de Marsay, who was then not more than 
 seventeen, while she was six years older than he ; she de- 
 ceived him, and he was angered at her giving him a rival. 
 She died at an early age of consumption ; her husband was a 
 statesman [Another Study of Woman, ?]. 
 
 Charlotte, Madame, the name taken, 1822, at Angoul^me, 
 by Madame Chardon, when obliged to go out as a sick-nurse 
 [Lost Illusions, ^]. 
 
 Chatelet, Sixte, Baron du, born in 1776 ; was only plain 
 Sixte Chatelet. He qualified, 1806, for and was named 
 baron soon after under the Empire. He commenced his 
 career as secretary to an imperial princess ; then entered the 
 diplomatic ranks, and finally, under the Restoration, was 
 appointed by M. de Barante director of indirect taxes at 
 Angouleme, where he knew Mme. de Bargeton and whom he 
 married when she became a widow, at the end of 1821 ; he 
 was at that time prefect of the Charente [Lost Illusions, _^]. 
 In 1824 he was comte and deputy [The Harlot's Progress, Y\ 
 Chatelet accompanied General Marquis Armand de Montri- 
 veau in his perilous and famous enterprise in Egypt [The 
 Duchess of Langeais, &&]. 
 
 Chatelet, Marie-Louise-Anais de Negrepelisse, Bar- 
 ONNE DU, born in 1 785 ; a cousin by marriage of the Mar- 
 
COM^DIE HUMATNE. 103 
 
 quise d'Espard ; married in 1803 to M. de Bargeton, Angou- 
 leme; a widow, in 1821, she married Baron Sixte dii Chatelet, 
 prefect of the Charente. Smitten at one time by Lucien de 
 Rubempre, she drew that ambitious provincial in her train 
 to Paris,* and there deserted her lover at the instigation of 
 Chatelet and Mme. d'Espard [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, ]K\ In 1824, Mme. du Chatelet attended Mme. 
 Rabourdin's soirees [Les Employes, cc\- Under the direc- 
 tion of the Abbe Niolant (or Niollant) Mme. du Chatelet, 
 orphaned of her mother, had been raised physically well at 
 I'Escarbes, on a small paternal estate situated near Barbezieux 
 [Lost Illusions, JSf\ 
 
 Chatillonest, De, an old military officer ; father of the 
 Marquise d'Aiglemont ; he saw with regret her marriage to 
 the brilliant colonel, her cousin [A Woman of Thirty, /S^]. 
 The motto of the house of Chatillonest (or Chastillonest) was : 
 Fulgens, sequar or brillante^ je te suivrai. Jean Butscha had 
 placed this on his seal, surmounted by a star [Modeste 
 Mignon, K.\ 
 
 Chaudet, Antoine-Denis, sculptor and painter; born in 
 Paris, 1763 ; was interested in Joseph Bridau's budding fame 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, Jf\ 
 
 Chaulieu, Henri, Due de; born in 1773 5 peer of France, 
 a gentleman of the Courts of Louis XVIII. and Charles X., 
 chiefly in favor by the second of these kings. After being the 
 French ambassador at Madrid, he was, at the commencement 
 of 1830, minister for foreign affairs. He had three children : 
 the Due de Rhetore, the eldest ; a second son who became, 
 by his marriage with Madeleine de Mortsauf, Due de Lenon- 
 court-Givry; and a daughter, Armande-Louise-Marie, who 
 was at one time married to the Baron de Macumer, and, 
 becoming a widow, afterward to the poet Marie Gaston [Let- 
 
 *She lived successively on the Rue de I'Echelle, at the hotel du Gail- 
 lard-Bois — since been razed — and the Rue Luxembourg, really tlie Rue 
 Cambon. 
 
104 COMPENDIUM 
 
 ters of Two Brides, v — Modeste Mignon, JST — A Bachelor's 
 Establishment, J\ The Due de Chaulieu, friendly with the 
 Grandlieus, obtained from them the promise that they would 
 obtain the title of marquis for Lucien de Rubempre, who pre- 
 tended to the hand of their daughter Clotilde [The Harlot's 
 Progress, ]F]. The Due de Chaulieu, when living in Paris, 
 was on a footing of great intimaey with the same Grandlieus, 
 of the eldest braneh ; more than that, he was greatly interested 
 in all their family affairs : he employed Corentin to elear up 
 the dark side of Clotilde's fiatice' s life [The Harlot's Pro- 
 gress, 'Y\ Preceding this, M. de Chaulieu took part in a 
 solemn family council met to decide on a difficult question of 
 a relative of the Grandlieus, Madame de Langeais [The Thir- 
 teen, BB\ 
 
 Chaulieu, Eleonore, Duchesse de, wife of the foregoing. 
 A friend of M. d'Aubrion, she was able to arrange a marriage 
 between Mile. d'Aubrion and Charles Grandet [Eugenie 
 Grandet, JEi\ For a long time she was the poet Canalis' 
 mistress, though she was much older than he ; she protected 
 him, pushed him on in the world and in public life, but, 
 being exceedingly jealous, closely watched him ; at the age of 
 fifty she returned to him again. Mme. du Chaulieu bore her 
 husband three children, described in her husband's biography. 
 Her pride and coquetry caused her to be little sensible to 
 maternal sentiments. During the last years of the second 
 Restoration, Eleonore de Chaulieu followed, not far from 
 Rosny, on the Normandy road, a nearly royal chase after 
 what her heart was engaged upon [Letters of Two Brides, V — 
 Modeste Mignon, JfiC]. 
 
 Chaulieu, Armande-Louise-Marte de, daughter of the 
 Due and Duchesse de Chaulieu. See Marie Gaston, Madame. 
 
 Chaussard, The brothers, innkeepers at Louvigny, Orne, 
 old game-keepers on the Troisville estate ; implicated in the 
 trial called that of the Chauff'eurs of Mortagne, 1809. The 
 eldest Chaussard, condemned to twenty years at hard labor. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 105 
 
 was taken to the hulks, but soon after received the Emperor's 
 pardon. The younger Chaussard, for treason, was condemned 
 to death ; some time after he was thrown into the sea by M. 
 de Boislaurier for having betrayed the cause of the Chouans. 
 A third Chaussard, seduced into the police by Contehson, was 
 assassinated in a nocturnal scrimmage [The Seamy Side of 
 History, T]. 
 
 Chavoncourt, De, a gentleman of Besan^on, much es- 
 teemed in that town, the representative of an old parliamentary 
 family. A deputy under Charles X.; one of the famous two 
 hundred and twenty-one who signed the address to the King, 
 March i8, 1830 ; he was reelected under Louis-Philippe. The 
 father of three children, he had a small enough income. The 
 Chavoncourts were friendly with the Wattevilles [Albert Sa- 
 varon, /*]. 
 
 Chavoncourt, Madame de, wife of the preceding, and 
 one of the beautiful women of Besan^on. Born about 1794; 
 mother of three children, she wisely managed her household 
 with the meagre resources at her disposal [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Chavoncourt, De; born in 1812. The son of M. and 
 Mme. de Chavoncourt, Besan^on ; a college companion and 
 intimate friend of M. de Vauchelles [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Chavoncourt, Victoire de, the second child and eldest 
 daughter of M. and Mme. de Chavoncourt; born 1816 or 
 181 7. In 1834 M. de Vauchelles intended to marry her 
 [Albert Savaron, /]. 
 
 Chavoncourt, Sidonie de, third and last child of M. and 
 Mme. de Chavoncourt, Besan^on ; born in 1818 [Albert Sa- 
 varon, f\ 
 
 Chazelle, an employe in the Bureau of Finance, in M. 
 Baudoyer's office. Married, he was tyrannized by his wife, 
 and would have liked to have been thought free from her; she 
 quarreled with Paulmier, a bachelor, without ceasing, on the 
 most absurd and trivial matters. One smoked and the other 
 took snuff; these different ways of absorbing tobacco was the 
 
106 COMPENDIUM 
 
 subject of continual discussion between Chazelle and Paul- 
 mier [Les Employes, cc\ 
 
 Chelius, a physician of Heidelberg, with whom Halper- 
 sohn corresponded in the time of Louis-Philippe [The Seamy 
 Side of History, T\ 
 
 Chervin, a corporal of gendarmes at Montegnac, near 
 Limoges, in 1829 [The Country Parson, 'F\ 
 
 Chesnel, or Choisnel, a notary at Alengon, in the time 
 of Louis XVIIL; born in 1753. A former steward of the 
 house of Gordes and also of the Esgrignon family, whose 
 estates he saved in the Revolution ; a widower, without 
 children, he possessed a considerable fortune; his clientage 
 was of the aristocracy, notably that of Mme. de la Chanterie ; 
 he was everywhere received with the distinction his virtues 
 merited. M. du Bousquier had a deep hatred for him, as he 
 attributed the refusal of Mile. d'Esgrignon's hand to him and 
 that it had been instigated by Chesnel ; he still nourished this 
 feeling after having married Mile. Cormon. In 1824, by a skill- 
 ful manoeuvre, Chesnel saved young Victurnien d'Esgrignon 
 from the Assize Court — he had been guilty of a crime. The 
 old notary died shortly after that affair [The Seamy Side of 
 History, T — Jealousies of a Country Town, AA'\, 
 
 Chessel, De, owner of the castle and estates of Frapesle, 
 near Sache, Touraine. A friend of the Vandenesses, he intro- 
 duced their son, Felix, to the Mortsaufs, his neighbors. He 
 was the son of a manufacturer named Durand, who became 
 wealthy under the Revolution ; he had completely dropped 
 that name ; he took that of his wife, the sole heiress of the 
 Chessels, an old parliamentary family. M. de Chessel had 
 been governor-general and twice a deputy. He received the 
 title of count under Louis XVIII. [The Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 Chessel, Madame de, wife of the foregoing. She is 
 discovered at her toilet [The Lily of the Valley, X]. In 
 1824 she was a frequenter of Mme. Rabourdin's drawing- 
 rooms, Paris [Les Employes, cc]* 
 
CO MED IE _ HUMAINE. 107 
 
 Chevrel, M. and Madame, founders of the " Cat and 
 Racket," Rue Saint-Denis, Paris, at the close of the eigh- 
 teenth century. The father and mother of Mme. Guillaume, 
 whose husband kept on the business [At the Sign of the Cat 
 and Racket, f]. 
 
 Chevrel, a rich banker, Paris, at the very beginning of 
 the nineteenth century. He was doubtless the brother and 
 brother-in-law of the foregoing, and had a daughter who 
 married Maitre Rougin [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket, f\. 
 
 Chiavari, Prince de, brother of the Due de Vissembourg ; 
 son of Marechal Vernon [Beatrix, _P]. 
 
 Chiffreville, M. and Mme., druggists and dealers in 
 chemicals, Paris, under the Restoration ; they were prosperous 
 and had as partners MM. Protez and Cochin. This firm 
 had frequent commercial dealings with the *' Queen of 
 Roses," kept by Cesar Birotteau ; they also supplied Balthazar 
 Claes [Cesar Birotteau, O — The Quest of the Absolute, 2>]. 
 
 Chigi, Prince, a Roman great lord, 1758. He boasted 
 of having *' made a soprano of Zambinella," and revealed 
 to Sarrasine that that creature was not a woman [Sarra- 
 sine, dsi^ II.]. 
 
 Chisse, Madame de, great-aunt of M. du Bruel ; an old, 
 miserly provincial woman, at whose home the ex-dancer, 
 TuUia, after becoming Mme. du Bruel, happily passed a sum- 
 mer, hypocritically pretending to practice all the austerities of 
 religion [A Prince of Bohemia, JFF~\. 
 
 Chocardelle, Mademoiselle, known by the name of 
 Antonia, a Parisian courtesan during the reign of Louis- 
 Philippe ; born in 1814. Maxime de Trailles declared that 
 she was a brainy woman of intelligence, " indeed, she is my 
 pupil," said he. About 1834 — she lived at that time on the 
 Rue Helder — she was for a fortnight Palferine's mistress, he 
 who, in a famous letter, begged her to forward him the tooth- 
 brush he had left behind [Beatrix, JP — A Prince of Bohe- 
 mia, FF~\. She once held a writing-desk which had been 
 
108 COMPENDIUM 
 
 given her by M. de Trailles — this was on the Rue Coquenard.* 
 She had also *' thoroughly rinsed out the little d'Esgrignon " 
 [A Man of Business, V\. In 1838 she assisted at the inauguration 
 festival in Josepha Mirah's mansion, Rue de la Ville-rEveque 
 [Cousin Betty, w\ She went with her lover, Maxime de 
 Trailles, to Arcis-sur-Aube, in 1839, to second him in his 
 officious interference in the election of a deputy ; at the same 
 time she tried to collect a bill of exchange for ten thousand 
 francs which had been signed and given her by Charles Kel- 
 ler, deceased. She followed by becoming Phileas Beauvisage's 
 mistress, which cost him pretty dear [The Deputy for 
 Arcis, DD]. 
 
 Choin, Mademoiselle, a good Catholic, who built a 
 priests' house on land she bought expressly for that purpose, 
 at Blangy, in the eighteenth century ; afterward acquired by 
 Rigou [The Peasantry, JK]. 
 
 Choisnel. See Chesnel. 
 
 ChoUet, Mother, janitor of a house on the Rue du 
 Sentier, where Finot's newspaper office was, 182 1 [A Distin- 
 guished Provincial at Paris, M.\ 
 
 Chrestien, Michel, a Federalist Republican ; a member 
 of the Cenacle of the Rue des Quatre- Vents ; he was in 1819 
 invited with all his friends to the house of Mme. Bridau, the 
 widow of Joseph Bridau, to celebrate the return from Texas 
 of her eldest son Philippe. He would pass on the roll of 
 history for a Roman senator. Joseph Bridau, the painter, 
 was his friend [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ About 
 1822, Chrestien had a duel with Lucien Chardon de Rubempre 
 in reference to Daniel d'Arthez. A great but unknown states- 
 man ; he was killed at the convent of St. Merri, June 6, 1832, 
 as he was defending the cause for which he had worked 
 [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, JT]. Foolishly smitten 
 by Diane de Maufrigneuse, he did not confess his love until 
 at the last a letter was found upon him addressed to her, and 
 * Since 1848 Rue Lambertine. 
 
CO ME DIE HUMAINE. 109 
 
 which was not delivered until he was dead. In the riots 
 of July, 1830, for love of the duchess, he saved the life of 
 M. de Maufrigneuse [The Secrets of the Princess of Cadig- 
 nan, z\ 
 
 Christemio, a creole, the foster-father of Paquita Valdes, 
 who constituted himself her protector, and became her 
 body-guard. The Marquise de San-Real had him killed 
 for assisting the intimacy between Paquita and de Marsay 
 [The Girl with Golden Eyes, ds, II.]. 
 
 Christophe, originally from Savoy. A servant of Mme. 
 Vauquer, Rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve, Paris, in 1819 \ he 
 attended Goriot's funeral with Rastignac only, accompanying 
 the corpse to Pere-Lachaise in the priest's carriage [Father 
 Goriot, G\. 
 
 Cibot, called Galope-Chopine, also called the Great Cibot. 
 A Chouan mixed up in the insurrection in Brittany, 1799; 
 he was beheaded by his cousin Cibot, called Pille-Miche, and 
 Marche-a-Terre, for having unknowingly allowed the Blues to 
 learn the position of the '^Brigands" [The Chouans, JB]. 
 
 Cibot, Barbette, the wife of Cibot, called Galope-Chopine. 
 She went to the Blues, after learning of the death of her 
 husband, and devoted her son, then quite a child, to the 
 Republican cause, out of revenge [The Chouans, J5]. 
 
 Cibot, Jean, called Pille-Miche, one of the Chouans of 
 the insurrection in Brittany, 1799 ; the cousin of Cibot, called 
 Galope-Chopine, and his murderer. This was the same Pille- 
 Miche who with a gunshot killed Adjutant Gerard, of the 
 72d demi-brigade, at la Vivetiere [The Chouans, JS\. He was 
 noted among his accomplices for his hardihood, in the sec- 
 ond affair of the " Brigands," that of the Chauffeurs of Mor- 
 tagne. He was tried and executed in 1809 [The Seamy Side 
 of History, T\ 
 
 Cibot, born in 1786. From 181 8 to 1845 he was a tailor- 
 janitor in a house on the Rue de Normandie, belonging to 
 Claude-Joseph Pillerault, and where lived, at the time of 
 
110 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Louis-Philippe, the two musicians Pons and Schmucke. 
 Poisoned by the junk-dealer, Remonencq, Cibot died at his 
 post, the same day as did Sylvain Pons, in April, 1845 [Cousin 
 Pons, QC\. 
 
 Cibot, Madame. See Remonencq, Madame. 
 
 Cicognara, a Roman cardinal, 1758, the patron of Zam- 
 binella, the castrated singer. He caused Sarrasine to be assas- 
 sinated as he was about to kill Zambinella [Sarrasine, ds^ II.]. 
 
 Cinq-Cygne, the name of an illustrious family of Cham- 
 pagne, the youngest branch of the Chargeboeufs : these two 
 branches of the same tree had one common origin in the 
 Duineffs, of the old Frank race. The name of Cinq-Cygne* 
 was given them for the defense of the castle, in the absence of 
 their father, by five daughters, all remarkably fair complex- 
 ioned. On the blazon of the Cinq-Cygnes they had placed 
 for device the response made by the eldest of the five sisters 
 when summoned to surrender : We die singing ! [A Historical 
 Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Cinq-Cygne, Comtesse de, mother of Laurence de Cinq- 
 Cygne. A widow at the time of the Revolution, she died 
 from an increased attack of nervous fever, after an assault by 
 the populace on her castle, at Troyes, 1793 [A Historical 
 Mystery, j(f]. 
 
 Cinq-Cygne, Marquis de, the name of Adrien d'Hau- 
 teserre after his marriage to Laurence de Cinq-Cygne. See 
 Hauteserre, Adrien d'. 
 
 Cinq-Cygne, Laurence, Comtesse, then Marquise de, 
 born in 1781. Orphaned of father and mother at twelve 
 years of age, she lived, at the close of the eighteenth century 
 and the opening of the nineteenth, with her guardian and 
 relation, M. d'Hauteserre, at Cinq-Cygne, Aube ; she was 
 beloved by her two cousins, Paul-Marie and Marie-Paul de 
 Simeuse, and by the youngest son of her guardian, Adrien 
 d'Hauteserre, the latter of whom she married in 1813. Lau- 
 * Five swans. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. Ill 
 
 rence de Cinq-Cygne struggled valiantly against the cunning 
 and redoubtable police imbued with the soul of Corentin. 
 The King of France had at once approved the arms of the 
 Comte de Champagne, by virtue of which the family of Cinq- 
 Cygne '' were ennobled in succession " ; the husband of Lau- 
 rence took the name and blazon of his wife. Although an 
 ardent Royalist she nevertheless sought the Emperor just be- 
 fore the battle of Jena, 1806, to ask of him the pardon of 
 the two Simeuses and the two Hauteserres, implicated in a 
 political trial and condemned, in spite of their innocence, to 
 hard labor. Her audacity was successful. The Marquise de 
 Cinq-Cygne gave two children to her husband, Paul and 
 Berthe. This family passed the winter at Paris, in a noble 
 mansion situated in the faubourg du Roule* [A Historical 
 Mystery, /yj. In 1832 Mme. de Cinq-Cygne, on the request 
 of the archbishop of Paris, consented to pay a visit to the 
 Princesse de Cadignan, who had reformed [The Secrets of the 
 Princess of Cadignan, ^\ In 1836 Mme. de Cinq-Cygne 
 was a frequent visitor of Mme. de la Chanterie [The Seamy 
 Side of History, T\ Under the Restoration, and chiefly 
 under Charles X., Mme. de Cinq-Cygne exercised a sort of 
 sovereignty in the department of the Aube, more so than the 
 Comte de Gondreville, by means of her alliances and her liber- 
 ality throughout the country. Some time after the death of 
 Louis XVIII. she had Francois Michu appointed president of 
 the tribunal at Arcis [The Deputy for Arcis, JDJ)]. 
 
 Cinq-Cygne, Jules de, the only brother of Laurence de 
 Cinq-Cygne. He emigrated at the commencement of the 
 Revolution, and died at Mayence, for the Royalist cause [A 
 Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Cinq-Cygne, Paul de, son of Laurence de Cinq-Cygne 
 and of Adrien d'PIauteserre ; he became marquis after the 
 death of his father [A Historical Mystery, ff^ 
 
 * A portion of the actual faubourg Saint-Honor^, between the Rue dq 
 la Boetie and 1' Avenue de Wagram. 
 
112 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Cinq-Cygne, Berthe de. See Maufrigneuse, Madame 
 Georges de. 
 
 Ciprey, of Provins, Seine-et-Marne. Nephew of the ma- 
 ternal grandmother of Pierrette Lorrain ; he formed a part of 
 the family council which assembled, in 1828, to decide whether 
 that young girl should remain under . the guardianship of 
 Denis Rogron ; the council replaced Rogron by Auffray the 
 notary, and appointed Ciprey guardian-surrogate [Pier- 
 rette, i\ 
 
 Claes-Molina, Balthazar, Comte de Nourho; born at 
 Douai* in 1761 ; died, in the same town, 1832 ; the issue of a 
 celebrated family of Flemish weavers, allied, under Philippe 
 IL, to a very noble Spanish family. He married, 1795, Jo- 
 sephine de Temninck, of Brussels, and lived happily with her 
 till 1809, at which time a Polish officer, Adam de Wierzch- 
 ownia, a refugee and guest of Claes, read to him a treatise 
 on the unity of metals. From this time, Balthazar, who had 
 made a study of chemistry with Lavoisier, became exclusively 
 engaged in the ** Quest of the Absolute " ; he consumed seven 
 millions in experiments, and allowed his wife to die of vexa- 
 tion. From 1820 to 1852 he was tax-collector in Brittany, 
 the functions of which were performed by his eldest daughter, 
 and which post had been secured in order to draw him from 
 his fruitless studies. She reestablished the fortunes of the 
 family during that period. Balthazar Claes died, all but a 
 lunatic, shouting " Eureka" [The Quest of the Absolute, _!>]. 
 
 Claes, Josephine de Temninck, Madame, wife of Balthazar 
 Claes; born at Brussels in 1770; died at Douai, 1816; of 
 Spanish descent on her mother's side, she was usually called 
 
 * This country has kept the appearance, costumes, and manners dear to 
 Balthazar Claes Molina — they have f^tes at Gayant, and pass the summer 
 at Orchies. Douai still contains — the most notable being St. Pierre's 
 church — a number of ancient gable-roofed houses, with iron-shuttered, old- 
 fashioned windows. The d'Esquerchin, the Rue de Paris, the Place 
 Saint-Jacques still exist as they were in his time. 
 
COMEDJE HUMAINE. 113 
 
 Pepita. Little, crooked, lame, with thick black hair and 
 ardent eyes. She bore her husband four children : Marguerite, 
 Felicie, Gabriel (or Gustave), and Jean-Balthazar. She pas- 
 sionately loved her husband ; so she died from chagrin, seeing 
 that his whole life was devoted to scientific experiments [The 
 Quest of the Absolute, X>]. Mme. Claes counted among her 
 relations the Evangelistas of Bordeaux [A Marriage Settle- 
 ment, ad\. 
 
 Claes, Marguerite, eldest daughter of Balthazar Claes 
 and Josephine de Temninck ; born in 1801 [The Quest of the 
 Absolute, jy\. See Pierquin, Madame. 
 
 Claes, Gabriel, or Gustave, third child of Balthazar 
 Claes and Josephine de Temninck; born about 1802. He 
 was a student at Douai College, afterward entering the Poly- 
 technic, becoming an engineer of bridges and roads; he mar- 
 ried, 1825, Mademoiselle Conyncks, of Cambrai [The Quest 
 of the Absolute, 2>]. 
 
 Claes, Jean-Balthazar, the last-born of Balthazar Claes 
 and Josephine de Temninck ; born in the early years of the 
 nineteenth century [The Quest of the Absolute, J)]. 
 
 Clagny, J.-B. de, king's-counsel at Sancerre, 1836. The 
 passionate admirer of Dinah de la Baudraye, he was sent to 
 Paris, afterward returning from that place; he became, in 
 succession, sub-attorney-general, attorney-general, and finally 
 attorney-general of the Court of Cassation. He looked after 
 and protected that wayward woman, and consented to stand 
 as godfather for the child she had by Lousteau [Muse of 
 the Department, CC\ 
 
 Clagny, Madame de, wife of the foregoing. She was, to 
 follow M. Gravier's words, **ugly enough to put a young Cos- 
 sack to flight," in 1814; Mme. de Clagny attended Mme. de 
 la Baudraye's receptions [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Claparon, an employe in the office of the minister of the 
 interior, under the Republic and the Empire ; a friend of 
 Bridau senior ; after his death he continued in friendship with 
 
114 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Mme. Bridau; through their mother he was devoted to 
 Philippe and Joseph. Claparon died in 1820 [A Bachelor's 
 Establishment, J"\. 
 
 Claparon, Charles, son of the foregoing, born about 
 1790; business man and banker;* at one time a drummer ; 
 one of du Tillet's auxiliaries in his operations of doubtful 
 honesty. He was invited to the famous ball given by Cesar 
 Birotteau to celebrate his nomination to the Legion of Honor 
 and the freedom of the soil of France from the foreign 
 soldiery [A Bachelor's Establishment, J — Cesar Birot- 
 teau, O]. In 1821, at the Bourse, Paris, he made a singular 
 deal with the cashier Castanier, who transmitted in exchange 
 for his, his own personality, the power for which he had received 
 from an Englishman, John Melmoth [Melmoth Recon- 
 ciled, 6?]. Mixed up in Nucingen's third failure, which made 
 the fortune of that Alsacian banker, 1826, and whose *'man 
 of straw" he was at that time [The Firm of Nucingen, f]. 
 A partner of Cerizet's, betrayed by him in the matter of the 
 sale of a house to Thuillier, absolutely *'done up," as regarded 
 Paris, he embarked for America about 1840. He was prob- 
 ably condemned as an absconding, fraudulent bankrupt [A 
 Man of Business, I — The Middle Classes, ee]. 
 
 Clapart, an employe at the prefecture of the Seine, under 
 the Restoration, at a salary of twelve thousand francs; born 
 about 1776. He married a widow, about 1803, Madame 
 Husson, aged twenty-two ; he was at that time an employe in 
 the Bureau of Finance at a salary of eighteen hundred francs 
 and had hopes ; but his incapacity kept him on the secondary 
 rungs of the ladder. At the fall of the Empire, he lost his 
 situation and obtained a new engagement on the recom- 
 mendation of Comte de Serizy. Mme. Husson had a son by 
 her first husband, who was Clapart's b^te noire. The house- 
 hold occupied, in 1822, a suite of rooms at two hundred and 
 
 * Rue de Provence, which at that time ended at the Rue de la Chaussee- 
 d'Antin. 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 115 
 
 fifty francs rental at No. 7 Rue de la Cerisaie. After retiring 
 from the bureau he was often visited by Poiret senior. Clapart 
 was killed July 28, 1833, <^"^ °^ ^"^^ vic'tims of Fieschi's 
 infernal machine [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Clapart, Madame, wife of the above ; born in 1780. One 
 of the " Aspasias " of the Directory, she was famous by 
 reason of her intimacy with one of the '' Pentarques." She 
 married the contractor Husson, who made millions, but who 
 was suddenly ruined by the First Consul and committed 
 suicide in 1802. At this time she was the mistress of Moreau, 
 the steward of M. de Serizy ; this Moreau, who dearly loved 
 her, wished to marry her, but he was under sentence of death, 
 and took to flight. In her distress she married Clapart, an 
 employe in the Bureau of Finance. Mme. Clapart had one 
 son by her first marriage, whom she cherished, but whose youth- 
 ful escapades caused her continual torment. Mme. Clapart, 
 under the first Empire, was a lady-in-waiting to Madame 
 Mere — Loetitia Bonaparte [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Clara, Dona, Spanish, the mother of Don Fernand, Due 
 de Soria, and Don Felipe, Baron de Macumer [Letters of Two 
 Brides, v\. 
 
 Clarimbault, Marechal de, maternal grandfather of 
 Mme. de Beauseant. He married the daughter of Chevalier 
 de Rastignac, great-uncle of Eugene de Rastignac [Father 
 Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Claude, a cretin; died in 1829, in the village of the Dau- 
 phine, administered to and metamorphosed by Dr. Benassis 
 [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Claudine, the nickname of Mademoiselle Chaffaroux, 
 more commonly known by the name of TuUia, who became 
 Madame du Bruel. 
 
 Clef-des-Cceurs, La, a soldier in the 72d demi-brigade, 
 commanded by Hulot ; killed by the Chouans, at la Vivetiere, 
 about the end of 1799 [The Chouans, J5]. 
 
 Cleretti, an architect, Paris, was the fashion in 1843, 
 
116 COMPENDIUM 
 
 and against whom Grindot struggled at this time [Cousin 
 Betty, w\. 
 
 Clergeot, head of a division in the Bureau of Finance, 
 1824-1825 [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Clerget, Basine, a laundress at Angouleme under the 
 Restoration. She succeeded Mme. Prieur, the place where 
 Eve Chardon worked. Basine Clerget kept David Sechard in 
 hiding the while Kolb, the Alsacian, David's faithful servant, 
 was pursued by the Cointet brothers [Lost Illusions, 3^]. 
 
 Clotilde, one of the celebrities of the opera under Louis 
 XV.; was for a short time the mistress of Sarrasine the sculp- 
 tor [Sarrasine, ds^ II.]. 
 
 Clousier, an old barrister of Limoges ; justice of the peace 
 at Montegnac since 1809. He was friendly with Mme. 
 Graslin when she went to take up her abode in that commune 
 about 1830. He was a man of integrity and calm strength ; 
 he ended by living the life of the ancient contemplative soli- 
 taires [The Country Parson, JP]. 
 
 Cochegrue, Jean, a Chouan, who died of wounds received 
 in the battle at la Pelerine, or at the siege of Fougeres, 1799. 
 Abbe Gudin said a mass in the woods in honor of Jean Coche- 
 grue, Nicolas Laferte, Joseph Brouet, Francois Parquoi, and 
 Sulpice Coupiau, all, like himself, killed by the Blues [The 
 Chouans, J5]. 
 
 Cochegrue, Father, a farmer and rough mason, who 
 died in the time of the Chauffeurs, through having his feet 
 severely burned in order to make him give up his money [The 
 Country Parson, JP]. 
 
 Cochet, FRAN901SE, Havre; Modeste Mignon's maid in 
 1829. She received the answers to the letters addressed by 
 Modeste to Canalis. She had also served Bettina-Caroline, 
 Modeste's eldest sister, with equal fidelity, and had been 
 taken by her to Paris [Modeste Mignon, 'K.\ 
 
 Cochin, Emile-Louis-Lucien-Emmanuel, an employe in 
 the Bureau of Finance, in Clergeot's division, under the 
 
COMEDIE HVMAINE. 117 
 
 Restoration. He had a brother who protected him in the 
 government. Cochin was also employed at this time as a 
 bookkeeper in the drug firm of Matifat's ; Colleville discov- 
 ered the anagram of Cochin, together with his Christian name, 
 to be Cochenille. Cochin and his wife enjoyed the Birotteaus' 
 society and attended the famous ball given by the perfumer, 
 December 17, 1818. In 1840 Cochin became baron, and 
 was, according to Anselme Popinot, the oracle of the Lom- 
 bard and Bourdon nais quarters [Cesar Birotteau, O — Les 
 Employes, cc — The Firm of Nucingen, t — The Middle 
 Classes, 6^]. 
 
 Cochin, Adolphe, son of the foregoing ; an employe in 
 the Bureau of Finance, the same as had been his father for a 
 great many years. In 1826 his parents sought for him the 
 hand of Mademoiselle Matifat [Cesar Birotteau, O — The 
 Firm of Nucingen, f]. 
 
 Coeur-la-Virole, at the Conciergerie, in 1830, the death- 
 watch over Theodore Calvi, who was sentenced to be executed 
 [The Harlot's Progress, Z\ 
 
 Coffinet, janitor in 1840 of a house situated on the Rue 
 Saint-Dominique-d'Enfer, Paris, owned by Mile. Thuillier. 
 His superior utilized his help on the "• Echo de la Bievre " at 
 the time when Louis-Jerome Thuillier became the publisher 
 of that sheet [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Coffinet, Madame, wife of the preceding. She had 
 charge of Theodose de la Peyrade's household [The Middle 
 Classes, ee\ 
 
 Cognet, a tavernkeeper at Issoudun, between the Rue des 
 Minimes and Place Misere, under the Restoration. The host 
 of the *' Knights of Idlesse," headed by Maxence Gilet ; an 
 old groom, born about 1767 ; a squat, little man, submissive 
 to his wife ; blind, he often repeated the expression that he 
 could see things with half-an-eye [A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, tT\ 
 
 Cognet, Madame, called Mother Cognette, wife of the 
 
118 COMPENDIUM 
 
 foregoing, born about 1783. An old cook in a good house, 
 chosen on account of her culinary skill, a "cordon bleu," to 
 be the Leonarde of the order of which Maxence Gilet was 
 the chief. A tall, very brown woman, with an intelligent, 
 mocking manner [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Cointet, Boniface, the owner, with his brother Jean, of a 
 prosperous printing-house. By law proceedings he ruined 
 David Sechard, the printer. Boniface Cointet, the eldest of 
 the brothers, was usually called the ''Big Cointet"; he was 
 very religious. Having a fortune of many millions, he became 
 deputy, peer of France, and minister of commerce in a com- 
 bination ministry under Louis-Philippe. In 1842 he married 
 Mademoiselle Popinot, daughter of Anselme Popinot [Lost 
 Illusions, iV— The Firm of Nucingen, t\ May 28, 1839, 
 he presided over the Chamber of Deputies, when the election 
 of Sallenauve was declared valid [The Deputy for Arcis, EJEJ]. 
 
 Cointet, Jean, younger brother of the foregoing ; called 
 the *' Fat Cointet " ; the practical partner in the printery, his 
 elder brother taking the ''business" part. Jean Cointet 
 passed for being a good-fellow and was the Liberal of the 
 firm [Lost Illusions, JV]. 
 
 Colas, Jacques, a consumptive child in a village in the 
 environs of Grenoble ; cared for by Dr. Benassis. Endowed 
 with a very pure voice, his passion was to sing. He lived with 
 his mother, who was very poor. He died at the age of fifteen, 
 toward the latter part of the year 1829, shortly after the death 
 of the doctor, his benefactor. The nephew of an old laborer 
 named Moreau [The Country Doctor, C]. 
 
 CoUeville, the son of a talented musician, formerly the 
 first violin at the opera, under Francoeur and Rebel ; he him- 
 self being first clarionet at the Opera-Comique, at the same 
 time being a principal clerk in the Bureau of Finance, and, 
 beside all, bookkeeper for a merchant during the hours of 
 seven to nine in the morning. A great maker of anagrams. 
 He was appointed sub-chief under Baudoyer in his office when 
 
comAdie humaine. lid 
 
 that person became chief of a division ; six months later he 
 became a tax-collector in Paris. In 1832 he was secretary to 
 the mayor of the twelfth arrondissement and an ofiicer in the 
 Legion of Honor; Colleville then lived with his wife and 
 children on the Rue d'Enfer, at the corner of the Rue des 
 Deux-Eglises.* He was the intimate friend of Thuillier 
 [Les Employes, cc — The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Colleville, Flavie Minoret, Lady. Born in 1798; wife 
 of the preceding, daughter of a famous dancer and possibly 
 of M. du Bourguier. Married for love, she had, from 181 6 
 to 1826, five children, who, it was plain to be seen, were each 
 by a different father : 
 
 ist. A girl, born in 1815, who resembled Colleville. 
 
 2d. A son, Charles, destined for a military career; born at 
 the time of his mother's intimacy with Charles de Gondre- 
 ville, a sub-lieutenant in the Saint-Chamans Dragoons. 
 
 3d. A son, Francois, intended for commercial pursuits; 
 born during Madame Colleville's intimacy with Frangois 
 Keller, the banker. 
 
 4th. A daughter, Celeste, born in 1821, of whom Thuillier, 
 Colleville's most intimate friend, was the godfather and — 
 father in pariibus. 
 
 5th. A son, Theodore, ''the gift of God," or Anatole, 
 gotten in a time of religious fervor. Madame Colleville was a 
 piquant Parisian, amiable and pretty, as well as clever and. 
 spirituelle — she made her husband very happy: she longed 
 for his advancement. In the interest of her ambition she had 
 at one time, '*out of kindness," been good to the secretary- 
 general, Chardin des Lupeaulx. Every Wednesday she '' re- 
 ceived " artists and distinguished men of every kind [Les 
 Employes, cc — Cousin Betty, w — The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Colleville, Celeste, fourth child of M. and Mme. Colle- 
 ville. See Phellion, Madame Felix. 
 
 * The Rue d'Enfer is at the present time the Rue Denfert-Rochereau, 
 and the Rue des Deux-Eglises is the Rue de I'Abbe de Epee. 
 
120 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Colliau, during Lucien de Rubempre's first sojourn in 
 Paris, furnished the lover of Coralie with his underwear, hab- 
 erdashery, and toilet articles [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, M.\ 
 
 Collin, Jacques; born in 1799. Brought up by Oratorian 
 fathers, he pursued his studies as far as rhetoric ; he was then 
 placed by his aunt, Jacqueline Collin, in a banking-house; 
 but, being accused of a crime, probably committed by Fran- 
 chessini, he took flight. He was shortly after this sent to the 
 hulks, where he remained from iSioto 1815, when he escaped 
 and went to Paris, where he stayed, under the name of Vau- 
 trin, at Mme. Vauquer's boarding-house; he there knew Ras- 
 tignac, who was then a youth ; he interested himself in him, 
 and gave him the advice to marry Victorine Taillefer, for 
 whom he had procured a wealthy marriage-portion when her 
 brother was killed in a duel by Franchessini — brought about 
 by him. Arrested in 1819 by Bibi-Lupin, chief of the detec- 
 tive police, he was reconveyed to the hulks, whence he escaped 
 anew in 1820, reappearing in Paris under the name of Carlos 
 Herrera, a honorary canon of the chapter of Toledo. He 
 saved Lucien de Rubempre from suicide, and took that young 
 poet's life under his own direction ; deemed guilty with him 
 of having assassinated Esther Gobseck, who had really poi- 
 soned herself, Jacques Collin was acquitted of the charge, and 
 became, 1830, chief of the detective police under the name of 
 Saint-Esteve. He was in this position in 1845. With his 
 twelve thousand francs from his appointments and three hun- 
 dred thousand francs he inherited from Lucien de Rubempre, 
 he manufactured a green leather at Gentilly ; Jacques Collin 
 v/as very wealthy [Father Goriot, 6r — A Distinguished Pro- 
 vincial at Paris, J/ — The Harlot's Progress, IT, Z — The 
 Deputy for Arcis, Z>X>]. Beside the pseudonym of Monsieur 
 Jules, under which he was known to Catherine Goussard, he 
 took the English name of William Barker, a creditor of 
 Georges d'Estourny. Under that name he trapped the wily 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 121 
 
 Cerizet and made him endorse the acceptances of that man of 
 affairs. He was also called " Trompe-la-Mort." 
 
 Collin, Jacqueline, aimt of Jacques Collin, who had been 
 raised by her; born in Java. In her youth she had been 
 Marat's mistress ; afterward was the same to Duvignon the 
 chemist, condemned to death, in 1790, for counterfeiting; 
 while intimate with him she acquired her dangerous toxico- 
 logical knowledge. A dealer in second-hand clothing from 
 1800 to 1805, she served two years in prison — 1806 to 1808 — 
 for having sold minor girls into debauchery. From 1824 to 
 1830 Mile. Collin was of great assistance in Jacques' adven- 
 turous and lawless life — then called Vautrin. She excelled in 
 making disguises. In 1839 she conducted a matrimonial bu- 
 reau, on the Rue de Provence, under the name of Madame 
 Saint-Esteve. She often assumed the name of Mme. Nour- 
 risson, her friend, who, under Louis-Philippe, made a pre- 
 tense of being in trade, but who really made loans on goods, 
 Rue Neuve-Saint-Marc* She was in communication with 
 Victorin Hulot, and on whose account she brought about the 
 death of Mme. Marneffe, his father's mistress, then Crevel's wife. 
 Under the name of Asia, Jacqueline Collin made an excellent 
 cook to Esther Gobseck, whom she, by Vautrin's instructions, 
 kept under surveillance [The Harlot's Progress, T, Z — Cousin 
 Betty, w — The Unconscious Mummers, li\. 
 
 Collinet, a renowned musician, director of the orchestra 
 at the famous ball given by Cesar Birotteau, Sunday, Decem- 
 ber 17, 1818 [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Collinet, a grocer at Arcis-sur-Aube, under Louis-Philippe, 
 an elector belonging to the Liberal party under the leader- 
 ship of Colonel Giguet [The Deputy for Arcis, JDJ)]. 
 
 Collinet, Francois-Joseph, a wholesale trader of Nantes. 
 He failed in 181 4 through the great political changes, leaving 
 for America in 1814; he returned in 1824, quite wealthy, and 
 
 * It was shortened to Rue Saint-Marc. The Rue Neuve-Saint-Marc 
 ran from the Rue Richelieu to Place BoTeldieu. 
 
 '^^^•'^-^'^-^^^^^^ \fH^ ht^-'P'^^tiU^^I^^ 
 
122 COMPENDIUM 
 
 was rehabilitated. Through him M. and Mme. Lorrain, little 
 retailers, of Pen Hoel, had lost eighty thousand francs. (They 
 were Major Lorrain's father and mother.) On his return to 
 France he conveyed to Madame Lorrain, then a widow, and 
 almost a septuagenarian, the whole amount of the capital and 
 interest [Pierrette, t]. 
 
 Colonna, an old Italian living at Genoa, at the end of the 
 eighteenth century. He raised Luigi Porta, under the name of 
 Colonna, and as his son ; since the age of six years and until 
 he entered the army he had borne this name [The Vendetta, i]. 
 
 Coloquinte, the nickname of a pensioner; office mes- 
 senger on Finot's newspaper, 1820. He made the campaign 
 in Egypt, and lost an arm at the battle of Montmirail [A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, J — A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, M.\ 
 
 Colorat, Jerome, a keeper on Mme. Graslin's estates at 
 Montegnac ; born at Limoges. An old soldier of the Empire, 
 an ex-quartermaster in the Royal Guards ; he had also been 
 M. de Navarreins' keeper, and had been of service to Mme. 
 Graslin [The Country Parson, F\ 
 
 Combabus, the nickname given by the artists and men of 
 letters to Montez de Montejanos, who, according to RoUin's 
 *' Ancient History," watched over the wife of a king of 
 Abyssinia, Persia, Bactriana, and Mesopotamia [Cousin 
 Betty, w\ 
 
 Constance, Madame de Restaud's chambermaid in 1819. 
 By Constance's means Father Goriot knew all that passed in 
 the home of his eldest daughter. Constance was sometimes 
 called Victoire ; she took money to her mistress from Goriot 
 when she needed it [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Constant de Rebecque, Benjamin, born at Lausanne 
 in 1767; died at Paris, December 8, 1830. Toward the end 
 of 1 82 1 Benjamin Constant is found in the store of the pub- 
 lisher and bookseller, Dauriat, Palais-Royal,* when Lucien de 
 * In the " Wooden Galleries." 
 
comAdie nUMAI^E. 123 
 
 Rubempre entered with his noble head and spiritud eyes 
 [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, il[f ]. 
 
 Constant, Napoleon's valet, who served his master's 
 dinner in an old hut in Prussia, October 13, 1806, the day- 
 previous to the battle of Jena, at the time when Mile, de 
 Cinq-Cygne went from France to see the Emperor, and 
 where she was introduced to him [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Constantin, a Pole. Comte and Comtesse Laginski's 
 coachman, Paris, 1836 ; Thaddee Pas was the major-domo of 
 their house and could always count on him [The Imaginary 
 Mistress, li\. 
 
 Contenson. See Tours-Minieres, Bernard-Polydor Bry- 
 ond, des. 
 
 Conti, Gennaro, a musical composer; of Neapolitan 
 origin, but born at Marseilles. Mademoiselle des Touches* 
 (Camille Maupin) lover in 1821-22; afterward he had as 
 mistress the Marquise de Rochefide [Lost Illusions, ^—Bea- 
 trix, ^]. He was a most accomplished singer. In 1839, at 
 the home of Rastignac, minister for public works, he sang 
 the celebrated aria " Pria che spunti I'aurora"; then, with 
 Luigia, a duet from '* Semiramide," the "Bella imago" 
 [The Deputy for Arcis, X>J)]. 
 
 Conyncks, a family of Bruges, who had a maternal ascend- 
 ency over Marguerite Claes ; this young girl, in 1812, when 
 sixteen years of age, was the living image of a Conyncks, 
 her grandfather, whose portrait hung in the home of Balthazar 
 Claes. A Conyncks, also of Bruges, but for a long time 
 located at Cambrais, great-uncle to Balthazar Claes' children, 
 was appointed their guardian-surrogate after the death of 
 Mme. Claes. He had a daughter who married Gabriel Claes 
 [The Quest of the Absolute, 1>]. 
 
 Coquart, copying-clerk to Judge Camusot de Marville, 
 Paris, 1830. Coquart had not seen twenty-two summers at 
 this time [The Harlot's Progress, T^ Z\ 
 
 Coquelin, M. and Madame, hardware dealers, successors 
 
124 COMPENDIUM 
 
 to Claude-Joseph Pillerault in a warehouse on the Qua! de 
 la Ferraille,* at the ** Golden Bell." He was invited to 
 the famous ball given by Cesar Birotteau, December 17, 1818. 
 Before receiving the formal invitation, Mme. Coquelin or- 
 dered a magnificent dress for that occasion [Cesar Birot- 
 teau, O]. 
 
 Coquet, chief of the bureau of the minister of war, Le- 
 brun's division, in 1838 ; Marneffe succeeded him. Coquet 
 was in the administration since 1809, and rendered excellent 
 service. He was married, and his wife was still living at the 
 time he retired [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Coralie, Mademoiselle, an actress at the Panorama-Dra- 
 raatique and the Gymnase theatres, Paris, under Louis XVIII. 
 Born in 1803, in the Catholic faith, she was nevertheless of 
 an Israelitish type in all its purity. She died August, 1822. 
 Sold, when fifteen, to young Henri de Marsay, of whom she 
 had a great horror, and being deserted by him, she was kept 
 by Camusot, who did not bother her. At the first sight of 
 Lucien de Rubempre she fell in love with him, and was de- 
 voted to him until she ceased to breathe. The acme of her 
 splendor and her decadence dated from this love. An origi- 
 nal skit by young Chardon made the success of " The Alcade 
 in a Fix," at the Marais, and was invaluable to Coralie, one 
 of the principal impersonators of the piece, gaining her an 
 engagement at the Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle at a salary of 
 twelve thousand francs ; she was there the victim of a cabal of 
 actors, in spite of the protection of Camille Maupin. At this 
 time she was living on the Rue de Vendome ;■!" then on the 
 Rue de la Lune, in an unpretentious lodging, where she died, 
 being cared for by her cousin Berenice. She had sold her 
 furniture to Cardot senior when she left the suite of rooms on 
 the Rue de Vendome, and, after this change in her location, 
 her old rooms were occupied by Florentine. Coralie was the 
 
 * Now the Quai de la M6gissere. 
 \ Now the Rue B^ranger. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 125 
 
 rival of Mme. Perrin, the creator of the part of '*Fanchon la 
 Vielleuse," and of Mile. Fleuriet, creator of ''Michel et 
 Christine,"* and whom she much resembled. Coralie's 
 funeral service was held at noon in the little church of Notre- 
 Dame de Bonne-Nouvelle, in the presence of the Cenacle — 
 less Michel Chrestien — Berenice, Mile, des Touches, and two 
 dancers from the Gymnase, of the actress* friends and Camu- 
 sot, who promised to purchase a freehold lot at Pere-Lachaise 
 for the interment of her body [A Start in Life, 5 — A Distin- 
 guished Provincial at Paris, JJT— A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, J'\ 
 
 Corbigny, De, prefect at Loir-et-Cher, 181 1. A friend 
 of Mme. de Stael, who was charged to place Louis Lambert 
 at Vendome College, at her expense ; he probably died in 
 181 2 [Louis Lambert, tf], 
 
 Corbinet, a notary at Soulanges, Bourgogne, 1823, and 
 formerly an old patron of Sibilet's. The Gravelots, lumber 
 merchants, were clients of his. Instructed by Comte de 
 Montcornet to sell his property, he explained the difficulty 
 of so doing. He is once designated by the name of Corbi- 
 neau [The Peasantry, _K]. 
 
 Corbinet, judge of the court at Ville-aux-Fayes, in 1823; 
 son of the notary Corbinet. He belonged, body and soul, to 
 the all-powerful mayor of that town [The Peasantry, JJ]. 
 
 Corbinet, an old captain, manager of the post-office at 
 Ville-aux-Fayes, 1823; brother of the notary Corbinet; he 
 was affianced to Sibilet's youngest daughter, then aged six- 
 teen [The Peasantry, _B]. 
 
 Corde-a-Puits, the nickname of a " rapin " of Chaudet's 
 study, under the Empire [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 * It was not Madame Perrin, a rival of Corahe's, who created " Fanchon 
 la Vielleuse," a vaudeville by Bouilly and Pain, but good Madame Bel- 
 mont. Dupin, one of the authors of " Michel and Christine," is dead. He 
 died at the same lime as the last sheet of this Compendium was on the 
 press. 
 
126 COMPENDIUM 
 
 
 Corentin, born at Vendome in ^^^ffi', an agent of the 
 police, choke-full of genius ; a pupil of Peyrade's, the same 
 as Louis David was of Vien. He was in Fouche's favor and 
 probably his natural son; in 1799 he accompanied Mile, de 
 Verneuil, sent to seduce and deliver up Alphonse de Mon- 
 tauran, the young Breton chief, in that uprising against the 
 Republic. For two years Corentin was attached to that 
 strange girl, like a serpent to a tree [The Chouans, jB]. In 
 1803, commissioned, with his master, Peyrade, to accomplish 
 a difficult task in the department of I'Aube, he got a fair tit- 
 for-tat from Mile, de Cinq-Cygne ; he was surprised by her at 
 the moment when he was forcing a cabinet ; he received a 
 sharp blow from her riding-whip ; for this he vowed a cruel 
 revenge and implicated the Simeuses and Hauteserres, in spite 
 of their innocence, in the abduction of Senator Malin. 
 About the same time he satisfactorily performed a mission to 
 Berlin, for the minister for foreign affairs, Talleyrand, who 
 felicitated him upon it [A Historical Mystery, ff\ From 
 1824 to 1830, Corentin had the terrible Jacques Collin, called 
 Vautrin, as an adversary, and caused tlie fatal miscarriage of 
 his plans in favor of Lucien de Rubempre. It was Coren- 
 tin who made impossible the marriage of that ambitious youth 
 with Clotilde de Grandlieu, and caused, as a consequence, the 
 death of that ** Distinguished Provincial at Paris." About 
 May, 1830, he vegetated at Passy, Rue des Vignes [The 
 Harlot's Progress, !F]. Under Charles X., Corentin was 
 chief of the political police opposed to the Chateau [Vautrin's 
 Last Avatar, z\. For more than thirty years he lived on the 
 Rue Honore-Chevalier under the name of M. du Portail. 
 Since the death of his friend Peyrade, he had housed the 
 daughter of the old detective, Lydie ; about 1840 she was' 
 espoused to Theodose de la Peyrade, a nephew of Peyrade's, 
 after being beaten in his audacious projects in trying to obtain 
 the hand of Celeste Colleville, who had an enormous portion. 
 Corentin (M. du Portail) initiated his adopted son-in-law 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 127 
 
 into the high policy of his secret occupation [The Middle 
 Classes, ee\. 
 
 Coret, AuGUSTiN, a petty clerk in Bordin's, the attorney, 
 office, 1806 [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Cormon, Rose-Marie- Vici'oire, Mademoiselle. See 
 Bousquier, Madame du. 
 
 Cornevin, an old Percheron, foster-father of Olympe 
 Michaud, 7iee Charel. He had been a Chouan in 1794 and 
 1799. In 1823 he served Michaud as a domestic in his house- 
 hold [The Peasantry, JK]. 
 
 Cornoiller, Antoine, a game-keeper at Saumur ; married 
 the great Manon, aged fifty-nine, after the death of Grandet, 
 about 1827; he became keeper-steward of the estates and 
 property of Eugenie Grandet [Eugenie Grandet, JEl^ 
 
 Cornoiller, Madame. See Nanon. 
 
 Corret, a partner in the banking firm founded by Mme. 
 des Grassins, at Saumur, in the absence of M. des Grassins, 
 who had gone to Paris, and of which he did not know until 
 his return [Eugenie Grandet, ^]. 
 
 Cottereau, a celebrated smuggler, one of the heads of 
 the Breton insurrection. In 1799, at la Vivetiere, during a 
 very violent altercation, he threatened the Marquis de Mon- 
 tauran, who had made submission to the First Consul, without 
 receiving any advantages as a recompense for seven years of 
 devotion to the*' good cause." *'Mymen and myself, we 
 are devilishly importunate creditors," said he. slapping his 
 stomach. One of the three brothers of Jean Cottereau, 
 whose nickname of *' Chouan" was taken by all the insur- 
 gents of the West against the Republic [The Chouans, JB]. 
 
 Cottin, Marechal, Prince de Wissembourg, Due d'Or- 
 FANO, an old soldier of the Republic and the Empire; min- 
 ister of war, 1841 ; born in 1771. A comrade-in-arms of 
 Marechal Hulot, and his friend, he was compelled to cause 
 him chagrin by taking notice of the malfeasance of the con- 
 tractor Hulot d'Ervy. Marechal Cottin, with Nucingen, was 
 
128 COMPENDIUM 
 
 the witness for Hortense Hulot when she married Wenceslas 
 Steinbock [Cousin Betty, ti;]. 
 
 Cottin, Francine, a Breton, of (probably) Fourgeres ; 
 born about 1773. Maid and confidant of Mile, de Verneuil, 
 who had been brought up by Francine's parents ; a playmate 
 in childhood of Marche-a-Terre, she managed, by exerting 
 her influence with the Chouan, to save the life of her mistress, 
 at the time of the massacre of the Blues at la Vivetiere, in 
 1799 [The Chouans, ^]. 
 
 Cottin, an old man ; servant of Madame de Dey, at Caren- 
 tan, Manche, 1793 [The Conscript, 6]. 
 
 Cottin, Brigitte, Madame de Dey's housekeeper; married 
 to Cottin, a servant in the same house. Both possessed their 
 mistress' full confidence and were devoted to her [The Con- 
 script, &]. 
 
 Coudrai, Du, the registrar of mortgages at Alengon, under 
 Louis XVIII. Received by Mile. Cormon and afterward by 
 M. du Bousquier, when he became the husband of ** the old 
 maid." One of the most amiable men of the town; there 
 were but two things against him : he had married an old 
 woman for her money, in the first place ; and, secondly, it 
 was his habit to make outrageous puns, at which he was the 
 first to laugh. He lost his place by voting on the wrong side 
 [Jealousies of a Country Town, AA']. 
 
 Coupiau, conductor for the carrier from Mayenne to Four- 
 gdres in 1799. In the struggle between the Blues and the 
 Chouans he took no part ; he looked to turn everything to his 
 own advantage ; he was allowed to steal, indeed without any 
 resistance from the *•' Brigands," the money in the State 
 strong boxes. Coupiau was surnamed Mene-a-Bien by the 
 Chouan Marche-a-Terre [The Chouans, JB]. 
 
 Coupiau, SuLPiCE, a Chouan, probably a relation of the 
 foregoing. Killed, in 1799, either at the battle at la Pelerine 
 or at the siege of Fougdres. See Jean Cochegrue [The Cho- 
 uans, jB]. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 129 
 
 Courand, Jenny, an artificial flower-maker, the mistress 
 of Felix Gaudissart, 1831 ; she then lived in Paris, Rue d'Ar- 
 tois, which became the Rue Laffitte [Gaudissart the Great, o\. 
 
 Courceuil, Felix, Alen^on, an old surgeon in the armies 
 of the Vendee rebels; in 1809 he furnished arms to the 
 '* Brigands." Implicated in that affair called the *' Chauffeurs 
 de Mortagne," and for contumacy was condemned to death 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Cournant, a notary of Provins, 1827; competitor to the 
 notary AufTray ; of the Opposition ; he possessed one of the 
 rarest libraries in that little town [Pierrette, i\ 
 
 Courtecuisse, game-keeper on the Aigues estate, Bour- 
 gogne, under the Empire and the Restoration, until 1823. 
 Born about 1777, he had at one time been in the employ of 
 Mile. Laguerre ; he was dismissed by General de Montcornet 
 for his negligence, and was replaced by three devoted and 
 vigilant keepers. Courtecuisse was a Utile man, with a face 
 like the full moon, which made one laugh to see it. He 
 claimed, when he quit, the sum of eleven hundred francs, 
 which he said were due him, but which his master refused 
 with a righteous indignation ; to avoid any scandal, this was 
 paid, to obviate any unjust trial. When dispossessed of his 
 place, he bought of Rigou, for two thousand francs, the little 
 domain of la Bachelerie, fenced inside the Aigues estate ; and 
 was tired out, without making any profit, in the working of 
 his land. Courtecuisse had a very pretty daughter, aged 
 eighteen, in 1823, who was at that time in the service of Mme. 
 Mariotte, at Auxerre. People gave him the nickname of 
 *'Courtebotte," or 'Mittle man" [The Peasantry, M\ 
 
 Courtecuisse, Madame, wife of the preceding; she 
 trembled before the usurer Gregoire Rigou, mayor of Blangy, 
 Bourgogne [The Peasantry, JK]. 
 
 Courtet, stockinger at Arcis-sur-Aube, 1839 [The Deputy 
 for Arcis, JDJ)]. 
 
 Courtevilles, The, a notable family of Douai, one of 
 9 
 
130 COMPENDIUM 
 
 whom, Maltre Pierquin the notary, once wished to become 
 the husband of Felicite Claes ; he boasted of attracting them 
 to his home, also the Magalhens and the Savarons de Savarus 
 [The Quest of the Absolute, 2>]. 
 
 Courteville, Madame de, cousin of Comte Octave de 
 Bauvan on the maternal side ; the widow of a judge in the 
 tribunal of the Seine ; she had a daughter of great beauty, 
 Amelie, whom the comte wished to marry to Maurice de 
 I'Hostal, his secretary [Honorine, A^]. 
 
 Courtois, a miller at Marsac, near Angouleme, under the 
 Restoration. In 182 1 people said that he would like to have 
 married the widow of a miller, aged thirty-six, his employer ; 
 this woman had one hundred thousand dollars in property. 
 David Sechard was advised by his father to ask the hand of 
 this rich widow. At the end of 1822, Courtois, then married, 
 received Lucien de Rubempre on his return from Paris, when 
 he was nearly dead [Lost Illusions, _^]. 
 
 Courtois, Madame, wife of the foregoing; she showed 
 tender care and pity for Lucien de Rubempre on his return 
 [Lost Illusions, N\ 
 
 Coussard, Laurent. See Goussard, Laurent. 
 
 Coutelier, a creditor of Maxime de Trailles. This note 
 Coutelier bought for five hundred francs through the 
 Claparon-Cerizet Company, mounted up to three thousand 
 two hundred francs, sixty-five centimes, capital, interest, and 
 costs ; it was recovered by Cerizet by means of a stratagem 
 worthy of Scapin [A Man of Business, V\. 
 
 Couture, a sort of financier-journalist of an equivocal 
 reputation; born about 1797. One of Mme. Schontz's first 
 friends; she alone remained faithful to him when he was 
 ruined by the downfall of the ministry of March i, 1840. 
 Couture could always find refuge at the courtesan's house, and 
 she, perhaps, would have liked him as her husband, but he 
 introduced to her Fabien du Ronceret and **the lorette " 
 married him. In 1836, with Finot and Blondet, he was in 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 181 
 
 the private dining-room of a celebrated restaurant, at the 
 *' delicate revel of gluttony," where was recounted by Jean- 
 Jacques Bixiou the origin of Nucingen's fortune. At the 
 time of the passing of his opulence Couture kept Jenny 
 Cadine in most brilliant style ; at that time he was noted for 
 his waiscoats. Without kindred ; he knew the widow Couture 
 [Beatrix, JP — The Firm of Nucingen, i\. The financier had 
 brought upon himself the hatred of Cerizet, for having caught 
 on to the affair of the buying of a property situated near the 
 Madeleine ; the matter in which Jerome Thuillier was mixed 
 up [The Middle Classes, ee\ 
 
 Couture, an attorney who worked with Fraisier at the 
 beginning of his career [Cousin Pons, a?]. 
 
 Couture, Madame, widow of an army commissary in the 
 French Republic ; a relation and protector of Mile. Victorine 
 Taillefer, with whom she lived, 1819, at Vauquer's boarding- 
 house [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Couturier, Abbe, curate at St. Leonard's church, Alen- 
 gon, under Louis XVIIL Director of the conscience of 
 Mile. Cormon ; he remained her confessor after her marriage 
 to du Bousquier and urged her on in the way of excessive 
 spiritual mortifications [Jealousies of a Country Town, AA\. 
 
 Cremiere, a tax-collector at Nemours, under the Restora- 
 tion. A nephew by marriage of Doctor Minoret, who had 
 procured him the position and gave his security; one of the 
 three collateral heirs of the old physician ; the two others 
 being Minoret-Levrault, post-horse master ; and the other a 
 clerk to the justice of the peace. In the strange radiations of 
 these four middle-class families of GStinais — the Minorets, 
 Massins, Levraults, and Cremieres — the tax-collector be- 
 longed to the Cremiere-Cremiere branch. He had a number 
 of children, among them one daughter named Angelique. 
 Became municipal councilor after the Revolution of July, 
 1830 [Ursule Mirouet, jBT]. 
 
 Cremiere, Madame, nee Massin-Massin, wife of the tax- 
 
132 t COMPENDIUM 
 
 collector Cremidre, niece of Dr. Minoret; that is to say, the 
 daughter of a sister of the old physician. A fat woman, with 
 a doubtful blonde complexion and a freckled face, who 
 passed for being educated because she read romances and 
 whose comical lapsus Imguce were wickedly carried about by 
 Goupil, the clerk to the notary, under the title of " Capsulin- 
 guettes " ; in fact, Mme. Cremiere translated these two words 
 as being Latin [Ursule Mirouet, S~\. 
 
 Cremiere-Dionis, always called Dionis. See the last 
 name. 
 
 Crevel, Celestin; born between 1786 and 1788; clerk to 
 Cesar Birotteau the perfumer ; then second clerk, and became 
 the first assistant when Popinot left the house for his own 
 establishment. In 1819, on the failure of his employer, he 
 bought the ** Queen of Roses" for five thousand seven hun- 
 dred francs, and became rich. Under the reign of Louis- 
 Philippe he lived on his income. A captain, then major in 
 the National Guard, an officer of the Legion of Honor, and 
 finally mayor of an arrondissement in Paris, he was a very 
 great personage. He married the daughter of a farmer of la 
 Brie ; became a widower in 1833, giving himself up to a life of 
 pleasure ; keeping Jos6pha, who was carried off from him by 
 his friend Baron Hulot ; he then tried to seduce Madame 
 Hulot for revenge, and ** protected " Heloise Brisetout. Fol- 
 lowing this he fSU in love with Mme. Marneffe ; he had her 
 for mistress, and afterward married her, when she became a 
 widow, in 1843. -^^ May of the same year, Crevel and his 
 wife died of a horrible disease, which had been communicated 
 to Valerie by a negro belonging to Montez, the Brazilian. 
 Crevel lived, in 1838, on the Rue des Saussaies; at this time 
 he also possessed a " little house " on the Rue du Dauphin,* 
 where he had arranged an apartment in which to secretly re- 
 ceive Mme. Marneffe ; he sold that little place to Maxime de 
 
 * Part of the actual Rue Saint-Roch, running from the Rue de RivoU 
 to the Rue St. Honor6. 
 
COMj&DIE HUMAINE. 133 
 
 Trailles. Crevel owned the following : a mansion on the Rue 
 Barbet de Jouy; the estate of Presles, bought from Mme. de 
 Serizy at a cost of three million francs. He was then nomi- 
 nated as a member of the council-general of the Seine-et-Oise. 
 He had by his first marriage an only daughter, Celestine, 
 who married Victorin Hulot [Cesar Birotteau, O — Cousin 
 Betty, w\ In 1844-45 Crevel owned a share in the con- 
 duct of the theatre of which Gaudissart was the manager 
 [Cousin Pons, 0C\. The star Crevel drew in his orbit his 
 satellite, Phileas Beauvisage [The Deputy for Arcis, i)X)]. 
 
 Crevel, Celestine, the issue of the foregoing by his first 
 marriage. See Hulot, Madame Victorin. 
 
 Crevel, Madame Celestin, nee Valerie Fortin, 181 5, 
 the natural daughter of Comte de Montcornet, marechal of 
 France ; married for the first time to Marneffe, an employ^ 
 in the War Bureau, where she fell, by his consent, to his chief, 
 and afterward similarly to Celestin Crevel. By Marneffe she 
 had a legitimate son, a meagre, wretched boy, named Stan- 
 islas. The intimate friend of Lisbeth Fischer, who employed 
 the irresistible charms of Valerie to satisfy her hate for her 
 rich relatives ; Mme. Marneffe at this time belonged to Mar- 
 neffe, Montez the Brazilian, Steinbock the Pole, Celestin 
 Crevel, and Baron Hulot ; to each of these men she said that 
 he was the father of her unborn child, of which she found 
 herself enceinte in 1841, and which died as soon as it was 
 brought into the world. During this period she was sur- 
 prised by the commissary of police in the *' little house" on 
 the Rue du Dauphin, belonging to Crevel ; Hector Hulot was 
 her companion in the bed. After living with Marneffe on 
 the Rue du Doyenne, the house in which Lisbeth Fischer 
 (Cousin Betty) also lived, she was installed by Baron Hulot 
 on the Rue Vaneau ; after that, by Crevel in a mansion on 
 the Rue Barbet-de-Jouy. She died in 1843, ^"^^ hours before 
 Crevel. She said she would try to "come round God"; 
 she repented and made full restitution of three hundred thou- 
 
134 COMPENDIUM 
 
 sand francs to Hector Hulot. Valerie Marneffe did not lack 
 intelligence. The great critic, Claud Vignon, particularly 
 appreciated the intellectual and intelligent depravity of this 
 woman [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Crochard, a dancer at the opera, in the second half of the 
 eighteenth century. He had direction of the evolutions on 
 the stage ; he directed the assaults of a band of assailants 
 against the Bastille, July 14, 1789; became an officer — a 
 colonel — and died in 1814, from the result of wounds received 
 at Lutzen, May 2, 1813 [A Second Home, ;$j]. 
 
 Crochard, Madame, widow of the preceding. She had 
 been a chorus singer with her husband, before the Revolution ; 
 in 1815 she lived poorly with her daughter Caroline, in a 
 house on the Rue du Tourniquet-Saint-Jean,* Paris, which be- 
 longed to Molineux. Mme. Crochard, wishing to see a *' pro- 
 tector " for her daughter, favored the love of Comte de 
 Granville for Caroline. She was recompensed by an annuity 
 of three thousand francs, and died, 1822, in a convenient 
 lodging, Rue Saint-Louis, Marais. She was constantly press- 
 ing to her breast the cross of a chevalier of the Legion of 
 Honor, conferred upon her husband by the Emperor. The 
 widow Crochard was closely questioned at a visit she received 
 in her last moments from the Abbe Fontanon, confessor to 
 the Comtesse de Granville, and was troubled by the priest's 
 manner [A Second Home, z\. 
 
 Crochard, Caroline, born in 1797, daughter of the pre- 
 ceding persons. She was for a number of years the mistress of 
 Comte de Granville, under the Restoration. She was then 
 called Mile, de Bellefeuille, the name of a small estate in 
 Gatinais, given to the young woman by an uncle of the count 
 who had conceived a great affection for her. Her lover in- 
 stalled her in an elegant suite of rooms on the Rue Taitbout, 
 the same as afterward occupied by Esther Gobseck. Caroline 
 
 * At that early date, this had already been razed to make room for the 
 H6tel de Ville. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 135 
 
 Crochard deserted M. de Granville and a good position for an 
 indigent young man called Solvet, who quickly dissipated all 
 that she possessed. Reduced to poverty and ill, she lived, in 
 1833, on the Rue Gaillon, in a two-story house of paltry 
 appearance. By the Comte de Granville she had one son 
 and one daughter, Charles and Eugenie [A Second Home, ;^]. 
 
 Crochard, Charles, the son born in adultery of Comte de 
 Granville and Caroline Crochard. In 1833 he was arrested 
 for a theft of valuables ; he was released through his father's 
 offices, on the request of Eugene de Granville, his natural 
 brother, the count furnishing the money necessary to settle up 
 the matter ; it being given to Eugene to use his own discretion 
 in arranging the wretched business [A Second Home, 9i\. 
 This robbery was committed at the home of Mile. Beaumesnil, 
 and it was the actress' diamonds which were stolen [The 
 Middle Classes, ee\ 
 
 Croisier, Du. See Bousquier, du. 
 
 Croizeau, an old coach-builder to the Imperial Court under 
 Bonaparte. He had an income of about forty thousand 
 francs ; lived on the Rue Buffault ; a widower without chil- 
 dren. He was an assiduous attendant at the reading-room 
 kept by Antonia Chocardelle, Rue Coquenard, in the time of 
 Louis-Philippe ; he offered his hand in marriage to the 
 *' handsome lady" [A Man of Business, T\. 
 
 Crottat, Monsieur and Madame, old farmers, father and 
 mother of the notary Crottat, assassinated by robbers, one of 
 whom was the infamous Dannepont, called la Pouraille ; the 
 trial in this affair was in May, 1830 [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ^. 
 They were very wealthy, and, according to Cesar Birotteau, 
 who knew them, the husband Crottat was as ** close as a 
 snail" [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Crottat, Alexandre, head clerk to Maitre Roguin the 
 notary. He succeeded him in 1819, after the flight of the 
 notary, marrying the daughter of Lourdois, the master painter. 
 At one time Cesar Birotteau had an idea of having him for a 
 
136 COMPENDIUM 
 
 son-in-law; he was familiarly known by the name of '* Xan- 
 drot." Alexandre Crottat was one of those invited to the 
 famous ball given by the perfumer in December, 1818. He 
 was in friendly relationship with Derville the attorney, whom 
 he *'thee'd and thou'd " ; he was commissioned by him to 
 make a sort of ** half-pay " to Colonel Chabert. He was at the 
 same time Comtesse Ferraud's notary [Cesar Birotteau, O — 
 Colonel Chabert, %\. In 1822 he was notary for Comte de 
 Serizy [A Start in Life, s], and of Charles de Vandenesse, 
 before whom one evening he committed the blunder of stay- 
 ing where his room would have been preferred. He caused 
 his client and Mme. d'Aiglemont much sorrow by bringing 
 up old memories, in the first years of the reign of Louis- 
 Philippe. On his return to his own home he told his wife all, 
 and she covered him with reproaches [A Woman of Thirty, >S^]. 
 Together with Leopold Hannequin, Alexandre Crottat signed 
 the will dictated by Sylvain Pons, just before his death 
 [Cousin Pons,* x]. 
 
 Cruchot, Abbe, a priest at Saumur,f a dignitary in the 
 chapter of St. Martin de Tours, a brother of the notary 
 Cruchot and uncle of President Cruchot de Bonfons ; the 
 Talleyrand of his family; after many long arguments he 
 brought Eugenie Grandet to marry the president, in 1827 
 [Eugenie Grandet, _E]. 
 
 Cruchot, a notary at Saumur under the Restoration, a 
 brother of Abbe Cruchot, uncle of President Cruchot de Bon- 
 fons. He was engaged, the same as was the priest, in trying to 
 bring about the marriage of his nephew to Eugenie Grandet ; 
 the young girl's father gave M. Cruchot charge of his usurious 
 
 * The numerous agitating vicissitudes which cross Mme. d'Aiglemont's 
 life cause much confusion and a disparity in the statements. In error it is 
 said that the notary Crotlat committed a blunder in the first year of the 
 reign of Louis-Philippe in the presence of Mme. d'Aiglemont and Charles 
 de Vandenesse; in reality this was at the close of the Restoration. 
 
 I In the department of Maine-et-Loire. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 137 
 
 transactions, and it is probable that he managed all his mone- 
 tary business [Eugenie Grandet, J^\ 
 
 Cruchot, the real name of President de Bonfons and his 
 wife. 
 
 Curel, a goldsmith, Paris ; colonel in the National Guard ; 
 with his wife and their two daughters invited to the famous 
 ball given by Cesar Birotteau, December 17, 1818 [Cesar 
 Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Cursy, the literary pseudonym of Jean-Frangois du Bruel. 
 
 Curieux, Catherine. See Farrabesche, Madame. 
 
 Cydalise, a superb Norman woman, of Valognes, who 
 went to Paris in 1840 to make traffic of her good looks. 
 Born in 1824, she was not at this time quite sixteen years 
 old ; she served as Montez's, the Brazilian, instrument, who, 
 out of revenge against Mme. Marneffe, who had become Mme. 
 Crevel, had communicated to her, by one of his negroes, a 
 terrible complaint, which he in turn took from her and then 
 transmitted it to the faithless Valerie, who, before she died, 
 also gave it to her husband. It is possible that Cydalise ac- 
 companied Montez to Brazil, the only place where that loath- 
 some disease is curable [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Dallot, a mason in the environs of I'lsle-Adam, who, al 
 the commencement of the Restoration, wished to marry a 
 peasant girl of little intelligence, called Genevieve, because 
 she had a little bit of land ; but he deserted her for another 
 woman who had all her senses and rather more land than her. 
 This rupture was a cruel blow to Genevieve, who became all 
 but an idiot [Farewell, e\. 
 
 Damaso Pareto, Marquis, a noble Genoese, of a de- 
 cidedly French spirit, who was present, in 1836, at the French 
 consul-general's home at Genoa, when was recounted the 
 
138 COMPENDIUM 
 
 unhappy conjugal life of Comte Octave de Bauvan [Hon- 
 orine, /?]. 
 
 Dannepont, called la Pouraille, one of the assassins of 
 M. and Mme. Crottat. Held for this crime in the Concier- 
 gerie, 1830, and under condemnation for capital punishment; 
 he was an escaped convict, captured by the police five years 
 after for the commission of other crimes. Born about 1785 ; 
 he was sent to the hulks when nineteen years old ; there he 
 met Jacques Collin (Vautrin), Riganson, and Selerier, and 
 these formed a kind of triumvirate. A little, dried-up, skinny 
 man, with a face like a weazel [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ;$;]. 
 
 Dauphin, a small pastry-cook at Arcis-sur-Aube ; well 
 known to be a Republican. In 1839, during an election 
 meeting, he interrogated Sallenauve, a candidate, on Danton 
 [The Deputy for Arcis, JDZ)]. 
 
 Dauriat, a publisher and bookseller, Palais-Royal, Paris, 
 in the Galleries de Bois,* under the Restoration. He bought 
 *' Les Marguerites " from Lucien de Rubempre for three thou- 
 sand francs, as Lucien had ''slashed" a book of Nathan's; 
 he did not publish *' Les Marguerites " until a long time after, 
 and only then because of the author's posthumous fame. 
 Dauriat's store was the rendezvous of all the writers and poli- 
 ticians in vogue at that time [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, Jf— The Harlot's Progress, Y^ Z']. He was the pub- 
 lisher of Canalis' works; in 1829 Dauriat received a request 
 from Modeste Mignon for information of the poet, to which 
 he responded with a very ironical letter. Dauriat said, when 
 speaking of these famous men of letters: *'I made Canalis; I 
 made Nathan" [Modeste Mignon, JT]. 
 
 David, Madame, a woman living in the suburbs of Brives; 
 she died of fright caused by the Chauffeurs at the time of the 
 Directory, falling limp at the feet of her husband [The 
 Country Parson, jP]. 
 
 Delbecq, secretary and steward of Comte Ferraud, under 
 * Really the Galerie d'Orl6ans. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 139 
 
 the Restoration. An old attorney. An alert man, ambitious, 
 and entirely devoted to the countess, whom he assisted with 
 his advice and counseled to refuse the dowry rights of Colonel 
 Chabert, when that officer returned and demanded them 
 [Colonel Chabert, %\. 
 
 Delsouq, a celebrated robber under the Restoration ; a 
 pupil of the very infamous Dannepont, called la Pouraille, 
 whose name he once took [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ^\ 
 
 Denisart, the name assumed by Cerizet when he took the 
 disguise of an old man, custom-house officer, chevalier of the 
 Legion of Honor, when introduced into the home of Antonia 
 Chocardelle, the owner of a lending library and reading-room, 
 to beat out Maxime de Trailles, who was his debtor, by this 
 cunning scheme. He was quite successful [A Man of Busi- 
 ness, T\. 
 
 Derville, an attorney at Paris, on the Rue Vivienne, from 
 1819 to 1840 ; born in 1794, the seventh child of a bourgeois 
 in Noyon. In 1816, then a second clerk, he lived on the 
 Rue des Gres (really the Rue Cujas) ; he had as a neighbor 
 the famous usurer Gobseck, who shortly afterward lent him 
 fifteen thousand francs at 15 per cent., with which he pur- 
 chased his master's practice ; a man of pleasure, who returned 
 to society. Through Gobseck he was made known to Jenny 
 Malvaut, whom he married ; from him he also learned the 
 Restauds' secrets. In the winter of 1819-20 he recounted 
 their misfortunes before the Vicomtesse de Grandlieu. Der- 
 ville was the means of reestablishing the feminine representa- 
 tive of the younger branch of the Grandlieus at the time of 
 the return of the Bourbons ; he was received in their house as 
 a friend [Gobseck, g\. He had also been Bordin's clerk [A 
 Start in Life, s — A Historical Mystery, ff\ He was Colonel 
 Chabert's attorney when he returned to life and sought his 
 legitimate rights from the Comtesse Ferraud ; he was specially 
 interested in the old officer, he succored him, and was grieved 
 to see him, some years after, when he visited the hospital for 
 
140 COMPENDIUM 
 
 idiots at Bicdtre [Colonel Chabert, ^]. Derville was also 
 Comte de Serizy's, Mme. de Nucingen's, the Dues de Grand- 
 lieu and Chaulieu's attorney, and was in the confidence of 
 them all. In 1830, with Corentin, under the name of Saint- 
 Denis, he made inquiries of the Sechards, at Angouleme, on 
 the subject of the real resources of Lucien de Rubempre 
 [Father Goriot, 6^^— The Harlot's Progress, I^. 
 
 Derville, Madame, nee Jenny Malvaut, wife of Derville 
 the attorney; a young Parisian girl, born in the country. 
 Left alone in 1826 she led a virtuous, hard-working life on 
 the fifth story of a mean house on the Rue Montmartre, 
 where Gobseck had been to see her to obtain the payment of 
 a note signed by her ; he informed Derville about her, and he 
 married her without any portion. She afterward inherited 
 seventy thousand francs from an uncle, a farmer who had 
 become rich ; this money enabled her husband to settle with 
 Gobseck [Gobseck, g\. Being desirous of attending the 
 famous ball given by Cesar Birotteau, December 17, 1818, she 
 paid an unexpected visit to the perfumer's wife; she made 
 much of Mile. Birotteau, and was, with her husband, given an 
 invitation to the fete. She had apparently, at some years 
 previous to this, worked for the Birotteaus, when she had been 
 a sempstress [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Descoings, M. and Madame, father-in-law and mother- 
 in-law of Doctor Rouget ; Issoudun wool-brokers ; they had 
 charge of the sales for the owners and bought for the mer- 
 chants the fleeces of Berry. They bought nationalized lands, 
 and were very rich and miserly ; they died, with an interval 
 of two years between them, under the Republic, before 1799 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, J"]. 
 
 Descoings, son of the foregoing, the youngest brother of 
 Mme. Rouget, the doctor's wife ; a grocer. Rue Saint-Honore, 
 Paris, not far from Robespierre's domicile. Descoings married 
 for love the widow of the Sieur Bixiou, his predecessor, a 
 woman some twelve years older than himself, but of good 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE, 141 
 
 health, and "she was as fat as a thrush after the vintage." 
 Accused of " monopolizing," he was sent to the scaffold along 
 with Andre Chenier, Thermidor 7, of the year II. (July 25, 
 1794) ; the death of the grocer produced more of a sensation 
 than the death of the poet. Cesar Birotteau made Descoings* 
 old store his perfumery, **The Queen of Roses," about 1800. 
 Descoings first successor failed in business; so also did the 
 inventor of the " Compound Sultana Paste" and ''Eau Car- 
 minative" [A Bachelor's Establishment, J^. 
 
 Descoings, Madame, born in 1744, the widow of two 
 husbands, both of whom were in business as grocers, Rue 
 Saint-Honore, Paris: the Sieurs Bixiou and Descoings; the 
 grandmother of Jean-Jacques Bixiou, the caricaturist. After 
 the death of M. Bridau, chief of a division in the ministry 
 of the Interior, the widow, Mme. Descoings, went, in 1819, 
 to live with her niece, Mme. Bridau, nte Agathe Rouget ; 
 she brought into the common fund six thousand francs of 
 income. She was an excellent woman, and in her time had 
 been known as "the handsome grocer"; she took the 
 management of the household, but had a mania for playing 
 the lottery unceasingly, and always on the same numbers, 
 she "nursed the three." It ended in her ruining her niece; 
 but she atoned for her foolish conduct by a perfect devotion, 
 though she still continued to place her money on the pro- 
 phetic three numbers. Her savings were one day stolen from 
 her mattress by Philippe Bridau, so she was unable to place it 
 in the lottery. It was now that the famous "three" came 
 out. Mme. Descoings died of vexation, December 31, 1821; 
 only for this theft she would have been a millionaire [A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, e7]. 
 
 Desfondrilles, a substitute judge at Provins, under the 
 Restoration ; he was appointed president of the court of the 
 same town under Louis-Philippe. An old man, he was more 
 an archaeologist than a magistrate; it was amusing to him to 
 see the petty actions and miserable intrigues that were brought 
 
142 COMPENDIUM 
 
 before him. He left Tiphaine's party for the Liberal side, 
 led by Vinet the barrister [Pierrette, i]. 
 
 Deslandes, a surgeon at Azay-le-Rideau, 1817. He was 
 called in to bleed M. de Mortsauf, whose life was saved by 
 that operation [The Lily of the Valley, X]. 
 
 Desmarets, Jules, a stockbroker at Paris, under the 
 Restoration ; a hard-working, honest man, whose youth had 
 been passed in austerity and poverty. He fell in love, 
 while still but an employe, with a charming young woman 
 whom he met at his employer's ; he married her in spite of 
 the irregularity attending her antecedents; with the funds he 
 received from his wife's mother he bought the stockbroker's 
 connection in which he had acted as a clerk during very many 
 happy years, which had been a labor of love and performed with 
 the greatest ease. Desmarets had now an income of two hundred 
 and fifty thousand francs. In 1820 he lived with his wife in a 
 great mansion on the Rue Menars. In the first part of his wed- 
 ded life, without his wife knowing anything of it, he killed a man 
 in a duel who had calumniated her. The perfect happiness 
 enjoyed by this well-matched couple was suddenly broken by 
 the death of his wife, who was struck to the heart by the sus- 
 picions, which, for a moment only, her husband had of her 
 faithfulness. Desmarets, a widower, sold his business to the 
 brother of Martin Falleix and left Paris in despair [The 
 Thirteen — Ferragus, hh\ M. and Mme. Desmarets were 
 invited to the famous ball given by Cesar Birotteau, in 1818; 
 after the perfumer's failure, the stockbroker, out of pure 
 benevolence, gave good advice as to the placing of his funds, 
 painfully gathered, to the end of disinterestedly being able 
 to recoup his creditors in full [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Desmarets, Madame Jules, wife of the foregoing, the 
 natural daughter of Bourignard, called Ferragus, and of a 
 married woman who passed as her godmother. She had no 
 civil status when she married Jules Desmarets ; her name of 
 Cl^raence and her age were proclaimed by a public announce- 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 143 
 
 ment. Mme. Desmarets was, in spite of all this, loved by a 
 young officer in the Royal Guards, Auguste de Maulincour. 
 She frequented the Nucingens. The visits that Mme. Des- 
 marets made secretly to her father, a mysterious man, were 
 unknown to her husband, and were the means of her utterly 
 losing her happiness ; Desmarets thought her false, and she 
 died of this suspicion in 1820 or 1821. Clemence's remains, 
 at first taken to Pere-Lachaise, were disinterred, incinerated, 
 and taken to Jules Desmarets by Bourignard, aided by his 
 dozen friends ; this somewhat relieved the poignant grief of 
 the widower [The Thirteen — Ferragus, 'bh\ M. and Mme. 
 Desmarets were frequently spoken of by the name of M. and 
 Mme. Jules. At the ball given by Cesar Birotteau, December 
 17, 1818, Mme. Desmarets was the most brilliant, as she was 
 the most beautiful, of all present, as was said to the wife of 
 the perfumer [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Desmarets, a notary at Paris, under the Restoration ; the 
 eldest brother of Jules Desmarets, the stockbroker. The 
 notary was established by his younger brother and became 
 rich very quickly. He received his brother's will, and accom- 
 panied him to the funeral of Mme. Desmarets [Ferragus, hh\ 
 
 Desplein, a great surgeon of Paris ; born about the middle 
 of the eighteenth century, of a poor family in the provinces. 
 He had a rough youth, and would have been unable to pass 
 his examinations but for the aid and succor of a neighbor in 
 poverty, a water-carrier named Bourgeat. He lived with him 
 for two years on the sixth floor of a mean house on the Rue 
 des Quatre- Vents, where, with the poet, Daniel d'Arthez, he 
 established the " Cenacle," which house was afterward said 
 to be the "bowl of great men." Desplein was ejected from 
 his rooms by the owner for being unable to pay his rent ; so 
 his second residence was, with his friend the Auvergnat, in 
 the Rohan court, Passage du Commerce. Being received 
 inside the Hotel-Dieu, he did not forget the benefits done 
 him by Bourgeat ; he attended him in his last illness the same 
 
144 COMPENDIUM 
 
 as a devoted son, and founded, under the Empire, in honor 
 of that simple man of religious sentiments, a mass to be said 
 four times each year at Saint-Sulpice, and at which he piously- 
 assisted, although a confirmed atheist [The Atheist's Mass, c\. 
 In 1806 Desplein had condemned to a speedy death an old 
 fellow, then aged fifty-six years, and who was still living in 
 1846 [Cousin Pons, ^^]. The surgeon was present at the 
 desperate death of M. Chardon, an old military doctor [Lost 
 Illusions, JV]. Desplein attended, in their last moments, 
 Mme. Jules Desmarets, who died in 1820 or 182 1, and chief 
 of division Flamet de la Billardiere, who died in 1824 [The 
 Thirteen, J5^ — Les Employes, cc\. In March, 1828, at 
 Provins, he performed the trepanning operation on Pierrette 
 Lorrain [Pierrette, ^]. In the same year he performed a bold 
 operation on Mme. Philippe Bridau, who by the abuse of 
 liquor had developed a *' magnificent complaint." The ope- 
 ration was published in the "Gazette des Hopitaux," but the 
 one upon whom it was performed died [A Bachelor's Estab- 
 lishment, J\ In 1829 Desplein was called in to see Vanda 
 de Mergi, Baron du Bourlac's daughter [The Seamy Side of 
 History, T~\. In the last months of the same year he operated 
 with success on Mme. Mignon, who had become blind; and 
 was afterward, in February, 1830, one of Modeste Mignon's 
 witnesses when she was married to Ernest de la Briere [Mo- 
 deste Mignon, K.\ At the beginning of the same year, 
 1830, he was called on by Corentin to see the Baron du 
 Nucingen, who languished for love of Esther van Gobseck ; 
 and afterward, to see Mme. de Serizy, who was ill, after the 
 suicide of Lucien de Rubempre [The Harlot's Progress, Y,Z\ 
 With his pupil, Bianchon, he attended Mme. de Bauvan, on 
 the point of death, at the end of 1830 or the beginning of 
 1831 [Honorine, fe]. Desplein had an only daughter, whose 
 marriage was arranged with the Prince de Loudon in 1829. 
 
 Desroches, an employe in the Bureau of the Interior, 
 under the Empire ; a friend of Bridau senior, who had secured 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 145 
 
 him the position. His friendship survived his death, and was 
 transferred to the widow of his chief, whom he met nearly 
 every evening, his colleagues being MM. du Bruel and Clapa- 
 ron. A spare, rough man, he would never, in spite of his 
 aptitude, become the sub-chief; he earned no more than eigh- 
 teen hundred francs, and his wife twelve hundred by keeping 
 an office for stamped papers. Compelled to retire after the 
 second return of Louis XVIII., he talked of entering, as his 
 chief had done, into an insurance company. In 182 1, in 
 spite of his lack of tenderness, Desroches was engaged with 
 much ardor in trying to patch up a bad step taken by Philippe 
 Bridau, who had "borrowed " from the cash-box of the news- 
 paper on which he was employed ; he arranged it so that his 
 dismissal was brought about without any scandal. Desroches, 
 a man of '' good judgment," was the last friend remaining to 
 the widow, Mme. Bridau, after the deaths of MM. du Bruel 
 and Claparon. He was an angler [A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, «/"]. 
 
 Desroches, Madame, wife of the foregoing. In 1826, 
 then a widow, she asked for the hand of Mile. Matifat for her 
 son, Desroches, the attorney [The Firm of Nucingen, f\. 
 
 Desroches, son of the two last named, born about 1795, 
 brought up rigorously by a father of undue severity. He 
 entered Derville's office as fourth clerk in 1818, and in the 
 year following passed to second clerk. While with Derville 
 he saw Colonel Chabert. In 1821 or 1822 he bought an 
 attorney's practice, an empty title, on the Rue de Bethizy.* 
 Wily and clever he soon had for clients men of letters, artists, 
 women of the theatres, renowned lorettes, and fashionable 
 bohemians. The counselor of Agathe and Joseph Bridau, 
 he gave many precise and precious instructions to Philippe 
 Bridau, when he was about starting for Issoudun about 1822 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, e7— Colonel Chabert, i — A 
 
 * This disappeared by the lengthening of the Rue de Rivoli, from 1852 
 to 1855. 
 10 
 
146 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Start in Life, s — The Deputy for Arcis, J)JD]. Desroches 
 was the attorney for Charles de Vandenesse and pleaded 
 against his brother Felix; of the Marquise d'Espard, who 
 sought for a commission in lunacy on her husband j and of 
 the secretary-general, Chardin des Lupeaulx, whom he cun- 
 ningly advised [A Woman of Thirty, H — The Commission in 
 Lunacy, c — Les Employes, cc]. Lucien de Rubempre con- 
 sulted Desroches in reference to the seizure of Coralie's furni- 
 ture, who was then his mistress, 1822 [A Distinguished 
 Provincial at Paris, iff]. Vautrin fully appreciated the 
 attorney's skill ; he said that they would not again be able 
 to augment de Rubempre's land so as to bring in thirty thou- 
 sand francs per year [The Harlot's Progress, !F]. In 1826 
 Desroches once sought the hand of Malvina d'Aldrigger in 
 marriage [The Firm of Nucingen, f]. About 1840 he told, at 
 the house of Mile. Turquet (Malaga), who was then kept by 
 Cardot the notary, and before Bixiou, Lousteau, and Nathan, 
 invited by the scrivener, the ruses employed by Cerizet to 
 overreach Maxime de Trailles, who was his creditor [A Man 
 of Business, V\. Desroches was also Cerizet's attorney, when 
 he had a difference with Theodose de la Peyrade, in 1840 ; 
 he also represented Sauvaignou's interests at the same time 
 [The Middle Classes, ee\. Desroches* office was situated 
 most likely, at one time, on the Rue Buci [A Bachelor's Es- 
 tablishment, «/]. 
 
 Desroys, an employe at the Bureau of Finance, in Bau- 
 doyer's office, under the Restoration. The son of a conven- 
 tionalist who had not voted for the death of the King ; a repub- 
 lican and the friend of Michel Chrestien, he had no dealings 
 with any of his colleagues and kept his life hidden and his 
 domicile unknown. He was dismissed in December, 1824, 
 on account of his opinions and by Dutocq's denunciation 
 [Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Desroziers, a musician who won the prize at Rome ; he 
 died in that town of typhoid fever in 1836. A friend of the 
 
C0M£:DIE HUMAINE. - 147 
 
 sculptor Dorlange, to whom he recounted Zambinella's his- 
 tory, the death of Sarrasine, and the marriage of Comte de 
 Lanty. Desroziers gave lessons in harmony to Marianina, 
 the count's daughter. The musician induced his friend, 
 momentarily short of ready money, to make a copy of a 
 statue of Adonis, which reproduced Zambinella's traits, and 
 this copy was bought by Monsieur de Lanty [The Deputy for 
 Arcis, Djy\. 
 
 Desroziers, a printer at Moulins, department of the 
 AUier. After 1830 he printed in a small volume the works 
 of ''Jan Diaz, the son of a Spanish prisoner, born in 1807 
 at Bourges." This book was prefaced by an introduction 
 written by M. de Clagny. It contained an elegy, " Tris- 
 tesse" ; two poems, " Paquita la Sevillane " and "Le Chene 
 de la Messe " ; also three sonnets and a novel entitled 
 "Carola," etc. [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Destourny. See Estourny, d'. 
 
 Dey, CoMTESSE de, born about 1755. The widow of a 
 lieutenant-general, retired to Carentan, department of the 
 Manche ; she died suddenly of a shock to her maternal feel- 
 ings, November, 1793 [The Conscript, 6]. 
 
 Dey, AuGUSTE, Comtk de, only son of Madame de Dey. 
 At eighteen years of age he was appointed a lieutenant of 
 dragoons ; as a point of honjDr he followed the princes in their 
 emigration. His mother worshiped him; she stayed in 
 France for the purpose of preserving her fortune. He had 
 formed part of Granville's expedition ; made a prisoner at 
 the end of that affair, and wrote Madame de Dey that he 
 should return home in three days in disguise, having made 
 his escape. But he was shot in the Morbihan at the self- 
 same moment that his mother died, her death being caused 
 by having received as her son the conscript Julien Jussieu 
 [The Conscript, 6]. 
 
 Diard, Pierre-Francois, born in the environs of Nice, 
 the son of a provost of merchants, quartermaster of the Sixth 
 
148 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Regiment of the line, 1808; then major of a battalion in the 
 Imperial Guard ; he retired with the last grade, owing to 
 serious wounds which he received in Germany ; he afterward 
 became an administrator, a man about town, and a confirmed 
 gambler. He was Juana Mancini's husband, who had been 
 the mistress of Captain Montefiore, Diard's most intimate 
 friend. In 1823, at Bordeaux, reduced to this expedient, he 
 killed Montefiore for the purpose of robbery, having met him 
 by chance ; on his return home he confessed his crime to his 
 wife, who vainly begged him to kill himself; she then shot 
 him in the brain with a pistol [The Maranas, e\. 
 
 Diard, Maria-Juana-Pepita, daughter of la Marana, a 
 Venetian courtesan, and a young Italian noble, Mancini, who 
 recognized her. The wife of Pierre-Francois Diard, whom 
 she had accepted by her mother's command after being de- 
 serted by Montefiore, who did not wish to marry her. Juana 
 was brought up in a most austere manner in the house of a 
 Spaniard, Perez de Lagounia, at Tarragon, under her father's 
 name ; she was the descendant of a long line of courtesans, a 
 family purely feminine; the blood of her grandparents flowed 
 in her veins. She was unconsciously carried away by this 
 when she first met Montefiore. Although she did not love 
 her husband, she was nevertheless strictly faithful ; and she 
 killed him for honor's sake. She had two children [The 
 Maranas, e]. 
 
 Diard, Juan, Madame Diard's first child. He came into 
 the world seven months after his mother's marriage, and was 
 most probably Montefiore's son. He was the exact picture 
 of Juana, who was secretly prodigal of her caresses with him, 
 at the same time she openly pretended to care the most for 
 her younger son. By "a kind of admirable flattery" ini- 
 tiated by his wife, Diard made Juan, the eldest born, his 
 favorite [The Maranas, e\. 
 
 Diard, Francisque, the second son of M. and Mme. 
 Diard, born at Paris. The living picture of his father, and 
 
COMAdIE HUMAINE. . 149 
 
 (but only apparently so) his mother's favorite [The Ma- 
 ran as, e\. 
 
 "Diaz, Jan, the pseudonym used by Dinah de la Baudraye 
 in signing a very eccentric poem in *' TEcho du Morvan," 
 entitled '^Paquita la Sevillane " ; and also published in a 
 volume printed by Desroziers at Moulins about 1830 [Muse 
 of the Department, OC]. 
 
 Diodati, the name of the owner of a villa on Lake Geneva, 
 1823-24. A character in a novel, ** Ambitious for Love," 
 published in 1834 by Albert Savarus, in the '* Revue de I'Est " 
 [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Dionis, a notary of Nemours, since 1813 or thereabouts, 
 in the early years of Louis-Philippe's reign. He was a Cre- 
 miere-Dionis, but was always addressed by his second name. 
 A cunning, false man ; a secret partner of Massin-Levrault in 
 the usury business ; he was interested in the succession to 
 Doctor Minoret's estate and gave counsel to the three heirs 
 of the old physician. After the Revolution of 1830, he was 
 appointed mayor of Nemours, replacing Levrault, and, about 
 1837, became a deputy. He was then with his a wife a guest 
 at the Court balls, and Mme. Dionis was "enthroned" in 
 her little town '* as having the manners of the throne." There 
 was at least one daughter [Ursule Mirouet, S}. Dionis 
 breakfasted familiarly with Rastignac, minister of public 
 works, from 1839 to 1845 [The Deputy for Arcis, UIJ]. 
 
 Doguereau, publisher, Rue du Cocq, Paris, 1821, and 
 from the commencement of the century ; an old professor of 
 rhetoric. Lucien de Rubempre offered him his romance, 
 **The Archer of Charles IX.," but the publisher would not 
 give him more than four hundred francs for it, so the affair 
 closed there [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, JML']. 
 
 Doisy, a porter at the Lepitre institution, Paris, in the 
 Marais quarter, about 1814, at the time when Felix de Van- 
 denesse had completed his studies. The young man had 
 contracted a debt of one hundred francs with him, for which 
 
150 COMPENDIUM 
 
 he was severely reprimanded by his mother [The Lily of the 
 Valley, i]. 
 
 Dominis, Abbe de, a priest of Troyes, under the Restora- 
 tion, Jacques de Mortsauf 's tutor [The Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 Dommanget, a doctor-accoucheur, celebrated in Paris, in 
 the time of Louis-Philippe. Called in, 1840, to see Mme. 
 Calyste du Guenic, whom he had delivered, and who upon 
 the sudden revelation of her husband's infidelity fell into a 
 highly dangerous state, for she was at this time nursing her 
 son. Dommanget, taken into confidence, treated and cured 
 the illness by purely moral remedies [Beatrix, J*]. 
 
 Doni, Massimilla. See Varese, Princesse de. 
 
 Dorlange, Charles, the first name of Sallenauve. See 
 Sallenauve. 
 
 Dorlonia, Due. See Torlonia. 
 
 Dorsonval, Madame, a bourgeoise of Saumur, friendly 
 with M. and Mme. des Grassins, at the time of the Restoration 
 [Eugenie Grandet, JEi\ 
 
 Doublet, second clerk in the office of Desroches the at- 
 torney, 1822 [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Doublon, Victor-Ange-Hermenegilde, a bailiff at An- 
 gouleme under the Restoration. He was the instrument of 
 the service of the account against David Sechard by the 
 Cointet Brothers [Lost Illusions, JV]. 
 
 Drake, Sir Francis, an Englishman, the manager of the 
 Italian theatre, London, 1839. His prima donna was Luigia, 
 who succeeded la Serboni [The Deputy for Arcis, _DJ[>]. 
 
 Duberghe, a wine merchant of Bordeaux, of whom Nu- 
 cingen bought, in 1815, before the battle of Waterloo, one 
 hundred and fifty thousand bottles of wine, paying therefor 
 thirty sous a bottle ; the financier received in return six francs 
 for each bottle sold to the allies from 181 7 to 1819 [The 
 Firm of Nucingen, f]. 
 
 Dubourdieu, born about 1805, a symbolic painter, a dis- 
 ciple of Fourier's; decorated. In 1845 ^^ was met and ac- 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 151 
 
 costed by his friend Leon de Lora, at the corner of the Rue 
 Neuve-Vivienne ; he gave a synopsis of his ideas on art and 
 philosophy before Gazonal and Bixiou, who were in the now 
 famous landscape painter's company [The Unconscious Mum- 
 mers, u\. 
 
 Dubut, DE Caen, merchant, allied to Messrs. de Bois- 
 franc, de Boisfrelon, and de Boislaurier, who were also of the 
 Dubuts, and whose grandfather was a linen-merchant. Dubut, 
 de Caen, was implicated' in the trial of the Chauffeurs of 
 Mortagne, 1808, and was condemned to death for non-appear- 
 ance. Under the Restoration he hoped by his devotion to 
 the Royal cause to succeed to the title of M. de Boisfranc ; 
 Louis XVIIL appointed him grand provost, in 1815, and 
 soon after attorney-general under the coveted name ; he died 
 the first president of the court [The Seamy Side of His- 
 tory, T\ 
 
 Ducange, Victor, a French writer of- romances and an 
 insipid dramatic author, born in 1783 at La Haye, died 
 1833. One of the collaborators of "Thirty Years, or the 
 Life of a Gambler," and the author of " Leonide, or the 
 Maid of Suresnes." Victor Ducange was a guest, 1821, at 
 the home of Braulard, head claquer, at a dinner at which 
 also Adele Dupuis, Frederic Dupetit-Mere, and Mile. Millot, 
 Braulard's mistress, were guests [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, M\ 
 
 Dudley, Lord, statesman, an old man, and one of the 
 most distinguished English peers, located in Paris since i8t6; 
 the husband of Lady Arabelle Dudley ; the putative father of 
 Henri de Marsay, of whom he took little notice and who be- 
 came Arabelle's lover. This person was "profoundly im- 
 moral " ; among his numerous illegal posterity he counted 
 Euphemia Porraberil ; and among the women whom he kept 
 a certain Hortense, who lived on the Rue Tronchet. Lord 
 Dudley, before establishing himself in France, lived in his 
 native country with two sons born of him in wedlock, but 
 
152 COMPENDIUM 
 
 who bore a remarkable resemblance to Marsay [The Lily of 
 the Valley, i— The Girl with Golden Eyes, ds, II.— A Man 
 of Business, V\. Lord Dudley early in 1830 was present at an 
 assembly at Mile, des Touches, when Marsay, then prime 
 minister, told the story of his first love, and these two states- 
 men exchanged philosophical reflections [Another Study of 
 Woman, V\. In 1834 he went by chance to a great ball 
 given by his wife, and he played in the drawing-room with 
 bankers, ambassadors, and former ministers [A Daughter of 
 Eve, F]. 
 
 Dudley, Lady Arabelle, wife of the foregoing; of an 
 illustrious English family, free from all mesalliances since the 
 Conquest ; immensely wealthy ; one of those ladies who are 
 half-royal \ the idol of Parisian high society under the Res- 
 toration. She lived apart from her husband, to whom she 
 left her two sons, who bore a striking resemblance to Marsay, 
 of whom she had been the mistress. She in some sort drew 
 away Felix de Vandenesse from Mme. de Mortsauf and so 
 caused the despair of that virtuous woman. She was born, she 
 said, in Lancashire, where the women die for love [The Lily 
 of the Valley, X]. In the first years of the reign of Charles 
 X., at least during the summer, she lived in the village of 
 Chatenay, near Sceaux [The Sceaux Ball, vl\. Raphael de 
 Valentin desired her and would have obtained her, only that 
 he feared to use the wild ass' skin [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\.*^ 
 In 1832 he was present at a soiree at Mme. d'Espard's, where 
 the Duchesse de Maufrigneuse was "smitten" by Daniel 
 d'Arthez, and who also fell in love with her [The Secrets of 
 the Princess of Cadignan, ^]. Very jealous of Mme. Felix 
 de Vandenesse, the wife of her former lover, 1834-35, she 
 schemed with Mme. de Listomere and Mme. d'Espard to 
 have that young woman fall into the poet Nathan's arms, 
 whom she wished had been even more ugly. She said to 
 Mme. Felix de Vandenesse : " Marriage, my child, is our 
 purgatory; love is our paradise " [A Daughter of Eve, V\. 
 
COMj^DIE HUMAINE. 153 
 
 Lady Dudley, out of revenge, caused the death of Lady 
 Brandon from chagrin [Letters of Two Brides, v\. 
 
 Dufau, a justice of the peace in a commune in the neigh- 
 borhood of Grenoble, of which Dr. Benassis was the mayor, 
 under the Restoration ; he was then a tall, spare man, with 
 gray hair, clothed in black. He strongly exerted himself in 
 the renovation brought about by that doctor in the village 
 [The Country Doctor, O]. 
 
 Dufaure, Jules-Armand-Stanislas, barrister and French 
 politician; born December 4, 1798, at Saujon, Charente- 
 Inferieure ; died an academician, at Rueil, in the summer of 
 1881 {sic)'^ a friend and disciple of Louis Lambert and of 
 Barchou de Penhoen, at Vendome College, 181 1 [Louis 
 Lambert, li\. 
 
 DuinefF, a Frankish name, common to the two families of 
 Cinq-Cygne and Chargebceuf [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Dulmen, a branch of the family Rivaudoult d'Arschoot, 
 of Galicia, to which Armand de Montriveau was allied [The 
 Duchess of Langeais, hh\ 
 
 Dumay, Anne- Francois-Bernard ; born at Vannes in 
 1777. The son of a wicked barrister, president of a revolu- 
 tionary tribunal under the Republic, and who perished on the 
 scaffold after Thermidor 9. His mother died of vexation. 
 Anne Dumay went as a common soldier with the army to 
 Italy in 1799. He retired, at the fall of the Empire, with 
 the grade of lieutenant, and became much attached to Charles 
 Mignon, whom he had known in his first years of military life. 
 Entirely devoted to his friend, who had in fact saved his life 
 at Waterloo, he was of great assistance to him in the trading 
 enterprises of the Mignon house, and faithfully looked after 
 Mme. and Mile. Mignon during the prolonged absence of the 
 head of that family, owing to his sudden ruin. Mignon re- 
 turned from America with great wealth, and Dumay largely 
 profited by his good fortune [Modeste Mignon, JK"]. 
 
 Dumay, Madame, nee Grummer, wife of the preceding. 
 
154 COMPENDIUM 
 
 An American, a pretty little person ; she married her husband 
 at the time he made a voyage to America on behalf of his em- 
 ployer 'and friend, Charles Mignon, under the Restoration. 
 They had the misfortune to lose all their children, without 
 hope of ever having others ; so they became dearly attached 
 to Mignon's two daughters. She, the same as her husband, 
 was entirely devoted to that family [Modeste Mignon, lSi\ 
 
 Dumets, a young clerk in the office of Desroches, the 
 attorney, in 1822 [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Dupetit-Mere, Frederic; born in Paris, 1785; died in 
 1827 ; a dramatic author who had his hour of fame. Under 
 the name of Frederic he had presented alone, or in collabo- 
 ration with Ducange, Rougemont, Brazier, etc., a great num- 
 ber of melodramas, vaudevilles, and fairy pieces. In 1821 he 
 attended a dinner given by Braulard, the chief claquer, to- 
 gether with Ducange, Adele Dupuis, and Mile. Millot [A 
 Distinguished Provincial at Paris, JjT]. 
 
 Duplanty, Abbe, vicar of St. Francois church, Paris; 
 requested by Schmucke, he administered extreme unction to 
 Pons, in 1845, who lay dying, and who recognized him and 
 appreciated his kindness [Cousin Pons, Qc\. 
 
 Duplay, the wife of a carpenter on the Rue Honore, in 
 whose house Robespierre lived ; a customer of Descoings the 
 grocer, whom she denounced as a *' monopolist." This de- 
 nunciation led to his incarceration and death on the scaffold 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, «/]. 
 
 Dupotet, a kind of bank established at Croisic, under the 
 Restoration. It had the modest patrimony of Pierre Cam- 
 bremer on deposit [A Seaside Tragedy, e\. 
 
 Dupuis, a notary in the St. Jacques quarter, under Louis- 
 Philippe ; of ostentatious piety and a church-warden of the 
 parish. He had the savings of a large number of servants. 
 Theodose de la Peyrade, who recruited for capital to be placed 
 in his keeping, persuaded Mme. Lambert, M. Picot's house- 
 keeper, to place twenty-five hundred francs, gathered at the 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 155 
 
 expense of her master, in the hands of that virtuous man, who 
 became a bankrupt [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Dupuis, Adele, an actress of Paris, who was for a long 
 time, and with great eclat, employed as *' first lady" at the 
 Gaite ; she was at the dinner given by Braulard, chief of the 
 claquers, when were also present Ducange, Frederic Dupetit- 
 Mere, and Mile. Millot, the amphitryon's mistress [A Distin- 
 guished Provincial at Paris, ]K\ 
 
 Durand, Chessel's real name. This name of Chessel had 
 been that of Mme. Durand. *' Monsieur de Chessel generally 
 has something of the Durand about him," was the witticism 
 long enjoyed in Touraine. 
 
 Duret, Abbe, cure of Sancerre under the Restoration, an 
 old man of the old clergy. A boon companion, he frequented 
 the society of Mme. de la Baudraye, at whose home he satis- 
 fied his penchant for play. Very delicately Duret explained 
 M. de la Baudraye's real character to his young wife ; he ad- 
 vised her to seek in literature a relief from the secret bitter- 
 ness of her conjugal life [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Duriau, a celebrated man-midwife of Paris. Assisted by 
 Bianchon, he delivered Mme. de la Baudraye, 1837 (when 
 living with Lousteau), of a boy of that journalist's parentage 
 [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Durieu, cook and factotum of Cinq-Cygne castle under 
 the Consulate. An old and faithful servitor, wholly devoted 
 to his mistress, Laurence de Cinq-Cygne. He was married ; 
 his wife was the housekeeper at the castle [A Historical Mys- 
 tery,jfn. 
 
 Duroc, Gerard-Christophe-Michel, Due de Frioul, 
 grand marshal of Napoleon's palace; born at Pont-a-Mousson, 
 1772 ; killed on the field of battle in 1813. October 13, 1806, 
 the eve of the battle of Jena, he introduced the Marquis de 
 Chargeboeuf and Laurence de Cinq-Cygne to the Emperor 
 [A Historical Mystery,;!^]. In the month of April, 1813, 
 he assisted at a review at the Carrousel, Paris, when Napoleon 
 
156 COMPENDIUM 
 
 addressed him on the subject of Mile, de Chatillonest, who 
 was singled out by him among the crowd ; a few words were 
 spoken which made the grand marshal smile [A Woman of 
 Thirty, ^]. 
 
 Durut, Jean-Francois, a criminal that Prudence Servien 
 helped to have committed to hard labor by her deposition 
 before the Assize Court. Durut swore to Prudence, before 
 the same court, that he would kill her when once at liberty ; 
 but he was executed on the hulks four years after, in 1829. 
 Jacques Collin, called Vautrin, through this obtained Pru- 
 dence's devotion; he boasted of having had Durut made 
 away with ; his menaces were a continual terror to her [The 
 Harlot's Progress, Z\ 
 
 Dutheil, Abbe, one of two vicars-general of the bishop of 
 Limoges, under the Restoration ; one of the luminaries of the 
 Gallacian church; appointed bishop August, 1831, and arch- 
 bishop 1840. He presided over the public confession of 
 Mme. Grasslin, of whom he was the friend and counselor, 
 and whom he buried in 1844 [The Country Parson, J^]. 
 
 Dutocq, born in 1786. He entered the Bureau of Finance 
 in 1814, succeeding Poiret senior, being placed in the office 
 under Rabourdin's direction ; he was a draughting-clerk. 
 Incapable and an idler, he hated his chief and brought about 
 his downfall. Very mean and very inquisitive, he tried to 
 strengthen his position by acting as a spy in the offices ; the 
 secretary-general, Chardin des Lupeaulx, was informed by 
 him of certain happenings. Dutocq outwardly affected very 
 pronounced religious opinions, which he thought would aid 
 in his advancement. He had a passion for collecting old 
 engravings and claimed as complete " his Charlets," which he 
 gave or lent to the wife of the minister. At this time he 
 lived on the Rue Saint-Louis-Saint-Honore,* near the Palais- 
 Royale, on the fifth story of a house in a court, and took his 
 meals at a boarding-house on the Rue de Beaune [Les Em- 
 *It disappeared in 1854 in the transformation of the Rue de I'Echelle. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 157 
 
 ployes, cc\. In 1840, retired, he was clerk to a justice of 
 the peace in the maire of the Pantheon, and resided in la 
 Thuillier's house, Rue Saint-Dominique d'Enfer. He re- 
 mained a bachelor ; he had all the vices, but carefully con- 
 cealed his real life and saved appearances ; he grossly flattered 
 his superiors to keep his position. He was mixed up with 
 Cerizet, in divers villainous intrigues, who was his copying 
 clerk ; and with Theodose de la Peyrade, the crafty barrister 
 [The Middle Classes, ee\ 
 
 Duval, an opulent forge-master at Alengon, whose daugh- 
 ter, the grand-niece of M. du Croisier (or Bousquier), was 
 married in 1830, with a dowry of three millions, to Victurnien 
 d'Esgrignon [The Collection of Antiquities, aa\. 
 
 Duval, a professor and celebrated chemist, Paris, 1843. 
 A friend of Dr. Bianchon, he analyzed for him the blood of 
 M. and Mme. Crevel, infected with a singular cutaneous dis- 
 ease which caused their death [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Duvignon. See Lanty, de. 
 
 Duvivier, a jeweler at Vendome under the Empire. 
 Mme. de Merret swore to her husband that she had bought an 
 ebony and silver crucifix from that merchant, which in reality 
 she had obtained from her lover, Bagos de Feredia. It was 
 on this crucifix that she took her false oath [The Great 
 Breteche, X\. 
 
 Ellis, William, a celebrated English physician and alienist 
 who had charge of the asylum at Han well, 1839, at the time 
 when Marie Gaston became insane and was there admitted 
 [The Deputy for Arcis, />D]. 
 
 Emile, "a lion of the most triumphant species," known 
 to Mme. Komorn (Comtesse Godollo). One evening, in 1840 
 or 1841, on the Boulevard des Italiens, this woman, who had 
 escaped Theodose de la Peyrade's researches, took the arm of 
 
158 COMPENDIUM 
 
 this dandy and begged him to accompany her to the Mabille,* 
 where the jolly dances were held till daylight [The Middle 
 Classes, ee\. 
 
 Ernest, a child invited by NaVs de I'Estorade to the bal 
 masque, given, in Paris, by the mother of that little girl, in 
 1839. At this festival a young " Highlander " suggested that 
 Ernest should join him in finding a corner for a quiet smoke. 
 " I cannot, my dear fellow; you know that Leontine always 
 makes a scene when she finds out that I have been smoking. 
 She is in the sweetest mood to-night. There, see what she 
 has just given me." This was a horsehair ring [The Deputy 
 for Arcis, _DjD]. 
 
 Esgrignon, Charles-Marie- Victor-Ange Carol, Mar- 
 quis d' (or des Grignons, to follow the old title), commander 
 of the order of Saint-Louis, born about 1750, died in 1830. 
 The head of a very ancient family of Franks, the Krawls, who 
 came from the north to conquer the Gauls and who were 
 charged to defend one of the French ways. The Esgrignons, 
 quasi princes under the Valois, all-powerful under Henri IV., 
 were forgotten at the Court of Louis XVIIL, and the marquis, 
 ruined by the Revolution, lived in retirement at Alengon in 
 an old gabled house which had formerly belonged to him, 
 but which had been sold as nationalized land and redeemed 
 by the devoted notary Chesnel for his master, as also certain 
 portions of his other estates. The Marquis d'Esgrigon, al- 
 though not an emigre, had been obliged to hide himself. 
 He took part in the struggle of the Vendeans against the 
 Republic, and was a member of the Royalist committee of 
 Alengon. In 1800, at the age of fifty, in order to continue 
 his race, he married Mile, de Nouastre, who died in child- 
 bed, leaving the marquis an only son. M. d'Esgrignon was in 
 total ignorance of this boy's escapades, which were glossed 
 
 * On the site where once stood the famous bal Mabille, which has been 
 demolished for over four years, there has been built a fine house inhabited 
 at this writing [December, 1896] by Professor Germain S6e. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 159 
 
 over by Chesnel [The Chouans, ^ — The Collection of An- 
 tiquities, a€C\. 
 
 Esgrignon, Madame d', nee Nouastre, of the purest and 
 most noble blood, married at twenty-two, in 1800, to the 
 Marquis Carol d'Esgrignon, a quinquagenarian. She died 
 shortly after giving birth to an only son. " In her were re- 
 vived the now imaginary graces of the feminine figures of the 
 sixteenth century; she was the prettiest of human beings" 
 [The Collection of Antiquities, aa\. 
 
 Esgrignon, Victurnien, Comte, then Marquis d', only 
 son of the above and the marquis her husband ; born about 
 1800, at Alengon. He was beautiful and intelligent; raised 
 by his aunt Armande d'Esgrignon with indulgence and ex- 
 treme kindness, he abandoned all her innocent sophistries for 
 the open egoism of the age. At eighteen years of age he 
 had wasted eighty thousand francs, without either his father's 
 or aunt's knowledge, the devoted Chesnel paying all. Young 
 d'Esgrignon was urged on his willful way by an accomplice of 
 his own age, Fabien du Ronceret, a perfidious flatterer, who 
 was paid by M. du Croisier. About 1823 Victurnien cje 
 Esgrignon was sent to Paris; by ill-luck he fell into the 
 society of the Parisian roues, Marsay, Ronquerolles, Trailles, 
 Chardin des Lupeaulx, Vandenesse, Ajuda-Pinto, Beaudenord, 
 Martial de la Roche-Hugon, and Manerville, all of whom he 
 met at the houses of the Marquise d'Espard, the Duchesses 
 de Grandlieu, de Carigliano, and de Chaulieu ; beside those 
 of the Marquises d'Aiglemont and de Listomere, and Mme. 
 Firmiani, and the Comtesse de Serizy, at the opera and the 
 ambassadors he was welcomed for his noble name and his 
 seeming great fortune. He soon became the Duchesse de 
 Maufrigneuse's lover ; she ruined him and he ended by forging 
 a note to the prejudice of M. du Croisier for one hundred 
 thousand francs. Taken by his aunt in all haste to Alengon, 
 he was with much trouble saved from judicial censure. 
 Following this he fought a duel with M. du Croisier, whom 
 
160 COMPENDIUM 
 
 he dangerously wounded ; notwithstanding this Victurnien 
 d'Esgrignon married Mile. Duval, the niece of the old con- 
 tractor, soon after the death of his father. He might as well 
 not have had a wife, for he led the jovial life of a bachelor 
 [The Collection of Antiquities, aa — Letters of Two Brides, IT]. 
 According to Marguerite Turquet, "that little d'Esgrignon 
 had been well rinsed out " by Antonia [A Man of Business, V\. 
 In 1832 Victurnien d'Esgrignon declared at Mme. d'Espard's, 
 before a numerous company, that the Princesse de Cadignan 
 (Mme. de Maufrigneuse) was a dangerous woman. "My 
 disgraceful marriage is entirely owing to her," added he 
 [The Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, z\. In 1838 
 Victurnien d'Esgrignon assisted with the artists, lorettes, and 
 men about town at the inauguration of the mansion given to 
 Josepha Mirah by the Due d'Herouville, Rue de la Ville- 
 r Eveque. The young marquis had been Josepha's lover before, 
 but he had again taken her, this time from Baron Hulot 
 [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Esgrignon, Marie-Armande-Claire d', born about 1775, 
 sister of the Marquis d'Esgrignon, aunt of Victurnien d'Es- 
 grignon, and to whom she filled the place of his mother with 
 the tenderest care. In his old age her father had married for 
 his second wife the young daughter of a farmer-general of 
 taxes, ennobled by Louis XIV. ; she was born of this union, 
 which was looked upon as a horrible mesalliance, and, although 
 the marquis dearly loved her, he looked upon her as a 
 stranger. He wept one day on recognizing her and said, 
 over a grave event: "You are an Esgrignon, my sister." 
 Emile Blondet, brought up at Alengon, knew and loved Mile. 
 Armande, as a child, and later he often spoke of her beauty 
 and virtues. She refused out of devotion to her nephew to 
 marry M. de la Roche-Guyon and the Chevalier de Valois ; 
 she also repulsed M. du Bousquier. She gave great and con- 
 stant proofs of her maternal affection for Victurnien, especially 
 at the time when, in Paris, he committed the crime which 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE, 161 
 
 might have placed him in the criminal dock of the Assize 
 Court only for the skillful work of Chesnel. She survived 
 her brother : '' Had she not outlived her creed and the beliefs 
 that had been destroyed?" About the middle of Louis- 
 Philippe's reign Blondet went to Alengon to look up the 
 papers necessary for his marriage, and could not contemplate 
 that noble figure without emotion [Jealousies of a Country 
 Town, AA\ 
 
 Espard, Charles-Maurice-Marie-Andoche, Comte de 
 Negrepelisse, Marquis d' ; born in the latter part of 1788. 
 A Negrepelisse by name, he was of an old Southern family 
 which assumed, by a marriage under Henri IV., the estates 
 and titles of the family d'Espard, du Beam, which was also a 
 connection of the house d'Albret. The device on the blazon 
 of the Espards was : Des partem ieonis. The Negrepelisses, 
 militant Catholics, were ruined at the epoch of the religious 
 wars, but were afterward considerably enriched by the spolia- 
 tion of a family of protestant merchants, the Jeanrenauds, the 
 head of which had been hanged on the revocation of the edict 
 of Nantes. These wrongfully acquired lands had marvelously 
 increased in value to the benefit of the Negrepelisse-d'Espards; 
 the grandfather of the marquis was able, thanks to his fortune, 
 to marry a Navarreins-Lansac, a very rich heiress, her father 
 being a Grandlieu of the younger branch. The Marquis 
 d'Espard married, in 181 2, Mile, de Blamont-Chauvry, then 
 sixteen years old ; by her he had two sons, but discord soon 
 arose between the couple. By her foolish lavishness Mme. 
 d'Espard compelled the marquis to borrow largely, and he 
 left her in 1816. With his children he was located at No. 22 
 Rue de la Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve, in the old Duperron 
 hotel,* where he devoted himself to the education of his sons 
 and the composition of a great work: ''The Picturesque His- 
 tory of China," from the profits of which, added to the 
 
 * This house has disappeared, being razed for the opening of the Rue 
 des Ecoles. 
 11 
 
162 COMPENDIUM 
 
 savings acquired during his austere life, he hoped to make 
 restitution in twelve years to the heirs of the executed Jean- 
 renaud of eleven hundred thousand francs, which represented 
 the value of the estates acquired from them in the time of 
 Louis XIV. and confiscated from their grandfather. This 
 *' Picturesque History of China" was written, so it was said, 
 in collaboration with Abbe Crozier ; the financial results were 
 also shared by a ruined friend, M. de Nouvion. In 1828 Mme. 
 d'Espard tried to have an interdiction placed on her husband, 
 and opposed the marquis' noble conduct, but he defended it, 
 and was declared by the court to be in full possession of his 
 faculties [The Commission in Lunacy, c]. Lucien de Rubem- 
 pre, who was told by the attorney-general, Granville, of this 
 affair, was undoubtedly no stranger to the fact of a judgment 
 having been rendered in favor of M. d'Espard ; but he only 
 by this brought down upon him the hate of the marquise [The 
 Harlot's Progress, Y, Z\ 
 
 Espard, Camille, Vicomte d*, second son of the Marquis 
 d'Espard; born in 1815 ; with his elder brother, Comte 
 Clement de Negrepelisse, he was a student at the college of 
 Henri IV.; in 1828 he was a rhetorician [The Commission in 
 Lunacy, c\. 
 
 Espard, Chevalier d', the Marquis d'Espard's brother; 
 he wished to see an interdiction granted, and hoped to be 
 nominated the curator of his estate ; his face was thin as a 
 knife-blade, and his manner cold and harsh. According to 
 Judge Popinot, he had a look of Cain. He was one of the 
 most profound persons in the Marquise d'Espard's salon and 
 "half the policy" of that woman [The Harlot's Progress, Y 
 — The Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, ^. 
 
 Espard, Jeanne-Clementine-Athenais de Blamont- 
 Chauvry, Marquise d' ; born in 1795; wife of the Marquis 
 d'Espard ; of one of the most illustrious houses of the faubourg 
 Saint-Germain. Deserted by her husband in 1816, at twenty- 
 two, she became the mistress of herself and her fortune, which 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE 163 
 
 consisted of an income of twenty-six thousand francs. At 
 this time she lived a retired life; then, in 1820, she put in an 
 appearance at the Court, gave fetes, and took steps to become 
 a woman of the world. She was now seated ''on the throne 
 upon which so brilliantly had sat the Vicomtesse de Beauseant, 
 the Duchesse de Langeais, and Mme. Firmiani, who after her 
 marriage had resigned the sceptre into the hands of the 
 Duchesse de Maufrigneuse, who had been plucked up by Mme. 
 d'Espard." Cold, egotistical, and a coquette, she possessed 
 neither hate nor love ; she treated everybody with the like 
 profound indifference. She moved but little; from the scien- 
 tists she had processes to preserve her beauty; she never 
 wrote, but spoke; she remarked that two words from a woman 
 were sufficient to kill three men. Many times when in argu- 
 ment she had made epigrams on the deputies, peers, and the 
 courts that made the rounds of Europe. Among men she was 
 still young in 1828, and seemed to belong to the future; when 
 they were present at her drawing-rooms she always noticed 
 Messrs. de Marsay, de Ronquerolles, de Montriveau, Martial 
 de la Roche-Hugon, de Serizy, Ferraud, Maxime de Trailles, 
 Listomere, the two Vandenesses, Sixte du Chdtelet, and the 
 two famous bankers Nucingen and du Tillet. Mme. d'Espard 
 lived at No. 104 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honore [The Com- 
 mission in Lunacy, c]. She was a superb Celimene. She 
 displayed much prudence and severity when she separated 
 from her husband, and society was unable to penetrate the 
 secret of their parting. She was surrounded by the Navar- 
 reins, the Blamont-Chauvrys, and the Lenoncourts, her rela- 
 tives; and was visited by women of the highest rank. A 
 cousin of Mme. de Bargeton, whom she reclaimed when she 
 arrived in Paris from Angouleme in 1821, she was her guide 
 in Paris, and initiated her into all the secrets of fashionable 
 life and drew her away from Lucien de Rubempre. Soon 
 after, while the ''Distinguished Provincial " was still a par- 
 venu, she had him received into high society through Mme, 
 
164 COMPENDIUM 
 
 de Montcornet, and enlisted him in the Royalist party [A 
 Distinguished Provincial at Paris, iMT]. In 1824 she is found 
 at an opera-ball, whither she had been brought by an anony- 
 mous note, and where, on the arm of Sixte du Chatelet, she 
 came face to face with Lucien de Rubempre, whose beauty 
 struck her; but he appeared not to recognize her. The poet 
 took revenge for her old disdain by quilps, and Jacques Collin 
 (Vautrin), masked, caused the marquise much uneasiness by 
 making her believe that Lucien was the author of the note 
 and that he was her lover [The Harlot's Progress, Y\ The 
 Chaulieus were in frequent communication with her at the 
 time when their daughter Louise had as a lover the Baron de 
 Macumer [Letters of Two Brides, v\. In spite of the mute 
 opposition of the faubourg Saint-Germain, after the Revolu- 
 tion of 1830, the marquise did not close her salon; she was 
 unwilling to renounce her influence over Paris ; at this time 
 she was intimate with one or two women of her world and 
 with Mile, des Touches [Another Study of Woman, l\ She 
 received on Wednesdays. In 1833 she attended a soiree at 
 the house of the Princesse de Cadignan, where de Marsay re- 
 vealed the secret of the abduction of Senator Malin in 1806 
 [A Historical Mystery, ff\ In spite of the cruel words 
 spoken against her by the Marquise d'Espard, the Princesse 
 de Cadignan told Daniel d'Arthez that the marquise was her 
 best friend ; at the same time she was a relation of hers [The 
 Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, ;^]. Out of jealousy for 
 Mme. Felix de Vandenesse, Mme. d'Espard encouraged the 
 incipient relations of that young woman with the poet Nathan ; 
 she much wished to compromise her, for she considered that 
 she was her rival. In 1835 the marquise defended the vaude- 
 ville against Lady Dudley, who said it caused her much suffer- 
 ing, as for that, said she, it was like Louis XIV. and the 
 Teniers; Mme. d'Espard held that *^ vaudevilles were cer- 
 tainly very charming comedies" ; she was much amused over 
 it [A Daughter of Eve, Y\ In 1840, as she was leaving the 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 165 
 
 Italiens,* Mme. d'Espard humiliated Mme. de Rochefide, 
 turning her back on her; all the women imitated her, and 
 none took notice of the mistress of Calyste du Guenic [Bea- 
 trix, jP]. For the rest, the Marquise d'Espard was one of the 
 most impertinent persons of her age ; but her house, as was 
 said by an old academician, was " the palace of the re- 
 nowned " [The Deputy for Arcis, _DX>]. 
 
 Estival, Abbe d', a provincial priest, a Lenten preacher in 
 1840 at the church of Saint- Jacques du Haut-Pas, Paris. Theo- 
 dose de la Peyrade told Mme. Colleville that he had vowed 
 through predilection to labor in the interest of the poorer 
 classes ; by his unction and intelligence he redeemed a but 
 little agreeable exterior [The Middle Classes, ee]. 
 
 Estorade, Baron, then Comte de l', a little gentleman 
 of Provence, father of Louis de V Estorade ; a very Christian 
 and miserly old man who hoarded up for his son. He lost 
 his wife about 1814; she died of grief that her son did not 
 come and at not having had any news of him since the battle 
 of Leipsic. M. de 1' Estorade was an excellent grandfather. 
 He died at the end of 1826 [Letters of Two Brides, v\. 
 
 Estorade, Louis, Chevalier, then Vicomte and Comte 
 DE l', a peer of France, president in the Chamber of the 
 Court of Accounts, grand officer of the Legion of Honor; 
 born in 1787; son of the preceding. After being for a long 
 time withdrawn from the conscription under the Empire, he 
 was at length sent to the army in 1813, and served in the Guard 
 of Honor. At Leipsic he was taken prisoner by the Russians and 
 did not return to France until the Restoration. He suffered 
 terribly in Siberia ; at thirty-seven he looked fifty. Pallid, 
 lean, taciturn, and rather deaf, he had much resemblance to the 
 Knight of the Rueful Countenance. He had a fancy for 
 Renee de Maucombe, who, in 1824, he in fact married with- 
 out a portion. Urged on by his wife he became ambitious; 
 he left Crampade, his Provencal domain, and, although a 
 * Then in the Salle de I'Odeon. 
 
166 COMPENDIUAf 
 
 very ordinary man, attained the highest political offices 
 and positions [Letters of Two Brides, V — The Deputy for 
 Arcis, Dl>]. 
 
 Estorade, Madame de l', born in 1809, Renee de Mau- 
 combe, of a very ancient Provencal family, established in the 
 Gemenos valley, twenty kilometres from Marseilles. She was 
 brought up in a convent of the Carmellitesat Blois, and there 
 knew Louise de Chaulieu ; the two friends remained constant 
 to each other; they exchanged a long correspondence with 
 each other, during a great number of years, on life, love, and 
 marriage, in which the sage Renee gave the passionate Louise 
 good and prudent counsel. In 1836 Mme. de 1' Estorade 
 hastened to the provinces to attend the last moments of her 
 friend, then become Mme. Marie Gaston. Married at the 
 age of seventeen when she was just come from the convent, 
 Renee de Maucombe bore her husband three children ; these 
 she loved as she had never loved him ; she devoted her life to 
 her maternal duties [Letters of Two Brides, v]. In 1838-39 
 the quietude of this sage person was disturbed by her meeting 
 with Dorlange-Sallenauve ; she thought she might desire him 
 and defended her secret penchant for that man. She re- 
 sembled, like a sister, Marianina de Lanty. Both had in fact 
 the same father, M. de Maucombe, but Marianina was the 
 legitimate daughter of M. de Lanty [The Deputy for 
 Arcis, X)J>]. In 1841, Mme. de I'Estorade said of M. and 
 Mme. Savinien de Portenduere : " They are the prettiest and 
 handsomest couple I have ever seen " [Ursule Mirouet, ff ]. 
 
 Estorade, Armand de l', eldest son of M. and Mme. 
 de I'Estorade; godson of Louise de Chaulieu, successively 
 Baronne de Macumer and Mme. Marie Gaston. Born De- 
 cember, 1825. He studied in the college of Henri IV. He 
 was not liked by Sallenauve [Letters of Two Brides, v]. 
 
 Estorade, Ren^ de l', M. and Mme. de I'Estorade's 
 second child. He is spoken of in his childhood as being bold 
 and adventurous ; he had an iron will, and his mother was 
 
COMAdIE HUMAINE. 167 
 
 convinced that he would make '' the most cunning sailor in the 
 world " [Letters of Two Brides, v\. 
 
 Estorade, Jeanne- Athenais de l', daughter and third 
 child of M. and Mme de I'Estorade. She was generally- 
 called by the abbreviation of *'Nais." 
 
 Estourny, Charles d', the name of a young man of fash- 
 ion, Paris, who went to Havre, under the Restoration, to see 
 the ocean ; he was received by the Mignon family and ran 
 away with Bettina-Caroline, the eldest daughter. He after- 
 ward deserted her, and she died of grief. In 1827 Charles 
 d'Estourny was convicted by the police of continually cheat- 
 ing at play [Modeste Mignon, lSi\ A Georges-Marie Des- 
 tourny, called Georges d'Estourny, was the son of a bailiff at 
 Boulcnge, near Paris, and was without doubt the same man 
 as Charles d'Estourny, who was for a short time Esther van 
 Gobseck's (la Torpille) protector. He was born about 1801, 
 and, after receiving a brilliant education, was by his father 
 left without any resources ; he was compelled to sell his posi- 
 tion under bad conditions. Georges d'Estourny speculated 
 on the Bourse with the money of women who had confidence 
 in him. After his conviction, he left Paris without paying the 
 different accounts. He was employed by Cerizet, and after- 
 ward became his partner in the same business. He was a 
 pretty bachelor, a hail-fellow-well-met, and as generous as a 
 robber-chief. Bixiou, by reason of his trickeries, and at the 
 time he was before the court, nicknamed him " Tricks at 
 Cards" [The Harlot's Progress, Y — A Man of Business,^]. 
 
 Etienne & Co., merchants at Paris under the Empire. 
 They had dealings with the Guillaumes, dry goods dealers. 
 Rue Saint-Denis, who foresaw their failure and listened "with 
 anxiety, as if at the play" [At the Sign of the Cat and 
 Racket, f]. 
 
 Eugene, a Corsican, colonel of the sixth regiment of the 
 line, almost entirely composed of Italians, who first entered 
 Tarragone in 1808. Colonel Eugene, a second Murat, was of 
 
168 COMPENDIUM 
 
 extraordinary bravery ; his regiment was formed of a species 
 of bandits [The Maranas, e\. 
 
 Eugenie, the Christian pseudonym of Prudence Servien. 
 See the last named. 
 
 Euphrasie, a courtesan of Paris, under the Restoration 
 and in the reign of Louis-Philippe. A pretty and graceful 
 blonde with blue eyes and a melodious voice, a very candid 
 manner, but profoundly depraved, and an expert in refined 
 vices; in 1821 she gave the notary Crottat's second clerk a 
 hideous complaint from which he died. She lived at that 
 time on the Rue Feydeau. Euphrasie pretended that in her 
 early youth she had passed whole days and nights in learning 
 love, which had been left her as a heritage. With the bru- 
 nette Aquilina, Euphrasie took part in a famous orgie at the 
 house of Frederic Taillefer, Rue Joubert, in company with 
 Emile Blondet, Rastignac, Bixiou, and Raphael de Valentin. 
 She is later seen at the Italiens theatre with the .centenarian 
 antiquarian who sold Raphael the celebrated '' Wild Ass' 
 Skin ; " she consumed the old merchant's treasures [Melmoth 
 Reconciled, cf — The Wild Ass' Skin, A\ 
 
 Europe, the name assumed by Prudence Servien. See 
 the last name. 
 
 Evangelista, Madame, nee Casa-Real in 1781, of a great 
 Spanish family collaterally descended from the Due d'Albe and 
 allied to the Claes of Douai ; a creole who went to Bordeaux 
 in 1800 with her husband, a great Spanish financier. She 
 was a widow in 1813, her daughter living with her. She was 
 in utter ignorance of the value of money and never resisted 
 any of her caprices. One morning, in 1821, she called in 
 the broker-expert, Elie-Magus, to make an estimate on her 
 magnificent diamonds, in the midst of which figured a certain 
 **discreto," a superb stone, old and historical. Tired of a 
 provincial life she favored the marriage of her daughter to 
 Paul de Manerville, in order to follow the young household 
 to Paris, whither she went with a great equipage and again 
 
COMAdiE HUMAINE. 169 
 
 exercised her power. She was very astute in settling the 
 arrangements for the marriage, when her notary, Maitre Sol- 
 onet, was brought to the point of wishing to marry her, and 
 fought with heat against Maitre Mathias, Manerville's scriv- 
 ener. To all appearance she was an excellent woman ; she 
 knew, though, like Catherine de Medicis, how to hate and 
 wait [A Marriage Settlement, ad\. 
 
 Evangelista, Natalie, daughter of Mme. Evangelista; 
 married to Paul de Manerville. See that name. 
 
 Evelina, a noble young woman, wealthy and well brought 
 up ; of a very austere Jansenist family ; a friend of and sought 
 in marriage by Benassis, at the commencement of the Restora- 
 tion. Evelina responded to the love of Benassis, but her 
 parents opposed the union of the young people. Becoming 
 free, Evelina died, and the doctor did not long survive her 
 [The Country Doctor, C]. 
 
 Faille & Bouchet, Parisian perfumers, who failed in 
 1818. They had ordered ten thousand phials of an absurd 
 shape which Anselme Popinot bought at four sous each on six 
 months, with the intention of filling them with ''cephalic 
 oil," invented by Cesar Birotteau [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Falcon, Jean, called Beaupied, or oftener Beau-Pied, a 
 sergeant in the 72d demi-brigade, in 1799, under the com- 
 mand of Colonel Hulot. Jean Falcon was the butt of his 
 company ; he was then serving in the artillery [The Chou- 
 ans, J5]. In 1808, still under Hulot's command, it formed 
 part of the Spanish army and of the troops commanded by 
 Murat ; in that year he was a witness to the death of the 
 French surgeon, Bega, who was assassinated by a Spaniard 
 [Muse of the Department, CC\ In 1841 he was his old 
 colonel's factotum, now become marshal ; he served him 
 thirty years [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
170 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Falcon, Marie- Cornelie, a celebrated cantatrice of the 
 opera; born at Paris, January 28, 1812. On July 20, 1832, 
 she made her debut with eclat, in the part of Alice,^ in 
 ** Robert the Devil," and later created with equal success 
 "Rachael the Jewess " and Valentin in the "Huguenots." 
 In 1836 Conti, the composer, declared to Calyste du Guenic 
 that he was rendered crazy by this singer, " the most beautiful 
 and the youngest of her day ;" he wished to marry her, he 
 said, but it is probable that this talk was only to the end of 
 annoying Calyste, who was in love with the Marquise de 
 Rochefide, and of whom at that time the musician was the 
 lover [Beatrix, J*]. Cornelie Falcon disappears from the 
 stage in 1840, after a celebrated soiree, when before a deeply 
 affected public she wept her voice away. She was married to 
 a financier, M. Malengon ; she is now a grandmother. Ma- 
 dame Falcon's name has, in the provinces, been given to 
 designate "soprani" tragic singers. "La Vierge de 1' Opera," 
 an interesting recital by M. Emmanuel Gonzales, contains, 
 we are told, certain episodes in her life. 
 
 Falleix, Martin, Auvergnat, a copper-founder, Rue du 
 Faubourg Saint- Antoine, Paris; born about 1796; he went 
 from the provinces to Paris with his caldron on his back. Pa- 
 tronized by Bidault, called Gigonnet, who lent him money at 
 a high rate of interest, he was by that usurer introduced to 
 Saillard, a cashier in the Bureau of Finance, and who with his 
 savings helped him start a foundry. At the exposition of 
 1824 Martin Failleix obtained the gold medal for an invention 
 of his. Mme. Baudoyer undertook this man's education, and 
 intended him for her son-in-law; on his part he was engaged 
 in advancing the interests of his future father-in-law [Les Em- 
 ployes, cc\. About 1826 he discussed on the Bourse with du 
 Tillet, Werbrust, and Claparon, the third liquidation of Baron 
 de Nucingen, which definitely founded the fortune of the 
 celebrated Alsacian banker [The Firm of Nucingen, f]. 
 * Really created by Madame Dorus-Gras, who is still living. 
 
COMtDIE HUMAINE. 171 
 
 Falleix, Jacques, brother of the preceding ; stockbroker, 
 one of the most wily and wealthy; successor to Jules Desma- 
 rets, Rue St. Georges,* broker and stockbroker to the firm of 
 Nucingen. He had a ** little house" at that address very 
 elegantly furnished for his mistress, Mme. du Val-Noble. 
 The victim of one of Nucingen's liquidations, he failed in 
 1829 [Les Employes, CC — Ferragus, hh — The Harlot's Pro- 
 gress, Y]. 
 
 Fanchette, a servant in the house of Doctor Rouget, 
 Issoudun, at the end of the eighteenth century ; a fat woman 
 of Berri, who, before la Cognette, was reputed to be the best 
 cook in the town [A Bachelor's Establishment, e7]. 
 
 Fanjat, a physician and something of an alienist, uncle 
 of Comtesse Stephanie de Vandieres, who was thought to have 
 perished in the disastrous Russian campaign ; after his return 
 he met her, insane, near Strasbourg, in 1816. He had her 
 taken in the vicinity of I'lsle-Adam, Seine-et-Oise, to an old 
 convent of the Bons-Hommes, there he tended her with a 
 tender solicitude, but had the sorrow of seeing her die, in 
 1819, during a tragic scene in which, as by a blow, she re- 
 covered her reason and recognized her old lover, Philippe de 
 Sucy, whom she had not seen since 1812 [Farewell, e\. 
 
 Fanny, an old servant in the service of Lady Brandon at 
 la Grenadiere,f under the Restoration. She was her *' mis- 
 tress' eyes" and worshiped her; after her death she took her 
 two children to a cousin of hers at Tours, on the Rue Guer- 
 clie, therej lived with them until the eldest joined the navy, 
 leaving the youngest to go to college under Fanny's charge, 
 and left with her the whole of his inheritance [La Grena- 
 didre,/]. 
 
 * Part of that street is comprised between the Rue Saint-Lazare and the 
 Place Saint-Georges, called, up to 185 1, the Rue Neuve-Saint-Georges. 
 
 f According to our friend Renault, of the journal " Le Balzac," la 
 Grenadi^re is still in existence. 
 
 \ Now the Rue Marceau. 
 
172 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Fanny, a romantic young girl, the only daughter of a 
 banker at Paris. One evening in her father's house she asked 
 Bavarois Hermann to *'tell us another dreadful, thrilling 
 story." She innocently brought up the death of Frederic 
 Taillefer, who had been guilty, while she was still a girl, of 
 unknowingly assassinating a merchant, and the story of which 
 was told before her by the stranger [The Red House, c^]. 
 
 Fario, an old Spaniard, a prisoner of war at Issoudun, 
 under the Empire. After the peace he remained in the 
 country, where he did a small trade in grain. He was a native 
 of Grenada and had been a peasant. He was the butt of the 
 greatest rascals in that section, the '* Knights of Idlesse," and 
 he avenged himself by stabbing their chief, Maxence Gilet. 
 This attempted assassination was for a time imputed to Joseph 
 Bridau. Fario ended by obtaining full satisfaction of his in- 
 stinctive vindictiveness by seeing his adversary fall in a duel, 
 mortally wounded, at the hands of Philippe Bridau ; Gilet had 
 already been demoralized by the presence of the grain dealer 
 on the field of combat [A Bachelor's Establishment, e7]. 
 
 Farrabesche, an old convict, one of the keepers on 
 Mme. Graslin's estate at Montegnac, under Louis-Philippe; 
 of an old Correze family. Born about 1791, and had had an 
 elder brother who was killed at Montebello, in 1800; a cap- 
 tain at twenty-two, by his heroic death he saved Consul Bona- 
 parte's army; another brother died while a sergeant of the 
 first regiment of the Guards, at Austerlitz, in 1805. Farra- 
 besche, himself, had been on the point of entering the ser- 
 vice, but at the time he was about being called on he fled to 
 the forest. He affiliated with the Chauffeurs, was accused of 
 numerous assassinations, and condemned to death for con- 
 tumacy. At the instance of Abbe Bonnet, he surrendered 
 himself at the commencement of the Restoration and was 
 sent to the hulks, whence he returned after serving ten years, in 
 1827. In April, 1830, he was rehabilitated and his citizen- 
 ship restored ; he married Catherine Curieux, by whom he 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 173 
 
 had had a child. Abbe Bonnet and Mme. Graslin were the 
 benefactors and counselor of Farrabesche [The Country Par- 
 son, F\ 
 
 Farrabesche, Madame, nee Catherine Curieux, about 
 1798. The daughter of tenants of the Messrs. Brezac at 
 Vizay, the most important market-town in Correze ; Farra- 
 besche's mistress in the last days of the Empire ; by him she 
 had a son when she was seventeen years old; she was soon 
 separated from her lover, who was sent to the hulks, from 
 whence he returned to Paris, where she was at that time in 
 service. In this last place she was the servant of an old 
 woman, whom she treated with every care and devotion, but 
 who died and left her nothing. In 1833 ^^^ returned to her 
 own country after leaving the hospital, where she had been 
 cured of an illness brought on by overwork, but she still re- 
 mained very weak ; at this time she married her old lover. 
 Catherine Curieux was tall, well made, white, sweet, and re- 
 fined by her sojourn in Paris, though she could neither read 
 nor write. Three of her sisters were married : one at Aubus- 
 son, another at Limoges, and the last at St. Leonard [The 
 Country Parson, JP]. 
 
 Farrabesche, Benjamin, son of Farrabesche and Cathe- 
 rine Curieux; born in 1815 ; raised by his mother's parents 
 until 1827, then taken again by his father, who dearly loved 
 him, though his character was energetic and savage [The 
 Country Parson, ^]. 
 
 Faucombe, Madame de, sister of Mme. des Touches and 
 aunt of Felicite des Touches (Camille Maupin) ; a nun at 
 Chelles to whom Felicite was confided on her mother's death 
 in 1793. The nun took her niece to Faucombe, a large 
 estate near Nantes belonging to the deceased mother, and 
 there she died of fear in 1794 [Beatrix, J*]. 
 
 Faucombe, De, great-uncle on the maternal side of 
 Felicite des Touches; born about 1734; died in 1814. He 
 lived at Nantes, and was married in his old age to a young. 
 
174 COMPENDIUM 
 
 frivolous woman, to whom he abandoned the whole of his 
 affairs. A passionate archaeologist, he now gave attention to 
 the education of his grand-niece, who had been brought to 
 him in 1794, after the death of Mme. de Faucombe, the 
 former nun at Chelles ; in a way Felicite grew up to woman- 
 hood without any direction being given to her studies ; she 
 read books that she selected herself [Beatrix, 2^]. 
 
 Faustina, a young woman of Argontan, who was executed 
 in 1813, at Mortagne, for killing her child. In 1816 Suzanne, 
 the future Mme. du Val- Noble, evoked the memory of the 
 ** beautiful Faustine " before M. du Bousquier to obtain 
 money from him, on the pretext that he was the cause of her 
 being in the family-way [The Old Maid, aa?^. 
 
 Felicie, chambermaid of Mme. Diard, Bordeaux, in 1823 
 [The Maranas, e]. 
 
 Felicite, a fat, ruddy, cross-eyed girl, servant of Mme. 
 Vauthier, who kept a "furnished-rooms" house on the Rue 
 Notre-Dame-des-Champs and the Boulevard du Montparnasse, 
 under Louis-Philippe [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Felix, an office boy of Attorney-General Granville's in 
 1830 [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ^\ 
 
 Fendant, an old first-clerk of the Vidal & Porchon firm ; 
 Cavalier's partner. Both were bookseller-publisher-commis- 
 sion men. Rue Serpente, Paris, about 1821. They had deal- 
 ings at that time with Lucien Chardon de Rubempre. The 
 name of the firm was properly Fendant & Cavalier; half- 
 knaves, they passed for being cunning. The while Cavalier 
 traveled, Fendant, the slyest of the two, managed the business 
 [x\ Distinguished Provincial at Paris, iMT]. 
 
 Ferdinand, the real name of Ferdinand du Tillet. 
 
 Ferdinand, the pseudonym of one of the principal actors 
 in the Breton insurrection of 1799 5 o"^ ^^ ^^""^ companions of 
 the Messrs. du Guenic, la Billardidre, Fontaine, and Mon- 
 tauran [The Chouans, ^ — Beatrix, j?]. 
 
 Fere'dia, Comte Bagos pe, a Spanish prisoner of war at 
 
COMADIE nUMAINE. 175 
 
 Vendome, under the Empire ; the lover of Mme. de Merret. 
 He was surprised one evening by the inopportune return of 
 her husband and took refuge in a closet, the entrance to which 
 was walled up by the order of M. de Merret, and he there 
 heroically died without giving utterance to a cry [The Great 
 Breteche, l\ 
 
 Feret, Athanase, a clerk in the office of Maitre Bordin, 
 procureur to the Chatelet, in 1787 [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Ferragus XXIII. See Bourignard. 
 
 Ferraro, Comte, an Italian colonel who had been known 
 by Castanier, and by him alone, to have died in the Zembin 
 marshes, under the Empire ; after signing the bogus bills of 
 exchange he intended to be safe in Naples as Comte Ferraro, 
 while they were '' on his track " elsewhere [Melmoth Recon- 
 ciled, (jC\. 
 
 Ferraud, Comte, son of an old councilor of the parlement 
 of Paris, who emigrated under the Terror and found himself 
 ruined by that event. Born in 1781 ; returning to France 
 under the Consulate he was received by Napoleon, whose 
 offers he refused. He remained constant to the interests of 
 Louis XVIII. Of a graceful appearance, he met with success 
 in the faubourg Saint-Germain and became famed therein. 
 About 1809 he married the widow of Colonel Chabert, who 
 owned an income of thirty thousand francs ; by her he had 
 two children, a boy and a girl. He lived on the Rue de 
 Varenne and had a beautiful villa in the valley of Montmor- 
 ency. Under the Restoration he was appointed director of 
 a ministry and a councilor of State [Colonel Chabert, ^]. 
 
 Ferraud, Comtesse, nte Rose Chapotel, wife of Comte 
 Ferraud. She had before that been married, under the Re- 
 public or at the beginning of the Empire, to an officer called 
 Hyacinthe Chabert, who had been left for dead on the field 
 of battle at Eylau, 1807, and who endeavored, in 1818, to 
 recover his rights as her husband. Colonel Chabert said that 
 he had picked up Rose Chapotel at the Palais-Royal, in a bad 
 
176 COMPENDIUM 
 
 house. Under the Restoration this woman, become a coun- 
 tess, was one of fashion's queens in the Parisian world. 
 Brought" into the presence of her first husband she pretended 
 not to know him, then, disguising her hatred of him, she 
 cajoled him into relinquishing his rights [Colonel Chabert, i]. 
 Countess Ferraud was Louis XVIII. 's last mistress and 
 remained in the favor of the Court of Charles X. In 1824 
 she, with Mesdames de Listomdre, d'Espard, de Camps, and 
 de Nucingen, was invited to the soirees of the minister of 
 Finance [Les Employes, cc\ 
 
 Ferraud, Jules, son of Comte Ferraud and Rose Chapotel, 
 Comtesse Ferraud. While yet a child he is found one day at 
 his mother's in the presence of Colonel Chabert ; when he saw 
 his mother crying, he angrily asked the officer if he was the 
 cause of his mother's grief. She turned her two children into 
 a maternal comedy, which she played on the colonel, and 
 obtained a successful issue over the simple soldier [Colonel 
 Chabert, %\. 
 
 Fessard, a grocer at Saumur, under the Restoration. He 
 supplied the Grandets. One day he was astonished at see- 
 ing Nanon, their servant, buy some wax-candles and asked 
 her if ** the three magi were staying with them" [Eugenie 
 Grandet, JE^]., 
 
 Fichet, Mademoiselle, the richest heiress of Issoudun, 
 under the Restoration. Godet junior, one of the *' Knights 
 of Idlesse," loved Mile. Fichet's mother, without the hope, 
 of being recompensed for his drudgery by the hand of the 
 young girl [A Bachelor's Establishment, eT"]. 
 
 Fil-de-Soie, one of the malefactor Sel^rier's nicknames. 
 See the last name. 
 
 Finot, Andoche, manager-editor of journals and reviews 
 
 under the Restoration and Louis-Philippe. Son of a hatter 
 
 on the Rue du Coq.* Abandoned by his father, a harsh and 
 
 stern trader, he made a wretched beginning. He composed 
 
 * Now the Rue Marengo. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE, 177 
 
 a startling prospectus of the " Cephalic Oil " for Popinot, the 
 first of the announcements inserted in the press ; he was in- 
 vited to the famous ball given by Cesar Birotteau in December, 
 1818. Andoche Finot was already in communication with 
 Felix Gaudissart, who actually took hold of the oil, on the 
 recommendation of the little Ansel me, like a ''courtier at the 
 sound of the bell." He was seemingly the editor of the 
 '' Courrier des Spectacles," and had a piece of his played at 
 the Gaite [Cesar Birotteau, O]. In 1820 he managed a little 
 theatrical paper, the office of which was situated on the Rue 
 du Sentier. A nephew of the captain of dragoons, Giroudeau, 
 he was one of the witnesses at Philippe Bridau's marriage to 
 Flore Brazier, the widow of J. J. Rouget [A Bachelor's Estab- 
 lishment, J\ In 1821 Finot's newspaper had on its staff 
 Etienne Lousteau, Hector Merlin, Felicien Vernou, Nathan, 
 F. du Bruel, and Blondet, and was then published on the 
 Rue Saint-Fiacre. At this time Lucien de Rubempre made 
 his debut in journalism by a remarkable account of " I'Alcade 
 dans I'embarras," a piece in three acts, played at the Pano- 
 rama-Dramatique. Finot's private residence just then was on 
 the Rue Feydeau [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, 3T\ 
 In 1824 he was at an opera-ball in a group of dandies and 
 men of letters who surrounded Lucien du Rubempre, who was 
 flirting v/ith Esther Gobseck [The Harlot's Progress, Y]. In 
 the same year Finot was a guest at a soiree at Rabourdin's, 
 chief of a bureau, and was gained to the cause of that func- 
 tionary through the influence of his friend Chardin des Lu- 
 peaulx, who asked him to give the voice of the press against 
 Baudoyer, Rabourdin's rival [Les Employes, cc\. He was a 
 guest at the breakfast given by Frederic Marest, in 1825, to 
 celebrate his entrance into the office of Desroches the attor- 
 ney; he was also at the orgie at Florine's which followed 
 [A Start in Life, s\. Gaudissart, in 1831, said of his friend 
 Finot that he had an income of thirty thousand francs, and 
 that he would most likely become a councilor of State, beside 
 12 
 
178 COMPENDIUM 
 
 being nominated a peer of France ; his aspiration was to finish 
 up as a '* stockholder " or coupon-clipper [Gaudissart the 
 Great, o]. In 1836, in the private dining-room of a cele- 
 brated restaurant, in company with Blondet, his follower, and 
 Couture, a man about town, he heard recited the financial 
 rogueries of Nucingen, wittily recounted by Bixiou [The Firm 
 of Nucingen, f\. Finot "hid a brutal will under a mild ex- 
 terior," and his *' impertinent stupidity was frothed with wit 
 as the bread of a laborer is rubbed with garlic " [The Harlot's 
 Progress, Y\ 
 
 Firmiani, a respectable quadragenarian, married, in 181 3, 
 her who afterward became Madame Octave de Camps. He 
 was not able, he said, to offer her more than his name and his 
 fortune ; he had been a receiver-general in the department of 
 Montenotte. He died in Greece, in 1823 [Madame Firmi- 
 ani, hi. 
 
 Firmiani, Madame. See Camps, Madame de. 
 
 Fischer, the name of three brothers, laborers in a village 
 situated on the far frontier of Lorraine, at the foot of the 
 Vosges ; they belonged to the army of the Rhine, following 
 the Republican requisitions. The first, Pierre, the father of 
 Lisbeth, called Cousin Betty, was killed, in 1815, in the 
 Francs-tireurs. The second, Andre, father of Adeline, who 
 became Baron Hulot's wife, died at Treves in 1820. The 
 third, Johann, became a clerk ; his acts of extortion, while a 
 contractor for provender for the troops in Algiers, in Oran, 
 caused him to commit suicide in 1841. He was more than 
 a septuagenarian when he killed himself [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Fischer, Adeline. See Hulot d'Ervy, Baronne Hector. 
 
 Fischer, Lisbeth, called Cousin Betty, born in 1796. 
 Raised a peasant; sacrificed in her infancy to her cousin- 
 german, the pretty Adeline, who was spoiled by all the 
 family. In 1809, called to Paris by Adeline's marriage, she 
 became an apprentice to the celebrated Pons Brothers, em- 
 broiderers to the Imperial Court. She became a very skillful 
 
COMiDIE HUMAINE. 179 
 
 worker and was about to establish herself in business, when 
 the downfall of the Empire occurred. Lisbeth Fischer re- 
 mained a Republican ; she was of a restive disposition, capri- 
 cious, independent, and of an inexplicably savage nature. 
 She always refused to marry, successively repulsing an employe 
 in the war office, a major, a provision contractor, a retired 
 captain, and a rich lace dealer, one after the other. Baron 
 Hulot nicknamed her ''nanny goat." She lived on the Rue 
 du Doyenne,^ where she worked for Rivet, Pons' successor ; 
 she there came to know her neighbor, Wenceslas Steinbock, 
 a Livonian exile, who had been brought by his poverty to 
 commit suicide, but was saved by her and who watched over 
 him with a stringent jealousy. Hortense Hulot found and 
 succeeded in seeing the Pole ; their marriage followed ; 
 Cousin Betty apparently concurred in it, but felt a deep resent- 
 ment against the couple, which she adroitly dissimulated, 
 and it ended in a terrible manner. By her Wenceslas was 
 introduced to the irresistible Mme. Marneffe, and the hap- 
 piness of this household was destroyed. She did the like by 
 Baron Hulot, and Lisbeth in secret favored his misconduct. 
 Lisbeth Fischer died in 1844, of pulmonary consumption, 
 but quite as much by the chagrin of seeing the Hulot family 
 reconstituted and united. The relatives of the old maid were 
 in total ignorance of her deep schemes ; they surrounded her 
 death-bed, cared for her, and wept over " the angel of the 
 family." Mile. Fischer died on the Rue Louis-le-Giand, after 
 having successively lived in Paris in the Rues du Doyenne, 
 Vaneau, Plumet,f and Montparnasse, where she looked after 
 the household of Marechal Hulot, of which she dreamed of 
 becoming the legitimate mistress, and which she little thought 
 would have to be put in mourning for its master [Cousin 
 Betty, w\ 
 
 Fitz- William, Miss Margaret, the daughter of a noble 
 
 * A street that the erection of the Louvre blotted out about 1855. 
 \ Now the Rue Oudinot. 
 
180 COMPENDIUM 
 
 and wealthy Irishman, who was the maternal uncle of Calyste 
 du Guenic and also cousin-german to that young man. Mme. 
 du Guenic, his mother, wished her son to marry Miss Margaret 
 [Beatrix, P]. 
 
 Flamet. See la Billardiere, Flamet de. 
 
 Fleurant, Mother; she kept a cafe at Croisic, which was 
 frequented by Jacques Cambremer [A Seaside Tragedy, e\. 
 
 Fleuriot, a grenadier in the Imperial Guard, of a colossal 
 height, to whom Philippe de Sucy confided Stephanie de 
 Vandieres, during the passage of the Beresina, in 1812. 
 Unfortunately separated from Stephanie the grenadier did not 
 find her again until 1816, in an inn at Strasbourg, at which she 
 had sought refuge, after having escaped from an insane asylum; 
 both of them were rescued by Dr. Fanjat, and by him taken 
 to Auvergne, where Fleuriot soon after died [Farewell, e\ 
 
 Fleury, an old captain of infantry, comptroller at the 
 Cirque-OIympique, and an employe under the Restoration in 
 the Bureau of Finance in Rabourdin's office. A subscriber, 
 but a bad payer, for " Victories and Conquests"; a zealous 
 Bonapartist and Liberal. His three great men were Napoleon, 
 Bolivar, and Beranger, of whom he knew by heart, and was 
 constantly singing, in a beautiful sonorous voice, all the songs 
 as they appeared. He was loaded with debts. His skill as a 
 fencer and pistol-shot preserved him from Bixiou's jests ; he 
 was equally brusque with Dutocq, who basely flattered him. 
 Fleury was discharged in December, 1824, after the appoint- 
 ment of Baudoyer as chief of a division ; he was mocked, he 
 said, by being soon after offered a position on a journal as 
 responsible editor [Les Employes, cc]. In 1840, while still 
 an employe at the theatre mentioned, Fleury became manager 
 of the "Echo de la Bievre," a newspaper of which Thuillier 
 was the proprietor [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Flicoteaux, the rival of .Rousseau I'Aquatique ; historic, 
 legendary, and Spartan restaurateur in the Latin quarter be- 
 tween Rues de la Harpe and des Gres (Cujas), frequented 
 
comAdie HVMAINE. 181 
 
 about 1821-22 by Daniel d'Arthez, Etienne Lousteau, and 
 Lucien Chardon de Rubempre [A Distinguished Provincial 
 at Paris, M\ 
 
 Florent, a partner of Chanor's ; both were manufacturers 
 and merchants in bronze, Rue des Tournelles, Paris, under 
 Louis-Philippe. The firm was properly known as Florent & 
 Chanor [Cousin Betty, w — Cousin Pons, x\ 
 
 Florentine. See Cabirolle, Agathe-Fiorentine. 
 
 Florimond, Madame, mercer. Rue Vieille-du-Temple, 
 Paris, 1844-45. Kept by a '* worn-out," she became his 
 heiress, thanks to Fraisier, her man of business ; she would 
 probably have married him as an acknowledgment only for 
 the terrible infirmity of that man [Cousin Pons, ac]. 
 
 Florine. See Nathan, Madame Raoul. 
 
 Florville, La, an actress at the Panorama-Dramatique in 
 182 1 ; she there had as comrades Coralie, Florine, and Bouffe 
 or Vignol. On the evening when " I'Alcade dans I'embarras " 
 had its first presentation she played, on the rise of the curtain, 
 in *' Bertram," a burlesque written by Raymond, and a skit on 
 a tragedy by Robert-Charles Maturin, a romancist and Irish 
 dramatist. La Florville was for some days the mistress of a 
 Russian prince, who kept her at St. Mande, and, for having 
 deprived the theatre of her services, paid 'a large sum to the. 
 manager as an indemnity [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, 3l\ 
 
 Foedora, Comtesse; born about 1805, of Russian origin; 
 popular and of marvelous beauty; married, possibly morgan- 
 atically, to a great lord of her nation. Become a widow, she 
 reigned in Paris in 1827. People believed her to have an 
 income of eighty thousand francs. At her drawing-rooms she 
 received all the famous people of the epoch, and there " all 
 the romantic productions which are never published are 
 brought out." Presented to the countess by Rastignac, 
 Raphael de Valentin became passionately charmed by her ; 
 but he went away one day, having learned this was a woman 
 
182 COMPENDIUM 
 
 "without a heart." She had a cruel memory and an address 
 that was the despair of a diplomatist ; although the Russian 
 ambassador did not receive her, she had the society of Mme. 
 de Serizy ; went to the homes of Mesdames de Nucingen and 
 de Restaud ; received the Duchesse de Carigliano, the mare- 
 chale being the most collet-monie of all the Bonapartist coterie. 
 She had heard too much of the young dudes and the son of 
 a peer of France, who had offered their names in exchange 
 for her fortune [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\ 
 
 Fontaine, Madame, a fortune-teller in Paris, Rue Vieille- 
 du-Temple, under Louis-Philippe. An old cook; born in 
 1767. She made lots of money; but, on the other hand, she 
 made heavy losses by the lottery. Since the abolition of 
 chance plays* she was amassing money for her nephew. 
 Mme. Fontaine was served in her divinations by an enormous 
 toad named Astaroth and one black hen with glistening ebony 
 feathers named Cleopatre or Bilouche. These two animals 
 profoundly impressed Sylvestre-Palafox-Castel Gazonal in 
 1845, ^^ "^^^ \\vc\Q when he was taken to the sorceress' home 
 by Leon de Lora and Bixiou. The Southerner asked in fact 
 that she give him five francs* worth ; the same year Mme. 
 Cibot, for a very grave occasion, gave one hundred francs for 
 a consultation. According to Bixiou, ''one-third the lorettes, 
 one-quarter the politicians, and half th® artists" consulted 
 Mme. Fontaine; she was the Hegira of a minister, and he 
 listened carefully to his "good fortune" as promised by 
 Bilouche. Leon de Lora said that he did nothing of import- 
 ance without taking the advice of Astaroth [The Unconscious 
 Mummers, 11 — Cousin Pons, Qc\ In 1839 Mme. Fontaine 
 was the friend and almost the partner of Mme. de Saint- 
 Esteve (Jacqueline Collin), then a matrimonial-broker [The 
 Deputy for Arcis, X)J>]. 
 
 Fontaine, Comte de, one of the chiefs of the Vendee in 
 1879 ; nicknamed the Grand-Jacques [The Chouans, ^]. One 
 ^ Similar to policy in this country and played twice daily. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. \%% 
 
 of Louis XVIII.'s intimates. Field marshal, councilor of 
 State, crown administrator extraordinary, a deputy, and after- 
 ward, under Charles X. , a peer of France ; decorated with 
 the Legion of Honor and the order of St. Louis. Head of 
 one of the most ancient families of Poitou, he was married to 
 a Demoiselle de Kergarouet, without fortune, but of one of 
 the very oldest families in Brittany, and whose mother was a 
 relative of the Rohans. He had three sons and three daugh- 
 ters. Of the three sons the eldest, president of the Chamber, 
 married a young girl whose father, many times a millionaire, 
 had been a salt merchant ; the second, a lieutenant-general, 
 married Mile. Mongenod, daughter of a rich banker, that the 
 aunt of the Due d'Herouville had refused for her nephew 
 [Modeste Mignon, £^] ; the third, then director-general of 
 the ministry of Finance, married the only daughter of M. 
 Grossetete, the receiver-general at Bourges. Of the three 
 daughters, the first was married to M. Planat of Baudry, re- 
 ceiver-general ; the second to a magistrate of bourgeois origin, 
 made noble by the King, the Baron de Villaine ; the third, 
 Emilie, married her old uncle, Comte de Kergarouet ; then, 
 when a widow, Marquis Charles de Vandenesse [The Sceaux 
 Ball, u\. Comte de Fontaine attended, with his family, the 
 famous ball given by Cesar Birotteau, Sunday, December 17, 
 1818, and after the perfumer's failure he procured him a place 
 under government [Cesar Birotteau, O]. He died in 1824 
 [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Fontaine, Emilie de. See Vandenesse, Marquise Charles 
 de. 
 
 Fontaine, Baronne de, nee Anna Grossetete, only 
 daughter of the receiver-general at Bourges ; brought up in 
 the Demoiselles Chamarolles' boarding-school with Dinah 
 Piedefer, who became Mme. de la Baudraye. Thanks to her 
 fortune she married the third son of Comte de Fontaine. 
 After her marriage she lived in Paris, where she engaged in a 
 lively correspondence with her old school-mate, located at 
 
184 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Sancerre ; she followed the fashions and manners in every 
 luxurious change. Baronne de Fontaine, on her way to Italy 
 with her husband, went to see Dinah at the sub-prefecture ; 
 she stayed there long enough for Mme. de la Baudraye to 
 compare the fashionable elegance of Paris with that of the 
 provinces. Later, at the first representation of a drama by 
 Nathan, about the middle of the reign of Louis-Philippe, 
 Anna de Fontaine pretended not to recognize the same Bar- 
 onne de la Baudraye, then known as Etienne Lousteau's mis- 
 tress [Muse of the Department, CO]. 
 . Fontanieu, Madame, a friend and neighbor of Mme. 
 Vernier Vouvray, 1831 ; the greatest gossip and laugher, and 
 the most renowned banterer in that country ; she was present 
 at the meeting between the crazy Margaritis and Felix Gaudis- 
 sart, when the drummer was so cleverly mystified [Gaudissart 
 the Great, o]. 
 
 Fontanon, Abbe, born about 1770. A canon in Bayeux 
 Cathedral at the beginning of the nineteenth century, he 
 '* directed the conscience " of Mile. Bontems. In November, 
 1808, he was appointed a priest in Paris and hoped to get a 
 curacy, and this to be followed by a bishopric \ he again be- 
 came Mile. Bontems' confessor, now married to M. de Gran- 
 ville, and helped to stir up trouble in that household by *' his 
 stern provincial Catholicism and inflexible bigotry." He 
 revealed to the wife the relationship existing between Gran- 
 ville and Caroline Crochard. He also troubled the last mo- 
 ments of her mother, Mme. Crochard [A Second Home, ;^]. 
 In December, 1824, at Saint-Roch, he delivered the funeral 
 oration over the remains of Baron Flamet de la Billardiere 
 [Les Emplo^^es, cc\. Before the year 1824, Abbe Fontanon 
 was vicar of Saint-Paul's Church, Rue Saint-Antoine [Honor- 
 ine, fe]. The confessor of Mme. de Lanty in 1839, he al- 
 ways delighted in intermeddling in family secrets ; he was 
 charged with a negotiation with Dorlange-Sallenauve, in refer- 
 ence to Marianina de Lanty [The Deputy for Arcis, JDJO]. 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 185 
 
 Fortin, Madame, Mme. Marneffe's mother. General de 
 Montcornet's mistress, who was loaded down with money in 
 her sojourn in Paris, all of which she dissipated, under the 
 Empire, in a life of folly; for twenty years all the world 
 was at her feet. She died poor, but believed herself to be 
 still rich. Her daughter had all the tastes of a courtesan 
 [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Fortin, Valerie, daughter of Marechal de Montcornet. 
 See Crevel, Madame. 
 
 Forzheim, Comte de. See Hulot, Marechal. 
 
 Fousseuse, La, orphan daughter of a grave-digger of that 
 name; born in 1807. Fragile, nervous, and independent and 
 insulated, she tried domestic service, then fell into the vaga- 
 bondage of a beggar. Brought up in a town in the vicinity 
 of Grenoble, where Doctor Benassis was located under the 
 Restoration, she became the object of the physician's par- 
 ticular care; he took a lively interest in that gentle, loyal, 
 and fantastical being, with such an impressionable nature. Al- 
 though plain, la Fousseuse nevertheless had a charm all her 
 own. Perhaps she secretly loved her benefactor [The Country 
 Doctor, C]. 
 
 Fouche, Joseph, Due d'Otrante; born near Nantes, in 
 1753; died in exile, at Trieste, in 1820. An orator, deputy 
 to the National Convention, councilor of State, minister of 
 police under the Consulate and the Empire, he still had charge 
 of the department of the Interior and of the government of 
 the Illyrienne provinces, and, finally, president of the pro- 
 visional government, in 1815. In the month of September, 
 1799, Colonel Hulot said: '' Bernadotte, Carnot, and every 
 one else down to citizen Talleyrand have abandoned us. 
 There is only one good patriot left, in fact, our friend Fouch6, 
 who has everything in his hands by police supervision. There 
 is a man for you." Fouche was Corentin's particular pro- 
 tector, and possibly his natural father. He was sent to Brit- 
 tany during the insurrection, at the beginning of the year 
 
186 COMPENDIUM 
 
 VIII., to accompany and direct Mile, de Verneuil's mission 
 for the seduction and capture of the Marquis de Montau- 
 ran, chief of the Chouans [The Chouans, ^]. In 1806 he 
 caused Senator Malin de Gondreville to be carried oif and 
 sequestrated for some days by masked agents of the police, in 
 order that he might have a better opportunity of searching for 
 any important papers which might be hidden in the castle; 
 these were not more compromising to the senator than to him- 
 self. This abduction was imputed to Michu, the Simeuses, 
 and the Hauteserres, the former of whom was executed and 
 the others imprisoned. In 1833 de Marsay, president of the 
 council of ministers, explained the mystery of that enterprise 
 at the home of Princesse de Cadignan ; he also appreciated 
 Fouche — "That man of profound, infernal genius, working in 
 the shadow, and but little understood, but who was of a cer- 
 tainty the equal of a Philip the Second, a Tiberius, and a 
 Borgia" [A Historical Mystery, j^/"]. In 1809 Fouche, who 
 was at the back of Peyrade, saved France in the Walcheren 
 affair; on his return from the Wagram <:ampaign the Emperor 
 rewarded him by dismissing him [The Harlot's Progress, I^]. 
 
 Fouquereau, concierge of M. Jules Desmarets, stock- 
 broker, Rue Menars, 1820 ; specially feed by his master to spy 
 on and note the suspected walks abroad of Mme. Jules Des- 
 marets [Ferragus, hh\ 
 
 Fourchon, an old tenant-farmer at Ronquerolles, on the 
 outskirts of the forest of Aigues, Bourgogne. Formerly a 
 schoolmaster and an old carrier ; an old man who fell into a 
 drunken habit; he practiced at Blangy, in 1823, the triple 
 functions of a public writer, helper to a justice of the peace, 
 and a player on the clarionet ; at the same time he worked as 
 a rope-niaker with his apprentice, Mouche, the natural son of 
 one of his natural daughters ; but the principal revenue of 
 these two beings they picked up while hunting or catching 
 otters. Fourchon was the father-in-law of Tonsard, the 
 tavernkeeper at the " Grand I Vert " [The Peasantry, M\ 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 187 
 
 Foy, Maximilien-Sebastien, a celebrated orator and 
 general, born in 1775, at Ham; died at Paris in 1825. In 
 December, 1S18, at the time of the failure of Cesar Birot- 
 teau, who had gone to the Kellers' bank to solicit a credit for 
 one hundred thousand francs, he was seen by him as he left 
 the bankers* private office, General Foy being escorted to the 
 antechamber by Francois Keller. About the same time the 
 discourse of the soldier-orator stirred the patriotic and liberal 
 fibres of the anti-Bourbon, Claude-Joseph Pillerault, Birotteau's 
 uncle by marriage [Cesar Birotteau, O]. In 182 1 General 
 Foy, who was in the bookseller Dauriat's store, talking with 
 the editors of the ** Constitutionnel" and the manager of 
 **la Minerve," remarked on the beauty of Lucien de Ru- 
 bempre, who came in with Lousteau to offer the sale of his 
 sonnets [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, J[f ]. 
 
 Fraisier, born about 181 4, possibly at Mantes. The son 
 of a rope-maker \ barrister, business agent, No. 9 Rue de la 
 Perle, Paris, 1844-45. After being for six years head clerk to 
 Maitre Desroches, he bought the practice of Maitre Levroux, 
 an attorney at Mantes, where he saw Leboeuf, Vinet, Vatinelle, 
 and Bouyonnet ; but he soon had to sell his practice and 
 leave that town for unprofessional conduct. He then opened 
 in Paris an office for consultations. A friend of Dr. Poulain, 
 who had treated him and who attended the dying Sylvain Pons, 
 he gave cunning advice to Mme. Cibot, who was avaricious to 
 despoil the old collector ; he assured the Camusot de Marvilles 
 of becoming the heirs of the old musician, who was their rel- 
 ative, after astutely getting the best of the faithful Schmucke. 
 In 1845 ^^ succeeded Vitel as justice of the peace ; that post, 
 which it had been his ambition to secure, was procured for 
 him by the Camusot de Marvilles, as a reward for his devotion 
 to their interests. He had luckily been of service to that 
 family in Normandy on the great question of pasture, in which 
 they were mixed up with an Englishman named Wadmann. 
 Fraisier was a small, lean man with a pimply face and viscid 
 
188 COMPENDIUM 
 
 blood ; he exhaled a frightful odor. At Mantes a certain 
 Mme. Vatinelle "had not been unkind to him," and he lived' 
 with a servant-mistress, the woman Sauvage. But he missed 
 a good thing by not marrying his client, Mme. Florimond, or 
 the daughter of Tabareau. To tell the truth, the Camusot de 
 Marvilles in the end counseled him to disdain Mile. Tabareau 
 [Cousin Pons, oc\ 
 
 Franchessini, Colonel, born about 1789; served in the 
 Imperial Guard, and was afterward one of the most brilliant 
 colonels of the Restoration, but was dismissed the service on 
 account of suspicions cast on his honor. In 1808, to provide 
 for his foolish lavishness on a woman, he forged a bill of 
 exchange. Jacques Collin (Vautrin) was convicted of the 
 crime and sent to the hulks for a number of years. In 1819 
 Franchessini killed young Taillefer in a duel, at Vautrin's 
 instigation. The year following, with Lady Brandon, per- 
 haps his mistress, he was at the great ball given by Comtesse 
 de Beauseant before her flight. In 1839 Franchessini, one 
 of the most active members of the Jockey Club, exercised the 
 functions of a colonel in the National Guard ; he married a 
 wealthy Irishwoman, who was pious and charitable ; he resided 
 in one of the most beautiful hotels in the Breda quarter. 
 Elected a deputy, he was intimate with Eugene de Rastignac ; 
 he showed himself very hostile to Sallenauve and voted 
 against the validity of the election of his colleague, in 
 response to Maxime de Trailles' desire. Franchessini during 
 nearly the whole of his life was in correspondence with 
 Jacques Collin, called Vautrin [Father Goriot, 6r — The 
 Deputy for Arcis, 2>X>]. 
 
 Francine. See Cottin Francine. 
 
 Francois, Abbe, cure of the parish at Alen^on, in 1816. 
 **Cheverous of the little foot"; he had subscribed to the 
 oath of the Constitution under the Revolution, and for that 
 reason was scorned by the "Ultras" of the town, although 
 he was a model of charity and virtue. Abbe Francois was a 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 189 
 
 regular visitor at M. and Mme. du Bousquier's and M. and 
 Mme. Granson's ; but M. du Bousquier and Athanase Granson 
 alone accorded him a hearty welcome. In his last hours he 
 was reconciled to the cure of Saint-Leonard's, the aristocratic 
 church at Alengon, and died amid universal grief [The Old 
 Maid, aa\. 
 
 Francois, head valet to Marechal Comte de Montcornet, 
 at the Aigues, 1823. He was specially attached to the service 
 of Emile Blondet while the journalist stayed there ; he was 
 paid twelve, hundred francs as wages. Frangois possessed the 
 confidence and the secrets of Montcornet [The Peasantry, jK]. 
 
 Francois, in 1822 the conductor of a diligence running 
 from Paris to Beaumont-sur-Oise and belonging to the enter- 
 prising Touchard. He made a communication to the inn- 
 keeper at Saint-Brice, which, if it had been repeated to the 
 farmer Ceger, would have been a bit of very useful information 
 to him [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Francoise, a servant of Mme. Crochard's, Rue Saint- 
 Louis in the Marais,* in 1822. She was a toothless old 
 woman, who had been in service since she was thirty years 
 old. She attended her mistress in her last moments ; this 
 was the fourth mistress that Francoise had buried [A Second 
 Home, ^\ 
 
 Francoise, a servant at the Minards, 1840 [The Middle 
 Classes, ee\ 
 
 Frappart, in 1839, at Arcis-sur-Aube, was the proprietor 
 of a dance-hall in which the electors met under the presi- 
 dency of Colonel Giguet and received with acclaim the can- 
 didature of Dorlange-Sallenauve for deputy [The Deputy for 
 Arcis, 1>D]. 
 
 Frappier, the leading carpenter of Provins, in 1827-28. 
 It was in his place that Jacques Brigaut entered as a journey- 
 man, when he went to that little town to rejoin the friend 
 of his childhood, Pierrette Lorrain. Frappier received that 
 * Now the Rue Turenne. 
 
190 COMPENDIUM 
 
 young girl when she left Rogron's house. Frappier was mar- 
 ried [Pierrette, ^]. 
 
 Frederic, one of the editors on Finot's journal, in 1821. 
 He had charge of the theatrical notices at the Odeon and 
 Frangais theatres [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, ilff ]. 
 
 Frelu, Big, daughter of Croisic. She had a child by 
 Simon Gaudry. She nursed Pierrette Cambremer, whose 
 mother died very young. The father of her child sometimes 
 owed two or three months' dues to Big Frelu [A Seaside 
 Tragedy, e\ 
 
 Fremiot, Jean-Baptiste, a professor living at No. 22 
 Rue de la Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve, the house occupied 
 in 1828 by the Marquis d'Espard [The Commission in Lu- 
 nacy, c]. 
 
 Fresconi, an Italian who, under the Restoration, about 
 1828, managed a menagerie on the Boulevard du Montpar- 
 nasse and the Rue Notre- Dame-des-Champs, Paris. The enter- 
 prise was unsuccessful. Barbet, the bookseller, had found 
 the funds ; the menagerie became his property ; he trans- 
 formed it into an apartment house ; it was here that Baron 
 du Bourlac lived with his daughter and grandson [The Seamy 
 Side of History, T]. 
 
 Fresquin, an old superintendent of bridges and roads ; 
 married and the father of a family. Employed, in the time 
 of Louis-Philippe, by Gr6goire Gerard in the erection of 
 hydraulic works for Mme. Graslin at Montegnac. In 1843 
 Fresquin was appointed tax-collector for the canton [The 
 Country Parson, jP]. 
 
 Frisch, Samuel, Jew; a jeweler, living on the Rue 
 Sainte-Avoie,* in 1829; a tradesman and creditor of Esther 
 Gobseck; he bought, sold, and took things in pawn [The 
 Harlot's Progress, I^]. 
 
 Fritaud, Abbe, a priest at Sancerre in 1836, at the time 
 
 * A part of the real Rue du Temple running from the Rue Saint-Merry 
 to the Rue des Haudriettes. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 191 
 
 when Dinah de la Baudraye shone under the pseudonym of 
 the Sapho of Saint-Satur [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Fritot, a shawl merchant in the Bourse quarter, Paris, 
 under Louis-Philippe. Emulating Gaudissart, he succeeded 
 in selling a ridiculous shawl for six thousand francs to Mrs. 
 Noswell, a capricious and distrustful Englishwoman. Fritot 
 was invited to the King's table [Gaudissart II., n]. 
 
 Fritot, Madame, wife of the foregoing. After the success 
 of the good piece of trading, played before Jean-Jacques 
 Bixiou and Fabien du Ronceret, she gave instructions to 
 Adolphe, a young blonde clerk [Gaudissart II., 7l\. 
 
 Froidfond, Marquis de; born about 1773; a gentleman 
 of Maine-et-Loire. When very young he was ruined and sold 
 his castle near Saumur. It was bought at a good price by 
 Felix Grandet, through the aid of the notary Cruchot, in 
 181 1. About 1827 the Marquis de Froidfond was a widower 
 with children ; he was spoken of as about being made a peer 
 of France. At this time Mme. des Grassins tried to persuade 
 Eugenie Grandet, newly orphaned, to marry the marquis, and 
 that this same marriage was the one thought of by her father, 
 Grandet. In 1832, when Eugenie was the widow of Cruchot 
 de Bonfons, the family of the marquis again asked her to 
 marry M. de Froidfond [Eugenie Grandet, JE/]. 
 
 Fromaget, an apothecary at Arcis-sur-Aube, under Louis- 
 Philippe. As he did not supply the chateau of Gondreville, 
 he seemed disposed to cabal against the Kellers ; that is why, 
 when the election of 1839 ^^'^^ o"> ^^ probably voted for 
 Simon Giguet [The Deputy for Arcis, jDJ>]. 
 
 Fromenteau, police agent. He belonged to the political 
 police of Louis XVIII., with Contenson ; in 1845 ^""^ assisted 
 the commercial police to discover persons who were runaway 
 debtors. He was encountered in company with Theodore 
 Gaillard by Sylvestre-Palafox-Castel Gazonal ; he told the 
 bewildered provincial some curious details of the various po- 
 lice forces. Although an old man, Fromenteau did not scorn 
 
192 COMPENDIUM 
 
 the women, and was still a rake [The Unconscious Mum- 
 mers, tf]. 
 
 Funcal, Comte de, one of the names assumed by Bourig- 
 nard ; met with, about 1820, at the Spanish ambassador's 
 residence, Paris, by Henri de Marsay and Auguste de Maulin- 
 cour. He was to be Comte Funcal, a Portuguese-Brazilian 
 naval officer: ''My friends have found me a shape to fill" ; 
 few men of his age would have had patience to '* learn Portu- 
 guese and English, with which that confounded naval officer 
 was perfectly acquainted " [Ferragus, hh\ 
 
 Gabilleau, a deserter from the Seventeenth regiment of 
 the line, and a Chauffeur executed at Tulle, under the Empire, 
 the same day that he had arranged for his escape. He was 
 one of Farrabesche's accomplices, who made use of the con- 
 demned's skill in opening his prison to make his own escape 
 [The Country Parson, J^]. 
 
 Gabriel; born about 1790; messenger in the Bureau of 
 Finance, and taker of pass-out checks in a theatre, under 
 the Restoration ; a Savoyard ; a nephew of Antoine's, the 
 oldest messenger in the same bureau ; the husband of a clever, 
 pearly toothed woman. He lived with his uncle Antoine and 
 another of his relatives, his comrade in the office, the door- 
 keeper, Laurent [Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Gabusson, clerk and cashier to Dauriat, publisher, Palais- 
 Royal, 1821 [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, JZ"]. 
 
 Gaillard, Theodore, a journalist, owner or manager of 
 newspapers. In 1822, with Hector Merlin, he founded a 
 Royalist and romantic newspaper, in which Lucien de Ru- 
 bempre, a turncoat, ''broke the back" of a grand book 
 written by his friend Daniel d'Arthez [A Distinguished Pro- 
 vincial at Paris, JMT]. Under Louis-Philippe he was one of 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE, 193 
 
 the proprietors of a most important political newspaper [Bea- 
 trix, JP — The Harlot's Progress, 'Y^ In 1845 ^^ managed 
 a leading journal. Formerly bright and intelligent, " he fin- 
 ished by becoming stupid and fell into the dead medium " 
 class. He sprinkled his dialogues with celebrated words from 
 plays then in vogue ; he pronounced them with an accent 
 equal to Odry, and really better than Frederick Lemaitre. 
 He lived at that time on the Rue Menars. He there received 
 Leon de Lora, Jean-Jacques Bixiou, and Sylvestre-Palafox- 
 Castel Gazonal [The Unconscious Mummers, if]. 
 
 Gaillard, Madame Theodore, born at Alengon about 
 1800. Christian name Suzanne. ''A beautiful Norman, 
 fresh, dazzling, and plump." One of the workers in Mme. 
 Lardot's laundry in 181 6, the year that she left her native 
 town after having obtained some money from M. du Bous- 
 quier, and persuaded him that she was pregnant by him. 
 Chevalier de Valois dearly loved Suzanne, but all the same he 
 would not allow himself to be entrapped. Suzanne on her 
 arrival in Paris made rapid progress in becoming a stylish 
 courtesan. Some time after her departure she reappeared for 
 a little while at Alengon,* when she followed the funeral of 
 Athanase Granson, crying before his afflicted mother, whom 
 she said had kept them apart, ** I loved him." During this 
 visit, in pretty straight talk, she ridiculed the marriage of 
 Mile. Cormon to M. du Bousquier [The Old Maid, acC\. 
 Under the name of Mme. du Val-Noble she became famous 
 in the world of gallantry and art. In 1821-22 she was Hector 
 Merlin's mistress ; at this time she received Lucien du Ru- 
 bempre, Rastignac, Bixiou, Chardin des Lupeaulx, Finot, 
 Blondet, Vignon, Nucingen, Beaudenord, Philippe Bridau, 
 and Conti [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, iJT— A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, J\ After being Jacques Falleix's, 
 
 * She alighted at the H6tel du More, since then the Caf6 de la Renais- 
 sance, and, in 1799, the Trois Maures inn, where Montauran and Mile. 
 de Verneuil are encountered for the first time. 
 13 
 
194 COMPENDIUM 
 
 a stockbroker, kept mistress, after his failure she was discov- 
 ered by Peyrade, 1830, living hidden under the name and 
 protection of Samuel Johnson ' ' the nabob. ' ' She was friendly 
 with Esther Gobseck, who occupied, on the Rue Saint-Georges, 
 a mansion which had been given her, Suzanne, by Falleix, 
 and that Nucingen acquired for Esther [The Harlot's Pro- 
 gress, I^]. In 1838 she married Theodore Gaillard, her 
 lover since 1830 ; in 1845, ^"^ ^^^ ^m^ Menars, she received 
 Leon de Lora, Jean-Jacques Bixiou, and Sylvestre-Palafox- 
 Castel Gazonal [Beatrix, JP — The Unconscious Mummers, Vb\. 
 
 Gaillard, one of the three keepers who succeeded Courte- 
 cuisse, under Michaud's command, to look after the estate and 
 property of General de Montcornet, at the Aigues. An old 
 soldier, formerly a sub-lieutenant, '* riddled with wounds"; 
 he had a natural daughter of his living with him [The Peas- 
 antry, Jl\ 
 
 Galard, a truck-gardener of Auteuil, father of Mme. Lem- 
 prun, maternal grandfather of Mme. Jerome Thuillier ; his 
 death, at an advanced age, was caused by an accident in 181 7 
 [The Peasantry, _K]. 
 
 Galard, Mademoiselle, an old maid, a real-estate owner 
 at Besan^on, Rue du Perron. In 1834 she rented the first 
 story of her house to Albert Savaron de Savarus, who took as 
 his servant the old valet formerly employed by the late M. 
 Galard, Mile. Galard's father [Albert Savaron, /]. 
 
 Galardon, tax-collector at Provins. He m.arried, under 
 the Restoration, the widow Madame Guenee [Pierrette, i]. 
 
 Galardon, Madame, nee Tiphaine, eldest sister of M. 
 Tiphaine, the president of the court at Provins. Forthwith, 
 on being married to a Sieur Guenee, she opened on the Rue 
 Saint-Denis, Paris, one of the numerous retail outfitting stores: 
 a *' sister of the family." About the end of 1815 she sold 
 out to the Rogrons and retired to Provins. She had three 
 daughters that she married in that little town : the first to M. 
 Lesourd, public prosecutor; the second to M. Martener, a 
 
comAdie HUMAINE. 195 
 
 physician ; and the third to M. Auffray, the notary. Then 
 she married again, this time her husband being M. Galardon, 
 tax-collector. She invariably added ^'' nee Tiphaine " to her 
 signature. She took the part of Pierrette Lorrain, and was 
 opposed to the Liberals, who had been drawn into persecuting 
 the Rogrons' ward [Pierrette, %\. 
 
 Galathionne, Prince and Princess, Russians. The 
 prince was one of Diane de Maufrigneuse's lovers [The Secrets 
 of the Princess of Cadignan, ^\ In September, 1815, he was 
 la Minoret's protector, whom he endowed as a daughter [The 
 Middle Classes, ee\. In 1819 de Marsay was seen in the 
 Princess Galathionne's box at the Italiens, which caused Mme. 
 de Nucingen much anguish [Father Goriot, 6r]. Lousteau 
 said that "the history of Prince Galathionne's diamonds, the 
 Maubreuil affair, and the Pombreton succession" were all 
 subjects for the puffs of the journalists [A Distinguished Pro- 
 vincial at Paris, 3!L\ Princess Galathionne gave balls in 
 1834-35, which Comtesse Felix de Vandenesse attended [A 
 Daughter of Eve, Y\ About 1840 the prince tried to 
 *'pump" Mme. Schontz about the Marquis de Rochefide; 
 but that woman answered: *'My dear prince, you are not 
 more beautiful, but you are more aged than Rochefide ; you 
 would beat me, but he is like a father to me " [Beatrix, jP]. 
 
 Galope-Chopine. See Cibot. 
 
 Gamard, Sophie, an old maid, who, on the Rue de la 
 Psalette,* Tours, was the owner of a house at the rear of St. 
 Gatien's church, which she in part rented out to priests. It 
 was here that the Abbes Troubert, Chapeloud, and Francois 
 Birotteau resided. This house had been nationalized during 
 the Terror, and bought by the father of Mile. Gamard, who 
 rented it out to and boarded priests. After having warmly 
 welcomed Abbe Birotteau, she began to hate him ; secretly 
 urged by Troubert, she then had him dispossessed of his fur- 
 
 * Rue de la Psalette, where the ecclesiastics used to live at the beginning 
 of tiie century, is now occupied by laundresses. 
 
196 COMPENDIUM 
 
 niture and denied the suite of rooms he had rented. Mile. 
 Gamard died, in 1826, of a severe cold. Troubert had it 
 bruited around that Birotteau had caused her death by the 
 annoyance he had given the old maid [The Abbe Birotteau, %\. 
 
 Gambara, Paolo, a musician ; born at Cremona in 1791; 
 son of an instrument-maker ; he was a good executant, but a 
 better composer; he was driven from his house by the French 
 and ruined by the war. These events forced Paolo Gambara 
 to an errant life when but ten years old. He tasted but little 
 calm, and found it difficult to support himself when in Venice, 
 about 1 81 3. At that time, at the Fenice theatre, he had 
 a representation of an opera of his, ** Mahomet," which 
 sounded most horribly. Nevertheless, he obtained the hand 
 of Marianina, whom he loved, and with her made his way 
 to Germany, thence in turn to Paris, where he lived, in 
 1 83 T, in a wretched apartment on the Rue Froidmanteau.* 
 The musician, a past-master in the theory of music, could 
 not realize and embody his remarkable thoughts, and when 
 he played his auditors were stupefied by the formless compo- 
 sitions of his sublime inspirations ; but he analyzed with 
 enthusiasm *' Robert le Diable," after having with Andrea 
 Marcosini attended a representation of Meyerbeer's master- 
 piece. In 1837 he was reduced to repairing musical instru- 
 ments, and, at the same time, he sang duets with his wife on 
 the Champs-Elysees to earn a few sous. Emilio and Massimilla 
 Varese took particular notice of and pitied the Gambaras, 
 whom they met in the vicinity of the faubourg Saint-Honore. 
 Paolo Gambara had no sense until he was drunk. He in- 
 vented a strange instrument which he called the '* Panhar- 
 monicon " [Gambara, &&]. 
 
 Gambara, Marianina, a Venetian, wife of Paolo Gam- 
 bara. She lived a generally wretched life with him, and for 
 a long time in Paris their household was supported by her 
 
 * This street has disappeared for more than thirty years; it formed the 
 site of the Louvre galleries. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 197 
 
 needle. Her customers were the prostitutes living on the 
 Rue Froidmanteau, who treated her generously and always 
 with great respect. From 1831 to 1836 Marianina had aban- 
 doned her husband ; she left her lover, Comte Andrea Mar- 
 cosini, who deserted her and married a dancer, in January, 
 1837, and returned to the conjugal domicile, emaciated, dirty, 
 dusty, '*a species of nervous skeleton," to again take up a 
 life more than ever wretched [Gambara, hh\ 
 
 Gandolphini, • Prince, a Neapolitan, an old partisan of 
 Murat's. A victim of the last Revolution, he was, in 1823, 
 proscribed and poor. At that time he was sixty-five years old 
 and had the face of an octogenarian ; he lived frugally enough 
 with his young wife at Gersau, Lucerne, under the English 
 name of Lovelace. He also passed for being a certain Lam- 
 porani, a famous bookseller of Milan. When, before Ru- 
 dolphe, the prince revealed his real physiognomy, he said : 
 " I have played many a part and know well how to make up. 
 Ah ! I played one in Paris under the Empire, with Bour- 
 rienne, Mme. Murat, Mme. d'Abrantis e tutte quantiy A 
 character in a novel, '' I'Ambitieux par amour," published 
 by Albert Savarus in *' la Revue de I'Est," in 1834. Under 
 these suppositious names the author wrote his own history. 
 Rudolphe was himself; Prince and Princess Gandolphini 
 represented the Due and Duchesse d'Arga'iolo [Albert Sava- 
 ron,/]. 
 
 Gandolphini, Princesse, nee Francesca Colonna, a 
 Roman of illustrious descent, the fourth child of Prince and 
 Princesse Colonna. While quite young she married Prince 
 Gandolphini, one of the richest land-owners in Sicily. Hid- 
 den under the name of Miss Lovelace, she met and was loved 
 by Rudolphe, in Switzerland. The heroine of a novel entitled 
 " I'Ambitieux par amour," published in ** la Revue de I'Est," 
 in 1834, by Albert Savarus, and in which he recounts his own 
 history under these suppositious names [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Ganivet, a bourgeois of Issoudun. In 1822, in a conversa- 
 
198 COMPENDIUM 
 
 tion in which he repeatedly questioned Maxence Gilet, Major 
 Potel threatened Ganivet that he '' would swallow his tongue, 
 and without sauce," if he gave any more of it to Flore Bra- 
 zier's lover [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Ganivet, Mademoiselle, a woman of Issoudun, " as ugly 
 as the seven capital sins." She none the less had '' seduced " 
 a certain Borniche-Hereau, who left her an income of one 
 thousand crowns, in 1778 [A Bachelor's Establishment, J"]. 
 
 Gannerac, a carrier's clerk at Angouleme ; in 1821-22 
 he was mixed up in the affair of the acceptances subscribed 
 by Lucien de Rubempre under the imitated signature of his 
 brother-in-law, David Sechard [Lost Illusions, ^^A Distin- 
 guished Provincial at Paris, JT]. 
 
 Garangeot, in 1845, ""^ ^ large, popular theatre, managed 
 by Felix Gaudissart, obtained the baton, as leader of the 
 orchestra, formerly in possession of Sylvain Pons. He was 
 cousin-german to Helo'ise Brisetout, who got him the position. 
 Pons said of Garangeot that he asked him to employ him as 
 first violin, but that he had no talent and was unable to com- 
 pose an air ; that, for all that, he was a man of parts, and 
 could make some good variations in music [Cousin Pons, QC\. 
 
 Garceland, mayor of Provins, under the Restoration ; 
 brother-in-law of Guepin. He indirectly defended Pierrette 
 Lorrain against the Liberal party of that little town, that 
 Maitre Vinet headed and that represented Rogron [Pier- 
 rette, i\ 
 
 Garcenault, De, first president of the court at Besan^on, 
 in 1834. He persuaded the chapter of the cathedral to take 
 Albert Savarus, as barrister, in the trial of the chapter against 
 the town to recover the buildings of that ancient convent. 
 Albert Savarus, in fact, plead for the chapter and gained his 
 cause [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Garnery, one of the two commissaries to the delegation 
 in May, 1830 ; charged by de Granville, the public prosecutor, 
 to go and take possession of the letters written to Lucien de 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 199 
 
 Rubempre by Mme. de Serizy, the Duchesse de Maufrigneuse, 
 and Mile. Clotilde de Grandlieu, letters which were in the 
 possession of Jacqueline Collin, and that Vautrin consented 
 to deliver to them [Vautrin's Last Avatar, z\. 
 
 Gars, Le. See Montauran, Marquis Alphonse de. 
 
 Gasnier, a peasant in the environs of Grenoble; born 
 about 1789. Married, and the father of numerous children, 
 whom he loved much ; he could not be consoled on the loss 
 of his eldest-born ; Dr. Benassis, mayor of the commune, 
 spoke of this paternal affection to Major Genestas as a rare 
 trait in farm servants [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Gasselin, a Breton ; born 1794; a servant of the Guenics, 
 Guerande, 1836, and since he was fifteen years old. A little, 
 squat man, with black hair, sooty complexion, silent and slow. 
 He cared for the garden and groomed the horses. In 1832, 
 at the time of the Duchesse de Berry's prank, in which Gas- 
 selin took part with Baron du Guenic and his son Calyste, the 
 faithful servitor received a sword-stroke on the shoulder which 
 was meant for the young man. This action seemed so natural 
 in the family that Gasselin was fully thanked [Beatrix, 'P\ 
 
 Gaston, Louis, eldest adulterous son of Lady Brandon ; 
 born in 1805. He was orphaned by the death of his mother 
 in the first years of the Restoration ; during the whole of his 
 childhood he acted as a father to his younger brother, Marie 
 Gaston, whom he placed in the college at Tours, and em- 
 barked soon after as a midshipman in a man-of-war. After 
 being raised to the grade of captain of a vessel in an American 
 republic, and becoming very wealthy in the Indies, he died 
 at Calcutta in the early years of the reign of Louis-Philippe, 
 following the failure of the ** famous Halmers," at the moment 
 when he was about returning to France. He was happily 
 married [La Grenadiere, j — Letters of Two Brides, v\. 
 
 Gaston, Marie, second adulterous son of Lady Brandon ; 
 born in 1810; brought up at Tours College, which he left in 
 1827 ; a poet, the protege of Daniel d'Arthez, who often gave 
 
200 COMPENDIUM 
 
 him "the tricks of the trade." Louise de Chaulieu, the 
 widow of Macumer, met him at Mme. d'Espard's, in 1831 ; 
 he married her in October, 1833, although his whole fortune 
 amounted to thirty thousand francs of debts owing by him, 
 and that she was much older than himself. The couple were 
 happy, living in solitude at Ville-d' Avray ; but Louise became 
 jealous, owing to unjust suspicions, and thought that her hus- 
 band was unfaithful ; she died two years after the marriage. 
 During those two years Marie Gaston wrote at least four pieces 
 for the stage ; one of these was in collaboration with his wife, 
 and was given with immense success, at Paris, under the names 
 of Nathan and MM. * * * [La Grenadiere, j — Letters of 
 Two Brides, 1;]. In his early youth Marie Gaston published, 
 at the cost of his friend Dorlange, a volume of poems, "les 
 Perce-neige," of which every copy sold for three sous each 
 volume at a second-hand bookstore, and overflowed the quays 
 from the Pont Royal to Pont Marie. A widower, Marie 
 Gaston traveled without obtaining consolation. He became 
 insane, and was lodged in a lunatic asylum at Hanwell, Eng- 
 land [The Deputy for Arcis, I>jy, :EJB1\ 
 
 Gaston, Madame Louis, a stiff and cold Englishwoman ; 
 wife of Louis Gaston ; married doubtless in the Indies, where 
 she lost her husband following a commercial crisis. A widow, 
 she went to France, taking her two children with her, and, 
 being without resources, became a charge on her brother-in- 
 law, who secretly visited and supported her. She lived at 
 that time in Paris, on the Rue de la Ville-rEveque. The 
 visits made her by Marie Gaston became known to her sister- 
 in-law, who from this cause became absurdly jealous, not 
 knowing the object of the calls ; Madame Louis Gaston was 
 indirectly the cause of the death of Madame Marie Gaston 
 [Letters of Two Brides, v\. 
 
 Gaston, Madame Marte, nee Armande-Louise-Marie de 
 Chaulieu, in 1805. At one time destined to take the veil, 
 she was brought up at the convent of the Carmellites, Blois. 
 
comAdie HUMAINE. 201 
 
 along with Renee de Maucombe, who became Madame de 
 I'Estorade; she remained in constant communication with 
 her faithful friend by means of letters, and was given wise 
 and prudent advice. Louise de Chaulieu, in 1825, married 
 her Spanish professor, Baron de Macumer, whom she lost in 
 1829. In 1833 she contracted a new union with Marie Gas- 
 ton, the poet. Both marriages proved sterile. In the first 
 she was worshiped and believed she loved ; in the second she 
 was beloved and also loved, but her foolish jealousy, strength- 
 ened after a rapid horseback ride from Ville-d'Avray to Ver- 
 dier, caused her death, for she died of consumption voluntarily 
 contracted by her, through despair at the thought of treachery, 
 in 1835. At one time in the Carmellite convent at Blois, 
 Madame Marie Gaston lived also at Paris, in the faubourg 
 Saint-Germain, where she had an interview with M. de Bo- 
 nald \ at Chantepleur, on her domain ; at la Grampade, Pro- 
 vence, at Mme. de I'Estorade's ; in Italy, at the Villc 
 d'Avray, where she slept her last sleep in a park of her own 
 creation [Letters of Two Brides, v\. 
 
 Gatienne, a servant of Mme. and Mile. Bontem Bayeux, 
 1805 [A Second Home, z\. 
 
 Gaubert, one of the most illustrious generals of the Re- 
 public ; the first husband of Mile, de RonqueroUes, whom he 
 left a widow at twenty years of age, constituting her his sole 
 heiress. The widowed Mme. Gaubert, sister of the Marquis 
 de RonqueroUes, again married in 1806, her second husband 
 being Comte de Serizy [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Gaubertin, Francois, born about 1770, son of the ex- 
 bailiff at Soulanges, Bourgogne,- before the Revolution. 
 About 1 791, after being for five years the bookkeeper to the 
 steward of Mile. Laguerre at the Aigues, he in turn occupied 
 the latter position. His father, the bailiff, had meanwhile 
 become the public prosecutor of the department, under the 
 Republic ; at the same period he was appointed mayor of 
 Blangy. Married in 1796 to the citizeness Isaure Mouchon, 
 
202 COMPENDIUM 
 
 he had three children ; a boy, Claude, and two daughters, 
 Jenny (Mme. Leclercq) and Elisa. He had also a natural 
 son, Bournier, whom he established as manager of a printing- 
 office and of a local sheet. On the death of Mile. Laguerre, 
 after twenty-five years of administration as steward, Gaubertin 
 possessed six hundred thousand francs ; he finished by dream- 
 ing of acquiring the Aigues estate, but Comte de Montcornet 
 bought it, giving him charge as manager ; surprising him in 
 his stealings he incontinently and ignominiously drove him 
 off the place. Gaubertin received a few cuts from a whip, 
 which made him vow vengeance. The old steward became 
 nothing less than a great personage. In 1820 he was mayor 
 of Ville-aux-Fayes and furnished a third of the lumber taken 
 in Paris ; he was general agent of that trade in that country 
 and directed the exploitations in the forest, the cutting, stor- 
 age, and so forth. By his genealogical relationships Gau- 
 bertin embraced all the arrondissement, like a ** boa constrictor 
 twisted around a gigantic tree"; the church, the magistra- 
 ture, the municipality, the administration marched to his 
 piping. The peasants themselves indirectly served his inter- 
 ests. At the time when the general was disgusted with num- 
 berless vexations and sold the Aigues, Gaubertin acquired the 
 woods and a fine pavilion, while his accomplices, Rigou and 
 Soudry, obtained the vineyards and the other lots [The Peas- 
 antry, JK]. 
 
 Gaubertin, Madame, nee Isaure Mouchon, in 1778. 
 The daughter of a Conventionalist, a friend of Gaubertin's 
 father ; wife of Frangois Gaubertin ; she primly played, at 
 Ville-aux-Fayes, tlie part of a fine woman of fashion and 
 elegance v/ith great effect; she was dominated by ** passionate 
 virtue." In 1823 she had the public prosecutor as her at- 
 tendant — her *' patito," she said [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Gaubertin, Claude, son of Frangois Gaubertin, godchild 
 of Mile. Laguerre, at whose expense he was educated at Paris ; 
 the busiest attorney in Ville-aux-Fayes, in 1823; he talked; 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE, 203 
 
 after five years' practice, of selling his connection. He prob- 
 ably became a judge [The Peasantry, JS]. 
 
 Gaubertin, Jenny, eldest daughter of Francois Gaubertin. 
 See Leclercq, Madame. 
 
 Gaubertin, Elisa, or Elise, second daughter of Francois 
 Gaubertin. Loved, courted, and hoped for, in 1819, by the 
 sub-prefect at Ville-aux-Fayes, M. des Lupeaulx, nephew. 
 M. Lupin, the notary at Soulanges, secured the young girl's 
 hand for his only son, Amaury [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Gaubertin- Vallat, Mademoiselle, in 1823, an old maid, 
 the sister of Mine. Sibilet, wife of the clerk of the court at 
 Ville-aux-Fayes ; she held the office for the sale of stamped 
 papers in that little town [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Gaucher, in 1803, was Michu's servant, who was the 
 keeper-steward of the Gondreville estate. By his gossip, 
 more or less disinterested, this boy kept farmer Violette duly 
 posted on the doings of his master, who, for his part, thought 
 him faithful [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Gaudebert, the surname common to all the masculine 
 representatives of the Guenic house [Beatrix, 'P\ 
 
 Gaudet, Maitre Desroches' second-clerk, 1824. Twice he 
 had a small error in his *' petty cash " account, and was dis- 
 missed by the advice of the head-clerk, Godeschal [A Start in 
 Life, s\. 
 
 Gaudin, captain of a squad of grenadiers in the Imperial 
 Horse Guards, created baron of the Empire with the endow- 
 ment of Wistchnau or Vits-chnau ; made a prisoner by the 
 Cossacks at the passage of the Beresina, he escaped from cap- 
 tivity by passing to the Indies, and from thence, having never 
 learned any news, he returned to France, about 1830, suffering 
 much, but an '* archimillionaire " [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\. 
 
 Gaudin, Madame, wife of the preceding; she kept the 
 hotel Saint-Quentin,* Rue des Cordiers, Paris, under tlie 
 
 * This hotel has disappeared; it was here that Jean-Jacques Rosseau 
 and George Sand once lived. 
 
204 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Restoration. Among the number of her tenants she counted 
 Raphael de Valentin. She became wealthy and a baronne on 
 the return of her husband, about 1830 [The Wild Ass' 
 Skin, A\ 
 
 Gaudin, Pauline, daughter of the two foregoing; she 
 knew, loved, and delicately assisted Raphael de Valentin, 
 then poor, at the hotel Saint-Quentin. After the return of 
 her father she lived with her parents on the Rue Saint-Lazare. 
 For a long time she had not seen Raphael, who had suddenly 
 left the Saint-Quentin; but she was seen by him one evening 
 at the Italiens : they fell into each other's arms and declared 
 their mutual love. Becoming rich, like as she had become, 
 Raphael resolved to marry Pauline; but, frightened by the 
 shrinkage of the ''ass' skin," he suddenly took flight and re- 
 turned to Paris. Pauline hastened after him ; she saw he was 
 dying when she discovered her lover ; he, by a supreme access 
 of love, furious and impotent, at the last moment set his teeth 
 in Pauline's breast [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\. 
 
 Gaudissart, Jean-Francois, father of Felix Gaudissart 
 [C6sar Birotteau, O]- 
 
 Gaudissart, Felix (the Great), born in Normandy in 
 the year 1792; commercial-traveler or drummer. He made 
 a specialty of the sale of hats, continuing in the service of 
 Andoche Finot, after having served his father ; he also sold 
 the article de Paris. In 18 16 he was arrested at the instance 
 of Peyrade (Father Canquoelle). He had most imprudently 
 given air to his sentiments in the Cafe David while this half- 
 soldier, half-officer was by his side — and divulged the particu- 
 lars of a conspiracy against the Bourbons. Two of his accom- 
 plices were executed. Gaudissart's case came before Judge 
 Popinot, who, after his condemnation, used his influence to 
 obtain a pardon for him. Anselme Popinot obtained Gaudis- 
 sart the position as manager of a boulevard theatre; in 1834 
 it was opened with the intention of rendering opera at popu- 
 lar prices. At this theatre were employed Sylvain Pons, 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 205 
 
 Schmucke, Wilhelm Schwab, Garangeot, and Heloi'se Brise- 
 tout, the latter Felix's mistress. The director there, who was 
 under his command, was treated in a brutal manner, but from 
 motives of policy he did not interfere [The Harlot's Pro- 
 gress, !F— Cousin Pons, oc\. Gaudissart the Great, when 
 young, assisted at the family ball given by Cesar Birotteau, 
 in December, 1818; a few blamed the perfumer for his lav- 
 ishness. At this time he was a constant visitor of the Rue 
 Deux Ecus and a frequenter of the Vaudeville * [Cesar Birot- 
 teau, O]. Under the Restoration (as a pretended dealer in 
 artificial flowers), by the good offices of Judge Popinot, he, 
 for the Comte Octave de Bauvan, paid exorbitant prices to 
 Bauvan's wife for the flowers made by Honorine ; she '' liked 
 the pieces of gold that were given her by Gaudissart, as much 
 as Lord Byron liked those given him by Murray " [Hono- 
 rine, A^]. At Vouvray, in 1831, this man assumed his old 
 habits as a drummer, where he had a droll adventure, being 
 mystified by a lunatic, to whom he was sent by one Vernier. 
 A duel was the result. After this adventure Gaudissart again 
 assumes the place of vantage. He was the lover (at the 
 time of Saint-Simonism) of Jenny Courand [Gaudissart the 
 Great, o\. 
 
 Gaudron, Abbe, vicar, then cure of Paul-Saint-Louis* 
 church. Rue Saint-Antoine, Paris, under the Restoration and 
 the government of July. A peasant full of faith, he cared for 
 high and low alike, in complete ignorance of the world and 
 literature. He was Isidore Baudoyer's confessor, and worked 
 for the advancement of that incapable to become chief of a 
 division in the Bureau of Finance, in 1824. In the same year 
 he was present at the house of Comte Octave de Bauvan, at a 
 dinner, where were present Messrs. de Serizy, de Granville, 
 Maurice d'Hostal, Abbe Loraux, cure of the Blancs-Manteaux, 
 
 * This theatre was once situated on the Rue de Chartres, near the 
 Place des Palais-Royal ; of these two places the first has entirely disap- 
 peared, and the second has been much changed. 
 
206 COMPENDIUM 
 
 who agitated the question of woman, marriage, and adultery 
 [Les Employes, cc — Honorine, Aj]. In 1826 Abbe Gaudron 
 confessed Mme. Clapart and threw into devotional habits "the 
 old Aspasia of the Directory," who had not been seen at the 
 " footstool of penitence " for quite forty years. In February, 
 1830, the priest obtained the dauphine's protection for Oscar 
 Husson, the son by the first marriage of Mme. Clapart, and 
 that young man was promoted sub-lieutenant in the regiment 
 in which he had served as a non-commissioned officer [A Start 
 in Life, s\ 
 
 Gaudry, Simon, a peasant or fisherman, a Breton ; he was 
 the lover of "Big Frelu," Pierrette Cambremer's nurse [A 
 Seaside Tragedy, e\, 
 
 Gault, warden at the Conciergerie, May, 1830, when 
 Jacques Collin and Lucien de Rubempre were confined there ; 
 he was then an old man [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ;§;]. 
 
 Gay, a shoemaker, Rue de la Michodiere, Paris, 1821 ; he 
 furnished boots for Lucien de Rubempre, boots which were 
 delivered at Coralie's house and were there seen by Matifat, 
 who kept that actress when she fell in love with the poet [A 
 Distinguished Provincial at Paris, JX]. 
 
 Gazonal, Sylvestre-Palafox-Castel, one of the most 
 skillful cloth manufacturers in the Eastern Pyrenees, a major 
 in the National Guard, September, 1795. He went to Paris, 
 1845, for ^^ purpose of looking after a great trial, and found 
 his cousin, Leon de Lora, the landscape painter, who, with 
 Bixiou the caricaturist, took him a tour and revealed to 
 him the doings of the town in the " Unconscious Mummers" 
 — dancers, actresses, a detective, a painter, a fortune-teller 
 by cards, a second-hand clothes dealer, hatter, hair-dresser, 
 chiropodist, janitor, usurer, and politicians. Thanks to his 
 two cicerones, Gazonel won his suit and returned to the prov- 
 inces, after having been, contrary to his expressed opinion, 
 cleaned out of notes and money by Jenny Cadine, Dejazet's 
 famous rival [The Unconscious Mummers, ie]. 
 
CO ME DIE HUMAINE. -207 
 
 Gendrin, a designer, tenant of M. Molineux's, Cour 
 Batave,* 1818. According to his landlord, the artist was a 
 profoundly immoral man, who designed caricatures against 
 the government, staying in his house with bad women and 
 making the stairway "impracticable." He had, "with an 
 infamy worthy of Marat," obstinately refused to either quit 
 or pay the rent for his empty apartments [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Gendrin, brother-in-law of Gaubertin, the steward at the 
 Aigues. Like him, he married one of the two daughters of 
 Mouchon, the Conventionalist; once a barrister, then for a 
 long time judge of the court of First Instance at Ville-aux- 
 Fayes, he afterward became president, by the favor of Comte 
 de Soulanges, under the Restoration [The Peasantry, jK]. 
 
 Gendrin, councilor at a court in a chief place in the de- 
 partment of Bourgogne; a distant relative of President Gendrin, 
 of Ville-aux-Fayes, who helped by his favor to have Sibilet 
 appointed, in 181 7, as steward of Comte de Montcornet's 
 estate of the Aigues, in place of Gaubertin, who had been 
 dismissed [The Peasantry, JJ]. 
 
 Gendrin, only son of the president of the court of Ville- 
 aux-Fayes; registrar of mortgages in that sub-prefecture, 1823 
 [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Gendrin- Wattebled, or Vatebled; born about 1733. 
 General keeper of the waters and forests at Soulanges, Bour- 
 gogne, since the reign of Louis XV.; he still fulfilled these 
 functions in 1823. A nonagenarian, in his lucid moments he 
 talked of the jurisdiction of the Tables of Marble. He had 
 reigned in Soulanges before the coming of Mme. Soudry, nee 
 Cochet, the most intelligent woman in that little town [The 
 Peasantry, n\ 
 
 General, Le, the particular name of Comte de Mortsauf 
 [The Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 Gen ral-Hardi. See Herbomez, or Herbomez d' [The 
 Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 * The Rue Berger occupies a portion of the site of the Cour Batave. 
 
208 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Genestas, Pierre- Joseph ; born in 1779; a cavalry officer. 
 First the child of the regiment, then a soldier. A sub-lieu- 
 tenant in 1802; an officer of the Legion of Honor after the 
 battle of Moskowa; captain of a squad in 1829. In 1814 he 
 married the widow of a subaltern, Renard, his friend, who 
 died immediately after ; a child which she had was acknowl- 
 edged by Genestas, who, after his adolescence, confided him 
 to the care of Doctor Benassis, after that officer had had a 
 talk with his friend Gravier, of Grenoble. In December, 
 1829, Genestas was -promoted a lieutenant-colonel in a regi- 
 ment in garrison at Poitiers [The Country Doctor, C]. 
 
 Genestas, Madame Judith, a Polish Jewess; born in 
 1795, she married, about 1812, in the Sarmatian manner, her 
 lover, Francois Renard, a quartermaster, who was killed in 
 1813. Judith bore him a son, Adrien ; she survived his 
 father but one year. In extremis she married Genestas, her 
 formerly dismissed lover, who acknowledged Adrien [The 
 Country Doctor, O]. 
 
 Genestas, Adrien, the adopted son of Major Genestas; 
 born in 181 3 of Judith, a Polish Jewess, and Renard, the 
 Parisian, a non-commissioned cavalry officer, who was killed 
 before the birth of his child. The living picture of his 
 mother, Adrien had the olive skin, beautiful black eyes, 
 melancholic and spiritual, and his head of hair was too 
 much for his weak body. At sixteen he looked to be only 
 twelve. A prey to bad habits, after eight months' sojourn 
 with Doctor Benassis, he was cured and became robust [The 
 Country Doctor, C]. 
 
 Genevieve, an idiotic peasant-girl, ugly, but relatively 
 rich. The friend and companion of Comtesse de Vandidres, 
 who had gone crazy, at the asylum of the Bons-Hommes, 
 near I'lsle Adam, under the Restoration. Deserted by a 
 mason called Dallot, who had promised to marry her, Gene- 
 vieve lost what little intelligence love had generated in her 
 [Farewell, e\. 
 
COMAdIE HUMAINE. 209 
 
 Genevieve, a stout, strong girl; the Phellions' cook, 1840. 
 They were highly incensed at this time with a little male ser- 
 vant, aged fifteen [The Middle Classes, ee]. 
 
 Genovese, a tenor singer at the Fenice,* Venice, 1820. 
 Born at Bergamo, 1797; a pupil of Veluti's. The, at that 
 time, platonic lover of la Tinti, he sang outrageously bad in 
 the presence of that prima donna for as long as she resisted 
 him, but he repaid for all when she abandoned herself to him 
 [Massimilla Doni, jf^]. In the winter of 1823-24, at Prince 
 Gandolphini's, Geneva, Genovese sang with his mistress, 
 Princess Gandolphini, and an Italian prince at that time in 
 exile, the famous quartette *' Mi manca la voce" [Albert 
 Savaron, f\ 
 
 Gentil, one of the servants of the Duchesse de Grandlieu, 
 in May, 1830, during the trial and incarceration of Lucien 
 Chardon de Rubempre [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ^]. 
 
 Gentil, an old valet of Mme. de Bargeton's, at Angou- 
 leme, under the Restoration. During the summer of 1821, 
 with Albertine and Lucien Chardon de Rubempre, he accom- 
 panied his mistress to Paris and lived successively at the hotel 
 Gaillard-Bois, near the Rue de I'Echelle ; then on the Rue de 
 Luxembourg, which became the Rue Cambon [A Distinguished 
 Provincial at Paris, ifZ"]. 
 
 Gentillet went, in 1835, i" ^^ ^^^ caleche with Albert 
 Savarus when he left Besangon after his visit to Prince Sode- 
 rini, father of the Duchesse d'Argaiolo. The caleche belonged 
 to Mme. de Saint-Vier [Albert Savaron, /]. 
 
 Gentillet, Madame, grandmother on the maternal side of 
 Felix Grandet. She died in 1806, leaving an important suc- 
 cession. In Grandet's ''hall," at Saumur, he had a pastel 
 which represented Mme. Gentillet as a shepherdess. Eugenie 
 Grandet had in her treasury three quadruples of Spanish gold 
 of the reign of Philippe V., minted in 1729, given by Mme. 
 Gentillet [Eugenie Grandet, 'E\ 
 
 * The boxes in the Fenice were private property. 
 14 
 
210 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Georges, a valet of the Comtesse Foedora [The Wild Ass* 
 Skin, A^ 
 
 Georges, the confidential valet of Baron de Nucingen, at 
 Paris, in the time of Charles X. , who knew all the particulars 
 of the amours of his sexagenarian master, which he assisted or 
 hindered [The Harlot's Progress, 1^]. 
 
 Georges, Pauline Gaudin's coachman. She had become 
 a millionaire, and was then called Pauline de Wistchnau, or 
 Vitschnau [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\ 
 
 Gerard, Francois-Pascal-Simon, Baron, a celebrated 
 painter, 1770 to 1837; in 1818 he obtained from Joseph 
 Bridau, then poor, two copies of the portrait of Louis XVIII., 
 all he got therefrom being one thousand francs, which went 
 to supply the necessities of the Bridau family [A Bachelor's 
 Establishment, «/]. The Parisian salon of Gerard's, very 
 select and fashionable, was on the Chaussee-d'Antin, a rival 
 to that of Mile, des Touches [Beatrix, J^]. 
 
 Gerard, adjutant-general of the 72d demi-brigade, com- 
 manded by Hulot. A careful education had developed a 
 superior intelligence in Adjutant Gerard, who was a thorough 
 Republican. He was killed by the Chouan, Pille-Miche, at 
 la Vivetiere, in December, 1799 [The Chouans, JB]. 
 
 Gerard, Gregoire; born in 1802, very probably in Li- 
 mousin ; a protestant, of somewhat ingratiating appearance ; 
 the son of a working carpenter who had died at an early age ; 
 the godson of F. Grossetete. From the time he was twelve years 
 old he had been directed by the banker in the exact sciences, 
 and was at the Polytechnique from nineteen to twenty-one. 
 He afterward entered the school for engineers on bridges and 
 roads, leaving there at twenty-four, passing as an '' ordinary 
 engineer;" two years after. Gregoire Gerard, with a cold 
 head and a warm heart, disgusted with his prospects, gave his 
 aid to the Journeymen in July, 1830. He might at that 
 time have adopted the doctrines of the Simonists, when M. 
 Grossetete got him to accept the direction of important works 
 
CO MED IE HUMAINE. 211 
 
 for Mme. Pierre Graslin, lady of the manor of Montegnac in 
 Haute-Vienne. Gerard accomplished prodigies with the wise 
 instructions of Fresquin and aided by the intelligent coopera- 
 tion of Bonnet, Roubaud, Clousier, Farrabesche, and Ruffin ; 
 he became mayor of that country (Montegnac), in 1838. 
 Mme. Graslin died about 1844; Gregoire Gerard followed the 
 wishes of the deceased and took up his abode in the chateau ; 
 he took the orphaned Francis Graslin as his ward and pupil. 
 Tiiree years (months ?) afterward, out of respect to the same 
 wishes, Gerard married a young woman of the district, Denise 
 Tascheron, the sister of a man condemned to death and exe- 
 cuted at the close of the year 1829 [The Country Parson, F~\. 
 
 Gerard, Madame Gregoire, wife of the foregoing, nee 
 Tascheron, Denise, of Montegnac in Limousin, the youngest 
 child of a large family. She lavished her fraternal affection 
 on Jean-Francois Tascheron, who was sentenced to death; 
 she visited the prisoner and softened his ferocious humor; 
 seconded by another of her brothers, Louis-Marie, she de- 
 stroyed certain compromising traces of her eldest brother's 
 crime, and then made restitution of the stolen money. She 
 shortly after this left the country and went to America, where 
 she became wealthy. Seized with nostalgia, she returned to 
 France five years later; at Montegnac she recognized and 
 kissed Francis Graslin, her natural nephew, to whom she be- 
 came a second mother when she married Gregoire Gerard, 
 the civil engineer. The marriage between that protestant 
 and the Catholic took place in 1844. By her grace and 
 modesty, her piety and her beauty, Mme. Gerard resembled 
 the heroine in ''Edinburgh Prison" [The Country Par- 
 son, Fl. 
 
 Gerard, Madame, an honest, poor woman ; a widow, the 
 mother of grown-up daughters, who kept in Paris, about the 
 end of the Restoration, a furnished-room house, situated on the 
 Rue Louis-Grand. Having had as a lodger Mme. Theodore 
 Gaillard, she Vv-elcomed Suzanne du Val-Noble when that 
 
212 COMPENDIUM 
 
 courtesan was expelled her splendid apartments on the Rue 
 Saint-Georges, caused by the ruin and flight of the one 
 who ''kept her," Jacques Falleix, the stockbroker. Mme. 
 Gerard was no relation of the foregoing Gerards [The Harlot's 
 Progress, Y^ Z\ 
 
 Germain, the name by which Bonnet, Canalis* valet, was 
 habitually called [Modeste Mignon, 'K.\ 
 
 Giardini, a Neapolitan cook, quite aged, and married. 
 Assisted by his wife, he kept a table- d' hdte, Rue Froidman- 
 teau, Paris, in 1830-31. Previous to this he had established 
 three several restaurants in Italy : at Naples, Parma, and Rome. 
 In the early years of Louis-Philippe's reign his '* insensate" 
 cookery nourished Paolo Gambara. In 1837 this altogether 
 foolish "sublime" restaurateur had fallen to be a dealer in 
 *' second-hand food," without, however, leaving the Rue Froid- 
 manteau [Gambara, &6]. 
 
 Giboulard, Gatienne, Auxerre, the very handsome daugh- 
 ter of a wealthy carpenter; Sarcus, about 1823, vainly desired 
 her as his wife, but could not obtain the paternal consent of 
 ''Sarcus le Riche." Soon after the frequenters of Mme. 
 Soudry's salon, who represented the first society of a neigh- 
 boring small town, had thoughts of using her in their base 
 schemes against M. and Mme. de Montcornet; she might, 
 perhaps, even be used to compromise Abbe Brossette [The 
 Peasantry, _R]. 
 
 Gigelmi, once conductor of the Italian orchestra, a refugee 
 in Paris, together with the Gambaras, after the Revolution of 
 1830; he took his meals at Giardini's, on the Rue Froidman- 
 teau. To all praise of Beethoven Gigelmi was more inclined 
 to deafness than usual [Gambara, hh\ 
 
 Gigonnet, the picturesque and significant nickname given 
 to Bidault. See that name. 
 
 Giguet, Colonel ; perhaps originally of Arcis-sur-Aube, to 
 which he had retired ; one of Mme. Marion's brothers. An 
 officer much esteemed in the grande armee ; of a character 
 
COMAdIE HUMAINE. 213 
 
 both honest and refined ; for eleven years simply a captain of 
 artillery of the Guard, chief of battalion, 1813, major in 1814; 
 out of attachment to Napoleon he refused to serve the Bour- 
 bons after his first abdication, and gave proof of his devotion 
 to him, in 1815, when he would have been banished had not 
 the Comte de Gondreville intervened ; he also had the credit 
 for obtaining a pension and the retiring grade of colonel for 
 Giguet. About 1806 he married one of the daughters of a 
 rich banker in Hamburg, who bore him three children, and 
 who died in 1814. He also lost his two youngest children in 
 i8i8 and 1825, which left him a sole surviving son, Simon. 
 A Bonapartist and Liberal, the colonel, during the Restora- 
 tion, was president of the Directory Committee at Arcis, and 
 there rubbed shoulders with the heads of the families Grevin, 
 Beauvisage, and Varlet, all notabilities on the same side. He 
 abandoned militant politics, when his ideas triumphed, and, 
 under Louis-Philippe, became a past-master in horticulture, 
 and was the creator of the celebrated Giguet rose. Never- 
 theless, the colonel remained the idol of his sister's very influ- 
 ential salon, where he is seen at the time of the legislative 
 elections of 1839. In the first part of May of that year the 
 little, but well preserved, old man presided at Frappart's hall 
 at an election meeting, the candidates being his own son, 
 Maitre Simon Giguet, Phileas Beauvisage, and Sallenauve- 
 Dorlange [The Deputy for Arcis, Z>J>]. 
 
 Giguet, Colonel, brother of the foregoing and Mme. 
 Marion, was a corporal of gendarmes at Arcis-sur-Aube, in 
 1803. He passed to lieutenant in 1806. As a corporal 
 Giguet was one of the most intelligent men in the legion. 
 The commander at Troyes informed the Parisian police-detec- 
 tives, Peyrade and Corentin, who were instructed to investi- 
 gate the doings of the Simeuses and Hauteserres, of their acts, 
 which brought about the loss of those young Royalists in con- 
 sequence of the fictitious abduction of Gondreville. However, 
 a cunning trick of little Francois Michu trapped Corporal 
 
214 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Giguet, who intended seizing the conspirators, who thus made 
 good their retreat. Promoted a lieutenant, he, after their 
 arrest, became colonel of gendarmes at Troyes, whither he 
 followed Mme. Marion, then Mile. Giguet. Colonel Giguet 
 died before his brother and sister, and constituted Mme. 
 Marion his universal legatee [A Historical Mystery, ff — The 
 Deputy for Arcis, J)iy\. 
 
 Giguet, Simon; born under the first Empire; the eldest 
 and sole surviving child of Giguet, the colonel of artillery. 
 He lost his mother in 1814 ; she was the daughter of a wealthy 
 banker of Hamburg, and, in 1826, his maternal grandfather 
 turned over to him an income of two thousand francs per 
 year, the German having to study the remainder of his own 
 large family. He had little hope of inheriting more than his 
 paternal aunt's fortune, which was larger than that of his 
 father's, and had beside that coming from Giguet of the 
 gendarmes. So, after having studied under Antonin Gou- 
 lard, the sub-prefect, Simon Giguet, frustrated of a fortune 
 which he fully expected, became a barrister in the little 
 town of Arcis, where barristers were but seldom needed. The 
 position of his father and aunt made him ambitious for a 
 political career. Giguet at this time was a pretender to the 
 hand and dowry o'f Cecile Beauvisage. A man of the Left- 
 Centre party, by all account, of only mediocre ability, he 
 heard of the coming elections in May, 1839, and announced 
 his candidature for deputy for the arrondissement of Arcis- 
 sur-Aube [The Deputy for Arcis, _DX>]. 
 
 Gilet, Maxence; born in 1789. In Issoudun he was sup- 
 posed to be the natural son of M. Lousteau, substitute judge ; 
 others gave him Doctor Rouget as his father, the friend and 
 at the same time the rival of Lousteau. To sum up, " luckily 
 for the child, the doctor and substitute each disputed the 
 other's paternity." Now, as a fact, he looked to belong 
 neither to the one nor the other, his real father being ''a 
 charming officer of dragoons in garrison at Bourges." His 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. ' 215 
 
 mother, the wife of a poor sabot-maker in the neighborhood 
 of the faubourg de Rome at Issoudun, had the marvelous 
 beauty of a " Transteverine." Her husband knew of his 
 wife's infidelities and profited thereby ; for his own advantage 
 he allowed both the substitute and Dr. Rouget to believe that 
 each was the parent of the child, so that both one and the 
 other should concurrently assist in the education of Maxence, 
 commonly spoken of as Max. In 1806, when seventeen years 
 old, Max enlisted in a regiment then on its way to Spain ; in 
 1809, in Portugal, he was left for dead in an English battery; 
 he was taken by the English and sent to the Spanish hulks at 
 Cabrera; Gilet stayed there from 1810 to 181 4. When he 
 returned to Issoudun, his father and mother were dead at the 
 hospital. On Bonaparte's return Max served in the Imperial 
 Guard as captain. Under the second Restoration he again 
 returned to Issoudun and became the chief of the *' Knights 
 of Idlesse," who enlivened themselves with nocturnal Byronic 
 recreations more or less agreeable to the town's folk. " Max, at 
 Issoudun, played a part very similar to that of the 'Armorer in 
 the Fair Maid of Perth ' ; he was the champion of Bonaparte and 
 the Opposition. He was looked to on great occasions as the 
 good men of Perth looked to Smith. A fray gave the hero and 
 the victim of the hundred days his opportunity." Caesar 
 Borgia could not cover more ground than Gilet; he lived well, 
 although devoid of personal resources. This is why : Max, on 
 the strength of being the natural brother of Jean-Jacques 
 Rouget, an old, wealthy, inept bachelor, who was dominated 
 by his servant-mistress, Flore Brazier (called la Rabouilleuse), 
 was installed in his home. From 1816 Gilet reigned in that 
 household ; the pretty boy had conquered the heart of Mile. 
 Brazier. Surrounded by a kind of major-state, in which 
 Potel, Renard, Kouski, Frangois Hochon, and Baruch Bor- 
 niche figured, Maxence forthwith coveted for himself the 
 very important succession of Rouget's; he worked his 
 schemes in a marvelous manner against two of the legitimate 
 
216 COMPENDIUM 
 
 heirs, Agathe and Joseph Bridau, and he would have appro- 
 priated it but for the intervention of a third one, Philippe 
 Bridau. Max was killed by Philippe in a duel in the early- 
 part of December, 1822 [A Bachelor's Establishment, ejT]. 
 
 Gille, an old printer to the Emperor; he possessed several 
 fonts of type that Jerome-Nicolas Sechard used in 1819, and 
 maintained that these' types were the fathers of the Messrs. 
 Didots' English types [Lost Illusions, N\ 
 
 Gina, a character in " I'Ambitieux par amour," an auto- 
 biographical novel by Albert Savarus, published in his "Revue 
 de TEst," under Louis-Philippe, disguising a certain *' fero- 
 cious" Sormano. She is represented as a young Sicilian 
 woman who had been in the service of the Gandolphinis for 
 fourteen years; this family were proscribed refugees, in 1823, 
 at Gersau, Switzerland ; devoted to their interests, she pre- 
 tended to be a mute, and did not hesitate to stab Rudolphe, 
 the hero of the romance, when he showed a lack of discretion 
 [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Gina, in 1836, at Genoa, in the service of M. and Mme. 
 Maurice de I'Hostal [Honorine, Jz\. 
 
 Ginetta, a Corsican young girl. Very small, slight, but 
 not a little cunning ; the mistress of Theodore Calvi and his 
 accomplice in the double crime committed by her lover, about 
 the end of the Restoration ; in fact, she had been able, thanks 
 to her slender shape, to creep into the house of the widow 
 Pigeau through the bake-oven ; in turn, she opened the door 
 of the house to Theodore, who killed and despoiled the 
 two occupants — the widow and her servant [Vautrin's Last 
 Avatar, »\ 
 
 Girard, under the Restoration, a bank cashier, Paris; 
 perhaps he also acted as a usurer ; he knew Jean-Esther van 
 Gobseck. Like Palma, Werbrust, and Gigonnet, Girard 
 owned a lot of acceptances signed by Maxime de Trailles, 
 and Gobseck, whom he knew, turned them to his profit 
 against the count, the lover of Mme. de Restaud, at the time 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 217 
 
 when Trailles vainly implored for money on the Rue des Gres 
 [M. Gobseck, r/]. 
 
 Girard, Mother, who kept a modest restaurant, Rue de 
 Tournon, Paris, before 1838; she had a successor, in whose 
 house Godefroid promised to take his board when he went on 
 a tour of inspection on the extreme left bank of the Seine and 
 afforded help to the Bourlac-Mergi families [The Seamy Side 
 of History, T\ 
 
 Girardet, an attorney at Besangon, between 1830 and 
 1840. A verbose man, a partisan of Albert Savarus, he fol- 
 lowed, most likely for him, the beginning of a trial in which 
 the interests of the Wattevilles had been assailed. When 
 Albert Savaron de Savarus abruptly left Besangon, Girardet 
 took charge of his business and lent him five thousand francs 
 [Albert Savaron, /]. 
 
 Giraud, Leon, was a member of the Cenacle, 1821, pre- 
 sided over by Daniel d'Arthez, Rue des Quatre-Vents, Paris. 
 He represented the philosophical element. His "doctrines" 
 predicted the end of Christianity and the family. Giraud, in 
 that same year (1821). managed an Opposition newspaper, 
 *' dignified and serious." He became the head of a school of 
 morals and politics in which "sincerity compensated for mis- 
 takes" [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, M.\ Pretty 
 near the same date Giraud frequented the home of his friend 
 Joseph Bridau, and was there at the time when the painter's 
 eldest brother compromised himself [A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, e7]. The Revolution of July opened a political career 
 to Leon Giraud, a master of requests in 1832, then a councilor 
 of State ; he was in accord with Louis-Philippe for having 
 funeral honors paid Chrestien, the combatant of Saint-Merri's. 
 In 1845, ^<^o^ ^is seat in the chamber on the Left-Centre 
 benches [The Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, z — The 
 Unconscious Mummers, vl\. 
 
 Gireix, of Vizay. A relative of Farrabesche's, he earned 
 one hundred Louis for delivering him up to the gendarmes. 
 
218 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Farrabesche did not remain one single night in the Lubersac 
 prison [The Country Parson, jP]. 
 
 Girel, of Troyes. As said of Michu, and like him, under 
 the first Revolution, Girel was also Royalist, under a Jacobin 
 cloak, for his own advantage. From 1803 to 1806, at least, 
 he was in correspondence with the firm of Breintmayer, of 
 Strasbourg, who acted as agents for the twins of the Simeuse 
 family, and who were tracked by Bonaparte's police [A His- 
 torical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Girodet, Anne-Louis, a celebrated painter, born at Mon- 
 targis, 1767; died at Paris in 1824. Under the Empire he was 
 in friendly intercourse with his colleague, Theodore de Som- 
 mervieux ; in his atelier he one day vastly admired the portrait 
 of Augustine Guillaume and an interior scene, which he vainly 
 discountenanced him sending to the salon, saying there was too 
 much linen in it to suit the public. He added: ''You see, 
 these two works will not be appreciated. Such true coloring, 
 such prodigious work cannot yet be understood ; the public is 
 not accustomed to such depths. The pictures we paint, my 
 dear fellow, are mere screens. We should do better to turn 
 rhymes, and translate the antique poets" [At the Sign of the 
 Cat and Racket, t\ 
 
 Giroud, Abbe, Rosalie de Watteville's confessor, at Be- 
 san^on, between 1830 and 1840 [Albert Savaron, /]. 
 
 Giroudeau ; born about 1774. The uncle of Andoche 
 Finot ; he was a simple cavalryman in the army of the Sambre 
 and Meuse; in five years was master-at-arms in the First 
 Hussars (of the army of Italy) ; he, with Colonel Chabert, 
 had command at Eylau. He passed into the dragoons of the 
 Imperial Guard. Giroudeau was a captain therein in 1815. 
 The Restoration interrupted his military career, Finot man- 
 aged divers Parisian reviews and other sheets ; to him was 
 confided the writing of a little newspaper specially consecrated 
 to dramatic articles, and of which he had the management 
 from 1 82 1 to 1822. Giroudeau was also the responsible 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. ^1$ 
 
 manager ; and replied with arms to the provocations concern- 
 ing the soldier, who for the rest lived a jolly life. Although 
 he had catarrh, he had as his mistress Florentine Cabirolle, of 
 the Gaite. He frequently met those of his own sort, among 
 others an old comrade, the eldest Bridau. He also assisted 
 as a witness on his marriage to the widow of Jean-Jacques 
 Rouget, 1824. Frederic Marest, in November, 1825, gave a 
 grand breakfast of welcome to the clerks of Maitre Desroches, 
 and there Giroudeau made a convivial guest at the Rocher 
 de Cancale, kept by the famous Borel ; he was also one of the 
 others seen at Florentine Cabirolle's apartments that same 
 evening, on the Rue de Vendome, where little Oscar Husson 
 most involuntarily compromised himself. Ex-captain Girou- 
 deau made little of his three glorious exploits ; he returned to 
 the service after the advent of the crowned-citizen, and be- 
 came in time colonel, and then general, 1834-35. At this 
 time he sought satisfaction for his legitimate resentment 
 against his old friend Philippe Bridau, and did all he could 
 to impede his advancement [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, J/— A Start in Life, 8 — A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, «7]. 
 
 Givry, one of the numerous names of the second son of 
 the Due de Chaulieu, who became, through his marriage with 
 Madeleine de Mortsauf, a Lenoncourt-Givry-Chaulieu [Letters 
 of Two Brides, i;— The Lily of the Valley, X— The Harlot's 
 Progress, Y\ 
 
 Gobain, Madame Marie, an old cook to a bishop, living 
 in Paris, under the Restoration, on the Rue Saint-Maur, in 
 the Popincourt quarter, in good style. Marie Gobain there 
 served Octave de Bauvan. She was chambermaid and woman 
 in charge for Comtesse Honorine, who had flown away from 
 the old conjugal mansion and had become an artificial flower- 
 maker. Madame Gobain had been secretly obtained by M. 
 de Bauvan, who, in some sort, mysteriously lived in the life 
 of his wife. Although looking after her mistress on account 
 
220 COMPENDIUM 
 
 of her husband, she was not so devoted but that she introduced 
 into Honorine's house Maurice de THostal, Octave's secre- 
 tary. At one time the countess took the name of her servant 
 [Honorine, /?]. 
 
 Gobenheim, brother-in-law of Francois and Adolphe 
 Keller, whose names Were joined the same as his own. About 
 1819, at Paris, he was the first appointed "judge-commissary " 
 in Cesar Birotteau's failure, being afterward replaced by Ca- 
 musot [Cesar Birotteau, O]. Under Louis-Philippe, Goben- 
 heim, a stockbroker in Paris, looked after the pretty handsome 
 savings of Mme. Fabien du Ronceret [Beatrix, 'P\ 
 
 Gobenheim, nephew of Gobenheim-Keller, Paris; a young 
 banker at 1' Havre, in 1829 ; a frequent caller on the Mignons, 
 without seeking their heiress, Marie-Modeste [Modeste Mig- 
 non, ^]. 
 
 Gobet, Madame, in 1829, at 1' Havre; Mme. and Mile. 
 Mignon's shoemaker, and grumbled at by Marie-Modeste for 
 the inelegant boots and shoes which she furnished her [Mo- 
 deste Mignon, JS7]. 
 
 Gobseck, Jean-Esther van, a usurer, born in 1740, at 
 Antwerp, of a Jew and a Dutchwoman ; he began by being 
 blunt. He was not more than ten years old when his mother 
 embarked for the Dutch East Indies. In India or America 
 Jean-Esther became acquainted with M. de Lally, Admiral de 
 Simeuse, M. de Kergarouet, M. d'Estaing, M. de Portenduere, 
 Lord Cornwallis, Lord Hastings, Tippo-Sahib, and his father. 
 He had transactions with Victor Hughes and a number of 
 famous corsairs ; he traveled the world and exercised his craft 
 everywhere. The passion for money had entire hold upon 
 him. The heaping up of gold and power, the result of his 
 avarice, was his only joy. He arrived in Paris and there be- 
 came the head-centre of numerous businesses, establishing 
 himself on the Rue des Gres — to-day the Rue Cujas ; there 
 Gobseck, arrayed in his dressing-gown, had audience with the 
 elegant Maxime de Trailles and was melted by the tears of 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 221 
 
 Mme. de Restaud and those of Jean-Joachim Goriot, 1819. 
 About the same time, Ferdinand du Tillet, also after the 
 money, had an " operation " with him and saluted " Gobseck 
 the great, the master of Palma, Gigonnet, Werbrust, Keller, 
 and Nucingen." Jean-Esther, always sure of meeting his 
 friend Bidault-Gigonnet, went each evening to the Cafe 
 Themis, between the Rue Dauphine and Quai des Augus- 
 tins, to have a game of dominoes, 1824. He was called out 
 from there by Elisabeth Baudoyer, to whom he promised his 
 intervention, in December of the same year : as a matter of 
 fact, Gobseck, flanked by Mitral, gained over Clement Chardin 
 des Lupeaulx, of whom they made themselves creditors, and 
 thus brought about the nomination of Isidore Baudoyer as 
 successor to the late chief of the division, Flamet de la Bil- 
 lardiere. In 1830 Jean-Esther, an octogenarian, and living 
 most sordidly on the Rue des Gres, had become enormously 
 wealthy. The last wishes of the miser were given to Derville. 
 We know that Gobseck was the cause of Derville's marriage 
 and that he was received with friendliness in the latter's 
 household. Fifteen years after the death of the Dutchman 
 the ''Parisian of the Boulevards"* described him as **the 
 last of the Romans." He had a most peculiar signature, 
 which showed the talons of a bird-of-prey 
 [Gobseck, g — Father Goriot, 6r— Cesar 
 Birotteau, O — Les Employes, CC — The 
 Unconscious Mummers, if]. 
 
 Gobseck, Sarah van, called the Handsome Dutchwoman. 
 It was a particular token of the Gobseck family — as also in 
 that of the Maranas — that the female line always preserved the 
 first patronymic designation ; thus Sarah van Gobseck was the 
 great-niece of Jean-Esther van Gobseck. That prostitute, the 
 mother of Esther, another woman of gallantry, had the nature 
 and manners of the Paris girls ; she conduced to Birotteau's 
 notary's failure, Maitre Roguin, and was in time ruined by 
 
 * Bixiou. 
 
 peculiar bigiia-iurc, 
 
222 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Maxime de Trailles, whom she worshiped and kept when he 
 was a simple page to Napoleon the first. She died in a house 
 of the Palais-Royal, seized by a rush of love and furious folly, 
 December, 1818. Sarah Gobseck's memory survived for a 
 long time; from 1824 to 1839 the prodigalities and outrageous 
 life of the courtesan were common talk [Cesar Birotteau, O — 
 The Maranas, e — The Harlot's Progress, 1^— The Deputy for 
 Arcis, Diy\. 
 
 Gobseck, Esther van, born in 1805, of Jewish origin ; 
 daughter of the preceding and great-great-niece of Jean- 
 Esther van Gobseck. For a long time she followed a similar 
 life to her mother, in Paris, which she began early in her 
 existence and of which she knew what chances she was taking. 
 She was very quickly given the significant nickname of *Ma 
 Torpille." For some time she was a " rat " at the Academie 
 Royal de Musique, and counted among those by whom she had 
 been kept Clement Chardin des Lupeaulx; very stiff and 
 awkward, 1823, she was a failure in Paris, and left there for 
 Issoudun, where, for a Machiavellian end, Philippe Bridau 
 would have given her as mistress to Jean-Jacques Rouget, on 
 the collective advice of Nathan, Florine, Bixiou, Finot, 
 Mariette, Florentine, Giroudeau, and Tullia. The affair 
 failed ; Esther Gobseck heard in the house of the tolerance 
 of Mme. Meynardie, whom she had deserted about the end 
 of 1823. One evening as she was passing out of the Porte- 
 Saint-Martin theatre she fortunately met Lucien Chardon de 
 Rubempre, with whom she fell in love at first sight. Their 
 love was crossed by a thousand different things. The poet 
 and ex-prostitute committed the mistake of being seen at the 
 opera; they there had an adventure, in the winter of 1824, at 
 the annual ball. Unmasked and insulted, Esther Gobseck 
 flew to the Rue de Langlade,* where she lived most wretchedly. 
 The dangerous, powerful, and occult protector of Rubempre, 
 
 * The opening of the Avenue de I'Opera caused the demolition of this 
 street. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 223 
 
 Jacques Collin, followed her home ; he gave her a lecture and 
 finally decided Esther's future existence ; he made her a 
 Catholic and had her carefully brought up, and then, soon 
 after accomplishing this, gave her to Lucien, on the Rue Tait- 
 bout. Guarded by Jacqueline Collin, Paccard, and Prudence 
 Servien, Esther lived in the suite of rooms lately occupied by 
 Caroline Crochard. She was only allowed to take a promenade 
 at night. Nevertheless, Baron de Nucingen discovered the 
 mysterious beauty and became crazy by love for Esther. 
 Jacques Collin made the most of the situation ; Esther ac- 
 cepted the banker and by his means enriched Chardon de 
 Rubempre. In 1830, Esther Gobseck owned a fine mansion, 
 grander than that of any other courtesan. Rue Saint-Georges: 
 she there received Mme. du Val-Noble, Tullia and Florentine 
 (two dancers), Fanny Beaupre and Florine (two actresses). 
 Her new position provoked the formidable intervention of the 
 police : Louchard, Contenson, Peyrade, and Corentin. In 
 May, 1830, incapable of filling Nucingen's wishes, to whom 
 she promised herself the day following the ''execution of la 
 Torpille," she took a Javanese poison. She died without 
 knov/ing that she was the heiress to the seven million francs 
 left by her great-great-uncle, Jean-Esther van Gobseck [Gob- 
 seck, g — The Firm of Nucingen, t — A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, J — The Harlot's Progress, Y^Z]. 
 
 Godain ; born in Burgundy, 1796; a neighbor of Sou- 
 langes, at Blangy and Ville-aux-Fayes ; nephew of one of the 
 masons who built Mme. Soudry's house ; a malignant field 
 laborer, avaricious and poor : first he was the lover and then 
 the husband of Catherine Tonsard, whom he married about 
 1823 [The Peasantry, M']. 
 
 Godain, Madame Catherine, the eldest legitimate daugh- 
 ter of Tonsard, the innkeeper of the Grand I Vert, situated 
 between Conches and Ville-aux-Fayes. A virile beauty of 
 depraved instincts, an assiduous attendant at the Tivoli-Soc- 
 quard ; the devoted sister of Nicolas Tonsard, for whom she 
 
224 COMPENDIUM 
 
 tried to throw from virtue Genevieve Niseron ; courted by 
 Charles, Montcornet's valet ; feared by Amaury Lupin ; mar- 
 ried Godain, one of her lovers, and obtained a dowry of one 
 thousand francs from Mme. de Montcornet by an ingenious 
 scheme [The Peasantry, JK]. 
 
 Godard, Joseph; born in 1798, probably at Paris; to some 
 extent an ally of the Baudoyers through Mitral ; puny and 
 catarrhal ; a fifer in the National Guard ; a bundle of imbe- 
 cilities ; a chaste bachelor ; living with his sister, an artificial 
 flower-maker, Rue Richelieu, Paris; about the years 1824-25, 
 an employe in the Bureau of Finance ; a mediocre sub-chief in 
 Isidore Baudoyer's office, and one of the victims of his col- 
 league Bixiou's mystifications. With Dutocq, Joseph Godard 
 made numerous calls on the Baudoyers and their relations, 
 the Saillards. He extolled Baudoyer's advancement in the 
 office ; he is often met with in their home, where he seems, in 
 the evenings, to have played the flageolet [Les Employes, CC 
 — The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Godard, Mademoiselle, sister of the foregoing, living on 
 the Rue Richelieu, Paris, where, in 1824, she kept an artifi- 
 cial-flower store. Mile. Godard gave employment to Zelie 
 Lorrain, who afterward became the wife of an employe in the 
 Bureau of Finance, Francois Minard. She received both 
 Minard and Dutocq [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Godard, in May, 1830, was in the service of the Marquise 
 d'Espard, 104 Rue Faubourg Saint-Honore ; during the trial 
 of the Collin-Rubempre case he went on horseback with a 
 little note to the minister of justice which had been obtained 
 from the wife of the judge of instruction, Camusot [Vau- 
 trin's Last Avatar, ;sj]. 
 
 Godard, Manon, Mme. de la Chanterie's servant. She 
 was arrested in 1809, between Alen^on and Mortagne, as 
 being implicated in the aflair called the *' Chauffeurs,** at 
 about the same time as the execution of Mme. des Tours- 
 Minieres, Mme. de la Chanterie's daughter. Manon Godard 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 225 
 
 was condemned for contumacy to twenty-two years' imprison- 
 ment, for neither deserting nor delivering Mme. de la Chan- 
 terie into captivity. For a long time after the liberation of 
 the baroness, under Louis-Philippe, Manon lived with her on 
 the Rue Chanoinesse, in the house of refuge in which Alain, 
 Montauran, Godefroid, etc., also resided [The Seamy Side of 
 History, T]. 
 
 Godde-Herau, under the Restoration, a family of bank- 
 ers at Issoudun, the members of which, in 1823, the evening of 
 the arrival of Agathe and Joseph Bridau, met the Borniches, 
 Beussier, Lousteau-Prangin, and Fichet, at the old Hochons 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, «/]. 
 
 Goddet, an old army surgeon-major of the Third Regiment 
 of the line, about 1823 ; the best doctor in Issoudun. One of 
 his sons belonged to the Knights of Idlesse, under the com- 
 mand of Maxence Gilet. Goddet's son. made a pretense of 
 courting Mme. Fichet in order, through the mother's means, 
 to marry her daughter, who had the largest dowry in Issoudun 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, tT\ 
 
 Godefroid, only known by his Christian name, born 
 about 1806, probably at Paris. The son of a rich and 
 saving retailer ; educated at the Liautard Institute ; naturally 
 weak, both morally and physically ; he vainly tried in turns 
 the cf>lling of a notary, an employe in the bureaus, literature, 
 pleasijre, journalism, politics, and marriage, but vainly in each 
 case. At the end of the year 1836 he found himself poor 
 and completely isolated ; he now wished to lead a passive and 
 parsimonious life. He left the Chaussee d' Antin and installed 
 himself on the Rue Chanoinesse, where he became one of 
 Mme. de la Chanterie's boarders, who were known as the 
 "Brotherhood of Consolation." The recommendation of 
 the Mongenods, bankers, made him a welcome inmate. The 
 Abbe de Veze, Montauran, Lecamus de Tresnes, Alain, and 
 the baroness, especially the latter, gradually moulded him ; he 
 was given sundry missions of charity to attend, among others^ 
 15 
 
226 COMPENDIUM 
 
 in the Montparnasse quarter, that of relieving the frightful 
 poverty of the Bourlac and Mergi families, about the middle 
 of Louis-Philippe's reign. The head of this family, then an 
 imperial judge, had judicially prosecuted, 1809, Mesdames de 
 la Chanterie and des Tours-Minieres. After this generous 
 deed had been successfully accomplished, the order of the 
 Brotherhood of Consolation openly acknowledged Godefroid 
 as an initiate ; he declared himself happy in the result ob- 
 tained [The Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Godenars, Abbe de, born about 1795 ; one of the vicars- 
 general of the archbishopric of Besan^on, between 1830 and 
 1840. Since 1835 he had wished to become a bishop; at 
 that time he is encountered in the aristocratic salon of the 
 Wattevilles, at the moment when the precipitate flight of Albert 
 Savarus took place, provoked by the young heiress of that 
 family [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Godeschal, Francois-Claude-Marie, born about 1804. 
 In 1818 he was third clerk to attorney Maitre Derville, Rue 
 Vivienne, Paris, when he saw the unfortunate Chabert [Colonel 
 Chabert, -i]. In 1820, a wretched orphan, a brother with a 
 devoted sister, Mariette the dancer, he lived on the eighth 
 floor of a house on the Rue Vieille-du-Temple. Godeschal had 
 already revealed his practical nature and interesting character, 
 egotistical, but true and right, and at times capable of gener- 
 osity [A Bachelor's Establishment, e7]. In 1822 he became 
 the second clerk ; he then left Maitre Derville and went into at- 
 torney Desroches' office as head clerk ; he there congratulated 
 on his conduct and work his new auxiliary, Oscar Husson, who 
 had taken a liking to him [A Start in Life, 8\. Godeschal is 
 still found to be Maitre Desroches' head clerk six years later, 
 having management of the petition by which Mme. d'Espard 
 prayed for a commission in lunacy to try her husband [The Com- 
 mission in Lunacy, c\. Under Louis-Philippe he became one 
 of the attorneys of Paris, and paid one-half of the cost of his 
 position (1840), and intended to pay the balance out of Celeste 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 227 
 
 Colleville's dowry, but her hand was refused to him in spite of 
 Cardot's, the notary, recommendation ; the Thuilliers and Colle- 
 villes discarded Godeschal because of his sister, Marie Gode- 
 schal, the dancer, called Mariette. Derville's and Desroches' 
 old clerk had Theodose de la Peyrade among his clientage ; he 
 assisted in the purchase of the house near the Madeleine 
 [The Middle Classes, ee\ Godeschal was in practice about 
 1845; among his clients were the Camusots de Marville 
 [Cousin Pons, x\ 
 
 Godeschal, Marie; born about 1804. Nearly all her life 
 she kept up the closest and most tender relations of friendship 
 with her brother, Godeschal, the attorney. Without relatives 
 or fortune, she had, 1820, the same domicile as her brother — 
 the eighth floor of a house on the Rue Vieille-du-Temple, 
 Paris. Her fraternal devotion made Marie a dancer by her 
 own free will. At ten years of age she began to learn her 
 profession. The celebrated Vestris taught and predicted a 
 brilliant future for her. Under the name of Mariette she was 
 successively employed at the Porte-Saint-Martin and the 
 Academic Royal de Musique. Her success with boulevard 
 folk displeased the famous Begrand. Very soon after, in 
 January, 1821, her angelic beauty, preserved by her frigid 
 manner, opened to her the doors of the opera. Then she had 
 numbers of lovers. The aristocratic and fashionable Maufrig- 
 neuse was her protector, and he certainly kept her for a 
 number of consecutive years. Mariette also received Philippe 
 Bridau, and was the involuntary cause of that officer com- 
 mitting a theft in order to struggle against Maufrigneuse. 
 Four months after this she went to London, where she ex- 
 ploited the opulent peers of the House of Lords; returning 
 to Paris, she became first lady at the Academy of Music, 
 transported to the Rue Peletier, in 1822. Mariette counted 
 among her favored callers Florentine Cabirolle, and also 
 called upon that ballet-dancer of the Gaite. It was in her 
 house that Mariette took a bad step with Oscar Husson, 
 
228 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Cardot's nephew, 1825. As for the rest, Marie never missed 
 a f§te : she saw the brilliant reappearance in public of Esther 
 (Gobseck), and applauded her, at the Porte-Saint-Martin. 
 Until the end of Louis-Philippe's reign people still cited her, 
 and Mariette was found among the illustrations of the opera 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, J — A Start in Life, s — The 
 Harlot's Progress, Y — Cousin Pons, a?]. 
 
 Godet, a family at Issoudun, under the Restoration, who, 
 with the rest of that city, were so eager to learn of the dispo- 
 sition of Jean -Jacques Rouget's succession, then in dispute 
 between Bridau and Gilet [A Bachelor's Establishment, e/]. 
 
 Godet, under the Restoration, a robber, assassin, and 
 accomplice of Dannepont and Ruffard in the death of the 
 Crottats [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ;sj]. 
 
 Godin, under Louis-Philippe, a Parisian bourgeois ; had a 
 lively discussion with a friend of M. de la Palferine, who, by 
 reason of his low and ignoble birth, refused to fight a duel 
 with him, on the advice of Charles-Edouard Rusticoli [A 
 Prince of Bohemia, FF']. 
 
 Godin, La, about 1823, a peasant of Conches, to whom the 
 process-server, Vermichel, told of the coming seizure of her 
 cow, with the aid of his employer, Brunet, the bailiff, and his 
 other colleague, Fourchon [The Peasantry, If]. 
 
 Godivet, the registrar of Arcis-sur-Aube, 1839. Appointed 
 through the efforts of Achille Pigoult, one of the two assessors 
 in the electoral meeting preparatory to the general election, 
 organized by Simon Giguet, and over which Phileas Beau- 
 visage presided [The Deputy for Arcis, J>2)]. 
 
 GodoUo, CoMTESSE Tarna de, probably a Hungarian, a 
 police-spy under Corentin's orders. Her mission was to pre- 
 vent the marriage of Theodose de la Peyrade to Celeste Col- 
 leville. In the end, about 1840, she was a tenant of the 
 Thuilliers, Paris, near the Madeleine; she frequently called 
 upon them, and seduced and dominated them. Mnie. de 
 GodQUp also took the name of Mme. Komorn. The intelb- 
 
COM Ad IE HUMAINE, 229 
 
 gence and beauty of this pretended countess for a moment 
 fascinated Theodose de la Peyrade [The Middle Classes, ee]. 
 
 Goguelat, a foot-soldier in the first Empire; passing into 
 the Guards in 1812, was decorated by Napoleon Bonaparte on 
 the battle-field of Valontina; under the Restoration he re- 
 turned to Isere commune, of which Benassis was the mayor, 
 and became the walking postman. To an old villager, in 
 1829, he recounted the history of Napoleon Bonaparte, with 
 a familiarity both rustic and picturesque, before an assembly 
 in which were Gondrin, la Fousseuse, Genestas, and Benassis 
 [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Goguelu, Mademoiselle, in 1799, a Breton girl 
 "haunted" by the Chouan Marie Lambrequin; 'Mie mis- 
 guided that girl of Goguelu's and was weighed down by 
 a mortal sin " [The Chouans, ^]. 
 
 Gohier, at Paris, 1824, jeweler to the King of France; 
 he furnished to Elisabeth Baudoyer the monstrance which 
 was needed to beautify the church of Saint-Paul, and given 
 by her in order to advance Isidore Baudoyer in the bureau 
 [Les Employes, cc\ 
 
 Gomez, captain of the Saint-Ferdinand, a Spanish brig, 
 which came from America to France about 1833, having on 
 board the Marquis d'Aiglemont, who had become wealthy 
 again. Gomez was boarded by a Columbian corsair whose 
 captain, the Parisian, threw him into the sea [A Woman of 
 Thirty, g\. 
 
 Gondrand, Abbe, under the Restoration, at Paris, confessor 
 of the Duchesse Antoinette de Langeais, whom he directed in 
 her good dinners and her little sins ; often piously installed 
 as the shepherd of the salon, when General Armand de 
 Montriveau called upon her [The Duchess of Langeais, &6]. 
 
 Gondreville, Malin was his real name; more often 
 known by the name of Comte de; born in 1763, without 
 doubt at Arcis-sur-Aube. Little and fat ; the grandson of a 
 mason employed by the Marquis de Simeuse to build the castle 
 
230 COMPENDIUM 
 
 of Gondreville ; only son of the owner of the house at Arcis 
 in which dwelt his friend Grevin, in 1839; on Danton's 
 recommendation he was admitted as a procureur to the 
 Chatelet at Paris, 1787; he was Maitre Bordin's head clerk 
 in the same city and year ; two years later he returned to the 
 country to practice as a barrister {avocai) at Troyes ; he be- 
 came an obscure and insignificant member of the Convention ; 
 he was made a friend of by Talleyrand and Fouche, from 
 June, 1800, owing to singular and opportune circumstances;, 
 he was successively a member of the tribune, councilor of State, 
 count of the Empire — Comte de Gondreville — and finally a sen- 
 ator. Councilor of State Malin de Gondreville was employed on 
 the construction of the Code ; he played a great part in Paris. 
 He purchased one of the most beautiful mansions in the 
 faubourg Saint-Germain, and married the only daughter of 
 Sibuelle, a rich contractor of little reputation, and whom 
 Gondreville had appointed as co-receiver-general of the Aube 
 with one of the Marions. His marriage took place in the 
 time of the Directory or the Consulate. Three children were 
 the result of this union : Charles de Gondreville, the Mare- 
 chale de Carigliano, and Mme. Frangois Keller. Then 
 Malin looked after his own particular interests by drawing 
 closer to Bonaparte. Later, before the Emperor and the 
 prefect of police, Dubois, Gondreville, with prudent egoism, 
 simulated a free-hearted generosity and prayed for the erasion 
 of the names of the Hauteserres and Simeuses from the list 
 of emigrants, who were later falsely accused of his abduction 
 and sequestration. In 1809, at Paris, Senator Malin gave a 
 grand festival, which he vainly expected the Emperor would 
 attend ; at the same fdte Mme. de Lansac effected the recon- 
 ciliation of the Soulanges' household. Louis XVIIL created 
 Comte Malin a peer of France. Charles X. looked with 
 little favor on Malin, being more intimate with Talleyrand. 
 Under Louis-Philippe he was again a courtier of the King. 
 The Monarchy of July created the Comte de Gondreville a 
 
COMtDIE HUMAINE. 231 
 
 peer of France anew. One evening in 1833, at a reception 
 given by the Princessede Cadignan, he met the prime minister, 
 Henri de Marsay, who was full of ancient political history of 
 which all present were ignorant, but which was well known 
 by Malin. The legislative elections of 1839 gave occupation 
 to Gondreville ; he gave his influence to his son-in-law, 
 Charles Keller, in the arrondissement of Arcis. Malin cared 
 but little which of the candidates might be elected — Dorlange- 
 Sallenauve, Phileas Beauvisage, Trailles, or Giguet — after the 
 death of Keller [A Historical Mystery, j(f— A Start in Life, s 
 — The "Peace of the House, J — The Deputy for Arcis, Djy]. 
 
 Gondreville, Comtesse Malin de, nee Sibuelle, wife of 
 the foregoing; a person whose utter insignificance was plainly 
 manifest at the grand festival given at Paris by the count in 
 1809 [The Peace of the House, j~\. 
 
 Gondreville, Charles de, son of the two last-mentioned 
 persons ; a sub-lieutenant m the Saint-Chamans Dragoons, 
 1818 ; young and wealthy, he perished in the Spanish campaign 
 of 1823. His death caused his mistress, Mme. Colleville, 
 much anguish [The Middle Classes, ee]. 
 
 Gondrin, of the department of I'lsere, born in 1774. He 
 was drafted in the great conscription of 1792 and incorporated 
 in the artillery; as a private soldier he took part in the cam- 
 paigns in Italy and Egypt under Bonaparte, returning from 
 the East at the peace of Amiens. Under the Empire he was 
 in the Bridge Guards regiment and traveled through Ger- 
 many and crossed Russia; he was engaged in the Beresina 
 affair in the construction of the bridge over which passed the 
 remnant of the French army ; with his forty-one comrades he 
 received the encouragements of his chief, General Eble, who 
 had particularly noticed him ; the only survivor of the Bridge 
 Guards to reenter Wilna, during the first Restoration and 
 after the death of Eble. Being neither able to read nor write, 
 deaf and infirm, Gondrin was wretched and left Paris, where 
 he had been inhospitably received, and returned to the Com- 
 
232 COMPENDIUM 
 
 mune of Dauphine, where Doctor Benassis was still engaged 
 in helping and supporting his people in 1829 [The Country 
 Doctor, C\ 
 
 Gondrin, Abbe, a young priest in Paris, about the middle 
 of Louis-Philippe's reign. Fashionable and eloquent he was 
 successively vicar of Saint- Jacques du Haut-Pas and of the 
 Madeleine; he resided at No. 8 Rue de la Madeleine* and 
 frequented the Thuilliers [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Gondureau, one of the names assumed by Bibi-Lupin 
 [Father Goriot, 6;^]. 
 
 Gonore, La, widow of the Jew Mdise, the head of the 
 ** Midday Rounders" ; in May, 1830, the mistress of Danne- 
 pont, called la Pouraille, the robber and assassin ; she then 
 kept for Mme. Nourrisson, at Paris, a house of ill-fame, on 
 the Rue Sainte Barbe.f Jacques Collin there treated most 
 remarkably the "largess of thieves" [Vautrin's Last Ava- 
 tar, ^\ 
 
 Gordes, Mademoiselle de, at the fete given in an aristo- 
 cratic salon at Alengon, about 181 6; at this time she still 
 lived with her father, the old Marquis de Gordes ; she re- 
 ceived the Chevalier de Valois, du Bousquier, etc. [The Old 
 Maid, aa\. 
 
 Gorenflot, a mason at Vendome, who with his sweet- 
 heart's aid walled up the entrance to the closet in which 
 Mme. Merret's lover, Bagos de Feredia, a Spaniard, was in- 
 closed [The Great Bretgche, ?]. 
 
 Gorenflot, possibly posing as Quasimodo in '' Notre 
 Dame," by Victor Hugo. A hunchback and infirm, deaf, 
 of Lilliputian size, he lived in Paris, about 1839, blowing the 
 organ at Saint-Louis' church and ringing the bells. Gorenflot 
 also served as the mysterious financial agent in the corre- 
 spondence between Jacques Bricheteau and Sallenauve-Dor- 
 lange [The Deputy for Arcis, JDIf]. 
 
 * Now the Rue Boissy-d* Anglas. 
 f The Rue Portalds at this time. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINM. 233 
 
 Goriot,* Jean- Joachim, born about 1750, was first simply 
 a porter in the Cornmarket, Paris. Under the first Revolu- 
 tion, although deprived of early education, but having the 
 spirit of a trader, he went into the grain and vermicelli trade 
 and did well. Economy and chance also favored Goriot, 
 who operated under the Terror. He passed for a ferocious 
 citizen and a good sort of a patriot. His prosperity enabled 
 him to contract a marriage of inclination with the only daughter 
 of a wealthy farmer of la Brie, who died young and whom he 
 still worshiped. The vermicelli dealer turned unto the chil- 
 dren who were the issue of this union (Anastasie and Delphine) 
 the tenderness of which their mother had been the recipient ] 
 he furnished a magnificent establishment for them. Goriot's 
 misfortunes dated from their conjugal installation in the heart 
 of the Chaussee-d'Antin. Aside from the recognition of his 
 money sacrifices, his sons-in-law, Restaud and Nucingen, and 
 his daughters also, were displeased with the exterior appear- 
 ance of the bourgeois. So from 1813 he lived retired, poor 
 and worn out, in Mme. Vauquer's {nee Conflans) boarding- 
 house, Rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevi^ve, Paris. The quarrels of 
 Mesdames Restaud and Nucingen and their avaricious pleadings 
 for money were constant and in 18 19 came to a crisis. Nearly 
 all the guests of the house, and the widow Vauquer herself, 
 spoke of his ambitious hopes, and all alike tormented and tried 
 to- annoy him. He was all but ruined. The old vermicelli 
 dealer found some agreeable respite when he concealed, on 
 the Rue d'Artois,| the adulterous love of Mme. de Nucingen 
 and Eugene de Rastignac, his friend at the Vauquer boarding- 
 
 * Two theatres in Paris and five dramatic authors have taken the story 
 of Jean-Joachim Goriot as a basis of plays: March 6, 1835, at the 
 Vaudeville, by Ancelot and Paul Duport; the month following, in the 
 same year, at the Varietes, Theaulon, Alexis de Comberousse, and Jaime, 
 senior. Finally the Boeuf-Gras, at one of its annual carnivals, gave it 
 under the name of " Goriot." 
 
 f Under the first Empire, Rue Cerutti, and, since the time of Louis- 
 Philippe, the Rue Lafiite. 
 
234 COMPENDIUM 
 
 house. The financial agonies of Mme. de Restaud, the prey 
 of Maxinae de Trailles, ended Jean-Joachim. Then he gave 
 up his last and most precious remainder of his silver and 
 implored the aid of Jean-Esther van Gobseck, on the Rue des 
 Gres; this scene entirely overcame Goriot, it brought on a 
 serious apoplexy. He was conveyed to his house on the Rue 
 Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve, where young de Rastignac watched 
 over him and called in Bianchon to treat him, but he died. 
 Only two men, Christophe, Mme. Vauquer's servant, and 
 Eugene de Rastignac, accompanied Goriot's remains to Saint- 
 Etienne church and Pere-Lachaise cemetery; the empty 
 carriages of his surviving family were sent to the cemetery 
 [Father Goriot, O]. 
 
 Goritza, Princesse, a charming Hungarian, famous for 
 her beauty, toward the end of Louis XV. *s reign, and who 
 was when young much attached to Chevalier de Valois, who 
 came to the point of combat about the illustrious foreigner 
 with M. de Lauzun ; he never spoke of her without deep emo- 
 tion. From 1816 to 1830 the aristocracy of Alen^on saw the 
 portrait of the princess which ornamented the gold box out 
 of which the chevalier took his snuff [The Old Maid, (i(]C\. 
 
 Gorju, Madame, the wife of the mayor of Sancerre, in 
 1836; the mother of a daughter ''whose figure threatened to 
 early become stout " ; she at times attended the soirees of the 
 *' Muse of the Department" along with her mother. One 
 evening in the fall of 1836, in the salon to which people still 
 gave the name of the Sapho of Saint-Satur, Mme. Gorju heard 
 the ironical reading of fragments of " Olympia, or Roman Re- 
 venge," by Etienne Lousteau [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Gothard ; born in 1788; lived, about 1803, in the arron- 
 dissement of Arcis-sur-Aube, where his address and courage 
 resulted in his becoming the little groom to Laurence de 
 Cinq-Cygne. A devoted servant of the countess, he was one 
 of the actors acquitted in the criminal trial which ended in 
 the capital execution of Michu [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
COMEDIE HVMAINE. 235 
 
 Gothard never left the Cinq-Cygne family. Thirty-six years 
 after he was the steward. With his brother-in-law, Poupard, 
 the Arcis innkeeper, Gothard served the electoral interests of 
 his masters [The Deputy for Arcis, JDX>]. 
 
 Gouges, Adolphe de, the name assumed by Henri de Mar- 
 say, in April, 1815, when he became Paquita Valdes' lover; 
 the pretended Adolphe de Gouges said he resided at No. 54 
 Rue de I'Universite [The Girl with Golden Eyes, ds, II.]. 
 
 Goujet, Abbe, cure of Cinq-Cygne, in the Aube, about 
 1792, discovered, under the Revolution, by the farmers Beau- 
 visage, who remained good Catholics, to baptize their son, 
 the Christian name given being Phileas, one of the very rare 
 cases of a saint's name not abolished by the new adminis- 
 tration [The Deputy for Arcis, J)_D]. The former abbot of 
 Minimes, he was Hauteserre's friend; he was also Adrien's 
 and Robert d' Hauteserre's tutor. Abbe Goujet played boston 
 with their parents, 1803. His prudent policy one time caused 
 him to blame the intrepid audacity of their relative. Mile, de 
 Cinq-Cygne. Nevertheless, he came out ahead of the perse- 
 cutor of that noble house, the police-spy Corentin ; and he 
 attended Michu, when that victim of the criminal trial called 
 *Uhe abduction of Gondreville " placed his head on the 
 block. Abbe Goujet became bishop of Troyes during the 
 Restoration [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Goujet, Mademoiselle, sister of the foregoing, an old 
 maid, good, gay, plain, and parsimonious, who lived with her 
 brother. Nearly every evening, 1803, at Cinq-Cygne, Aube, 
 she made one at boston with the d'Hauteserres ; she was fright- 
 ened when the police-spy Corentin paid his visit there, pre- 
 vious to the criminal trial which terminated in the tragic 
 death of Michu [A Historical Mystery, jf\ 
 
 Goulard, Mayor of Cinq-Cygne, Aube, in 1803. Fat, 
 big, and miserly ; he married a wealthy merchant of Troyes, 
 whose fortune augmented by his own enabled him to purchase 
 the lands of the rich abbey of Val-des-Preux, adjoining Cinq- 
 
S36 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Cygne commune. Goulard resided at that abbey, which 
 was very near the chateau of Cinq-Cygne ; in spite of his 
 revolutionary attachments he was hand-in-glove with his 
 neighbors, the MM. d'Hauteserres and de Simeuses, Royalist 
 conspirators [A. Historical Mystery, ff~\. 
 
 Goulard, Antonin, a child at Arcis, like Simon Giguet. 
 Born about 1807, the son of an old huntsman of the Simeuses, 
 enriched by the purchase of nationalized lands. (See the pre- 
 ceding biography.) Early orphaned of his mother, he went 
 with his father to live at Arcis, and abandoned the abbey of 
 Valpreux — Val-des-Preux. He was sent to the Lycee Imperial, 
 where he had as a companion Simon Giguet ; later he is 
 found on the right benches of the Ecole, at Paris. By the 
 favor of Gondreville he was decorated with the Legion of 
 Honor. The Royalists of 1830 opened to him an adminis- 
 trative career. In 1839 Goulard was the sub-prefect at Arcis- 
 sur-Aube, during the time of election proceedings. The 
 ministerial delegate, Maxirae de Trailles, satisfied the grudge 
 that Antonin bore against Simon Giguet : official instructions 
 caused this to be brought about; one of the aspirants for the 
 seat of deputy vainly sought the hand of Cecile Beauvisage. 
 Goulard was a frequent visitor of the officials — the colony* — 
 viz.: Frederic Marest, Olivier Vinet, Martener, and Francois 
 Michu [The Deputy for Arcis, T>jy\. 
 
 Gounod was a nephew of Vatel's, one of the Comte de 
 Montcornet's keepers at the Aigues. About 1823 he probably 
 became one of the regular servants of Michaud, who was 
 hunted by Fourchon, Rigou, Tonsard, Bonnebault, Soudry, 
 etc. [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Goupil, Jean-Sebastien-Marie, born in 1802; a kind of 
 hunchback without the hump; the son of a rich farmer. 
 After having dissipated his paternal inheritance at Paris, he 
 became head-clerk to Cremiere-Dionis, the notary of Nemours, 
 1829. On account of Francois Minoret-Levrault, he plagued 
 * A common term in the provinces. 
 
COM&DTE HUMAINE. 237 
 
 and tormented, in every possible manner, but under the veil 
 of anonymity, Ursule Mirouet, after the death of Dr. Minoret. 
 He afterward repented and, thanks to his intelligence, became 
 honorable, true, and completely transformed for the better. 
 Goupil, when once established, married Mile. Massin, eldest 
 daughter of Massin-Levrault junior, clerk to the justice of the 
 peace at Nemours ; she was ugly of person, but brought him 
 a dot of eighty thousand francs ; her children were rickety 
 and hydrocephalic. A soldier in the " three glorious days," 
 Jean-Sebastien-Marie Goupil obtained the decoration of July ; 
 he displayed the ribbon [Ursule Mirouet, JOT]. 
 
 Gouraud, Baron, a general; born in 1782, at Provins, 
 most likely. He commanded the 2d regiment of Hussars 
 under the Empire, when he was ennobled. He was not 
 appreciated in the Restoration, and passed years of poverty at 
 Provins. He became a politician in the ranks of the Opposi- 
 tion, and sought the hand, and especially the dowry, of 
 Sylvie Rogron ; he persecuted the presumed heiress of that old 
 maid. Mile. Pierrette Lorrain, 1827; seconded by Vinet the 
 barrister, he received, after July, 1830, the fruits of his wily 
 Liberalism. Gouraud, thanks to the favor of Maitre Vinet, 
 an ambitious parvenu, in spite of his gray hair, married a 
 young woman of twenty-five, Mile. Matifat, of the famous 
 druggists of the Rue des Lombards, Paris, who gave her fifty 
 thousand crowns in her wedding corbeille. Titles, practice, 
 and profits flowed in upon him. He reentered the service, 
 became governor of a department near the capital, and 
 obtained a peerage. His conduct under the minister Casi- 
 mier-Perier was well rewarded. More than all, he received 
 the ribbon of the Legion of Honor after forcing the Saint- 
 Merri barricades; he was delighted to "* rap the knuckles' 
 of the civilians who had bullied them for fifteen years" 
 [Pierrette, i]. About 1845 ^^ was a ** sleeping partner" in 
 the theatre managed by Felix Gaudissart [Cousin Pons, x]. 
 
 Gourdon, the eldest, the husband of the only daughter of 
 
238 COMPENDIUM 
 
 an old head-keeper of the waters and woods, Gendrin-Watte- 
 bled ; was, in 1823, a physician at Soulanges and attended the 
 Michauds. At that time he formed a portion of the " best 
 society" of Soulanges presided over by Mme. Soudry, who 
 looked upon him as a scientist of the highest class and could 
 not understand how he could have become the son-in-law of 
 Gendrin-Wattebled. He was a parrot of Buffon's and Cuvier's ; 
 simply a common taxidermist [The Peasantry, JS]. 
 
 Gourdon, the younger, brother of the foregoing; he wrote 
 the poem " La Bilboqueide," which was printed by Bournier. 
 He married the niece and only heiress of Abbe Taupin, cur6 
 of Soulanges, Burgundy, where he was, in 1823, Sarcus* clerk ; 
 he was richer than the justice of the peace. Mme. Soudry 
 and her society warmly welcomed the song of *'La Bilbo- 
 queide" and preferred him to Lamartine, whose works, in 
 fact, revealed a halting style [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Goussard, Laurent, was a member of the Revolutionary 
 municipality of Arcis-sur-Aube. A particular friend of Dan- 
 ton's, he used his influence in the tribune to save the head of 
 Marie-des-Anges, the mother-superior of the Ursulines of Arcis 
 in the vicinity of Arcis, who in these proceedings was shown 
 to be generous and helpful ; he became wealthy by acquiring 
 the holy house and lands ''sold by the nation." Forty years 
 later the wily Liberal owned a number of mills on the river- 
 front of the Aube and was still the head of the advanced Left 
 of the arrondissement. The different candidates for deputy 
 in the spring of 1839 — Charles Keller, Simon Giguet, Phileas 
 Beauvisage, Dorlange-Sallenauve, and the then official repre- 
 sentative, Maxime de Trailles — all sought Laurent Goussard's 
 favor; at the meeting in April over which Phileas Beauvisage 
 presided when Simon Giguet was heard, he was also flattered 
 [The Deputy for Arcis, I>jy\. 
 
 Grades held in his hands the acceptances of the dairyman 
 Vergniaud, the owner of a dairy at Paris, on the Rue du Petit- 
 Banquier j thanks to the money furnished by attorney Derville, 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE, 239 
 
 Grades was paid off- in 1818 by Colonel Chabert, a guest of 
 Vergniaud's [Colonel Chabert, %\. 
 
 Graff, JOHANN, the brother of a tailor established in Paris, 
 under Louis-Philippe ; he himself went there after having been 
 head-waiter to Geodeon Brunner, the innkeeper at Frankfort ; 
 in the Rue du Mail he kept the Hotel du Rhin, whence in 
 1835 Frederic Brunner and Wilhelm Schwab left for Paris with 
 empty pockets. The innkeeper procured little places for the 
 two young men : the first at the Kellers ; the second with his 
 brother, the tailor [Cousin Pons, dC\. 
 
 Graff, Wolfgang, brother of the innkeeper and a wealthy 
 tailor in the centre of Paris, in whose house, in 1838, Lisbeth 
 Fischer installed Wenceslas Steinbock. On Johann Graff's 
 recommendation he employed Wilhelm Schwab, and, six years 
 later, he entered his family by marrying Emilie Graff; at the 
 wedding festivities were present MM. Berthier, Frederic 
 Brunner, Schmucke, and Sylvain Pons [Cousin Betty, w — 
 Cousin Pons, x\. 
 
 Grancey, Abbe de, born in 1764. He entered holy 
 orders on account of despair in love ; became a priest in 1 786 
 and cure in 1788; a distinguished ecclesiastic, he thrice 
 refused to leave Besan^on to be consecrated bishop. He was 
 there in 1834, the vicar-general of the diocese. The abb6 
 had a fine, noble head ; he had a great flow of incisive words. 
 Grancey knew Albert Savarus and was his friend and protector. 
 He frequented the Wattevilles' salon and taught their daugh- 
 ter moral principles ; she, Rosalie, was a redoubtable enemy, 
 though in a singular manner, of the barrister. The vicar- 
 general also knew of the trouble between Mme. and Mile. 
 Watteville. Grancey died at the end of the winter of 1836-37 
 [Albert Savaron, /]. 
 
 Grancour, Abbe de, at the end of the Restoration, one 
 of the vicars-general of the bishop of Limoges and the physical 
 antithesis of the other vicar, the lean, grave Abbe Dutheil, 
 who, with prudent cowardice, secretly belonged to the high 
 
240 COMPENDIUM 
 
 and independent liberal doctrinaires. Grancourwas a regular 
 attendant of the Graslin salon and undoubtedly knew of the 
 Tascheron tragedy [The Country Parson, _^]. 
 
 Grandemain was, in 1822, at Paris, a clerk in the office 
 of Maitre Desroches, the attorney, in whose office Godeschal, 
 Marest, and Oscar Husson were also employed [A Start in 
 Life, s\ 
 
 Grandet, Fi:lix, of Saumur, born between 1745 and 1749. 
 A skillful master cooper, who in the early part of the Republic 
 married the daughter of a wealthy lumber merchant, who in 
 1796 bore him a child, Eugenie. With his own and wife's 
 amassed capital Felix Grandet bought at a bargain the finest 
 vineyards in the arrondissement of Saumur, beside an old 
 abbey and numerous lands. Under the Consulate he succes- 
 sively became a member of the administration of the district 
 and mayor of Saumur ; but the Empire, as a supposed Jacobin, 
 soon retired him from the last office, though he still remained 
 the most important personage in the town. Under the Res- 
 toration, his despotism and extraordinary avarice was the 
 source of much trouble to his family. His youngest brother, 
 Guillaume, killed himself after his bankruptcy and charged 
 Felix with the liquidation of his affairs, confiding to his care 
 his son, Charles, who was unaware of the paternal disaster. 
 Eugenie loved her cousin and fought against the parsimony 
 of her father, who turned to his own advantage the discomfiture 
 of his brother. The struggle between Eugenie and her father 
 troubled Mme. Felix Grandet. Numerous, terrible, and vio- 
 lent phases happened during that duel. Felix Grandet's 
 passion armed itself with cunning and a powerful will. Death 
 alone was able to stop his domestic tyranny. A paralysis 
 carried him off in 1827; he was an octogenarian and a 
 seventeen times millionaire [Eugenie Grandet, _E7]. 
 
 Grandet, Madame Felix, wife of the foregoing, born 
 about 1770, the daughter of a wealthy lumber merchant, M. 
 de la Gaudiniere ; she married in the early part of the Repub- 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE 241 
 
 lie and brought an only daughter, Eugenie, into the world, 
 in 1796. She brought much increase of wealth to the matri- 
 monial union by means of two or three important legacies 
 through her mother and also that of M. de la Bertelli^re, her 
 maternal grandfather. She was a pious woman, shrinking 
 and insignificant, and bent under the domestic yoke. Mme. 
 Grandet never left Saumur, where she died, in October, 1822, 
 of consumption, aggravated by the grief caused her by the 
 constant friction between her daughter and husband [Eugenie 
 Grandet, 'E\ 
 
 Grandet, Victor-Ange-Guillaume, youngest brother of 
 Felix Grandet, was in Paris, in the wine trade, and there 
 grew stout and wealthy. In 1815, before the battle of Water- 
 loo, Frederic de Nucingen bought of him one hundred and 
 fifty thousand bottles of champagne at thirty sous a bottle, 
 and sold it to the allied troops at six francs per bottle, during 
 the foreign occupation, 1817-1819 [The Firm of Nucingen, Q. 
 The commencement of the Restoration saw Guillaume Grandet 
 the husband of the charming natural daughter of a great lord, 
 who died while she was yet young ; she made him a father. A 
 colonel in the National Guard, judge of the Court of Com- 
 merce, he administered one of the arrondissements of Paris 
 and became a deputy. The town of Saumur accused him of 
 wishing to become the father-in-law of a duchess of the Em- 
 pire. Maitre Roguin's bankruptcy was the chief reason of 
 Guillaume's ruin ; it turned his brain, and he took his life, 
 November, 1819. His last wishes were that his elder brother 
 Felix should care for the doubly orphaned Charles [Eugenie 
 Grandet, JEJ]. 
 
 Grandet, Charles, the only legitimate child of Victor- 
 Ange-Guillaume Grandet, of Paris, and the charming natural 
 daughter of a great lord ; the nephew of Felix Grandet, Sau- 
 mur; born in 1797. He lived the worldly life of opulent 
 youth, and was intimate with a certain Annette, a married 
 woman of good appearance. The tragic death of his father, 
 16 
 
242 COMPENDIUM 
 
 November, 1819, surprised him after his arrival at Saumur. 
 He believed he loved his cousin Eugenie, to whom he swore 
 to be faithful. Charles Grandet, following this, sailed to the 
 Indies under the pseudonym of Carl Sepherd, in order to 
 mask his disloyal act ; he returned to France, 1827, immensely 
 rich, landing at Bordeaux in June, 1827, accompanied by 
 Aubrion, whose daughter, Mathilde, he married, leaving 
 Eugenie Grandet, who had disinterestedly settled with his 
 father's creditors [Eugenie Grandet, ^]. Charles Grandet, 
 by this marriage, became Comte d'Aubrion [The Firm of 
 Nucingen, f\. 
 
 Grandet, Eugenie.* See Bonfons, Eugenie Cruchot de. 
 
 Grandlieu, Comtesse de, at the commencement of the 
 seventeenth century allied to the Herouvilles ; this was prob- 
 ably the original stock of the Grandlieus, who were famous in 
 France for more than two centuries [The Hated Son, z\. 
 
 Grandlieu, Due Ferdinand de; born about 1773 ; a de- 
 scendant of the Comtesse de Grandlieu, at the beginning of 
 the seventeenth century, and brought up, as a consequence, 
 in the old, noble, and good family of the Duchy of Brittany, 
 whose device was: Caveo 71011 timeo. At the end of the 
 eighteenth century or the early part and middle of the nine- 
 teenth century, Ferdinand de Grandlieu was the head of the 
 eldest branch, wealthy and ducal, of the house of Grandlieu. 
 Under the Consulate and the Empire, the high position which 
 he preserved allowed him to bring Talleyrand to favor the 
 d'Hauteserres and de Simeuses, who had been compromised 
 by their imagined abduction of Malin de Gondreville. Ferdi- 
 nand de Grandlieu, by his marriage with an Ajuda of the 
 eldest branch, became allied to the Bragances, of Portuguese 
 origin ; they had many daughters, the eldest of whom took the 
 veil in 1822. His other daughters were Clotilde-Frederique, 
 
 * The incidents in her life have been taken as the groundwork of a play 
 by Bayard, presented at the Gymnase-Dramatique under the title of " La 
 Fille de I'avare," or, " The Miser's Daughter." 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 2d3 
 
 born in 1802; Josephine, the third; Sabine,' born in 1809; 
 Marie-AthenaVs, born about 1820. He was uncle by marriage 
 of Mme. de Langeais ; he owned a mansion in the faubourg 
 Saint-Germain, Paris, where, in the reign of Louis XVIII. , 
 the Princesse de Blamont-Chauvry, the Vidame de Pamiers, 
 and the Due de Navarreins met in a family council to judge 
 the escapades of Antoinette de Langeais. At least ten years 
 later, Grandlieu was served by his intimate friend, Henri de 
 Chaulieu, who sent for Corentin (Saint-Denis), in order to 
 put an end to the career of Lucien de Rubempre, who had 
 compromised his daughter Clotilde-Frederique [A Historical 
 Mystery, j(f— The Thirteen, JBJ5— A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, eJ— Modeste Mignon,^ — The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z\ 
 
 Grandlieu, Mademoiselle de, under the first Empire, 
 married an Imperial chamberlain ; he was probable also pre- 
 fect of the Orne, and he alone of those of Alengon was 
 received by the exclusive members of the aristocracy that 
 were under the head of the Esgrignons [The Collection of 
 Antiquities, aa\. 
 
 Grandlieu, Duchesse Ferdinand de, of Portuguese origin, 
 nee Ajuda of the eldest branch of that house which was allied 
 to the Bragances ; wife of the Due Ferdinand de Grandlieu, 
 the mother of numerous daughters, the eldest of whom took 
 the veil in 1822. She was sedentary, proud, religious,* good, 
 and beautiful ; during the Restoration she exercised a kind of 
 supremacy, through her salon, in the faubourg Saint-Germain, 
 Paris. Her second and last but one daughter caused her 
 much anxiety. Against the hostility of her surroundings 
 she welcomed Rubempre, the lover of her daughter Clotilde- 
 Frederique, 1829-30. Then followed the unhappiness of 
 another married daughter, Sabine, the Baronne Calyste du 
 Guenic, which occurred in 1837; Mme. de Grandlieu recon- 
 ciled that young household with the aid of Abbe Brossette, 
 
 * Her parish church was Sainte-Val^re, the chapel of which was used 
 during the building of Sainte-Clotilde Church. 
 
244 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Maxima de Trailles, and Charles-Edouard Rusticoli de la 
 Pal ferine. A religious scruple arrested her for the moment 
 in doing this. Some years after the advent of the new regime 
 she, the same as had done Mesdames d'Espard, de Listomere, 
 and des Touches, reopened the doors of her salon [The Har- 
 lot's Progress, T"— Beatrix, jP — k Daughter of Eve, V\ 
 
 Grandlieu, Mademoiselle de, eldest daughter of the 
 Due and Duchesse de Grandlieu, took the veil in 1822 [A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, J — The Harlot's Progress, 'Y\ 
 
 Grandlieu, Clotilde-Frederique de, born in 1802, the 
 second daughter of the Due and Duchesse Ferdinand de 
 Grandlieu ; long and thin, and the living caricature of her 
 mother. She found no maternal opposition when she loved 
 and would have married, in the spring of 1830, the ambitious 
 Lucien de Rubempre. She is seen, for the last time, on the 
 way to Italy, in the forest of Fontainebleau, near Bouron, 
 under painful circumstances — the young man being arrested 
 before her eyes. Madeleine de Lenoncourt accompanied 
 Mile, de Grandlieu [The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z]. 
 
 Grandlieu, Josephine de. See Ajuda-Pinto, Marquise 
 Miguel d'. 
 
 Grandlieu, Sabine de. See Guenic, Baronne Calyste du. 
 
 Grandlieu, Marie-Athe^nai's de. See Grandlieu, Vi- 
 comtesse Juste de. 
 
 Grandlieu, Vicomtesse de, sister of Comte de Born, more 
 directly than the duke, a descendant of the Comtesse de Grand- 
 lieu of the seventeenth century ; the head of the family since 
 1813, the time of the death of her husband, of the young house 
 of the Grandlieus, of which ** Great deeds, in great needs," 
 was the motto. The mother of Camille and Juste de Grand- 
 lieu ; mother-in-law of Ernest de Restaud, under Louis 
 XVHI. She one time lived on the royal bounty, but after- 
 ward had a great portion of her estates restored, through the 
 aid of Maitre Derville, at the commencement of the Restora- 
 tion. Vicomtesse de Grandlieu always recognized the attor- 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE, 245 
 
 ney, he was familiar with her ; one evening, in the winter of 
 1830, he recounted the secrets of the Restaud household, at 
 the time when Ernest Restaud, son of the Comtesse Anastasie, 
 sought Camille, and whom he afterward married [The Har- 
 lot's Progress, T^— Colonel Chabert, i — Gobseck, g\. 
 
 Grandlieu, Camille de. See Restaud, Comtesse Ernest 
 de. 
 
 Grandlieu, Vicomte Juste de, son of Vicomtesse de 
 Grandlieu, brother of Comtesse Ernest de Restaud, also the 
 cousin and afterward husband of Marie-Athenais de Grand- 
 lieu; by this alliance they united the fortunes of the two 
 houses of the Grandlieus and obtained the ducal title [The 
 Harlot's Progress, Y, Z— Gobseck, g\ 
 
 Grandlieu, Vicomtesse Juste de, born about 1820 
 (Marie-Athenais de Grandlieu), married to her cousin, Vicomte 
 Juste de Grandlieu. In the first years of the government of 
 July she received, in Paris, a young bride like unto herself, 
 Mme. Felix de Vandenesse, then coquetting with Raoul Nathan 
 [The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z — Gobseck, g — A Daughter of 
 Eve, F]. 
 
 Granet, in 181 8, deputy-mayor of the eleventh arrondis- 
 sement of Paris, was, with the mayor, Athanase Flamet de la 
 Billardiere, and his very ugly wife, invited to the famous ball 
 given by his municipal colleague, Cesar Birotteau, Sunday, 
 December 17, of the same year [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Granet, an influential man at Besan^on, under Louis- 
 Philippe. Knowing of a service rendered by Albert Savarus, 
 he proposed as a candidate for deputy that victim of Rosalie 
 de Watteville [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Granson, Madame, the poor widow of a lieutenant-colonel 
 of artillery, killed at Jena, and who had one son, Athanase. 
 From 1816 she had resided at No. 8 Rue du Bercail,* Alen- 
 9on, where the benevolence of a distant relative, Mme. du 
 
 * This street has always borne this name ; it is situated opposite the 
 church of Notre-Dame and is an extension of the Rue du Cygne. 
 
246 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Bousquier, confided to her the treasury of a local ** maternal 
 society," inaugurated to put a stop to infanticide, and which 
 brought her into intimate relations with the woman who be- 
 came Mme. Theodore Gaillard [The Old Maid, aa\ 
 
 Granson, Athanase, son of the preceding, born in 1793; 
 a petty employe in tlie mayor's office at Alengon in the civil 
 department ; a kind of poet, a Liberal, but kept back from his 
 legitimate ambition ; in his poverty he was full of grandiose 
 conceptions. From before 1816 he had loved with the full 
 force of his passion, in despite of his senses and advantages, 
 Mme. du Bousquier, then Mile. Cormon, and had loved her 
 for more than seventeen years. In 18 16, as soon as her mar- 
 riage was heard of being about to take place, he committed 
 suicide by drowning in the Sarthe. He was regretted by only 
 his mother and Suzanne du Val-Noble [The Old Maid, a(l\, 
 who more than eight years later said of him : " The Athanase 
 Gransons who go to death are extinguished like seed that falls 
 on a bare rock " [Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Granville, Comte de, had a defective civil status; the 
 orthography of the name is frequently varied by the adding of 
 the letter d between the n and v. In 1805, then of age, he 
 lived at Bayeux, where perhaps he had been born ; his father 
 was a former president of the Norman parlement. At Bayeux 
 the comte married his son to the rich Angelique Bontems [A 
 Second Home, ;§;]. 
 
 Granville, Vicomte de, son of Comte de Granville and 
 comte on the death of his father, born about 1779, and a 
 judge by family tradition. Favored by Cambaceres, he passed 
 every administrative and judicial grade. He studied under 
 the tuition of Maitre Bordin ; he plead Michu's cause in the 
 historical mystery connected with the abduction of Senator 
 Malin, and knew officially and of his own knowledge the end 
 thereof; shortly after his marriage to a young woman of 
 Bayeux, who was the wealthy heiress of one who became rich 
 through acquiring nationalized lands. Paris was nearly always 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 247 
 
 the scene of the brilliant career of Maitre Granville, who, 
 under the Empire, left the Quai Augustins, where he then 
 lived, to take possession of a mansion in the Marais, between 
 the Rues Vieille-du-Temple and Neuve-Saint-Fran^ois.* He 
 successively became attorney-general in the court of the Seine 
 and president of one of the chambers of the court. During 
 this time Granville's life was crossed by the following domestic 
 drama : Wounded in his large and open ideas by the bigotry 
 of Mme. de Granville he sought outside the joys of home, 
 although he had already four children by his marriage. He 
 met Caroline Crochard, of the Rue du Tourniquet-Saint- 
 Jean ; he installed her on the Rue Taitbout, and there found 
 the comfort and simple delights which he had vainly hoped for 
 in his legitimate household. Granville took the pseudonym 
 of Roger during this time. One daughter and one son, 
 Eugenie and Charles, were the result of this adulterous union, 
 which was broken by the desertion of Mile. Crochard. 
 Previous to the death of Mme. Crochard, Caroline's mother, 
 Granville had been careful to save appearances before the 
 Comtesse Angelique ; so she accompanied him to the cam- 
 paign in Seine-et-Oise when he went to the succor of MM. 
 d'Albon and Sucy. The remainder of Granville's life, de- 
 serted by wife and mistress, was solitary and only had the 
 friendship of Octave de Bauvan and Serizy. His work and 
 honor afforded him consolation in part. When he was req- 
 uisitioned by the attorney-general to rehabilitate Cesar Birot- 
 teau, he was a tenant at 397 Rue Saint-Honore, in which the 
 famous ball had been held, at which he and Angelique had 
 been guests some three years previously. Procureur-general 
 of the Court of Cassation, Granville secretly protected Lucien 
 de Rubempre in the famous criminal process against that poet 
 and drew to himself the affection and intimacy, both equally 
 powerful, of Jacques Collin and Amelie Camusot; a peer of 
 
 * Rue Neuve-Saint-Frangois more than twenty years ago became the 
 Rue Debelleyme. 
 
248 COMPENDIUM 
 
 France of the new regime, the Revolution of July, he then 
 dwelt in a small mansion on the Rue Saint-Lazare, where he 
 lived since his return from Italy. At this epoch he was one 
 of Dr. Bianchon's clients [A Historical Mystery, ff — A 
 Second Home, z — Farewell, e — Cesar Birotteau, O — The 
 Harlot's Progress, T^ Z — A Daughter of Eve, F — Cousin 
 Pons, x]. 
 
 Granville, Comtesse Angelique de, wife of the pre- 
 ceding, and daughter of the farmer Bontems, a kind of 
 Jacobin, who became wealthy by the Revolution, through 
 the purchase and sale of the lands of emigrants. She was born 
 at Bayeux, and was educated by her mother into religious 
 bigotry. At the beginning of the Empire she married the 
 son of one of the neighbors of the family, then the Vicomte, 
 and afterward Comte de Granville, and, through the influence 
 of Abbe Fontanon, she preserved in Paris the style and man- 
 ners of the extremely devout. Angelique de Granville pro- 
 voked the infidelity of her husband, who simply abandoned 
 her, she taking the charge of their two daughters, while he 
 cared for their two sons. She completely separated the 
 daughters from their father, when she discovered that she 
 had a rival, Mile, de Bellefeuille (Caroline Crochard), and 
 ended by returning to Bayeux, where she constantly practiced 
 the greatest austerities ; she had been scandalized one time by 
 hearing of the love of Montriveau and Mrae. de Langeais. 
 She died in 1822 [A Second Home, ^ — The Duchesse of 
 Langeais, hb — A Daughter of Eve, F]. 
 
 Granville, Vicomte de, eldest son of the two preceding. 
 He was brought up by his father. He was, in 1828, a substi- 
 tute judge at Limoges, where he became attorney-general and 
 a friend of Veronique Graslin, of whom he knew of her secret 
 disgrace by his acts against the assassin, J. F. Tascheron. 
 Vicomte de Granville had a similar career to that of the 
 count. In 1833 he was appointed first president at Orleans, 
 and in 1844 attorney-general. Soon after, in the same town 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 249 
 
 of Limoges, he was astonished at a spectacle which deeply 
 moved him : the public confession of Veronique Graslin. 
 Vicomte de Granville was the unconscious executioner of the 
 lady of the manor of Montegnac [A Second Home, » — A 
 Daughter of Eve, F— The Country Parson, F\ 
 
 Granville, Baron Eugene de, younger brother of the 
 preceding; public prosecutor in Paris, May, 1830, and still 
 exercising the same functions three years later, when he in- 
 formed his father, Comte de Granville, of the arrest of a thief 
 named Charles Crochard, who was his natural brother [The 
 Harlot's Progress, Y — A Second Home, z\. 
 
 Granville, Marie-Angelique de. See Vandenesse, Com- 
 tesse Felix de. 
 
 Granville, Marie-Eugenie de. See Tillet, Madame Fer- 
 dinand du. 
 
 Graslin, Pierre; born in 1775; ^" Auvergnat, the com- 
 patriot and friend of Sauviat, whose daughter, Veronique, he 
 married in 1822. He commenced as a simple clerk in the 
 great banking house of Grossetgte & Perret, in the same town. 
 A business man, capable, and an earnest worker, he succeeded 
 his employers. Pierre Graslin's fortune was augmented by 
 following up a series of lucky speculations on the Bourse, 
 made with Brezac ; this allowed of him acquiring one of the 
 finest mansions of the chief place in the Haute-Vienne. Pierre 
 Graslin never possessed his wife's heart. His ungraceful phys- 
 ical appearance, the result of neglect and laborious miser- 
 liness, was complicated with a domestic despotism which 
 speedily revealed themselves. He was merely the legal father 
 of a son named Francis, but was ignorant of this ; for a jury 
 of the Court of Assize, drawn to decide that J. F. Tascheron 
 was the real father of the child, brought in the acquittal of the 
 accused. Two years after the birth of that bastard, in April, 
 1833, Pierre Graslin died of exhaustion and mortification: 
 the Revolution of July suddenly startled him, and placed his 
 pecuniary interests at stake. Graslin had made an actual 
 
250 COMPENDIUM 
 
 purchase of Montegnac from the Navarreins [The Country 
 Parson, F\ 
 
 Graslin, Madame Pierre, nee Veronique Sauviat, wife 
 of the foregoing, May, 1802, at Limoges; she was beautiful 
 in spite of a slight trace of smallpox ; in infancy gay, full of 
 simple fun, and an only child. At twenty she married Pierre 
 Graslin. Soon after her marriage her innocent, fresh nature, 
 romantic and intellectual, suffered secretly by the tyranny of 
 him whose name she had taken. Veronique was not stirred 
 by the gallants who frequented her salon, although much 
 cared for by one of them, Vicomte de Granville. She was, 
 and lived, the secret mistress of J. F. Tascheron, a worker in 
 a porcelain factory ; she had committed herself with him when 
 she found out the crime done by her lover. Mme. Graslin 
 now endured frightful tortures ; she was brought to bed of the 
 child of the guillotined at the precise moment that its father 
 was executed; she condemned herself to frightful austerities 
 and the most implacable mortifications of her flesh. After 
 receiving the liberty of widowhood she left Limoges for Mon- 
 tegnac, where she gave an illustration of practical charity by 
 great creations and the founding of new works. Mme. Gras- 
 lin had successively as collaborators : F. Grossetete, Bonnet, 
 Grancour, Dutheil, Gregoire Gerard, M. Champion, Rou- 
 baud, Clousier, Aline, Ruffin, Colorat, Mme. Sauviat, and 
 Farrabesche. The return of her lover's sister proved her last 
 stroke. She managed to compel herself to prepare for the 
 marriage of Denise Tascheron to Gregoire Gerard, to whom 
 she confided her son, and died during the summer of 1844, 
 after having made a public confession in the presence of 
 Bianchon, Granville, Duthiel, Mnie. Sauviat, and Bonnet, 
 the latter of whom knew of this and attended her [The Coun- 
 try Parson, F\ 
 
 Graslin, Francis, born at Limoges, in August, 1829. 
 The only child of Veronique Graslin, the legitimate son of 
 Pierre Graslin, but the natural offspring of J. F. Tascheron ; 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 251 
 
 he lost his legal father two years after he came into the world, 
 and his mother thirteen years later. His tutor, M. Ruffin, 
 his maternal grandmother, Mme. Sauviat, as well as the Gre- 
 goire Gerards, formed his circle of acquaintance during his 
 adolescence, which was passed at Mont^gnac [The Country 
 Parson, F\ 
 
 Grasset, the commercial police officer who succeeded 
 Louchard. On the suit of Lisbeth Fischer and by the advice 
 of Rivet, he arrested W. Steinbock in 1838, at Paris, and 
 took him to Clichy prison* [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Grassins, Des, an old quartermaster of the Guard, griev- 
 ously wounded at Austerlitz ; a pensioner and decorated. He 
 became, under Louis XVIH., the richest banker in Saumur, 
 which he left to go to Paris, where he arranged the unfor- 
 tunate business of the suicide Guillaume Grandet ; and where 
 he was at length elected deputy. Although the father of a 
 family he loved Florine (Mme. Raoul Nathan), to the detri- 
 ment of his family, a pretty actress at the Madame theatre f 
 [Eugenie Grandet, JEJ]. 
 
 Grassins, Madame des, born about 1780, wife of the 
 foregoing, whom she twice made a father ; she passed nearly 
 her whole life at Saumur. Her husband's position and some 
 physical advantages she had well preserved allowed her to 
 shine with a certain lustre in society. With the Cruchots she 
 frequented the Felix Grandets, and was like one of the family 
 at President de Bonfons' house; she dreamed of Eugenie 
 Grandet as her son Adolphe's wife. The Parisian dissipa- 
 tion of her husband and the Cruchots' conspiracy effectually 
 squelched Mme. des Grassins' plans ; this so vexed her that 
 she treated her daughter cruelly. Nevertheless she had a 
 separate fortune and was happy in her position ; alone she 
 
 *This famous old house of detention — or debtors' prison — was still 
 in existence twenty years afterward ; the Rue Nouvelle now occupies its 
 former site. 
 
 f Renamed the Gymnase-Dramatique, July 29, 1830. 
 
252 COMPENDIUM 
 
 continued the banking business at Saumur [Eugenie Gran- 
 det, JE7]. 
 
 Grassins, Adolphe des, born in 1797, son of M. and 
 Mme. des Grassins ; he passed much of his time at Paris, and 
 while there frequented the Nucingens, at whose house he met 
 Charles Grandet. He returned to Saumur in 1819 and vainly 
 courted the rich Eugenie Grandet. Adolphe des Grassins 
 afterward took the road to Paris and rejoined his father, imi- 
 tating him in all his follies [Eugdnie Grandet, 'E\ 
 
 Grassou, Pierre, born at Fougdres, Brittany, 1795; the 
 son of a Vendean peasant and fighting Royalist. Going to 
 Paris while still young, he was at first clerk to a color mer- 
 chant, a distant relative of his from Mayenne. He mistakenly 
 took up a painter's vocation. His Breton obstinacy made 
 him successively a frequenter of the ateliers of Servin, 
 Schinner, and Sommervieux. He afterward studied, though 
 without result, the works of Granet and Drolling;* he then 
 completed his artistic education at Duval-Lecamus' study. 
 Pierre Grassou did not in the least profit by the lessons of 
 these masters, and his intimacy with Leon de Lora and Joseph 
 Bridau was equally of none effect from an artistic point. He 
 knew how to admire and comprehend, but he lacked the 
 faculty to create and the science of execution. Thus Grassou 
 was most often called Fougeres by his comrades, but by them 
 he gained admission to the Salon of 1829, with his "Toilette 
 d'un Chouan condamn^ a mort," a picture of the greatest 
 mediocrity, a plain imitation of G6rard Dow. This work 
 brought him, through Charles X., the cross of the Legion of 
 Honor. At length his canvases brought in money. Elie 
 Magus gave him orders for a subject in the Flemish style, 
 which he sold to Vervelle as a Dow or a Tenier. Grassou 
 then lived at No. 2 Rue de Navarin ; he became the son-in- 
 law of the same Vervelle. In fact, the painter was a client of 
 Maitre Cardot, the notary, and married Virginie Vervelle in 
 * Perhaps also those of Decamps. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 253 
 
 the year 1832. She was the heiress of a wholesale butcher, 
 who gave her a dowry of one hundred thousand francs, beside 
 a house in the city and another one in the country. His 
 stubborn mediocrity opened the doors of the Academy to 
 Grassou ; he was promoted an officer in the Legion of Honor 
 in 1839, and then became major in the National Guard, after 
 the trouble of May 12th. Worshiped by the bourgeois, Gras- 
 sou was their recognized artist. He delineated all the mem- 
 bers of the Crevel and Thuillier families, beside the director 
 of the theatre who preceded Gaudissart ; and so many other 
 crdufes (indifferent paintings), frightful or ridiculous, that 
 they were heard of even in the humble home of the Topinards 
 [Pierre Grassou, r — A Bachelor's Establishment, e7— Cousin 
 Betty, w — The Middle Classes, ee — Cousin Pons, a?]. 
 
 Grassou, Madame Pierre, 7iee Virginie Vervelle ; rosy 
 and plain ; the only heiress of the wealthy wholesale butcher 
 who resided on the Rue Boucherat,* and wife of the preced- 
 ing, whom she married at Paris in 1832. She became known 
 to him the same year, when he painted her portrait before his 
 marriage, and did it so vilely that during the sitting it was 
 powerfully retouched by Joseph Bridau [Pierre Grassou, 7*]. 
 
 Gravelot Brothers, lumber merchants, Paris, who 
 bought, in 1823, the wood from the Aigues, Comte de 
 Montcornet's estate [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Gravier, general paymaster of the army under the first 
 Empire; afterward mixed up with certain generals of the staff 
 in some great Spanish interests. On the return of the Bour- 
 bons, he bought outright for twenty thousand francs, from de 
 la Baudraye, the position as collector of taxes at Sancerre, 
 which he still occupied about 1836. Like the Abb6 Duret ; 
 Chargebceuf, the sub-prefect ; and Clagny, the public prose- 
 cutor, he frequented Mme. Dinah de la Baudraye's salons. 
 
 * The Rue Boucherat does not exist under this name ; it was a portion 
 of the Rue Turenne — at another time the Rue Saint-Louis — which ran 
 from the Rue Vieille-du-Temple to Rue Chariot. 
 
254 COMPENDIUM 
 
 He was a small, squat, stout man. In spite of what he heard 
 at the court of her multiple relations with others, the old 
 bachelor paid his court to the baroness [Muse of the Depart- 
 ment, €C\ 
 
 Gravier, of Grenoble, married, and the father of a family; 
 father-in-law of a notary ; head of a division in the prefecture 
 of risere in 1829. He knew Genestas and recommended to 
 him the aid of Dr. Benassis, mayor of the commune of which 
 he was the benefactor, for Adrien Genestas-Renard [The 
 Country Doctor, O]- 
 
 Grenier, called Fleur-de-Gen6t ; a deserter from the 69th 
 demi-brigade ; a Chauffeur, executed in 1809 for complicity 
 in that affair [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Grenouville, about 1840, was the proprietor of a large 
 and magnificent novelty warehouse and store on the Boule- 
 vard des Italiens, Paris ; a customer of the Bijous, em- 
 broiderers, also of Paris ; he was at that time the lover of 
 Mile. Olympe Bijou, former mistress of Baron Hulot and 
 of Idamore Chard in; he married her and kept her parents 
 [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Grenouville, Madame, nee Olympe Bijou, wife of the pre- 
 ceding, about 1824. In the middle of Louis-Philippe's reign 
 she lived near the Courtille, Rue Saint-Maur-du-Temple, 
 Paris; she was a pretty but poor working-girl, an embroiderer, 
 surrounded by a wretched and numerous family, when Josepha 
 Mirah procured her for Baron Hulot, together with a trade 
 store. Having deserted Hulot for Idamore Chardin, who in 
 turn abandoned her, Olympe was married by Grenouville and 
 became a noted storekeeper [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Grenville, Arthur Ormond, Lord, a wealthy English- 
 man ; he was convalescent at Montpellier of a lung complaint 
 when the rupture of the peace of Amiens happened and he 
 was confined in the town of Tours. About 1814 he was 
 smitten by the Marquise Victor d'Aiglemont ; he became her 
 improvised medical attendant, and her malady succumbed 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 255 
 
 under his care. Lord Grenville afterward called upon Mme. 
 d'Aiglemont in Paris, and, in order to save her honor, gave 
 up his life, through injuring his hands and fingers between 
 the door and jamb of a closet, 1823 [A Woman of 
 Thirty, S\ 
 
 Grevin, of Arcis, Aube, made the same start in life, and 
 at the same time, as his compatriot and intimate friend, Malin 
 de Gondreville. In 1787 he was Maitre Bordin's second 
 clerk, returning to the country at the time of the Revolution. 
 He was successively protected by Danton, Napoleon Bona- 
 parte, and Malin. Thanks to this he became an oracle of 
 the Liberal party ; he married Mme. Varlet, the only daugh- 
 ter of a rich doctor of that town ; he bought a notarial prac- 
 tice and became wealthy. A well-advised man, Grevin often 
 advised Gondreville, who was the victim of a fictitious and 
 mysterious sequestration, 1803, and of unknown origin for 
 many years after. By his union with Mile. Varlet, who died 
 while quite young, he had one daughter — Mme. Phileas Beau- 
 visage. During his old age he was principally engaged in 
 preparing a brilliant future for their children, as he told in 
 the electoral campaign of May, 1839. He had purchased the 
 superb Hotel Beauseant at Paris, in the faubourg Saint-Ger- 
 main [A Start in Life, s — A Historical Mystery, ^jf— The 
 Deputy for Arcis, I}J}\ 
 
 Grevin, Madame, wife of the preceding, nee Varlet, 
 daughter of the leading physician of Arcis-sur-Aube ; the 
 sister of another Varlet, a doctor in the same locality ; the 
 mother of Mme, Severine Phileas Beauvisage. She was with 
 Mme. Marion, in Arcis arrondissement, at the beginning of 
 the nineteenth century, more or less mixed up in the compli- 
 cations of the abduction of Malin de Gondreville. She died 
 young [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Grevin, a corsair, who was of service to Admiral de Simeuse 
 in the Indies; in 1816 he lived, paralytic and deaf, with his 
 granddaughter, Mme. Lardot, a laundress, of Alen9on ; she 
 
256 COMPENDIUM 
 
 employed Cesarine and Suzanne — who became Mme. Theodore 
 Gaillard — and had among her customers the Chevalier de 
 Valois [The Old Maid, aa\. 
 
 Gribeaucourt, Mademoiselle de, an old maid of Sau- 
 mur, under the Restoration; a friend of the Cruchots [Eugenie 
 Grandet, JE7]. 
 
 Griffith, Miss, born in 1787; a Scotchwoman, the daugh- 
 ter of a poor minister ; was governess to Armande-Marie- 
 Louise de Chaulieu, to whom she gave her love, thanks to 
 her benevolence and intelligence; under the Restoration 
 [Letters of Two Brides, v\. 
 
 Grignault, Sophie. See Nathan, Madame Raoul. 
 
 Grimbert kept, in the Charente, the office of the Messa- 
 geries Royal to RufFec, in 1819. He received from Miles. 
 Laure and Agathe de Rastignac a rather important sum of 
 money for transmission to their brother, Eugene de Rastignac, 
 Mme. Vauquer's, Rue Neuve-Saint-Genevidve, Paris, who was 
 living there, a poor student [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Grimont, born about 1786, a priest not without merit; 
 cure of Guerande, Brittany. In 1836 he was an assiduous 
 visitor at the Guenics ; he used his influence to the conquest 
 of Felicite des Touches, whom he determined to get to enter 
 one of the orders. The conversion of Mile, des Touches was 
 the cause of his appointment as vicar-general of the diocese 
 of Nantes [Beatrix, J*]. 
 
 Grimprel, a doctor in the Pantheon quarter, Paris, under 
 Louis XVIIL; he had among his patients Mme. Vauquer, nee 
 Conflans, who sent for him to attend Vautrin, who suffered 
 from a narcotic perfidiously administered by Mile. Michon- 
 neau [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Grindot, a French architect in the first half of the nine- 
 teenth century; he won the prize of Rome in 1814. His 
 talent was quickly welcomed by the Parisian middle-classes. 
 Toward the end of 1818 Cesar Birotteau confided to him the 
 alteration and adornment of his suite of rooms on the Rue 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 257 
 
 Saint-Honore, and he received an invitation to that famous 
 ball. Matifat, about 1821 or 1822, commissioned the same 
 architect to embellish the apartments of Mme. Raoul Nathan. 
 He was also engaged by Comte de Serizy, 1822, to restore 
 his castle of Presles,* near Beaumont-sur-Oise. About 1829, 
 on the Rue Saint-Georges, Grindot embellished a small man- 
 sion in which were successively installed Suzanne Gaillard 
 and Esther van Gobseck. Under Louis-Philippe, Arthur de 
 Rochefide and M.and Mme. Fabien du Ronceret confided work 
 to him. His decline commenced in the same reign. He was 
 not in vogue later than the government of July. By Chaffa- 
 roux's instructions, he withdrew twenty-five thousand francs 
 of the cost for the decoration of the four drawing-rooms in the 
 Thuillier building. Finally, Crevel, an imitative man of rou- 
 tine, monopolized him for work on his official and mysterious 
 residences on the Rue des Sauss-ais, Dauphin, f and Barbet- 
 de-Jouy [Cesar Birotteau, O — A Start in Life, s — The Har- 
 lot's Progress, Y"— Beatrix, J* — Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Groison, a sub-officer in the cavalry of the Imperial 
 Guards ; then, under the Restoration, the head-keeper at 
 Blangy, where he replaced Vaudoyer, at a salary of three 
 hundred francs. Montcornet, the mayor of Bourgogne com- 
 mune, married the old soldier to an orphan daughter of one 
 of his farmers and gave them three acres of vineyards [The 
 Peasantry, JJ]. 
 
 Gros, Antoine-Jean,J the celebrated painter; born in 
 Paris in 1771 ; died about the end of June, 1835. He was 
 Joseph Brideau's master, and, in spite of his parsimonious 
 habits, furnished materials, about i8i8, for the future creator 
 
 * The chateau de Presles still exists. 
 
 I The Rue du Dauphin has lost its name. To-day it forms a part of 
 the Rue Saint-Roch, which runs from the Rue de Rivoli to the Rue Saint- 
 Honore. 
 
 % The painter Gros was a baron, though neither Balzac nor the com- 
 pilers of the Compendium give him the title. — Tr. 
 17 
 
258 COMPENDIUM 
 
 of ^'The Venetian Senator and the Courtesan," which was 
 held at five thousand francs by a twofold order of the admin- 
 istration [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Groslier, a commissary of police at Arcis-sur-Aube at the 
 beginning of the canvass of the electorate, 1839, in that arron- 
 dissement : the various candidates were Keller, Giguet, Beau- 
 visage, Dorlange-Sallenauve, and Trailles ; was in intimate 
 relationship with the sub-prefect, Antonin Goulard [The 
 Deputy for Arcis, X>_D]. 
 
 Grosmort, a young lad of Alengon in 1816. He left that 
 town during the most beautiful season of the year and went to 
 Prebaudet, owned by Mme. du Bousquier (then Mile. Cor- 
 mon), in order to announce the arrival of Troisville at the 
 chief place of the Orne [The Old Maid, aa\. 
 
 Grossetete, F., owner and manager, with Perret, of a 
 banking-house at Limoges, under the Restoration. He had 
 as a clerk and successor, Pierre Graslin. When he retired, 
 married and a grandfather, F. Grossetdte was wealthy, and 
 had a passion for horticulture ; for many years he lived in the 
 country in the vicinity of Limoges. Endowed with a superior 
 intelligence, he was able to understand Veronique Graslin, 
 sought her society, and tried to learn her secrets \ he intro- 
 duced his godson, Gregoire G6rard, to her [The Country 
 Parson, ^]. 
 
 Grossetete, Madame F., wife of the foregoing; a person 
 o-f considerable importance in Limoges, at the time of the 
 Restoration; she congratulated Veronique Sauviat '^on her 
 happy marriage," when she was wedded to Pierre Graslin 
 [The Country Parson, F\ 
 
 Grossetete, the youngest brother of F. GrossetSte ; under 
 the Restoration, the receiver-general at Bourges. He pos- 
 sessed a large fortune, which allowed the marriage of his 
 daughter Anna to a Fontaine, about 1813 [The Country 
 Parson, JP— -Muse of the Department, CO]. 
 
 Gro88-Narp, Comte de, the son-in-laW| assuredly ficti- 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 259 
 
 tious, of an extraordinarily great lady invented and repre- 
 sented by Jacqueline Collin to serve the compromised interests 
 of Jacques Collin, in Paris, about the end of the Restoration 
 [The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z]. 
 
 Grozier, Abbe, was taken, at the beginning of the Resto- 
 ration, as the umpire between two proof-readers — of whom 
 one was Claude-Henri de Saint-Simon — in a discussion con- 
 cerning China paper. He demonstrated that the Chmese 
 made their paper of bamboo [Lost Illusions, 'N\ Abbe Gro- 
 zier was the librarian at the Paris arsenal ; he had been the 
 Marquis d'Espard's tutor. Grozier* was well acquainted with 
 the history, manners, and customs of the Chinese. He taught 
 his learning to his pupil [The Commission in Lunacy, c]. 
 
 Gruget, Madame Etienne, born in the second half of the 
 eighteenth century. About 1820 a lacemaker, No. 12 Rue des 
 Enfants-Rouges,'}' Paris, she protected, cared for, and hid in 
 her house Gatien Bourignard, the lover of her daughter Ida, 
 who committed suicide. Bourignard was Mme. Jules Des- 
 maret's father [Ferragus, &&]. Become a sick-nurse, about 
 the end of 1824, Mme. Gruget attended Athanase Flamet de 
 la Billardiere [Les Employes, cc\ In 1828 she practiced the 
 same calling at ten sous a day, including food. She then 
 attended, on the Rue du Houssay or du Houssais,J the last 
 moments of Comtesse Flore Philippe de Brambourg [A Bach- 
 elor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Gruget, Ida, daughter of the preceding; about 1820 a 
 sewer on corsets. No. 14 Rue de la Corderie du Temple, Paris ; 
 
 * The Abb6 Grosier or Grozier, Jean-Baptiste-Gabriel-Alexandre, born 
 March 17, 1743, at Saint-Omer; died December 8, 1823, at Paris; the col- 
 laborator of Fr6ron and Geoffroyin the "Ann6e lit^raire; " was the author 
 of a " Histoire g^n^rale de la Chine." Pans, 1777-1784; 12 vols,, 4mo. 
 
 f This is now part of the Rue des Archives, running from the Rue Pas- 
 tourelle to Rue Portefoin. 
 
 X An actual portion of the Rue Taitbout comprised between the Rues de 
 Provence and de la Victoire. 
 
260 COMPENDIUM 
 
 employed by Mme. Meynardie. She was also — at least during 
 that year — Gatien Bourignard's mistress. Passionately jealous, 
 she caused, without thinking, a scandal in the house of Jules 
 Desmarets, the son-in-law of her lover ; afterward killed her- 
 self through despair of love, and was buried in the little 
 cemetery of a village of Seine-et-Oise [Ferragus, hh\ 
 
 Gua Saint-Cyr, Madame du, in spite of the difference 
 in appearance caused by age, passed for a time for Alphonse 
 de Montauran's mother. She had been married, but was then 
 a widow ; Gua was not the woman's real name. She was the 
 last mistress of Charette, and while still young herself, she 
 altogether replaced him by the young Alphonse de Montauran. 
 Mme. du Gua became intensely jealous of Mile, de Verneuil. 
 One of the first skirmishes organized by Mme. du Gua of the 
 Vendeans, 1799, was unlucky and most ridiculous. *'Cha- 
 rette's old mare " stole the money from the carrier between 
 Mayenne and Fougeres ; now this very money was being sent 
 to her by her mother [The Chouans, ^]. 
 
 Gua Saint-Cyr, Du, in Brittany, 1799; the name bor- 
 rowed by the chief of the Chouans, Alphonse de Montauran, 
 given him by a student from the Polytechnic, afterward pro- 
 moted in the navy [The Chouans, ^]. 
 
 Gua Saint-Cyr, M. and Madame du, son and mother, 
 the legitimate and actual holders of this name, were assassi- 
 nated by the Chouans, November, 1799 [The Chouans, 'B\ 
 
 Gudin, Abbe, born about 1759; was one of the Chouan 
 chiefs, 1799. ^^ ^^s a redoubtable man, an obstinate Jesuit, 
 possibly devout enough, but defied on French soil the pro- 
 scriptive edict of 1 763. A firebrand of war in the West, Abbe 
 Gudin was killed by the Blues, falling nearly under the eyes 
 of his own nephew, the sub-lieutenant and patriot Gudin [The 
 Chouans, ^H\. 
 
 Gudin, nephew of the preceding, was a conscript patriot 
 of Fougeres, Brittany, during the campaign of 1799; in suc- 
 cession a corporal and ensign. He received the first grade 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 261 
 
 under Hulot. Beau-Pied was in his command. Gudin was 
 killed before Fougeres by Marie de Verneuil, who was habited 
 in her husband's, Alphonse Montauran, clothing [The Chou- 
 ans, J5]. 
 
 Guenee, Madame. See Galardon, Madame. 
 
 Guenic, Gaudebert-Calyste-Charles, Baron du, born 
 in 1763. The head of a Breton family of the greatest an- 
 tiquity; he justified throughout his whole life the device in- 
 scribed on his blazon : Fac ! and without hope of reward, in 
 both Vendee and Brittany, always in defense of God and the 
 King, with arms in hand, whether as soldier or captain ; 
 associated with Charette, Cathelineau, La Rochejacquelein, 
 Elbee, Bonchamp, and the Prince de Loudon. One of the 
 commanders in the campaign of 1799, he took the surname of 
 *^the Intimate," and was, the same as Bauvan, a witness of 
 the marriage in extremis of Alphonse Montauran to Marie de 
 Verneuil. Three years after he reached Ireland ; there he 
 married Miss Fanny O'Brien, of a noble house of that country. 
 The events of 181 4 allowed of his return to Guerande, Loire- 
 Inferieure, where he and his relations had great influence. 
 As a consequence of his constant devotion to the Royalist 
 cause, M. du Guenic received the cross of Saint-Louis, but no 
 other reward. He was incapable of protesting, and the year 
 following intrepidly fought in the same cause with General 
 Travot. The last Chouan insurrection, that of 1832, was 
 another one in which he took part ; he was accompanied by 
 his only son, Calyste, and his servitor Gasselin. Gaudebert- 
 Calyste-Charles du Guenic retook the Guerande road ; in 
 spite of his numerous wounds he lived a long time after that, 
 dying suddenly in 1837, aged sixty-four [The Chouans, JB — 
 Beatrix, jP]. 
 
 Guenic, Baronne du, wife of the preceding, Irish, nee 
 Fanny O'Brien, about 1793, of an aristocra'.ic race. Poor, 
 but surrounded with wealthy relatives by marriage, beautiful 
 and distinguished, she married, in 1813, Gaudebert-Calyste- 
 
262 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Charles, Baron du Guenic, following him soon afterward to 
 Guerande, where she consecrated her youth to his life. Fanny 
 du Guenic brought Gaudebert-Calyste-Louis into the world ; 
 she behaved to him more as an elder sister than a mother ; 
 she was prejudiced against his first two mistresses, but ended 
 by understanding Felicite des Touches, but always trembled 
 at the sight and mention of Beatrix Rochefide; this lasted until 
 the day of the baron's death [Beatrix, J*]. 
 
 Guenic, Gaudebert-Calyste-Louis du, born without doubt 
 in 1815, at Guerande, Loire-Inferieure; the only son of the two 
 foregoing ones, who both worshiped him. He was the moral 
 and physical picture of his mother. His father would have 
 made a gentleman of the olden times of him. Chevalier 
 Calyste fought for the legitimate Bourbon branch in 1832. 
 He had other aspirations which were aroused by the illustrious 
 lady of a manor in the neighborhood. Mile, des Touches. 
 She would not accept him as her lover, but presented him to 
 Mme. Arthur de Rochefide. Beatrix played a bad comedy 
 with the heir of the house of Guenic, similar to that essayed 
 by Antoinette de Langeais, in regard to Montriveau. He 
 married Mile. Sabine de Grandlieu ; he took the title of baron 
 after his father's death, and lived in the faubourg Saint-Ger- 
 main,* Paris. He was visited, 1838 to 1840, by Georges de 
 Maufrigneuse, Savinien de Portenduere, the Rhetores, and 
 the Lenoncourt-Chaulieus. He again encountered Mme. de 
 Rochefide and became her lover. The Duchesse de Grand- 
 lieu broke up their adulterous love. The Abbe Brossette, 
 Miguel d'Ajuda-Pinto, Maxime de Trailles, Rusticoli de la 
 Palferine, Mme. Fabien du Ronceret, and Arthur de Rochefide 
 (Beatrix's husband) seconded the efforts of the young Baron 
 du Guenic's mother-in-law [Beatrix, JP\ 
 
 Guenic, Madame Calyste du, nee Sabine de Grandlieu; 
 wife of the preceding, whom she married about 1837 ; about 
 the third year after she was in danger of death, at the time 
 * On the Rue Bourbon or de Bourbon ; now the Rue de Lille. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 263 
 
 when she was confined, as she found she had a rival, on the 
 Rue de Chartres-du Roule,* in Beatrix de Rochefide [Bea- 
 trix, J>]. 
 
 Guenic, Zephirine du, born in 1756, at Guerande; she 
 lived nearly all her life with her younger brother, Gaudebert- 
 Calyste-Charles, Baron du Guenic ; she partook of his ideas, 
 principles, and traditions. She dreamed of the restoration of 
 that noble house and pushed her economy to the point of 
 avarice. For a long time Mile, du Guenic desired as a niece, 
 through marriage. Mile. Charlotte de Kergarouet [Beatrix, J*]. 
 
 Guepin, of Provins, established in Paris. He was one of 
 the leading dry goods merchants at the "Three Distaffs," Rue 
 Saint-Denis; he had as head-clerk his compatriot Jerome-Denis 
 Rogron. In 18 15 he gave up his business to his grandson 
 and returned to Provins, where his family formed a clan. 
 He there afterward met Jerome-Denis Rogron [Pierrette, 'i\. 
 
 Guepin, a young soldier, a thief and deserter ; a hulks com- 
 panion of Farrabesche [The Country Parson, F\ 
 
 Guerbet, a rich farmer in the arrondissement of Ville-aux- 
 Fayes; married in the last years of the eighteenth or the 
 early ones of the nineteenth century. His wife was the only 
 daughter of Mouchon junior, then the Conches letter-carrier. 
 After his father-in-law's death he succeeded him [The Peasan- 
 try, n\ 
 
 Guerbet, brother of the foregoing and allied to the Gau- 
 bertins and the Gendrins. A wealthy tax-collector at Sou- 
 langes, and called by Fourchon **Guerbel el parcepteur of 
 Soulanges." A fat, deaf fellow, with a butter face and a false 
 wig, rings in his ears, and an immense neck ; he was a " man 
 of spirit" in the little town, and one of the heroes of Mme. 
 Soudry's salon [The Peasantry, 2^]. 
 
 Guerbet, in 1823, judge of instruction at Ville-aux-Fayes. 
 Like his father the tax-collector, and his uncle the letter- 
 
 * Since 1851 this has formed a part of the Rue de Courcelles running 
 from the Rue Monceau to the Boulevard de Courcelles. 
 
264 COMPENDIUM 
 
 carrier, he lived in entire accord with Gaubertin [The Peasan- 
 try, M\. 
 
 Guerbet, procureur of the Chdtelet of Paris under the old 
 regime \ the predecessor of Bordin, who purchased the prac- 
 tice from him in 1806 [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Guillaunie, during a part and at the end of the nineteenth 
 century, was first a clerk to Chevrel, a draper, Rue Saint- 
 Denis, Paris, at the sign of the ** Cat and Racket," near the 
 Rue du Petit-Lion.* He afterward became his son-in-law 
 and succeeded him in the business ; he became wealthy, and 
 retired under the first Empire, after having married both his 
 daughters on the same day. He became a member of the 
 consulting committee on the billeting of troops, then being 
 changed in the quarter ; he lived at this time on the Rue du 
 Colombier ; f he frequented the Ragons and the Birotteaus, 
 and was, with Mme. Guillaume, among those invited to the 
 ball at the *' Queen of Roses," given December 17, 1818, on 
 the Rue Saint-Honore [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket, t — 
 C6sar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Guillaume, Madame, wife of the above, nee Chevrel; 
 cousin of Mme. Roguin. A rigid bourgeoise, who was scan- 
 dalized by the marriage of her second daughter, Augustine 
 Guillaume, who became Mme. Theodore Sommervieux [At 
 the Sign of the Cat and Racket, f]. 
 
 Guillaume, Augustine. See Sommervieux, Madame 
 Theodore de. 
 
 Guillaume, in 1823, a servant in the employ of the Mar- 
 quis d'Aiglemont [A Woman of Thirty, S~\. 
 
 Guinard, Abbe, a priest at Sancerre, 1836, at the time 
 when Dinah de la Baudraye entertained Etienne Lousteau and 
 Horace Bianchon [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 * Really a part of the Rue Tiquetonne running from the Rue Saint- 
 Denis to the Rue Montorgueil. 
 
 \ A portion of the Rue Jacob, situated between the Rues Seine and 
 Bonaparte. 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 265 
 
 Gyas, Marquise de, living at Bordeaux, under the Resto- 
 ration. The Marquis de Gyas, in spite of the marquise's vex- 
 ation with Mme. Evangelista, was a witness to the marriage of 
 Natalie Evangelista to Paul de Manerville [A Marriage Settle- 
 ment, aa]. 
 
 H 
 
 Habert, Abbe:, under the Restoration, vicar of Provins ; a 
 
 redoubtable, ambitious ecclesiastic; through Vinet, he brought 
 about the marriage of his sister. Celeste Habert, with Jerome- 
 Denis Rogron [Pierette, t]. 
 
 Habert, Celeste, sister of the foregoing; born about 
 1797 ; in Provins she managed a boarding-school for girls, in 
 the latter years of the reign of Charles X. She was a regular 
 caller on M. and Mile. Rogron [Pierrette, l]. 
 
 Hadot, Madame, who lived in 1836, at Charite, Nievre; 
 confounded one evening with Mme. Barthelemy-Hadot, a 
 French romancist of the nineteenth century, who had been 
 spoken of at Mme. de la Baudraye's house, near Sancerre 
 [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Halga, Chevalier du, a mariner much esteemed by Suf- 
 fren and Portenduere; captain of Kergarouet's flag-ship, a 
 lover of that admiral's wife, whom he survived. He served 
 in the Indies and Russia ; he refused to bear arms against 
 France; retired to Paris with a meagre pension, after the 
 times of the emigration; was well acquainted with Richelieu. 
 He frequented, near the Madeleine, the Mesdames de Rou- 
 ville, who were proteges of his late friend. The death of 
 Louis XVin. took Halga back to his native town of Gu^rande, 
 where he became mayor and still lived in 1836. M. du Halga 
 was an intimate friend of the Guenics and made himself ridicu- 
 lous by an exaggerated solicitude for the imaginary maladies 
 of his dog Thisbe [The Purse, p — Beatrix, J?]. 
 
266 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Halmer, a renamed firm whose failure, about 1830, caused 
 the ruin and death of Louis Gaston [Letters of Two Brides, v\. 
 
 Halpertius — also spelt : Halphertius — the name taken 
 by Jacques Collin, under Louis-Philippe, who figured as a 
 ** Swedish lord crazy on music, and a philanthropist"; the 
 protector of Luigia [The Deputy for Arcis, 1>J[>, JEE]. 
 
 Halpersohn, Moses or Moise, a Polish Jew and refugee, 
 a capable physician, a communist, very eccentric, of great 
 miserliness, a friend of Lelewel, the revolutionary. Under 
 Louis-Philippe he attended Vanda de Mergi, Paris, who had 
 already been given up by a number of doctors, and was the 
 only one among them all who understood the complicated 
 malady of Baron de Bourlac's daughter [The Seamy Side of 
 History, T]. 
 
 Hannequin, Leopold, notary, Paris. *'La Revue de 
 I'Est," which appeared as a periodical, under Louis-Philippe, 
 gave, in a new autobiographical vein, the story of its editor- 
 in-chief, Albert Savarus, entitled 'M'Ambitieux par amour." 
 During the Monarchy of the barricades, Maitre Leopold Han- 
 nequin was Albert Savarus' faithful friend ; he knew his first 
 and last place of retreat. At that time Hannequin had a 
 practice in Paris. He married well, became the father of a 
 family, was deputy- mayor of one of the arrondissements, and 
 obtained the decoration for a wound received at Saint-Merri's 
 convent. The faubourg Saint-Germain, Saint-George's quar- 
 ter, and the Marais welcomed and employed Leopold Hanne- 
 quin. The Grandlieus called him in to draw up the marriage- 
 contract of their daughter Sabine with Calyste du Guenic, 
 1837. Four years later Hannequin was the instrument of the 
 old Marechal Hulot, Rue du Montparnasse, in the disposition 
 made concerning Mile. Fischer and Mme. Steinbock. About 
 1845, on HeloVse Brisetout's recommendation, Maitre Hanne- 
 quin also wrote Sylvain Pons* will, on the Rue de Normandie 
 [Albert Savaron, /—Beatrix, P— -Cousin Betty, w — Cousin 
 Pons, 05]. 
 
CO ME DIE HUMAINE. 267 
 
 Happe & Duncker, noted bankers at Amsterdam, great 
 amateurs in pictures, ostentatious parvenus; in 1813 they 
 bought Balthazar Claes' beautiful collection and paid him one 
 thousand ducats [The Quest of the Absolute, _Z>]. 
 
 Haudry, a physician in Paris during the first half of the 
 nineteenth century. An old man, the defender of the old 
 formulae; had a large practice among the middle-classes; 
 successively he attended : the Cesar Birotteaus, the Jules 
 Desmarets, Mme. Descoings, Poiret the younger, and Vanda 
 de Mergi. Dr. Haudry's name was still mentioned about the 
 end of Louis-Philippe's reign [Cesar Birotteau, O — Fer- 
 ragus, hh — A Bachelor's Establishment, tf — The Seamy Side 
 of History, T — Cousin Pons, x\. 
 
 Haugoult, Father, an Oratorian and regent of the col- 
 lege at Vendome, about 181 1. Harsh and strict, he could 
 not understand the budding genius of one of his pupils, Louis 
 Lambert, and destroyed the "■ Treatise on the Will,"* written 
 by that boy [Louis Lambert, 1^]. 
 
 Hauteserre, D', born in 1751 ; grandfather of the Marquis 
 de Cinq-Cygne ; Laurence de Cinq-Cygne's guardian; Robert 
 and Adrien d'Hauteserre's father. A timorous gentleman, he 
 would have treated with the Revolutionists. For his part, 
 1803, he saw that the adventures that members of his family 
 were engaged in meant the jeopardizing of their heads. 
 Malin de Gondreville, Peyrade, Corentin, Fouche, and Napo- 
 leon Bonaparte all greatly frightened M. d'Hauteserre. He 
 buried his boys [A Historical Mystery, ff—T^Q Deputy for 
 Arcis, 1>X)]. 
 
 Hauteserre, Madame d', born in 1763, wife of the pre- 
 ceding, mother of Robert and Adrien d'Hauteserre; in her 
 whole manners she was a lady of the old regime. Under the 
 influence of the Goujets she was very indulgent to Mile, de 
 Cinq-Cygne, the intrepid and fiery anti-revolutionary of the 
 arrondissement of Arcis, during 1803 and the following 
 * A treatise actually written by Balzac. 
 
268 COMPENDIUM 
 
 years. Mme. d'Hauteserre buried her sons [A Historical Mys- 
 tery, //]. 
 
 Hauteserre, Abbe d', brother to Laurence de Cinq- 
 Cygne's guardian ; his character was in many respects like 
 that of his young relation ; he was struck by a bullet, in 1792, 
 when the populace of Troyes attacked the hotel de Cinq- 
 Cygne ; this caused his death [A Historical Mystery, ff^ 
 
 Hauteserre, Robert d', the eldest^' ^8n of M. d'Haute- 
 serre, Laurence de Cinq-Cygne's guardian. He was rough 
 and repellent to men, in spite of an agreeably exterior; an 
 honorable man, he followed the fortunes of his brother Adrien 
 and his relatives and allies, the de Simeuses. ' Like them, he 
 emigrated during the first Revolution, and returned with them 
 to the borders of Arcis, about 1803. Also, like them, he was 
 smitten by Laurence de Cinq-Cygne. Accused of having 
 abducted Senator Malin, he was convicted and sentenced to 
 ten years of hard labor. Robert d'Hauteserre obtained the 
 Emperor's pardon, and was sent to a regiment of cavalry as 
 an ensign. He died a colonel, at the attack on the Moskowa 
 redoubt, September 7, 1812 [A Historical Mystery, j^]. 
 
 Hauteserre, Adrien d', second son of M. d'Hauteserre, 
 Laurence de Cinq-Cygne's guardian ; he differed from his 
 eldestbrotner, in being more lively and quicker of intelli- 
 gence. The same sentiment of love and honor animated both. 
 Adrien, like Robert, emigrated and returned to the same 
 condemnation ; he also received Napoleon's pardon and was 
 admitted into the army ; he replaced his brother Robert, who 
 was killed in the attack on Moskowa, and, as a recompense 
 for numerous serious wounds, was made a brigadier-general 
 after the battle of Dresden, August 26—27, 18 13. The doors 
 of Cinq-Cygne castle were opened their widest to admit the 
 mutilated Adrien ; by a mutual inclination, Laurence de Cinq- 
 Cygne and he were married. This marriage made Adrien 
 Marquis de Cinq-Cygn-e. Under the Restoration, Adrien 
 d' Hauteserre was raised to the peerage, promoted a lieutenant- 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 269 
 
 general, and received the cross of Saint-Louis. He died in 
 1829, mourned by his wife, his parents, and children [A His- 
 torical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Hautoy, Du, under the Restoration, a family of Saumur, 
 rich enough to call upon M. and Mme. des Grassins [Eugenie 
 Grandet, M\ 
 
 Hautoy, Francis du, a gentleman of Angouleme, was 
 consul at Valencia. Between 1821 and 1824 he lived in the 
 chief place in la Charente ; he frequented the Bargetons; 
 lived in the most intimate friendship with the Senonches; he 
 passed for being the father of Frangoise de la Haye — the 
 daughter of Mme. de Senonches. Francis du Hautoy seemed 
 rather superior to the folk around him [A Distinguished Pro- 
 vincial at Paris, JM — Lost Illusions, 'N\ 
 
 Henri, a police-spy in Paris, 1840; detailed by Corentin 
 and placed in the Thuillier and Nepomucene Picot house- 
 holds, with the orders to look after Theodose de la Peyrade 
 [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Herbelot, a notary at Arcis-sur-Aube, during the election 
 time in the spring of 1839; ^ frequenter of the Beauvisage, 
 Marion, and Mollot families. He was employed by or acted 
 for Maxime de Trailles [The Deputy for Arcis, DD']. 
 
 Herbelot, Malvina, born in 1809; sister of the above, 
 who had an instinctive curiosity about the legislative elec- 
 tions in the arrondissement of Arcis. Malvina Herbelot fre- 
 quented the Beauvisages and Mollots, as did her brother, and, 
 in spite of her thirty years, sought the society of their young 
 heiresses [The Deputy for Arcis, DD']. 
 
 Herbomez, of Mayence, called '' General-Hardi," a Chauf- 
 feur compromised in the Royalist movement in which Henri- 
 ette Bryond took part, under the first Empire. Like the 
 daughter of Mme. de la Chanterie, he, gave his head to that 
 army of rebellion. His execution took place in 1809 [The 
 Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Herbomez, D*, brother of the preceding, but, lucklier 
 
270 COMPENDIUM 
 
 than he, he ended by becoming a count and receiving the 
 post of receiver-general [The Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Heredia, Marie. See Soria, Duchesse de. 
 
 Herisson, one of attorney Desroches' clerks, 1822 ; he 
 knew Godeschal, Oscar Husson, and Marest, in the office 
 [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Hermann, a Nuremburg merchant, who, in October, 
 1799, commanded a company formed against the French. 
 Arrested and thrown into Andernach prison, he had as a com- 
 panion in captivity Prosper Magnan, a young surgeon, a native 
 of Beauvais, Oise. Hermann became aware of the terrible 
 secret of an unjust detention. He afterward recounted the 
 story before F. Taillefer, the unpunished author of a double 
 crime which had caused the detention and death of an inno- 
 cent man [The Red House, cZ]. 
 
 Heron, a notary at Issoudun, early in the nineteenth cen- 
 tury, was, in the matter of placing their affairs in order, the 
 counsel of the Rougets, father and son [A Bachelor's Estab- 
 lishment, eT]. 
 
 Herouville, Marechal d*, whose ancestors were in evi- 
 dence in old French history of the sixteenth and seventeenth 
 centuries, and the pages of which were marked with their 
 brilliant, mysterious, and dramatic doings ; the same as the 
 Due de Nivron. He was the last governor of Normandy ; he 
 returned after the emigration with Louis XVIIL in 181 4, and 
 died of old age in 1819 [The Hated Son, ^ — Modeste Mig- 
 non, ^]. 
 
 Herouville, Due d', son of the foregoing; born in 1796 
 at Vienna, Austria, during the emigration; the ''fruit of the 
 autumnal matrimony of the last governor of Normandy," a 
 descendant of a Count d' Herouville, a Norman soldier under 
 Henri IV. and Louis XIIL He was Marquis de Saint-Sever, 
 Due de Nivron, Comte de Bayeux, Vicomte d'Essigny, master 
 of the King's horse, a peer of France, chevalier of the orders 
 of the Spur and Golden Fleece, and a grandee of Spain, 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 271 
 
 though his origin was said to have been of the most modest. 
 The founder of his house had been a doorkeeper or verger to 
 Robert of Normandy. The device on his blazon was: Hems 
 Villa — the Chiefs House. In any case his ungraceful ex- 
 terior (he was a sort of hunchback) and the insufficiency of 
 the financial resources of the Due d'Herouville were in glaring 
 contrast to his high aristocratic birth. His position gave 
 him the use of a hotel on the Rue Saint-Thomas du Louvre,* 
 Paris, and a frequenter of the Chaulieus. Herouville kept 
 Fanny Beaupre, who cost him pretty dear. In 1829 he sought 
 the hand of the wealthy heiress of the Mignons de la Bastie, 
 Havre. During Louis-Philippe's reign the Due de Herouville, 
 then in the full tide of wealth and pride, was intimate with 
 the Hulot family; he was known as a famous amateur in art; 
 his residence was in the faubourg Saint-Germain, on the Rue 
 de Varenne. Soon after he carried off Josepha Mirah from 
 Hulot, establishing her with luxurious surroundings. After- 
 ward he generously furnished Hulot with an establishment for 
 himself and Olympe Bijou, Mme. Grenouville, on the Rue 
 Saint-Maur-du-Temple [The Hated Son, jsj— The Collection 
 of Antiquities, aa — Modeste Mignon, JS!— Cousin Betty, ir]. 
 
 Herouville, Mademoiselle d', aunt of the foregoing; 
 she dreamed of a rich marriage for that abortion, a kind of 
 bad reproduction of the Herouvilles of centuries past. She 
 desired Marie-Modeste Mignon de la Bastie for him ; but her 
 aristocratic pride had once repulsed the demoiselles Mongenod 
 and Augusta de Nucingen [Modeste Mignon, JK.\ 
 
 Herouville, Helene d', niece and sister of the two fore- 
 going ; she accompanied them to Havre in 1829; after this 
 she entertained friendly relations with the Mignons [Modeste 
 Mignon, 'K.\ 
 
 Herrera, Carlos, an unacknowledged son of the Due 
 d'Ossuna, a canon in Toledo cathedral ; he was charged by 
 
 * This street, which has been out of existence for a long time, now 
 lorms a part of the Place du Carrousel. 
 
272 COMPENDIUM 
 
 King Ferdinand VII. with a political mission to France. He 
 was drawn into an ambuscade and killed by Jacques Collin, 
 who despoiled him and took his place as an envoy, about 1830 
 [Lost Illusions, ^— The Harlot's Progress, Y — Vautrin's 
 Last Avatar^ ;§;]. 
 
 Hiclar, a musician at Paris, 1845 5 ^^ ^^^ received by 
 Dubourdieu, the symbolic painter and the creator of a picture 
 of *' Harmony"; he was given instructions to compose a 
 symphony suitable to be played before that composition [The 
 Unconscious Mummers, te]. 
 
 Hiley, called the laborer, a Chauffeur, and the most cun- 
 ning of his accomplices in the second movement of the 
 Royalists of the Orne, in which Henriette Bryond took part 
 under the first Empire. He joined the army of the rebellion 
 at the cost of his head. He was executed in 1809 [The Seamy 
 Side of History, T\ 
 
 Hippolyte, a young officer and aide-de-camp to General 
 Eble during the Russian campaign ; a friend of Philippe de 
 Sucy's. Killed in an attack on the Russian forces, November 
 28, 181 2, near Studzianka [Farewell, e\. 
 
 Hochon, born at Issoudun about 1738; was receiver of 
 taxes at Selles, Berry. Hochon married substitute Lousteau's 
 sister, Mile. Maximilienne ; by her he had three children ; 
 one daughter became Mme. Borniche. M. Hochon's mar- 
 riage and the political changes of that time caused his return 
 to his native town, where people called his family les cinq 
 cochons^ — the five pigs. This jest had a long life, for M. 
 Hochon, in spite of his proverbial avarice, adopted Francois 
 Hochon, Baruch and Adolphine Borniche. M. Hochon. died 
 at a good age ; he still lived at the end of the Restoration, 
 and gave good adviqe to the Bridaus about reclaiming the 
 Rouget succession [A Bachelor's Establishment, «/]. 
 
 Hochon, Madame, nee Maximilienne Lousteau, wife of 
 the foregoing, about 1750; sister of the substitute Lousteau at 
 * A pun on the pronunciation of les cinq {H)ochons, 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 273 
 
 Issoudun ; she was also godmother of Mme. Bridau, nee 
 Rouget. She for many years took refuge in a gentle and 
 resigned spirit ; she was effaced as mother of the family and 
 lived the life of a second Felix Grandet's wife [A Bachelor's 
 Establishment, «/]. 
 
 Hochon, the eldest son of M. and Mme. Hochon ; he 
 buried both his brother and sister; he married when very 
 young a rich woman by whom he had one son. He was 
 killed in 1 813 at the battle of Hanau [A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, «7]. 
 
 Hochon, Francois, son of the foregoing; born in 1798. 
 He was orphaned at sixteen years of age, and was adopted by 
 his paternal grandparents, living with them in the town of 
 Issoudun ; his cousins, the young Borniches, also lived there. 
 Francois Hochon was a secret visitor of his ally, Maxence 
 Gilet, and figured as a member of the Knights of Idlesse until 
 the time came when this was found out by his grandfather. 
 His grandfather banished the young man, treating him with 
 much severity, and sent him to Poitiers, where he allowed him 
 an annual income of six hundred francs [A Bachelor's Estab- 
 lishment, tT\ 
 
 Honorine. See Bauvan, Comtesse Octave de. 
 
 Hopwood, Lady Julia, an Englishwoman, who made a 
 journey in 1818-19 to Spain ; she had a maid under the name 
 of Caroline, who was none other than Antoinette de Langeais, 
 a fugitive from Paris, whence she fled on account of Montri- 
 veau [The Duchess of Langeais, hh\ 
 
 Horeau, Jacques, called ''the Stuart"; had been lieu- 
 tenant of the 69th demi-brigade. He became affiliated with 
 Tinteniac, and was known to have participated in the Qui- 
 beron expedition ; he was a Chauffeur; he was compromised 
 in the time of the first Empire in the Royalist movement of 
 the Orne, by which Henriette Bryond lost her life. Jacques 
 Horeau had to submit to the same destiny. He was beheaded 
 in 1809 [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 18 
 
274 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Hortense was, under Louis-Philippe, one of Lord Dud- 
 ley's numerous mistresses. Mile. Hortense lived on the Rue 
 Trouchet, at the time when Cerizet, through Antonia Chocar- 
 delle, so effectually mystified Maxime de Trailles [A Man of 
 Business, I — The Deputy for Arcis, J) J)]. 
 
 Hostal, Maurice de l', born in 1802 ; the living picture 
 of Byron ; the nephew and like the adopted son of Abbe 
 Loraux. On the Rue Payenne, Marais, he was first the secre- 
 tary and afterward the confidant of Octave de Bauvan. He 
 knew Honorine de Bauvan, Rue Saint-Maur-Popincourt j he 
 was not smitten by his benefactor's choice for him ; he became 
 a diplomat and left France. The Italian Onorina Pedrotti 
 became his wife ; by her he had two children. About 1836, 
 while consul at Genoa, he met with Octave de Bauvan, who 
 died a widower, leaving his son in his, Hostal's, care. M. 
 de r Hostal received Claud Vignon, L^on de Lora, and Felicite 
 des Touches, and in their presence told of the conjugal vicissi- 
 tudes of the Bauvans [Honorine, fe]. 
 
 Hostal, Madame Maurice de l', nee Onorina Pedrotti, 
 wife of the preceding. A beautiful and exceptionally wealthy 
 Genoese.* She was rather jealous of the consul ; she possibly 
 heard the story told to the artists Vignon, Lora, and Felicite 
 des Touches [Honorine, Ji\. 
 
 Huet, Jacques, in 1787, was clerk to Maitre Bordin, Paris. 
 He without doubt had Malin de Gondreville, Grevin, etc., as 
 colleagues [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Hulot, born in 1766, served under the first Republic and 
 the Empire. He took an active part in the wars and tragedies 
 of the times. Hulot commanded the 72d demi-brigade, in 
 the Chouan insurrection of 1799. ^^ fought Montauran. 
 He remained a democrat under the Empire, but Bonaparte 
 rewarded his zeal as a soldier. Hulot became colonel of the 
 grenadiers of the Guard, Comte de Forzheim, and obtained 
 
 * Ordinarily the daughters of families in Genoa are disinherited, much 
 to their prejudice. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 275 
 
 the marechalat. He retired to a magnificent mansion situated 
 on the Rue du Montparnasse ;* there he passed his last years 
 very simply. He was the friend of Cottin de Wissembourg, 
 who was afflicted with deafness, and was surrounded with the 
 family of his brother, which was much disturbed, 1849. 
 Hulot had a superb funeral [The Chouans, J5 — Muse of the 
 Department, CC — Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Hulot d'Ervy, Baron Hector, born about 1775, brother 
 of the preceding; he was happily called Hulot d'Ervy, in 
 order to distinguish him from the marechal, his eldest brother. 
 Hulot d'Ervy became a commissary of provender under the 
 Republic ; he was created baron under the Empire. During 
 one or another of these periods he married Adeline Fischer, 
 by whom he had two children. In each successive govern- 
 ment he was favored — he became steward-general, chief of 
 division in the War Office, councilor of State, and a grand 
 officer of the Legion of Honor. His life of private debauchery 
 dated from this time, and he was installed at many different 
 addresses: the Rues de I'Universite, Plumet, Vaneau, du 
 Dauphin, Saint-Maur-du-Temple, la Pepinidre, la Bienfaisance 
 (Passage du Soleilf), and Louis-le-Grand, Paris. Each of 
 his successive mistresses — Jenny Cadine, Josepha Mirah, Valerie 
 Marneffe, Olympe Bijou-Grenouville, Elodie Chardin, Atala 
 Judici, and Agathe Piquetard — caused him to fall lower in the 
 social scale, and hastened his dishonor. For some time he 
 lay hidden under the names of Thoul, Thore^ and Vyder ; all 
 anagrams of Hulot, Hector, and d'Ervy. The usurious per- 
 
 * Probably No. 23, not far from the house where Sainte-Beuve died, 
 f The Passage du Soleil has become the Galerie de Cherbourg, 
 
 Note. — The Hulots d'Ervy who figure in the Comedie Humaine are 
 not in any way connected with the Hulot family who to-day represent the 
 name which has been made illustrious by three generations of Hulots, 
 under the first Empire, the Restoration, and the government of July; they 
 are to be distinguished, in fact, by the name d'Ervy, borrowed from the 
 place of their origin. 
 
276 COMPENDIUM 
 
 secutions of Samanon nor the influence of his family were 
 able to correct Hulot d'Ervy, who, after the death of his 
 wife, soon remarried, on February i, 1846, with Agathe 
 Piquetard, his kitchen-girl [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Hulot d'Ervy, Baronne Hector, wife of the preceding, 
 nee Adeline Fischer, in a village of the Vosges, about 1 790 ; 
 she was remarkable for her beauty, and became married by 
 reciprocal inclination, in spite of her lowly birth; for a long 
 time they lived happily together; she was loved, petted, and 
 worshiped by her husband and venerated by her brother-in- 
 law. It was perhaps at the end of the Empire that Hector 
 Hulot's infidelities brought unhappiness upon her. She bore 
 him two children : Victorin and Hortense. Only for her mater- 
 nal uneasiness the baronne would have pardoned the successive 
 wrong-doings of her husband. The honor of the name and 
 the marriage of Mile. Hulot kept her attention. She vainly 
 offered herself to Celeste Crevel, whom she had once repulsed, 
 and submitted to the insults of that parvenu ; she implored 
 Josepha Mirah to detach him from Atala Judici, all for the 
 advantage of her family. The last years of her life she passed 
 in charitable work. Victorin's intervention, the death of 
 Comte de Forzheim, Lisbeth Fischer, and M. and Mme. 
 Crevel seemed to give her a sense of security for the future, 
 but she surprised Hector and Agathe Piquetard loving each 
 other, and this completely broke down Mme. Hulot d'Ervy, 
 who for a long time had been afllicted with a nervous trem- 
 bling. She died in the neighborhood of fifty-six years [Cousin 
 Betty, w\. 
 
 Hulot, Victorin, the eldest of the two children of the pre- 
 ceding. He married Mile. Celestine Crevel, and had two chil- 
 dren by this union. He became, under Louis-Philippe, one 
 of the first barristers in Paris. Was a deputy, advocated the 
 continuance of the war, was consulting barrister to the prefec- 
 ture of police, and counsel of the civil list. Victorin Hulot 
 made eighteen thousand francs of income. He had a seat in 
 
 / 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. Til 
 
 the Palais-Bourbon when the discussion of Dorlange-Salle- 
 nauve's election was brought up. He was able, through his 
 connections with the police, to deliver his family from the 
 claws of Mme. Valerie Crevel. From 1834 he was the owner 
 of a house on the Rue Louis-le-Grand \ seven or eight years 
 later Victorin there received nearly all the Hulots and their 
 married relations; but he would not recognize his father's 
 second marriage [The Deputy for Arcis, JDjD — Cousin 
 Betty, w\. 
 
 Hulot, Madame Victorin, wife of the foregoing, born 
 Celestine Crevel ; her marriage was the result of a meeting 
 between her father and father-in-law, two libertines. She 
 took part in the discussions of the two families, and replaced 
 Lisbeth Fischer by caring for the household on the Rue Louis-. 
 le-Grand, and without doubt saw the death of the second Mme. 
 Celestin Crevel, who died about the same time as the former 
 perfumer [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Hulot, Hortense. See Steinbock, Comtesse Wenceslas. 
 
 Hulot d'Ervy, Baronne Hector, nee Agathe Pique- 
 tard, of Isigny, where she became the second wife of Baron 
 Hector Hulot d'Ervy. On her. first entrance into Paris she 
 became a kitchen-maid in the Hulots' household, about De- 
 cember, 1845 J she was married to her old master, then a 
 widower, February i, 1846 [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Humann, the celebrated Parisian tailor, who, in 1836 and 
 following years, at the suggestion of the students Rabourdin 
 ^and Juste, clothed "a man of politics," Z. Marcas, who was 
 without resources [Z. Marcas, 7ri\. 
 
 Hure, a native of Mortagne, was, at the beginning of the 
 Restoration, in the office of the Parisian Maitre Derville, the 
 attorney. Rue Vivienne, when he saw Hyacinthe-Chabert 
 [Colonel Chabert, i]. 
 
 Husson, Madame. See Clapart, Madame. 
 
 Husson, Oscar, born about 1804, son of the foregoing 
 and M. Husson, army contractor ; he led a life full of hard 
 
278 COMPENDIUM 
 
 knocks, explained by his origin and his childishness. The 
 fall of Napoleon determined the ruin of the Hussons ; Mme. 
 Husson had been a woman of the bedchamber to Madame 
 Mere (Loetitia Bonaparte). Oscar and his mother, now mar- 
 ried to M. Clapart, lived in a modest place on the Rue de la 
 Cerisaie, Paris. By the blunders of the vain, spoiled child 
 while on his way to the Comte de Serizy's castle, not far from 
 risle-Adam, he received a severe admonition from his quasi- 
 godfather, M. Moreau. Obtaining his license, Oscar Husson 
 became a clerk to Maitre Desroches and fashioned himself 
 after Godeschal. During this time Husson came across two 
 young men, the Marests, cousins. Already one of them had 
 drawn him into a foolish escapade, but this time their friend- 
 ship resulted in a more serious affair, on the Rue.Vendome,* 
 at Florentine Cabirolle's place, who was under the protection 
 of and kept by the wealthy Cardot. Husson through this 
 abandoned clerical work and took to a military life. He was 
 in the regiment of cavalry commanded by the Due de Mau- 
 frigneuse and Vicomte de Serizy. The intervention of the 
 dauphine and Abb6 Gaudron procured him advancement and 
 the decoration. We successively see Oscar as aide-de-camp 
 to La Fayette, captain, officer of the Legion of Honor, and a 
 lieutenant-colonel. One brilliant act is illustrated that took 
 place in Algerian territory during the Macta affair : Husson 
 lost his left arm in vainly striving to save Vicomte de Serizy. 
 On his retirement he obtained the position as collector at 
 Beaumont-sur-Oise. He there married, 1838, Georgette Pier- 
 rotin [A Start in Life, s\ 
 
 Husson, Madame Oscar, wife of the preceding; nee 
 Georgette Pierrotin ; daughter of the owner of the Oise 
 diligence [A Start in Life, s\ 
 
 Hyacinthe, the only real name of Colonel Chabert. 
 
 Hyacinthe, Monseigneur. See H. Troubert, Abbe. 
 
 Hyde de Neuville, Jean-Guillaume, Baron — 1776- 
 
 * Now the Rue B6ranger. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 279 
 
 1857 (?) — who was in the Martignac ministry, in 1828, was, in 
 1797, one of the most active agents for the Bourbon princes. 
 He took part in the civil war of the West in 1799 and had a 
 conference with the First Consul, Napoleon Bonaparte, on 
 the question of the reestablishing of Louis XVIII. [The 
 Chouans, jB]. 
 
 Idamore, the nom de guerre of Chardin junior, who be- 
 came a claquer in a theatre on the Boulevard du Temple, 
 Paris [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Isemburg, Marechal, Due d', was probably of the Im- 
 perial nobility; in November, 1809, he lost at play, at a 
 grand fSte given in Paris by Senator Malin de Gondreville, 
 at the same affair that the Duchesse de Lansac effected the 
 reconciliation of a young household [The Peace of the 
 House, j\ ^ 
 
 Jacmin, Philoxeme, of Honfleur, perhaps cousin of Jean 
 
 Butscha; chambermaid to Eleonore de Chaulieu ; she loved 
 Germain Bonnet, Melchior de Canalis' valet [Modeste Mig- 
 non, 'K\ 
 
 Jacome'ty, head warden of the Conciergerie, Paris, May, 
 1830, during the incarceration therein of L. C. Rubempr6 
 [Vautrin's Last Avatar, z\. 
 
 Jacquelin, born in Normandy, about 1776, was in 1816 
 in the service of Mile. Cormon, an old maid at Alengon. He 
 married at the time when she wedded M. du Bousquier. 
 After this double event Jacquelin remained for some time 
 in the service of the niece of Abbe de Sponde [The Old 
 Maid, a€C\. 
 
 Jacques, for a long time valet to Claire de Beauseant, at 
 
280 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Bayeux. Essentially *^ aristocratic, intelligent, and discreet," 
 he understood his mistress' sufferings [Father Goriot, 6r — ^A 
 Forsaken Woman, li\. 
 
 Jacquet, Claude-Joseph, an honest bourgeois, under the 
 Restoration ; married and the father of a family \ afflicted 
 with certain manias. Jacquet filled the functions of deputy 
 mayor in one of the arrondissements, Paris, and added to that 
 the post of keeper of the records to the minister of Foreign 
 Affairs. He often called upon his friend Jules Desmarets. 
 About 1820 he deciphered a mysterious and complicated letter 
 from Gatien Bourignard. When Clemence Desmarets died, 
 M. Jacquet supported the stockbroker at Saint-Roch's church 
 and in Pere-Lachaise cemetery [Ferragus, &&]. 
 
 Jacquinaut, in 1822, a petty clerk in the office of Maitre 
 Derville, the attorney [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Jacquinot would have been, under Louis-Philippe, a no- 
 tary of Paris after Maitre Cardot [The Middle Classes, ee\ ; 
 but, as the son-in-law and successor of Cardot was Berthier, it 
 seemed improper. 
 
 Jacquotte at one time served a cure, afterward she entered 
 Doctor Benassis* service and managed his household with a 
 characteristic but despotic care [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Jamouillot, Madame, seconded Mme. Fontaine in the 
 divinations of that famous fortune-teller [The Deputy for 
 Arcis, Djy, ^JE']. 
 
 Jan,* a painter who worked "for fame." About 1838, at 
 Paris, on the Rue du Dauphin, he covered the floors and 
 decorated the bedroom door of the "little house" of which 
 Crevel was the owner, and which was the scene of the dou- 
 ble adultery of Valerie Marneffe and Baron Hulot [Cousin 
 Betty, w']. 
 
 Janssen, shoemaker to the opera, in 1823 ; he furnished 
 
 * Perhaps this was the decorative painter Laurent-Jan, the creator of 
 *' Misanthropic sans repentir," and Balzac's friend, to whom he dedicated 
 the drama of ♦' Vautrin." 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 281 
 
 Eleonore and Louise de Chaulieu with shoes [Letters of Two 
 Brides, v\. 
 
 Janvier, a priest in a village of the Isdre in 1829, "a very 
 Fenelon reduced to the proportions of a cure" ; he knew, 
 understood, and assisted Benassis [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Japhet, Baron, a celebrated chemist ; he submitted the 
 magic skin to phtorique (chloride of nitrogen) acid and the 
 action of the Voltaic pile, together with the chlorate of azote, 
 for Raphael de Valentin. To his great astonishment the scien- 
 tist was unable to effect any change in the tissue [The Wild 
 Ass' Skin, ^]. 
 
 Jean, a servant of the Piombos, Paris ; he was sent, in the 
 summer of 1815, to meet their daughter at her study [The 
 Vendetta, i\ 
 
 Jean, coachman and confidential man to M. de Merret, 
 Vendome, in 181 6 [The Great Bretdche, I — Another Study 
 of Woman, l\ 
 
 Jean, at Paris and under the Empire, a footmi-^ of the 
 Marquise de Listomere [The Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 Jean, a working terrace-builder — perhaps something of a 
 gardener, too. About November, 1819, he worked for Felix 
 Grandet in the meadows on the banks, of the Loire \ he cut 
 down a number of poplars and planted others [Eugenie Gran- 
 det, M\ 
 
 Jean, one of the Due de Grandlieu's servants. May, 1830 
 [The Harlot's Progress, i^]. 
 
 Jean, one of the guards in Pdre-Lachaise cemetery, 1820- 
 21 ; he led Jules Desmarets and C. J. Jacquet the way to the 
 grave of Clemence Bourignard* in which she had been re- 
 cently buried [Ferragus, hh\ . 
 
 Jean, at Paris, 1843, ^ servant of Josepha Mirah when she 
 received Adeline Hulot [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 *In 1868, at Paris, MM. Ferdinand Dugue and Peaucellier presented 
 a drama at the Galt6 in which Clemence Bourignard-Desmarets was one 
 of the principal characters. 
 
282 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Jean, a servant of Camusot de Marville, Paris, about the 
 time when Madeleine Vinet persecuted Sylvain Pons [Cousin 
 Pons, Qc\, 
 
 Jean, a coachman to the minister of Finance, 1824, at the 
 time when Athanase Flamet de la Billardiere, the chief of a 
 division, died [Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Jean, a lay brother in an abbey about 1791, at the time 
 when he was given asylum by Niseron, cure of Blangy; after 
 he left he went to Gregoire Rigou ; he afterward became his 
 factotum [The Peasantry, JJ]. 
 
 Jean, a gardener of Nucingen's, Paris, about the end of 
 the Restoration [The Harlot's Progress, Y]. 
 
 Jeannette, in 1823, a young, pretty, and piquant servant- 
 mistress of the mayor of Soulanges, Soudry [The Peasantry, 2^]. 
 
 Jeannette, born in 1758; the Ragons' cook, in Paris, 
 Rue du Petit-Lion-Saint-Sulpice;* she particularly distin- 
 guished herself at the Sunday receptions [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Jeanrenaud, Madame, a protestant, widow of the " head 
 man on the salt barges," by whom she had one son. She was 
 a stout, good woman, ugly, and common ; she recovered, 
 under the Restoration, a fortune that had been ravished from 
 her ancestors by the Catholic d'Espards, and restored by their 
 descendant in spite of a commission in lunacy intended to avert 
 it. Mme. Jeanrenaud lived successively at Villeparisis and 
 Paris; in the latter place at No. 8 Rue de la Vrilliere, and 
 afterward on the Rue Vertef [The Commission in Lunacy, c]. 
 
 Jeanrenaud, son of the foregoing ; born about 1792. He 
 served as an officer in the French Imperial Guard, and, by 
 favor of Espard-Negripelisse, became in 1828 captain of a 
 squad of the first regiment of cuirassiers in the Royal Guard. 
 Charles X. created him baron. Jeanrenaud married a niece 
 of Mongenod's. His handsome villa on Lake Geneva was 
 
 * Part of the Rue Saint- Sulpice, and situated between the Rues Cordd 
 and Seine. 
 
 f Now called the Rue de Penthi^vre. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 283 
 
 mentioned in "I'Ambitieux par amour," by Albert Sa varus, 
 who published it in the reign of Louis-Philippe [The Com- 
 mission in Lunacy, c — Albert Savaron, f\ 
 
 Jenny was, under the Restoration, chambermaid and con- 
 fidential servant of Aquilina of the Guard ; afterward, but for 
 a very short time, she was Castanier's mistress [Melmoth 
 Reconciled, cZ]. 
 
 Jeremie, a servant in the employ of Marie de Verneuil at 
 Fougeres 1799 [The Chouans, ^]. 
 
 Jerome, Father, the keeper of a second-hand book-stall 
 on Notre-Dame bridge, Paris, 1821, at the time of the novici- 
 ate of Chardon de Rubempre [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, M\ 
 
 Jerome, successively valet of Galard and of Albert Savarus, 
 at Besan^on. He perhaps served the barrister faithfully, at 
 Paris, because he was courting Mariette, a servant at the 
 Wattevilles, or at least her dowry [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Johnson, Samuel, under the Restoration, at Paris, was 
 the disguise under which the police-spy Peyrade played the 
 ** nabob," when he kept Mme. Theodore Gaillard and had 
 Contenson as his mulatto servant, in the service of Nucingen 
 and against Jacques Collin [The Harlot's Progress, Y^ Z'\. 
 
 Jolivard, an employe in the recorder's office. Rue de 
 Normandie, Paris, about the close of Louis-Philippe's reign 
 [Cousin Pons, x]. 
 
 Jonathas, Raphael de Valentin's foster-father and valet 
 of Valentin's father ; he was later the young man's steward, 
 who became a multi-millionaire ; he served him faithfully and 
 survived him [The Wild Ass' Skin, ^]. 
 
 Jordy, De, in succession captain of the Royal Swedish 
 regiment and professor in the military Ecole. He had a deli- 
 cate heart and distinguished mind ; the type of a gentleman, 
 poor but resigned. His soul ought to have been the hearth 
 of secret griefs. Certain indications seemed to imply that he 
 had had children whom he worshiped and lost. M. de Jordy, 
 
284 COMPENDIUM 
 
 retired, lived modestly at Nemours. He was the equal in 
 character and intelligence of Denis Minoret, with whom he 
 became an intimate friend, and he gave a like affection to the 
 doctor's ward, Mme. Savinien de Portenduere, whom he in- 
 structed ; he also left her an income of four thousand francs 
 when he died, in 1823 [Ursule Mirouet, JBT]. 
 
 Joseph, with Charles and Francois, were a part of the 
 personal domestics at the Aigues, about 1823 [The Peasan- 
 try, M\ 
 
 Joseph, about 1831, at Paris, in the service of Pauline 
 Gaudin ; he became rich [The Wild Ass' Skin, A^. 
 
 Joseph, about the middle of the Restoration, an old valet 
 of the Comte de Fontaine's [The Sceaux Ball, ii\. 
 
 Joseph, the faithful servant of Eugene de Rastignac, under 
 the Restoration, at Paris. In 1828 he took a letter written 
 by his master to the Marquise de Listomere that was intended 
 for Mme. de Nucingen ; this error of Joseph's caused the 
 marquise much vexation [The Wild Ass' Skin, A. — A Study 
 of Woman, cC\. 
 
 Joseph, at Paris, on the Chaussee-d'Antin, in the service 
 of Ferdinand du Tillet ; he proudly received Cesar Birot- 
 teau [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Joseph, the name of an honest bricklayer. Rue Saint- 
 Lazare, Paris, about the end of Louis-Philippe's reign. Of 
 Italian origin, married, father of a family ; he was saved from 
 bankruptcy by Adeline Hulot, who acted on behalf of Mme. 
 de la Chanterie ; Joseph was an acquaintance of the public- 
 writer Vyder, to whom Mme. Hulot came and who found in 
 him her husband, Hector Hulot d'Ervy [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Josepha. See Mirah, Josepha. 
 
 Josephin, an old valet of Victurnien d'Esgrignon: ''A 
 sort of Maitre Chesnel in livery" [The Collection of Antiqui- 
 ties, aa\. 
 
 Josephine, chambermaid to Mme. Jules Desmarets, Paris, 
 1820, Rue Menars [Ferragus, &&]. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 285 
 
 Josephine, a servant at the Thuilliers, Paris, 1840 [The 
 Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Josette, a cook in the household of Balthazar Claes, 
 Douai; very much attached to Mesdames Josephine, Mar- 
 guerite, and Felicite Claes. She died about the end of the 
 Restoration [The Quest of the Absolute, 2>]. 
 
 Josette, old housekeeper of Maitre Mathias, Bordeaux, 
 under the Restoration ; she accompanied her master when he 
 went to see the embarkation of Paul de Manerville [A Mar- 
 riage Settlement, aa]. 
 
 Josette, 181 6, and without doubt anterior to that year, 
 chambermaid to Victoire-Rose Cormon, Alengon. She mar- 
 ried Jacquelin when their mistress became Mme. du Bousquier 
 [The Old Maid, aa\. 
 
 Josette, chambermaid to Diane de Maufrigneuse, May, 
 1830 [Vautrin's Last Avatar, z\. 
 
 Judici, Atala; born about 1829, of Lombardian origin; 
 she had a paternal grandfather, a rich Parisian bricklayer, 
 under the first Empire; M. Joseph's employer died in 1819. 
 Mile. Judici never came near that fortune ; it was dissipated 
 by her father during the course of the year 1844; she was 
 delivered, she said, by her mother to Hector Hulot for fifteen 
 thousand francs. Then she left her family, who lived on the 
 Rue de Charonne, and lived in marital relations with her 
 purchaser and keeper, who became a public-writer on the 
 Passage du Soliel — now the Galerie de Cherbourg. The pretty 
 Atala was compelled to leave Hulot when Adeline found him. 
 Mme. Hulot promised her a dowry to enable her to marry 
 Joseph's eldest son. At Paris Mile. Judici was sometimes 
 called Judix, a French corruption of the Italian name [Cousin 
 Betty, w\ 
 
 Judith. See Genestas, Madame. 
 
 Julia, chambermaid to the celebrated operatic singer, 
 Clarina Tinti, 1820, Venice [Massimilla Doni, jj^]. 
 
 Julien, one of the ''guards" in the Conciergerie, 1830, 
 
286 COMPENDIUM 
 
 at the time of the criminal instruction of the Herrera-Rubemprd 
 case [Vautrin's Last Avatar, z\ 
 
 Julien was, in 1818-19, valet to Antoinette de Langeais 
 [The Duchess of Langeais, &6]. 
 
 Julien, probably a Champenois, was while still young, in 
 1839, at Arcis-sur-Aube, in the service of the sub-prefect, 
 Antonin Goulard. Through Anicette he learned the secret 
 intrigues of the Legitimists at the chateau of Cinq-Cygne, 
 and revealed them to the Beauvisage and Mollot families. At 
 that time Georges de Maufrigneuse, Daniel d' Arthez, Laurence 
 de Cinq-Cygne, Diane de Cadignan, and Berthe de Maufrig- 
 neuse were residing near that town [The Deputy for Arcis, 
 DD\ 
 
 Juliette, an old cook of Justin and Olympe Michaud, 
 1823, near the Aigues [The Peasantry, _K]. 
 
 JuUiard was, at Paris, about 1806, head of the " JuUiard 
 firm," Rue Saint-Denis, at the ** Silkworm." He there sold 
 haberdashery and employed Sylvie Rogron as "second." 
 Twenty years later he returned to his native Provins, whither 
 he retired ; he was married, and the father of a family which, 
 grouped with the Guepins and Guenees, formed three great 
 races [Pierrette, i]. 
 
 JuUiard, the eldest son of the preceding, married to 
 the only daughter of a rich farmer of Provins, platonically 
 smitten by Melanie Tiphaine, the handsomest woman in the 
 "official colony," during the Restoration. JuUiard was in 
 both trade and literature. He owned a diligence route and a 
 newspaper, " la Ruche," in which he flattered Mme. Tiphaine 
 [Pierrette, i\ 
 
 Jussieu, Julien, a young master of the requisition in the 
 great draft of troops in 1793. He was sent with a billet of 
 domicile to the house of Mme. de Dey, at Carentan ; he was 
 the innocent cause of the sudden death of that woman, who 
 was that same day anxiously awaiting the return of her son, 
 a Royalist tracked by the Republic [The Conscript, 6]. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. '2SSI 
 
 Juste, born in 1811, a medical student at Paris, and, his 
 studies completed, a practicing physician in Asia. In 1836 
 he lived on the Rue Corneille, Paris, where, with Charles 
 Rabourdin. he assisted Zephirin Marcas in his poverty [Z. 
 Marcas, lfKl\- 
 
 Justin, Vidame de Pamier's old and cunning valet; in 
 1820 he was secretly slain by order of Bourignard, for having 
 discovered the real name of Mme. Jules Desmarets' father 
 [Ferragus, 6&]. 
 
 Justine was, at Paris, chambermaid to the Comtesse 
 Foedora, when her mistress received M. de Valentin [The 
 Wild Ass' Skin, A\. 
 
 Katt, a Fleming, Lydie de la Peyrade's nurse ; she hardly 
 ever left her side. She served her in Paris on the Rue des 
 Moineaux,* about 1829. In the year 1840 she still looked 
 after her, now become crazy, on the Rue Honore-Chevalier 
 [The Harlot's Progress, F, Z— The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Keller, Francois, was one of the greatest and richest 
 bankers in Paris, during a period of years extending possibly 
 from 1809 to 1839. He was one of those who figured in 
 November, 1809, under the Empire, in the great fete given 
 by Malin de Gondreville; he there met Isemberg, Mont- 
 cornet, and Mesdames de Lansac and Vaudemont ; it was a 
 social intermingling of the old aristocracy and illustrious im- 
 perialists. Indeed at this time Francois Keller formed a part 
 of Malin de Gondreville's family, for he had married one of 
 the daughters. This marriage made him the brother-in-law 
 of the Marechale de Carigliano, and at the same time assured 
 his election as a deputy, which he became in 181 6, and so 
 * The construction of the Avenue de 1' Opera caused the demolition of 
 this street. 
 
288 COMPENDIUM 
 
 remained until 1836. The electors of Arcis-sur-Aube arron- 
 dissement kept him in his seat during that long period. 
 Frangois Keller had, by his marriage with Mile, de Gondre- 
 ville, one son, Charles, who was slain in the spring of 1839. 
 As a deputy Francois Keller became one of the most noted 
 orators of the Left Centre. He shone in the Opposition, 
 from 1819 to 1825. He cunningly cloaked himself in philan- 
 thropy. Politics never lured him away from financial affairs. 
 On the Rue du Houssay,* about 1819, while Decazes awaited 
 Francois Keller, seconded by his brother and partner Adolphe 
 Keller, he refused to aid the unfortunate perfumer, Cesar 
 Birotteau. Between the years 1821 and 1823 the banker 
 Guillaume Grandet's creditors unanimously designated this 
 firm — together with M. des Grassins — as the liquidators of 
 that failure. The private life of Keller was far from irre- 
 proachable, although he affected puritanism. In 1825 we 
 become aware of an illegitimate and costly liaison with Flavie 
 Colleville. Rallying to the new monarchy of 1830-36, 
 Francois Keller saw his zeal rewarded about 1839, when he 
 entered the peerage and was made a count [The Peace of the 
 House, j — Cesar Birotteau, O — Eugenie Grandet, M — Les 
 Employes, CC— The Deputy for Arcis, DT), 'E'E'\. 
 
 Keller, Madame Francois, wife of the preceding, daugh- 
 ter of Malin de Gondreville ; mother of Charles Keller, who 
 died in 1839. She inspired, under the Restoration, a deep 
 passion in the son of the Duchesse de Marigny [The Peace of 
 the House, j — The Deputy for Arcis, Diy — The Duchess of 
 Langeais, hh\ 
 
 Keller, Charles, born in 1809, son of the two precedents, 
 grandson of the Comte de Gondreville, nephew of the Mar6- 
 chale de Carigliano; in 1839 his life, which opened so auspici- 
 ously, was suddenly cut short. As the major of a squad, when 
 by the side of the prince royal (Ferdinand d'Orleans), he took 
 * Really a portion of the Rue Taitbout between the Rues Provence and 
 Victoire. 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 289 
 
 part in the Kabylie; he intrepidly pursued Abd-el-Kader and 
 met his death at the hands of the enemy. He was a viscount 
 by the recent ennobling of his father, and was assured of the 
 favor of the heir-presumptive to the throne. At the time when 
 death surprised him he had been nominated for a seat in the 
 lower chamber, for the electors of Arcis-sur-Aube intended 
 him to represent them [The Deputy for Arcis, J)iy\. 
 
 Keller, Adolphe, the brother — probably younger — of 
 Francois his partner ; a very fine man, well-trained in busi- 
 ness habits, *'a real lynx." On account of the close business 
 relations existing between Nucingen and F. du Tillet, he, in 
 1 819, refused his aid to Cesar Birotteau, who had implored 
 assistance [The Middle Classes, ee — Pierrette, i — Cesar Birot- 
 teau, O]. 
 
 Kergarouet, Comte de, born in the middle of the 
 eighteenth century ; of Breton nobility ; he entered the navy 
 and was for a long time at sea in command of la Belle-Poule, 
 ending as vice-admiral. He possessed a great fortune and by 
 his charities redeemed the '* black " gallantries of the years of 
 his youth, from 1771 on. At Paris, near the Madeleine, 
 about the beginning of the nineteenth century, he very deli- 
 cately assisted the Baronne Leseigneur de Rouville. Shortly 
 after this, a widower of long date and retired, he was a 
 frequenter of his relatives who resided near Sceaux — the 
 Fontaines and the Planats de Baudry. Kergarouet, when 
 seventy-one years old, married his niece, one of Fontaine's 
 daughters. He died before her. M. de Kergarouet was also 
 a relative of the Portendueres, and did not forget it [The 
 Purse, p — The Sceaux Ball, u — Ursule Mirouet, JH"]. 
 
 Kergarouet, Comtesse de. See Vandenesse, Marquise 
 Charles de. 
 
 Kergarouet, Vicomte de, nephew of the count ; the hus- 
 band of a Pen-Hoel, by whom he had four daughters. He 
 lived at Nantes, in 1836 [Beatrix, JP]. 
 
 Kergarouet, Vicomtesse de, wife of the foregoing, nee 
 19 
 
290 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Pen-Hoel, in 1 789 ; younger sister of Jacqueline ; mother of 
 four daughters ; a pretentious woman reckoned up by Mes- 
 dames Felicite des Touches and Arthur de Rochefide. She 
 lived at Nantes, 1836 [Beatrix, J^]. 
 
 Kergarouet, Charlotte de, born in 1821, one of the 
 daughters of the two foregoing ; grand-niece of the Comte de 
 Kergarouet ; the favorite of the four nieces of the wealthy 
 Jacqueline de Pen-Hoel ; of a fine character, but petty and 
 provincial ; in 1836 she was smitten with Calyste de Guenic, 
 but she did not marry him [Beatrix, J^]. 
 
 Kolb, an Alsacian, was the "all-round" man at the 
 Didots, Paris ; he had served in the cuirassiers. Under the 
 Restoration he became the *'bear" or pressman for David 
 Sechard, the printer, at Angoul§me, to whom he was always 
 devoted; he married Sechard' s servant Marion [Lost Illu- 
 sions, JS'\ 
 
 Kolb, Marion, wife of the foregoing, whom she first met 
 and came to know at David Sechard 's. At first she was in 
 the service of Jerome-Nicolas Sechard, the former printer at 
 Angouldme. Marion Kolb, like her husband, had a full and 
 simple devotion for David [Lost Illusions, N\ 
 
 Kouski, a Pole, a lancer in the French Imperial Guard ; 
 he led a very wretched life for the two years, 181 5-1 6, but knew 
 better days in 181 7. He then lived at Issoudun, where he 
 served the wealthy Jean-Jacques Rouget as a house-servant ; 
 he was of service to Major Maxence Gilet, who became Kouski's 
 idol [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Kropoli, Zena, of Montenegro ; in 1809 she was seduced 
 by the French artilleryman, August Niseron, by whom she 
 had a daughter, Genevieve [The Peasantry, M\. 
 
 Lra Bastie^ M., Madame, and Mademoiselle de. See 
 the Mignons. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 291 
 
 La Bastie la Briere, Ernest de, born of a good family 
 of Toulouse in 1802 ; the living picture of Louis XIII. ; from 
 1824 to 1829 the private secretary to the minister of Finance. 
 By the advice of Mme. d'Espard, and to serve Eleonore de 
 Chaulieu, he became secretary to Melchior de Canalis, and, 
 at the same time, a referendary in the court of accounts. A 
 chevalier of the Legion of Honor. In 1829, on behalf of 
 Canalis, he conducted an amorous epistolary romance, the 
 heroine of which was Marie-Modeste Mignon, of 1' Havre, 
 and played with great effect his part in a reciprocal passion 
 which should result in wedded bliss. They were married, 
 and he was rich and became the Vicomte de la Bastie la 
 Briere; this event occurred in February, 1830. Canalis and 
 the minister of 1824 were the witnesses of Ernest de la Bridre's 
 marriage ; he merited a full measure of happiness [Les Em- 
 ployes, CC — Modeste Mignon, ^]. 
 
 La Bastie la Briere, Madame Ernest* de, wife of the 
 foregoing, nee Marie-Modeste Mignon, about 1809, youngest 
 daughter of Charles and Bettina {nee Wallenrod) de la Bastie. 
 In 1829, at r Havre, where she lived with her family, and 
 through the love literature that Bettina Bretano d'Arnim 
 learned from Goethe, she fell in love with Canalis ; she fre- 
 quently, though secretly, wrote the poet, who, for his part, 
 responded by and through Ernest de la Briere ; he knew 
 nothing of the correspondence between his secretary and the 
 young girl, or of the reciprocal inclination for each other, 
 which ended in their marriage. Modeste Mignon's witnesses 
 were the Due d'Herouville and Doctor Desplein. She became 
 one of the most envied Parisians [Modeste Mignon, JST — The 
 Deputy for Arcis, J>Z> — Cousin Betty, w\ Note : La Bastie 
 is sometimes written La Batie. 
 
 La Baudraye,* Jean Athanase-Polydore Milaud de, 
 Berrichon, born in 1780, descended from the simple Milauds 
 
 * The device on the blazon of La Baudraye was : Deo patet sic fides <t 
 homnibus. 
 
292 COMPENDIUM 
 
 and ennobled. M. de la Baudraye's father was a financier of 
 gallant spirit ; his mother was a Cast^ran la Tour. He had a 
 freckled face and a sickly constitution, the heritage of his 
 father's vicious life. After the death of his father he found 
 that he was bequeathed a large quantity of acceptances, signed 
 by some of the best names of the emigrant aristocracy. Poly- 
 dore de la Baudraye was very avaricious, and he busied him- 
 self in recovering some of this money, under the Restoration. 
 He made frequent journeys to Paris ; at the hotel de Saxe,* 
 Rue Saint-Honore, he negotiated with Clement Chardin des 
 Lupeaulx ; from him he obtained in succession the following 
 positions, two of which he sold at a good price : referendary 
 under the seals, baron, officer of the Legion of Honor, 
 and master of requests. He was also given the post of tax- 
 collector of Sancerre; this he sold to Gravier. M. de la 
 Baudraye, did not leave Sancerre. About 1823 he married 
 Mile. Dinah Pitdefer; he became a large landed proprietor, 
 and acquired the domain of Anzy; this came to him by a 
 compact he made with his wife — having threatened her that 
 he would take away from her an adulterous child — by which 
 he secured her signature, making him the possessor of the 
 property left by Silas Piedefer, who had gone to America poor 
 and returned wealthy, 1836-42. He owned a superb mansion 
 on the Rue de I'Arcade, Paris. He reconquered his wife, 
 who had deserted him, and installed her therein. He was 
 promoted count, commander of the Legion of Honor, and a 
 peer of France. Frederic de Nucingen received him in Paris, 
 when the death of Ferdinand d'Orleans, in the summer of 
 1842, necessitated the presence of M. de la Baudraye at the 
 Luxembourg [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 La Baudraye, Madame Polydore Milaud de, wife of 
 the foregoing, nee Dinah Piedefer in 1807 or 1808; daughter 
 
 * It was not at the hotel de Saxe, hut the h6tel de Mayence, which 
 descended to Polydore Milaud de la Baudraye, and in which he negotiated 
 his business in Paris, 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE, 293 
 
 of the Calvinist MoYse Piedefer, she became wealthy, being 
 his heiress. She received a splendid education at the Chama- 
 rolles' boarding-school for ladies, at Bourges ; her companion 
 there was Anna Grossetdte, afterward Anna de Fontaine, 
 1819. Five years later, incited by ambition, she abjured 
 protestantism to receive a welcome from the cardinal arch- 
 bishop of Bourges; she married, about 1823, a short time 
 after her conversion. During a term of more than three con- 
 secutive years, Mme. de la Baudraye seemed enthroned as the 
 queen of the town of Sancerre and vicinity — her country house 
 being the chateau d'Anzy, Saint-Satur. She was surrounded 
 by a court composed of Abbe Duret and MM. de Clagny, 
 Gravier, and Gatien Boirouge. Clagny and Duret alone 
 comprehended the literary essays of Jan Diaz, Mme.- de la 
 Baudraye's pseudonym; they went to purchase the Rougets' 
 furniture at Issoudun, and were also called upon by and en- 
 tertained in turn the two ** Parisians of Sancerre," Horace 
 Bianchon and Etienne Lousteau, September, 1836. An adul- 
 terous intrigue followed between Lousteau and Mme. de la 
 Baudraye, through which the latter went to reside in Paris, 
 on the Rue des Martyrs, 1837-39. By this illicit union she 
 had two sons, both of whom were later acknowledged by M. 
 de la Baudraye. Mme. de la Baudraye was able to assist the 
 tired faculties of her lover; she rewrote "A Prince of Bohe- 
 mia," taken from an anecdote related by Raoul Nathan, and 
 she probably published that novel. The fear of everlasting 
 scandal caused her to obey her conjugal and maternal duties ; 
 the leaving of Lousteau and the resuming of her position as 
 Dinah de la Baudraye caused her return to her husband, who 
 resided in a splendid mansion on the Rue de TArcade. This 
 return, dating from May, 1842, astonished Mme. d'Espard. 
 All Paris in the reign of Louis-Philippe often cited Dinah de 
 la Baudraye as occupying a position which was seldom re- 
 gained. During the same year, 1842, she assisted at the first 
 representation of 'Ma Main droite et la Main gauche," a drama 
 
294 COMPENDIUM 
 
 by Leon Gozlan, played at the Odeon [Muse of the Depart- 
 ment, CC—^^ Prince of Bohemia, ^^— Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 La Berge, De, Mme. de Mortsauf 's confessor at Cloche- 
 gourde; strict, severe, and virtuous. He died in 1817, re- 
 gretted for "his apostolic power," by his penitent, who 
 accepted as his successor the gentle Frangois Birotteau [The 
 Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 La Bertelliere, father of Mme. la Gaudiniere, grand- 
 father of Mme. Felix Grandet ; was a lieutenant in the French 
 Guards; died in 1806, leaving an important succession. He 
 ** called an investment throwing money away." Twenty 
 years later his portrait still ornamented the Felix Grandets* 
 *' hall," at Saumur [Eugenie Grandet, 'E\ 
 
 La Billardiere, Athanase-Jean-Francois-Michel, Baron 
 Flamet de, son of a councilor of the Brittany parlement ; was 
 mixed up in the wars in Vendee ; he became a chief under the 
 name of Nantais, and, as an abitrator, played a most singular 
 part to Quiberon. The Restoration recompensed the services 
 of this person of the petty nobility, of very mediocre in- 
 telligence and of a Catholicism more indifferent than his 
 Monarchism. He became mayor of the second arrondisse- 
 ment of Paris and chief of a division in the Bureau of Finance, 
 thanks to his relationship with a deputy of the Right. He 
 figured among those invited to the famous ball given by his 
 deputy, Cesar Birotteau, whom he had known for twenty 
 years. At his death, in December, 1824, he vainly designated 
 as his successor as chief of a division, Xavier Rabourdin, the 
 real manager of the one of which la Billardiere was the titled 
 head. The newspapers published autobiographical articles 
 on the deceased. The official announcement, due to the 
 collaboration of Chardin des Lupeaulx, J. J. Bixiou, and F. 
 du Bruel, enumerated the numerous titles and decorations of 
 Flamet de la Billardiere — a gentleman of the bedchamber, 
 etc., etc. [The Chouans, B — Cesar Birotteau, O— Les Em- 
 ployes, cc]. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 295 
 
 La Billardiere, Benjamin, Chevalier de, son of the 
 foregoing, born in 1802. He frequented the young Vicomte 
 de Portendu^re's, in 1824, at the time when he was a wealthy- 
 supernumerary in Isidore Baudoyer's office, which formed a 
 part of Flamet de la Billardiere's division. His impertinence 
 and fatuity caused a lack of regret when he left the financial 
 department for that of the seals, about the end of the same 
 year, 1824, the date of the death of the little deplored Baron 
 de la Billardiere [Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Lra Blottiere, Mademoiselle Merlin de, under the 
 Restoration, a kind of dowager canoness at Tours; with 
 Mesdames Pauline Salomon de Villenoix and de Listomere, 
 she defended, received, and welcomed Francois Birotteau 
 [The Abbe Birotteau, i]. 
 
 Labranchoir, Comte de, a land-owner in the Dauphine, 
 under the Restoration ; a victim, as were many others, of the 
 depredations of the poacher Butifer [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 La Briere, Ernest de. See La Bastie la Briere, Ernest 
 de. 
 
 La Briere, Madame Ernest de. See La Bastie la Briere, 
 Madame Ernest de. 
 
 Lacepede, Comte de, a celebrated naturalist, born at 
 Agen, 1756 ; died at Paris in 1825. Grand chancellor of the 
 Legion of Honor, during a number of years at the commence- 
 ment of the nineteenth century. This illustrious scientist was 
 invited to the famous ball given by Cesar Birotteau, December 
 17, 1818 [Cesar Birotteau, O]- 
 
 La Chanterie, Le Chantre de, of a fallen Norman 
 family, at the end of the eighteenth century ; its date of 
 origin was lost in obscurity, although it was known to date 
 from the crusade of Philippe- Auguste ; he owned a petty fief 
 between Caen and Saint-L6. M. le Chantre de la Chan- 
 terie amassed about three hundred thousand crowns with 
 which to furnish the King's armies durinsr the Hanoverian 
 
296 COMPENDIUM 
 
 war. He died under the Revolution, but before the Terror 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 La Chanterie, Baron Henri Le Chantre de, born in 
 1 763, son of the foregoing ; beautiful, smart, seductive. Master 
 of requests to the Great Council, in 1788 ; he married Mile. 
 Barbe-Philiberte de Champignelles, in the same year. Ruined 
 under the Restoration by the loss of his position and the ex- 
 penditure of his paternal fortune, Henri Le Chantre de la 
 Chanterie became one of the most ferocious presidents of the 
 Revolutionary tribunal and was the terror of Normandy. Im- 
 prisoned after Thermidor 9th, he was liberated by his wife, 
 by the exchange of their clothing, and he did not see her 
 again more than three times in eight years, the last time being 
 in 1802. The baron became a bigamist; he returned to his 
 wife, but shortly afterward died of a loathsome disease, of a 
 consequence leaving two equally ruined widows; this was 
 only made known about 1804 [The Seamy Side of His- 
 tory, T]. 
 
 La Chanterie, Baronne Henri Le Chantre de la, wife 
 of the foregoing, nee Barbe-Philiberte de Champignelles 
 in 1772 ; the issue of one of the first families of Lower Nor- 
 mandy. Married in 1 788, fourteen years later she received the 
 dying, bigamous man, who was pursued by justice ; the one 
 who had given her his name and by whom she had a daughter, 
 Henriette, who was executed about 1809, for having been 
 connected with the insurrection of the Chauffeurs, in the Orne. 
 Unjustly compromised she was nevertheless imprisoned in the 
 horrible Bicdtre of Rouen ; there the baroness became a 
 moralist on the lives of bad women and threw herself in the 
 midst of them for the bettering of their condition. The 
 fall of the Empire set her free. Twenty years later, as the 
 co-owner of a house at the rear of Notre-Dame, Rue Chanoi- 
 nesse, Mme. de la Chanterie accepted and *' formed" Gode- 
 froid. She then exercised a generous and charitable private 
 mission, with the cooperation of Manon Godard and MM. de 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 297 
 
 Veze, de Montauran, Mongenod, and Alain. Mme. de la 
 Chanterie knew the Bourlacs and the Mergis, a family of 
 judges who became poor and who had persecuted her in 1809. 
 Her charitable works were very extensive. The baroness 
 directed, in 1843, ^ charitable society which aimed at the 
 consecration bpth civilly and religiously of the union of non- 
 married couples. She sent Adeline Hulot d'Ervy to the Pas- 
 sage du Soleil to try to have Vyder married to his courtesan, 
 Atala Judici — Vyder was Adeline's husband, Hector Hulot 
 d'Ervy [The Seamy Side of History, T— Cousin Betty, w\ 
 The Revolution having suppressed all titles, Mme. de la 
 Chanterie was called Madame — or citizeness — Lechant re. 
 
 Lachapelle served, in 1819, at Mme. Vauquer's house, 
 Paris, the warrant for the arrest of Jacques Collin [Father 
 Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Lacroix, a restaurateur, in 1822, Place du Marche, Issou- 
 dun, at whose place the Bonapartist officers banqueted on the 
 crowning of the Emperor. December 2d of the same year 
 Philippe Bridau and Maxence fought a duel after the repast 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, «7]. 
 
 Laferte, Nicolas. See Cochegrue, Jean. 
 
 Lafin de Dieu, according to Albert Savarus in " I'Am- 
 bitieux par Amour," had Claire de Beauseant as a tenant, in 
 his villa on Lake Geneva, between 1821 and 1824 [Albert 
 Savaron, /]. 
 
 La Garde, Madame de. See Aquilina. 
 
 La Gaudiniere, Madame, nte La Bertelliere; the 
 mother of Mme. Felix Grandet ; very miserly ; she died in 
 1806, leaving to Felix Grandet a succession *' the impor- 
 tance of which was unknown to any one" [Eugenie Gran- 
 det, E7]. 
 
 Laginski, Comte Adam Mitgislas, a rich exile, belonging 
 to one of the oldest and most illustrious families of Poland, 
 and counting among his relatives the Sapiehas, the Radziwills, 
 the Mniszechs, the Rezwuskis, Czartoriskis, Lecszinskis, and 
 
298 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Lubomirskis. He was also related to the princely houses of 
 Germany, and his mother had been a Radziwill. Plain, but 
 with a certain air of distinction, he possessed an income of 
 eighty thousand francs, and shone brilliantly in Paris during 
 Louis-Philippe's reign. On the Chaussee-d'Antin, Rue du 
 Mont-Blanc, after the Revolution of July, and while still a 
 novice, he was at an assembly at the house of Felicite des 
 Touches, and there listened to the delightful chat of Henri de 
 Marsay and Emile Blondet. From inclination Adam Laginski 
 married Mile. Clementine du Rouvre, a niece of the Ronque- 
 rolles, during the fall of 1835. The friendship of Paz, whom 
 he had taken as steward, saved him from being ruined by a 
 Creole whom he kept. He lived a perfectly happy life with 
 his wife, who was ignorant of the domestic tempests which he 
 concealed ; he was cured of a serious disease, judged to be 
 mortal by Dr. Bianchon, by the devotion of Paz and Mme. 
 Liginska. Comte Adam Laginski resided on the Rue de la 
 Pepiniere, which became a part of the Rue de la Boetie. He 
 occupied one of the most charming and aristocratic mansions 
 of the time of Louis-Philippe. He attended, in 1838, the 
 inauguration festival of Josepha Mirah's apartments, Rue de la 
 Ville-d'Eveque. In the same year he assisted at the wedding 
 of Wenceslas Steinbock [Another Study of Woman, I — The 
 Imaginary Mistress, It — Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Laginska, Comtesse Adam, nee Clementine du Rouvre, 
 about 1816; wife of the foregoing, the niece, by her mother, 
 of the Marquis de Ronquerolles and Mme. de Serizy. She 
 formed a portion of the group of charming young women and 
 brilliant ladies among whom were Mesdaraes de I'Estorade, 
 de Portenduere, Marie de Vandenesse, du Guenic, and de 
 Maufrigneuse. Captain Paz loved the countess, but never 
 declared his passion ; she surprised the steward's secret, and 
 ended by having a feeling of love for him. The heroic virtue 
 of Paz preserved her, not only in this case, but in another 
 more dangerous one: in the month of January, 1842, he car- 
 
COMJkDIE HUMAINE. 299 
 
 ried her off from M. de la Palferine, whom she had consented 
 to meet at the opera-ball, and who intended taking her to a 
 private dining-room in a certain restaurant [The Imaginary 
 Mistress, li\. 
 
 Lagounia, Perez de, a wholesale dry goods dealer at 
 Tarragona, Catalonia, in the time of Napoleon, who had 
 been helped by the Marana. He raised as his own daughter, 
 and very religiously, the child of a famous Italian courtesan, 
 from the day of her mother's visit until the French occupa- 
 tion, in 1808 [The Maranas, e\. 
 
 Lagounia, Dona de, wife of the foregoing, and, like him, 
 she watched over Juana Marana, from the time she arrived 
 with her mother in Tarragona until it was sacked by the 
 French [The Maranas, e\- 
 
 La Grave, Mesdemoiselles de, kept, in 1824, on the 
 Rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs, Paris, a boarding-school, at 
 which M. and Mme. Phellion gave lessons [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Laguerre, Mademoiselle ; her Christian name was prob- 
 ably Sophie; born in 1740, died in 1815 ; one of the " ira- 
 pures," the most famous of the eighteenth century ; a cantatrice 
 at the opera, she had been " on a bowing acquaintance" with 
 the guillotine. In 1790, alarmed by the trend of public 
 affairs, she established herself at the Aigues, which she acquired 
 from Bouret, the former owner. Before Bouret, she had been 
 kept by La Palferine's grandfather, whom she brought to ruin. 
 The simplicity of the singer, surrounded as she was by past- 
 masters in roguery like Gaubertin, Fourchon, Tonsard, and 
 Mme. Soudry, all made difficulties for the succeeding owner, 
 Montcornet. Although ignorant of their relationship, eleven 
 families of poor farm laborers of Amiens and the neighborhood 
 partook of Sophie Laguerre' s estate [The Peasantry, JJ — A 
 Prince of Bohemia, FF\ M. H. Gourdon gave a biography 
 of this artist, from which some of the details above given were 
 taken. From other sources we learn that Mile. Laguerre's 
 Christian name should be Josephine and not Sophie. 
 
300 COMPENDIUM 
 
 La Haye, Mademoiselle de. See Petit-Claud, Madame. 
 
 L#aniard, a probable rival of Felix Gaudissart's. In May, 
 1831, in a caf6 at Blois, he vaunted the great drummer, who 
 nevertheless spoke of him as a " little tomtit " [Gaudissart the 
 Great, o]. 
 
 Lambert, Louis, born in 1797 at Montoire, Loir-et-Cher. 
 The only son of humble farmers, who in no way offered im- 
 pediment to his wish to study, which was prematurely mani- 
 fest. In 1807 he was sent to his maternal uncle, M. Lefebvre, 
 cure of Mer, a little town on the Loire, near Blois. By the 
 favor and benevolence of Mme. de Stael, he afterward went 
 to the college at Vendome; he there stayed during 181 1, 
 181 2, 1813, and 1814. Lambert elbowed Barchou de Pen- 
 hoen and Jules Dufaure ; he seemed a bad scholar, and had to 
 endure the persecutions of Father Haugoult, whose brutal 
 hands confiscated and destroyed his ''Treatise on the Will," 
 which had been composed during the hours of classes. The 
 mathematician had already deceived the philosopher. His 
 comrades dubbed him *' Pythagorus." His logic passed, 
 Louis Lambert, orphaned of his father, lived for two years at 
 Blois, with Lefebvre ; then, being desirous of seeing Mme. 
 de Stael, he walked to Paris, arriving there July 14, 181 7; he 
 was not able to speedily call upon his illustrious benefactor 
 and returned about 1820. During these three years Lambert 
 lived a life of labor ; he frequented Meyraux, and became a 
 cherished and admired member of the Cenacle on the Rue 
 des Quatre-Vents, over which d'Arthez presided. He again 
 took the road to Blois, running through Touraine ; he knew 
 Pauline Salomon de Villenoix and loved her with a passion 
 that was fully reciprocated. Some brain trouble preceded a 
 promise of marriage, and, as the date fixed drew nearer, it be- 
 came further aggravated. During one of these attacks at 
 Croisic, in 1822, Lambert met the Cambremers, and, by 
 Pauline de Villenoix's advice, he told their history. Louis 
 had an increase of his dementia; he thought himself impotent 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 301 
 
 and wished one day to practice upon himself the celebrated 
 operation performed by Origene. Lambert died September 
 25, 1824; he would have married Pauline the following day 
 [Louis Lambert, %i — A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, ilf 
 — A Seaside Tragedy, e\. 
 
 Lambert, Madame, aunt of Mme. Mollot ; she lived, 
 about 1839, at the town of Troyes, Champagne [The Deputy 
 for Arcis, DB, 1ET1\ 
 
 Lambert, Madame, lived in Paris, in 1840. She was 
 then of '•canonical" age, and looked like "a nun"; she 
 exercised the duties of housekeeper in M. Picot's, a professor 
 of mathematics, household No. 9 Rue du Val-de-Grace. She 
 realized enormous profits out of that old scientist. Mme. 
 Lambert made the most of her hypocrisy and seeming piety. 
 She addressed herself to Theodose de la Peyrade, and asked 
 him to prepare a petition to the Academy, hoping to receive 
 a reward for servants, out of the Montyon foundation. At 
 the same time she confided to La Peyrade twenty-five thou- 
 sand francs, the savings stolen from her household money. 
 In this circumstance Mme. Lambert seems to have been the 
 instrument of the celebrated detective, Corentin [The Middle 
 Classes, ee\. 
 
 Lambrequin, Marie, a Chouan, whom the Blues shot in 
 Brittany in 1799 [The Chouans, ^]. 
 
 Lamporani, one of the names assumed by Prince Gondol- 
 phini, the exile [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Langeais, Due de, an emigrant under the Restoration; at 
 the time of the Terror he concerted and corresponded with 
 Abbe de MaroUes and the Marquis de Beauseant to enable 
 two nuns to leave Paris — one of these was Sister Agathe and 
 the other a Langeais [An Episode of the Reign of Terror, t\. 
 In 181 2 Langeais married Antoinette de Navarreins when she 
 was eighteen years of age. He allowed his wife perfect free- 
 dom and abandoned none of his bachelor habits, neither did 
 he deprive himself of any pleasures ; he lived the same as if 
 
302 COMPENDIUM 
 
 separated from her. In 1818 Langeais had command of a 
 regiment of military and had charge at the Court. He died 
 in 1823 [The Duchess of Langeais, &&]. 
 
 Langeais, Duchesse Antoinette de,* wife of the fore- 
 going, daughter of the Due de Navarreins ; born in 1794; 
 raised by the Princess de Blamont-Chauvry, her aunt ; grand- 
 niece of Vidame de Pamiers ; niece by marriage of the Due 
 de Grandlieu. She was adorably beautiful and intelligent, 
 and reigned in Paris at the commencement of the Restoration. 
 Her "dearest friend" was, in 1819, the Vicomtesse Claire de 
 Beaus6ant ; it amused her to see the cruel blow struck her 
 by the marriage of her lover, Ajuda-Pinto. Soon after the 
 Duchesse de Langeais laid herself out to seduce the Marquis 
 de Montriveau; she played the part of Celimene with him 
 and caused him much suffering. He had his revenge. Dis- 
 dained, he, in his turn, disdained her, or at least she so 
 thought ; she suddenly disappeared from Paris, after having 
 scandalized all the faubourg Saint-Germain by a prolonged 
 wait in her carriage before Montriveau's mansion. In the 
 retreat of the barefooted Carmellites in Spain, on a small is- 
 land in the Mediterranean, she became a nun — Sister Therese. 
 After a long search Montriveau at last discovered her, and he 
 had a conversation with her behind a grating in the presence 
 of the Mother Superior, and he made an effort to carry her 
 off — but she was dead. In this audacious undertaking the 
 marquis had the aid of eleven of the Thirteen, including Ron- 
 querolles and de Marsay. The duchesse had lost her husband 
 one year ago; she was liberated, when dead, in 1824 [Father 
 Goriot, 6r — The Duchess of Langeais, &&]. 
 
 Langeais, Marquis de, the father of a daughter who was 
 ugly and without a dowry; when thirty years of age, in 1828, 
 
 * On the stage at the Vaudeville and Gait6, Paris, Ancelot and Alexis 
 Decomberousse, of the one part, and MM. Dugu6 and Peaucellier, of the 
 other, in 1834 and 1868, successively and differently represented Antoi- 
 nette de Langeais' life. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 303 
 
 Rastignac rallied Philippe Bridau about marrying her [A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, J'\ 
 
 Langeais, Mademoiselle de. See Agathe, Sister. 
 
 Langlume, a jolly, little man ; a miller ; the deputy mayor 
 of Blangy about 1823, during the political struggles, and also 
 owner of finances and lands. He assisted and succored the pa- 
 ternal grandfather of Genevieve Niseron [The Peasantry, ^]. 
 
 Languet, a cure, who built Saint-Sulpice and was known 
 by Toupillier, who begged, about 1840, at the doors of that 
 church, in Paris ; one of the parishes in the sixth arrondisse- 
 ment since the year i86o(?) [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Lansac, Duchesse de, of the younger branch of the house 
 of Navarreins ; aunt of the Comte and Comtesse de Soulanges. 
 In Paris, 1809, she represented the feminine aristocracy which 
 was so brilliant under Louis XV. The Duchesse de Lansac, 
 in November of that year, consented one evening to meet 
 Isemberg, Montcornet, and Martial de la Roche-Hugon, at 
 Malin de la Gondreville's hotel, that she might bring about a 
 reconciliation between her nephew and niece, whose house- 
 hold was in a turmoil [The Peace of the House, j\. 
 
 Lantimeche, born about 1770. In 1840 a journeyman 
 horseshoer ; an inventor without means ; he went to Cerizet 
 the usurer, Rue des Poules, in order to obtain a loan of one 
 hundred francs [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Lanty, Comte de, the owner of a splendid hotel near the 
 Elysee-Bourbon, which he bought of M. de Carigliano, under 
 the Restoration ; he gave magnificent fetes which all Parisian 
 society attended, although it was ignorant of the count's 
 
 Note. — It may interest the reader to learn that Rabou finishes M. de 
 Lanty's biography as follows : He was a dark, little man, pitted with the 
 smallpox ; this adventurer's real name was Duvignon. Under the Rev- 
 olution he had been Jacqueline Collin's lover. In 1800 he was con- 
 demned to death for the crime of counterfeiting ; he escaped by a simu- 
 lated suicide, and sailed for America with Catherine- Antoinette Goussard, 
 whom he deserted in the new world. After a long time he returned to 
 
304 COMPENDIUM 
 
 antecedents. Lanty was a mysterious person, who was be- 
 lieved to be a skillful chemist. He married the wealthy niece 
 of a strange castrated man, Zambinella, by whom he had two 
 children — Marianina and Filippo [Sarrasine, ds, II. — The 
 Deputy for Arcis, X>2>]. 
 
 Lanty, Comtesse de, wife of the foregoing, born about 
 1795 J the niece and like the adopted daughter of a very 
 opulent castrate, Zambinella ; was the mistress of M. de Mau- 
 combe, by whom she had Marianina de Lanty. The Restora- 
 tion knew Mme. de Lanty's splendor and magnificence, of 
 which for a long time she was the reigning belle. The Rev- 
 olution drove her to Italy. Mme. de Lanty had Maxime de 
 Trailles as a lover, and hid this by a seeming liaison between 
 her daughter Marianina and Sallenauve [Sarrasine, ds, II. — 
 The Deputy for Arcis, 1>J>]. 
 
 Lanty, Marianina de, daughter of the preceding and 
 legitimate daughter of Comte de Lanty, but in reality of M. 
 de Maucombe; born in 1809. A striking likeness and sister 
 of Renee de I'Estorade, nee Maucombe. About 1825 she 
 concealed and tenderly cared for, in the beautiful family 
 mansion at Paris, her great-uncle Zambinella. During the 
 sojourn of her parents in Rome, she took lessons in sculpture 
 of Charles Dorlange, who afterward became the Deputy for 
 Arcis, in 1839, under the name of Comte de Sallenauve. 
 Maxime de Trailles, Mme. de Lanty's lover, made the most 
 of the tender but chaste relations existing between tutor and 
 pupil. Thanks to the Abbe Fontanou, and the despair of 
 
 France ; he was recognized by Jacques Collin. He then resolved to com- 
 pletely disappear, and feigned to die of apoplexy; he had a most elaborate 
 funeral at his parish church of Saint- Philippe-du-Roule, and was buried 
 at Marcoussis Castle, near Montlhery. By Jacqueline Collin's assistance 
 he came out of his grave and left for Italy, where he again manufac- 
 tured false money on a large scale ; six months afterward he and his 
 accomplices were attacked by the Italian Carabiniers, in an old ruinous 
 castle, and he was there killed. — Translator. 
 
COM^D-IE HUMAINE, 305 
 
 Mme. de Lanty, she was thrown into a convent ; there she was 
 under the name of Sister Eudoxie. She was a young damsel 
 of marvelous beauty, whose singing was only comparable to 
 that of Malibran, Sontag, and Fodor* [Sarrasine, ds, II. — 
 The Deputy for Arcis, I}D\ 
 
 Lanty, Filippo de, the brother and younger of the pre- 
 ceding ; the second child of Comte and Comtesse de Lanty ; 
 he assisted, when young and beautiful, under the Restoration, 
 at the festivals given by his parents. By his marriage, which 
 took place under Louis-Philippe, he entered into a German 
 grand-ducal family [Sarrasine, ds^ II. — The Deputy for Arcis, 
 
 La Palferine or La Palferine,! Gabriel-Jean- Anne- 
 Victor -Benjamin - Georges - Ferdinand - Charles-Edouard 
 RusTicoLi, Comte de, born in 1802 ; of Italian origin, of a 
 historical but poor house ; paternal grandson of one of the 
 lovers and keepers of Josephine-Sophie Laguerre ; an indirect 
 descendant of the Countess of Albany, from whom came the 
 names Charles-Edouard \ in his veins he had both the blood 
 of a gentleman and a condoitiere. Under Louis-Philippe he 
 is found ruined; with the physiognomy of Louis XIII., with 
 his detestable spirit, his style of high carriage, and inde- 
 pendent, impertinent, and seductive \ he was the type of the 
 sparkling bohemian of the Boulevard Gand ; so much so that, 
 according to the notes furnished by Nathan, Mme. de la Bau- 
 draye one day drew him and spoke of him as a person whose 
 manner was at once a disguise and a transparency. He had 
 numberless traits : the singular servitor of his — the little 
 Savoyard (called Father Anchise) ; the scorn incessantly mani- 
 fested for the species of the bourgeois class ; the toothbrush 
 reclaimed from Mile. Antonia Chocardelle, the mistress who 
 had deserted him ; his meeting with Mme. du Bruel, her pur- 
 
 *Mme. Mainvielle-Fodor is still living (1896) on the Rue de la Pompe, 
 Passy, where she has resided for nearly thirty years. 
 
 \ The La Palferines' motto was : In hoc signo vincimus. 
 20 
 
306 COMPENDIUM 
 
 suit, capture, and neglect of that supple puppet, whose heart 
 he broke and whose fortunes he was the means of changing, 
 are some of these. He then lived in the faubourg du Roule, 
 in a simple garret, and he there once received Zephirin Mar- 
 cas. The poverty of his domicile never prevented a brilliant 
 assemblage from visiting him; Josepha Mirah invited and 
 received La Pal ferine, Rue de la Ville-l'Eveque, at the time 
 of the inauguration of her hotel. Under these fantastic sur- 
 roundings Rusticoli became Beatrix de Rochefide's lover, a 
 few years after the facts above related, when the **Debats'* 
 inserted a story about him which resounded far and near. Na- 
 than paved the way for this. Trailles, the master of Charles- 
 Edouard, pushed the negotiations, and precipitated him into 
 an intrigue and adventure, after receiving the assent of Abbe 
 Brossette on the request of the Duchesse de Grandlieu : the 
 liaison which resulted between La Palferine and Mme. de 
 Rochefide reconciled the Calyste du Guenic household. On 
 his side Comte Rusticoli deserted Beatrix, and she returned 
 to her husband, Arthur de Rochefide. During the winter of 
 1842 La Palferine was smitten with Mme. de Laginska; he 
 made a rendezvous with her, but was checkmated by the 
 sudden intervention of Thaddee Paz [A Prince of Bo- 
 hemia, FF — A Man of Business, I — Cousin Betty, w — Bea- 
 trix, J? — The Imaginary Mistress, }i\. 
 
 La Peyrade, Charles-Marie-Theodose de, born in the 
 vicinity of Avignon, in 1813 ; one of the eleven nephews 
 and nieces of spy Peyrade, who established himself under the 
 name of his petty estate called Canquoelle. A dangerous 
 Southerner, a deliberate and reflective blonde ; endowed with 
 ambition ; astute and sharp. About 1829 he left the depart- 
 ment of Vancluse to walk to Paris, there to seek his uncle 
 Peyrade, whom he supposed to be rich, but was ignorant of 
 what profession he followed. Theodose arrived by the barrier 
 d'Enfer,* at the moment when Jacques Collin killed Coren- 
 * Abolished since 180Q, 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 307 
 
 tin's friend. On that date he entered a house of ill-fame, 
 where he had as a "mistress for an hour" Lydie Peyrade, 
 who was, though unknown to him, his own cousin. For three 
 years Theodose lived on one hundred louis which had secretly 
 been sent him by Corentin. The chief of the detective police 
 also sent him an exhortation which bade him adopt a career 
 in the judiciary ; but journalism tempted La Peyrade, and he 
 edited a paper of which Cerizet was the manager. The failure 
 of that gazette again left Theodose in a very wretched state. 
 Nevertheless, he again commenced and pursued his way, what 
 time Corentin, still secretly, paid the costs of his studies. 
 M. de la Peyrade, once licensed, became a barrister ; he pro- 
 fessed a "Social Catholicism" ; before the justices of the peace 
 of the eleventh and twelfth arrondissements he voluntarily and 
 gratuitously plead the causes of the poor. He occupied the 
 third floor in the Thuilliers' house, Rue Saint-Dominique- 
 d'Enfer. Between the hands of Dutocq and Cerizet, ugly 
 creditors, he passively submitted to oppression ; Theodose 
 adopted and concurred in their scheme for his marriage to the 
 adulterous daughter of M. Thuillier, Mile. Cdeste CoUeville, 
 but he had a struggle with Felix Phellion, and, in spite of the 
 triple aid of Mme. CoUeville and M. and Mile. Thuillier, he 
 was defeated by Corentin's manoeuvres. His marriage to 
 Lydie Peyrade repaired his old involuntary error. The suc- 
 cessor of Corentin, he obtained the direction of the King's 
 police, 1840 [The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z— The Middle 
 Classes, ee\. 
 
 La Peyrade, Madame de, the cousin-german and wife of 
 the foregoing, nte Lydie Peyrade about i8ioj the natural 
 daughter of the police-spy Peyrade and Mile. Beaumesnil, 
 who passed as his first mistress successively in Holland and in 
 Paris on the Rue des Moineaux, where he drew upon himself 
 the vengeance of Jacques Collin about the end of the Restora- 
 tion. Rashly smitten by Lucien de Rubempre, she was thrown 
 into a house of ill-fame while Peyrade was dying. She left 
 
308 COMPENDIUM 
 
 there crazy. Her cousin Theodose de la Peyrade had forcibly 
 and carnally known her there, but knew nothing of the rela- 
 tionship. Corentin adopted the demented girl, who was a 
 musician and singer of remarkable ability. On the Rue 
 Honore-Chevalier, 1840, he prepared the marriage and cure 
 of his ward [The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z— The Middle 
 Classes, ee\ 
 
 La Pouraille, the regular nickname of Dannepont. 
 
 Larabit, Doctor, was, in 1843, ^"^ ^^ ^^ three physi- 
 cians called in consultation to see Adeline Hulot [Cousin 
 Betty, w\ 
 
 Laravine, incited, in 1829, by the Prince de Cadignan, 
 the grandmaster of the hounds, by these words: *'A11 those 
 who cannot smell the infectious dog kennels" [Modeste 
 Mignon, ^]. 
 
 Laraviniere, a tavern-keeper or hotel-keeper in the west 
 of France, who stored the ** Brigands' " arms for the Royalists 
 under the first Empire. He was condemned to five years* 
 imprisonment about the year 1809, and without a doubt by 
 Bourlac or Mergi [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Lardot, Madame; born in 1771; lived at Alengon* in 
 1816; she there exercised the business of a laundress; where 
 lived with her Grevin, her relation, and the Chevalier de Valois. 
 Among those who worked for her were Cesarine and Suzanne, 
 the latter of whom became Mme. Theodore Gaillard [The 
 Old Maid, aa^. 
 
 Laroche, born in 1763 at Blangy; was in 1823 an old 
 laborer and vine-dresser, who pursued the wealthy with a 
 blind, cold hatred, particularly Montcornet, the lord of the 
 manor of the Aigues [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 La Roche, Sebastien de, born in the early part of the 
 
 nineteenth century ; probably the son of a modest employe 
 
 retired from the Treasury. At Paris, in December, 1824, 
 
 poor, capable, and zealous, he is found as a supernumerary of 
 
 * On the Rue du Cours, which still bears the same name. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 309 
 
 Xavier Rabourdin's in the Bureau of Finance. He lived with 
 his widowed mother on the Rue du Roi-Dore in the Marais. 
 M. and Mme. Rabourdin welcomed and protected him. M. 
 de la Roche testified to their kindness by his willingness to 
 copy a mysterious and precious work on the administration ; 
 he was surprised at this by Dutocq, and the untoward revela- 
 tions of its contents caused the double dismissal of his chief 
 and himself [Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 La Roche-Guyon, De, the eldest of one of the oldest 
 families in the department of the Orne ; also allied to the 
 Esgrignons and a constant frequenter of their salons. Through 
 Maitre Chesnel he asked, in 1805, but unsuccessfully, for the 
 hand of Armande d'Esgrignon [The Collection of Antiqui- 
 ties, aa\ 
 
 La Roche-Hugon, Martial de, a slender Southerner, 
 restless and audacious; he long filled a brilliant career in 
 politics and the administration. From 1809 he was councilor 
 of State, beside being master of requests. Napoleon Bona- 
 parte protected the young Provengal. In the month of No- 
 vember of the same year, Martial was one of those invited to 
 the festival given by Malin de Gondreville, at which the 
 Emperor was vainly expected to attend, where Montcornet 
 appeared, and at which the Duchesse de Lansac reconciled 
 the differences existing between her nephew and niece — M. 
 and Mme. de Soulanges. M. de la Roche-Hugon had at that 
 time for his mistress Mme. de Vaudremont, who was also 
 , present at the ball. For five years he was united in the closest 
 ties of friendship with Montcornet. In 1815 the acquisition 
 of the Aigues was the work of Martial, who had been a prefect 
 of the Empire, and remained in that position under the Bour- 
 bons. From 1821 to 1823 M. de la Roche-Hugon reigned in 
 the department of Burgundy, when he was relieved of his 
 prefecture. His dismissal — Comte de Casteran replaced him — 
 threw Martial into the Liberal opposition, but this was only 
 momentarily, for he soon accepted an ambassadorship. The 
 
310 COMPENDIUM 
 
 regime of Louis-Philippe welcomed M. de la Roche-Hugon ; 
 he became a minister, an ambassador, and a councilor of 
 State. Eugene de Rastignac, who had distinguished himself, 
 gave him the hand of one of his sisters. There were no chil- 
 dren by this union. Martial preserved his influence and fre- 
 quented the favorites of the day, M. and Mme. de I'Estorade. 
 His relations with the royal police chief, Corentin, attest his 
 standing in 1840. A deputy a year after becoming Rastignac' s 
 brother-in-law, he most probably succeeded Hector Hulot 
 in the ministry of War [The Peace of the House, j — The 
 Peasantry, _K — A Daughter of Eve, F^-The Deputy for 
 Arcis, J>i> — The Middle Classes, ee — Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 La Roche-Hugon, Madame Martial de. See Rastig- 
 nac, Mesdemoiselles de. 
 
 La Rodiere, Stephanie de. See Nueil, Madame Gas- 
 ton de. 
 
 Larose, corporal in the 7 2d demi-brigade; killed in an 
 engagement with the Chouans, in September, 1799 [The 
 Chouans, J5]. 
 
 La Roulie, Jacquin, the head-huntsman to the Prince de 
 Cadignan ; he took part with his master, about 1829, in a 
 brilliant hunt given in Normandy, in which the Mignons de 
 la Bastie, the Maufrigneuses, the H^rouvilles, M. de Canalis, 
 E16onore de Chaulieu, and Ernest de la Briere took part. 
 Jacquin La Roulie was then an old man ; he was a Frenchman 
 of the old school, and protested against John Barry, princi- 
 pally because he was an Englishman, being present [Modeste 
 Mignon, K\ 
 
 Larsonniere, M. and Mme., formed, under the Restora- 
 tion, the aristocracy of the little town of Saumur, of which 
 Felix Grandet had been mayor in the years anterior to the 
 first Empire [Eugenie Grandet, JE7]. 
 
 La Thaumassiere, De, grandson of the historian du 
 Berry, a young land-owner, the dandy of Sancerre. Admitted 
 to the salon of M. de la Baudraye, he was unfortunate enough 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE, 311 
 
 to yawn during an explanation which she was giving, for the 
 fourth time, on Kant's philosophy, and from thenceforth he 
 was regarded as a man completely lacking intelligence and 
 soul [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Liatournelle, Simon-Babylas, born in 1777; was a notary 
 at 1' Havre, where he had bought the best practice in that 
 place for one hundred thousand francs, loaned him, in 181 7, 
 by Charles Mignon de la Bastie. He married Mile. Agnes 
 Labrosse, by whom he had one son, Exupere; he remained 
 devoted to his benefactors, the Mignons de la Bastie [Modeste 
 Mignon, jK^]. 
 
 Latournelle, Madame, wife of the foregoing, nee Agnes 
 Labrosse, the daughter of a clerk of the court of First Instance 
 at r Havre. Well educated, of a most ungraceful figure and 
 appearance, a bourgeoise to the very last, but at the same time 
 a good person ; she had by her marriage a son, who, notwith- 
 standing all this, was christened Exupere ; and received Jean 
 Butscha. Mme. Latournelle was a frequenter of the Mignons, 
 and on each occasion testified to her affection for them [Mod- 
 este Mignon, JK"]. 
 
 Latournelle, Exupere, son of the two foregoing. He 
 frequently accompanied his parents on their visits to the 
 Mignons, about the end of the Restoration. He was then an 
 insignificant, great young man [Modeste Mignon, TT]. 
 
 Laudigeois, married, the father of a family, a true mem- 
 ber of the lower middle-class ; he was engaged under the 
 Restoration, in the mairie of the eleventh or twelfth arron- 
 dissem.ent in Paris, an employment in which he was treated 
 unjustly by Colleville, in 1840. From 1824 he was the inti- 
 mate friend and neighbor of Phellion and his moral twin ; he 
 took part in their modest play each evening. Laudigeois, 
 introduced by the Phellions, finished by frequenting the 
 Thuilliers, in the middle of Louis-Philippe's reign. His civil 
 status required correction : the name of Leudigeois figured on 
 some of his papers [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
S12 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Laure, the surname of a sweet and charming girl of poor 
 condition, who followed Servin's course in defending Ginevra 
 di Piombo, her older but affectionate comrade, in 1815, at 
 Paris [The Vendetta, i\ 
 
 Laurent, a Savoyard, nephew of Antoine ; husband of a 
 clever lace-dresser and cashmere-darner, etc. In 1824 he 
 lived at Paris with her and Gabriel, their relative. He col- 
 lected the pass-out checks at a subsidized theatre in the even- 
 ings ; the days he devoted to the Bureau of Finance, in which 
 he was a doorkeeper. Laurent was the first to wish success 
 to Rabourdin in his effort to succeed Flamet de la Billardiere 
 [Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Laurent, of the 5th Chasseurs, during the Russian cam- 
 paign ; in 1812, he was soldier-servant to Major Philippe de 
 Sucy ; he died before the passage of the Beresina [Farewell, e\. 
 
 Laurent, in 1815, the servant of M. Henri de Marsay; 
 the equal of Frontin of the old regime; from Moinot, the 
 letter-carrier, he obtained for his master the address of Paquita 
 Valdes and some information about her [The Girl with Golden 
 Eyes, ds, II.]- 
 
 Lavienne, a servant of Jean-Jules Popinot, Rue du 
 Fouarre,* Paris, 1828. "Made for his master," whom he 
 actively assisted in his charitable undertakings [The Commis- 
 sion in Lunacy, c]. 
 
 Lavrille, an illustrious naturalist attached to the Jardin 
 des Plantes j living on the Rue de Buifon, Paris, 1831. Con- 
 sulted on the strange "Wild Ass* Skin," which Valentin 
 desired most anxiously to stretch. Lavrille could afford him 
 no help on the subject, and sent the young man to a professor 
 of mechanics, Planchette. Lavrille,. "the great pontif of 
 zoology," reduced the science to one nomenclature: he was 
 then engaged in a treatise on the genus canard [The Wild 
 Ass' Skin, A\ . 
 
 * An old word and an old name ; it signified, in other times, Rue de la 
 Paille (or Straw). 
 
CO ME DIE HUMAINE. 313 
 
 Lebas, Joseph, born about 1779; an orphan without for- 
 tune he was received and employed by the Guillaumes, dry 
 goods dealers, at the '' Cat and Racket," Rue Saint-Denis, 
 Paris. Under the first Empire he married Virginie, the 
 eldest of his employers' two daughters, although he was 
 smitten by the youngest. Mile. Augustine ; at the same time 
 he succeeded to the business "At the Sign of the Cat and 
 Racket," which see. During the first years of the Restora- 
 tion he was the president of the tribunal of commerce. At 
 that time Joseph Lebas, who frequented the Birotteaus, was, 
 with his wife, invited to their famous ball; with Jules Des- 
 marets he assisted in Cesar Birotteau's rehabilitation [Cesar 
 Birotteau, O]. During the reign of Louis-Philippe he was 
 intimate with Celestin Crevel ; he retired from business and 
 lived at Corbeil [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Lebas, Madame Joseph, wife of the foregoing, nee Vir- 
 ginie GuiLLAUME about 1784; the eldest of two daughters of 
 Guillaume, of the "Cat and Racket"; the "living picture 
 of her mother, both physically and morally." Under the first 
 Empire she and her younger sister, Augustine de Sommervieux, 
 were both married at the same time, in their parish church of 
 Saint-Leu, Paris; in her case it was a marriage of inclination 
 on her side alone, while her sister's was by the mutual in- 
 clination of wife and husband. She cared little for the mis- 
 fortunes of others. In turn she frequented the Birotteaus and 
 the Crevels, and, after retiring from trade, about the middle 
 of Louis-Philippe's reign, went to live at Corbeil [At the Sign 
 of the Cat and Racket, t — Cesar Birotteau, O — Cousin 
 Betty, w\ 
 
 Lebas, probably the son of the foregoing. About 1836 
 the first deputy to the attorney-general at Sancerre ; two years 
 later a councilor to the Court at Paris ; he was to be married 
 to Hortense Hulot, 1838, but Crevel broke this oft" [Muse of 
 the Department, OC— Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Leblanc, about 1840, was the doorkeeper to the minister 
 
314 COMPENDIUM 
 
 ©f Public Works, Eugene de Rastignac [The Deputy for 
 Arcis, DJ), i5JJE;]. 
 
 Lebceuf, for a long time an attache of the courts at Mantes, 
 the president of the court, in Louis-Philippe's reign. He 
 there knew the Camusots de Marville and had a slight ac- 
 quaintance with Maitre Fraisier, who was stricken from the 
 rolls about 1845 [Cousin Pons, dC\ 
 
 Lebrun, a sub-lieutenant, then captain in the 72d demi- 
 brigade, commanded by Hulot, during the war against the 
 Chouans, in 1799 [The Chouans, JB]. 
 
 Lebrun, chief of division in the Ministry of War, 1838; 
 he counted Marneffe amongst his employes [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Lebrun, the surety, friend and disciple of Dr. Bouvard. 
 A physician in the Conciergerie, May, 1830; he was called 
 upon to certify to the death of Lucien de Rubempre [Vautrin's 
 Last Avatar, z\. About 1845, Lebrun was at the head of the 
 medical service at the boulevard theatre, managed by Felix 
 Gaudissart [Cousin Poms, ac]. 
 
 Lecamus, Baron de Tresnes, who was councilor to the 
 Court of Paris; in 1816 he lived at Mme. de la Chanterie's, 
 on the Rue Chanoinesse. People knew him under the name 
 of Joseph ; he was one of the *' Brotherhood of Consolation," 
 in which also were Montauran, Alain, Abbe de Veze, and 
 Godefroid [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Lechesneau, appointed by the favor of Cambacerds and 
 Bonaparte, as attorney-general in Italy ; he was compelled, in 
 spite of his real capacity, to leave his post, owing to his 
 scandalous conduct as a gallant. At the end of the Republic 
 and the commencement of the Empire, he became the director 
 of the jury of accusation at Troyes. Lechesneau, who sided 
 with Malin, was, about 1806, engaged in the Hauteserre- 
 Simeuse-Michu affair [A Historical Mystery,;!^]. 
 
 Leclercq, a Burgundian, commission agent to the wine 
 merchants in the department about Ville-aux-Fayes ; one of 
 the sub-prefects of the same province ; he was under obliga- 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 315 
 
 tions to Gaubertin and Mme. Soudry, and also, perhaps, to 
 Rigou ; they on their side were equally obliged to him, A 
 partnership formed by him, "Leclercq & Co.," Quai de 
 Bethune, He Saint-Louis, Paris, enabled him to rival the 
 celebrated "firm of Grandets." Leclercq married, in 1815, 
 Mile. Jenny Gaubertin. The banker of the wine warehouse- 
 men, a regent of the Bank ; he was a deputy from the arron- 
 dissement of Ville-aux-Fayes and sat with the Left Centre, 
 during the Restoration ; about 1823 he acquired a magnificent 
 estate, reported to bring in thirty thousand francs per annum 
 [The Peasantry, JB]. 
 
 Leclercq, Madame, wife of the foregoing, nie Jenny 
 Gaubertin; the eldest daughter of Gaubertin, the steward at 
 the Aigues ; she received a dowry of one hundred thousand 
 francs [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Leclercq, the brother and brother-in-law of the two pre- 
 ceding ones, was, during the Restoration, a tax-collector at 
 Ville-aux-Fayes, and, like the other members of his family, 
 persecuted, more or less, Comte de Montcornet [The Peasan- 
 try, M\ 
 
 Lecocq, a tradesman of whom Guillaume of the " Cat and 
 Racket" said his failure was not surprising. This bank- 
 ruptcy was as the battle of Marengo to Guillaume [At the 
 Sign of the Cat and Racket, f]. 
 
 Lecceur, at the end of the Restoration and under Louis- 
 Philippe, at Nemours, a process-server whose practice Goupil 
 bought after the other's failure [Ursule Mirouet, JBT]. 
 
 Lecuyer was, at Bordeaux, Maitre Solonet's head clerk ; 
 he succeeded him in 1827 [A Marriage Settlement, a(l\. 
 
 Lefebvre, Louis Lambert's uncle, successively an Ora- 
 torian, a priest who had taken the oath, and cure of Mer, a 
 little town situated on the Blois. Of a fine nature and with a 
 heart of rare tenderness, he took great care of the infancy and 
 growth of his remarkable nephew. The Abbe Lefebvre after- 
 ward lived at Blois, the Restoration revoking his curacy, 
 
316 COMPENDIUM 
 
 About 1822, under the form of a letter, he sent the first fruits 
 of his writings to Croisic and dedicated them to Cambremer. 
 The following year, when apparently very old, he told, in a pub- 
 lic vehicle, of the frightful suffering, intermingled with intel- 
 lectual grandeur, that preceded the death of Louis Lambert 
 [Louis Lambert, u — A Seaside Tragedy, e]. 
 
 Lefebvre, Robert, a French painter well known in the 
 time of the first Empire. In 1806 he painted Michu's por- 
 trait for Laurence de Cinq-Cygne [A Historical Mystery, j^]. 
 Among the very considerable number of works of Robert 
 Lefebvre figures a portrait of Hulot d'Ervy in the uniform of 
 a commissary of provender in the Imperial Guards. This 
 work is dated 18 10 [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Leganes, Marquise de, a Spanish grandee; married and 
 the father of two daughters, Clara and Mariquita ; and three 
 sons, Juanito, Philippe, and Manuel. He showed his patriotism 
 in the war sustained against the French under the Empire, and 
 died under harrowing and tragic circumstances, which were 
 involuntarily provoked by Mariquita. The Marquis de Le- 
 ganes perished by the hand of the eldest of his children, who 
 was condemned to perform the office of executioner [The 
 Executioner, e\ 
 
 Leganes, Marquise de, wife of the preceding and destined 
 like him to perish by the hand of Juanito, her eldest son ; he 
 was spared this horrible deed of the war by her death* [The 
 Executioner, e\. 
 
 Leganes, Clara de, daughter of the above ; she submitted 
 to the death inflicted by the hand of her brother, the same as 
 the Marquis de Leganes [The Executioner, e\. 
 
 Leganes, Mariquita de, sister of the foregoing, who saved 
 Victor Marchand, a major in the French Infantry, from a 
 great danger in 1808; he desired to return acknowledgments 
 for this and endeavored to gain pardon for the Legands ; this 
 was only granted on an atrociously cruel condition, which was 
 * A number of dramas have been written on this affair. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 317 
 
 that one of the family should act as the executioner of the 
 remainder [The Executioner, e\. 
 
 Leganes, Juanito de, brother and son of the foregoing 
 of the same name; born in 1778. Little and ill-made, he 
 had a proud, disdainful air and noble manner; gentle and 
 delicate in feeling, he was also famous as a Spanish gallant. 
 Upon the insistence of his proud family he consented to exe- 
 cute his father, his two sisters, and his two brothers. Juanito 
 was preserved from death in order to continue his race [The 
 Executioner, e\. 
 
 Leganes, Philippe de, younger brother of the preceding, 
 born about 1788. A noble Spaniard, condemned to death; 
 was executed by his eldest brother, in 1808, during the war 
 against the French [The Executioner, e\. 
 
 Leganes, Manuel de, born in i860; the last of five 
 descendants of the Leganes house ; like them he perished by 
 the hand of his brother, Juanito de Leganes [The Execu- 
 tioner, e\. 
 
 Leger, a large farmer of Beaumont-sur-Oise ; he married 
 the daughter of Reybert, who succeeded Moreau as steward at 
 Presles, which belonged to the Comte de Serizy ; by her he 
 had one daughter, who became Mme. Joseph Bridau, in 1838 
 [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Legras, Ferdinand du Tillet*s cashier in 1818 [Cesar 
 Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Legrelu, a fine man, tall, and bald-headed ; he was a wine- 
 dealer, at the corner of the Rues des Canettes and Guisarde, 
 Paris; he supplied Father Toupillier, Mme. Cardinal's un- 
 cle, the '^beggar at Saint-Sulpice's church" [The Middle 
 Classes, ee\- 
 
 Lelewel, a revolutionary of the nineteenth century ; the 
 head of the Polish republican party in Paris, 1835 ; he was 
 the friend of Dr. Moise Halpersohn [The Imaginary Mis- 
 tress, /i— The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Lemarchand. See Tours-Minieres, des. 
 
318 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Lemire, professor of drawing at the Imperial Lyceum, 
 Paris, in 1812; he was assured that this was Joseph Bridau's 
 vocation; he informed the future painter's mother, who was 
 struck with consternation [A Bachelor's Establishment, e7]. 
 
 Lempereur, in 1819, clerk to Charles Claparon, *'a man 
 of straw," who acted for du Tillet, Roguin and company; on 
 the Rue Chaussee-d'Antin, Paris [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Lemprun, born in 1745, son-in-law of the truck-gardener 
 Galard, of Auteuil. He was successively attached to the firms 
 of Thelusson and Keller, Paris; he was probably the first 
 messenger employed by the Bank of France, for his service 
 there dated from its foundation. He there knew Brigitte 
 Thuillier, and his only daughter, Celeste, married Brigitte's 
 brother, Louis-Jerome Thuillier. M. Lemprun died the fol- 
 lowing year [The Middle Classes, ee\> 
 
 Lemprun, Madame, wife of the foregoing, the daughter 
 of Galard the truck-gardener, of Auteuil ; the mother of Mme. 
 Celeste Thuillier, her only child. She lived in the village of 
 Auteuil* from 1815 to 1829, the year of her death. In that 
 place she raised and looked after Cdleste Phellion, daughter of 
 L. J. Thuillier and Mme. Colleville. Mme. Lemprun left a 
 small fortune, which was administered by Mile. Brigitte Thuil- 
 lier ; Mme. Lemprun had been the heiress of her father, M. 
 Galard. This Lemprun succession amounted to twenty thou- 
 sand francs of savings and a house which sold for twenty-eight 
 thousand francs [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Lemulquinier, originally from Flanders ; his name came 
 from the linen merchants of that province, who were called 
 *' Mulquiniers." He lived at Douai, where he was Balthazar 
 Claes* valet; he encouraged and seconded the foolish re- 
 searches of his master, in spite of the coolness and avowed 
 opposition of the women of the family. Lemulquinier at the 
 
 * Since i860 included in Paris, becoming one of the quarters of the 
 sixteenth arrondissement. 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 319 
 
 same time sacrificed to M. Claes all that he possessed [The 
 Quest of the Absolute, X>]. 
 
 Lenoncourt, De, born about 1708, a marshal of France, 
 first a marquis, and then duke ; he was the friend of Victor- 
 Amedee de Verneuil, and received Marie de Verneuil, the 
 natural daughter of his old comrade, at the latter's death. He 
 falsely passed for being the young girl's lover. The septua- 
 genarian refused to marry her and emigrated ; he arrived at 
 Coblentz without her [The Chouans, Ji\ 
 
 Lenoncourt, Due de, Mme. de Mortsauf *s father. The 
 beginning of the Restoration was the brilliant epoch of his 
 life. He obtained a peerage, owned a mansion in Paris, on 
 the Rue Saint-Dominique-Saint-Germain;* he protected and 
 found a place for Birotteau, after his failure. Lenoncourt 
 enjoyed the favor of Louis XVHL ; was first gentleman of 
 the bedchamber; he welcomed Victurnien d'Esgrignon, to 
 whom he was somewhat allied. The Due de Lenoncourt was, 
 in 1835, at the Princesse de Cadignan'swhen de Marsay exposed 
 the political reasons for the mysterious abduction of Gondre- 
 ville. Tliree years later he died of old age [The Lily of the 
 Valley, i — The Collection of Antiquities, aa — A Historical 
 Mystery, ;lf— Beatrix, P]. 
 
 Lenoncourt, Duchesse de, wife of the foregoing, born 
 in 1758 ; a cold, lean person, dissimulating and ambitious ; she 
 was scarcely ever tender and pleasant with her daughter, who 
 became Mme. de Mortsauf [The Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 Lenoncourt-Givry, Due de, the last son of M. and 
 Mme. de Chaulieu ; he one time followed a military career. 
 The titles and names were joined when about 1827 he married 
 Madeleine de Mortsauf [Letters of Two Brides, t?]. The 
 Due de Lenoncourt-Givry made a brilliant show in Paris, in 
 the time of Louis-Philippe ; he was invited to Jos^pha Mirah's 
 inauguration f8te, on the Rue de la Ville-l'Evgque [Cousin 
 Betty, ic;]. The following year he was indirectly concerned 
 * Since 1838 simply Saint-Dominique. 
 
320 COMPENDIUM 
 
 in the duel which Sallenauve fought, for Marie Gaston, with 
 the duke's brother-in-law [The Deputy for Arcis, I>jy\. 
 
 Lenoncourt-Givry, Duchesse de, wife of the preceding, 
 whose Christian name was Madeleine. Mme. de Lenoncourt- 
 Givry was one of the two children of the Comte and Comtesse 
 de Mortsauf. She was nearly the last surviving one of her 
 family, her mother dying while she was yet young, and later 
 she lost her brother Jacques. Raised in Touraine, she there 
 knew, when a young girl, Felix de Vandenesse, to whom she 
 never spoke after she was orphaned. Her inheritance, titles, 
 names, and estates brought about her marriage with the 
 youngest son of M. and Mme. de Chaulieu, 1827; this also 
 brought her the friendship of the Grandlieus, one daughter of 
 whom accompanied her to Italy about May, 1830. During 
 the first day's journey, near Bouron, she saw the arrest of 
 Lucien Chardon de Rubempre [The Lily of the Valley, i — 
 Letters of Two Brides, V — The Harlot's Progress, Y^Z\ 
 
 Lenormand was, at Paris, a clerk of the court, during the 
 Restoration ; he rendered Comte Octave de Bauvan the service 
 of passing as the owner of a house, on the Rue Saint-Maur, of 
 which that high statesman was the real proprietor, in which 
 dwelt Honorine de Bauvan, his wife, who dwelt apart from 
 that powerful personage [Honorine, A?]. 
 
 Leon was the name of a non-commissioned officer who 
 ravished Aquilina de la Garde* from Castanier. He was 
 executed September 21, 1822, on the Place de Grdve, Paris, 
 with Bories, the sergeant-major, and two sergeants of the 45th 
 regiment of the line [Melmoth Reconciled, d\ 
 
 Leopold, who figures in Albert Savarus* novel "I'Ambi- 
 tieux par Amour," was Maitre Leopold Hannequin. The 
 author gave him — either real or inventive — a lively passion 
 for Rodolphe's mother \ the autobiographical novel was pub- 
 lished in *'la Revue de I'Est" in Louis-Philippe's reign 
 [Albert Savaron, /]. 
 
 * She died, without a doubt, in 1864. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 321 
 
 Lepas, Madame, for a long time an innkeeper at Ven- 
 dome; she had the physique of a Fleming; knew M. and 
 Mme. de Merret, and gave information about them to Horace 
 Bianchon, for she provided lodgings for Comte Bagos de 
 Feredia, who died so tragically. She could also have told the 
 author who, under the title of *' Valentine," presented on the 
 Gymnase-Dramatique stage the story of the adultery and pun- 
 ishment of Josephine de Merret. The Vendome hostess also 
 pretended that she had entertained princesses, M. Decazes, 
 General Bertrand, the King of Spain, the Due and Duchesse 
 d'Abrantes, etc. [The Great Bretdche, I — Another Study of 
 Woman, V\. 
 
 Lepitre, a fervent Royalist, was in relationship with M. 
 de Vandenesse, when he would have fled from the Temple 
 Marie-Antoinette. Soon after, under the Empire, he became 
 the head of an institution in the old hotel Joyeuse, Saint- 
 Antoine quarter, Paris ; among Lepitre's pupils was one of M. 
 de Vandenesse's sons, Felix. Lepitre was fat and club-footed 
 [The Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 Lepitre, Madame, wife of the foregoing ; she looked after 
 Felix de Vandenesse [The Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 Lepressoir or Lapressoir, the notary of the Liberals 
 of Alengon in 1816 ; he had a clerk who soon after became a 
 notary and succeeded Maitre Chesnel [The Old Maid, aa\. 
 
 Leprince, M. and Madame. M. Leprince was an auctioneer 
 and appraiser at Paris about the end of the Empire and the 
 commencement of the Restoration. He afterward sold his 
 practice for a good price ; but being caught by one of Nucin- 
 gen's liquidations, he lost by speculating on the Bourse all the 
 benefits that he had realized. The father-in-law of Xavier 
 Rabourdin, he risked his all in perilous enterprises in order 
 to augment the well-being of his son-in-law's household, but 
 he died impoverished under Louis XVHL He left some 
 beautiful pictures, which ornamented the salon of his children 
 on the Rue Duphot. Mme. Leprince died before the ruin of 
 21 
 
322 ' COMPENDIUM 
 
 the auctioneer; she was a distinguished woman, a natural 
 artist ; she worshiped and spoiled her only child Celestine, 
 who became Mme. Xavier Rabourdin ; to her she commu- 
 nicated her tastes and developed them in the young girl ; it 
 was perhaps indiscreet to give her an instinct for intelligent 
 luxury and refinement [Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Leroi, Pierre, called Marche-a-Terre, a Chouan of Fou- 
 geres, in which he played an important part during the civil 
 war of 1799 in Brittany; there he manifested both bravery 
 and cruelty. He survived the drama of those times, for he is 
 found at Alen9on about 1809, when Cibot (Pille-Miche) was 
 brought before the court as a Chauffeur and attempted to fly. 
 About twenty years later, 1827, the said Pierre Leroi was 
 quietly trading in cattle in the markets of his province [The 
 Chouans, jB— The Seamy Side of History, T— The Old 
 Maid, aal. 
 
 Leroi, Madame, mother of the foregoing, had been ill and 
 was cured by going to Fougeres and praying under the Patte- 
 d'Oie oak, which was adorned with a beautiful wooden image 
 of the Virgin, erected to recall the apparition of Sainte-Anne 
 d'Auray at that spot [The Chouans, ^]. 
 
 L#eseigneur de Rouville, Baronne, the widow without 
 pension of the captain of a vessel, who died in Batavia, under 
 the Republic, during a fight against an English ship. The 
 mother of Mme. Hippolyte Schinner. At the beginning of 
 the nineteenth century she lived at Paris with Adelaide, her 
 daughter, who was unmarried. She was a tenant of Molineux's 
 on the Rue de Surene, near the Madeleine, where she occupied 
 a poor, dark lodging on the fourth floor. There she frequently 
 received Hippolyte Schinner, du Halga, and de Kergarouet. 
 From the two latter she was often delicately made the recip- 
 ient of their discreet sympathy, and never suspected the pre- 
 arrangement which caused it [The Purse, p\. 
 
 L#eseigneur, AdelaTde. See Schinner, Mme. Hippolyte. 
 
 Lesourd married the eldest daughter of Mme. Guen^e, 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 323 
 
 Provins, and, about the end of the Restoration, presided over 
 the court in that town, where he had once been the public 
 prosecutor. About 1828 he defended Pierrette Lorrain and 
 made manifest his feelings against the heads of local liberalism 
 which was represented by Rogron, Vinet, and Gouraud [Pier- 
 rette, i]. 
 
 Lesourd, Madame, wife of the foregoing and eldest 
 daughter of Mme. Guenee ; for a long time she was called in 
 Provins "the little Madame Lesourd" [Pierrette, i]. 
 
 Leveille, Jean-Francois, a notary at Alengon ; the in- 
 corrigible correspondent of the Royalists of Normandy under 
 the Empire ; he provided arms for them ; received the nick- 
 name of '' the confessor" ; during the year 1809 he suffered 
 capital punishment, following a judgment rendered by Bour- 
 lac [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Levrault, enriched in the hardware business in Paris; 
 died in 1813 ; he had been the owner of the Nemours' house 
 in which he lived after Dr. Minoret, at the beginning of 181 5 
 [Ursule Mirouet, H ]. 
 
 Levrault-Cremiere belonged to the above family ; for- 
 merly a miller; he became a Royalist under the Restora- 
 tion; was mayor of Nemours in 1829 and 1830, and was re- 
 placed, during the Revolution of July, by Cr^miere-Dionis, 
 the notary [Ursule Mirouet, Il\ 
 
 Levrault-Levrault, the eldest son, so designated to 
 establish a distinction between the numerous homonyms and 
 relatives; he was a butcher at Nemours, in 1820, during the 
 time of Mile. Ursule Mirouet's persecutions [Ursule Miro- 
 uet, J]. 
 
 Levroux, an attorney of Mantes; he was succeeded by 
 Maitre Fraisier [Cousin Pons, a?]. 
 
 Le"win, Lord Charles Philip ; at Florence he met Marie 
 Gaston, widower of Louise de Chaulieu ; he formed a great 
 attachment and friendship for the poet ; he went to see him 
 at Ville-d'Avray, and, in 1839, when Gaston had gone crazy, 
 
324 COMPENDIUM 
 
 he took him to the lunatic asylum at Hanwell, which was 
 managed by Dr. Ellis [The Deputy for Arcis, lyj), JEJE]. 
 
 Lfiautard; Abbe, in the early years of the nineteenth 
 century, was the head of an institution at Paris, where amongst 
 his pupils he had Godefroid, the guest of Mme. de la Chan- 
 terie, in 1836, and a future initiate of the Brotherhood of 
 Consolation [The Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Lina, Due de, Italian. In the early years of the century 
 he was one of la Marana's lovers, she who was Mme. Diard's 
 mother [The Maranas, e]. 
 
 Lindet, Jean-Baptiste-Robert, called Robert. A mem- 
 ber of the legislative assembly and the Convention ; born at 
 Bernay in 1743, died at Paris in 1825 ; minister of Finances 
 under the Republic; he found places for Antoine and the 
 Poiret brothers; he had a position in the Treasury nearly 
 twenty years later [Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Lisieux, Francois, called Grand-Fils ; a "refractory" in 
 the department of Mayenne ; a Chauffeur under the first Em- 
 pire and compromised in the Royalist movement in the West 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Listomere, Marquis de, son of the ''old Marquis de 
 Listomere," a deputy of the majority under Charles X.; he 
 received the peerage ; the husband of the eldest Mile, de Van- 
 denesse, his cousin. One evening, in 1828, in his hotel on 
 the Rue Saint-Dominique, he was quietly reading "la Gazette 
 de France," and did not in the least notice the flirtations of 
 his wife with Eugene de Rastignac, then twenty-five years old 
 [The Lily of the Valley, i— Lost Illusions, ^— A Study of 
 Woman, a]. 
 
 Listomere, Marquise de, wife of the foregoing; the 
 eldest daughter of M. de Vandenesse, one of the two sisters 
 of Charles and Felix. Like her husband and cousin she was 
 a shining light at the beginning of the Restoration, of which 
 she was one of the types, conciliating religion and the world ; 
 she received the reward of this policy; she dissimulated in 
 
. COM&DIE HUMAINE. 325 
 
 her youth by making a parade of austerity. Nevertheless her 
 mask fell off about 1828, at the time of Mme. de Mortsauf's 
 death, when, to her loss, she thought of allowing Eugene de 
 Rastignac to pay court to her. Under Louis-Philippe, she 
 took part in a conspiracy intended to throw her sister-in- 
 law, Marie de Vandenesse, into the arras of Raoul Nathan 
 [The Lily of the Valley, i — A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, Ji— A Study of Woman, a— A Daughter of Eve, F]. 
 
 Listomere, Marquise de, the mother and mother-in-law 
 of the two preceding ones ; she was a Grandlieu. When very 
 old she lived on the He Saint-Louis, Paris, during the early 
 years of the nineteenth century. During the last days preced- 
 ing her death she received her grand-nephew, Felix de Van- 
 denesse, then a scholar, when he was alarmed by the frozen, 
 solemn aspect of those who surrounded that austere person 
 [The Lily of the Valley, X]. 
 
 Listomere, Baronne de, had been the wife of a lieu- 
 tenant-general. A widow, she lived in the town of Tours, 
 under the Restoration, and there assumed the grand air of 
 past centuries. She assisted the brothers Birotteau. In 1823 
 she received the army paymaster, Gravier, and the terrible 
 Spanish husband who, in 1808, killed the French surgeon 
 Bega. Mme. de Listomere died while vainly trying to have 
 Francois Birotteau's legacy restored to him [The Abbe Birot- 
 teau, i — Cesar Birotteau, O — Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Listomere, Baron de, nephew of the foregoing, born 
 in 1791 ; we know him successively as a lieutenant and the 
 captain of a vessel. During his furlough, passed with his aunt 
 at Tours, he began by intervening in favor of the persecuted 
 Abbe Francois Birotteau, but took the other side of the argu- 
 ment when he comprehended the power and influence of the 
 Congregation, and that the priest was a legatee in the Baronne 
 de Listomere's will [The Abbe Birotteau, -i]. 
 
 Listomere, Comtesse de, an old woman of the faubourg 
 Saint-Honore, Paris, in 1839. ^^ ^^ Austrian ambassador's 
 
326 COMPENDIUM 
 
 she met Rastignac, Mme. de Nucingen, du Tillet, and Maxime 
 de Trailles [The Deputy for Arcis, 1>X)]. 
 
 Listomere-Landon, Marquise de, born in Provence 
 about 1744; *'a woman of the eighteenth century," she had 
 been the friend of Duclos and de Richelieu. For some time 
 she lived in the town of Tours ; she there gave counsel and 
 advice to her young niece by marriage, the Marquise Victor 
 d'Aiglemont ; unfortunately this was put an end to by the 
 return of the Due d'Angouleme in 1814 [A Woman of 
 Thirty, S\ 
 
 Livingston, at Paris, in the faubourg du Temple, set up 
 the hydraulic press in Cesar Birotteau's factory, which was 
 intended to extract the celebrated *' Cephalic Oil " from hazel- 
 nuts [Cesar Birotteau, O]- 
 
 Lolotte, one of the most beautiful '* marchers" of the 
 opera. She was at Paris, under the Restoration, the mistress 
 of Jean-Jacques Rouget, when he nearly died in her arms at 
 Florentine's [A Bachelor's Establishment, «/]. 
 
 Lolotte. See Topinard, Madame. 
 
 Longueville, De, a noble and illustrious family whose 
 last young shoot belonged to the latest and younger branch, 
 being the Due de Rostein-Limbourg, executed in 1793 ['The 
 Sceaux Ball, u\. 
 
 Longueville, a deputy, under Charles X. ; the son of a 
 barrister, he invariably preceded his name with the particle. 
 M. Longueville was interested in the firm of Palma, Werbrust 
 & Co.; the father of Auguste, Maximilien, and Clara; he 
 desired a peerage himself, and would have liked his eldest son 
 to have married a minister's daughter, endowing him with an 
 income of fifty thousand francs [The Sceaux Ball, ii\. 
 
 Longueville, Auguste, son of the foregoing, born in the 
 latter part of the eighteenth century ; he was endowed with 
 an income of fifty thousand francs ; he probably married the 
 daughter of a minister ; was secretary of an embassy. During 
 a vacation he saw Mme. Emilie de Vandenesse in Paris and 
 
COMiDIE HUMATNE. 327 
 
 he confided the secret of his family to her. He died young, 
 during a mission to Russia [The Sceaux Ball, iC\. 
 
 Longueville, Maximilien, one of the three children of 
 M. Longueville, sacrificed for his brother and sister ; he went 
 into trade, living on the Rue du Sentier — which was even 
 then no longer the Rue du Gros-Chenet — an employe in a 
 wealthy dry-goods house situated near the Rue de la Paix. 
 He worshiped Emilie de Fontaine, who became Mme. Charles 
 de Vandenesse, with a passion which was also reciprocated, 
 but which ceased so to be when the young damsel found that 
 he was simply a dry-goods clerk. The death of his father and 
 brother made him a banker, ennobled him, made him a peer, 
 and finally he became the Vicomte Guiraudin de Longueville 
 [The Sceaux Ball, u\ 
 
 Longueville, Clara, sister and daughter of the foregoing, 
 born under the Empire ; she was a delicate, fresh, and noble 
 young girl at the time of the Restoration ; the companion 
 and protege of her brother, Maximilien, the future Vicomte 
 Guiraudin, she was warmly welcomed at the pavilion of the 
 Planats de Baudry, situated in the Sceaux valley, where she 
 visited the youngest heiress, then unmarried, of Comte de 
 Fontaine [The Sceaux Ball, \C\. 
 
 Longuy was one of the leading insurrectionists in the 
 West of France during the end of the eighteenth century and 
 the early years of the nineteenth [The Seamy Side of His- 
 tory, T\ 
 
 Lora, Leon de, born in 1806, one of the noblest families 
 of Roussillon, of Spanish origin, son of the aught but wealthy 
 Comte Fernand Didas y Lora and of Leonie de Lora, nee 
 Gazonal. The younger brother of Don Juan de Lora, nephew 
 of Urraca y Lora ; at an early age he left his native country, 
 and his family for a long time heard nothing of him. He 
 never informed them of himself. He went to Paris and was 
 admitted into the painter Schinner's studio, where, under his 
 sobriquet of Mistigris, he became famous by his genius and 
 
328 COMPENDIUM 
 
 witty sallies. In 1820 he went with Joseph Bridau to the 
 mansion of Comte de Serizy's, at Presles, in the valley of the 
 Oise. Soon after Leon protected his very sympathetic, but 
 very mediocre comrade, Pierre Grassou. About 1830 he be- 
 came famous. Arthez confided the decoration of a castle to 
 him and Leon showed himself a master. Some years after- 
 ward he made the tour of Italy with Felicite des Touches and 
 Claud Vignon. Present at the recital of the domestic mis- 
 fortunes of the Bauvans, Lora very finely analyzed Honorine's 
 character before M. de I'Hostal. Leon attended all the fStes 
 like one in society, and at one installation inauguration — 
 that of Mile. Brisetout on the Rue Chauchat — he met Bixiou, 
 Etienne Lousteau, Stidmann, and Vernisset. He frequented 
 the Hulots and their circle; assisted by Joseph Bridau, he 
 took W. Steinbock out of Clichy debtor's prison ; he was 
 present at Steinbock's wedding, when he married Hortense 
 Hulot, and was invited to Valerie Marneffe's second marriage. 
 At that time he was the greatest living landscape and marine 
 painter ; the king of punsters ; of an unbridled life, and 
 Bixiou's follower. Fabien du Ronceret gave him instructions 
 to ornament an apartment of his on the Rue Blanche. Rich, 
 illustrious, and a neighbor of Joseph Bridau and Schinner, on 
 the Rue de Berlin, a member of the Institute and an officer 
 of the Legion of Honor, Leon received his cousin, Palafox 
 Gazonal, when, flanked by Bixiou, they met Ninette, Jenny 
 Cadine, Marius, Ossian, Massol, Masson, Giraud, Vignon, 
 Carabine, Rastignac, Dubourdieu, Mme. Nourrisson, and 
 Mme. Fontaine* [The Unconscious Mummers, u — A Bach- 
 elor's Establishment, J— A Start in Life, s — Pierre Gras- 
 sou, V — Honorine, h — Cousin Betty, w — Beatrix, J?]. 
 
 Lora, Don Juan de, eldest brother of the preceding ; he 
 lived his whole life at Roussillon, his native country; he 
 
 * The biography of L6on de Lora passes in silence a revelation, with- 
 out doubt imaginary, made by Mme. Nourrisson on the intimate relations 
 existing between the artist and Antonia Chocardelle. 
 
comAdie HUMAINE. 329 
 
 spoke of " the little Leon," his younger brother, before their 
 cousin, Palafox Gazonal [The Unconscious Mummers, Vl\. 
 
 Loraux, Abbe, born in 1752; of great gentleness and 
 delicacy of mind, but wrapped around in an ungraceful exte- 
 rior. The confessor of the pupils of the college of Henri IV., 
 and also of Agathe Bridau; for twenty-two years he was the 
 vicar of Saint-Sulpice, Paris ; Cesar Birotteau's spiritual direc- 
 tor, in 1 81 8; in 18 19 he became the cure at the Blanco- 
 Manteaux, a parish in the Marais. He was then a neighbor 
 of Octave de Bauvan's, in whose house, about 1824, he was 
 able to place his nephew and adopted son, M. de I'Hostal. 
 Loraux attended Honorine when she returned home to Bau- 
 van ; she became penitent and died in 1830, watched over by 
 him [A Start in Life, s — A Bachelor's Establishment, J— 
 Cesar Birotteau, O — Honorine, lz\. 
 
 Lorrain, a little retailer at Pen-Hoel at the beginning of 
 the nineteenth century. He was married, and had a son who 
 also had an establishment; on the son's death he succored the 
 family — consisting of one child, Pierrette, and a widow — 
 which he left. Lorrain soon afterward was completely ruined 
 and took refuge in an asylum for the necessitous poor, con- 
 fiding Pierrette, now fully orphaned, to her nearest relatives, 
 the Rogrons of Provins. Lorrain himself died before the 
 death of his wife [Pierrette, t]. 
 
 Lorrain, Madame, wife of the foregoing and grandmother 
 of Pierrette Lorrain, born about 1757. She lived with her 
 husband, whom she much resembled, until his death ; then, 
 when a widow, at the end of the Restoration, her broken for- 
 tunes were repaired by the return made by Collinet, of Nantes, 
 to her of a large amount due her. She went to Provins to 
 recover her grandchild, Pierrette, but found her dying; she 
 retired to Paris, where she did not long survive her, and made 
 Jacques Brigaut her heir [Pierrette, i]. 
 
 Lorrain, son of the above of the same name ; a Breton, 
 captain in the Imperial Guard, then a major in the line ; he 
 
330 COMPENDIUM 
 
 married the second daughter of Auffray, a grocer at Provins ; 
 by her he had Pierrette, and died without fortune on the field 
 of battle, at Montereau, February i8, 1814 [Pierrette, i\ 
 
 Lorrain, Madame, wife of the foregoing and Pierrette's 
 mother; nee Auffray in 1793; half-sister of the mother of 
 Sylvie and Denis Rogron, Provins. In 1814, a widow, poor 
 and yet very young, she withdrew from the home of the Lor- 
 rains, at Pen-Hoel, to Marais in Vendee, where, so it was 
 said, she was consoled by an ex-major of the Catholic army, 
 Brigaut ; she only survived three years after the sad marriage 
 of Mme. Neraud, the widow of Auffray, the maternal grand- 
 mother of Pierrette [Pierrette, i\ 
 
 Lorrain, Pierrette, daughter of the foregoing, born in 
 the market-town of Pen-Hoel in 1813. Orphaned of her 
 father at four months, and her mother when six years of age. 
 She had an adorable nature, delicate and spontaneous. After 
 a happy childhood passed with her excellent grandparents 
 and a young companion, Jacques Brigaut, she was sent to her 
 cousins-german of Provins, the wealthy Rogrons, who became 
 her unconscious tyrants. Pierrette died on Easter Tuesday, 
 March, 1828, from an illness caused by the brutality of her 
 cousin, Sylvie Rogron, who had conceived a ferocious jealousy 
 of her. A judicial trial against her murderers followed this 
 event, but, in spite of the efforts of old Mme. Lorrain, Jacques 
 Brigaut, Martener, Desplein, and Bianchon, this was foiled by 
 the influence cunningly exercised by Vinet [Pierrette, i]. 
 
 Louchard, the most skillful of the commercial police in 
 Paris ; he was commissioned by Frederic de Nucingen to find 
 Esther van Gobseck, who had escaped him. He had relations 
 with Maitre Fraisier [The Harlot's Progress, T— Cousin 
 Pons, 05]. 
 
 Louchard, Madame, the separated wife of the foregoing; 
 she became a " lorette," and knew Mme. Komorn de Godollo, 
 and, about 1840, gave information about her to Theodose de 
 la Peyrade [The Middle Classes, ee]. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 331 
 
 Loudon, Prince de, a general in the Vendean cavalry; 
 he lived at the Mans during the Terror. He was brother to 
 a Verneuil who was guillotined. Was famous for his *' hardi- 
 hood " [The Chouans, IB — Modeste Mignon, ^]. 
 
 LfOudon, Prince Gaspard de, born in 1791, the third 
 son and only surviving child of fout children given the Due 
 de Verneuil ; fat and commonplace, he pitifully carried the 
 name of the famous cavalry general ; he probably became 
 Desplein's son-in-law. In 1829 he assisted at a grand hunt 
 in Normandy with the Herouvilles, the Cadignans, and the 
 Mignons de la Bastie [Modeste Mignon, ^]. 
 
 Louis XVIII., Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, born at Ver- 
 sailles, November 16, 1754; died September 16, 1824, King 
 of France. He was in political correspondence with Alphonse 
 de Montauran, Malin de Gondreville, and, some time before 
 this, under the name of Comte de Lille, with Baronne de la 
 Chanterie. He appreciated the police-spy Peyrade, whom he 
 protected. King Louis XVIII. , as the friend of Comte de 
 Fontaine, took Felix de Vandenesse as his secretary. His 
 last mistress was the Comtesse Ferraud [The Chouans, J5 — 
 The Seamy Side of History, T — A Historical Mystery, ff — 
 The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z— The Sceaux Ball, i«— The Lily 
 of the Valley, L — Colonel Chabert, i, — Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Louise, toward the end of the reign of Louis-Philippe, 
 chambermaid to Mme. W. Steinbock, Rue Louis-le-Grand, 
 Paris; courted by Hulot d'Ervy's cook at the time when 
 Agathe Piquetard, who became the second Baronne Hulot, 
 was dismissed from his service [Cousin Betty, w^ 
 
 Lourdois, during the Empire a wealthy master painter of 
 buildings. During the Restoration he had an income of 
 thirty thousand francs; he was a Liberal in politics. He 
 sought for payment for his work which he had done in the 
 famous decorations of Cesar Birotteau's apartments, and was 
 invited, together with his wife and daughter, to the famous ball, 
 December 17, i8i8; later he coolly welcomed the perfumer 
 
332 COMPENDIUM 
 
 after his failure [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket, t — C6sar 
 Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Lousteau, a substitute judge at Issoudun, and successively 
 the intimate friend and enemy of Dr. Rouget, because it was 
 possible that he was the father of Mile. Agathe Rouget, who 
 became Mme. Bridau. Lousteau died in 1800 [A Bachelor's 
 Establishment, J\ 
 
 Lousteau, Etienne, son of the foregoing ; born at San- 
 cerre in 1799 ; nephew of Maximilienne Hochon, nee Lousteau. 
 Impelled into a sort of literary vocation, he sought his fortune 
 in Paris about 1819; he made a beginning with poetry, and 
 was the collaborator of Victor Ducange in a melodrama pre- 
 sented on the Gaite stage in 182 1. He took the editorship 
 of a petty theatrical newspaper of which Andoche Finot was 
 the owner. He then had two residences : one in the Latin 
 quarter, Rue du la Harpe,* over the Cafe Servel ; the other 
 situated on the Rue de Bondy, the house of Florine, his mis- 
 tress. He was at one time, through no fault of his, the fellow- 
 guest of Daniel d' Arthez at Flicoteaux's, and oftener of Lucien 
 de Rubempre, whom he addressed and piloted to Dauriat 
 and introduced to that man, who congratulated him on his 
 first attempt, but regretted that he was unable to serve him. 
 For a payment of one thousand francs a month, Lousteau dis- 
 encumbered Philippe Bridau of his wife, Flore Bridau, and 
 threw her into the society of prostitutes. He was at the 
 opera-ball, 1824, on the evening when Blondet, Bixiou, Ras- 
 tignac, Jacques Collin, Chatelet, and Mme. d'Espard surprised 
 Lucien de Rubempre with Esther van Gobseck. Lousteau 
 wrote skits, little romances, made the criticisms,collaborated on 
 divers reviews, and had a gazette with Raoul Nathan ; he then 
 lived on the Rue des Martyrs and was Mme. Schontz's lover. 
 He had some thoughts of being elected deputy for Sancerre ; 
 he kept up a long liaison with Dinah de la Baudraye ; failed 
 in his efforts to marry Mme. Berthier — then Felicie Cardot ; 
 * This street has been much shortened. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE, 333 
 
 had children by Mme. de la Baudraye and wrote of the birth 
 of the eldest as follows: "Mme. la Baronne de La Baudraye 
 is happily delivered of a son. M. Etienne Lousteau has the 
 pleasure of informing you of the fact. The mother and child 
 are doing well." During this liaison, Lousteau for the sum of 
 five hundred francs wrote a discourse on a horticultural exposi- 
 tion for Fabien du Ronceret. He is seen at Mme. Brisetout's, 
 on the Rue Chauchat, hanging around the soup pot ; he ob- 
 jected to the end or the moral of the ** Prince of Bohemia," 
 written by Dinah and Nathan. When Mme. de la Baudraye 
 left him Lousteau continued on in the same life; it was 
 scarcely changed. He heard Maitre Desroches tell of an 
 exploit of Cerizet's ; saw Mme. Marneffe married to Crevel ; 
 managed the " Echo de la Bidvre " ; and partook the manage- 
 ment of a theatre with Ridal, the vaudevilliste [A Distinguished 
 Provincial at Paris, JSfl — The Harlot's Progress, Y^-A Daugh- 
 ter of Eve, F^— Beatrix, JP — Muse of the Department, CC — 
 Cousin Betty, w — A Prince of Bohemia, FF — A Man of 
 Business, I — The Middle Classes, ee — The Unconscious 
 Mummers, li\. 
 
 Lousteau-Prangin, a distant relation of the foregoing 
 ones of the former name. About 1822 a judge in the court 
 at Issoudun ; the father of one son ; a friend of Maxence Gilet 
 and probably one of the Knights of Idlesse [A Bachelor's 
 Establishment, J~\. 
 
 Lovelace, the name of two fictitious personages in " I'Am- 
 bitieux par Amour," an autobiographical novel by Albert 
 Savarus, published, under Louis-Philippe, in " la Revue de 
 I'Est" [Albert Savaron,/]. 
 
 Lucas was for a long time in the Estorades' service [Let- 
 ters of Two Brides, v — The Deputy for Arcis, DD^. 
 
 Luigia, a young and beautiful woman in the suburbs of 
 Rome, wife of Benedetto, who pretended to sell her. She 
 would have killed both herself and him, but she was saved. 
 Charles de Sallenauve (Dorlange) protected her, and received 
 
334 COMPENDIUM 
 
 her when she became a widow ; she was his housekeeper at 
 Paris about 1839. Luigia left her benefactor, slander having 
 attacked their reciprocally innocent situation. A born musi- 
 cian, endowed with a magnificent voice, she embarked on a 
 lyrical career after an attempt in Saint-Sulpice's Church. 
 She was welcomed with acclamation at the Italian opera- 
 house, London [The Deputy for Arcis, 2>1>_, 'E1E\ 
 
 Lupeaulx, Clement Chardin des, administrator and 
 politician; born about 1785; ennobled under Louis XV.; 
 his arms showed a wolf rampant , sable on a field oi gules — the 
 motto being : En lupus in historia. An ambitious man, 
 nearly every extreme met in his compromises \ he rendered 
 himself useful to Louis XVIIL in very delicate circumstances. 
 Numerous influential members of the aristocracy confided their 
 embarrassed affairs to his skillful management. He served as 
 the intermediary between the Due de Navarreins and Polydore 
 Milaud de la Baudraye, and became a sort of power which 
 seemed to Annette to frighten Charles Grandet. He accu- 
 mulated both functions and grades: was master of requests to 
 the council of State, secretary-general to the minister of 
 finance, colonel in the National Guard ; a member of the 
 King's household, he was, most of all, a chevalier of Saint- 
 Louis and an officer of the Legion of Honor. A brazen 
 Voltairean', he went to mass ; a Bertrand always searching for 
 a Raton. Egotistical and vain, a libertine and gourmand, this 
 man of spirit was very handy in all aff'airs of the world, a sort 
 of "housekeeper" to the ministry ever to the front in pleas- 
 ure and care, in 1825 ; he made gallant conquests and aimed 
 at political fortune. Esther van Gobseck and Flavie Colle- 
 ville are known to have been mistresses of his ; perhaps also 
 the Marquise d'Espard. We see him at the opera-ball, where 
 he saluted Lucien de Rubempre, in the winter of 1824. The 
 life of the secretary-general became somewhat modified at the 
 end of that year. Crippled with debts, in the power of Gob- 
 seck, Bidault, and Mitral, he was constrained to give one gf 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 335 
 
 the divisions in the Treasury to Isidore Baudoyer, in spite of 
 his heart's desire of ingratiating himself in Rabourdin's house- 
 hold, but he gained thereby a count's coronet and a seat as 
 deputy. His ambition was for the peerage, to be entitled a 
 gentleman of the King's bedchamber, become a member of 
 the Academy, and obtain the cross of commander. As a 
 friend of Vicomte Savinien de Portenduere, in the time of 
 his distress, he interceded with the usurers, whom he knew, 
 not to press that young man [Muse of the Department, CO — 
 Eugenie Grandet, J5J — A Bachelor's Establishment, J^ — 
 A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, JSL — Lost Illusions, 'N — 
 The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z— Ursule Mirouet, S^\ 
 
 LrUpeaulx, Des, nephew of the preceding, and, thanks to 
 him, appointed, in 1821, a sub-prefect at Ville-aux-Fayes, in 
 the department successively administered by Martial de la 
 Roche-Hugon and Casteran. Probably Gaubertin's son-in- 
 law ; wedded to the interests of his future family connections, 
 M. des Lupeaulx was unfriendly to Montcornet, the owner of 
 the Aigues [The Peasantry, _R]. 
 
 Lupin, born in 1778, son of the Soulanges' last steward ; 
 in his turn manager of their estates; notary and deputy- 
 mayor of the town of Soulanges. Although married and 
 having a family, M. Lupin was well enough preserved to still 
 shine brilliantly, about 1823, in Mme. Soudry's salon, where 
 he was famous for his counter-tenor voice and pretentious gal- 
 lantry; the latter was borne out by two liaisons with middle- 
 class women, Mme. Sarcus, wife of Sarcus le Riche, and Eu- 
 phemie Plissoud [The Peasantry, _R]. 
 
 Lupin, Madame, wife of the foregoing, called "Bebelle." 
 The only daughter of a salt-merchant who became wealthy 
 during the Revolution ; she was platonically loved by Bon- 
 nac, his head clerk. Mme. Lupin was fat, ill-made, very 
 commonplace, and of little intelligence ; so she was neglected 
 in the Soudry salon [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Lupin, Amaury, the only son of the foregoing; perhaps 
 
336 COMPENDIUM 
 
 the lover of Adeline Sarcus, who became Mme. Adolphe Sibi- 
 let; was on the point of marrying one of Gaubertin's daugh- 
 ters, but she, without doubt, desired and obtained M. des 
 Lupeaulx. Between that liaison and his matrimonial designs, 
 Amaury Lupin was sent to Paris by the paternal commands, 
 in order to there study in Maitre Crottat's office ; there he 
 had Georges Marest as fellow-clerk and comrade ; the two 
 ran into follies and debts in 1822. Amaury accompanied 
 him to the Silver Lion, Rue d'Enghien, faubourg Saint- 
 Denis, when Marest took Pierrotin's carriage ; they met Oscar 
 Husson and made merry about him. The year following, 
 Amaury Lupin returned to Soulanges [The Peasantry, JS — 
 A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 M 
 
 Machillot, Madame, kept a modest table d'hdte in Notre- 
 Dame-des-Champs quarter, Paris, 1838. Here Godefroid in- 
 tended dining, for it was near Bourlac's residence [The Seamy 
 Side of History, T\ 
 
 Macumer, Felipe Henarez, Baron de, a Spaniard of 
 Moorish origin, of whom Talleyrand furnished much informa- 
 tion. He had of right the following titles and designations : 
 Henarez, of the Dues de Soria, Baron de Macumer. He 
 never carried these full titles, for his youth was one succession 
 of devotion, sacrifices, and unjust charges. Macumer, one of 
 the authors of the Spanish revolution of 1823, saw this turned 
 against him : Ferdinand VIL was reestablished on the throne ; 
 he offered himself as a constitutional minister, without having 
 been pardoned. Confiscation and exile followed, and Felipe 
 sought refuge in Paris, where he had mean lodgings on the 
 Rue Hillerin-Bertin,* where he became a Spanish master to 
 support himself, in spite of his Sardinian barony, his great 
 
 * A portion of the Rue Bellechasse, which runs from the Rue de 
 Crenelle to the Rue de Varenne. 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 337 
 
 fiefs, and his palace at Sassari. His heart also suffered ; he 
 worshiped without return a woman who loved his own brother ; 
 he despoiled himself and gave his all to them. Under the 
 plain name of Henarez, he became Armande-Marie-Louise de 
 Chaulieu's professor. Macumer was smitten with his pupil 
 and was loved in return. He married her in March, 1825. 
 Alternatively the baron lived at or owned : Chantepleurs 
 chateau, a mansion on the Rue du Bac, and la Crampade, 
 the provincial residence of Louis de I'Estorade. The foolish 
 jealousy of Mme. de Macumer poisoned his life and ruined 
 Felipe's health ; she idolized him in spite of his characteristic 
 ugliness. He died in 1829 [Letters of Two Brides, F]. 
 
 Macumer, Baronne de. See Gaston, Madame Marie. 
 
 Madeleine, Theodore Calvi's significant nickname. 
 
 Madeleine, the name given by Vinet to each of his ser- 
 vants [Vautrin's Last Avatar, z — Cousin Pons, x\ 
 
 Madou, Angelique, a fat, passionate woman, *'one of 
 the people," and, although quite ignorant, expert in her 
 trade in dried fruits. She lived at the beginning of the Resto- 
 ration on the Rue Perrin-Gasselin,* Paris, where she became 
 the prey of Bidault (Gigonnet), the usurer. Angelique Madou 
 once berated Cesar Birotteau on account of his broken engage- 
 ments; but she afterward congratulated him, when the per- 
 fumer was rehabilitated, after paying his indebtedness in full 
 [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Magalhens, a notable family of Douai, at the commence- 
 ment of the nineteenth century [The Quest of the Abso- 
 lute, !>]. 
 
 Magnan, Prosper, Beauvais. The son of a widow ; mili- 
 tary doctor; executed in 1799, at Andernach, on the Rhine 
 border, as the author of a double crime — theft and murder — 
 and of which he was innocent, in spite of appearances to the 
 contrary ; the crime was committed by his companion, Jean- 
 
 * This street, which was situated near the Rue de la Lingerie, has disap- 
 peared. 
 22 
 
S38 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Frederic Taillefer, who remained unpunished [The Red 
 House, <f]. 
 
 Magnan, Madame, mother of the foregoing; she lived at 
 Beauvais, where she died some time after her son's death, and 
 before the arrival of a letter sent through Hermann's hands 
 by Prosper [The Red House, e?]. 
 
 Mahoudeau, Madame, caused trouble with her friend, 
 Mme. Cardinal, at a performance in the Bobino, a little 
 theatre situated near the Luxembourg, in which Olympe Car- 
 dinal was recognized by her mother as the "leading lady" 
 [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Magus, Elie, an Israelite of Flanders, of Holland-Belgic 
 origin; born in 1770. He lived alternately at Bordeaux and 
 Paris. He bought valuable objects, paintings, diamonds, and 
 curiosities. Through him Mme. Luigi Porta, nee Ginevra di 
 Piombo, obtained employment as a colorist with a dealer in 
 engravings. Mme. Evangelista employed him to value her 
 jewels. He ordered a copy of a Rubens from Joseph Bridau, 
 and of Flemish subjects from Pierre Grassou ; he sold them to 
 Vervelle as genuine Rembrandts and Teniers. He arranged 
 Pierre Grassou's marriage with the butcher's daughter. Very 
 wealthy, he retired from business about 1835, having left his 
 former abode on the Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle to occupy an 
 old mansion on the Chaussee des Minimes,* together with his 
 treasures and his daughter Noemi, guarded by Abramko. 
 Elie Magus still lived there about 1845, ^"^ ^^^ acquired, in 
 some underhand way, much of the superb collection which 
 had been Sylvan Pons' [The Vendetta, i — A Marriage Settle- 
 ment, aa — A Bachelor's Establishment, eJ^Pierre Gras- 
 sou, r — Cousin Pons, QC\. 
 
 Mahuchet, Madame, in the nineteenth century, a 
 women's shoemaker; *' a person with a bad mouth," accord- 
 ing to Mme. Nourrisson ; the mother of seven children. 
 After having vainly dunned n countess for one hundred francs 
 * Now the Rue de B6arn. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 339 
 
 due her, she thought to surprise the debtor one evening and 
 hoped thus to get her money; she was given some silver 
 candlesticks, but these were promptly returned, as they were 
 only plated ware [The Unconscious Mummers, xi\. 
 
 Malaga, Marguerite Turquet's pseudonym. 
 
 Malassis, Jeanne, about the end of the Restoration, the 
 country servant of Pingret, an old, rich, and miserly peasant 
 in the suburbs of Limoges. Mortally stricken as she went to 
 the rescue of her master, who was killed and pillaged ; she 
 was J. F. Tascheron's second victim [The Country Parson, JP^ 
 
 Malfatti, a doctor at Venice; in 1820 was called in con- 
 sultation with one of his French colleagues to examine Due 
 Cataneo [Massimilla Doni, ff\ 
 
 Malin. See Gondreville. 
 
 Mallet, a gendarme in the department of the Orne, 1809. 
 He was directed to discover and arrest Mme. Bryond des 
 Minieres; he allowed her to fly, with the complicity of his 
 comrade Ratel ; he was imprisoned for this, and Mallet was 
 declared by Bourlac to be liable to capital punishment for his 
 offense ; he was executed the same year [The Seamy Side of 
 History, T]. 
 
 Malvaut, Jenny. See Derville, Madame. 
 
 Mancini, De, an Italian effeminate blonde, who was fool- 
 ishly smitten by la Marana, by whom he had a daughter, 
 Juana-Pepita-Maria de Mancini; she became Mme. Diard 
 [The Maranas, e\. 
 
 Mancini, Juana-Pepita-Maria de. See Diard, Madame. 
 
 Manerville, De; born in 173 1. A Norman gentleman 
 to whom the governor of la Guyenne, Richelieu, had one of 
 the wealthiest heiresses of Bordeaux married. He bought the 
 post of major of the guards of the gate about the end of Louis 
 XV. 's reign. By his wife he had one son, Paul, whom he 
 strictly raised ; an emigrant during the Revolution ; he 
 reached Martinique, but saved his estate, Lanstrac, etc., 
 thanks to Maitre Mathias, then his notary's head clerk. He 
 
340 COMPENDIUM 
 
 was a widower since 1810; Manerville died about 181 3 [A 
 Marriage Settlement, aa\ 
 
 Manerville, Paul-Francois- Joseph, Comte de, son of 
 the foregoing; born in 1794; studied in the college of Ven- 
 dome until 1810, the year of his mother's death. He passed 
 three years with his father in Bordeaux, who had become 
 despotic and miserly. Orphaned, he was heir to an immense 
 fortune — the castle of Lanstrac at Gironde and a mansion in 
 Paris, Rue de la Pepiniere. He traveled Europe for six years 
 as a diplomat until his vacation, which he spent in Paris ; he 
 was intimate with Henri de Marsay, the lover of Paquita 
 Vald^s ; he submitted to the mockeries of Mme. Charles de 
 Vandenesse, then Emilie de Fontaine ; he possibly met Lucien 
 de Rubempre, and in the winter of 1821 returned to Bordeaux, 
 where he shone brilliantly in society; Paul de Manerville was 
 given the characteristic nickname of "Sweet Pea." In spite 
 of the good advice of his two most devoted friends, Mathias 
 and de Marsay, he asked, by the mouth of his great-aunt, Mme. 
 de Maulincour, for the hand of Natalie Evangel ista and was 
 successful. Five years after the marriage he separated from his 
 wife and embarked for Calcutta under the name of Camille, 
 one of his mother's surnames [The Girl with Golden Eyes, 
 ds, H. — The Sceaux Ball, u — A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, "M. — A Marriage Settlement, aa]. 
 
 Manerville, Comtesse Paul de, wife of the preceding ; 
 nee Natalie Evangelista, of a family indirectly descended 
 from the Due d'Albe ; she was also allied to the Claes. As 
 gay and frolicsome as a young girl, coldness yet dominated 
 her nature ; she despoiled her husband, unknown to him, and 
 shone more brilliantly in Paris than she had in Bordeaux. 
 Become the mistress of Felix de Vandenesse, she welcomed 
 with a bad grace the dedication of a recital in which he ex- 
 alted Mme. de Mortsauf; and soon after, in concert with 
 Lady Dudley, Mesdames d'Espard, Charles de Vandenesse, 
 and de Listomdre, she tried to throw Comtesse Felix de Van- 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 341 
 
 denesse, then a bride, into Raoul Nathan's arms [A Marriage 
 Settlement, aa — The Lily of the Valley, i — A Daughter of 
 Eve, F]. 
 
 Manette, under the Restoration, at Clochegourde, Tour- 
 aine, the Comtesse de Mortsaufs housekeeper; she alone 
 looked after young Madeleine and Jacques de Mortsauf [The 
 Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 Manon. See Godard, Manon. 
 
 Manon-la-Blonde, during the last years of the Restora- 
 tion a street-walker at Paris, who foolishly fell in love with 
 Theodore Calvi ; she became the receiver of stolen goods, 
 the theft being complicated with assassination, committed by 
 Jacques Collin's companion, and which led indirectly and 
 involuntarily to the arrest of the Corsican [Vautrin's Last 
 Avatar, z\. 
 
 Manseau, Father, an innkeeper at the Echelles, a Savoy 
 market-town, who welcomed la Fosseuse, reduced to beggary, 
 and lodged that unfortunate in a barn — she afterward became 
 Benassis' protege [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Marana, La, born in 1772, the last of a long line of 
 courtesans, all bearing the same name ; a natural descendant 
 of the Herouvilles. She knew Mancini for the love of money ; 
 he was the Due de Lina, a king of Naples ; she shone in 
 Venice, Milan, and Naples. By Mancini she had a child, 
 Juana-Pepita-Maria, whom he acknowledged. She was placed 
 with the Lagounias, who were under obligations to her, to be 
 piously brought up, in 1808. She surprised her when locked 
 in a room with Montefiore ; she disdained to have revenge on 
 him, but accepted F. Diard as a husband for the young girl, 
 who had proposed for her hand. About 1832, at the time 
 when she was in the hospital at Bordeaux, la Marana again 
 saw her daughter ; she was living virtuously, but was still un- 
 happy [The Hated Son, ^ — The Maranas, e\. 
 
 Marcas, Zephirin, born about 1803, a Breton, of a Vitre 
 family ; his parents had little means and he was their main 
 
342 COMPENDIUM 
 
 support; he was educated gratuitously at the seminary, but 
 had no liking to become a priest. He embarked for Paris 
 with but little money, and in the year 1823 or 1824 was in an 
 attorney's office, in which he became head clerk. He studied 
 men and manners in five capitals: London, Vienna, Peters- 
 burg, Constantinople, and Berlin. For five years he was a 
 journalist and " did the Chambers." He frequented la Pal- 
 ferine ; in regard to women, he had a passionate, timid manner 
 with them. With the head of a lion, a magnificent organiza- 
 tion, the equal of Berryer as an orator, and surpassing M. 
 Thiers, Marcas was for a long time employed in a political 
 capacity by a deputy of a former ministry, but, convinced of 
 his disloyalty, he turned against him. On his reentry into 
 polemics he was again sought. He lived most wretchedly in 
 a garret on a budget of thirty sous, which he earned by law- 
 writing. His garret was situated in a furnished-room house 
 on the Rue Corneille, 1836. Unless he had been cordially 
 urged by his young neighbors Rabourdin and Juste, who 
 furnished the fitting clothing for him, he would have refused 
 to again serve the minister who had acted ungratefully to him, 
 and who now sought his aid anew. His return was not of 
 long duration. The government's third fall threw down 
 Marcas also ; he returned to the Rue Corneille, where he was 
 taken with a nervous fever; the disease was aggravated by 
 his genius and it carried him off. Z. Marcas was buried in 
 the common grave in Montparnasse cemetery, January, 1838 
 [A Prince of Bohemia, FF—Z. Marcas, m]. 
 
 Marcelin was an attorney at Arcis-sur-Aube during the 
 electoral period opening in April, 1839, in the arrondissement 
 until then represented by Francois Keller [The Deputy for 
 Arcis, I>D\ 
 
 Marchand, Victor, son of a grocer in Paris ; major of a 
 battalion of infantry during the campaign of 1808; the lover 
 of and under obligations to Clara Leganes, he vainly tried to 
 marry that daughter of the Spanish nobility, who preferred 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 343 
 
 rather to submit to the most horrible of deaths. She was de- 
 capitated by the hand of Juanito Leganes, her brother [The 
 Executioner, e\. 
 
 Marche-a-Terre. See Leroi, Pierre. 
 
 Marcillac, Madame de. Thanks to her knowledge of 
 the members of the old Court and her relations with the 
 Rastignacs, of whom she was the modest guest, about 1819, 
 she was able to introduce to her brilliant cousin, Claire de 
 Beauseant, the Chevalier de Rastignac, her great-nephew, for 
 whom she had a failing [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Marcosini, Comte Andrea; born in 1807 at Milan. Al- 
 though an aristocrat he was a Liberal refugee in Paris, tempo- 
 rarily only ; a poet, handsome, and wealthy ; he was happy in 
 his life of exile about 1834. He was welcomed by Mesdames 
 d'Espard and Paul de Manerville. On the Rue Froidmanteau 
 he pursued Marianna Gambara to the iabk d'hdte of an Italian, 
 Girardini ; he delivered a lengthy dissertation on music and 
 spoke of *' Robert le Diable." For five years Gambara's wife 
 was his mistress, then he deserted her to marry an Italian 
 dancer [Gambara, hh\ 
 
 Marechal, under the Restoration an attorney at Ville-aux- 
 Fayes, Montcornet's adviser;, by his recommendation he con- 
 tributed to the appointment, about 181 7, of Sibilet as steward 
 at the Aigues [The Peasantry, JJ]. 
 
 Mareschal, director of the studies at the college of Ven- 
 dome, 181 1, when Louis Lambert became a pupil at that house 
 of information [Louis Lambert, le]. 
 
 Marest, Frederic, born about 1802, son of the rich widow 
 of a lumber merchant ; cousin of Georges Marest; clerk to an 
 attorney at Paris, November, 1825 ; the lover of Florentine 
 Cabirolle, who was kept by Cardot ; he knew at Maitre Des- 
 roches' Oscar Husson and had him as a guest, at a fete given 
 by Mile. Cabirolle, Rue de Vendome, where his companion 
 foolishly compromised himself [A Start in Life, 5]. Frederic 
 Marest passed in 1838 as a judge of instruction in the Parisian 
 
344 COMPENDIUM 
 
 courts ; he questioned Augusta de Mergi about a theft com- 
 mitted to the prejudice of Dr. Halpersohn [The Seamy Side 
 of History, T\ The following year he was public prosecutor 
 at Arcis-sur-Aube ;* he was still a bachelor when he met Mar- 
 tener junior, Goulard, Michu, Vinet ; he frequented the Beau- 
 visage and MoUot families [The Deputy for Arcis, jD2>]. 
 
 Marest, Georges, cousin of the foregoing, and whose 
 father was the head of a great hardware firm. Rue Saint- 
 Martin, Paris. In 1822 he was Maitre A. Crottat's second 
 clerk, his companion in the office being Amaury Lupin. 
 About the same year Marest's silly vanity caused him to depict 
 a fictitious career in Pierrotin's vehicle, when he was on his 
 way to the valley of the Oise. He mystified Husson, amused 
 Bridau and Marest, but was tiring to Comte de Serizy. Three 
 years later Georges Marest had become managing clerk to Leo- 
 pold Hannequin ; but he lost his fortune of thirty thousand 
 francs of income in debauchery, and finished by becoming an 
 insurance solicitor [The Peasantry, ^ — A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Margaritis, of Italian origin, located at Vouvray, 1831 ; 
 an old, deranged man ; he pretended to be a vine-grower and 
 banker. He was made use of by Vernier to mystify Gaudissart 
 during a commercial trip of the illustrious drummer [Gau- 
 dissart the Great, o]. 
 
 Margaritis, Madame, wife of the lunatic Margaritis. She 
 looked after her savings for economy's sake, and aided in 
 mystifying Gaudissart [Gaudissart the Great, o\. 
 
 Marguerite, born in 1762, ordinarily called Gritte; she 
 served the old Hochons at Issoudun, in 1822 [A Bachelor's 
 Establishment,t J\ 
 
 * This town possessed a promenade, the Avenue des Soupirs, where, in 
 1839, the colony of functionaries frequently congregated. 
 
 f Here the compilers have a footnote : " * Un Menage de Garcon ' — A 
 Bachelor's Establishment — in all the old editions of the Comedie Humaine." 
 This is called for by the fact that " La Rabouilleuse " is always used by 
 them as a title. It has also been published as "The Two Brothers." — 
 Translator. 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 345 
 
 Marguerite, a nurse at Johann Fischer's House [Cousin 
 Betty, w]. 
 
 Margueron, an opulent bourgeois at Beaumont-sur-Oise, 
 under Louis XVIII.; he desired for his son the place of tax- 
 collector in that town particularly, for he there possessed a 
 farm which adjoined the Presles, belonging to de Serizy, and 
 the tenant of which was Leger [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Marialva, Dona Concha, the duenna attached to the per- 
 son of Paquita Valdes [The Girl with Golden Eyes, ds, II.]. 
 
 Marianne, Sophie Gamard's servant, during the Restora- 
 tion, at Tours [The Abbe Birotteau, i]. 
 
 Marianne, about October, 1803, at Cinq-Cygne, arron- 
 dissement of Arcis-sur-Aube, a servant (at the same time as 
 Gaucher) of the Michus. She served her master with dis- 
 cretion and fidelity [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Mariast, a property owner at Paris, 22 Rue de la Mon- 
 tagne-Sainte-Genevieve, where he had the Messrs. d'Espard as 
 tenants, during nearly the whole of the Restoration [The 
 Commission in Lunacy, c]. 
 
 Marie-Jeanne, Angelique Madou's servant, Paris, 1818 
 [Cesar Birotteau, f O]. 
 
 Marie des Anges, Mother, born in 1762; Jacques 
 Bricheteau's aunt ; superior of the Ursulines at Arcis-sur-Aube; 
 preserved from the scaffold by Danton ; each year, on April 5th, 
 she had celebrated a mass in memoriam. Under Louis- 
 Philippe her nephew, Charles de Sallenauve, was nominated 
 and elected a deputy, largely by her influence in the arron- 
 dissement [The Deputy for Arcis, X>X)]. 
 
 Mariette, the picturesque and gallant name of Marie 
 Godeschal. 
 
 Mariette, born in 1798; from 1817 in the service of the 
 Wattevilles, Besangon, she, under Louis-Philippe, was courted, 
 
 f An abbreviation of the title which, in the Edition Definitive of the 
 Comedie Humaine, is " The History of the Rise and Fall of Cesar Birot- 
 teau." This novel was first given as a premium by two Paris journals. 
 
346 . COMPENDIUM 
 
 in spite of her ugliness, because of her savings, by Jerome, 
 Albert Savarus' servant. Mile, de Watteville, who was smitten 
 by the barrister, exploited Mariette and Jerome to the benefit 
 of her love [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Mariette, about 1816, Mile. Corraon's (Alengon) cook; 
 for some time she was advised by du Ronceret ; she was still 
 in the same service when her mistress became Mme. du Bous- 
 quier [The Old Maid, aa\. 
 
 Mariette was in la Fosseuse's service about the end of the 
 Restoration, in the village of which Benassis was the mayor 
 [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Mariette, in 1841, Rue Plumet, Paris, was Adeline Hulot's 
 cook [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Marigny, Duchesse de, of the faubourg Saint-Germain ; 
 united to the Navarreins and the Grandlieus ; a woman of 
 counsel and experience ; the real head of her house. She 
 died about 1819 [The Duchess of Langeais, 6&]. 
 
 Marigny,* De, son of the preceding; an agreeable but 
 harebrained man ; the lover of Mme. Keller, a bourgeoise of 
 the Chaussee-d'Antin [The Duchess of Langeais, &6]. 
 
 Marin, Father, in 1836, an old Parisian workman whom 
 Abbe de Veze refused to assist [The Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Marin, head-valet to Georges de Maufrigneuse, and the 
 protector of Anicette, at Cinq-Cygne, Arcis-sur-Aube, 1839 
 [The Deputy for Arcis, J>D]. 
 
 Marion, of Arcis, the grandson of a steward of the Si- 
 meuses; brother-in-law of Mme. Marion, nee Giguet. He 
 enjoyed Malin's confidence and acquired for him the Gondre- 
 ville estate. He became a barrister in the Aube, then presi- 
 dent of an Imperial Court [A Historical Mystery, jj^ — The 
 Deputy for Arcis, J>X)]. 
 
 * In a previous century the Marignys owned Rosembray, before it was 
 the property of the Verneuils. It was a large domain, and in 1829 was 
 the scene of a great hunt, at which the Cadignans, Chaulieus, M. de 
 Caualis, the Mignons, and others met. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 347 
 
 Marion, brother of the foregoing and brother-in-law of 
 Colonel Giguet, who married his sister, and became by Ma- 
 lin's influence co-receiver-general, with Sibuelle, of the Aube 
 [A Historical Mystery, ff—Hh.Q Deputy for Arcis, 2)X)]. 
 
 Marion, Madame, wife of the foregoing, Colonel Giguet's 
 sister. She was intimate with the Malins of Gondreville ; she 
 survived her husband, and, leaving Tours, returned to her 
 native place, Arcis, where she held drawing-rooms which were 
 much frequented. Under Louis-Philippe Mme. Marion used 
 her influence in favor of Simon Giguet, son of the colonel 
 [A Historical Mystery, ff — The Deputy for Arcis, DIJ]. 
 
 Marion. See Kolb, Madame. 
 
 Mariotte, a Breton, born about 1794, under Louis-Philippe ; 
 with Gasselin she served in the Guenic family at Guerande 
 [Beatrix, _P]. 
 
 Mariotte, of Auxerre; a rival of the powerful Gauber- 
 tin in the adjudication of the forests in Bourgogne depart- 
 ment and of the Aigues, Montcornet's estate [The Peasan- 
 try, K]. 
 
 Mariotte, Madame, of Auxerre, mother of the preceding; 
 she had in her service, in 1823, Mile. Courtecuisse [The 
 Peasantry, JS]. 
 
 Marius, a surname which became hereditary of a Toulous- 
 ain who established a " tonsorial palace " at Paris early in the 
 nineteenth century ; it was so baptized by the Chevalier de 
 Parny, one of the customers. He transmitted this name of 
 Marius as the property in perpetuity of his successor [The 
 Unconscious Mummers, w]. 
 
 Mari vault, De, a wealthy but indifferent man of letters; 
 he signed a work written by M. de Valentin junior [The Wild 
 Ass' Skin, A]. 
 
 Marmus, Madame, wife of a scientist, an officer in the 
 Legion of Honor, and a member of the Institute. She resided 
 with him in the Rue Duguay-Trouin, Paris, and frequented 
 Zelie Minard's house about 1840 [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
348 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Marmus, the husband of the foregoing and remarkable 
 for his absence of mind [The Middle Classes, ee]. 
 
 MarnefFe, Jean-Paul-Stanislas, born in 1794, an em- 
 ploye in the office of the ministry of War. When simply a 
 clerk with a salary of only twelve hundred francs he married, 
 about 1803, Mile. Valerie Fortin. As *' corrupt as a bagnio," 
 he left the Rue du Douenne for the faubourg Saint-Germain, 
 where his wife had been installed by her lover, Baron Hulot ; 
 by whose means also Marneffe became successively first clerk, 
 sub-chief, then chief of a bureau, a chevalier, and afterward 
 officer of the Legion of Honor. Jean-Paul-Stanislas was as 
 "rotten physically as morally." He died in May, 1842 
 [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 MarnefFe,* Madame. See Crevel, Madame Celestin. 
 
 Marneffe, Stanislas, the legal son of the two foregoing; 
 scrofulous and neglected by his parents [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 MaroUes, Abbe de, an old priest of the end of the eigh- 
 teenth century ; he escaped the massacre at the convent of the 
 Carmellitesf in September, 1792. He concealed himself in 
 Paris, in the faubourg Saint-Martin, near the German road. 
 He was there the protector of two nuns who were also com- 
 promised — Sister Marthe and Sister Agathe. January 22, 
 
 1793, and January 21, 1794, the abbe said a mass before them 
 for the repose of the soul of Louis XVL, being begged to do 
 this by the executioner of that *' martyred king," who was 
 also present, but without being identified, until January 25, 
 
 1794, from information furnished by Citizen Ragon, at the 
 corner of the Rue des FrondeursJ [An Episode of the Reign 
 of Terror, t\ 
 
 * In 1849 Clairville presented on the stage of the Gymnase-Dramatique 
 a somewhat modified play of episodes in the life of Mme. Marneffe, under 
 the double title of " Madaine Marneffe, or the Prodigal Father," a melo- 
 drama in five acts. 
 
 f Situated on the. Rue Vaugirard ; now a plain chapel. 
 
 \ This has disappeared. It was near the Rues I'Echelle, Moineaux, 
 and Saint- Honor6. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 349 
 
 Maronis, Abbe de, a priest full of genius, who under the 
 tira would have been a Borgia. He was Henri de Marsay's 
 preceptor, and made his pupil an absolute skeptic at the time 
 when the church was in a ferment. Abbe de Maronis died a 
 bishop in 1812 [The Girl with Golden Eyes, ds^ II.]. 
 
 Marron, under the Restoration a physician at Marsac, 
 Charente; nephew of the Cure Marron. He married the 
 daughter of Postel, a pharmacist, Angouleme, and fre- 
 quented the Sechards [Lost Illusions, N — The Harlot's 
 Progress, Y, Z\ 
 
 Marron, cure at Marsac, Charente, under the Restoration ; 
 he preceded the above in that office [Lost Illusions, ^]. 
 
 Marsay, De, an old gentleman with every vice. He was 
 married by Lord Dudley to one of his mistresses and acknowl- 
 edged Dudley's son Henri ; he received one hundred thousand 
 francs in depreciated money for doing this; he speedily dissi- 
 pated the money in riotous living, confiding the child to his 
 old sister. Mile, de Marsay. He died, as he had lived, apart 
 from his wife [The Girl with Golden Eyes, ds^ II.]. 
 
 Marsay, Madame de. See Vordac, Marquise de. 
 
 Marsay, Mademoiselle de, sister and sister-in-law of the 
 foregoing ones. She took care of Henri, and died of old age 
 [The Girl with Golden Eyes, ds^ II.]. 
 
 Marsay, Henri de, born between 1792 and 1796 ; son of 
 Lord Dudley and the noted Marquise de Vordac, her first 
 husband being de Marsay, who acknowledged the child as his 
 own, and so became its legal father. Young Henri was raised 
 by Mile, de Marsay and the Abbe de Maronis; he was friendly 
 with Paul de Manerville in 1815 ; he was at that time one of 
 the Thirteen * all-mighties, together with Bourignard, Mon- 
 triveau, and Ronquerolles. At this time he found a daughter 
 of Lesbosen, Paquita Valdes, whom he wished to make his 
 
 * Frederic Sloulie's drama: " La Closerie des Genets," played for the 
 first time at the Ambigu, Paris, October 14, 1846, recalled this particular 
 in the life of M. de Marsay. 
 
350 COMPENDIUM 
 
 mistress; he recognized her at once as his own natural sis- 
 ter and also Mme. de San-Real's, who was the only rival of 
 Paquita. Marsay was once the Duchesse Charlotte's (then 
 Arabelle Dudley) lover, whose children were his living pic- 
 tures. We know also of his intimacy with Delphine de Nu- 
 cingen, which was ruptured in the year 1819, and with Diane 
 de Cadignan. As a member of the Thirteen, Henri had a 
 hand in the enterprise of Montriveau to carry off Antoinette 
 de Langeais from the Carmellite nunnery. He bought Coralie 
 for sixty thousand francs. All his life, under the Restoration, 
 was passed about equally with young men and young women. 
 He was Victurnien d'Esgrignon's counselor and adviser, and 
 the same to Savinien de Portendu^re, and more so to Paul de 
 Manerville, whom he vainly tried to pilot after his unhappy 
 marriage. Marsay protected Lucien de Rubempre, and, with 
 Rastignac, acted as his second in his duel with Michel Chres- 
 tien. The feminine representatives of the Chaulieu and Fon- 
 taine families admired and thought well of Henri de Marsay, 
 but scorned the poet, M. de Canalis. The Revolution of 
 July, 1830, made a great personage of Marsay, who, never- 
 theless, at Felicite des Touches' spoke of his past amours. In 
 1832 and 1833 he was prime minister and a familiar in the 
 Legitimist salon of the Princesse de Cadignan, where he spoke 
 of the Vendean insurrection. At the same time he made 
 known the reasons for Malin's abduction and who were con- 
 cerned therein. Marsay died of exhaustion in 1834; just 
 before this occurred, and at the time when Nathan paid court 
 to Marie de Vandenesse, the statesman had predicted this, 
 and scorned the writer [The Thirteen, J5JB (including The 
 Girl with Golden Eyes, ds^ H.) — The Unconscious Mum- 
 mers, u — Another Study of Woman, I — The Lily of the 
 Valley, i — Father Goriot, 6r — The Collection of Antiqui- 
 ties, aa — Ursule Mirouet, iT — A Marriage Settlement, aa — 
 A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, ilT — Letters of Two 
 Brides, v — The Sceaux Ball, u — Modeste Mignon, JEi — ^The 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 351 
 
 Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, z — A Historical Mys- 
 tery, #— A Daughter of Eve, F]. 
 
 Martainville, Alphonse-Louis-Dieudonne, a publicist 
 and dramatic author; born in 1776, at Cadiz, of French 
 parents; died August 27, 1830. A fanatic Royalist, who in 
 1821-22 advised and welcomed Lucien de Rubempre, then an 
 apostate from Liberalism [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, M\ 
 
 Martellens, a scientist who was cited by Lavrille the 
 naturalist before Raphael de Valentin for the origin of the 
 word "chagrin" [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\. 
 
 Martener, a learned old man, living at Provins, under the 
 Restoration ; he explained to the archaeologist Desfondrilles, 
 who consulted him, why indolent Europe disdained the min- 
 eral waters of their town and went to Spa, where, according 
 to French doctors, they were less efficacious [Pierrette, t]. 
 
 Martener, Madame, wife of the foregoing ; second daugh- 
 ter of Mme. Guen6e ; sister of Mme. Auffray. She had pity 
 for Pierrette Lorrain, who was ill, and, in 1828, gave her the 
 distractions of music, playing to her selections from Weber, 
 Beethoven, and Herold [Pierrette, i]. 
 
 Martener, son of the preceding; a protege of Vinet 
 senior; honest, but a blockhead; was, in 1839, judge of in- 
 struction at Arcis-sur-Aube. During election times in the 
 spring of that year he frequented the functionaries: Michu, 
 Goulard, O. Vinet, and Marest [The Deputy for Arcis, _DX)]. 
 
 Martha was for a long time Mme. Josephine Claes' de- 
 voted chambermaid. She died at an advanced age between 
 1828 and 1830 [The Quest of the Absolute, jD]. 
 
 Marthe, Sister, a gray sister of Auvergnate, from 1809 to 
 1816. She taught reading, writing, the history of God's peo- 
 ple, the Old and New Testaments, the Catechism, and a little 
 arithmetic to Veronique Sauviat (Mme. Graslin) [The Country 
 Parson, 'F\ 
 
 Marthe, Sister, rUe Beausi:ant, about 1730; was a nun 
 
352 COMPENDIUM 
 
 in the Chelles abbey ; a refugee with Sister Agathe {nh Lan- 
 geais) and Abbe de Marolles in a mean lodging in the high 
 faubourg Saint-Martin. She went out to a confectioner's 
 store near Saint-Laurent, January 22, 1793, to purchase the 
 holy wafers necessary for a mass for the repose of the soul of 
 Louis XVL, at which she assisted, as also the said King's exe- 
 cutioner. The following year, on January 21 (1794), the 
 same ceremony was repeated, and Sister Marthe again assisted. 
 She passed the two years of the Terror under the protection of 
 Mucins Scoevola [An Episode of the Reign of Terror, t\. 
 
 Marthe, Sister, under the Restoration ; she knew Mes- 
 dames de I'Estorade and Gaston, at the Carmellite convent of 
 Blois [Letters of Two Brides, v\. 
 
 Martin. This woman, for three francs per month and a 
 pound of soap for each child, was, in 1829, the care-taker for 
 the charity children in the commune of which Dr. Benassis 
 was the mayor. She was probably the first person of that 
 district to be seen by Genestas-Bluteau, and also the first to 
 give him any information [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Martineaus, The. Two brothers who were engaged in 
 assisting M. de Mortsauf in his agricultural work in Touraine ; 
 the elder was once a workman, then steward ; the younger one 
 was a keeper [The Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 Martineau, son of one of the two Martineau brothers [//^/^.]. 
 
 Marty, Jean-Baptiste, a melodramic actor ; the head or 
 director of the Gaite, Paris, before and after it was burned in 
 1836. Born in 1779; famous under the Restoration; in 
 1819 and 1820, he was applauded by Mme. Vauquer {nte 
 Conflans) in " le Mont-Sauvage." Mme. Vauquer conducted 
 a boarding-house on the Rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve, where 
 Jacques Collin, called Vautrin, was arrested on that same 
 evening* [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 * Marty died at an advanced age in 1868; he was a chevalier of the 
 Legion of Honor, and was for a long time mayor of the commune of 
 Charenton. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 353 
 
 Marville,* De. See Camusot. 
 
 Mary, an Englishwoman in the service of Louis de I'Es- 
 torade's family, under the Restoration and Louis-Philippe 
 [Letters of Two Brides, v — The Deputy for Arcis, X>i)]. 
 
 Massin-Levrault junior, the son of a poor locksmith, 
 great-nephew of Dr. Denis Minoret by his marriage to a 
 Levrault-Minoret ; the father of three daughters: Pamela, 
 Aline, and Mme. Goupil, who bought, in January, 1815, the 
 post of clerk to the justice of the peace at Nemours ; he and 
 his family at one time lived on the benefactions of Dr. 
 Minoret, who also obtained for him the management of the 
 postoffice at Nemours. Massin-Levrault junior was one of 
 the indirect persecutors of Ursule de Portenduere ; he was a 
 municipal councilor after July, 1830; he began to loan 
 money to the peasants at enormous interest — this cash had 
 been given by the doctor ; he became a notorious usurer 
 [Ursule Mirouet, Jff]. 
 
 Massin-Levrault, Madame, wife of the foregoing, nee 
 Levrault-Minoret about 1793; on the maternal side she 
 was great-niece of Dr. Denis Minoret, the daughter of a victim 
 of the campaign in France; she paid much court to her 
 wealthy uncle, and in a greater or less degree persecuted 
 Ursule de Portenduere [Ursule Mirouet, jBT]. 
 
 Massol, a native of Carcassonne, a suckling barrister and 
 editor of the *' Gazette des Tribunaux," May, 1830. He un- 
 knowingly guided Jacqueline near to Jacques Collin, who was 
 incarcerated in the Conciergerie ; by Granville's order he 
 attributed the death of Lucien de Rubempre to an aneurism. 
 A Republican, he did not prefix his name with the particle ; 
 in 1834 he was an associate of Raoul Nathan's in the bringing 
 out of a great newspaper. Massol was, together with Stid- 
 mann, Steinbock, and Claud Vignon, a witness to Valerie 
 Marneffe's second marriage. In 1845 was a councilor of 
 
 * He had a brother who bore the name of Camusot, who left the Ecole 
 Polytechnique. 
 23 
 
354 COMPENDIUM 
 
 State, presiding over a section ; he kept Jenny Cadine ; he 
 had charge of the administrative trial of S. P. Gazonal [The 
 Harlot's Progress, Y^ Z— The Wild Ass' Skin, J.— A Daugh- 
 ter of Eve, F — Cousin Betty, w — The Unconscious Mum- 
 mers, ii]. 
 
 Masson, a friend of Desroches, who agreed with him in 
 his advice to Lucien de Rubempr6, about 1821, in reference 
 to the seizure of Coralie's furniture [A Distinguished Provin- 
 cial at Paris, iHT]. 
 
 Masson, Publicola, born about 1795 5 ^^ leading chirop- 
 odist in Paris, 1845 5 ^ radical Republican of Marat's school, 
 whom he physically resembled ; he counted Leon de Lora 
 amongst his customers [The Unconscious Mummers, t^]. 
 
 Mathias, born in 1753. He commenced as third clerk 
 of the notary Chesneau, Bordeaux, whom he succeeded ; he 
 was married, but lost his wife in 1826; had a son in the 
 magistracy, and an established daughter; a type of the old 
 notaries, he was prodigal of clear-headed counsel to two gen- 
 erations of the Manervilles [A Marriage Settlement, a(l\. 
 
 Mathilde, The Great, in the early years of Louis-Phil- 
 ippe's reign was intimate with Jenny Courand, Paris [Gaudis- 
 sart the Great, o\. 
 
 Mathurine, a cook, both honest and religious, once in 
 the service of the bishop of Nancy ; was afterward engaged in 
 Paris on the Rue Vaneau by Valerie Marneffe, through Lisbeth 
 Fischer, her relation on the maternal side [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Matifat, a rich druggist in Paris on the Rue des Lom- 
 bards, at the beginning of the nineteenth century ; he supplied 
 the *' Queen of Roses," of which Ragon and Birotteau were 
 successively the proprietors; a type of the commonplace 
 middle-class, close and self-satisfied; of jolly speech and per- 
 haps of act. He was married and had one daughter, who 
 attended with himself and wife the famous ball given by Cesar 
 Birotteau on the Rue Saint-Honore, December 17, 1818. A 
 friend of the Collevilles, the Thuilliers, and the Saillards, 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 355 
 
 Matifat requested Cesar Birotteau to extend invitations to 
 them, which he undoubtedly did. About 1821, on the Rue 
 de Bondy, Matifat kept an actress, who soon after left the 
 Panorama for the Gymnase-Dramatique ; this was Florine, 
 whose real name was Sophie Gignault, and who later became 
 Mme. Nathan. J. J. Bixiou and Mme. Desroches frequently 
 visited him during the year 1826, at times on the Rue du Cher- 
 che-Midi and in the suburbs of Paris. Under Louis-Philippe 
 Matifat, a widower, re-married and retired from business. He 
 was a partner in the theatre which Gaudissart managed [Cesar 
 Birotteau, O — A Bachelor's Establishment, J^ — A Distin- 
 guished Provincial at Paris, iyT— The Firm of Nucingen, t — 
 The Deputy for Arcis, J>J) — Cousin Pons, x]. 
 
 Matifat, Madame, the first wife of the foregoing; she was 
 a person who wore a lively colored turban. She shone under 
 the Restoration among the lower middle-class; she probably 
 died in the reign of Louis- Philippe [Cesar Birotteau, O — The 
 Firm of Nucingen, t\. 
 
 Matifat, Mademoiselle, daughter of the preceding; she 
 assisted at the famous ball given by Birotteau ; she was sought 
 in marriage by Adolphe Cochin and Maitre Desroches ; she 
 married General the Baron Gouraud, who was without for- 
 tune, giving him a dot of fifty thousand crowns, and the ex- 
 pectations of a house situated on the Rue du Cherche-Midi 
 and another one at Luzarches [Cesar Birotteau, O — The Firm 
 of Nucingen, t — Pierrette, %\. 
 
 Matifat, Madame, Matifat's second wife, born in 1800, 
 of humble extraction, with a compromised past ; one of 
 Charles de Sallenauve's protectors in his childhood [The 
 Deputy for Arcis, JDIf]. 
 
 Maucombe, Comte de, a Provengal, of a famous family. 
 During the Revolution he donned the " humble vestments of 
 a provincial proof-reader in the office of Jerome Nicholas 
 S6chard, the printer, at Angouleme. He had numerous chil- 
 dren : Renee, who became Mme. de I'Estoradej Jean, and 
 
366 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Marianina, his natural daughter acknowledged by Lanty 
 [Lost Illusions, 3^^— Letters of Two Brides, v\. 
 
 Maucombe, Jean'de, son of the foregoing ; he sacrificed 
 a portion of his heritage in favor of his eldest sister, Mme. 
 de I'Estorade, nee Renee de Maucombe [Letters of Two 
 Brides, v\. 
 
 Maufrigneuse, Due de, born in 1778, son of the Prince 
 of Cadignan, who died an octogenarian at the end of the 
 Restoration ; he then became the head of the house, Prince 
 de Cadignan.* He was the lover of Mme. d'Uxelles, whose 
 daughter, Diane, he married about 181 4. He lived on bad 
 terms with his wife ; kept Marie Godeschal ; was a cavalry 
 colonel during the reigns of Louis XVIIL and Charles X.; 
 under his command he had Philippe Bridau, Vicomte de 
 Serizy, and Oscar Husson ; he was a frequent attendant at the 
 Grandlieus and d'Espards [The Secrets of the Princess of 
 Cadignan, % — A Start in Life, s — A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, e/— The Harlot's Progress, T"]. 
 
 Maufrigneuse, DuckEssE de, wife of the foregoing, nee 
 Diane d'Uxelles in 1776; married about 1815. She was 
 successively the mistress of de Marsay, Miguel d'Ajuda-Pinto, 
 Victurnien d'Esgrignon, Maxime de Trailles, Eugene de 
 Rastignac, Armand de Montriveau, the Marquis de Ron- 
 querolles, Prince Galathionne, Due de Rhetore, of a Grand- 
 lieu, Lucien de Ruberapre, and Daniel d'Arthez. At different 
 times she lived at Anzy, near Sancerre, in Paris, on the Rues 
 du Faubourg Saint-Honore and Miromesnil, at Cinq-Cygne 
 in Champagne, Geneva, and the borders of Lake Leman. 
 She inspired a foolish platonic passion in Michel Chrestien ; 
 she seemed averse to the piquant wit and pretty words of the 
 Due d'Herouville. Her first and last liaisons were the most 
 marked. For her the Marquis Miguel d'Adjuda-Pinto de- 
 serted Berthe de Rochefide, his wife ; he took this means of 
 obtaining vengeance on his old mistress, Claire de Beauseant. 
 
 * The molto of the Cadignans was : Memini. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 357 
 
 Her amours with Victurnien d'Esgrignon became the most 
 tempestuous of romances : Mme. de Maufrigneuse disguised 
 herself as a man, and had a passport bearing the name of Felix 
 de Vandenesse, in order to save Victurnien from the assize 
 court, with which he was threatened by the foolish prodigali- 
 ties of his mistress. The duchess was, in fact, the prey of her 
 tradesmen ; she wasted her means, and the disordered state 
 of Anzy was to the profit of Polydore de la Baudraye. Some 
 years later she vainly tried to save Lucien de Rubempre, who 
 had been brought before the judge of instruction on a criminal 
 charge. The Restoration of 1830 gave her a brilliant life. 
 The inheritor of the sceptre of the world of Mesdames de 
 Langeais and de Beauseant, whom she well knew, she was 
 intimate with the Marquise d'Espard, with whom, in 1822, 
 she disputed *' the fragile royalty of society " ; she frequented 
 the Chaulieus, and took part in a famous hunt, near 1' Havre. 
 In July, 1830, she was financially reduced, entirely deserted 
 by her husband, but now become Princesse de Cadignan ; she 
 was helped pecuniarily by her relatives, Mesdames d'Uxelles 
 and de Navarreins, and Diane went into a kind of retreat; 
 she occupied herself on behalf of her son, Georges, and, aided 
 by a remembrance of Chrestien, she became attached to the 
 wealthy and celebrated deputy of the Right, Daniel d'Arthez, 
 but without completely deserting society ; indeed, she visited 
 Felicite des Touches between 1832 and 1835, and heard de 
 Marsay recite his anecdotes. Princesse de Cadignan possessed 
 the portraits of her numerous lovers. She also had that of 
 Madame, whom she had served and in whose presence she 
 had met de Marsay, Louis-Philippe's prime minister. She 
 also owned a portrait of Charles X., which bore this legend : 
 ''Given by the King." After the marriage of her son, who 
 married a Cinq-Cygne, she lived on an estate which bore her 
 name. She is again met with during the electoral period of 
 1839 [The Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, & — Modeste 
 Mignon, JS" — The Collection of Antiquities, aa — Muse of 
 
358 COMPENDIUM 
 
 the Department, CC — The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z — Letters 
 of Two Brides, v — Another Study of Woman, I — A Historical 
 Mystery, ff — The Deputy for Arcis, DIX]. 
 
 Maufrigneuse, Georges de, only son of the preceding, 
 born about 1814; had successively in his service Toby and 
 Marin ; he took the title of duke at the end of the Restora- 
 tion ; was concerned in the last Vendean insurrection ; by his 
 mother's aid and of his own desire, in 1838, he married 
 Berthe de Cinq-Cygne ; the year following he inherited an 
 estate bearing the same name, during the electoral period at 
 which Sallenauve was elected [The Secrets of the Princess of 
 Cadignan, ^ — A Historical Mystery, ff — Beatrix, _P — The 
 Deputy for Arcis, DU]. 
 
 Maufrigneuse, Berthe de, wife of the foregoing, the 
 daughter of Adrien and Laurence de Cinq-Cygne; married 
 about 1838; in 1833 was already affianced to him with the 
 consent of all his family; she is found with him on her patri- 
 monial estate at Aube, during the spring of 1839 [A Historical 
 Mystery, ;^— Beatrix, P— The Deputy for Arcis, J>J)]. 
 
 Maugredie, a celebrated skeptic physician ; called in con- 
 sultation, he pronounced on the very serious case of Raphael 
 de Valentin [The Wild Ass' Skin, A]. 
 
 Maulincour,* Baronne de, nee Rieux ; a woman of the 
 eighteenth century who **did not lose her head" during the 
 Revolution ; the intimate friend of Vidame de Pamiers. With 
 the Restoration she installed herself in her mansion in the 
 faubourg Saint-Germain, where she finished the education of 
 her grandson, Auguste Carbonnon de Maulincour; she also 
 owned an estate in the Bordelais ; she asked the hand of 
 Natalie Evangelista for her great-nephew, Paul de Manerville, 
 and passed a judgment upon that family that was anything but 
 favorable. The Baronne de Maulincour died some time before 
 
 * The MauUncours had a hatel in the last century on the Chauss6e des 
 Minimes, in the Marais, of which Elie Magus was the owner from 1835 
 to 1845. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 359 
 
 her grandson, of grief brought upon her by the ill-doing 
 of that young man [A Marriage Settlement, aa — Ferra- 
 gus, hh\ 
 
 Maulincour, Auguste Carbonnon de, born in 1797; 
 grandson of the foregoing; raised by her and "formed" by 
 Vidame de Pamiers, whom he seldom left, living on the Rue 
 de Bourbon, Paris, and who had lived the life of the court, 
 both brilliant and unfortunate, during the reign of Louis 
 XVIII. He embraced a military career, was decorated, be- 
 came major in a cavalry regiment of the Royal Guards, then 
 lieutenant-colonel in a company of the Body-guards. He vainly 
 paid court to Mme. de Langeais ; became the lover of Clem- 
 ence Bourignard, whom he pursued, compromised, and per- 
 secuted ; by his indiscretion he brought upon himself the 
 formidable enmity of Gratien Bourignard, Mme. Desmaret's 
 father. In the struggle that followed, Maulincour, neglecting 
 the advice given him, was the subject of numerous accidents ; 
 he was provoked to a duel by the Marquis de Ronquerolles, 
 but finally succumbed to poison, only just surviving the old 
 baroness, his grandmother, both of whom were buried in 
 Pere-Lachaise [The Thirteen, J5jB]. 
 
 Mauny, Baron de, was assassinated by a blow from an 
 axe, in the neighborhood of Versailles, during the Restoration 
 or before 1830, by Victor — the Parisian — who soon after pre- 
 sented himself at the house of the Aiglemonts and obtained an 
 asylum in the family of Helene, his future mistress [A Woman 
 of Thirty, H\ 
 
 Maupin, Camille. See Touches, Felicite des. 
 
 Maurice, valet of the Comte and Comtesse Restaud, under 
 the Restoration. His master believed that he was devoted to 
 his interests ; on the contrary, he was wholly devoted to the 
 countess, who opposed him [Father Goriot, 6r — M. Gob- 
 seek, g\ 
 
 Medal, Robert, a celebrated actor of much talent; he 
 played, at Paris, in the last years of Louis-Philippe's reign, at 
 
360 COMPENDIUM 
 
 the time when Sylvain Pons directed the orchestra at the 
 theatre managed by Gaudissart [Cousin Pons, d6\. 
 
 Melin, an innkeeper in the west of France, who lodged the 
 Royalists who were judged by Mergi, 1809, and was given, 
 for his portion, five years' imprisonment [The Seamy Side of 
 History, T]. 
 
 Melmoth, John, an Irishman* (Englishman), ''reeking 
 of his native isle," a satanic personage who made a strange 
 bargain with Rodolphe Castanier,f de Nucingen's faithless 
 cashier, by v/hich they reciprocally exchanged identities ; he 
 died in the odor of sanctity, on the Rue Ferou, Paris, 1821 
 [Melmoth Reconciled, 6?]. 
 
 Memmi, Emilio. See Varese, Prince de. 
 
 Mene-a-Bien, Coupiau's nickname. 
 
 Mergi, De, a magistrate of the Empire and the Restoration, 
 whose zeal was rewarded in both reigns, in that he always 
 struck at the representatives of the vanquished cause. The 
 court over which he presided, in 1809, was commissioned to 
 judge **the Chauffeurs of Mortagne" ; Mergi officiously arrayed 
 himself against Mme. de la Chanterie [The Seamy Side of 
 History, T\ 
 
 Mergi, De, son of the foregoing ; he married Vanda de la 
 Bourlac [The Seamy Side of History, TJ. 
 
 Mergi, Baronne Vanda de, nee Bourlac; of Polish origin, 
 of the Tarlowski family on the maternal side ; she married 
 the son of the noted magistrate, Mergi ; she survived him, 
 condemned to misery, poverty, and illness ; she was succored 
 in Paris by Godefroid, Mme. de la Chanterie's assistant, who 
 also cared for her father ; he called in Doctors Bianchon, 
 
 * The compilers make Melmoth an " Irlandais ' puant 1' Anglais * " ; 
 the Edition Difinitive reads : " un Anglais. Cet homme puait 1' An- 
 glais.' ' — Translator. 
 
 f They went together, accompanied by Aquilina, to the Gymnase to see 
 ** le Comedien d'Etampes," a vaudeville signed by Moreau and Sewrin j 
 represented June 23, 1821. 
 
comAdie HUMAINE. 361 
 
 Desplein, and Haudry ; she was finally saved by MoVse Hal- 
 persohn [The Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Mergi, Auguste de, during the second half of Louis- 
 Philippe's reign, was in succession a scholar, a student of 
 law, and a modest employe of the Palais, Paris ; he cared for 
 and served his mother, Vanda de Mergi, with an ingenious 
 devotion. For her he stole four thousand francs from Moise 
 Halpersohn, but was not '^uneasy," thanks to one of the 
 brothers of "Consolation," a table guest of Mme. de la 
 Chanterie [The Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Merle, a captain in the 72d demi-brigade ; gay and care- 
 less. Killed at la Vivetiere, December, 1799, by Pille-Miche 
 (Cibot) [The Chouans, _B]. 
 
 Merlin, of Douai, a Conventionalist, and for two years 
 one of the five directors ; attorney-general of the Court of 
 Cassation ; about the end of September, 1805, he rejected the 
 petition of the Simeuses, Hauteserres, and Michu, who were 
 convicted of having abducted Senator Malin [A Historical 
 Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Merlin, Hector, went from Limoges to Paris to take up 
 journalism ; he was a Royalist ; the most brilliant in the first 
 two years of Lucien de Rubempre's literary and political 
 work. Merlin was then Suzanne du Val-Noble's lover; he 
 worked on Andoche Finot's little gazette. He was a dan- 
 gerous journalist, who would do anything to gain the reward 
 of an editor-in-chief's hat. In March, 1822, together with 
 Theodore Gaillard, he founded *' le Reveil," another sort of 
 ''white sheet." Hector Merlin had ''an ill-shaped face, 
 pierced by two tender, blue eyes, startling in their malice. 
 His voice partook of the mewling of cats and the asthmatic 
 sniffle of the hyena" [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, M\ 
 
 Merlin de la Blottiere, Mademoiselle, of the aristoc- 
 racy of Tours in 1826; the friend of Francois Birotteau [The 
 Abbe Birotteau, %\. 
 
362 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Merret, De, a Picard gentleman, owner of the *' Great 
 Bret6che," near Vendome, under the Empire; he had the 
 door of the closet walled up in which his wife's lover, Bagos 
 de Feredia, the Spaniard, was hidden. He died at Paris in 
 i8t6, in consequence of excess [Another Study of Woman, I — 
 The Great Breteche, l\ 
 
 Merret, Madame Josephine de, wife of the foregoing; 
 the mistress of Feredia, whom she refused to deliver to her 
 husband, and who perished almost before her eyes. She died 
 the same year as Merret at the Great Breteche. The story of 
 Mme. Merret inspired a vaudeville which was presented at the 
 Gymnase-Dramatique under the title of ''Valentine" [An- 
 other Study of Woman, I — The Great Bretdche, ?]. 
 
 Merkstus, a banker at Douai ; under the Restoration he 
 had a bill of exchange for ten thousand francs, subscribed by 
 Balthazar Claes, and in 1819 he presented it at his house for 
 payment [The Quest of the Absolute, jy\. 
 
 Metivier, a paper merchant on the Rue Serpente, Paris, 
 under the Restoration ; a correspondent of David Sechard's ; 
 a friend of Gobseck and Bidault, like them he frequented the 
 Cafe Themis, between the Rue Dauphine and the Quai Augus- 
 tins. He retired from business, having two daughters and an 
 income of a hundred thousand francs [Lost Illusions, iV^— Les 
 Employes, cc — The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Metivier, nephew and successor of the foregoing; he 
 could have married one of his daughters. He was in the 
 book business with Morand and Barbet ; he exploited Bourlac, 
 1838 ; he lived in the Thuilliers' house, Rue Saint-Dominique- 
 d'Enfer, 1840; had various business relations with Jeanne- 
 Marie-Brigitte, Cerizet, and Dutocq in accounts of divers titles 
 and degrees [The Seamy Side of History, T— The Middle 
 Classes, ee\. 
 
 Meynardie, Madame, had successively, under the Restora- 
 tion, at Paris, a warehouse or workroom in which Ida Gouget 
 worked; it was certainly a** house of tolerance," and she 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 363 
 
 counted Esther van Gobseck amongst her boarders [Ferra- 
 gus, hh — The Harlot's Progress, Y]. 
 
 Meyraux, a doctor of medicine; a young scientist with 
 whom Louis Lambert read about November, 1819, in Paris. 
 Meyraux was a member of the Cenacle of the Rue des Quatre- 
 Vents, presided over by Daniel d'Arthez. He died in 1832 
 [Louis Lambert, xi — A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, ilff]. 
 
 Michaud, Justin, an old sergeant-major in the cuirassiers 
 of the Imperial Guard ; chevalier of the Legion of Honor. 
 He married Olympe Charel, a chambermaid of the Mont- 
 cornets at Blangy. He was secretly, but unknown to himself, 
 loved by Genevieve Niseron. His soldierly frankness and 
 loyal devotion succumbed before the redoubtable league 
 formed against him by Sibilet, the steward at the Aigues, and 
 Rigou, Soudry, Gaubertin, Fourchon, and Tonsard. Thanks 
 to the complicity of Courtecuisse and Vaudoyer, Frangois 
 Tonsard's bullet, 1823, shut down Michaud's vigilance by his 
 death [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Michaud, Madame Justin, originally of the Perche, wife 
 of the foregoing, nee Olympe Charel; a daughter of farm 
 laborers ; pretty and honest ; once Mme. de Montcornet's 
 maid before her marriage and installation at the Aigues. She 
 married Justin Michaud for love; she had in her service 
 Cornevin, Juliette, and Gounod ; received Genevieve Niseron, 
 whom, she looked upon as of a strange nature ; she trembled 
 for her husband, who was hounded in Blangy, and died from 
 alarm the same night that Michaud was assassinated ; she had 
 just been brought to bed of a child, which also died [The 
 Peasantry, 22]. 
 
 Michel, a waiter at Socquard's cafe, Soulanges, 1823; he 
 trimmed his employer's vines and kept his garden- in order 
 [The Peasantry, jK]. 
 
 Michonneau, Christine-Michelle. See Poiret senior, 
 Madame. 
 
 Michu, during and after the French Revolution, played a 
 
364 COMPENDIUM 
 
 part in the department of the Aube which was contrary to his 
 real political attachments. Of humble origin, with a harsh 
 appearance, he contracted a marriage with the daughter of a 
 tanner of Troyes, who held very advanced opinions — all these 
 conspired to make him seem a Republican ; lastly Michu dis- 
 simulated his faith in the Royalists by an active devotion to the 
 Simeuses, the Hauteserres, and the Cinq-Cygnes. Michu, 
 from 1789 to 1804, was the steward-keeper of the Gondre- 
 ville estate, taken from its legitimate owners ; and, under the 
 Terror, was the president of a Jacobin club at Arcis. Follow- 
 ing the assassination of the Due d'Enghien, March 21, 1804, 
 he was dismissed from his position at Gondreville. Michu 
 then went to live not far from there, in Laurence de Cinq- 
 Cygne's employ ; to her he revealed all the secrets of his con- 
 duct and became her head farmer. Known to be openly 
 antagonistic to Malin, he passed as being the principal accom- 
 plice in Malin 's abduction ; he was for this, in spite of his 
 innocence, sentenced to death and executed in October, 1806 
 [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Michu, Marthe, wife of the foregoing, daughter of a 
 tanner of Troyes, '* the apostle of the Revolution in that 
 town," who was compromised and convicted as an ** agi- 
 tator." A blonde, with blue eyes, she was made by her father 
 to represent a statue of liberty in a public ceremony, which 
 affected her modesty. Marthe Michu worshiped her husband, 
 by whom she had one son, Francois ; for a long time she was 
 ignorant of her husband's secret and in some sort led a separate 
 life from him, being drawn to her mother. When she learned 
 of the Royalist schemes of her husband, and that he was de- 
 voted to the Cinq-Cygnes, she was overjoyed and partook his 
 devotion to them ; but unhappily falling into a snare laid for 
 her, she was unknowingly the cause of her husband's con- 
 demnation and execution. A forged letter told her of the 
 place in which Malin was confined ; she went there with 
 food for him. She attended her husband during the trial, 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 365 
 
 and her death occurred in November, 1806 [A Historical 
 Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Michu, Francois, son of the foregoing, born in 1793. In 
 1803 he unhorsed a gendarme, on behalf of the house of Cinq- 
 Cygne. His parents' tragic death — the portrait of his father 
 decorated Cinq-Cygne castle — caused his adoption by the 
 Marquise Laurence, whose care opened to him a career at the 
 bar, which he exercised from 181 7 to 1819, leaving it then for 
 the magistracy. He was a judge of the Aiengon court in 1824. 
 He was then appointed procureur and received the cross of 
 the Legion of Honor, after the intended action against Vic- 
 turnien d'Esgrignon by du Bousquier and the Liberals. Three 
 years later he performed the like function in the Arcis court, 
 of which he became president in 1839. He was wealthy, 
 having an income of twelve thousand francs settled upon him 
 by Mme. de Cinq-Cygne. In 1814 Francois Michu married 
 Mile. Girel, of Troyes, a country heiress. In Arcis he only 
 frequented the functionaries and the Cinq-Cygne family, who 
 became related to the Cadignans by marriage [A Historical 
 Mystery, ff—Tho: Collection of Antiquities, aa — The Dep- 
 uty for Arcis, DD']. 
 
 Michu, Madame Francois, nee Girel, wife of the fore- 
 going. Like her husband she seemed, in 1839, to keep aloof 
 from the people of Arcis and only entered the circle of the 
 official colony and the family of the Cinq-Cygnes [A Histor- 
 ical Mystery, j^— The Deputy for Arcis, DZ>^. 
 
 Migeon, in 1836, was a janitor, Rue des Martyrs, of the 
 house inhabited for three years by Etienne Lousteau ; the year 
 following Mme. de la Baudraye descended upon him there. 
 Migeon carried some jewelry for her to the mont-de-piete,^ and 
 received nine hundred francs thereon [Muse of the Depart- 
 ment, CC\ 
 
 Migeon, Pamela, daughter of the foregoing, born about 
 1823 ; was in 1837 the intelligent little chambermaid of Mme. 
 * The State pawn-office. 
 
366 COMPENDIUM 
 
 de la Baudraye, when the baroness was living with Lousteau 
 [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Mignon de la Bastie, Charles, born in 1773 ; originally 
 from the department of the Van '' the last young shoot of the 
 family to which Paris owed the street and hotel bearing that 
 name; the latter being built by Cardinal Mignon" ; he was 
 something of a soldier under the Republic ; he was bound to 
 Anne Dumay. At the beginning of the Empire he made a 
 marriage of reciprocal inclination with Bettina Wallenrod, the 
 only daughter of a Frankfort banker; some time before the 
 return of the Bourbons he was appointed a lieutenant-colonel 
 and became a commander of the Legion of Honor. Under 
 the Restoration, Charles Mignon de la Bastie was settled at 
 r Havre with his wife ; as a banker he acquired a large fortune ; 
 this he lost. He expatriated himself and went to the Orient, 
 returning a multi-millionaire in the last year of Charles X.'s 
 reign. By his marriage he had four children ; of these he lost 
 three : two died at an early age ; the third, Bettina Caroline, 
 was seduced, then deserted, by M. d'Estourny ; she died in 
 1827. Marie-Modeste, the sole surviving one, confided, 
 during her father's voyaging, to the care of the Dumays, who 
 were under obligations to the Mignons, became Mme. Ernest 
 de la Bastie-La Briere.* The career and life, now become 
 brilliant, of Charles Mignon allowed him to resume his name 
 and title of Comte de la Bastie [Modeste Mignon, _K^]. 
 
 Mignon, Madame Charles, wife of the foregoing, ^^^ Bet- 
 tina Wallenrod-Tustall-Bartenstild, the spoiled daughter 
 of a banker at Frankfort-on-the-Main. She lost her sight, 
 after the unhappy and premature end of the eldest of her 
 two daughters, Bettina-Caroline. Her youngest daughter, 
 Marie-Modeste, f became Mme. de la Bastie-La Briere. Li 
 the last months of the Restoration, Mme. Charles Mignon 
 was operated on by Desplein ; she recovered her sight, and 
 
 * Also called : la Bri^re-La Bastie. 
 
 f A passionate reader of Melchior de Canalis' poetry. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 367 
 
 was a witness of Marie-Modeste's happiness [Modeste Mig- 
 non, jKT]. 
 
 Mignon, Bettina-Caroline, the eldest daughter of the 
 preceding; born in 1805; the picture of her father; a true 
 Southern type ; her mother's favorite ; her younger sister re- 
 sembled her mother ; she was a kind of *• Gretchen." Bettina- 
 Caroline was seduced, carried off, and then deserted by an 
 adventurer named d'Estourny; and she died at I'Havre, 
 whither she returned, surrounded by nearly all her family. 
 On her tombstone, in the little cemetery at Ingouville, in 
 1827, was the following inscription : Bettina-Caroline Mig- 
 non, AGED TWENTY-TWO. PrAY FOR HER [ModcStC Mignon,^]. 
 
 Mignon, Marie-Modeste. See La Bastie-La Briere, 
 Madame Ernest de. 
 
 Mignonne, the name given by the Provencal, in memory 
 of a mistress named Virginie, to the panther which he tamed 
 in the desert [A Passion in the Desert, ds^ H.]. 
 
 Mignonnet, born in 1782; when he left the schools was 
 a captain of artillery in the Imperial Guard, and retired, under 
 the Restoration, to Issoudun. A thin, little man, full of dig- 
 nity; taken up with science; a friend of the cavalry officer 
 Carpentier; both were of one accord with the bourgeoisie 
 against Maxence Gilet, whose two military partisans. Major 
 Potel and Captain Renard, belonged to the faubourg of Rome, 
 Bellville [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Milaud de la Baudraye. See La Baudraye, Jean-Atha- 
 nase-Polydore Milaud de. 
 
 Milaud, a handsome man, a relative of Jean-Athanase- 
 Polydore Milaud de la Baudraye. By Marchanzy's favor he 
 once embarked in an administrative career as public minister. 
 We know him, under Louis XVIIL, as a substitute at Angou- 
 leme, where his successor was Petit-Claud. Milaud after this 
 performed the same functions at Nevers, which was probably 
 his native place [Lost Illusions, JV^ — Muse of the Depart- 
 ment, CC\ 
 
368 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Millet, grocer, Rue Chanoinesse, who had charge of the 
 renting of a small vacant room, in 1836, in Mme. de la Chan- 
 terie's house; he gave certain information to Godefroid, after 
 having submitted him to a thorough questioning [The Seamy 
 Side of History, T\ 
 
 Millot, Mademoiselle, was,* in 1821, the mistress of 
 the head-claquer, Braulard [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 Paris, M\ 
 
 Minard, Louis, an insurrectionist, a Chauffeur, compro- 
 mised in the Royalist rising in the west of France in 1809; 
 he was brought before the court held by Bourlac and Mergi ; 
 he was condemned to capital punishment, and executed the 
 same year [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Minard, Auguste-Jean-Francois, a clerk in the Bureau 
 of Finance, with a salary of fifteen hundred francs. He 
 came to know — at the house of the sister of one of his fellow- 
 clerks. Mile. Godard, an artificial-flower maker. Rue Riche- 
 lieu — a workwoman, Zelie Lorain, w^ho was the daughter of 
 a janitor; beloved and finally married her. She gave him 
 two children, Julien and Prudence. He then lived near the 
 Courcelles barrier; he worked, saved, was an inoffensive 
 man, and was not troubled by Bixiou's railleries. He was 
 dismissed in December, 1824; Frangois Minard then went 
 into business as a maker of re-dried teas and imitation choco- 
 late, sold at low prices in the quarter Saint-Marcel ; afterward 
 he became a distiller. In 1835 he was the richest merchant 
 in the quarter, and was located in the Place Maubert ; he also 
 owned one of the most beautiful houses on the Rue des 
 Magons-Sorbonne.* About 1840 Minard is found mayor of 
 the eleventh arrondissement — he resided there — a judge in 
 the commercial court, officer of the Legion of Honor. About 
 this time he renewed acquaintance with his old colleagues : 
 Colleville, Thuillier, Dutocq, Fleury, Phellion, Xavier Ra- 
 bourdin, Saillard, Isidore Baudoyer, and Godard [Les 
 * This name has been changed to the Rue ChampoUion. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE, 369 
 
 Employes, cc — The Firm of Nucingen, t — The Middle 
 Classes, ee\. 
 
 Minard, Madame, nee Zelie Lorain, a daughter of janitors, 
 wife of the foregoing. She once made a trial to enter the 
 Conservatoire, but her cold temperament and prudent char- 
 acter caused her to become an artificial-flower maker, for she 
 worked for Mile. Godard. Zelie Minard, after her marriage, 
 gave her husband, Francois Minard, two children ; with the 
 assistance of her mother, Mme. Lorain, she became modestly 
 established near the Courcelles barrier.* Under Louis-Phil- 
 ippe she became rich and lived in that part of the faubourg 
 Saint-Germain which adjoins the faubourg Saint- Jacques ; she 
 soon acquired the foolish fripperies of rich parvenus [Les 
 Employes, CC — The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Minard, Julien, son of the preceding ones ; a barrister 
 who was once looked upon as ^' the genius of the family," but 
 about 1840, in Paris, he acted foolishly with Olympe Cardinal, 
 the creator of the ** Telegraphe de I'amour," played by her at 
 that time on the little stage of the Mourier.f These dissipa- 
 tions were stopped by his father, who established the actress ; 
 she became Mme. Cerizet [The Middle Classes, e€i\. 
 
 Minard, Prudence, daughter and sister of the foregoing 
 ones ; she is found to be married to Felix Gaudissart, about 
 the end of Louis-Philippe's reign [The Middle Classes, ee— 
 Cousin Pons, dc\. 
 
 Minette,J an actress at the Vaudeville, on the Rue de 
 Chartres, under the Restoration ; she died at the beginning 
 
 * Since i860 this suburb has become a portion of the city of Paris, be- 
 longing to the eighth arrondissement. 
 
 f This theatre, founded in 1831, on the Boulevard du Temple, was re- 
 placed by the first Ambigu ; it was changed to No. 40 Rue de Bondy, 
 December 30, 1862. 
 
 X Minette married M. Marguerite ; she lived the last years of her life 
 in the great house at the comer of the Rues Saint-Georges and Provence, 
 Paris. 
 
 24 
 
370 COMPENDIUM 
 
 of the second Empire, the legitimate wife of a director of the 
 Gaz ; she had the reputation of '* repartee " ; among other of 
 her sayings was : "The times are out of joint " ; this was cited 
 before Lucien de Ruberapre in 1820-22 [A Distinguished 
 Provincial at Paris, iHf ]. 
 
 Minorets, The, a family of stewards of Mile. Sophie 
 Laguerre ; the predecessors of Gaubertin, at the Aigues ; they 
 had acquired one-third part of the domain [The Peasan- 
 try, JK]. Mme. Flavie Colleville's relations (she was the 
 daughter of a dancer, who was kept by Galathionne, and per- 
 haps of du Bourguier, the contractor) [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Minoret, Doctor Denis, originally of Nemours, born in 
 1746 ; was protected by Dupont, a deputy to the States-general 
 in 1789, of whom he was the compatriot. Educated by the 
 Abbe Morellet, he was also the pupil of Rouelle the chemist, 
 and a fervent disciple of Bordeu, a friend of Diderot's, thanks 
 to whom he acquired an excellent practice. Denis Minoret 
 invented the Lelidvre balm ; he was known as a protege of 
 Robespierre's ; married the daughter of a noted harpist, Valen- 
 tin Mirouet, who died suddenly soon after the execution of 
 Mme. Roland. The Empire, as had also the preceding 
 regimes, rewarded Minoret's talent ; he became consulting 
 physician to his royal and imperial majesty, 1805 ; physician- 
 ^n-chief of a hospital ; an officer of the Legion of Honor ; 
 chevalier of Saint-Michel, and a member of the Institute. 
 He retired to Nemours (on the Rue des Bourgeois, now the 
 Rue Bezout) in January, 1815 ; he lived there with his ward, 
 Ursule Mirouet, the daughter of his brother-in-law, Joseph 
 Mirouet ; she later became Mme. Savinien de Portenduere ; 
 when he received her she was an orphan. As she was the 
 living picture of Mme. Denis Minoret, he loved her to the 
 exclusion of his own relatives — Minoret-Levrault, Massin, 
 and Cremidre — who, fearing the loss of such an important 
 succession, persecuted his adopted child. Dr. Minoret, at 
 the time when he was fully occupied with their intrigues, re- 
 
COMAdIE HUMAINE. 371 
 
 visited Bouvard, a Parisian colleague with whom he had once 
 been intimate, but had since quarreled, and, thanks to his 
 test of animal magnetism, learned much that was happening in 
 his family. He died at a ripe old age, converted by Ursule's 
 influence from a confirmed Voltairian belief; she benefited 
 largely under his will, 1835 [Ursule Mirouet, JEL\ 
 
 Minoret-Levrault, Francois, son of the preceding's 
 eldest brother; his next of kin; born about 1769; a brutal, 
 illiterate Hercules, master of post-horses and the leading inn- 
 keeper at Nemours, in consequence of his marriage to Zelie 
 Levrault-Cremiere, an only daughter. A deputy-mayor after 
 the Revolution of 1830, he was, as Dr. Minoret's nearest heir, 
 Ursule's most malignant persecutor; he stole the will made in 
 favor of that young damsel. Soon after he was compelled to 
 make restitution ; he was seized with remorse and stricken in 
 his son Desire, who was the victim of a carriage accident, and 
 by his wife becoming a lunatic. Francois Minoret-Levrault 
 constituted himself the strict steward of Ursule's property ; she 
 became Mme. Savinien de Portenduere [Ursule Mirouet, .H]. 
 
 Minoret-Levrault, Madame Francois, nee Zelie Lev- 
 rault-Cremiere, wife of the foregoing ; of a frail appearance, 
 of sour mien and tone, sharp, avaricious, and as uncultivated 
 as her husband, to whom she gave half her maiden name — 
 according to local usage — and an excellent tavern-keeper. 
 She was the real manager of the post-house at Nemours ; she 
 worshiped her son Desire ; she was punished for her cupidity 
 and persecutions against Ursule Mirouet by the tragic end 
 of her son ; she died a lunatic at the house of Dr. Blanche,* 
 in the village of Passy,f 1841 [Ursule Mirouet, S\ 
 
 Minoret, Desire, son of the two foregoing; born in 1805. 
 A half-pay pupil at the lycee Louis-le-Grand, Paris, by the 
 favor of Fontanes, who knew Dr. Minoret ; he came under 
 
 * A sanitarium on the Rue Barton. 
 
 f A suburb of Paris, annexed in i860, and now a quarter in the six- 
 teenth arrondissement. 
 
372 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Goupil's influence when the latter dissipated his fortune in his 
 youthful days ; he was in succession the lover of Esther van 
 Gobseck and Sophie Grignault (Florine), who refused him as 
 a husband and became Mme. Nathan. Desire Minoret took 
 little part in the persecutions of Ursule Mirouet. He served 
 in the Revolution of 1830. He fought during the "three 
 glorious days," obtained the decoration, and was appointed 
 substitute procureur at Fontainebleau. He died of a carriage 
 accident, October, 1836 [Ursule Mirouet, JBT]. 
 
 Mirah, Josepha, born in 181 4. A Jewess, the natural 
 daughter of a rich Hebrew banker ; deserted in Germany, she 
 made her name of Mirah by forming an anagram of her real 
 name, Hiram. At fifteen she was a workwoman at Paris and 
 was discovered and debauched by Celestin Crevel, whom she 
 left for Hector Hulot, who was less economical. She was 
 then having her voice cultivated, and, under Louis-Philippe, 
 she had some brilliant engagements at the Italiens, on the 
 Rue Le Peletier.* When she had ruined Hector she deserted 
 him, and at the same stroke took a mansion near the Academic 
 Royale de Musique, Rue Chauchat — at divers times occupied 
 by Tullia, Comtesse du Bruel, and HeloYse Brisetout. The 
 Due d'Hdrouville became Mirah's lover. This liaison brought 
 about a splendid establishment on the Rue de la Ville-rEveque, 
 at which a great installation fete was given. Josepha there 
 held a kind of court. One of the Kellers and the Marquis 
 d'Esgrignon were ** crazy" about her. Eugdne Rastignac, 
 then a minister, called at her house and she sang the great 
 cavatina, *Ma Muette," for him. Immoral, capricious, 
 covetous, spirituelle, sometimes good, Josepha Mirah gave 
 proof of her generosity when she protected and succored the 
 unfortunate Hector Hulot, for whom she provided Olympe 
 Grenouville. Finally the singer gave Mme. Adeline Hulot 
 some information about the baron, then lying hidden in the 
 Passage du Soleil, in the quarter de la Petite-Pologne. We 
 ♦Formerly the home of Paris opera, 1822 to 1873. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 373 
 
 are told that Josepha Mirah had a portrait painted by Joseph 
 Bridau [Cousin Betty, w — The Deputy for Arcis, J)Z>]. 
 
 Mirault, a name of a branch of the Bargeton family; 
 merchants of Bordeaux, in the eighteenth and nineteenth 
 centuries [Lost Illusions, lf[\ 
 
 Mirbel, Madame de, a celebrated miniature painter, 1796- 
 1849 ; she successively painted: the portrait of Louise de Chau- 
 lieu, given by the young woman to her future husband, Baron 
 de Macumer; the portrait of Lucien de Rubempre, destined for 
 Esther van Gobseck; the portrait of Charles X., ornamented 
 with the legend: ''Given by the King," for the Princesse de 
 Cadignan, which she carefully guarded in her little salon on the 
 Rue Miromesnil, after the Revolution of 1830 [Letters of Two 
 Brides, v — The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z— The Secrets of the 
 Princess of Cadignan, z\. 
 
 Mirouet, Ursule. See Portenduere, Vicomtesse Savinien 
 de. 
 
 Mirouet, Valentin, a famous harpist and clavichord 
 player; a maker of musical instruments; one of the most 
 celebrated French organists; the brother-in-law of Dr. Mi- 
 noret; died in 1785 ; his stock was bought by Erard [Ursule 
 Mirouet, J]. 
 
 Mirouet, Joseph, natural son of the foregoing, the natural 
 brother-in-law of Dr. Denis Minoret ; a musician of some 
 merit ; by nature a bohemian, he belonged to a regiment, as 
 a bandsman, during the wars at the beginning of the nine- 
 teenth century ; he crossed Germany with the French troops, 
 and married Dinah Grollman, by whom he had one daughter, 
 Ursule — afterward Vicomtesse de Portendufere — early leaving 
 her an orphan and poor [Ursule Mirouet, ff]. 
 
 Mistigris, the nickname of the rapin Lora, Leon de. 
 
 Mitant, La, a woman of Conches, without means, and 
 convicted of taking pasturage from Montcornet's estate, in 
 1823 ; her cow was seized by the bailiff Brunet, assisted by 
 Vermichel and Fourchon [The Peasantry, 2J]. 
 
374 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Mitouflet, an old grenadier of the Imperial Guard, the 
 husband of a rich vine-grower, kept the Soleil d'Or tavern at 
 Vouvray, Touraine. After 1830 Felix Gaudissart was a guest 
 of his, and he served as his second in a duel of " little 
 damage," provoked by the practical joke played on the illus- 
 trious drummer, who was made the dupe of the crazy Mar- 
 garitis [Gaudissart the Great, o]. 
 
 Mitouflet, a doorkeeper at the War Office, under Louis- 
 Philippe, in the time of Cottin of Wissembourg, Hulot d'Ervy, 
 and Marneffe [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Mitral, a bachelor whose eyes and face were of the color 
 of snuff ; a bailiff at Paris, under the Restoration ; at the same 
 time a usurer, who had in his clientage Molineux and Birot- 
 teau ; he was invited to the famous ball given by the perfumer, 
 in December, 1818. The maternal uncle of Isidore Baudoyer; 
 intimate with Bidault, Gigonnet, and Esther-Jean van Gob- 
 seek ; Mitral by their aid secured the advancement of his 
 nephew in the Treasury, December, 1824. His home at that 
 time was between I'lsle-Adam, the Marais, and the faubourg 
 Saint-Marceau, the divers residences of his numerous family 
 connections. He possessed quite a little fortune, which would 
 doubtless descend to Isidore Baudoyer ; Mitral retired to the 
 department of Seine-et-Oise [Cesar Birotteau, O — Les Em- 
 ployes, cc]. 
 
 Mizerai, in 1836, a restaurateur. Rue Michel-le-Comte, 
 Paris; at \yhose place Z. Marcus dined for nine sous 
 [Z. Marcas, ifii\. 
 
 Modinier, M. de Watteville*s steward; "governor" of 
 Rouxey, the Watteville patrimony [Albert Savaron, /"]. 
 
 Moinot, a letter-carrier about 1815, in the quarter of la 
 Chaussee-d'Antin, Paris; married, the father of four children, 
 living at No. 1 1 Rue des Trois-Freres — now the Rue Taitbout 
 — on the " fifth " ; he innocently revealed Paquita Valdes' ad- 
 dress to Laurent, de Marsay's servant, who adroitly obtained 
 it from him. "'Really my name is written the same as a 
 
COMAdIE HUMAINE. 375 
 
 moineau — M-o-i-n-o-t, Moinot.' 'Just so,' said Laurent" 
 [The Girl with Golden Eyes, ds, II.]- 
 
 Moise, a Jew who had been at the head of the " rouleurs " 
 of the South, of whom la Gonore was the widow in 1830 
 [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ;$;]. 
 
 Moise, a musician of Troyes that Mme. Beauvisage pro- 
 posed should be sent for to give lessons to her daughter 
 Cecile, at Arcis-sur-Aube, 1839 [The Deputy for Arcis, X>2>]. 
 
 Molineux, Jean-Baptiste, a keen, avaricious Parisian 
 house-owner. In 181 5 the Mesdames Crochard were among 
 his tenants, between the Rues Tourniquet-Saint-Jean* and la 
 Tixeranderie ; about the same time, on the Rue de Surene, he 
 lodged the Mesdames Leseigneur de Rouville and Hippolyte 
 Schinner. Jean-Baptiste lived in the Cour Batave, during the 
 early years of Louis XVIII. 's reign. He then owned, on the 
 Rue Saint-Honore, a house against the back of Birotteau's 
 store. Molineux was one of the number invited to the 
 famous ball, December 17, 181 8; some time after he was re- 
 . ceiver of the estate of the bankrupt perfumer [A Second 
 Home, z — The Purse, p — Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 MoUot, in 1839, at Arcis-sur-Aube, appointed clerk to a 
 justice of the peace by the influence of his wife, Sophie ; he 
 often visited the house of Mme. Marion and there saw 
 Beauvisage, Goulard, Giguet, and Herbelot [The Deputy for 
 Arcis, J>1>]. 
 
 Mollot, Madame Sophie, wife of the foregoing ; a gossip- 
 ing, inquisitive woman. She was quite uneasy about the 
 personality of Maxime de Trailles, during the election period 
 which opened in Arcis-sur-Aube, April, 1839 [The Deputy for 
 
 Arcis, jyjy\. 
 
 Mollot, Ernestine, daughter of the preceding, was, in 
 1839, a young person looking out for a husband. She proba- 
 bly married Simon Giguet [The Deputy for Arcis, J>J[>]. 
 
 Mongenod, born in 1764; son of an advocate to the great 
 * Of an old date ; this quarter has been entirely reconstructed. 
 
376 COMPENDIUM 
 
 council ; he was left an income of five or six thousand livres 
 per annum. Ruined under the Revolution, he was once a 
 clerk of Bordin's; Frederic Alain was a fellow-clerk in the 
 same office. He tried for success in divers ways : as a jour- 
 nalist with "la Sentinelle," founded or resumed by him; in 
 musical composition, with 'Mes Peruviens," a comic opera 
 presented on the Feydeau* stage in 1798. His marriage and 
 the care of the family which resulted from it caused his affairs 
 to become embarrassed. Mongenod borrowed some money 
 of Frederic Alain to help in giving a first presentation of the 
 *' Marriage de Figaro " ; in turn he borrowed a certain amount 
 which was not conveniently returned. He left for America, 
 made a fortune, and returned in January, 181 6; he paid off 
 Alain in full with compound interest. From this time dated 
 the establishment of the celebrated Parisian banking-house of 
 Mongenod & Co., then Mongenod Brothers, and which later 
 became the famous Mongenod & Sons. About 1819, when 
 Cesar Birotteau's failure occurred, Mongenod was occupied 
 on the Bourse, f where he elbowed stockbrokers, merchants, 
 and bookkeepers. Mongenod died during the year 1827 [The 
 Seamy Side of History, T— Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Mongenod, Madame Charlotte, wife of the foregoing ; 
 she bravely supported her poverty during the year 1798, and 
 sold her hair for two crowns of six livres, in order to support 
 her family. In 1827 Mme. Mongenod became a widow; she 
 was very wealthy, but remained the counselor and soul of the 
 banking firm, which was directed by her two sons, Frederic 
 and Louis, under Louis-Philippe, Rue de la Victoire, Paris 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Mongenod, Frederic, the eldest of the three children of 
 
 * The Rue de la Bourse now occupies the site of the Feydeau theatre 
 and its dependencies ; the passage or alley of the same name was in ex- 
 istence until 1826. 
 
 f The Bourse was at this time provisionally held on the Rue Feydeau, 
 until the completion of the Bourse building. 
 
COM Ad IE HUMAINE, 377 
 
 the foregoing; he received his Christian name in honor of 
 M. Alain; he became, after 1827, on the Rue de la Victoire, 
 Paris, the head of the paternal banking firm. Among his 
 clientage were : the Marquis d'Espard, Charles Mignon de la 
 Bastie, Baronne de la Chanterie, and Godefroid, all of whom 
 confided their funds to him [Modeste Mignon, JK. — The 
 Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Mongenod, Louis, younger brother of the foregoing ; as- 
 sistant manager on the Rue de la Victoire, where he received 
 the prudent maternal recommendations of Mme. Charlotte 
 Mongenod, at the time of a visit paid by Godefroid in 1836 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Mongenod, Mademoiselle, sister and daughter of the 
 foregoing of the same surname ; born in 1 799 ; it was pro- 
 posed, in January, 1816, that she should marry Frederic Alain, 
 but he would not accept her on account of her wealth and 
 youth. She married Vicomte de Fontaine [The Seamy Side 
 of History, T]. 
 
 Monistrol, an Auvergnat, a second-hand furniture dealer, 
 Paris, about the close of Louis-Philippe's reign ; in succession 
 on the Rue de Lappe and the new Boulevard Beaumarchais ; 
 he was one of the first dealers in curiosities, which later so 
 largely developed as a business ; but this was already recog- 
 nized by the Popinots, the Pons, and the Remonencqs 
 [Cousin Pons, a?]. 
 
 Montauran, Marquis Alphonse de, was, about the end 
 of the eighteenth century, in and outside of France, mixed up 
 in nearly all the important Royalist intrigues. He was also, 
 through the aid of Ragon, the perfumer and proprietor of the 
 *' Queen of Roses," in correspondence with Flamet de la Bil- 
 lardiere and Comte de Fontaine, of Paris, on behalf of the 
 Royalists of the West of France. Too young to have seen 
 Versailles, Alphonse de Montauran had not '* that fine flowery 
 manner which distinguished Lauzun, Adhemar, Coigny, and 
 some others." His education had been spoiled. He particu- 
 
578 COMPENDIUM 
 
 larly distinguished himself in the autumn of 1799. He had 
 an attractive person ; his youth and combination of bravery 
 and authority were noticed by Louis XVIII. He became, 
 under the name of the ''Gars," head of the Chouans; in 
 September he headed them against the Blues on the plains of 
 la Pelerine, situated between Fougeres (Ille-et-Vilaine) and 
 Ernee (Mayence), where he engaged them. Mme. du Gua 
 would not leave him. Alphonse de Montauran, after having 
 enjoyed Charette's last mistress, sought the hand of Mile. 
 d'Uxelles. He was smitten by the spy, Marie de Verneuil, 
 who went to Brittany expressly to aid the Blues, and married 
 her at Fougeres, but the Republicans killed both himself and 
 wife some hours after their wedding [Cesar Birotteau, O— 
 The Chouans, J5]. 
 
 Montauran, Marquise Alphonse de, nee Marie-Natha- 
 lie DE Verneuil, at la Chanterie, near Alengon ; the natural 
 daughter of Mile. Blanche de Casteran, the deceased abbess 
 of Notre-Dame de Seez, and Victor-Amedee, Due de Verneuil, 
 who acknowledged her and gave her the advantages of his 
 legitimate son ; a trial between the brother and sister followed 
 this. Marie-Nathalie was then received by her guardian, the 
 Due de Lenoncourt, and passed as being his mistress ; she 
 vainly asked him to marry her, but he deserted her. She was 
 concerned in the mixed politics, both socially and as a spy, 
 during the different periods of the Revolution. After having 
 shone at Court, she had Danton as a lover. During the 
 autumn of 1799, Fouche intrusted Marie de Verneuil with the 
 capture of Alphonse de Montauran, but the beautiful spy and 
 the chief of the Whites became lovers. They were married a 
 few hours before their death, about the close of the year 1799, 
 when the Jacobins and Chouans fought on the soil of Brit- 
 tany. Mme. de Montauran donned the uniform of the Mar- 
 quis Alphonse de Montauran ; a Republican bullet struck her 
 to her death [The Chouans, J5]. 
 
 Montauran, Marquis de, the younger brother of Alphonse 
 
CO Mi: DIE HUMAINE. 379 
 
 de Montauran, was in London, in 1799, when he received a 
 letter from Colonel Hulot, which contained his brother Al- 
 phonse's last wishes. Montauran was an emigrant, but did 
 not bear arms against France ; he saved his estates by the in- 
 tervention of the same Hulot, and afterward served the Bour- 
 bons in the gendarmes, of which he became a colonel. On 
 the ascent of Louis-Philippe, he seems to have been a major 
 and retired. Under the name of M. Nicolas, he was one of 
 the Brotherhood of Consolation, Rue Chanoinesse, Paris, 
 where he was, together with Mme. de la Chanterie, to save 
 M. Auguste de Mergi from justice. In 1841 we see Montauran 
 on the Rue du Montparnasse \ he assisted at the elder Hulot's 
 funeral [The Chouans, J5 — The Seamy Side of History, T — 
 Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Montbauron, Marquise de, Raphael de Valentin's aunt ; 
 died on the scaffold during the Revolution [The Wild Ass' 
 Skin, A\ 
 
 Montcornet, Marechal, Comte de, grand cross of the 
 Legion of Honor, commander of Saint-Louis; born in 1774; 
 son of a cabinetmaker in the faubourg Saint-Antoine, *'a Paris 
 boy " ; took an active part in the wars in the last years of the 
 eighteenth century and in the early part of the nineteenth 
 century. In Spain and Pomerania, Prussia, he had command 
 of the cuirassiers of the Imperial Guard. He supplanted his 
 friend Martial de la Roche-Hugon in Mme. de Vaudremont's 
 good graces- Following this he was intimate with Mme. or 
 Mile. Fortin, the mother of Valerie Crevel. About 1815 
 Montcornet bought the old estate of Sophie Laguerre's, the 
 Aigues, for a sum in the neighborhood of one hundred thou- 
 sand francs; it was situated between Conches and Blangy and 
 near Soulanges and Ville-aux-Fayes. With the Restoration 
 the count would have liked his origin to have been forgotten, 
 but he was unable to erase the significant term that was ap- 
 plied to him by the peasantry, who called him *' the uphol- 
 sterer." Early in the year .1819 he married Virginie de 
 
380 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Troisville. His income, which amounted in all to about sixty 
 thousand francs, allowed him to keep a large retinue ; in the 
 winter he lived in a fine mansion on the Rue Neuve-des- 
 Mathurins;* he frequented Raoul Nathan's and Esther van 
 Gobseck's houses. During the summer the count, mayor of 
 Blangy, sojourned at the Aigues. His unpopularity and the 
 rancor of Gaubertin, Rigou, Sibilet, Soudry, Tonsard, and 
 Fourchon rendered his stay insupportable, so he sold the 
 estate. Montcornet was of a violent and feeble nature, he 
 could not show himself as the head of his own household. 
 The monarchy of 1830 heaped honors upon Montcornet; he 
 was given the command of a division, and became a marshal; 
 at this time he was a frequenter of the Vaudeville. f Mont- 
 cornet died in the year 1837. He did not acknowledge his 
 daughter, Valerie Crevel, but forgot her completely. He 
 was probably buried in Pere-Lachaise cemetery ; a tombstone 
 or monument in his memory had been ordered from W. Stein- 
 bock. The Montcornet device was : Sonnez la charge, or 
 Sound the Charge [Peace in the House, j — A Distinguished 
 Provincial at Paris, ilT— The Harlot's Progress, I^— The 
 Peasantry, jR — A Man of Business, I — Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Montcornet, Comtesse de. See Blondet, Madame Emile. 
 
 Montefiore, an Italian of the celebrated family of Monte- 
 fiores, Milan ; captain of a company in the 6th regiment of 
 the line under the Empire ; one of the prettiest fellows in the 
 army ; a marquis, but did not carry the title until after the 
 royal laws in Italy allowed of this being done. Tlirown by his 
 nature and " made in the mould of the Rizzios," he failed of 
 being assassinated in 1808, in the town of Tarragona, by la 
 Marana, who surprised him with her daughter, Maria- Juana- 
 
 * Now the Rue des Mathurins. 
 
 f This Paris theatre was situated up to 1838 on the Rue de Chartres. 
 The Rue de Chartres, the same as the theatre, although some time after, 
 has now disappeared ; it was between the Place du Palais-Royal and the 
 Place du Carrousel. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 381 
 
 Pepita Mancini, who later married Frangois Diard. Soon 
 after Montefiore himself married an illustrious Englishwoman ; 
 in 1823 he was killed and robbed by Diard, who had returned 
 after many years' absence, in a gambling den* in the town by 
 the water [The Maranas, e\. 
 
 Montez de Montejanos, Baron; a wealthy Brazilian 
 of a savage and primitive nature; young about 1840; was one 
 of the first lovers of Valerie Fortin — successively Mme. Mar- 
 neffe and Mme. Crevel — he returned to her soon after her 
 removal to the faubourg Saint-Germain, on the Place des 
 Italiens ;f there he was jealous of Hector Hulot, W. Steinbock, 
 and others, and avenged himself by communicating a strange 
 malady to his mistress, of which herself and Celestin Crevel 
 both died [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Montpersan, Comte de, the nephew of a canon of Saint- 
 Denis ; a frequent table-guest of his ; an ambitious country 
 squire; married, and the father of a family. At the beginning 
 of the Restoration he owned and lived in the chateau of Mont- 
 persan, eight leagues from Moulins, in I'Allier. In 1819 he 
 received the visit of an unknown young man, who came to 
 announce the death of Mme. de Montpersan's lover [The 
 Message, q\. 
 
 Montpersan, Comtesse Juliette de, wife of the above, 
 born about 1781; she lived at Montpersan with her family 
 when she heard, by a traveling companion of his, of the death 
 of her lover, which resulted from the overturning of a vehicle. 
 The countess delicately rewarded the messenger of evil [The 
 Message, q^^ 
 
 Montpersan, Mademoiselle de, daughter of the above ; 
 she was quite a child when a messenger arrived with the sad 
 details which caused her mother to leave the table. She could 
 only grasp the comical side of the situation, and remarked on 
 
 * He was slain in the middle of a deserted street or lane in Bordeaux, 
 f Now the Place BoTeldieu. 
 
382 COMPENDIUM 
 
 her father's gluttony, which she said had caused her mother's 
 precipitate retreat [The Message, q\. 
 
 Montriveau, General Marquis de, father of Armand de 
 Montriveau. Although a chevalier of the various orders, he 
 held wholly to the high nobility of Burgundy, and scorned 
 the financial advantages and nobility of those without birth. 
 He was an Encyclopaedist and " one of the ci-devants, who 
 nobly served the Republic." Montriveau perished, killed, 
 like Joubert, at Novi, Italy [The Duchess of Langeais, hh\ 
 
 Montriveau, Comte de, the paternal uncle of Armand de 
 Montriveau. A fat man, " a great eater of oysters " ; contrary 
 to his brother, he emigrated, was made welcome in his exile 
 by the Rivaudoults d'Arschoot, of the Dulmen branch ; he 
 died at St. Petersburg [The Duchess of Langeais, hh\ 
 
 Montriveau, General Marquis Armand de, nephew of 
 the foregoing, only son of General de Montriveau. An orphan 
 without fortune, he was placed by Bonaparte in the school at 
 Chalons, entered the artillery, and was in the last campaigns 
 of the Empire, among others that in Russia, and received 
 numerous serious wounds on the field of Waterloo — he was 
 then a colonel in the Guards. The first three years of the 
 Restoration he passed far from Europe. He wished to ex- 
 plore Egypt ; the centre of Africa. The savages captured and 
 reduced him to slavery. An audacious escape, which he 
 effected by his own exertions, allowed of his return to Paris, 
 where he lived on the Rue de Seine, near the Chamber of 
 Peers. At this time he was poor, and without protection or 
 ambition, but he was soon promoted a general. His member- 
 ship in the *' Thirteen," powerful, occult, and redoubtable, 
 was composed, among other of its members, of Ronquerolles, 
 Marsay, and Bourignard ; they perhaps afforded him a favor 
 which he had not solicited. This same freemasonry seconded 
 Montriveau's desires to avenge himself on the cajoling co- 
 quetry of Antoinette de Langeais, and later to attempt the 
 carrying off of the duchess from the Spanish Carmellites. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 383 
 
 About this time the general met Rastignac at the house of 
 Mme. de Beauseant, then about leaving Paris. One evening, 
 at the opera, the general was approached by Mesdames d'Es- 
 pard and de Bargeton. Montriveau, the living picture of 
 Kleber, became noted for his Egyptian travels, as he met 
 Sixte Chatelet, who had been his companion in his explora- 
 tions ; he now became the lion of society, and the Duchess of 
 Langeais appeared to be smitten by him as he was by her. In 
 the first years of Louis-Philippe's reign, at the home of Mile. 
 des Touches, he told how he had been the involuntary cause 
 of the vengeance of the husband of a certain Rosina ; this he 
 narrated before an audience of artists and nobles. This story 
 had to do with the Imperial wars. Montriveau, a peer of 
 France, the commandant of a department, was unfaithful to 
 the memory of Antoinette de Langeais, and courted the beau- 
 tiful Mme. Rogron, nee Bathilde de Chargebceuf, whom he 
 hoped soon to marry. In 1839 he served, as also did M. de 
 RonqueroUes, as a witness for the Due de Rhetore in the duel 
 which Louise de Chaulieu's eldest brother had with Dorlange- 
 Sallenauve about Marie Gaston [The Duchess of Langeais, hh 
 — Father Goriot, 6r — A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, ]K 
 — Another Study of Woman, I — Pierrette, i — The Deputy 
 for Arcis, jyD\ 
 
 Morand, once a clerk to Barbet the bookseller, then, in 
 1838, his partner together with Metivier; he tried to exploit 
 Baron de Bourlac, author of a " Traite des legislations com- 
 parees" [The Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Moreau, born in 1772; the son of a *' Dantonist," a 
 syndic barrister at Versailles during the Revolution. He was 
 Mme. Clapart's lover and lived devoted to her his whole 
 life. After a troubled life, about 1805, Moreau took the 
 stewardship at Presles, situated in the valley of the Oise, be- 
 longing to Comte de Serizy ; he married Estelle, Leontine de 
 Serizy's chambermaid. By her he had three children ; he 
 held this position as steward for seventeen years ; he retired 
 
381 COMPENDIUM 
 
 wealthy on the day on which Reybert had convinced the 
 comte that he was trying to make a fraudulent bargain with 
 Le^er. The foolish conversation of his godson, Oscar Hus- 
 son, also helped him in deciding to leave his position as 
 steward of Presles. Moreau conquered, under Louis-Philippe, 
 a splendid position. He made a fortune in land trades ; was 
 the brother-in-law of Constant-Cyr-Melchior de Canalis ; he 
 finally became known as a deputy of the Centre, under the 
 name of Moreau de V Oise [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Moreau, Madame Estelle, a fair person, wife of the 
 foregoing, born at Saint-Lo, of peasant parentage ; was once 
 a chambermaid in Leontine de Serizy's service ; when fortune 
 came she put on great pretensions, and her welcome of Oscar 
 Husson was both ''cold and dry" ; he was a son of Mme. 
 Clapart's first marriage. She engaged Nattier to affix the 
 flowers in her headdress, and appeared in full style before 
 Joseph Bridau and Leon de Lora, who had come from Paris 
 in the autumn of 1822 to take charge of the decorative work 
 at Presles for Comte de Serizy [A Start in Life, s\ 
 
 Moreau, Jacques, the eldest of the three children of the 
 above ; was at Presles the habitual intermediary between his 
 mother and Oscar Husson [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Moreau, the leading upholsterer in Alengon, Rue de la 
 Parte-de-Seez, near the church; in 1816 he furnished Mme. 
 de Bousquier — then Mile. Rose Cormon — with the furniture 
 necessary to install M. de Troisville in her house ; he had in- 
 opportunely arrived from Russia [The Old Maid, aci\. 
 
 Moreau, an old laborer of the Dauphine, the uncle of 
 little Jacques Colas, who with his wife lived poor and resigned, 
 under the Restoration, in a village near Grenoble, which 
 had been metamorphosed by Dr. Benassis [The Country 
 Doctor, C\ 
 
 Moreau-Malvin, *'a big butcher," died about 1820; 
 his magnificent tomb of ornamented white marble. Rue du 
 Marechal-Lefebvre, Pere-Lachaise, was near the grave of 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 385 
 
 Mine. Jules Desmarets and that of Mile. Raucourt, of the 
 Comedie-Fran^aise [Ferragus, &&]. 
 
 Morillon, Father, a priest who for some time had charge 
 of the early education of Gabriel Claes, under the Empire 
 [The Quest of the Absolute, X)]. 
 
 Morin, La, an old and very poor woman who raised the 
 orphan la Fosseuse, with a measure of kindness, in a market- 
 town in the vicinity of Grenoble, but who, nevertheless, 
 gave her a few blows on her fingers with a spoon when the 
 child too often offended in eating her soup by placing the 
 porringer to her mouth in the way of common people. La 
 Morin worked on the land the same as a man ; she often com- 
 plained about her wretched truckle-bed, which she shared with 
 la Fosseuse [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Morin, Jeanne-Marie- Victoire Tarin, a widow accused 
 of attempting the extortion of signatures on bills of exchange, 
 and of an attempt to assassinate the Sieur Ragoulleau ; she was 
 sentenced to twenty years' hard labor by. the Paris Court of 
 Assize, January ii, 1812. The eldest Poiret, the *'dittoist," 
 who deposed as a witness in her favor, often spoke of this 
 event. The widow Morin was born at Pont-sur-Seine, Aube ; 
 she was a compatriot of Poiret's, who was born at Troyes 
 [Father Goriot, 6r]. Numerous details have been extracted 
 and published from this criminal affair. 
 
 Morisson, the inventor of purgative pills which were tried 
 to be initated by Dr. Poulain, Pons' and Cibot's physician, 
 who thereby hoped to gain a fortune, under Louis-Philippe 
 [Cousin Pons, Qc\. 
 
 Mortsauf, Comte de, the representative of a family of 
 Touraine, who had an ancestor in the time of Louis XL, who 
 escaped the gallows* with his fortune, arms, and titles. The 
 count was the incarnation of an '* emigrant." The voluntary 
 or forced exile returned to France broken in body and spirit. 
 
 * This is an exceptional reference as it is outside the Comedie Humaine, 
 being furnished by the Droll Stories. 
 25 
 
386 COMPENDIUM 
 
 He married Blanche-Henriette de Lenoncourt, by whom he 
 had two children, Jacques and Madeleine ; on the return of 
 the Bourbons he received the brevet of field-marshal, but he 
 never left Clochegourde, a castle which formed a portion of 
 his wife's dowry, and was situated on the rivers Indre and 
 Cher [The Lily of the Valley, X]. 
 
 Mortsauf, Comtesse de,* wife of the foregoing, nee 
 Blanche-Henriette de Lenoncourt; of '* the house of 
 Lenoncourt-Givry on the point of being extinguished," in the 
 early years of the Restoration ; she came into the world after 
 three brothers ; she had a sorrowful infancy ; she found a real 
 mother in her aunt, a Blamont-Chauvry, and, married, found 
 her sole consolation in maternity. This feeling enabled her 
 to repulse the love she excited in the breast of Felix de Van- 
 denesse ; the effort and struggle against her feelings and his 
 desire — he was an intimate in her home — brought upon the 
 countess a terrible illness of the stomach of which she died in 
 1820 [The Lily of the Valley, X]. 
 
 Mortsauf, Jacques de, the eldest of two children born of 
 the foregoing ; the pupil of Dominis ; the most delicate of the 
 family, he died prematurely. With him died out the direct 
 line of the Lenoncourt-Givrys, of whom he was the designated 
 inheritor [The Lily of the Valley, X]. 
 
 Mortsauf, Madeleine de, sister of the foregoing; after 
 the death of her mother she sulked with Felix de Vandenesse, 
 whom Mme. de Mortsauf had loved ; she afterward became 
 the Duchesse de Lenoncourt-Givry. See that biography 
 [The Lily of the Valley, X]. 
 
 Mouche, born in 181 1; a bastard of one of Fourchon's 
 natural daughters, and a soldier who died in Russia ; he was 
 received, an orphan, by his maternal grandfather, whom he 
 at once assisted, by becoming his apprentice as a rope-maker. 
 
 * June 14, 1853, Beauplan and Barri^re presented, on the stage of 
 the C()medie-Fran9aise, a drama in which Mme. de Mortsauf was the 
 heroine, 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 387 
 
 About 1823, in the arrondissement of Ville-aux-Fayes, he 
 made a profit of the credulity of strangers, by feigning to 
 facilitate their hunt after otters. Mouche's conduct and ap- 
 pearance scandalized the Montcornets and their guests in the 
 same year, 1823 [The Peasantry, i?]. 
 
 Mouchon, the eldest of three brothers who lived, in 1793, 
 in the valley of the Avonne or Aigues ; he administered the 
 RonqueroUes' estates ; became a deputy to the Convention 
 from his department, and saved the lives and properties of 
 the Ronquerolles. He had a reputation for integrity. He 
 died in 1804, leaving two daughters^ Mesdames Gendrin and 
 Gaubertin [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Mouchon, brother of the foregoing ; was master of post- 
 horses at Conches ; he had a daughter who married the rich 
 farmer Guerbet. He died in 181 7 [The Peasantry, _B]. 
 
 Mouchon, a brother of the preceding ones, born in 1756. 
 A priest before the Revolution, he was the cure of Ville-aux- 
 Fayes, being again in charge under the Restoration. He was 
 a popular man even in the midst of such as Rigou, Soudry, 
 Gaubertin, Sibilet, Fourchon, Tonsard, and the rest. He is 
 once designated under the name of " Moucheron " [The 
 Peasantry, 2^]. 
 
 Mougin, born in Toulouse about 1805 ; was the fifth 
 Parisian hair-dresser to succeed to the name of Marius in the 
 same establishment. In 1845 ^^ was rich, married, the father 
 of a family, a captain in the National Guard, decorated (after 
 1832), and an elector. Stimulated by J. J. Bixiou and Leon 
 de Lora, he showed himself a pastmaster in the art of capillary 
 achievements before the astonished eyes of S. P. Gazonal 
 [The Unconscious Mummers, if]. 
 
 Mouilleron, attorney-general at Issoudun, 1822 ; the 
 "cousin" of everybody in that town during the dissension 
 which existed between the Rouget and Bridau families [A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Mouilleron, commissary of police at Issoudun at the time 
 
388 COMPENDIUM 
 
 when the Bridaus struggled against Gilet, who was installed in 
 the Rouget household [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Murat, Joachim, Prince, is found with Lannes and Rapp 
 at the residence of Bonaparte, the First Consul, in October, 
 1800, on the day when Bartholomeo di Piombo was intro- 
 duced by Lucien Bonaparte. In 1806 he was Grand-Due de 
 Berg, at the time of the famous clash between the Simeuses 
 and Malin de Gondreville. Murat went to the aid of the 
 regiment of cavalry commanded by Colonel Chabert at the 
 battle of Eylau, February 7 and 8, 1807. "A wholly 
 Oriental man," he gave^n example of absurd luxury in the 
 midst of modern soldieny even before he was placed on the 
 throne of Naples, 1808. During a watch-night meeting of the 
 villagers of the Dauphine, twenty years after, Benassis and 
 Genestas listened to a veteran, then become a laborer, recite 
 the brilliant deeds of the intrepid Murat [The Vendetta, i — 
 A Historical Mystery, ff — Colonel Chabert, i — Peace in the 
 House, J — The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Muret gave information about Goriot, his predecessor in 
 the "Italian paste" business, when he traded in that article 
 [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Musson, a hoaxer and player of practical jokes at the 
 beginning of the nineteenth century. The police-spy Peyrade 
 imitated him twenty years after, when he assumed the role of a 
 nabob and kept Suzanne Gaillard, by cunning tricks and clever 
 disguises [The Harlot's Progress, Yj Z\ 
 
 N 
 
 Nanon, called the "Great Nan on " by reason of her 
 height (the first time being in 1793), born about 1769. She 
 at one time looked after the cows on a farm which she was 
 compelled to leave after being burned out. In 1791, when 
 twenty-two years old, she entered Felix Grandet's service at 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. , 389 
 
 Saumur, and never after left him. She was always thankful for 
 her master having received her. She was brave, devoted, and 
 sober ; the only servant that the miser had ; all the wages she 
 received for her very laborious services were sixty francs per 
 year. Nevertheless she accumulated all that her humble 
 salary would allow her to save, and about 1819 placed four 
 thousand francs in the hands of Maitre Cruchot. Nanon 
 also received an annuity of twelve hundred francs from Mme. 
 de Bonfons; she lived near the daughter of her old master, 
 who was deceased; and about 1827, and almost a sexage- 
 narian, she married Antoine Cornoiller. With her husband 
 she continued her devoted work for Eugenie de Bonfons* 
 [Eugenie Grandet, JE1\ 
 
 Napolitas, in 1830, the secretary to Bibi-Lupin, chief of 
 the police of safety. The ^* sheep" of the Conciergerie ; he 
 played the part of the son of a family accused of crime in 
 order to watch Jacques Collin, who was there pretending that 
 his name was Charles Herrera [Vautrin's Last Avatar, z\ 
 
 Narzicof, Princess, a Russian ; she had, according to 
 Fritot, left a caleche with that merchant in payment of her 
 account for furnishings ; this was the one in which Mrs. 
 Noswell was taken to the Hotel Lawson, together with the 
 shawl called the '' Selim " [Gaudissart II., tl]. 
 
 Nathan, Raoul, the son of a Jew broker who died a 
 bankrupt some time after embracing the Catholic faith ; for 
 twenty-five years — 1820 to 1845 — he was one of the most 
 remarkable writers in Paris. Raoul Nathan was a gen- 
 eral writer: dramatist, journalist, romancist, and a poet. 
 In 182 1 Dauriat published for him a work of imagination 
 which Lucien de Rubempre successively exalted and at- 
 tacked; Nathan also presented an *' imbroglio," played on 
 the stage of the Panorama-Dramatique, under the title of 
 
 * Contrary to the usual method followed in the Compendium, in the 
 order and arrangement of the biographies, Nanon is placed here by reason 
 of her very late marriage with Cornoiller. 
 
300 COMPENDIUM 
 
 "I'Alcade dans Tembarras " ;* it was signed with the sim- 
 ple name of Raoul, but he had Cursy (M. du Bruel) as a 
 collaborator. The piece was a success. About the same 
 time he supplanted Lousteau as Florine's, one of the prin- 
 cipal actresses in the play, lover. In the same period he was 
 friendly with Emile Blondet, who wrote him a letter dated 
 from the Aigues, in which he depicted the Montcornets 
 and recounted their local difficulties. Raoul Nathan, al- 
 ways ready for jolly and dissipated company, was, with 
 Giroudeau, Finot, and Bixiou, a witness to the marriage of 
 Philippe Bridau with Mme. J. J. Rouget. He was at Floren- 
 tine Cabirolle's when the Marests and Oscar Husson were 
 guests there, and was a frequent visitor at Esther van Gob- 
 seck's house, which was also frequented by Blondet, Bixiou, 
 and Lousteau. Also at the same time he was much occupied 
 on the press, and inclined toward Royalism. The coming of 
 Louis-Philippe did not diminish the extended circle of his 
 acquaintance. The Marquise d'Espard welcomed him. This 
 was when he heard evil spoken of Diane de Cadignan, to the 
 great annoyance of Daniel d'Arthez, who was also present. 
 Marie de Vandenesse, newly married, remarked Nathan, 
 "beautiful with an ugly artistic grace," of uncultured and 
 yet of an irregular elegance of appearance, full of cheerfulness 
 and literary fame, and gallant. Raoul resolutely exploited 
 the situation. A real Republican, he willingly cherished the 
 idea of possessing a woman of the aristocracy. The conquest 
 of Mme. la Comtessede Vandenesse would have suited the dream 
 of vengeance nourished by Lady Dudley; but he fell into the 
 hands of usurers. He was captivated by Florine, and domiciled 
 in wretched style in a passage between the Rues Basse-du-Rem- 
 part and Neuve-des-Mathurins,"}" also often staying in the offices 
 of the journal he had founded, Rue Feydeau, and heard from 
 
 * A comic melodrama. 
 
 f This must certainly be the Sandri6 passage which began at No. 38 
 Rue Basse-du-Rempart, and ended at No. 5 Rue Neuve-des-Mathurins. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 391 
 
 Florine how the countess had been saved from him by Van- 
 denesse. In the early years of Louis-Philippe's reign, Nathan 
 brought out a brilliant, bustling drama, his two collaborators 
 being M, and Mme. Marie Gaston, who were designated under 
 the style : MM. * * * . In his youth he also had played a 
 romantic piece, ''Pinto," * at the Odeon, at the period when 
 the classics reigned supreme; the stage had been rudely agi- 
 tated during the three years that the piece had been defended 
 and attacked. He afterward gave, at the Theatre-Frangais, a 
 great drama which fell ''with all the honors of war, amid 
 salvos of thundering articles." In 1837-38 Vanda de Mergi 
 read a new romance to Nathan, entitled "la Perle de Dol." 
 The memory of his mundane intrigues still pursued Nathan, 
 when with much persuasion he returned the printed announce- 
 ment of the birth of Melchior de la Baudraye to M. de Clagny. 
 For the rest Nathan is found in Mme. de la Baudraye's so- 
 ciety, who received him on the Rue de Chartres-du-Roule, at 
 the home of Beatrix de Rochefide, to newly arrange a certain 
 history after the manner of Sainte-Beuve, on the Bohemians 
 and their prince, Rusticoli de la Palferine. Raoul also culti- 
 vated the Marquise de Rochefide's society, and, one evening 
 in October, 1840, we see before the stage of the Varietes the 
 meeting of Canalis, Nathan, and Beatrix. He was also re- 
 ceived with familiarity in Marguerite Turquet's boudoir; as 
 one of a group formed of Bixiou, la Palferine, and Maitre 
 Cardot ; Nathan heard Maitre Desroches relate how Cerizet 
 had used Antonia Chocardelle in order to "beat" Maxime 
 de Trailles. Nathan at a late time married his mistress, 
 Florine, whose real name was Sophie Grignault [A Distin- 
 guished Provincial at Paris, Jl"— The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z 
 — The Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, z — A Daughter of 
 Eve, "F— Letters of Two Brides, v — The Seamy Side of His- 
 tory, T — Muse of the Department, CC — A Prince of Bo- 
 
 * A drama by Nepomuc^ne Lemercier ; according to Labitte, " the first 
 work performed in the renovated theatre." 
 
392 COMPENDIUM 
 
 hernia, FF—h. Man of Business, I — The Unconscious Mum- 
 mers, u]. 
 
 Nathan, Madame Raoul, wife of the foregoing, nee 
 Sophie Grignault, in 1805, in Brittany. She was of perfect 
 beauty, her foot alone made one desire her. From her very 
 youth she carried on the double career of gallantry and actress 
 under the name, which became famous, of Florine. The 
 early stages of her life remain obscure. Mme. Nathan, a 
 stage-dancer at the Gaite, 1820, had had six lovers before she 
 took Etienne Lousteau on her string ; she first knew him in 
 1 82 1. She was friendly with Florentine Cabirolle, Claudine 
 Chaffaroux, Coralie, and Marie Godeschal. She was kept by 
 the druggist Matifat, and lived on the Rue de Bondy, where, 
 after her brilliant success at the Panorama-Dramatique,* in 
 company with Coralie and Bouffe, she received the diplomats, 
 Lucien de Rubempre, Camusot, etc., in magnificent style. 
 Florine soon changed for her advantage her lover, her resi- 
 dence, theatre, and protector: Nathan, whom she afterward 
 married, in the reign of Louis-Philippe, replaced Lousteau ; the 
 Rue Hauteville, the Rue de Bondy; and the Gymnase, the Pano- 
 rama. Engaged at the Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle theatre, 
 she there met her old rival Coralie, against whom she organized 
 a cabal. She was noted for her luxurious toilets, and was suc- 
 cessively attached to the wealthy Dudley, Desire Minoret, M. 
 des Grassins (the Saumur banker), and M. du Rouvre; the 
 two last mentioned she ruined. Florine's fortune increased 
 during the Monarchy of July. Her association with Nathan 
 served both their interests equally well ; the poet lauded the 
 actress, who in fact knew that she was rendered formidable 
 by his intriguing spirit and sharp sallies. Mme. Nathan 
 frequented or was visited by Coralie, Esther "la Torpille," 
 Claudine du Bruel, Euphrasie, Aquilina, Mme. Theodore 
 Gaillard, Marie Godeschal; she admitted and entertained 
 
 * On the stage of the Boulevard du Temple, Mme. Nathan (Florine) 
 henceforth drew a salary of eight thousand francs. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 39^ 
 
 Emile Blondet, Andoche Finot, Etienne Lousteau, Felicien 
 Vernou, Couture, Bixiou, Rastignac, Vignon, F. du Tillet, 
 Nucingen, and Conti. Works by Bixiou, F. Souchet, Joseph 
 Bridau, and H. Schinner ornamented her apartments. Marie 
 de Vandenesse, when vaguely smitten by Nathan, would have 
 destroyed these delights and that splendor, but for the devo- 
 tion of the writer's mistress on one side and the intervention 
 of de Vandenesse on the other. Florine, having definitely 
 reconquered Nathan, did not tarry long before she married 
 him [Muse of the Department, CC — A Distinguished Provin- 
 cial at Paris, ilff— Les Employes, cc — A Bachelor's Estab- 
 lishment, eT"— Ursule Mirouet, S — Eugenie Grandet, .JEJ — 
 The Imaginary Mistress, Ji — A Prince of Bohemia, FF — 
 A Daughter of Eve, "F— The Unconscious Mummers, u — 
 The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z\ 
 
 Navarreins, Due de, born about 1767, son-in-law, by 
 his first marriage, of the Prince of Cadignan ; the father of 
 Antoinette de Langeais ; a relative of Mme. d'Espard ; a 
 cousin to Valentin; accused of '* pride." He protected M. 
 du Bruel (Cursy) when he first entered the administration ; 
 he had a suit against the hospitals which he confided to the 
 care of Maitre Derville ; was decorated ; he had de la Bau- 
 draye appointed receiver for '* having settled" a debt con- 
 tracted during the emigration ; he attended a family council 
 in company with the Grandlieus and Chaulieus, when his 
 daughter compromised herself at Montriveau's door; he wel- 
 comed Victurnien d'Esgrignon ; he held, near Ville-aux-Fayes, 
 in the sub-prefecture of the Auxerrois, immense estates which 
 were respected by Gaubertin, Rigou, Soudry, Fourchon, and 
 Tonsard, Montcornet's enemies; he accompanied Mme. d'Es- 
 pard to the opera-ball, when Jacques Collin and Lucien de 
 Rubempre "puzzled" the marquise; he sold the lands and 
 forest of Montegnac, near Limoges, to the Graslins for five 
 hundred thousand francs ; he knew Foedora by the introduc- 
 tion of Valentin ; he frequented the Princesse de Cadignan's, 
 
394 COMPENDIUM 
 
 after the death of their joint brother-in-law. The Due de 
 Navarreins owned a mansion on the Rue du Bac, Paris [A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, tT — Colonel Chabert, i — Muse of 
 the Department, CC — The Duchesse de Langeais, hh — The 
 Collection of Antiquities, aa — The Peasantry, JK — The Har- 
 lot's Progress, T"— The Abb6 Birotteau, i— The Wild Ass* 
 Skin, A — A Historical Mystery, ff—The Secrets of the 
 Princess of Cadignan, ^ — Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Negrepelisse, De, a family which arose in the Crusades, 
 well known in the time of Saint-Louis; the name of the 
 younger branch of "the illustrious family" d'Espard; car- 
 ried, under the Restoration, in Angoumois, by the father-in- 
 law of M. de Bargeton, M. de Negrepelisse, an old country 
 gentleman of imposing figure, one of the last representatives 
 of the old French nobility; mayor of I'Escarbas, peer of 
 France, commander of the order of Saint-Louis. Negrepelisse 
 survived his son-in-law by some years ; he welcomed him when 
 AnaVs de Bargeton returned to Paris in the summer of 1821 
 [The Commission in Lunacy, c — A Distinguished Provincial 
 at Paris, Jf^— Lost Illusions, N^. 
 
 Negrepelisse,* Comte Clement de, born in 1812; a 
 distant cousin of the foregoing, who left him his title. He 
 was the eldest of two legitimate sons of the Marquis d'Espard. 
 He was a student at the college of Henri IV., and lived in 
 Paris during the Restoration, as also did his brother, under 
 the paternal roof, Rue de la Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve. 
 Comte de Negrepelisse seldom called upon his mother, the 
 Marquise d'Espard, who lived alone in the faubourg Saint- 
 Honore [The Commission in Lunacy, c\. 
 
 Negro, Marquis di, a noble Genoese, *^a Hospitalier 
 brother who knew every traveler's trick"; was, in the year 
 1836, at the French consul-general's, Genoa, when Maur- 
 ice de I'Hostal told the full history of the separation and 
 reconciliation of Octave de Bauvan and his wife before 
 
 * Spelt with the acute or grave e, indifferently. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 395 
 
 Damaso Pareto,* M. Claud Vignon, Leon de Lora, and 
 Felicite des Touches [Honorine, ife]. 
 
 Nepomucene, an abandoned child ; Mme. Vauthier's 
 little servant, the managress-jani tress of the house on the 
 Boulevard Montparnasse occupied by the Bourlac and Mergi 
 families. Nepomucene always wore a ragged blouse, and, in 
 the guise of shoes, either old slippers or sabots. He combined 
 his service for Mme. Vauthier with working for the wood 
 hawkers in that vicinity ; and in the summer, on Sundays and 
 Mondays, in waiting for a wine dealer near the barrier [The 
 Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Neraud, one of the doctors in Provins during the Restora- 
 tion. He ruined his wife, who was the widow of the grocer 
 Auffray, whom he had married for love and whom he survived. 
 He was a "blemished" man, a competitor of Dr. Martener; 
 Neraud belonged to the Liberal party of Gouraud and de 
 Vinet, and faintly supported Pierrette Lorrain against the 
 Rogrons, of whom she was the ward and the grandchild of 
 Auffray [Pierrette, %\. 
 
 Neraud, Madame, wife of the foregoing. First married 
 to the grocer Auffray, who was sixty-five years old ; she was 
 only thirty-eight when she became a widow ; she soon after 
 married Dr. Neraud. By her first marriage she had one 
 daughter, who was the wife of Major Lorrain and the mother 
 of Pierrette. Mme. Neraud died of grief and poverty two 
 years after her second marriage. The Rogrons, relatives by 
 the first marriage of the widow Auffray, had about entirely 
 despoiled her [Pierrette, i]. 
 
 Nicolas. See Montauran, Marquis de. 
 
 NicoUe, an old servant, Jacquotte's, Dr. Benassis' servant, 
 deputy [The Country Doctor, C]. 
 
 Ninette, born in 1832; a "rat"f of the opera at Paris; 
 
 * To whom is dedicated " The Message," the history of the Montpersan 
 couple. 
 
 f The term is explained in the story. 
 
396 COMPENDIUM 
 
 was made known to Gazonal by Leon de Lora and J. J. 
 Bixiou in 1845 [The Unconscious Mummers, li]. 
 
 NioUand, Abbe, excellently educated by the Abbe Roze. 
 Hidden during the Revolution by M. de Negrepelisse near 
 Barbezieux ; he educated Marie-Louise- Anais, afterward Mme. 
 de Bargeton, and taught her music, Italian, and German. 
 He died in 1802 [Lost Illusions, ^]. 
 
 Niseron, cure of Blangy before the Revolution ; the pre- 
 decessor of Abbe Brossette in that curacy; uncle of Jean- 
 Fran9ois Niseron. He was led, by a frolicsome and innocent 
 indiscretion of his nephew's daughter and by the influence of 
 " Dom " Rigou, to disinherit the Niserons to the advantage of 
 the Mesdemoiselles Pichard, housekeeper-mistresses of his 
 [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Niseron, Jean-Francois, beadle, sacristan, singer, bell- 
 ringer, and grave-digger of the parish of Blangy, under the 
 Restoration ; the nephew and sole heir of the cure Niseron ; 
 born in 1751. He acclaimed the Revolution; was of the 
 ideal type of Republicanism, a sort of Michel Chrestien in 
 the country; he coldly scorned the Pichard family, who 
 took from him the succession to which he only had the right ; 
 he led a life of poverty and neglect ; nevertheless he was re- 
 spected, and took the part of Montcornet represented by 
 Brossette ; their adversary, Gregoire Rigou, he appreciated 
 and feared. Jean-Frangois Niseron successively lost his wife 
 and two children ; he had none to tend him in his old age, 
 save only Genevieve, the natural daughter of his deceased 
 son, Auguste [The Peasantry, JJ]. 
 
 Niseron, Auguste, son of the foregoing ; a soldier of the 
 Republic and the Empire; a cannoneer, in 1809, he seduced, 
 near Zahara, a Montenegrin, Zena Kropoli, who died at Vin- 
 cennes at the beginning of 1810, and by her had a daughter. 
 He was not able to realize his wish of marrying her. He 
 perished before Montereau, during the year 1814, killed by a 
 shot from a howitzer [The Peasantry, JB]. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 397 
 
 Niseron, Genevieve, the natural daughter of the fore- 
 going and Zena Kropoli ; born in 1810, called Genevieve 
 after her paternal aunt ; orphaned when four years of age, she 
 was raised in Burgundy by her grandfather, Jean-Frangois Nise- 
 ron. She had her father's beauty and her mother's singulari- 
 ties. Her protectors, Mesdames de Montcornet and Michaud, 
 gave her the name of "Pechina," and, to save her from the 
 pursuit of Nicolas Tonsard, placed her in a convent at Auxerre, 
 where. she was told to learn dressmaking and to forget Justin 
 Michaud, whom she unconsciously loved [The Peasantry, _B]. 
 
 Noel, the clerk of Jean-Jules Popinot, Paris, 1828, at the 
 time when the judge questioned Marquis d'Espard, on whom 
 his wife had asked an "interdiction" [The Commission in 
 Lunacy, c]. 
 
 Noswell, Mrs., a rich and eccentric Englishwoman who 
 descended upon Paris about the middle of Louis-Philippe's 
 reign ; at the Hotel Lawson. She bought a shawl called the 
 *'Selim," after some hesitation, from Fritot, who protested 
 that it was " impossible" to sell it to any one else [Gaudis- 
 sart n., n\ 
 
 Nouastre, Baron de, an emigrant, of the most noble 
 blood. He returned ruined to Alen^on, in 1800, with his 
 daughter, aged twenty-two, and received an asylum in the 
 home of the d'Esgrignons, dying there three years later, 
 consumed by grief. The marquis married the orphan shortly 
 after his death [The Collection of Antiquities, aa\. 
 
 Nourrisson, Madame, was once, under the Empire, 
 attached to the service of Prince d'Ysembourg, Paris. She 
 saw the licentiousness of the great world during this time, 
 and this decided the lucrative profession of Mme. Nourrisson, 
 who became a dealer in second-hand clothing, on the Rue 
 Neuve-Saint-Marc, and also the mistress of houses of ill- 
 fame. She had strict business relations, which extended over 
 twenty years, with Jacqueline Collin, and she prospered in 
 this double commerce. The two matrons at times voluntarily 
 
398 COMPENDIUM 
 
 exchanged their names, signs, resources, and profits. It was 
 in the *' second-hand clothes" store that Frederic de Nu- 
 cingen bargained for Esther van Gobseck. About the end 
 of Charles X.'s reign, one of Mme. Nourrisson's establish- 
 ments, situated on the Rue Saint-Barbe, was managed by la 
 Gonore ; in Louis-Philippe's time, another, a clandestine one, 
 existed near the *'fort called the Italiens,"* where Valerie 
 Marneffe and Wenceslas Steinbock were surprised. Mme. 
 Nourrisson, the first of the name, did not retain any of her 
 stores except the one on the Rue Saint-Marc, since, during 
 the year 1845, ^^^ there gave the details about Mme. Mahuchet 
 before an audience composed of Bixiou, Lora, and Gazonal, 
 and added particulars of her own history [The Harlot's Pro- 
 gress, T^ Z — The Deputy for Arcis, DJ} — Cousin Betty, w 
 — The Unconscious Mummers, -^J. 
 
 Nouvion, CoMTE de, a gentleman who returned ruined 
 from the emigration, a chevalier of Saint-Louis; lived in Paris 
 in 1828 on the charity delicately extended him by his friend 
 the Marquis d'Espard, who engaged him to oversee the publi- 
 cation of "I'Histoire pittoresque de la Chine," at 22 Rue de 
 la Montagne Saint Genevidve ; he was also a partner in the 
 possible profits of that work [The Commission in Lunacy, c]. 
 
 Nucingen, Baron Frederic de, probably born at Stras- 
 bourg about 1767. At first he was one of M. d'Aldrigger's 
 clerks, in his bank in Alsace. Wiser than his employer, he 
 placed no confidence in the Emperor's final success, in 1815, 
 but cunningly speculated on the result of the battle of Water- 
 loo. Nucingen was at that time already operating on his own 
 account in Paris and elsewhere ; he slowly prepared the famous 
 house on the Rue Saint-Lazare,f and there founded the mak- 
 ing of a fortune, which, under Louis-Philippe, amounted to 
 nearly eighteen millions. About this time he married one of 
 
 * Without doubt, the Place Boieldieu. 
 
 f This firm must have been situated in that portion of the Rue Saint- 
 Lazare which is near the end of the real Rue de Chateaudun. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 399 
 
 the two daughters of a rich vermicilli manufacturer, Mile. 
 Delphine Goriot, who had a daughter, Augusta, by him, and 
 who afterward married Eugene de Rastignac. The early 
 years of the Restoration was the time from which he dated 
 his real splendor, the result of an association with the Kellers, 
 Ferdinand du Tillet, and Eugene de Rastignac in " the coup'* 
 of the Wortschin mines, which followed one of the "oppor- 
 tune" liquidations of the wily banker. These various com- 
 binations ruined the Ragons, Aiglemonts, Aldriggers, and 
 Beaudenord. Also during this period Nucingen, although he 
 spoke with a certain frank good humor, refused the credit 
 that Cesar Birotteau implored him to grant. One time there 
 was in the life of the banker when he seemed to completely 
 change his nature ; this was when he was smitten by and fell 
 so foolishly in love with Esther van Gobseck ; he made his 
 doctor, Bianchon, very uneasy; he employed Corentin, 
 Georges, Louchard, and Peyrade in his quest, and became 
 the prey of Jacques Collin. After Esther's suicide, in May, 
 1830, he deserted ''Cythere," as had also Chardin des 
 Lupeaulx at another time, and again became the man and 
 clerk ; he was covered with favors : decorations, the peerage, 
 and the cross of the Legion of Honor, all came to him. 
 Nucingen was respected and highly thought of in spite of his 
 naivetes and rough German accent ; he protected Beaudenord ; 
 was a frequenter of Minister Cointet's; he penetrated every- 
 where; at Mile, des Touches* he heard de Marsay tell his 
 memoirs of love; he was in Mme. d'Espard's salon at the 
 time when Daniel d'Arthez heard and defended the slanders 
 against Diane de Cadignan ; he led Maxime de Trailles into 
 the hands or clutches of Claparon-Cerizet ; invited by Josepha 
 Mirah, he was at her installation 011 the Rue de la Ville 
 I'Eveque. Nucingen, together with Cottin de Wissembourg, 
 was the young girl's witness when Wenceslas Steinbock mar- 
 ried Hortense Hulot. Their father, Hector Hulot d'Ervy, 
 indeed, borrowed more than one hundred thousand francs 
 
400 COMPENDIUM 
 
 from him. Baron de Nucingen assisted, as godfather, Poly- 
 dore de la Baudraye, just promoted a peer of France. The 
 friend of Ferdinand du Tillet, he was one of the familiars in 
 Carabine's boudoir, on a certain evening in 1845 ; i" ^^^'^ 
 place he saw Jenny Cadine, Gazonal, Bixiou, Leon de Lora, 
 Massol, Claud Vignon, Trailles, F. du Bruel, Vauvinet, Mar- 
 guerite Turquet, and the Gaillards* [The Firm of Nucin- 
 gen, t — Father Goriot, G — Pierrette, i — Cesar Birotteau, O 
 — A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, 3L — The Harlot's 
 Progress, ![, Zr — Another Study of Woman, I — A Man of 
 Business, I — The Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, z — 
 Cousin Betty, w — Muse of the Department, CC — The Un- 
 conscious Mummers, iC\. 
 
 Nucingen, Baronne Delphine de, wife of the foregoing ; 
 born in 1792; a blonde, the lively daughter of Jean-Joachim 
 Goriot, the wealthy vermicilli manufacturer ; her mother (who 
 died young) being the granddaughter of a farmer. In the last 
 years of the Empire she made a marriage for money, which 
 she had always desired. Mme. de Nucingen once had Henri 
 de Marsay as her lover, but he ended by brutally deserting 
 her. Reduced, under Louis XVIH., to the necessity of accept- 
 ing the society of the Chaussee-d'Antin, she aspired for ad- 
 mission to that of the faubourg Saint- Germain, into which 
 her sister, Mme. de Restaud, had already penetrated. Eugene 
 de Rastignac opened to her Mme. de Beauseant's salon (she was 
 his cousin), on the Rue de Crenelle, in 1819, and became her 
 lover at the same time. Their liaison lasted over fifteen 
 years. A suite of rooms was fitted up for them by Jean- 
 Joachim Goriot on the Rue d'Artois, in which to shelter their 
 first amours. She confided a certain amount of money to 
 Rastignac so that he might go and play at the Palais-Royal ; 
 he won, and with the money thus gained the baronne was able 
 
 * The biography of Frederic de Nucingen fails to mention the purchase 
 of a picture from Joseph Bridau by the baron; it was praised by Esther 
 van Gobseck, and he paid ten thousand francs for it. 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 401 
 
 to liberate herself from a humiliating debt that she owed de 
 Marsay. Meanwhile she lost her father ; Nucingen's equipage 
 followed the hearse, but the carriage was empty [Father 
 Goriot, 6r]. Mme. de Nucingen often received on the Rue 
 Saint-Lazare Auguste de Maulincour, who there saw Clem- 
 ence Desmarets, and Adolphe des Grassins, who there met 
 Charles Grandet [Ferragus, &&— Eugenie Grandet, E\ 
 Cesar Birotteau, when he went to implore the baron's assist- 
 ance, and Rodolphe Castanier, directly after his forgery, are 
 also found in the baronne's presence [Cesar Birotteau, O — 
 Melmoth Reconciled, d\ At this time Mme. de Nucingen 
 took a box at the opera which had once been Antoinette de 
 Langeais', ''thinking, without doubt," said Mme. d'Espard, 
 " that she would also have her graces, her spirit, and success " 
 [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, il[f— The Commission in 
 Lunacy, c]. According to Diane de Cadignan, when Del- 
 phine was going to Naples by sea, she had a terrible fright 
 as the memory of all her sins crowded upon her [Vautrin's 
 Last Avatar, ^. Mme. de Nucingen was a witness of and 
 mocked at the way in which her husband had been smitten by 
 Esther van Gobseck [The Harlot's Progress, Y]. Forgetful 
 of her origin, she hoped to see her daughter Augusta become 
 the Duchesse d'Herouville ; they knew the troubled source 
 from whence flowed the Nucingen millions and refused the 
 alliance [Modeste Mignon, JK. — The Firm of Nucingen, f]. 
 She heard de Marsay recite the story of his first love at 
 Felicite des Touches' in 1830 [Another Study of Woman, V\. 
 Delphine assisted Marie de Vandenesse and Nathan by lend- 
 ing them forty thousand francs during their tumultuous love 
 scenes; indeed, it much reminded her of her own life [A 
 Daughter of Eve, "F]. About the middle of the Monarchy 
 of July, Mme. de Nucingen, the mother-in-law of Eugene de 
 Rastignac, frequented Mme. d'Espard's and saw, on the 
 faubourg Saint-Honore, Maxime de Trailles and Ferdinand 
 du Tillet [The Deputy for Arcis, iyjy\. 
 26 
 
402 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Nueil, De, the owner of the ancient domain of the 
 Manervilles, which, without doubt, went to the youngest son, 
 Gaston [A Forsaken Woman, Ti\. 
 
 Nueil, Madame de, wife of the foregoing ; surviving her 
 husband and her eldest son, she became the Dowager Countess 
 de Nueil ; she then possessed the Manerville domain, to which 
 she retired. She was the type of a *' calculating mother," 
 rigid and strict before the world. She caused her son to 
 marry, and was the involuntary cause of his death [A For- 
 saken Woman, /i]. 
 
 Nueil, De, the eldest son of the foregoing ; he died of 
 consumption, under Louis XVIIL, leaving the title of Comte 
 de Nueil to his younger brother [A Forsaken Woman, li\. 
 
 Nueil, Gaston de, son and brother of the foregoing, born 
 about 1799; of good extraction and decent fortune. In 1822 
 he went to Bayeux, where he had family connections, so that 
 he might recover from his Parisian fatigues ; there he had the 
 chance of forcing the door of Claire de Beauseant, who had 
 condemned herself to a solitary life, after her desertion by 
 Miguel d'Ajuda-Pinto on his marriage to Berthe de Roche- 
 fide ; he loved and was beloved, and for nearly ten years lived 
 in marital relationship with her in both Normandy and 
 Switzerland. Albert Savarus in his autobiographical novel, 
 " I'Ambitieux paramour," vaguely mentions them as being 
 installed by the Lake of Geneva. After the Revolution of 
 1830, Gaston de Nueil, already rich in Norman pastures 
 which brought him an income of eighteen thousand francs, 
 married the wealthy Mile. Stephanie de la Rodiere. Tired 
 of his household gods, he would have returned to Mme. de 
 Beauseant. The haughty declination of his former mistress 
 exasperated Nueil, and he killed himself in chagrin [A For- 
 saken Woman, li — Albert Savaron, jf ]. 
 
 Nueil, Madame Gaston de, nee Stephanie de la 
 Rodiere about 181 2; a very insignificant person; she mar- 
 ried Gaston de Nueil, to whom she brought an income of 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 403 
 
 forty thousand francs, in the early part of Louis-Philippe's 
 reign. She was enceinte after the first month of her wedding. 
 She became Comtesse de Nueil by the death of her brother- 
 in-law; deserted by Gaston, she still continued to live in 
 Normandy. Mme. Gaston de Nueil survived her husband 
 [A Forsaken Woman, }i\. 
 
 O'Flaharty, Major, the maternal uncle of Raphael de 
 Valentin ; he bequeathed the latter ten millions of francs ; 
 he died in Calcutta, August, 1828 [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\, 
 
 Oignard was, in November, 1806, the head clerk to Maitre 
 Bordin, an attorney at Paris [A Start in Life, 8\ 
 
 Olga, a daughter of the Topinards, born about 1840; she 
 had not yet become legitimized by her parents' marriage, 
 when Schmucke saw her with them ; he loved her for her 
 German yellow hair [Cousin Pons, sc]. 
 
 Olivet, an attorney at AngoulSme, to whom succeeded 
 Petit-Claud [Lost Illusions, 1^\ 
 
 Olivier was in the service of the police spies, Corentin 
 and Peyrade, at the time they tracked the Hauteserres and 
 Simeuses of the Cinq-Cygne family, near Arcis, in 1803 [A 
 Historical Mystery, ff^ 
 
 Olivier, M. and Madame, were once attaches of the house 
 of Charles X. as huntsman and sempstress, respectively; they 
 were burdened with three children, of whom the eldest became? 
 a petty clerk to a notary ; after this they were, under Louis- 
 Philippe, janitors of a house on the Rue du Doyenne — then 
 the Rue Vaneau — in which the Marneffes and Mile. Fischer 
 resided, to whom, either out of interest or gratitude, they 
 were entirely and exclusively devoted [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Orfano, Due d', the title of nobility of Marechal Cottin. 
 
404 COMPENDIUM 
 
 We know that in Venice there is an Orfano* canal [Cousin 
 Betty, w\ 
 
 Orgemont, D', a rich and avaricious banker, a land- 
 owner at Fougeres ; he bought the Juvigny abbey lands. He 
 remained neutral during the Chouan insurrection of 1799; 
 near Coupiau he saw Galope-Chopine and Mesdames du Gua- 
 Saint-Cyr and de Montauran [The Chouans, J5]. 
 
 Orgemont, D', brother of the foregoing; a Breton priest 
 who took the oath; he died in 1795, and was buried in a 
 hiding-place which he had discovered; he assured M. 
 d' Orgemont, the banker, that he could preserve him from 
 the ferocious Vendeans [The Chouans, JB]. 
 
 Origet, a physician of repute in Tours ; he was known by 
 the Mortsaufs, the lords of the manor of Clochegourde [The 
 Lily of the Valley, X]. 
 
 Orsonval, Madame d' ; she frequented the Cruchot and 
 Grandet families at Saumur [Eugenie Grandet, _EJ]. 
 
 Ossian, a lackey in the service of Mougin, the famous 
 Parisian hair-dresser. Place de la Bourse, 1845. Ossian, who 
 was detailed to admit the ** clients," escorted Bixiou, Lora, 
 and Gazonal into the establishment [The Unconscious Mum- 
 mers, %C\. 
 
 Ottoboni, an Italian conspirator, a refugee in Paris; in 
 1831 he dined at Giardini's, Rue Froidmanteau,f and there 
 met the Gambaras [Gambara, hh\ 
 
 Ozalga, a Spaniard, recommended Baron de Macumer 
 to the Parisians of his own knowledge [Letters of Two 
 Brides, 1^]. 
 
 * The gondoliers of modern Venice call it the Orfanello Canal, 
 f The improvements and enlargement of the Rivoli, Palais-Royal, and 
 Louvre quarters have caused the total disappearance of this street. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 405 
 
 Paccard, a liberated convict and dependent of Jacques 
 Collin ; a thieving, drunken bum. The lover of Prudence 
 Servien, and, at the same time and place as her, a footman 
 to Esther van Gobseck. In 1829 he was domiciled on the Rue 
 de Provence,* in the house of a coach-builder;, he stole the 
 seven hundi^d and fifty thousand francs which formed the 
 succession of Jean-Esther van Gobseck ; he was compelled to 
 make restitution of seven hundred thousand francs [The 
 Harlot's Progress, T, Z\ 
 
 Paccard, Mademoiselle, sister of the foregoing ; she was 
 also a dependent on Jacques Collin and his aunt, Jacqueline 
 Collin [Vautrin's Last Avatar, z\^ , 
 
 Paddy. See Toby. 
 
 Palma, a Parisian banker, in the faubourg Poissonni^re. 
 Under two regimes, those of the Restoration and July, he had 
 great renown as a financier. *' He was the intimate adviser 
 of the Keller firm." Birotteau, the perfumer, vainly implored 
 his aid, when his affairs were embarrassed [The Firm of Nu- 
 cingen, t — Cesar Birotteau, O]. The partner of Werbrust, 
 he counted among his equals Gobseck and Bidault ; he could 
 have served Lucien de Rubempre [Gobseck, g — A Distin- 
 guished Provincial at Paris, W\. With Werbrust, Palma 
 also kept a store in which were sold muslin, calico, laces, and 
 printed linens, No. 5 Rue du Sentier, at the time when Maxi- 
 milien Longueville frequented the Fontaines [The Sceaux 
 Ball, u]. 
 
 Pamiers, Vidame de, *'the oracle of the faubourg Saint- 
 Germain under the Restoration"; was one of the family 
 council called in reference to the escapades of his great -niece, 
 Antoinette de Langeais, who had compromised herself at 
 * To this has now been added the old Rue Saint-Nicolas. 
 
406 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Montriveau's door [The Duchesse de Langeais, 6&]. An ex- 
 commander of the Order of Malta, he was a type of the eigh- 
 teenth century at the beginning of the nineteenth ; he was an 
 old and very intimate friend of the Baronne de Maulincour ; 
 Pamiers brought up the young Baron Auguste de Maulincour, 
 and defended him against Bourignard's hate [Ferragus, hh\ 
 Formerly in correspondence with the Marquis d'Esgrignon, 
 the vidame presented Victurnien, his son, to Diane de Mau- 
 frigneuse : an intimate liaison followed between the young 
 man and the future Princesse de Cadignan [The Collection of 
 Antiquities, a(l\. 
 
 Pannier, a trader and banker, since 1794; the ** Brigands' " 
 treasurer; implicated in the Chauffeurs' uprising, 1809. He 
 was condemned to twenty years' hard labor, and sent to the 
 hulks. He was appointed lieutenant-general under Louis 
 XVin.; he was governor of a royal castle; he died, leaving 
 no children [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Paradis, born in 1830; Maxime de Trailles' "tiger"; 
 cheeky, but intelligent ; taken by his master to Arcis-sur- 
 Aube, in the spring of 1839, during the election period; he 
 there knew Goulard, the sub-prefect; Poupart, the innkeeper; 
 and the Cinq-Cygne, Maufrigneuse, and Mollot families [The 
 Deputy for Arcis, _DX)]. 
 
 Parquoi, Francois, one of the Chouans for whom Abbe 
 Gudin celebrated a funeral mass in the depth of the trees, not 
 far from Foug^res, in the fall of 1799 ; as he did, also, for Jean 
 Cochegrue, Nicolas Laferte, Joseph Brouet, and Sulpice Cou- 
 piau, who, like Francois Parquoi, died of wounds received in the 
 battle of Pelerine, or at the siege of Fougeres [The Chou- 
 ans, ^]. 
 
 Pascal, the janitor of the Thuilliers' house on the Place de 
 Madeleine; he also performed the duties of beadle at the 
 church of the same name [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Pascal, Abbe:, almoner at the Limoges prison in 1829; an 
 old man ** full of gentleness " ; he could not prevail on Jean- 
 
COMjkDIE HUMAINE. 40? 
 
 Francois Tascheron, a prisoner, to make his confession, 
 although guilty of robbery followed by assassination [The 
 Country Parson, F\ 
 
 Pastelot, a priest at the church of Saint-Frangois in the 
 Marais,* in 1845 'i ^^ ^^^ present at Sylvain Pons' death 
 [Cousin Pons, Qc\. 
 
 Pastureau, Jean-Francois, the owner of a 'Apiece of 
 land," in I'lsere, damaged by a passage made under the ad- 
 ministration of Dr. Benassis [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Patrat, a notary at Fougeres in 1799; known by the 
 banker d'Orgemont and recommended to Marie de Verneuil 
 by the old miser [The Chouans, JB]. 
 
 Patriote, an ape which belonged to Marie de Verneuil, 
 and which she dressed to imitate Danton. The animal's 
 cunning nature called Corentin to Marie's mind [The Chou- 
 ans, ^]. 
 
 Paul, a servant to Maitre Petit-Claud, AngoulSme, 1822 
 [Lost Illusions, l>f\ 
 
 Pauline was for a long time chambermaid to Julie d' Aigle- 
 mont \k. Woman of Thirty, S\ 
 
 Paulmier, an employe in the Bureau of Finance, in 
 Flamet de la Billardiere's division and Isidore Baudoyer's 
 office, under the Restoration. Paulmier, a bachelor, was 
 continually quarreling with his married colleague, Chazelles 
 [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Paz, Thaddee, Polish ; the descendant of an illustrious 
 family of Florence, the Pazzi, one of whose members, perse- 
 cuted, took refuge in Poland. A compatriot, of the same age, 
 and a friend of Comte Mitgislas Laginski, Paz, like him, 
 fought for his country, and followed him in exile to Paris, 
 during Loiiis-Philippe's reign ; he accepted, on account of 
 his poverty, the duties of steward to the count. Paz — 
 now pronounced Pac, and he held the title of captain of 
 volunteers — managed the Laginski mansion most admirably, 
 * Really situated on the Rue Chariot. 
 
408 COMPENDIUM 
 
 but he left when, strongly smitten by Clementine Laginska, 
 he found himself unable to longer hold out against his passion ; 
 he had taken an ''Imaginary Mistress" in the person of the 
 circus-girl, Marguerite Turquet. Captain Thaddee saw the 
 Steinbocks married ; he pretended to leave France, but once 
 more appeared to the countess, during the winter of 1842, 
 when he carried her away from Rusticoli de la Palferine [The 
 Imaginary Mistress, Tl — Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Pechina, La, Genevieve Niseron's nickname. 
 
 Pederotti, II Signor, Maurice de THostal's wife's father. 
 He was a banker at Genoa ; he dowered his only daughter 
 with a million francs when she married the French consul ; 
 six months later he died, January, 1831, and left her a fortune 
 valued at two millions gained by trading in grain. Pederotti 
 had been made count by the King of Sardinia ; as he left no 
 masculine posterity the title died with him [Honorine, /?]. 
 
 Pelletier, one of Benassis' aides in I'lsere; he died in 
 1829, and was buried the same day as the last of the '* cretins'* 
 preserved by the superstition of that commune. Pelletier left 
 a widow — who saw Genestas — and numerous children, the 
 eldest of which, Jacques, was born about 1807 [The Country 
 Doctor, (7]. 
 
 Penelope,* a Norman brown-bay mare, foaled in 1792; 
 cared for with the greatest solicitude by Jacquelin ; she still 
 carried them to the Prebaudet in 181 6; Rose Cormon, her 
 mistress, dearly loved her. Penelope died during the year 
 last mentioned, 1816, after the marriage of Mile. Cormon, who 
 became Mme. du Bousquier [The Old Maid, a(l\. 
 
 Pen-Hoel, Jacqueline de, of a Breton family of the 
 highest antiquity; she lived at Guerande, where she was born 
 about 1780. The sister-in-law of the Kergarouets of Nantes 
 (the protectors of Major Brigaut), who feared no one in the 
 
 * With Penelope ends the biographies of animals. The compilers of 
 the Compendium think that these biographies, only few in number, are 
 not likely to be of much interest to the reader. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 409 
 
 country ; Jacqueline extended a warm welcome to the daugh- 
 ters of her younger sister, Vicomtesse de Kergarouet. Of her 
 nieces Mile, de Pen-Hoel particularly favored the eldest, 
 Charlotte ; she computed her dower and desired that she 
 should marry Calyste du Guenic, the lover of Felicite des 
 Touches [Beatrix, JP]. 
 
 Perotte served Rose Cormon, Alen9on, in 1816, who 
 became Mme. du Bousquier [The Old Maid, aa]. 
 
 Peroux, Abbe, the brother of Mme. JuUiard ; cure of 
 Provins during the Restoration [Pierrette, -t]. 
 
 Perrache, a little hunchback, a shoemaker by trade, and 
 the janitor, in 1840, of a house on the Rue Honore-Chevalier 
 belonging to Corentin [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Perrache, Madame, wife of the foregoing; she called 
 upon Mme. Cardinal, Toupillier's niece, with whom she had 
 some drugged wine [The Middle Classes, ee\ 
 
 Perret, Grossetete's partner; both were bankers at Limoges 
 at the beginning of the nineteenth century; Pierre Graslin 
 succeeded them [The Country Parson, jP]. 
 
 Perret, Madame, wife of the foregoing, quite old in 1829; 
 like all Limoges she was much concerned in the assassina- 
 tion committed that year by Jean-Francois Tascheron [The 
 Country Parson, F\ 
 
 Perrotet was, in 1819, one of Felix Grandet's tenants in 
 the neighborhood of Saumur [Eugenie Grandet, _E7]. 
 
 Petit-Claud, the son of a "poor enough tailor'* at 
 I'Houmeau, a suburb of Angouleme; he was a student in the 
 school in that town ; he there knew Lucien de Rubempr^ ; 
 from thence he went to Poitiers. Returning to the chief 
 town of the Charente, he became the attorney Maitre Olivet's 
 clerk, and succeeded him. From then on Petit-Claud took 
 vengeance of the scorn which resulted from his lack of fortune 
 and ungraceful exterior. He met the printer Cointet and 
 served him, although appearing to defend David Sechard's 
 interests, who was also a printer. This conduct opened to 
 
410 COMPENDIUM 
 
 him a career in the magistracy. We see him a deputy-prose- 
 cutor and public-prosecutor. Petit-Claud never left Angou- 
 Idme; he there made a marriage of convenience, in 1822, with 
 Mile. Frangoise de la Haye, the natural daughter of Francis 
 du Hautoy and Mme. de Senonches [Lost Illusions, ^T]. 
 
 Petit-Claud, Madame, wife of the foregoing; the natural 
 daughter of Francis du Hautoy and Mme. Senonches, nee 
 Frangoise de la Haye ; she was confided to the care of Mme. 
 Cointet, the Cointets' mother; by the good offices of the 
 ** Big Cointet," her son, she married her to Petit-Claud. She 
 was insignificant in appearance, but pretentious, and had an 
 adequate dowry [Lost Illusions, JV]. 
 
 Peyrade, born about 1758 in the Comtat, Provence; one of 
 a large arid poor family, who scarcely made a living off" a mean 
 estate called Canquoelle. Peyrade, Theodose de la Peyrade's 
 paternal uncle, was noble, but lost to them. He left Avignon 
 for Paris in the year 1776. Two years later he was admitted 
 into the police. Lenoir greatly esteemed him. His dissipa- 
 tion and vices hindered his advancement, which otherwise 
 would have been brilliant and enduring. He really possessed 
 in a marked degree the genius of espionage and the real faculty 
 of administration. Fouch6 utilized him and made him Cor- 
 entin's deputy in the matter of Gondreville's fictitious abduc- 
 tion. As a kind of minister of police he was sent to Holland. 
 Louis XVIII. consulted and employed him, but Charles X. 
 gave the **ecart " (bounce) to his humble servitor. Peyrade 
 was wretchedly lodged on the Rue des Moineaux, where we 
 find him caring for his daughter Lydie, whom he worshiped ; 
 she was born of his relationship with la Beaumesnil of the 
 Comedie-Fran^aise. Under peculiar circumstances he met de 
 Nucingen, who engaged him to search for Esther van Gobseck 
 and to ferret out the abode of that courtesan ; the chief of 
 police, by the interposition of the pseudo-abb6 Carlos Herrera, 
 interfered, and would not allow a further surveillance, and 
 asked a particular account of what had already been done. 
 
COMtDIE HUMAINE. 411 
 
 In spite of the protection of his friend Corentin, and notwith- 
 standing the genius of the police-spy himself, who worked 
 under the pseudonym of Canquoelle and Saint-Germain (no- 
 tably shown in the arrest of Felix Gaudissart), Peyrade came 
 out second best in his struggle with Jacques Collin. His 
 transformation into a scientific nabob, who kept Mme. Theo- 
 dore Gaillard, exasperated the old convict, who, during the 
 last year of the Restoration, took his vengeance : his daughter 
 Lydie was abducted and violated and Peyrade himself poisoned 
 [A Historical Mystery, jf/"— The Harlot's Progress, Y^ Z\ 
 
 Peyrade, Lydie.* See La Peyrade, Madame Theo- 
 dose de. 
 
 Phellion, born in 1 780 ; the husband of a wife originally 
 of the Perche ; the father of three children — two sons, Felix 
 and Marie-Theodore, and a daughter, who became Mme. 
 Barniol. He was compiling-clerk in Rabourdin's office in 
 the Bureau of Finance, and still performed that function until 
 the end of the year 1824. He sustained Rabourdin, who 
 had often defended him ; he lived on the Rue du Faubourg- 
 Saint-Jacques, near the Sourds-Muets ; he also taught history, 
 literature, and elementary morals to the pupils of Mesde- 
 moiselles La Grave. The Revolution of July made no 
 change in his manner. When he retired he did not quit 
 his old quarter, but remained domiciled there for more than 
 thirty years. At a cost of eighteen thousand francs he bought 
 a small house in the Impasse f des Feuillantines, in which he 
 went to live, and ornamented it in the solemn manner of the 
 middle-classes. Phellion was a major in the National Guard. 
 He largely preserved his old acquaintances ; he frequented or 
 met Baudoyer, Dutocq, Fleury, Godard, Laudigeois, Rabour- 
 
 * In 1882, under the title of "Lydie," a part of the life of Peyrade's 
 daughter formed a play which was placed on the stage of the Theatre 
 des Nations — now the Theatre de Paris — but the author did not publish 
 the piece. 
 
 \ A blind- court or alley 
 
412 COMPENDIUM 
 
 din, the eldest Mme. Poiret, and oftener the Colleville, 
 Thuillier, and Minard families. Politics and the arts took 
 up his hours of leisure. He became a member of the ** read- 
 ing committee" at the Odeon theatre. His electoral in- 
 fluence and voice were sought by Theodose de la Peyrade on 
 behalf of Jerome Thuillier, who desired the honor of being 
 elected to the municipal council — for Phellion had another 
 candidate — Horace Bianchon, a relation of the venerable J. 
 J. Popinot [Les Employes, cc — The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Phellion, Madame, wife of the preceding; belonging to 
 a family located in the West. By reason of the number of 
 her children, Vhich rendered their income insufficient — as it 
 was not more than nine thousand francs, pension and divi- 
 dends included — she continued, under Louis-Philippe, to give 
 lessons in "harmony" and music, the same as she had al- 
 ready done under the Restoration, at the seminary of the 
 Mesdemoiselles La Grave, with a grim severity which she 
 retained during her whole life [Les Employes, cc — The 
 Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Phellion, Felix, eldest son of the foregoing, born in 
 1817 ; a professor of mathematics in the royal college, Paris; 
 then a member of the Academy of Sciences ; a chevalier of 
 the Legion of Honor, following his remarkable work in the 
 discovery of a star ; he was illustrious before he attained the 
 age of twenty-five. After he became famous he married the 
 sister, Celeste-Louise-Caroline-Brigitte Colleville, of one of 
 his pupils, whom he loved and for whose sake he voluntarily 
 became a good Catholic [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Phellion, Madame Felix, wife of the preceding, nee 
 
 CfeLESTE-LoUISE-CAROLINE-BRIGITTE COLLEVILLE. Although 
 
 she was M. and Mme. Colleville's daughter, she was almost 
 altogether raised by the Thuillier family. Jerome Thuillier 
 had been one of Mme. Flavie Colleville's lovers, and he 
 passed for being Celeste's father. M., Mme,, and Mile. 
 Thuillier each gave one of their names at her christening, and 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 413 
 
 also promised a magnificent dowry. For this reason Olivier 
 Vinet, Godeschal, and Thdodose de la Peyrade sought Mile. 
 Colleville's hand in marriage. Now, although she was very 
 religious, she yet loved the Voltairian Felix Phellion and 
 married him forthwith when he returned to Catholicism [The 
 Middle Classes, ee\ 
 
 Phellion, Marie-Theodore, the brother-in-law and 
 younger brother of the preceding ones ; in 1840 he was a scholar 
 in the Bridges and Roads school [The Middle Classes, ee\, 
 
 Philippart, Messrs., were, at Limoges, manufacturers of 
 porcelain, and employed Jean-Frangois Tascheron, the assassin 
 of Pingret and Jeanne Malassis [The Country Parson, F\ 
 
 Philippe served in Marie Gaston's family; was once at- 
 tached to the service of Princesse de Vauremont ; he later be- 
 came a domestic in Henri de Chaulieu's service ; he finally 
 entered Marie Gaston's household, and looked after him dur- 
 ing his widowerhood [Letters of Two Brides, v — The Deputy 
 for Arcis, Djy\. 
 
 Pichard, Mademoiselle Niseron*s servant-mistress ; Niseron 
 was the cure of Blangy before 1789; she introduced into his 
 household her niece. Mile. Arsene Pichard [The Peasantry, jK]. 
 
 Pichard, Arsene, niece of the foregoing. See Rigou, 
 Madame Gregoire. 
 
 Picot, Nepomucene, an astronomer and mathematician ; a 
 friend of Biot's since 1807; the author of a treatise : *' Logar- 
 ithmes differentiels," also of the *' Postulatum d'Euclide," 
 and, above all, of the '^Theorie du mouvement perpetuel," 
 4 volumes in 4°, with plates, Paris, 1825. He lived in 1840 
 at No. 9 Rue du Val-de-Grace. With an excessive myopia, 
 he was very eccentric in his character and manners ; robbed 
 by his servant, Mme. Lambert, he merited being interdicted* 
 by his family. He was Felix Phellion 's old professor, and 
 visited England with him. At the Thuilliers', Place de la 
 Madeleine, before the Collevilles, Minards, and Phellions, 
 * Examined by a commission in lunacy. 
 
414 COMPENDIUM 
 
 who were there together, Picot revealed the fame of his pupil, 
 who had hidden it under a generous modesty ; this decided 
 the establishment of Celeste Colleville. Tardily decorated, 
 Picot married, not so tardily, an eccentric Englishwoman, an 
 opulent quadragenarian. She had him operated on in Eng- 
 land for cataract ', it was successful ; he returned to Paris. 
 Out of gratitude he left a considerable fortune, which had 
 come to him through his wife, to Felix Phellion [The Middle 
 Classes, ee]. 
 
 Picquoiseau, Comtesse, the widow of a colonel; with 
 Mme. de Vaumerland, she was a boarder at Mme. Vauquer's 
 [Father Goriot, G\ 
 
 Pius VII., Barnabe Chiaramonti, Pope, 1740 to 1823. 
 In 1806 he was consulted by letter on the question : " To learn 
 if a woman could, without compromising her salvation, go to 
 a ball or entertainment in a low-necked dress," made by his 
 correspondent, Mme. Angelique de Granville. He replied in 
 a dignified and tender manner worthy of Fenelon [A Second 
 Home, ^]o 
 
 Piedefer, Abraham, a descendant of a Calvinist middle- 
 class family of Sancerre, whose ancestors in the sixteenth 
 century were artisans, then became mercers ; he made a mess 
 of his affairs during Louis XVI. 's reign ; he died about 1786, 
 all he left being two sons, MoVse and Silas [Muse of the De- 
 partment, CO]. 
 
 Piedefer, Moise, eldest son of the foregoing ; he profited 
 in the Revolution by imitating his grandparents; he tore down 
 abbeys and churches ; he married the only daughter of a guil- 
 lotined Conventionalist, by whom he had a child, Dinah, 
 afterward Mme. Milaud de la Baudraye ; he compromised his 
 fortune by agricultural speculation; he died in 1819 [Muse of 
 the Department, CC\ 
 
 Piedefer, Silas, brother and youngest son of the two fore- 
 going ones ; owing to MoVse Piedefer he received no part of 
 the modest paternal succession \ he went to the Indies ; died 
 
COMJ^DIE HUMAINE. 416 
 
 in New York about 1837, worth about twelve hundred thou- 
 sand francs, his heiress being Mme. Milaud de la Baudraye, 
 his niece, who turned it over to her husband [Muse of the 
 Department, CC\ 
 
 Piedefer, Madame Moise, the sister-in-law and wife of the 
 foregoing; a lean woman, outwardly religious; lived with her 
 son-in-law ; her home was successively at Sancerre and Paris 
 with her daughter, Mme. Milaud de la Baudraye, whom she 
 succeeded in separating from Etienne Lousteau [Muse of the 
 Department, OO]. 
 
 Pierquin, born about 1786; the successor of his father as 
 a notary at Douai ; by the Pierquins, of Antwerp, he was a 
 distant cousin of the Molina- Claes, Rue de Paris; of an in- 
 teresting though positive nature ; he sought their oldest daugh- 
 ter, Marguerite Claes, in marriage, but she became Mme. 
 Emmanuel de Solis; he ended by marrying the younger 
 daughter, Felicie, in the second year of Charles X.'s reign 
 [The Quest of the Absolute, 2>]. 
 
 Pierquin, Madame, wife of the foregoing, nee Felicie 
 Claes ; when a young girl she found a second mother in her 
 elder sister, Marguerite [The Quest of the Absolute, J>]. 
 
 Pierquin, brother-in-law and brother of the foregoing; a 
 physician at Douai ; was friendly with the Claes [The Quest 
 of the Absolute, J>]. 
 
 Pierrot, the name given to Charles-Amedee-Louis-Joseph 
 Rifoel, Chevalier du Vissard [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Pierrotin, born in 1781. After serving in the cavalry, he 
 left the army in 181 5 to become his father's successor in the 
 line of carriages running between Paris and 1' Isle-Adam, and 
 who, commencing in a modest way, finished by becoming 
 very prosperous. One morning in the autumn of 1822, he 
 ** took " from the Golden Lion* a number of personages met 
 with in the Corned ie: Comte Hugret de Serizy, L^on de 
 
 * At 51 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis (now No. 47) and 2 Rue 
 d'Enghien, where the entrance to the Messagerie is situated. 
 
416 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Lora, and Joseph Bridau, whom he conveyed to Presles, an 
 estate in the vicinity of Beaumont. Pierrotin became **the 
 owner of the Messageries of the Oise " ; he married, in 1838, 
 his daughter Georgette to Oscar Husson, a superior officer in 
 retirement, the tax collector at Beaumont, and, like Canalis and 
 Moreau, one of '* his early travelers " [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Pietro, a Corsican ; one of the Bartholomeo di Piombos' 
 servants, Mme. Luigi Porta's parents [The Vendetta, -i]. 
 
 Pigeau, under the Restoration, successively a master-car- 
 rier and owner, at Nanterre, between Paris and Saint-Germain, 
 Laye, of a house which he built for himself in a very economi- 
 cal manner [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ^]. 
 
 Pigeau, Madame, wife of the foregoing ; she belonged to 
 a family of wine dealers. After the death of her husband, 
 about the end of the Restoration, she made everything of the 
 legacy that she unhappily received ; by her distrustful avarice 
 she lost her life, for she left Nanterre for Saint-Germain, 
 where she and her servant and dogs were all assassinated by 
 Theodore Calvi, in the winter of 1828-29 [Vautrin's Last 
 Avatar, ;$;]. 
 
 Pigeron, of Auxerre ; he died, it was said, by the hand of 
 his wife ; the autopsy of his body, which had been confided 
 to Vermut, the pharmacist at Soulanges, proved traces of 
 poison [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Pigoult was head clerk in the office in which Malin de 
 Gondreville and Grevin studied law; then, about 1806, he 
 became successively justice of the peace at Arcis and presi- 
 dent of the court in that town, at the time when the trial 
 came on in reference to the abduction of Malin, when, under 
 Grevin's instructions, he pushed the affair [A Historical Mys- 
 tery, ff\ Living in the arrondissement, about 1839, he pub- 
 licly recognized Pantaleon, Marquis de Sallenauve, and aided 
 his interests and ambitions in the election of a deputy [The 
 Deputy for Arcis, JDX>]. 
 
 Pigoult, the son of the foregoing, acquired the good-will 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 417 
 
 and business of Phileas Beauvisage's stocking making business ; 
 he made a mess of his affairs and killed himself, though his 
 death was made to appear as being a natural and sudden one 
 [The Deputy for Arcis, DI>\ 
 
 Pigoult, AcHiLLE, son and grandson of the foregoing; 
 born in 1801. Was little to look at, but of great intelligence; 
 he succeeded Maitre Grevin ; in 1819 he was the busiest no- 
 tary in Arcis. The favor of Gondreville and the friendship 
 of Beauvisage and Giguet for him were great factors in the 
 electoral struggle ; he combated Simon Giguet's candidature 
 and gave his aid to Comte de Sallenauve, who was successful. 
 The introduction of Marquis Pantaleon de Sallenauve to old 
 Pigoult, and his recognition of him, assured the assistance 
 of Achille Pigoult and the triumph of the sculptor Sallenauve- 
 Dorlange [The Deputy for Arcis, J>X>]. 
 
 Pillerault, Claude- Joseph, a very upright Parisian mer- 
 chant; the proprietor of the "Cloche d'Or," a hardware' 
 store, Quai de la Ferraille ; * he made a modest fortune, and 
 retired from business in 181 4. After having in succession lost 
 his wife, his son, and an adopted child, Pillerault devoted his 
 life to his niece, Constance-Barbe- Josephine, of whom he was 
 the guardian and only relative. In 1818 Pillerault lived on 
 the Rue des Bourdonnais ; he occupied a little suite of rooms 
 which he rented from Camusot, of the *'Cocon d'Or." 
 During this time Pillerault showed considerable intelligence, 
 energy, and deep feeling on behalf of Birotteau's affairs, which 
 had turned out unluckily and had compromised him. He 
 divined Claparon's character and terrified Molineux, who 
 were Birotteau's enemies. In politics he was a stoical and 
 candid Republican, so that at the Cafe David, situated be- 
 tween the Rues de la Monnaie and Saint-Honore, he was 
 looked upon as an oracle ; he paid the utmost respect to his 
 housekeeper, Mme. Vaillant, and spoke of Manuel, Foy, 
 Perier, Lafayette, and Courier as though they were gods 
 * Now the Quai de la M6gisserie. 
 27 
 
418 COMPENDIUM 
 
 [Cesar Birotteau, O]. Pillerault lived to a great age. The 
 Anselme-Popinots, his great-nephews, surrounded him in 1844. 
 Poulain cured the octogenarian of an illness ; he then owned a 
 house, Rue de Normandie, Marais, which was under the Cibots' 
 care, and which had among its tenants the Chapoulot family, 
 Schmucke, and Sylvain Pons [Cousin Pons, i;c]. 
 
 Pillerault, Constance-Barbe- Josephine. See Birotteau, 
 Madame Cesar. 
 
 Pimentel, Marquis and Marquise de; they enjoyed a 
 great influence, during the Restoration, not only in Parisian 
 society, but throughout the department of the Charente, 
 where they resided during the summer. They passed for 
 being the richest land-owners in the neighborhood of Angou- 
 Idme; they frequented their "peers,'* and these, with them- 
 selves, composed the flower of the Bargeton society [Lost 
 Illusions, _^]. 
 
 Pille-Miche. See Cibot. 
 
 Pinaud, Jacques, *'a poor linen merchant,'* under which 
 appellation M. d'Orgemont, a rich land-owner of Fougeres, 
 tried to deceive the Chouans, in order to avoid being pillaged 
 by them, in 1799 [The Chouans, ^]. 
 
 Pingret, the uncle of M. and Mme. des Vanneaulx; Jeanne 
 Malassis' master ; a miser who lived in an isolated house in 
 the faubourg Saint-Etienne, near Limoges. One night in 
 March, 1829, he was robbed and assassinated by Jean-Frangois 
 Tascheron [The Country Parson, F\ 
 
 Pinson, a Parisian restaurateur,* who was for a long time 
 famous on the Rue de I'Ancienne-Comedie ; at his place, under 
 Louis-Philippe, Theodose de la Peyrade, reduced to the last 
 stage of poverty, made an excellent dinner, costing forty-seven 
 francs, at Cerizet's and Dutocq's expense, and which resulted 
 in the forming of a partnership between the three men to ad- 
 vance their interests [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 * The Restaurant Pinson existed until quite recently. It nearly faced 
 the Caf6 Procope — the Zoppi of Desplein's youth. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 419 
 
 Piombo, Baron Bartholomeo di, born in 1 738 ; a com- 
 patriot and friend of Napoleon Bonaparte, whose mother he 
 had protected at the time of the trouble in Corsica, After a 
 terrible vendetta exercised in Corsica against the Portas, of 
 whom only one was saved, he left the country miserably poor 
 and went with his family to Paris. By the good offices of 
 Lucien Bonaparte he saw the First Consul, October, 1800, 
 and obtained estates, titles, and places from him. Piombo 
 was never ungrateful ; he was the friend of Daru, Drouot, and 
 Carnot; he gave testimony of his devotedness to the last day 
 of his benefactor's reign. The return of the Bourbons 
 caused his retirement. From Mme. Loetitia Bonaparte he 
 received an allowance which enabled him to buy and occupy 
 the hotel of the Portendueres. The marriage of his beloved 
 daughter, Ginevra, made her, against the paternal will, the 
 wife of the last of the Portas ; it was a source of grief and 
 vexation for Piombo, and he never forgave her during her 
 life [The Vendetta, i^. 
 
 Piombo, Baronne Elisa di, born in 1745, wife of the 
 foregoing and mother of Mme. Porta ; she was unable to 
 obtain Bartholomeo' s forgiveness for Ginevra, whom her 
 father never saw again after her marriage [The Vendetta, %\. 
 
 Piombo, Ginevra di. See Porta, Madame Luigi. 
 
 Piombo, Gregorio di, brother and son of the foregoing ; 
 he perished when a child, the victim of the Portas, in ven- 
 detta against the Piombos [The Vendetta, i]. 
 
 Piquetard, Agathe. See Hulot d'Ervy, Baronne Hector. 
 
 Piquoizeau, Frederic de Nucingen's janitor, when Ro- 
 dolphe Castanier held the position of cashier in the baron's 
 banking house [Melmoth Reconciled, cZ]. 
 
 Plaisir, '' the illustrious hairdresser " of Paris ; September, 
 1816, he arranged the hair of Caroline Crochard de Belle- 
 feuille. Rue Taitbout, then the Comte de Granville's mistress 
 [A Second Home, z\. 
 
 Plan at de Baudry. See Baudry, Planat de. 
 
420 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Planchette, an illustrious professor of mechanics, con- 
 sulted by Raphael de Valentin on the matter of the singular 
 Wild Ass' Skin, which the young man owned ; he sent him 
 to Spieghalter, the mechanic, and also to Baron Japhet, the 
 chemist, both of whom vainly attempted to stretch the 
 skin. The impotency of science in this matter simply stu- 
 pefied Planchette and Japhet. *'They were like Christians 
 going to their graves without having found a God in heaven." 
 Planchette was a tall, thin man, a kind of contemplative 
 poet [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\. 
 
 Plantin, a Parisian publicist, was in 1834 the editor of a 
 review and ambitious to become a master of requests to the 
 council of State, who had been recommended to Raoul 
 Nathan by Blondet, when he founded a great journal [A 
 Daughter of Eve, F]. 
 
 Plissoud was a bailiff and usher at Soulanges and unhappy. 
 Under the Restoration he belonged to the '^ second" society 
 in that little town; he was excluded from the '* first" on 
 account of his wife's, nee Euphemie Wattebled, misconduct. 
 A drinker and gambler, Plissoud made no fortune, for if he 
 combined his functions, they at once became a retribution to 
 him ; he was an insurance agent of a society against the chances 
 of conscription. An adversary of the Soudry salon, Plissoud 
 readily served against the interests of those who opposed 
 Montcornet, the lord of the Aigues [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Plissoud, Madame Euphemie, wife of the foregoing, the 
 daughter of Wattebled ; she reigned in the ^' second " society 
 at Soulanges, as Mme. Soudry did in the ''first" ; although 
 married she lived in a quasi marital state with Maitre Lupin 
 [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Poidevin was Maitre Bordin's second clerk in November, 
 1806 [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Poincet, an old and unlucky public writer and interpreter 
 at the Palais de Justice, Paris; about 1815 he accompanied 
 Christemio to Henri de Marsay's hotel, to translate the verbal 
 
COMiDIE HUMAINE. 421 
 
 message sent by Paquita Valdes [The Girl with Golden 
 Eyes, ds, II.]- 
 
 Poirel, Abbe, a priest at Tours ; promoted a canon at the 
 time when Monseigneur Troubert, together with Mile. Gamard, 
 persecuted Abbe Francois Birotteau [The Abbe Birotteau, i]. 
 
 Poiret, the eldest, born at Troyes. He was the son of an 
 assistant farmer and of a woman whose misconduct was notor- 
 ious, and who died in a hospital. He went to Paris with a 
 younger brother, and, like him, became one of the employes 
 working under Robert Lindet's administration, where he knew 
 the messenger of the bureau, Antoine ; he left the Bureau of 
 Finance in 1814 and was replaced by Saillard [Les Em- 
 ployes, cc\. He was cretinish and remained a bachelor by 
 reason of the "horror with which the dissipated life of his 
 mother inspired in him ; a *'dittoist " who was afflicted with 
 the trick of repeating, with some little variations, the words 
 of his questioners. Poiret boarded at the middle-class board- 
 ing-house of Mme. Vauquer, Rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve; 
 he occupied the second story in the widow's house ; he gave 
 his company to Christine-Michelle Michonneau, and married 
 her when Horace Bianchon procured the dismissal of that 
 woman, who bad denounced Jacques Collin, 1819 [Father 
 Goriot, 6r]. Poiret afterward met M. Clapart on the Rue de 
 la Cerisaie ; he lived at that time on the Rue des Poules and 
 had lost his health [A Start in Life, s— The Harlot's Pro- 
 gress, T^ Z]. He died under Louis-Philippe [The Middle 
 Classes, ee\ 
 
 Poiret, Madame, wife of the foregoing; nee Christine- 
 Michelle Michonneau in 1779; without doubt she passed a 
 restless youth. She pretended to have been persecuted by the 
 heirs of a rich old man whom she had cared for ; she became 
 a boarder at Mme. Vauquer' s, where she occupied the third 
 floor of her house on the Rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve ; she 
 made Poiret her cavalier; she bargained with Bibi-Lupin 
 (Gondureau) to deliver up to him Jacques Collin, who was 
 
422 COMPENDIUM 
 
 also a guest of Mme. Vaiiquer's. After having satisfied her 
 avariciousness and rancor she was compelled to leave the Rue 
 Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve, principally through a formal demand 
 made by Bianchon, one of the guests [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 Accompanied by Poiret, whom she afterward married, she 
 transported herself to the Rue des Poules, where she rented 
 out furnished rooms. Called before Camusot, the judge of 
 instruction, she recognized Jacques Collin in the pseudo-abb6 
 Carlos Herrera [The Harlot's Progress, T^ Z\. Ten years 
 later, then a widow, Mme. Poiret was still living at the corner 
 of the Rues des Postes and Poules, and counted Cerizet 
 among her tenants [The Middle Classes, ee]. 
 
 Poiret, the younger or junior, the brother-in-law and 
 brother of the foregoing, born in 1771 ; he had the begin- 
 ning, the instincts, and poor spirit of his eldest brother, and 
 followed the same career, working under Lindet. He re- 
 mained a compiling clerk in the Treasury ten years longer 
 than the elder Poiret ; he also kept the books of two dealers, 
 one of whom was Camusot of the " Cocon d'Or" ; he lived 
 on the Rue du Martroi; he dined regularly at the *' Veau qui 
 tgte," * Place du Chdtelet. Tournan, of the Rue Saint-Martin, 
 furnished him with his hats ; he once took one to him to be 
 examined, owing to a practical joke that had been played on 
 him by J. J. Bixiou ; he ended as an employe in the Bureau 
 of Finance under Xavier Rabourdin. He retired January i, 
 1825 ; Poiret junior is counted among those who retired to 
 Mme. Vauquer's house [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Polissard, the adjudicator of the woods of Ronquerolles, 
 in 1821 ; he probably employed at that time, on Gaubertin's 
 recommendation, Vaudoyer, a peasant of Ronquerolles, as 
 gamekeeper at Blangy, who was little short of being destitute 
 [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 PoUet, a bookseller-publisher together with Doguereau; 
 
 he published '* Leonide ou La Vielle de Surennes," a romance 
 
 * This establishment has been defunct for more than thirty-five years. ; 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 423 
 
 by Victor Ducange. He had business relations with Porchon 
 and Vidal ; he is found there when Lucien de Rubempre pre- 
 sented himself to them with his "Archer of Charles IX." [A 
 Distinguished Provincial at Paris, 31\ 
 
 Pombreton, Marquis de, a problematical character; a 
 lieutenant of musketeers under the old regime ; a friend of 
 Chevalier Valois, who boasted of having loaned him twelve 
 hundred pistoles, in order that he might have the means to 
 emigrate. Pombreton undoubtedly returned this money later, 
 though the fact remains uncertain ; for M. de Valois, a very 
 lucky player, would have had interest in noising around this 
 restitution, had it really taken place, to hide the resources 
 which he made out of his petty gambling play ; so five years 
 later, about 1821, Etienne Lousteau declared that the Pom- 
 breton succession was the same as the Maubreuil* affair, one 
 of the "stereotyped phrases" of journalism. Lastly, "le 
 Courrier de I'Orne," M. du Bousquier's publication, about 
 1830, had these lines: "I will give an income of one thou- 
 sand francs to the person who can prove the fact of the 
 existence of a M. de Pombreton before, during, or after the 
 emigration " [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, M. — Lost 
 Illusions, JV— The Old Maid, aa\ 
 
 Pomponne, La. See Toupinet, Mme. 
 
 Pons, SYLVAiN,t born about 1785 ; a son who tardily came 
 to M. and Mme. Pons, who founded, before 1789, the famous 
 uniform embroidering house, bought of them in 1815 by 
 M. Rivet ; he was cousin-german to Mme. Camusot of the 
 ** Cocon d'Or " ; the sole heir of the noted Pons Brothers, 
 embroiderers to the Court ; he took the prize of Rome, under 
 the Empire, for a musical composition ; returned to Paris in 
 1 810 and was noted for some years for his romances and 
 melodies, which were rich and full of grace. During his 
 
 * Maubreuil died at the end of the Second Empire, 
 f M. Alphonse de Launay drew the life of Sylvain Pons in a drama 
 which was presented at the Cluny theatre, Paris, about 1873. 
 
424 COMPENDIUM 
 
 sojourn in Italy Pons acquired a taste for objects of art and 
 virtu. His passion as a collector absorbed his patrimony: 
 Pons became the rival of Sauvageot. Monistrol and Elie 
 Magus appreciated and secretly envied the artistic wealth and 
 economically gathered collection of the musician. Pons, 
 himself ignorant of the intrinsic value of his museum, kept it 
 hidden, and cared for it himself. This was his ruin, for his 
 love for pictures, stones, and marbles, and other bric-a-brac 
 was greater than for his lyrical fame ; his ugliness, also, added 
 to a seeming poverty, prevented his getting married. The 
 satisfactions of a gourmand replaced those of love ; in 
 Schmucke's friendship he also found consolation for his iso- 
 lation. Pons cultivated his taste for good cheer ; he became 
 an old parasite on his family circle, just tolerated by his dis- 
 tant cousins and connections, the Camusots de Marville and 
 their relatives, Cardot, Berthier, and Popinot. Having met 
 Schmucke, in 1834, at the distribution of prizes in a young 
 ladies' boarding school, the pianist Schmucke, a professor like 
 himself, took a strong liking for him, and they joined together 
 in their living expenses and lodgings. Sylvain Pons was 
 the leader of the orchestra of which Felix Gaudissart was 
 the manager under the Monarchy of July. He admitted 
 Schmucke as a member of it, after he had taken up his abode 
 with Pons in the Rue de Normandie, in a house owned by C. J. 
 Pillerault, and where they lived happily together for a number 
 of years. Madeleine Vivet's rancor and that of Amelie 
 Camusot de Marville, so also the covetousness of Mme. Cibot, 
 Fraisier, Magus, Poulain, and Remonencq, aggravated a liver 
 complaint which Pons had and caused his death in April, 
 1845 5 ^^ ^^^ instituted Schmucke his universal legatee before 
 Maitre Leopold Hannequin, who had been sent by HeloYse 
 Brisetout. Pons had been instructed to compose the music 
 for a ballet entitled, '* les Mohicans " : this work was doubt- 
 less performed by his successor, Garangeot [Cousin Pons, Q0\. 
 Popinot, an alderman at Sancerre, in the eighteenth 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 425 
 
 century; the father of Jean- Jules Popinot and Mme. Ragon, 
 nee Popinot. A magistrate whose portrait, painted by Latour, 
 decorated the salon of Mme. Ragon, living in the Saint- 
 Sulpice quarter, Paris, under the Restoration [Cesar Birot- 
 teau, O]. 
 
 Popinot, Jean- Jules, son of the foregoing, brother of 
 Mme. Ragon, the husband of Mile. Bianchon, Sancerre ; he 
 embraced a career in the magistracy, but he did not quickly 
 attain the highest rung on the ladder of advancement by 
 his insight and integrity. Jean-Jules Popinot lived a long time 
 in Paris as a simple judge. He was much interested in a 
 kind of young orphan, Anselme Popinot, his nephew, who 
 was a clerk to Cesar Birotteau ; he was invited with his wife 
 to the famous ball given by the perfumer, December 17, 
 1818. About eighteen months later, Jean-Jules Popinot 
 visited Anselme, who was established as a druggist on the 
 Rue des Cinq-Diamants, and there met the drummer Felix 
 Gaudissart, whom he had saved from the consequence of some 
 injudicious words he had spoken before the police-spy Can- 
 quoelle-Peyrade [Cesar Birotteau, O]- Three years afterward 
 he lost his wife, who had brought him a portion of six thou- 
 sand francs per annum, just double his own personalty. 
 Thenceforth he was domiciled on the Rue de Fouarre; Popinot 
 had a liberal heart, and had a virtue which became a passion 
 — charity. On the request of Octave de Bauvan, Jean- Jules 
 Popinot was able to succor the count's wife, Honorine, by 
 employing for him an intermediary in the person of Felix 
 Gaudissart, who paid very generously for the artificial flowers 
 made by her [Honorine, A;]. Popinot finished by founding 
 a sort of ministry of benevolence. Lavienne, his servant, 
 and Horace Bianchon, his nephew by his wife's side, seconded 
 him. He ably assisted Mme. Toupinet, a poor woman of the 
 Rue du Petit-Banquier, 1828. The petition of Mme. d'Es- 
 pard for an interdiction to be placed upon her husband dis- 
 tracted Popinot in his character of Saint Vincent de Paul : a 
 
426 COMPENDIUM 
 
 man of rare discernment, he speedily discovered the injustice 
 the marquise intended, and recognized the real victim in 
 M. d'Espard, when he questioned him at 22 Rue de la Mon- 
 tagne-Sainte-Genevieve, in an apartment that was in striking 
 contrast in its simplicity to the gorgeous splendor he had 
 found in the faubourg Saint-Honore, in the marquise's resi- 
 dence. Under Mme. d'Espard's intrigues, Popinot was re- 
 moved from the commission in lunacy and Camusot was 
 substituted [The Commission in Lunacy, c\. Of the last 
 days of Popinot the information is much varied. Mme. de la 
 Chanterie's society wept over the death of the judge in 1833 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T\ and Phellion in 1840. 
 J. J. Popinot probably deceased at 22 Rue de la Montagne- 
 Saint-Genevieve, in the dwelling he occupied when a councilor 
 to the Court, a municipal councilor of Paris, and councilor- 
 general of the Seine [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Popinot, Anselme, a poor orphan, nephew of the fore- 
 going and Mme. Ragon {nee Popinot), who cared for him in 
 his childhood. Little, red-haired, and lame, he became a 
 clerk in Cesar Birotteau's Parisian perfumery store, the 
 "Queen of Roses," Ragon's successor, in order to show his 
 gratitude for the benefits a part of his family had done him, 
 who were almost ruined by their unfortunate investments in 
 the Wortschin mines, 1818-1819. Anselme Popinot secretly 
 loved Cesarine Birotteau, the daughter of his employer, which 
 she fully reciprocated ; partly through his help Cesar was re- 
 habilitated, thanks to the success of his drug business on the 
 Rue des Cinq-Diamants,* about 1819-20. The origin of his 
 great fortune and his domestic happiness date from this time 
 [Cesar Birotteau, 0\ After Birotteau's death, 1822, Popinot 
 married Mile. Birotteau, who gave him three children, two 
 sons and a daughter. The consequences of the Revolution of 
 
 * United to the Rue Quincampoix since 1851 ; it was situated between 
 the Rues Lombards and Aubry-le-Boucher. One Rue des Cinq-Diamants 
 really existed in the twelfth arrondissement. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 427 
 
 1830 added to Anselme Popinot's honors; he was twice elected 
 a deputy at the beginning of Louis-Philippe's reign, and, 
 more, a minister of commerce [Gaudissart the Great, o]. 
 Anselme Popinot was secretary of State, and made count and 
 a peer of France. He owned a mansion on the Rue Basse-du- 
 Rempart.* In 1834 he rewarded Gaudissart for the services 
 he rendered him on the Cinq-Diamants, by giving him the 
 management of a theatre on the boulevards, where operas, 
 dramas, burlesques, and ballets were alternately given [Cousin 
 Pons, 0?]. Four years later Comte Popinot was the new 
 minister of agriculture and commerce ; he was an amateur in 
 the arts, and voluntarily played the part of a delicate Mecene, 
 by buying for two thousand francs an example of Steinbock's : 
 "Groupe de Samson," bargaining for the destruction of the 
 mould in order that two "Samsons" might not result, and 
 placed it in the hands of Hortense Hulot d'Ervy, the artist's 
 fiancee. When Wenceslas married Mile. Hulot d'Ervy, Popi- 
 not was, with Eugene de Rastignac, the Pole's witness 
 [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Popinot, Madame Anselme, wife of the foregoing, nee 
 Cesarine Birotteau in 1801. Good and beautiful, once 
 nearly promised to Alexandre Crottat, she married, about 
 1822, Anselme Popinot, whom she loved and who loved her 
 [Cesar Birotteau, O]. Once married she was, in the midst 
 of grandeur, the same simple, modest, honest, innocent per- 
 son that she had been in her early youth.f The transforma- 
 tion of the old dancer of the Acad^mie Royal, TuUia, into 
 Mme. Claudine du Bruel surprised Mme. Anselme, who was a 
 frequenter of that theatre [A Prince of Bohemia, FF\ Com- 
 tesse Popinot delicately assisted Adeline Hulot d'Ervy in 
 
 * This road has been all turned upside down ; it has been changed for 
 more than a quarter of, a century. 
 
 t In 1838 the little theatre of the Pantheon, demolished in 1846, gave 
 a melodrama by M. Eugene Cormon, entitled " Cesar Birotteau," in which 
 Mme. Anselme Popinot was one of the heroines. 
 
428 COMPENDIUM 
 
 1 841. Her interposition and that of Mesdames de Rastignac, 
 de Navarreins, d'Espard, de Grandlieu, de Carigliano, de 
 Lenoncourt, and de la Bastie was able to get her appointed as 
 an inspectress of benevolence [Cousin Betty, w\ Three 
 years later, when one of her three children married Mile. 
 Camusot de Marville, she imitated the modest Anselme, con- 
 traiwise to Amelie Camusot, and welcomed Pons, who was 
 C. J. Pillerault's — her maternal great-uncle — tenant [Cousin 
 Pons, q6\. 
 
 Popinot, VicOMTE, the eldest of the three children of the 
 foregoing, who married, in 1845, Cecile Camusot de Marville 
 [Cousin Pons, a?]. During 1846 he questioned Victorin Hu- 
 lot on the second and peculiar marriage of Baron Hector 
 Hulot d'Ervy, which was celebrated February ist, of that 
 same year [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Popinot, VicoMTESSE, wife of the foregoing ; nke Cecile 
 Camusot, 1821, having the name of Marville added to that 
 of Camusot by reason of the family having acquired an 
 estate in Normandy. Red-haired, pretentious, and insignifi- 
 cant, she persecuted her distant cousin, Pons, whose fortune 
 she afterward inherited \ she was once disdained by the 
 wealthy Frederic Brunner, who would not marry her because 
 she was an only daughter and therefore a spoiled child [Cousin 
 Pons, x\. 
 
 Popinot-Chandier, Madame and Mademoiselle, mother 
 and daughter; of Sancerre; they frequented Mme. de la 
 Baudraye's salons, at whom they railled with a middle-class 
 superiority [Muse of the Department, OC\ 
 
 Popole, godchild of Angelique Madou, who had business 
 transactions with Cesar Birotteau, the perfumer [Cesar Birot- 
 teau, O]. 
 
 Porchon. See Vidal. 
 
 Porraberil, Euphemie. See San-Real, Marquise de. 
 
 Porriquet, an old professor of the classics ; was Raphael 
 de Valentin's tutor for sixteen years, three of these being 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE, 429 
 
 passed in rehetoric. Removed from the University without 
 pension, after the Revolution of July, as being infected with 
 Carlism, a poor septuagenarian ; he had a nephew who paid 
 for his board at Saint-Sulpice seminary; he went to his dear 
 ** campus " to try and obtain a position as principal of a col- 
 lege in the provinces, but was grossly treated by the cams 
 alumnus^ whose every act seemed to shorten his life [The Wild 
 Ass' Skin, A\ 
 
 Porta, LuiGi, born in 1793, a striking portrait of a sister 
 whose name was Nina. At the beginning of the nineteenth 
 century he was the last living member of the Corsican family 
 of Porta; he was saved by Elisa Vanni, according to 
 Giacomo;* he lived in Genoa, where he enlisted in the 
 army and took part, while yet very young, in the Beresina. 
 Under the Restoration he had already become a commissioned 
 officer ; this interrupted his military career and he was tracked 
 at the same time as Lab6doy^re. Luigi Porta found an asylum 
 in Paris : the Bonapartist painter, Servin, who had opened a 
 study for painters, in which he taught young ladies the use 
 of the pencil, concealed Major Porta. One of his pupils, 
 Ginevra di Piombo, discovered the hiding-place of the exile ; 
 she succored him, then loved, and afterward married him, in 
 spite of the opposition of Bartholomeo di Piombo, her father. 
 Luigi Porta took his old comrade, Louis Vergniaud, who was 
 well known to Colonel Chabert, as his witness to the mar- 
 riage ; his life was a sad one, as he supported himself by ill- 
 paid writing; he lost his wife, who was broken down by 
 poverty, and went to the Piombos to acquaint them with 
 her death. He died soon after his wife, in 1820 [The Ven- 
 detta, i\ 
 
 Porta, Madame Luigi, wife of the foregoing, nee Ginevra 
 DI Piombo, about 1 790 ; she led in Corsica, as in Paris, the 
 life of a child spoiled by her father and mother, whose adored 
 
 * The insufficiency of information prevented the reconstitution of Gia- 
 como's civil status. 
 
430 COMPENDIUM 
 
 child she was. In the painter Servin's studio, where her talent 
 showed brilliantly and far above the remainder of the class, 
 she knew the Mesdames Tiphaine and Camusot de Marville, 
 at that time Miles. Roguin and Thirion. Defended only by 
 Laure, she submitted to the cruel persecutions organized by 
 Am61ie Thirion, an envious Royalist, who before her arrival 
 had been the favorite pupil ; she found out Luigi Porta's 
 hiding-place, and later, against the wishes of Bartholomeo di 
 Piombo, married him. Mme. Porta lived most wretchedly; 
 she sold some of her works, copies of pictures, to Magus, in 
 spite of his poor pay ; she brought a son, Barth^lmy, into the 
 world, but was unable to nurse him ; he perished, and she died 
 of grief and exhaustion during the year 1820 [The Ven- 
 detta, il. 
 
 Portail, Du, a name taken by Corentin when *' prefect of 
 the occult and diplomatic police of high policy"; he lived, 
 under Louis-Philippe, on the Rue Honore-Chevalier [The 
 Middle Classes, ee\ 
 
 Portenduere, Comte Luc-Savinien de, grandson of 
 Admiral de Portenduere, born about 1788; he represented 
 the eldest branch of the Portendueres, the younger branch 
 of which was represented by Mme. de Portenduere and her 
 son, Savinien, his cousins. Under the Restoration he was the 
 husband of a wealthy wife, the father of three children, and 
 a deputy for I'lsere; he lived, according to the season, in 
 the place last named and in Paris at the castle or hotel de 
 Portenduere; when Vicomte Savinien was pursued for his 
 debts he did not assist him [Ursule Mirouet, jff ]. 
 
 Portenduere, Madame de, nU Kergarouet, a lady of 
 Brittany, proud of the nobility of her race. She married the 
 captain of a vessel, who was a nephew of the famous Admiral 
 de Portenduere, " the rival of Suffren, Kergarouet, and Si- 
 meuse " ; she bore him a son, Savinien; she survived her 
 husband ; she frequented the Rouvres, her neighbors in the 
 country, where she resided by reason of the paucity of her 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE, 433 
 
 fortune, under the Restoration, in the little town of Nemours, 
 on the Rue des Bourgeois, on which Denis Minoret also re- 
 sided. Savinien's costly dissipations and her long-maintained 
 resistance to the marriage of her son with Ursule Mirouet 
 agitated the last hours of Mme. de Portenduere [Ursule Mi- 
 rouet, JI\ 
 
 Portenduere, Vicomte Savinien de, son of the foregoing; 
 born in 1806 ; a cousin of Comte de Portenduere, a descendant 
 of the noted admiral of that name ; a great-nephew of Vice- 
 Admiral de Kergarouet. He left the little town of Nemours, 
 and his mother's company, during the Restoration, to go to 
 and live the life of Paris, where, despite his relationship to the 
 Fontaines, he loved, without any reciprocal feeling on her part, 
 Emilie de Fontaine, who was successively the wife of Admiral 
 de Kergarouet and the Marquis de Vandenesse [The Sceaux 
 Ball, u\. Savinien was also smitten by Leontine de Serizy; 
 he was an intimate of Marsay, Rastignac, Rubempre, Maxime 
 de Trailles, Blondet, and Finot ; he soon lost a considerable 
 sum, and, crippled with debts, became a ** boarder " at Sainte- 
 P^lagie ; he there received Marsay, Rastignac, and Rubempre, 
 who were desirous of aiding him, and was rallied by Florine, 
 who was later Mme. Nathan [The Harlot's Progress, !F]. 
 Urged by his ward, Ursule Mirouet, Denis Minoret, one of 
 Savinien's neighbors at Nemours, advanced the sum necessary 
 to liquidate the debt and release the debtor. The vicomte 
 enlisted in the navy, retiring with the grade of ensign, and 
 the decoration, two years after the Revolution of July, and 
 five years before he married Ursule Mirouet [Ursule Mi- 
 rouet, JS.\ The Vicomte and Vicomtesse de Portenduere 
 formed a charming pair, recalling two other happy Parisian 
 couples: the Laginskis and the Ernest de la Basties. In 
 1840 they lived on the Rue des Saints-Peres,* where they 
 became intimate with the Calyste du Guenics, and joined 
 them in their box at the Italiensf [Beatrix, JP]. 
 * Now much lengthened. \ At that time held in the hall of the Od6on. 
 
432 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Portenduere, Vicomtesse Savinien de, wife of the fore- 
 going, nee Mirouet, in 1814. The orphan daughter of an 
 unfortunate artist, a music conductor named Joseph Mirouet, 
 and Dinah Grollman, a German ; the natural grandchild of the 
 noted harpist, Valentin Mirouet, and thus the niece of the 
 rich physician Denis Minoret ; she was received by him when 
 she was a young child, and later became his dearly loved 
 ward ; she recalled to his mind, by her features and character, 
 his deceased wife. The adolescence and youth of Ursule 
 were passed at Nemours and were marked alternately by joys 
 and sorrows. The servants and her guardian's intimate 
 friends were all solicitous of her welfare. A distinguished 
 musician, the future vicomtesse received lessons in harmony from 
 the pianist Schmucke, who was brought from Paris for this. She 
 was religious and was instrumental in converting the Voltairian 
 Denis Minoret ; but the influence which she possessed pro- 
 voked the ferocious enmity of the Minoret-Levraults, the 
 Massins, Cremieres, Dionis', and Goupils against her; when 
 she was declared to be the doctor's universal legatee, they 
 despoiled, calumniated, and cruelly persecuted her. Ursule 
 was also repulsed by Mme. de Portenduere, whose son, Savi- 
 nien, loved her. Later Minoret-Levrault and Goupil repented 
 of their hatred, which had manifested itself in many diverse 
 ways; her marriage with Vicomte de Portenduere finally 
 received his mother's approval, and this consoled her for the 
 loss of Denis Minoret [Ursule Mirouet, JGT]. Paris adopted 
 her, and society acclaimed her success as a singer [Another 
 Study of Woman, V\. In the midst of her happiness the 
 vicomtesse showed herself, in 1840, the devoted friend of 
 Mme. Calyste du Guenic, who, just after her confinement, 
 nearly died through weeping over the discovered conjugal 
 infidelity of her husband [Beatrix, _P]. 
 
 Postel was at I'Houmeau, a faubourg of Angouldme, the 
 ward, and after that clerk to the pharmacist Chardon ; he suc- 
 ceeded him at his death ; he acted kindly to the unhappy 
 
COM&DIE IIUMAINE 433 
 
 family of his old employer ; he vainly desired to marry their 
 daughter Eve, who afterward became Mme. David Sechard, 
 and became Leonie Marron's husband ; by his wife he had 
 mean, puny children [Lost Illusions, 'N\ 
 
 Postel, Madame, wife of the foregoing, nee Leonie Mar- 
 RON, daughter of Dr. Marron, a physician at Marsac, Cha- 
 rante ; out of jealousy, she sulked with the handsome Mme. 
 Sechard ; for cupidity, she coddled Abbe Marron, a relative 
 of whom she meant to be the heiress [Lost Illusions, lf\ 
 
 Potasse, The Family ; the sobriquet of the Protezes, who 
 manufactured chemical products, partners of Cochin, who 
 knew Minard, Phellion, Thuillier, and Colleville ; a type of 
 Parisian middle-class folk, about 1840 [The Middle 
 Classes, ee\. 
 
 Potel, an old major in the Imperial armies ; retired, during 
 the Restoration, to Issoudun together with Captain Renard ; 
 he took part with Maxime Gilet against the officers Mignon- 
 net and Carpentier, the declared adversaries of the chief of 
 the Knights of Idlesse [A Bachelor's Establishment, «/]. 
 
 Pougaud, The Little, while a child had an eye burst by 
 Jacques Cambremer; at that early period of his existence 
 this bore witness to his precocious perversity [A Seaside 
 Tragedy, e\. 
 
 Poulain, Madame, born in 1 778. She married a breeches- 
 maker who died while of poor fortune, for the sale of his Funds 
 brought in an income of not more than eleven hundred 
 francs.- For twenty years she lived and worked amongst and 
 for Poulain*s confreres, and in spite of the small results she 
 strove to give her son a liberal education, hoping for a rich 
 establishment for him. Mme. Poulain was uneducated, but 
 tactful, and always retired when her son's patients called upon 
 him. She once took the freedom of staying, which was on 
 the occasion of Mme. Cibot's call, on the Rue d'Orleans, at 
 the beginning of 1845 ^^ ^^ ^'^^ ^^ ^^44 [Cousin Pons, Qc\ 
 
 Poulain, Doctor, born about 1805, without fortune and 
 28 
 
434 COMPENDIUM 
 
 without friends ; he vainly sought a large practice in Paris, 
 from 1845. ^^ remained in his mother's house; he was the 
 doctor of the '* poor of the quarter," and lived on the Rue 
 d'Orleans,* in the Marais ; he knew Mme. Cibot, the janitress 
 of a house on the Rue de Normandie, of which she and her 
 husband were the caretakers for the owner, C. J. Pillerault, 
 the Popinots' uncle \ Horace Bianchon was his family phy- 
 sician. Poulain was called in to the bedside of Pons, who 
 was ill with a bilious and nervous fever, by Mme. Cibot ; by 
 the assistance of his friend Fraisier, he intrigued in the favor 
 of Pons' legal heirs, the Camusots de Marville. As a reward 
 for his services, in 1845, ^^ ^^^ death of Pons (which was 
 soon followed by that of his friend Schmucke, his universal 
 legatee), Poulain was placed on the staff of the Quinze- 
 Vingts hospital, and became the house surgeon of that im- 
 portant establishment [Cousin Pons, x\. 
 
 Poupart or Poupard, of Arcis-sur-Aube ; the husband of 
 Gothard's sister, one of the heroes in the Simeuse affair; 
 proprietor of the Mulet inn. He was devoted to the Cadig' 
 nans, the Cinq-Cygnes, and the Hauteserres ; during the 
 electoral campaign of 1839, Maxime de Trailles lodged with 
 him ; Trailles was then a government emissary and had 
 Paradis, a "tiger," with him [The Deputy for Arcis, DU]. 
 
 Poutin was colonel of the Second Lancers; he knew 
 Marechal Cottin, minister of war in 1841 ; we are told of 
 him that, a long time before that date, Saverne, one of his 
 men, having been guilty of theft to be able to purchase a 
 shawl for his mistress, and who repented of his crime, swal- 
 lowed broken glass to escape dishonor. Prince de Wissem- 
 bourg reported this fact to Hulot d'Ervy, who had been 
 guilty of public pilfering [Cousin Betty, tv]- 
 
 Prelard, Madame, born in 1808; a pretty woman who 
 
 * For more than thirty-six years the Rue d'Orleans has been a part of 
 the Rue Chariot; it was situated between the Rues Quatre-Fils and 
 Poitou. 
 
COM&DIE HUMATNE. 435 
 
 was at one time the mistress of the assassin Auguste, who was 
 executed. She remained a constant dependent of Jacques 
 Collin's ; through Jacqueline Collin, aunt of the pseudo 
 Herrera, she married the head of a hardware firm on the Quai 
 aux Fleurs, Paris, at the sign of the " Bouclier d'Achille" 
 [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ;^]. 
 
 Prevost, Madame, a noted florist, of a firm which always 
 existed in the Palais-Royal. In the early part of 1830 
 Frederic de Nucingen bought a bouquet from her for which 
 he paid ten louis, and which was destined for Esther van 
 Gobseck [The Harlot's Progress, Y, Z\ 
 
 Prieur, Madame, a clear-starcher at Angouldme, where 
 she had working for her Mile. Chardon, who afterward be- 
 came Mme. David Sechard [Lost Illusions, N\ 
 
 Pron, M. and Madame, a household of professors : M. 
 Pron looked after the department in rhetoric, 1840, in a 
 college under the direction of the priests, Paris. Born a 
 Barniol, Mme. Pron was, consequently, the sister-in-law of 
 Mme. Barniol-Phellion ; about the same time she succeeded 
 the Mesdemoiselles La Grave in the direction of a boarding- 
 school for girls. M. and Mme. Pron lived in the Saint- 
 Jacques quarter, and frequented the Thuilliers* salon [The 
 Middle Classes, ee7\. 
 
 Protez & Chiffreville, manufacturers of chemical pro- 
 ducts, Paris. For one hundred thousand francs they supplied 
 the inventor, Balthazar Claes, with merchandise, about 181 2 
 [The Quest of the Absolute, J)]. Partners of Cochin, of the 
 Treasury, '* all the Protezes and Chiffrevilles " were invited to 
 the famous ball given by Cesar Birotteau, Rue Saint-Honore, 
 December 17, 18 18 [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Proust was a clerk to Maltre Bordin, an attorney at Paris, 
 in November, 1806. He made known to Godeschal, Oscar 
 Husson, and Marest the many years* old register of the clerks 
 whom he had succeeded in Bordin's office [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Provencal, A, born in 1777, without doubt in the vicinity 
 
436 COMPENDIUM 
 
 of Aries. A private soldier during the wars at the end of the 
 eighteenth century ; he formed a part of General Desaix's ex- 
 pedition in farther Egypt; was made a prisoner by the Mau- 
 grabins ; he escaped them, but was unable to leave the desert, 
 where dates formed his sole sustenance. Reduced to the 
 perilous society of a female panther, he strangely enough 
 tamed it by his, at first, partly unintended caresses, but after- 
 ward of premeditation ; he ironically gave it the name of 
 Mignonne, the same name that he had given one of his former 
 mistresses, Virginie. The Provengal ended by killing it, 
 though not without regret, through an excess of fright caused 
 by the furious love of the tawny beast. About the same time 
 the soldier was found and saved by some men of his own com- 
 pany. Thirty years later, an old man, worn out in the Impe- 
 rial wars, his right leg amputated, he is found at Marten's 
 menagerie ; he narrated the story of his adventure to a young 
 spectator [A Passion in the Desert, ds^ II.]. 
 
 Quelus, Abbe, a priest of Tours or its neighborhood ; he 
 frequented the Chessels, about the beginning of the Restora- 
 tion [The Lily of the Valley, i]. 
 
 Queverdo, the faithful steward of Baron de Macumer's 
 immense estates in Sardinia ; after the defeat of the Liberals 
 in Spain, 1823, to insure the safety of his master, they dis- 
 guised themselves as coral fishers and took their way by Anda- 
 lusia [Letters of Two Brides, v\ 
 
 Quillet, Francois, was the office-boy on the newspaper 
 established in 1835, by Raoul Nathan, Rue Feydeau, Paris. 
 He served his master, who once took his name to thwart the 
 search of his divers creditors for him in a furnished-room 
 house, Rue du Mail [A Daughter of Eve, V\ 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 437 
 
 Rabouilleuse, La, Flore Brazier's sobriquet; she after- 
 ward became Mme. Jean-Jacques Rouget, then Mme. Philippe 
 Bridau. See the last name. 
 
 Rabourdin, Xavier; born in 1784; he never knew his 
 father. He was the son of a woman, both handsome and 
 elegant, who lived in luxury, but who left him a poor orphan 
 when sixteen years old, the age at which he left the Lycee 
 Napoleon and entered as a supernumerary in the Bureau of 
 Finance. At twenty-two Rabourdin was second clerk, and at 
 twenty-five chief clerk ; an unknown protector had advanced 
 him, and the same occult influence opened M. Leprince's, the 
 old auctioneer and appraiser, house to him ; he was a rich 
 widower whose only daughter Rabourdin loved and married. 
 At this time he lost his powerful protector, caused most likely 
 by his death ; this arrested Rabourdin's career; in spite of his 
 intelligent and devoted work, he was still kept in the same 
 post he had held for forty years, when, in 1824, by the death 
 of Flamet de la Billardiere, a vacancy was produced in the 
 place of a chief of division. This post, which he was ambi- 
 tious, and deserved, to secure, was given to the incapable 
 Baudoyer, who was supported by the church and finance. 
 Disgusted, Rabourdin sent in his resignation. He had arranged 
 a very remarkable project to reform the administration ; this 
 probably caused his downfall. During his ministerial career 
 Rabourdin lived on the Rue Duphot. By his wife he had 
 two children : Charles, born 1815; and a daughter, born 181 7. 
 About 1830 Rabourdin went into the Bureau of Finance and 
 there saw Laurent and Gabriel, his old messengers in the 
 office, nephews of Antoine, then retired ; he learned from 
 them that Colleville and Baudoyer had become tax-collectors 
 in Paris [Les Employes, cc\. Under the Empire he attended 
 
438 COMPENDIUM 
 
 the soirees at the Guillaumes, the dry goods house, Rue Saint- 
 Denis [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket, t\ Later he was 
 invited with his wife to the famous ball given by Cesar Birot- 
 teau, December 17, 1818 [Cesar Birotteau, O]. When a 
 widower, in 1840 Rabourdin was a railroad director of a 
 projected line ; about this time he took up his abode on the 
 Place de la Madeleine, in a house which had recently been 
 bought by the Thuilliers ; he had known Jerome Thuillier in 
 the Bureau of Finance [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Rabourdin, Madame, nee Celestine Leprince, 1796; 
 tall and handsome, of a splendid figure ; she was raised by 
 an artistic mother ; she was well groomed and a fine musi- 
 cian ; she spoke a number of languages, and, beside all, had 
 some scientific notions. Married by her father (then a wid- 
 ower), while quite young, she opened a salon in 1824, where 
 would have been seen, only for the baseness of Jean-Jacques 
 Bixiou, the poet Canalis, the painter Schinner, and Dr. Bian- 
 chon, whom she particularly appreciated. Those attending 
 were Lucien de Rubempre, Octave de Camps, Comte de 
 Granville, Vicomte de Fontaine, F. du Bruel, Andoche 
 Finot, Derville, Chatelet (then a deputy), Ferdinand du 
 Tillet, Paul de Manerville, and Vicomte de Portendu^re ; a 
 rival of Mme. Colleville, who surnamed Mme. Rabourdin 
 *' the Celimene of the Rue Duphot." Much spoiled by her 
 mother, Celestine Leprince believed she must become a great 
 personage. So, although she loved M. Rabourdin, she had 
 once hesitated about marrying him because of the name he 
 would give her. She remained strictly faithful to him, though 
 she might have procured him the post of chief of the division 
 he coveted if she would have abandoned herself to Chardin 
 des Lupeaulx, secretary-general to the minister of finance, 
 who was very much smitten by her. She died in 1840 [The 
 Commission in Lunacy, c — Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Rabourdin, Charles. A good student ; son of the fore- 
 going; born in 1815. From 1836 to 1838 he lived in a hotel 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 489 
 
 on the Rue Corneille. There he knew Z. Marcas and helped 
 him in his distress ; he attended him on his death-bed ; him- 
 self and Juste, a medical student, were the only followers of 
 that unknown great man's remains, which were buried in the 
 common grave in Montparnasse cemetery. After having nar- 
 rated the sad history of Z. Marcas to some of his friends, 
 Charles Rabourdin, by their advice, expatriated himself, the 
 same as he had counseled the defunct ; he embarked at Havre 
 for the Malays, not being able to make a position for himself 
 in France [Z. Marcas, ^ii]. 
 
 Racquets, Des. See Raquets, Des. 
 
 Ragon, born about 1748; a perfumer, Rue Saint-Honore, 
 between Saint-Roch and the Rue des Frondeurs, Paris, during 
 and up to the end of the eighteenth century ; he was a little 
 man of *' fully five feet,*' a nut-cracker face, gallant and pre- 
 tentious. He sold his store, the "Queen of Roses/' to his 
 head clerk, Cesar Birotteau, after Brumaire 18. He was 
 formerly perfumer to her majesty Queen Marie-Antoinette ; 
 M. Ragon was always a zealous Royalist, and, under the Re- 
 public, the Vendeans made use of his services in correspond- 
 ing with the princes and the Royalist committee in Paris. 
 He received Abbe de MaroUes, to whom he gave information, 
 after his pointing out a man, that the person was the execu- 
 tioner of Louis XVI., which was the first time his identity had 
 been revealed to the abbe. In 181 8, he was the victim of one 
 of Nucingen's speculations, called "the affair of the Worts- 
 chin mines"; with his wife, Ragon seems to have occupied 
 apartments on the Rue du Petit-Bourbon-Saint-Sulpice* 
 [Cesar Birotteau, O — An Episode of the Reign of Terror, t\ 
 
 Ragon, Madame, nee Popinot, sister of Judge Popinot, 
 wife of the foregoing j was very nearly the same age as her 
 
 * Really that portion of the Rue Saint-Sulpice comprised between the 
 Rue de Seine and Place Saint-Sulpice ; that small part between the Rue 
 Garanciere and the preceding named square [place) is known as the Rue 
 des Aveugles. 
 
440 COMPENDIUM 
 
 husband. In 1818 she was *' a tall, thin woman, with a sharp 
 nose and thin lips, and looked a very fair imitation of a mar- 
 quise of the ancien regime^^ [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 RagouUeau,* Jean-Antoine, a barrister in Paris, was the 
 one from whom his signature was attempted to be forced and 
 then assassinated by Morin the widow, who was convicted 
 after much diverse testimony had been given, amongst other 
 that advanced by the eldest Poiret ; she was sentenced to 
 twenty years of hard labor, January 11, 181 2 [Father 
 Goriot, G\ 
 
 Raguet was a shop-boy of Cesar Birotteau's, the perfumer, 
 in 18 1 8 [Cesar Birotteau, 0\ 
 
 Raparlier, a notary at Douai ; in 1825 he wrote the 
 marriage settlements of Marguerite Claes with Emmanuel de 
 Solis, of Felicie Claes with the notary Pierquin, and of 
 Gabriel Claes with Mile. Conincks [The Quest of the Abso- 
 lute, D]. 
 
 Rapp, a French general, born at Colmar in 1772 ; died in 
 1 82 1. One of First Consul Bonaparte's aides-de-camp; one 
 day in October, 1800, he is found in the service of his 
 master at the Tuileries at the time when the exiled Corsican, 
 Bartholomeo de Piombo, so inopportunely presented himself. 
 Rapp was distrustful of the faces of Corsicans in general, and 
 he would, if it had been permitted him, have stayed by the 
 side of the Bonapartes, who were compelled smilingly to dismiss 
 him [The Vendetta, t], October 13, 1806, on the eve of the 
 battle of Jena. Rapp made an important communication to 
 the Emperor, at the time when Napoleon, on the same field, 
 received Mile. Laurence de Cinq-Cygne and M. de Charge- 
 boeuf, who had arrived express from France to solicit pardon 
 for the two Simeuses and the two Hauteserres, who were 
 falsely implicated in a political trial, convicted, and sentenced 
 to hard labor in prison [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 * The true 'orthography of this name, as we learn from an authentic 
 source, is Ragouleau and not Ragoulleau.J 
 
COMEDIE HI/MAINE. 441 
 
 Raquets, Des, of Douai, a Fleming devoted to the tradi- 
 tions and usages of his native province ; uncle of the im- 
 mensely rich notary Pierquin, and his sole heir ; he received 
 his succession in the last years of the Restoration [Tlie Quest 
 of the Absolute, 1>]. 
 
 Rastignac, Chevalier de, great-uncle of Eugene de 
 Rastignac ; was a vice-admiral and commanded le Venguer 
 before 1789, and lost all his fortune in the service of the 
 King; the Revolutionary government would not recognize 
 his accounts in the liquidation which it made of the Indian 
 Company [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Rastignac, Baron and Baronne de, who had, near Ruf- 
 fec, Charente, an estate on which they lived at the end of the 
 eighteenth century and the commencement of the nineteenth, 
 and where were born five children : Eugene, Laure-Rose, 
 Agathe, Gabriel, and Henri. They were poor and lived in 
 strict retirement, maintaining an imposing dignity, so that 
 their neighbors, the Marquis and Marquise de Pimental, ex- 
 ercised with their countenance, being friendly with this Court 
 nobility, a great influence throughout the province. They 
 were once invited to Mme. Bargeton's, at Angouleme ; they 
 there saw Lucien de Rubempre and appreciated him [Father 
 Goriot, 6r — Lost Illusions, N^. 
 
 Rastignac, Eugene de,* the eldest son of the foregoing, 
 born at Rastignac, near Ruffec, 1797. He went to Paris in 
 1819 to study law; he one time lived on the third floor of 
 the Vauquer boarding-house, Rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve, 
 and was then intimate with Jacques Collin, called Vautrin, 
 who particularly interested himself in trying to get him 
 married to Victorine Taillefer ; he became the lover of Mme. 
 de Nucingen, the second daughter of Joachim Goriot, an old 
 vermicelli dealer; and in February, 1820, went to live in a 
 pretty lodging, rented, furnished, and improved by the father 
 
 * As is remarked in a recent publication by M. S. de Lovenjoul, there 
 already exists an abridged biography of Eugdne de Rastignac. 
 
442 COMPENDIUM 
 
 ot his mistress. Goriot died in his arms ; only the servant, 
 Cristophe, and himself followed the goodman's funeral. At 
 the Vauquer boarding-house he was also intimate with Horace 
 Bianchon, a medical student [Father Goriot, 6r]. In 182 1, 
 at the opera, young Rastignac made all the people in two 
 boxes laugh aloud at the absurd provincialism of Mme. de 
 Bargeton and the *' Chardon fils "* (Lucien de Rubempre) ; 
 this caused Mme. d'Espard to leave the theatre and take her 
 relation with her, the latter publicly deserting the ''Distin- 
 guished Provincial." Some months later Rastignac courted 
 the same Lucien de Rubempre, who was then influential ; 
 with de Marsay he accepted the position as the poet's witness 
 in the duel he fought with Michel Chrestien, on the subject of 
 Daniel d'Arthez [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, M.\ 
 At the last opera-ball of 1824, Rastignac again encountered 
 Rubempre, at the time of his reappearance after being for a 
 long time absent from Paris ; with him was Vautrin, who 
 called his memory back to the Vauquer boarding-house, and 
 who enjoined him with authority to treat Lucien as a friend. 
 Soon after Rastignac became one of the frequenters of the 
 sumptuous mansion on the Rue Saint-Georges, in which 
 Nucingen had installed Esther van Gobseck [The Harlot's 
 Progress, 1^\ Rastignac assisted at Lucien de Rubempre's 
 funeral in May, 1830 [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ^. About the 
 same time Comte de Fontaine asked his daughter, Emilie, 
 that she accept Rastignac, whom he named among several 
 others, as her husband, but she, knowing of the illicit relations 
 existing between that ambitious young man and Mme. de 
 Nucingen, maliciously repulsed him [The Sceaux Ball, 1^]. 
 In 1828 Rastignac sought to become Mme. d'Espard's lover, 
 but was turned from his purpose by his friend. Dr. Bianchon 
 [The Commission in Lunacy, c]. In the same year Rastig- 
 nac was treated impertinently by Mme. de Listomere, when 
 he went to reclaim a letter intended for Delphine de Nucingen 
 * The son of a thistle or young thistle. 
 
COM&DJE HUMAINE. 443 
 
 and wrongly delivered to the former lady [A Study of 
 Woman, €L\. After the Revolution of July, he is found 
 present at Mile, des Touches', when de Marsay told the story of 
 his first love [Another Study of Woman, V\. At this time 
 he was in amicable relationship with Raphael de Valentin 
 [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\. In 1832 Rastignac became a 
 baron ; was an under-secretary of State in a department of 
 which de Marsay was the minister [The Secrets of the Princess 
 of Cadignan, ;§;]. In 1833-34 he made himself the sick- 
 nurse of the dying minister, hoping that he would be put in 
 his will. One evening about the same time he was at supper 
 at Very's, when he met Raoul Nathan and Emile Blondet, 
 whom he frequently encountered in society, and strongly 
 urged Nathan to profit by the favors of Comtesse Felix de 
 Vandenesse [A Daughter of Eve, F]. In 1833, at the Prin- 
 cess de Cadignan's, in the presence of the Marquise d'Espard, 
 the two old Dues de Lenoncourt and Navarreins, the Comte 
 and Comtesse de Vandenesse, d'Arthez, two ambassadors, and 
 two orators famous in the Peers' Chamber, Rastignac heard 
 the minister reveal the secret of the abduction of Senator 
 Malin, an affair that dated from 1806 [A Historical Mys- 
 tery, ff\ The third liquidation of Nucingen enriched him 
 in 1836; he was one of his more or less conscious accom- 
 plices; he then owned an income of forty thousand francs 
 [The Firm of Nucingen, t\ In 1838 he went to the inau- 
 guration of Josepha's mansion. Rue de la Ville-l'Eveque ; he 
 was one of the witnesses for Wenceslas Steinbock when he 
 married Hortense Hulot ; the same year he himself was 
 married to Augusta de Nucingen, daughter of Delpline de 
 Nucingen, his old mistress, whom he had left for five years. 
 In 1839 Rastignac was a minister for the second time, and 
 his public works nearly made him a count in spite of himself. 
 In 1845 h^ was a peer of France and owned an income of 
 three hundred thousand francs. Eugene de Rastignac was 
 accustomed to saying : " There is no absolute virtue; it is all 
 
444 COMPENDIUM 
 
 a matter of circumstances" [Cousin Betty, w — The Deputy 
 for Arcis, Djy — The Unconscious Mummers, te]. 
 
 Rastignac, Laure-Rose and Agathe de,* sisters of Eu- 
 gene de Rastignac, the second and third children of Baron 
 and Baronne de Rastignac; the eldest, Laure, was born in 
 1801 ; the second, Agathe, in 1802 ; both were modestly 
 brought up at Rastignac castle ; in 1819 they sent their sav- 
 ings to their brother Eugene, then a student in Paris. Some 
 years afterward he had become rich and powerful and he 
 married one of them to Martial de la Roche-Hugon, and the 
 other to a minister. In 1821 Laure, with her father and 
 mother, was received at M. and Mme. de Bargeton's home, 
 and there admired Lucien de Rubempre [Father Goriot, 6r — 
 Lost Illusions, 3^]. Mme. de la Roche-Hugon was the 
 mother of numerous daughters, whom she took to a children's 
 ball held at Mme. de I'Estorade's, in 1839 [The Deputy for 
 Arcis, J>D]. 
 
 Rastignac, Monseigneur Gabriel de, brother of Eugene 
 de Rastignac, one of the two last children of the Baron and 
 Baronne de Rastignac ; was private secretary to the bishop of 
 Limoges, at the end of the Restoration and during the crim- 
 inal trial of Tascheron ; he became a bishop, the same as his 
 superior, while quite young, in 1832, being at that time less 
 than thirty years old. He was consecrated by Archbishop 
 Dutheil [Father Goriot, 6r— The Country Parson, ^— A 
 Daughter of Eve, F]. 
 
 Rastignac, Henri de, without a doubt the fifth child of 
 Baron and Baronne de Rastignac — nothing is known of his 
 life [Father Goriot, G\ 
 
 Ratel, a gendarme in the department of the Orne, 1809; 
 he was, with his colleague Mallet, instructed to find " the 
 lady," Bryond des Minieres, implicated in the affair called 
 
 * The Mesdemoiselles de Rastignac have their biographies written 
 together, and under their maiden names, as we are ignorant which of the 
 two married Martial de la Roche-Hugon. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 445 
 
 the '• Chauffeurs of Mortagne"; as a fact, he did find the 
 accused, but allowed himself to be seduced by her, so that, 
 instead of arresting her, he and Mallet protected and allowed 
 her to flee. Ratel, when imprisoned, confessed all, and, with- 
 out waiting for his sentence, committed suicide [The Seamy 
 Side of History, T\ 
 
 Ravenouillet, the janitor of the house in which Bixiou 
 lived, in 1845, ^o- ^^^ Rue Richelieu; he was the son of a 
 grocer of Carcassonne ; he had always been a janitor, and had 
 been given his first place by his compatriot, Massol. Rave- 
 nouillet, although uneducated, did not lack intelligence; 
 according to Bixiou, he was "providence at thirty per cent." 
 of the sixty or seventy tenants in the house ; he made off them 
 an income of six thousand francs a month [The Unconscious 
 Mummers, le]. 
 
 Ravenouillet, Madame, wife of the foregoing \Jbid.\ 
 
 Ravenouillet, Lucienne, daughter of the foregoing, was, 
 in 1845, ^ student of singing in the Conservatory of Music, 
 Paris S^Ibid.\ 
 
 Regnauld,* Baron, 1754-1829; a celebrated painter, a 
 member of the Institute. Joseph Bridau, when fourteen years 
 of age, used very frequently to go to his study in 181 2-13 
 [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Regnauld de Saint-Jean d'Angely, "a clerk in the 
 office of Maitre Bordin, procureur to the Chastelet," in 1787 
 [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Regnault, ex-head clerk to Maitre Roguin, notary, Paris ; 
 he went to Vendome in 1816 and there purchased a notary's 
 practice. Called in by Mme. de Merret, on her death-bed, 
 he was made the executor of her will : in this quality, some 
 years later, he begged Dr. Bianchon to respect one of the 
 last wishes of the dead, and cease from promenading in the 
 garden attached to the Great Breteche, which had remained 
 empty and deserted for half a century, and entrance thereto 
 
 * Jean-Baptiste Regnault, a noted historical painter.— Translator. 
 
446 COMPENDIUM 
 
 being rigorously denied. Maitre Regnault was married to a 
 rich cousin from Vendome. A long, thin man, with a faded, 
 freckled face, and a little, pointed head, he continually inter- 
 larded his conversation with the expression '^a little moment" 
 [The Great Breteche, ?]. 
 
 Regnier, Claude-Antoine, Due de Massa, born in 1746, 
 died in 1814; an advocate, then a deputy to the Constitution; 
 was a ''great judge" (as the minister of justice was then 
 called) at the time of the celebrated trial of the Simeuses and 
 Hauteserres, who were accused of the abduction of Senator 
 Malin ; he remarked on the talent shown by Granville in de- 
 fense of the accused, and, some time later, having met the 
 Arch-chancellor Cambaceres, he called the young barrister into 
 his carriage and conveyed him to the door of his residence on 
 the Quai des Augustines; during the ride he gave him 
 practical advice and assured him of his favor [A Historical 
 Mystery, ff — A Second Home, ^\ 
 
 Regulus, one of the attendants at the hair-dressing estab- 
 lishments of Mougin, called Marius, Place de la Bourse, 
 Paris, 1845 [The Unconscious Mummers, tf]. 
 
 Remonencq, an Auvergnat, a marine-stores dealer and 
 broker. Rue de Normandie, Paris ; he was located in the 
 same house as that in which Pons and Schmucke resided, and 
 of which the Cibots were the janitors. Remonencq went to 
 Paris, where from 1825 to 1831 he bought and sold curiosities, 
 picking them up along the Boulevard Beaumarchis, and 
 worked as a traveling tinker on the Rue de Lappe; he 
 opened a wretched store in the same quarter for second- 
 hand goods. He lived in the most sordid and miserly 
 manner. He understood Pons and appraised the treasures of 
 the old collector at their real value ; his grasping avaricious- 
 ness urged him on to crime : he provoked the thefts com- 
 mitted by Mme. Cibot on Pons ; he poisoned that woman's 
 husband in order to marry her when she became a widow; 
 this he did, and afterward established a fine curiosity store on 
 
COMJ^DTE HUMAINE. 447 
 
 the Boulevard de la Madeleine. About 1846 he poisoned 
 himself, by mistake, with a glass of vitriol which he had 
 provided to carry off his wife [Cousin Pons, x]. 
 
 Remonencq, Mademoiselle, sister of the foregoing • 
 '^ a sort of idiot, with a vacant stare, dressed like a Japanese 
 idol." She lived with her brother, and economically managed 
 his household [Cousin Pons, flc]. 
 
 Remonencq, Madame, born in 1796; the former " hand- 
 some oyster-opener" at the Cadran Bleu, Paris; in 1828 
 she married for love the janitor-tailor Cibot, who was estab- 
 lished in the porter's lodge of a house on the Rue de Nor- 
 mandie, belonging to C. J. Pillerault, and in which the two 
 musicians. Pons and Schmucke, resided. For some time she 
 had charge of the two bachelors* household and at first served 
 them with fidelity; then, excited by Remonencq and en- 
 couraged by Mme. Fontaine, the fortune-teller, she began to 
 steal from the unfortunate Pons. Her husband had been 
 poisoned by Remonencq, though, indeed, without herself 
 being an accomplice in that crime, and after his death she 
 married the broker, who had become a dealer in curiosities, 
 enthroned in a store on the Boulevard de la Madeleine ; she 
 survived her second husband [Cousin Pons, a?]. 
 
 Remy or Remy, Jean, a peasant of Arcis-sur-Aube, 
 against whom a neighbor lost a trial touching the boundary 
 of a field. This neighbor, who took to drink, created a dis- 
 turbance at an election meeting, organized on behalf of Dor- 
 lange-Sallenauve in April, 1839, by making loud complaints 
 against Jean Remy. Jean Remy had a daughter who ob- 
 tained, without any title therefor, by the favor of a deputy, a 
 profitable tobacco sales place on the Rue Mouffetard, Paris 
 [The Deputy for Arcis, X)X)]. 
 
 Renard, an old captain in the Imperial armies, retired to 
 Issoudun, under the Restoration ; one of the officers in the 
 faubourg de Rome, who were hostile to the **Pekins" and 
 partisans of Maxence (Max) Gilet. Renard and Major 
 
448 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Potel acted in the duel he fought with Philippe Bridau, who 
 killed their principal [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ 
 
 Renard, a sergeant-major in a cavalry regiment, 1812. 
 He was educated to be a notary, but became a non-com- 
 missioned officer ; he had the face of a young girl and passed 
 for a *'cajoler." The friend of Genestas, he many times 
 saved his life, but took from him a Jewess of Poland whom he 
 loved \ he married her in the Sarmatian manner, and dying 
 left her with child : Renard had been mortally wounded in 
 an engagement against the Russians, before the battle of 
 Lutzen. Before he died he confessed his treason to Genestas, 
 and implored him to marry the Jewess and to adopt the child 
 she would have by himself — this the simple-hearted officer 
 did. Renard was a Parisian, the son of a wholesale grocer, 
 **a toothless old shark," who would have nothing to say to 
 the sergeant-major's young shoot [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Renard, Madame. See Genestas, Madame. 
 
 Renard, Adrien. See Genestas, Adrien. 
 
 Rene, M. du Bousquier's only servant, at Alen^on, 1816; 
 a kind of Breton simpleton, a remarkable guzzler, but of 
 absolute discretion [The Old Maid, aa\. 
 
 Restaud, Comte de, whose sad life Barchou de Penhoen, 
 a school-fellow of Dufaure's and Lambert's, was the first to 
 make known. Born about 1780; the husband of Anastasie 
 Goriot, who ruined and dishonored him ; he died December, 
 1824, on the Rue du Helder, Paris, as he was trying to pre- 
 serve his eldest son's interest, who was the only one of Mme. 
 de Restaud's three children whom he would acknowledge as 
 his own. In the end he made a pretense of exaggerated ex- 
 penditure and constituted himself the fictitious debtor of 
 Gobseck, who assured him by a counter-deed that the property 
 should become his son's. M. de Restaud resembled the Due 
 de Richelieu and had the aristocratic figure of the statesmen 
 of high degree [Gobseck, g — Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Restaud, Comtesse Anastasie de, wife of the foregoing, 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 449 
 
 the eldest daughter of J. J. Goriot ; a handsome brunette, 
 very attractive, and with the manner of the nobility. Her 
 sister — the gentle and light-complexioned Mme. de Nucingen 
 — pointed her out as remorseless and ungrateful to the ten- 
 derest and most feeble of fathers. She had three children — 
 two boys and one girl — of whom one only, Ernest the eldest, 
 was really by her husband. For her lover, Maxime de 
 Trailles, she ruined him ; and for her lover's sake sold her 
 jewels to Gobseck and seriously compromised her own future. 
 Shortly after her husband's last supper, which she impatiently 
 watched, she stole under his ears and burned the papers 
 which she thought were against the interest of her last chil- 
 dren. She had not taken Gobseck, the fictitious creditor, 
 into account, but found that all the property remained in him 
 [Gobseck, gr— Father Goriot, 6r]. Mme. de Restaud died 
 at the end of the year 1843.* 
 
 Restaud, Ernest de, the eldest son of the foregoing; 
 really the husband's only child, the other two children hav- 
 ing Maxime de Trailles as their natural father. While still a 
 child he received from his dying father a sealed packet con- 
 taining his father's will, which he was directed to deliver to 
 Derville the attorney ; but Mme. de Restaud, by using her 
 maternal power, made Ernest break the promise given to his 
 father. At his majority Ernest was put in possession of the 
 late M. de Restaud's fortune by Gobseck, the fictitious cred- 
 itor of the defunct. He married Camille de Grandlieu, whom 
 he loved and by whom he was beloved. By this marriage 
 Ernest de Restaud found himself in the Legitimist party, the 
 while his brother Felix found a position under a minister, in 
 Louis-Phillipe's reign, taking the other political way [Gob- 
 seck, g — The Deputy for Arcis, I>iy\. 
 
 Restaud, Madame Ernest de, nee Camille de Grand- 
 lieu, in 1813; daughter of Vicomtesse de Grandlieu; while 
 still young she loved Ernest de Restaud, and when he attained 
 
 * Her biography is thus filled out by Rabou. — Translator. 
 29 
 
450 COMPENDIUM 
 
 his majority she married him in the early part of Louis-Phil- 
 ippe's reign [Gobseck, g — The Deputy for Arcis, _DJ>]. 
 
 Restaud, Felix-Georges de, one of the two youngest 
 children of the Comte and Comtesse de Restaud ; was prob- 
 ably Maxime de Trailles' natural son. In 1839 ^^ was chief 
 of an office under his cousin, Eugene de Rastignac, the min- 
 ister of public works [Gobseck, g — The Deputy for Ar- 
 cis, Djy\. 
 
 Restaud, Pauline de, the legal daughter of Comte and 
 Comtesse de Restaud, but without doubt Maxime de Trailles' 
 natural daughter. This is the only detail of her life that we 
 possess [Gobseck, gr], 
 
 Reybert, De, a captain in the 7th regiment of artillery, 
 under the Empire ; born in Messina. Under the Restoration 
 he retired to Presles, Seine-et-Oise, with his wife and daugh- 
 ter; he had a pension of only six hundred francs. The 
 neighbor of Moreau, Comte de Serizy's steward, he heard 
 complaints of his doings ; the count was apprised of the 
 steward's wrongdoing by Mme. de Reybert, and her husband 
 was chosen to succeed Moreau. Reybert married his daugh- 
 ter, without dowry, to Leger, the wealthy farmer [A Start in 
 Life, s\ 
 
 Reybert, Madame de, nee Corroy, wife of the foregoing ; 
 like him, she was of noble origin, and from the same place. 
 She had a large face pitted with smallpox, was of a tall, thin 
 figure, had clear, ardent eyes, and held herself as ** straight 
 as a picket fence." She was an austere Puritan and subscribed 
 to the " Courrier Frangais." During a visit of Comte de 
 Serizy to Presles she called upon him and told of Moreau's 
 actions; she obtained the stewardship of Presles for her 
 husband [A Start in Life, 8\. 
 
 Rhetore, Due Alphonse de, eldest son of the Due and 
 Duchesse de Chaulieu ; he entered the diplomatic service and 
 was an ambassador. For a number of years, under the Res- 
 toration, he kept Claudine Chaffaroux, called TuUia, the pre- 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 451 
 
 miere danseuse at the opera, who married du Bruel in 1824. 
 He knew in his world, which was the world of gallantry, 
 Lucien de Rubempre. One evening he received him in his 
 box, at a first performance at the Ambigu, in 182 1, and re- 
 proached him with having caused the despair of Chatelet and 
 Mme. de Bargeton by his railleries in a newspaper ; at the 
 same time, while the young man was still called Chardon, he 
 advised him to turn Royalist in order that he might be able 
 to get from Louis XVIII. the title and name of Rubempre, 
 his maternal ancestors. The Due de Rhetore did not really 
 like Lucien de Rubempre. At a performance at the Italiens, 
 shortly afterward, he slandered him before Mme. de Serizy, 
 who was seriously smitten by the poet [A Bachelor's Estab- 
 lishment, e7— A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, iMT— Letters 
 of Two Brides, t?]. In 1835 he married the Duchesse d'Ar- 
 gaiolo, nee Princesse Soderini, of great beauty and immense 
 fortune [Albert Savaron, f^ He fought a duel with Dor- 
 lange-Sallenauve in 1839, having provoked the latter thereto 
 by speaking, in a loud voice, in a disrespectful manner of 
 Marie Gaston, the second husband of his own sister, Louise 
 de Chaulieu. The scene which led to the encounter took 
 place at the opera, in the presence of M. de Ronquerolles, 
 who acted, with General Montriveau, as his second. Dor- 
 lange was wounded [The Deputy for Arcis, DJ)]. And also 
 from Rabou's biography. 
 
 Rhetore, Duchesse de, nee Francesca Soderini, in 
 1802; a very handsome and wealthy- Florentine, who was 
 married while quite young to the Due d'Arga'iolo, who was, 
 like herself, very wealthy, but much older. In Switzerland 
 or Italy she was met by Albert Savarus, when, for political 
 reasons, she and her husband were proscribed and lived in 
 retirement on their estates. The Duchesse d'Arga'iolo and 
 Albert Savarus loved each other platonically, and Francesca 
 promised her hand to the Frenchman, when she should 
 become a widow. In 1835, having lost her husband for some 
 
452 COMPENDIUM 
 
 time, and by the machinations of Rosalie de Watteville, who 
 made her think she was forgotten by and treated treacherously 
 by Savarus, and of whom she had received no news, she gave 
 her hand to the Due de Rh^tore, an old ambassador; the 
 marriage took place with great eclat in Florence, in the 
 month of May. The Duchesse d'ArgaVolo is designated by 
 the name of the Princesse Gandolphini in "I'Ambitieux par 
 amour," a novel published in " la Revue del'Est,'* in 1834. 
 Under Louis-Philippe, the Duchesse de Rhetore crossed the 
 path of Mile, de Watteville at a charity festival. She met 
 her the second time at an opera-ball, when Mile, de Watte- 
 ville was unmasked of her black deed and Savarus shown to 
 be innocent [Albert Savaron, f~\. 
 
 Richard, a widow of Nemours, from whom Ursule Mi- 
 rouet, afterward Vicomtesse de Portenduere, bought a house 
 in which to live, after the death of her guardian, Dr. Minoret 
 [Ursule Mirouet, JJ"]. 
 
 Ridal, FuLGENCE, a dramatic author; member of the 
 C^nacle which met at d'Arthez's house. Rue des Quatre- 
 Vents, under the Restoration ; he rallied at Leon Giraud's 
 doctrines ; he was a masked Rabelaisian, and of a careless 
 nature, slothful and skeptical, at once melancholy and gay, 
 and nicknamed by his friends ''the dog of the regiment." 
 Fulgence Ridal, together with Joseph Bridau and the other 
 members of the Cenacle, attended a soiree given by Mme. 
 Bridau, in 18 19, to celebrate the return of her son Philippe 
 from Texas [A Bachelor's Establishment, eT — A Distinguished 
 Provincial at Paris, ilH"]. In 1845 ^e was an old vaudevilliste 
 very much favored by the ministry ; he had the management 
 of a theatre with Lousteau as a partner [The Unconscious 
 Mummers, tf]. 
 
 Riffe, a copying-clerk in the Bureau of Finance, in 1824 
 [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Rifoel. See Vissard, Chevalier du. 
 
 Riganson, called le BifTon, called also the Canon. With 
 
COM&DIE BUMA/NE. 453 
 
 his mistress, la Biffe, he formed one of the most redoubtable 
 households in the " bunco steerers' " profession. As a convict, 
 he knew Jacques Collin, called Vautrin ; he was in the Con- 
 ciergerie, and knew him when, in May, 1830, the judge of in- 
 struction had sent him to that place after the death of Esther van 
 Gobseck. Riganson was of low stature, squat and fat, with a 
 livid skin and sunken black eyes [Vautrin's Last Avatar, z^. 
 
 Rigou, Gregoire, born in 1756; at one time a Benedic- 
 tine monk. Under the Republic he married Arsene Pichard, 
 the sole heiress of the rich Cure Niseron ; he was a usurer, 
 and became mayor of Blangy ; he remained in that position 
 until 182 1, when he was replaced by Comte de Montcornet. 
 When the general came into that country, Rigou tried to 
 conciliate him ; but having been at once treated with scorn, 
 he became one of the most dangerous enemies of Montcornet, 
 and, with Gaubertin, the mayor of Ville-aux-Fayes, and Soudry, 
 the mayor of Soulanges, formed a triumvirate which sustained 
 the peasantry in their warfare against the owner of the Aigues, 
 with the aid and complicity, more or less direct, of the local 
 middle-classes ; all being done that should oblige the general to 
 sell his estate, and which was finally brought about by the 
 three associates. Rigou was egotistic, voluptuous, and avari- 
 cious : he looked " like a condor." By a clever pun he was 
 often called Grigou* (G. Rigou). " As deep as a monk, as silent 
 as a Benedictine, and as cunning as a priest, this man would have 
 been a Tiberius in Rome, a Richelieu under Louis XIIL, and 
 a Fouche under the Convention " [The Peasantry, 2^]. 
 
 Rigou, Madame, nee Arsene Pichard, wife of the fore- 
 going, niece of a demoiselle Pichard, who was the Cure 
 Niseron's housekeeper-mistress, under the Revolution ; she 
 succeeded her in that position and became the heiress of the 
 rich priest whom she had served together with her aunt. In 
 her youth she was know^ as "the handsome Arsene"; 
 although she could neither read nor write, she managed ex- 
 * A sordid miser. 
 
454 COMPENDIUM 
 
 cellently for the cure ; married to Rigou, she became the slave 
 of the old Benedictine ; she lost her Rubens freshness, her 
 magical figure, her splendid teeth and bright eyes in her only 
 confinement, when she gave birth to a daughter, who afterward 
 married Soudry's son. Mme. Rigou passively looked on at 
 the constant infidelities of her husband, who for that very cause 
 always kept handsome servants [The Peasantry, JK]. 
 
 Rivaudoult d'Arschoot, of the Dulmen branch ; an 
 illustrious family of Gallicia or the Red Russias, of whom the 
 Montriveaus were the inheritors by their great-grandmother of 
 their titles and to which they succeeded for the lack of 
 direct heirs [The Duchesse de Langeais, &&]. 
 
 Rivet, AcHiLLE, lace-maker and embroiderer, Rue des 
 Mauvaises-Paroles,* Paris, in the old hotel de Langeais, built 
 by that illustrious family at the time when the great lords of 
 the kingdom were gathered around the Louvre. In 1815 he 
 succeeded the Pons Brothers, embroiderers to the Court, and 
 was a judge in the tribune of commerce. He employed 
 Lisbeth Fischer, who was one of his embroiderers, and he 
 rendered some service to that old maid. Achille Rivet wor- 
 shiped Louis-Philippe; for him the King was *' the august 
 representative of the class on which his dynasty was founded." 
 He had little love for the Poles, who *' troubled the European 
 equilibrium." He voluntarily served Cousin Betty in the 
 vengeance her jealousy had inspired against Wenceslas Stein- 
 bock [Cousin Betty, w — Cousin Pons, x\. 
 
 Robert, a restaurateur at Paris, near Frascati's; this was 
 the place chosen at the beginning of 1822 in which to hold 
 the baptism of a Royalist newspaper, " le Reveil " ; it was a 
 triumphal repast, and lasted for nine hours. Theodore Gail- 
 lard and Hector Merlin founded the sheet, Nathan and 
 Lucien de Rubempre assisted at the feast, together with 
 
 * This way, which was an extension of the Rue de Rivoli, has dis- 
 appeared ; it used to run from the Rue de Lavandidres-Sainte-Opportune 
 to the Rue des Bourdoannis. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 455 
 
 Martainville, Auger, Destains, and a crowd of authors who 
 "at that time were fascinated with the monarchy and religion." 
 One of the writers, the most celebrated in romantic litera- 
 ture, said: "We have had a fine monarchical and religious 
 jollification." That comment appeared in the next day's 
 "Miroir"; Lucien was supposed to be the traitor who 
 blabbed, when, in fact, it was given out by the good ofiices of a 
 bookseller, who was an invited guest [A Distinguished Pro- 
 vincial at Paris, iMT]. 
 
 Rochefide, Marquis Arthur de, of the nobility of re- 
 cent date ; was married by his father's directions to Beatrix 
 de Casteran, in 1828; she belonged to the ancient nobility; 
 his father hoped to see him gain the peerage, which he himself 
 had been unable to- attain. The Comtesse de Montcornet was 
 the intermediary in arranging the marraige. Arthur de 
 Rochefide had served in the Royal Guards; he was a fine man, 
 and of real worth ; he passed much of his time at the toilet ; 
 he was persuaded to wear a corset; he was unpleasing in per- 
 son, and beside this he adopted the ideas and foolishness of 
 the rest of the world ; his specialty was racing, and he 
 "backed" a horse journal. A deserted husband, he com- 
 plained without becoming ridiculous, and passed as "a right 
 good fellow." He became very rich by his father's death 
 and by that of his eldest sister, who was married to the Mar- 
 quis d'Ajuda-Pinto ; he inherited a splendid mansion. Rue 
 d'Anjou-Saint-Honore, in which he seldom slept ot ate, very 
 happy at not being in subjection ; so he was satisfied at being 
 deserted by his wife, of whom he said amongst his friends : 
 "I am not hooded." For a long time Arthur de Roche- 
 fide kept Mme. Schontz, with whom he finally lived in full 
 marital relationship, and who cared for him as if " he had 
 been her own child " ; and also for her lover's legitimate son. 
 After 1840 she married du Ronceret, in order that de 
 Rochefide should go back to his wife. He gave her a special 
 disease that Mme. Schontz, in despair at being deserted by 
 
456 COMPENDIUM 
 
 him, had communicated first to her lover, then he to his wife, 
 and she also to Baron Calyste du Guenic [Beatrix, _P]. In 
 1838 Rochefide assisted at the inauguration festival given by 
 Josepha in her mansion on the Rue de la Ville-rEv6que 
 [Cousin Betty, w\, 
 
 Rochefide, Marquise de, wife of the foregoing; the 
 youngest daughter of the Marquise de Casteran, nee Beatrix- 
 Maximilienne-Rose DE Casteran, about 1808, at the chateau 
 de Casteran, department of the Orne; she was brought up 
 there, and married the Marquis Arthur de Rochefide in 1828. 
 She was a blonde, thin, a vain coquette, a woman without 
 either heart or head; she was a Mme. d'Espard, but less intel- 
 ligent. About 1832 she deserted her husband and took her 
 flight to Italy with the musician Gennaro Conti, whom she had 
 allured from her friend. Mile, des Touches; after this she in 
 turn left him to be courted by Calyste du Guenic; she met 
 him at her friend's house at Guerande; she at first resisted 
 the young man, then gave herself to him when he was married. 
 This liaison was the despair of Mme. du Guenic ; it ceased 
 after 1840, following the wily schemes put on foot by Abbe 
 Brossette, and Mme. de Rochefide rejoined her husband in 
 the superb mansion on the Rue d'Anjou-Saint-Honore; but 
 she probably retired with him to Nogent-sur-Marne to get her 
 health restored, which had been compromised by the reprisals 
 taken against her by la Palfi^rine, and whose disease she also 
 communicated to her husband and Calyste du Guenic. After 
 this reconciliation she lived in Paris, Rue de Chartres-du- 
 Roule, near Monceau park. By her husband the Marquise de 
 Rochefide had a son, who for a long time she abandoned to 
 the care of Mme. Schontz [Beatrix, J*— The Secrets of the 
 Princess of Cadignan, ^. In 1834, before Mme. Felix de 
 Vandenesse, who was smitten by Nathan the poet, Marquise 
 Charles de Vaudenesse, her sister-in-law. Lady Dudley, Mile, 
 des Touches, Marquise d'Espard, Mme. MoVna de Saint- 
 Hereen, and Mme. de Rochefide gave their experience of love 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 457 
 
 and marriage: "'Love is paradise/ said Lady Dudley. *It 
 is hell,' cried Mile, des Touches. 'Yes, but a hell with love 
 in it,' replied Mme. de Rochefide. 'There may be more 
 satisfaction in suffering than in an easy life. Look at the 
 martyrs!'" [A Daughter of Eve, F]. Sarrasine's history 
 was told her about 1830. The Marquise de Rochefide knew 
 the Lantys, at whose house she met the fantastical Zambinella 
 [Sarrasine, ds, IL]. About the middle of the year 1836 or 
 1837, in her mansion on the Rue de Chartres, Mme. de Roche- 
 fide heard the story of the "Prince of Bohemia," as recited 
 by Nathan ; after it was over she was made a fool of by la 
 Palferine [A Prince of Bohemia, 'FF\ 
 
 Rochegude, Marquis de, aged in 1821; he had an in- 
 come of six hundred thousand francs, and at that time off"ered 
 a coupe to Coralie, who had the pride to refuse it, as "she 
 wanted an artist and not a girl" [A Distinguished Provincial 
 at Paris, M.\ This Rochegude should have been a Roche- 
 fide; there was probably an alteration in the civic status which 
 established a confusion in the names and families, which was 
 afterward straightened out. 
 
 Rodolphe, the natural son of a refined and charming 
 Parisian woman and a gentleman of Barban^on who died 
 before being assured of his existence by her whom he loved. 
 Rodolphe was a fictitious character and a hero in "I'Ambitieux 
 par amour," a novel written and published by Albert Savarus in 
 •Ma Revue de I'Est," 1834, and in which, under this name, he 
 is supposed to narrate his own adventures [Albert Savaron,/*]. 
 
 Roger, a general, deputy, and private director to the 
 ministry of war in 1841 ; a comrade of Baron's Hulot's for 
 more than twenty years. At this time he declared that his 
 administrative position was gravely compromised by his 
 asking advancement for the second-clerk Marneffe, whose 
 advancement was quite unmerited, though rendered pos- 
 sible by the dismissal of Coquet, chief of the bureau [Cousin 
 Betty, w\ 
 
458 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Rogron, an innkeeper at Provins in the second half of the 
 eighteenth century and at the commencement of the nine- 
 teenth. He was once a carter; he married the daughter of 
 M. Auffray's first marriage — he was a grocer at Provins ; on 
 the death of his father-in-law he bought the house and business 
 from his widow for, as the saying is, "a crumb of bread" ; he 
 and his wife lived in the house until he retired from business. 
 He then had an income of two thousand francs, as shown by 
 renting out twenty-seven pieces of land and the interest on 
 the amount he received by the sale of the inn, which was 
 twenty thousand francs. A drunken egoist, he became miserly 
 in his old age; he ended indeed like an old Swiss innkeeper; 
 he carelessly raised, without any affection, the two children 
 his wife gave him — Sylvie and Jerome-Denis. He died in 
 1822, a widower [Pierrette, -i]. 
 
 Rogron, Madame, wife of the foregoing; daughter of M. 
 Auffray, a grocer in Provins, by his first marriage; the sister 
 of the father of Mme. Lorrain, the mother of Pierrette; born 
 in 1743; ugly enough; married when sixteen years old; she 
 died before her husband [Pierrette, i\ 
 
 Rogron, Sylvie, eldest daughter of the foregoing; born 
 between 1780 and 1785, at Provins; brought up in the country, 
 and sent to Paris when thirteen years old, where she was 
 made an apprentice in a trading-house on the Rue Saint-Denis. 
 When twenty years old she was second assistant at the Jul- 
 liard's ''Ver Chinois," a silk mercery; about the end of 
 1815, with her own and brother's savings, she bought and 
 founded the ^' Soeur de Famille," one of a number of similar 
 retail haberdashery stores, which was kept by Mme. Guenee. 
 Sylvie and Jerome-Denis, who were partners in the business, 
 retired to Provins in 1823 ; there they resided in the house of 
 their father, who had been deceased for some months ; they 
 received their cousin, the young Pierrette Lorrain, orphaned 
 of both father and mother, who was of a sensitive nature, but 
 was treated with baseness by them. Pierrette died after a 
 
COMiDIE HUMAINE. 459 
 
 brutal action on the part of Sylvie, a jealous old maid, sought 
 for on account of her dowry by Colonel Gouraud ; she thought 
 she had been dealt treacherously with by Pierrette [Pierrette, i]. 
 Rogron, Jerome-Denis, two years younger than his sister; 
 like her, he was sent to Paris by his father and entered the 
 house of the Guepins, haberdashers, etc., Rue Saint-Denis, 
 at the sign of the " Trois Quenouilles " ; after eighteen years' 
 service he was head clerk. Afterward he became Sylvie's 
 partner and founded the '* Soeur de Famille " ; with her he 
 retired to Provins in 1823. Jerome-Denis Rogron was a mean 
 man of limited intelligence, and was entirely controlled by 
 his sister, who had "good sense and a genius for selling." 
 He allowed her to persecute Pierrette Lorrain, but, called 
 before the court at Provins as being responsible for the death 
 of that young girl, he was acquitted. Rogron, at the insti- 
 gation of Vinet, a barrister, became one of those who 
 opposed the government of Charles X. After 1830 he was 
 appointed receiver-general ; the old Liberal, who came of the 
 people, said then that ''Louis-Philippe was not a real king if 
 he was made by the nobles." In 1828, although ugly and 
 unintelligent, he married the handsome Bathilde de Charge- 
 boeuf, who inspired in him an old man's senseless love [Pier- 
 rette, i\ 
 
 Rogron, Madame Denis, nee Bathilde de Chargebceuf, 
 about 1803; one of the handsomest young women inTroyes; 
 she was poor, noble, and ambitious, and her relation, Vinet, 
 the barrister, made her "a little Catherine de Medicis " ; 
 through him she married Denis Rogron. Some years after 
 her marriage she hoped to become a widow, then after a brief 
 space of time she would have married the Marquis de Mon- 
 triveau, a peer of France, who had become the commander 
 of the department in which Rogron was a collector [Pier- 
 rette, ^]. 
 
 Roguin, born in 1761; for twenty-five years he was a 
 notary in Paris ; he was a tall, stout man, with black hair, an 
 
460 COMPENDIUM 
 
 open countenance, and had the catarrh. This infirmity was 
 his downfall : he married the only daughter of Chevrel the 
 banker, and was scorned by his wife, who looked upon him 
 with disgust, and fell ; on his side he had mistresses whom 
 he bought ; he kept another household in the city and was 
 ruined by Sarah van Gobseck, called the Handsome Dutch- 
 woman, Esther's mother, of whom he made the acquaint- 
 ance about 1815. In 1818-19, Roguin, seriously com- 
 promised by unlucky speculations and his dissipations, dis- 
 appeared from Paris and ruined Guillaume Grandet, Cesar 
 Birotteau, and Mesdames Descoings and Bridau [Cesar Bi- 
 rotteau, O — Eugenie Grandet, JE7— A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, J\ Roguin had one legitimate daughter by his wife ; 
 she was married to the president of the court at Provins ; this 
 was she who was called in that town '*the handsome Madame 
 Tiphaine " [Pierrette, %\. In 1816 he paid his respects to the 
 father and mother of Ginevra di Piombo, when he served 
 them with a summons on behalf of that young woman, who 
 married Luigi Porta, the enemy of her family [The Ven- 
 detta, /]. a-^ si-r /r.f i, (A '• f -^ Mi '^'-r^ (U-^o- K^'. C . tJ\M- i<.h.i:' 
 Roguin, Madame, nie Chevrel, between 1770 and 1780; 
 the only daughter of Chevrel the banker; wife of the foregoing, 
 cousin of Mme. Guillaume of the *'Cat and Racket"; fifteen 
 years younger than her cousin. She favored Augustine's love 
 for the painter Sommervieux; she was a pretty coquette; for 
 a long time she was the banker Tillet's mistress. December 
 17, 1818, with her husband, she was a guest at the famous 
 ball given by Cesar Birotteau. At Nogent-sur-Marne she 
 owned a country house in which she lived with her lover after 
 Roguin's flight [Cesar Birotteau, O — At the Sign of the Cat 
 and Racket, t — Pierrette, ^]. In 1815 Caroline Crochard, 
 then an embroiderer, did some work for Mme. Roguin, who 
 made her wait for her money [A Second Home, ^^ In 1834 
 -35 Mme. Rougin, then more than fifty years old, still re- 
 tained her pretensions and dominated du Tillet, who was 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 461 
 
 married to the charming Marie-Eugenie de Granville [A 
 Daughter of Eve, F]. 
 
 Roguin, Mathilde-Melanie. See Tiphaine, Madame. 
 
 Romette, La. See Paccard, Jeromette. 
 
 Ronceret, Du, president of the court at Alen^on under 
 the Restoration; he was a tall, thin, weak man, with a faded 
 face, gray and chestnut hair, vari-colored eyes, and tight lips. 
 Not receiving a cordial welcome from the nobility he turned 
 to the middle-classes; in the suit against Victurnien d'Esgrig- 
 non, accused of forgery, he took part against that young man ; 
 he would like to have acted in the preliminary trial, but a 
 judgment of acquittal was rendered in his absence. M. du 
 Ronceret schemed like a Machiavel in trying to obtain the 
 hand of a rich heiress of the town. Mile. Blandureau, for his 
 son Fabien ; she was also sought by Judge Blondet for his son 
 Joseph; in the struggle the, judge beat out his chief [The 
 Jealousies of a Country Town, AA\ M. du Ronceret died 
 in 1837, the president of the Royal Court at Caen. The du 
 Roncerets were ennobled under Louis XV., having a coat-of- 
 arms bearing the word Servir for a motto and a squire's 
 helmet [Beatrix, JP]. 
 
 Ronceret, Madame du, wife of the foregoing; a tall 
 creature, solemn and ill-formed, who dressed out in the most 
 absurd styles, in the liveliest colors; she never went to a ball 
 without ornamenting her head with the turban, then so dear 
 to Englishwomen. Mme. du Ronceret received each Sunday, 
 and every three months gave a great dinner of three courses, 
 which was *' drummed up" in Alengon; at what time the pres- 
 ident would try to struggle, with much avarice, against M. 
 du Bousquier's elegance. In Victurnien d'Esgrignon's case, 
 Mme. du Ronceret, incited thereto by her husband, enlisted 
 the substitute-judge Sauvages against the young noble [The 
 Jealousies of a Country Town, A-A^ 
 
 Ronceret or Duronceret, Fabien-Felicien du, son of 
 the foregoing; born about 1802; raised at Alengon ; in that 
 
462 COMPENDIUM 
 
 town he was Victurnien d'Esgrignon's companion, whom he 
 encouraged in his evil dispositions at M. du Bousquier's in- 
 stigation [The Collection of Antiquities, acC\. At one time 
 a judge at Alen^on, he was dismissed after the death of his father 
 and went to Paris in 1838, where he noisily pushed himself 
 forward. He began in Bohemia, where he was known by the 
 name of '' the heir," on account of some of his premeditated 
 prodigalities. After making the acquaintance of the journalist 
 Couture, he was introduced to Mme. Schontz, a stylish lorette ; 
 he succeeded in leading a luxurious life, on the Rue Blanche, 
 and commenced to make his fortune as the vice-president of 
 a horticultural society : after the opening session, at which he 
 delivered a discourse written by Lousteau, for which he paid 
 him five hundred francs, and being particularly noticed by 
 reason of wearing a flower which had been given him by 
 Judge Blondet (and which he said he himself had grown), he 
 obtained the decoration. Soon after he married Mme. 
 Schontz, a courtesan who aspired to become a respectable 
 middle-class woman ; on her account Ronceret became presi- 
 dent of a court and an officer of the Legion of Honor 
 [Beatrix, JP], About 1844, while buying a shawl for Mme. 
 du Ronceret at M. Fritot's store, accompanied by Bixiou, he 
 assisted in the comedy of the sale of the " Selim " shawl to 
 Mrs. Noswell [Gaudissart II., ri\. 
 
 Ronceret, Madame Fabien du, nee Josephine Schiltz, 
 1805 ; wife of the foregoing ; the daughter of a colbnel of the 
 Empire ; orphaned of father and mother ; at nine years of age, 
 in 1814, she was placed in Saint-Denis by Napoleon, and 
 remained in that place of learning as assistant mistress until 
 1827; at that time Josephine Schiltz, who was the Empress' 
 goddaughter, started on the adventurous life of a courtesan, 
 following the example of some of her companions. She sub- 
 stituted on for // in her paternal name, and become Mme. 
 Schontz. We also know her under the pseudonym of the 
 *' little Aur^lie." Bright, sprightly, intelligent, and well- 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE, 463 
 
 informed, after having sacrificed to true love, after having 
 known " writers, who were poor, but dishonest," after having 
 tried a " few wealthy simpletons," she was met in her hour of 
 need, at Valentino-Musard,* by Arthur de Rochefide, for 
 whom she took a fancy \ his wife had left him for two years, 
 and so he contracted a "liberal union " with her. This false 
 household lasted until Josephine Schiltz was married by 
 Fabien du Ronceret. For revenge at being abandoned by 
 the Marquis de Rochefide she gave him a special disease 
 which she had contracted from Fabien du Ronceret, (?) and 
 which he in turn gave to his wife, and she to Calyste du 
 Guenic. During her life of gayety she had as rivals : 
 Suzanne de Val-Noble, Fanny Beaupre, Mariette, Antonia, 
 and Florine; she had relations with Nathan, Claud Vignon 
 (from whom she most likely derived her critical spirit), Bixiou, 
 Leon de Lora, Victor de Vernisset, La Palferine, Gobenheim, 
 and Vermantou, the cynical philosopher, etc. She even 
 hoped to be able to give her hand to some one of them. In 
 1836 she resided on the Rue Flechier and was Lousteau's 
 mistress, whom she tried to get married to Felicie Cardot, 
 the notary's daughter ; she afterward belonged to Stidmann. 
 In 1838 she assisted at the inauguration fete given by Josepha 
 in her mansion on the Rue de la Ville-l'Eveque ; she made 
 the acquaintance of Mme. de la Baudraye in 1840, at a " first 
 performance" at the Ambigu ; Mme. de la Baudraye was 
 then living in marital relationship with Etienne Lousteau. 
 Josephine Schiltz ended as *' Madame la Presidente du Ron- 
 ceret " [Beatrix, J*-^— Muse of the Department, CC — Cousin 
 Betty, w — The Unconscious Mummers, Vb\. 
 
 Ronquerolles, Marquis de, brother of Mme. de Serizy, 
 uncle of Comtesse Laginska ; one of The Thirteen, and one 
 of the cleverest diplomats in Louis-Philippe's government ', 
 after Talleyrand, the most cunning ambassador of them all. 
 
 * The Nouveau Cirque now occupies the site, on the Rue Saint-Honor6, 
 formerly filled by the Valentino. 
 
464 COMPENDIUM 
 
 He served de Marsay most admirably while a minister at the 
 Court, and was sent to Russia, 1838, on a secret mission. 
 He was without direct heirs, having lost his two children dur- 
 ing the cholera visitation of 1832. He had been a deputy of 
 the Left Centre, under the Restoration, for the department of 
 Bourgogne (Burgundy), where he owned a forest and castle 
 adjoining the Aigues, in Blangy commune. Soudry said in 
 reference to Gaubertin, the steward who was chastised by 
 Comte de Montcornet: *' Patience! we have Messrs. de 
 Soulanges and de Ronquerolles for us" [The Imaginary 
 Mistress, ft — The Peasantry, 22 — Ursule Mirouet, JBT]. M. 
 de Ronquerolles was the intimate friend of the Marquis 
 d'Aiglemont and thee'd and thou'd him [A Woman of 
 Thirty, H\ He was the only one to penetrate the secret of de 
 Marsay's first love ; and had the name of being " Charlotte's " 
 husband [Another Study of Woman, V\. In 1820, at a ball 
 given by the Duchesse de Berry, at the Elysee-Bourbon, 
 Ronquerolles provoked Auguste de Maulincour to a duel, in- 
 cited thereto by Ferragus (Bourignard), who had complained 
 of that man. Also, as one of The Thirteen, Ronquerolles, 
 with de Marsay, assisted Montriveau to carry off the Duchesse 
 de Langeais from a lonely Carmellite convent, in which she 
 had taken refuge [The Thirteen, jgj5]. He was M. de 
 Rh^tore's second in a duel, 1839, with the sculptor Dorlange- 
 Sallenauve, in reference to Marie Gaston [The Deputy for 
 ArciB, DD\ 
 
 Rx)salie, a stout, fresh-complexioned damsel ; Mme. de 
 Merret's chambermaid, at Vendome ; after the death of her 
 mistress she was Mme. Lepas' servant, an innkeeper in that 
 town ; she narrated to Horace Bianchon the drama of the 
 Great Bret^che and the unhappiness of the Merrets [Another 
 Study of Woman, ?— The Great Breteche, l\ 
 
 Rosalie, Mme. Moreau's chambermaid, at Presles, 1822 
 [A Start in Life, s]. 
 
 Rose, a chambermaid to Mile. Armande-Louise-Marie de 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 465 
 
 Chaulieu, 1823, at the time when that young lady left the 
 Carmellites at Blois to take up her abode in the paternal 
 mansion, Boulevard des Invalides, Paris [Letters of Two 
 Brides, v\ 
 
 Rosina, an Italian woman of Messina ; the wife of a Pied- 
 montese gentleman, a captain in the French army, under the 
 Empire ; the mistress of her husband's colonel ; she perished 
 with her lover near Beresina, 181 2 ; her husband became sud- 
 denly jealous, and set on fire the hut in which she was sleep- 
 ing with the colonel [Another Study of Woman, V\. 
 
 Roubaud, born about 1803; a doctor in the faculty of 
 Paris, a pupil of Desplein's, who practiced medicine at 
 Montegnac, under Louis-Philippe ; a little, light-complexioned 
 man, with a listless appearance, but whose gray eyes betrayed 
 the profundity of the physiologist and the tenacity of a 
 studious man. Roubaud was introduced to Mme. Graslin 
 by Cure Bonnet, who was in despair at his indifference to 
 religion. The young doctor attended, admired, and secretly 
 loved that celebrated woman of Limousin ; he subsequently 
 became a Catholic, after witnessing the saintly death of Mme. 
 Graslin. While she lay dying she charged him to become the 
 first physician in a hospital founded by her near Montegnac 
 [The Country Parson, J^]. 
 
 Rouget, Doctor, a physician at Issoudun, under Louis 
 XVL and the Republic; born in 1737; died in 1805; he 
 married the handsomest girl in the town and made her, 
 according to history, very unhappy. He had two children 
 by her : a son, Jean-Jacques, and, ten years later, a daughter, 
 Agathe, who became Mme. Bridau, whose birth caused trouble 
 between himself and his intimate friend, the substitute-judge 
 Lousteau, to whom the doctor attributed the birth of the child ; 
 he was most likely in fault in placing its paternity on Lousteau. 
 Both these men were also looked upon as being Maxence 
 Gilet's father, but he was really the son of an officer of 
 dragoons in garrison at Bourges. Dr. Rouget, who passed 
 30 
 
466 COMPENDIUM 
 
 for being a terribly vindictive man, was egotistic and mali- 
 cious. He cared very little for his daughter, whom he exe- 
 crated. After the death of his wife and his father- and 
 mother-in-law he became wealthy, and led a life of debauch- 
 ery, but a seeming regular one and exempt from scandal. In 
 1799, smitten by the beauty of the little " Rabouilleuse," 
 Flore Brazier, he took her to his house, where she remained 
 and became his mistress; afterward she became the same to 
 his son Jean-Jacques, ending as Mme. Philippe ^feridau, Com- 
 tesse de Brambourg [A Bachelor's Establishment, e7]. 
 
 Rouget, Madame, nee Descoings, wife of the foregoing, 
 daughter of the wealthiest and most miserly of the linen com- 
 mission merchants at Issoudun ; the eldest sister of the grocer 
 Descoings, who married Bixiou's widow, and died on the 
 scaffold with Andre Chenier, July 25, 1794. In spite of her 
 beauty, so famous in her youth, when she was rharried she was 
 undoubtedly ill-treated by Dr. Rouget, who indeed accused 
 her of, and believed it to be true, sinning in allowing the 
 intimacy of Lousteau. Mme. Rouget, deprived of the daugh- 
 ter whom she loved, and receiving but little affection from her 
 son, rapidly failed, dying at the commencement of the year 
 1799, leaving her husband without regret; he had just 
 "banked" on her premature death [A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, ftT]. 
 
 Rouget, Jean- Jacques, born at Issoudun in 1768; the son 
 of the foregoing; brother of Mme. Bridau and ten years her 
 senior ; he had but little intelligence ; he was foolishly smitten 
 by Flore Brazier, whom he had known as a child in his 
 father's house ; he made that young woman his servant-mistress 
 on the death of the doctor, and suffered when she installed 
 her lover, Maxence Gilet, in his house ; he ended by marrying 
 her in 1823, at the instigation of his nephew, Philippe Bridau, 
 who afterward took him to Paris, where he skillfully led up 
 to the speedy death of the old man by launching him into 
 debauchery [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ After J. J. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 467 
 
 Rouget*!5 decease the La Baudrayes, of Sancerre, bought a 
 part of his furniture and took it from Issoudun to Anzy, their 
 castle, which once belonged to the Cadignans [Muse of the 
 Department, CC\ 
 
 Rouget, Madame Jean-Jacques. See Bridau, Madame 
 Philippe. 
 
 Rousse, La, the significant nickname given Mme. Prelard. 
 See the last name. 
 
 Rousseau conducted a public conveyance, which was used 
 to transport the taxes to Caen ; it was attacked and pillaged 
 by the '* Brigands," in May, 1809, in the Chesnay woods, 
 some distance from Mortagne, Orne. Rousseau was thought 
 to be one of the accomplices of his assailants \ he was impli- 
 cated in the trial that followed that affair, but was acquitted 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Roustan, Mameluk, in Napoleon Bonaparte's service. 
 He accompanied his master on the eve of the battle of Jena, 
 which was so disastrous to the Germans, October 13, 1806, 
 when Laurence de Cinq-Cygne and M. de Chargeboeuf saw 
 him hold the Emperor's horse while he dismounted, at the 
 time when they had gone thither from France expressly to 
 implore Napoleon's pardon for the Simeuses and Hauteserres, 
 who had been convicted as accomplices in the abduction of 
 Senator Malin [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Rouville, De. See Leseigneur, Madame. 
 
 Rouvre, Marquis du, Clementine Laginska's father; he 
 dissipated a considerable fortune, which he received when he 
 married a demoiselle de Ronquerolles. This fortune was 
 partly devoured by Florine, ''one of the most charming ac- 
 tresses in Paris" [The Imaginary Mistress, li\. M. du Rouvre 
 was the brother-in-law of Comte de Serizy, who, like himself, 
 had married a Ronquerolles. A marquis under the old order 
 of things, M. du Rouvre was created a count and made cham- 
 berlain by the Emperor [A Start in Life, s\. In 1829 M. du 
 Rouvre was ruined, and lived at Nemours ; near that town he 
 
468 COMPENDIUM 
 
 had a castle, which he sold to Minoret-Levrault on disastrous 
 terms [Ursule Mirouet, JEL\. 
 
 Rouvre, Chevalier du, youngest brother of the Marquis 
 du Rouvre; a fantastical character, an old bachelor, become 
 rich by trading in lands and houses, and who left his fortune 
 to his niece, Clementine Laginska [The Imaginary Mistress, li 
 — Ursule Mirouet, JEf]. 
 
 Rouzeau, a printer at AngoulSme, in the eighteenth cen- 
 tury ; the predecessor and former master of Jerome-Nicolas 
 S^chard [Lost Illusions, JV]. 
 
 Rubempre, Lucien Chardon de, born in 1800, at An- 
 gouldme; the son of an army surgeon, during the Republic, 
 who became a druggist in that town, and Mile, de Rubempre, 
 his legitimate wife, the descendant of a very noble family. 
 A journalist, poet, romancist, the author of ''Marguerites," a 
 collection of sonnets, and ''The Archer of Charles IX.," a 
 romantic history. He at one time shone in the drawing- 
 rooms of Mme. de Bargeton, nee Marie-Louise Anais de 
 Negrepelisse, who was smitten by him ; she drew him after 
 her to Paris, and there abandoned him at her cousin Mme. 
 d'Espard's instigation. He was intimate with the members 
 of the Cenacle, Rue des Quatre-Vents, and particularly so 
 with d'Arthez; on the other side he made Etienne Lousteau's 
 acquaintance, who revealed to him the ups and downs of a 
 literary life; he also introduced him to the bookseller-pub- 
 lisher Dauriat, and conducted him to a first performance at 
 the Panorama-Dramatique, where the poet saw the charming 
 Coralie. She was smitten with him at first sight, and he re- 
 mained her lover until the death of the actress in 1822. 
 Launched by Lousteau into Liberal journalism, Lucien went 
 over to the Royalist camp, making his debut in the " Reveil," 
 an Ultra organ, with the hope of obtaining from the King a 
 patent which would give him his mother's name. At the 
 same time he frequented aristocratic society and ruined his 
 mistress. He was wounded in a duel he fought with Michel 
 
COM^JDTE HUMAINE 469 
 
 Chrestien, which had been provoked by his having " slashed" 
 in the ^'Reveil" a very splendid book written by Daniel 
 d'Arthez. Coralie died, and he, without any means, left for 
 Angoul§me, on foot, with twenty francs that Berenice, the 
 cousin and servant of his mistress, had earned from chance 
 lovers she had picked up on the street. He nearly died of 
 fatigue and chagrin after he reached his native town ; he there 
 met Mme. de Bargeton, who had become the wife of Comte 
 Sixte du Chatelet, prefect of Charente and a councilor of 
 State. At first he was welcomed by an enthusiastic article in a 
 local paper and by a serenade given by some young students ; 
 but he suddenly left AngoulSme with thoughts of suicide, in 
 despair at having brought ruin upon his brother-in-law, David 
 Sechard. On his way he met Canon Carlos Herrera (Jacques 
 CoUin-Vautrin), who took him to Paris and charged himself 
 with his future. In 1824, at a matinee in the Porte-Saint- 
 Martin theatre, Rubempre saw and met Esther van Gobseck, 
 called la Torpille ; the poet and the prostitute were each 
 mutually smitten with a crazy passion for each other. Shortly 
 afterward they risked appearing at the last masked opera-bali 
 in the winter of 1824; they would have compromised their 
 security and happiness but for the intervention of Jacques 
 Collin (called Vautrin) ; but Lucien provoked malevolent 
 curiosity, and was only able to escape the crowd by the 
 promise of a supper at Lointier's.* Lucien's life of ambition 
 and pleasure — he aspired to become Grandlieu's son-in-law, 
 was welcomed by the Rabourdins, the protector of Savinien 
 de Portenduere, the lover of Mesdames de Maufrigneuse and 
 de Serizy, and beloved by Lydie Peyrade — terminated at the 
 Conciergerie, where he was detained as the assassin or an 
 accomplice in the death of Esther and of having stolen from 
 her, both crimes of which he was innocent ; he hung himself 
 in that prison. May 15, 1830 [A Distinguished Provincial at 
 
 * Lointier's restaurant, situated on the Rue Richelieu, was opposite 
 the Rue de la Bourse; it was all the style about 1846. 
 
470 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Paris, IML — Lost Illusions, If — Les Employes, CC — Ursule 
 Mirouet, JB. — The Harlot's Progress, Y^ Z\ Lucien de 
 Rubempre lived in Paris successively : at the hotel du Gaillard- 
 Bois, Rue de I'Echelle, a chamber in the Latin quarter, the 
 hotel and street de Cluny,* a lodging on the Rue Chariot, 
 another one on the Rue de la Lune (in company with Coralie), 
 a little suite of rooms. Rue Cassette (with Jacques Collin), 
 whom he followed thither, and some months in one or other 
 of the two residences on the Quai Malaquais and the Rue 
 Taitbout (the former dwellings of Beaudenord and Caroline 
 de Bellefeuille). He was buried in Pere-Lachaise under a mag- 
 nificent monument, where also rest the remains of Esther van 
 Gobseck and in which a place was reserved for Jacques Collin 
 [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ^, etc.]. There is a series of fine and 
 piquant articles, published under the title of ^' les Passants de 
 Paris," which tell of Lucien de Rubempre. 
 
 Ruffard, called Arrachelaine, a thief, and at the same time 
 an agent of Bibi-Lupin, the chief of the police of safety, 
 1830. The accomplice, with Godet, of Danneport, called la 
 Pouraille, who assassinated Crottat about this time [Vautrin's 
 Last Avatar, ;^]. 
 
 Ruffin, born in 1815, was Francis Graslin's tutor, during 
 a part of 1840. Ruffin had a vocation for teaching and pos- 
 sessed vast knowledge ; he had an excessively sensitive spirit, 
 ** which prevented his using the necessary severity to govern 
 a child " ; he was of an agreeable figure, patient and religious, 
 and was sent to Mme. Graslin, of his diocese, by Archbishop 
 Dutheil, and for nine months had the direction of the young 
 man who had been confided to his care [The Country Par- 
 son, jP]. 
 
 Rusticoli. See La Palferine, Charles-Edouard Rusticoli 
 de. 
 
 * This is now the " Grand hStel de Flandre et hdtel de Cluny," No. 8 
 Rue Victor-Cousin. 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE, 471 
 
 s 
 
 Sabatier, a police agent. Corentin regretted that he did 
 not have his assistance in his inquiries and search, which he 
 made with Peyrade, at Gondreville in 1803 [A Historical 
 Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Sabatier, Madame, born in 1809. She once sold slippers 
 in the galleries of the Palais de Justice, Paris ; the widow of a 
 husband who killed himself with excessive drinking ; she be- 
 came a sick-nurse ; she remarried ; her second husband was a 
 man whom she had attended and cured of a disease in the 
 urinary passages, "the lurinary guts," according to Mme. 
 Cibot, and had a *'fine child" by him. She resided on the 
 Rue Barre-du-Bec* Mme. Bordevin, her relative, a butcher, 
 was the child's godmother [Cousin Pons, Qc\. 
 
 Sagredo, a Venetian senator, born in 1730; very wealthy; 
 the husband of Bianca Vendramini ; he was strangled by 
 Facino Cane, who was surprised by him, while Cane was con- 
 versing of love with Bianca, though quite innocently [Facino 
 Cane, /c]. 
 
 Sagredo, Bianca, nee Vendramini, about 1742; wife of 
 the foregoing ; in her husband's eyes she appeared in fault in 
 1760, seeming to have illicit relations with Facino Cane; she 
 would not follow her platonic lover from Venice after the 
 death of her husband [Facino Cane, A?]. 
 
 Saillard, a very mediocre clerk in the Bureau of Finance, 
 during the reigns of Louis XVIII. and Charles X. He was 
 at one time a bookkeeper in the Treasury, where, so we be- 
 lieve, he succeeded Poiret senior; he was later appointed cen- 
 tral cashier, and held that position for a long time. Saillard 
 married Mile. Bidault, a furniture dealer, whose place was 
 
 * Part of the Rue du Temple, between the Rues la Verreiie and Saint- 
 Merry. 
 
472 COMPENDIUM 
 
 under the *' pillars" of the Paris markets; she was the niece 
 of a bill-discounter on the Rue Greneta. By her he had one 
 daughter, Elisabeth, who became Mme. Isidore Baudoyer; 
 he owned an old hotel in the Place Royal ; he lived there in 
 common with the Isidore Baudoyers ; during the July govern- 
 ment he was mayor of his arrondissement and received his old 
 comrades of the bureau, the Minards and Thuilliers [Les Em- 
 ployes, CC — The Middle Classes, ee\. Note: Saillard did 
 not immediately succeed Poiret senior as an employ^ in the 
 Bureau of Finance. 
 
 Saillard, Madame, nee Bidault, in 1767 ; wife of the fore- 
 going; niece of the bill-discounter nicknamed Gigonnet ; was 
 the eldest in the family of the Place Royal, and, more than 
 all, counseled her husband ; she raised her daughter Elisabeth 
 very strictly, she who later became Mme. Isidore Baudoyer 
 [Cesar Birotteau, O — Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Sain, with Augustin, held '*the sceptre of the miniature 
 painters under the Empire." In 1809, before the Wagram 
 campaign, he painted a miniature of Montcornet, then young 
 and beautiful ; this painting passed from the hands of the 
 future marshal's mistress into those of their daughter, Mme. 
 Crevel (the once Mme. Marneffe) [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Saint-Denis, De, one of the names assumed by the police- 
 spy Corentin [The Harlot's Progress, T^ Zi\ 
 
 Saint-Esteve, De, Jacques Collin's name, when he 
 became chief of the police of safety. 
 
 Saint-Esteve, Madame de; the name assumed in com- 
 mon by Mesdames Jacqueline Collin and Nourrisson. 
 
 Saint- Foudrille, De, an *' illustrious scientist," who 
 lived in Paris, and without a doubt in the Saint-Jacques 
 quarter; at least about 1840, the time when Thuillier desired 
 to make his acquaintance [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Saint-Foudrille, Madame de, wife of the foregoing; 
 about 1840 she received a visit from the Thuilliers, with 
 « much impressment " [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
COMkDIE HUMAINE, 473 
 
 Saint-Georges, Chevalier de, i 745-1801 ; of a tall, fine 
 figure ; the son of a farmer-general ; captain in the Due 
 d'Orleans' Guard ; he served with distinction under Dumouriez; 
 in 1794 he was arrested as a suspect, but was liberated after 
 Thermidor 9 ; he was brilliant in argument, as well as in 
 music and as a writer. Chevalier de Saint-Georges was sup- 
 plied with cloth from the ''Cat and Racket," Rue Saint- 
 Denis, but was a bad customer : M, Guillaume obtained a 
 judgment of the consuls against him [At the Sign of the Cat 
 and Racket, t\ Some time after he was popularized by a 
 comedy-vaudeville of Roger de Beauvoir's, which was given 
 at the Varietes, under Louis-Philippe; the title role was 
 interpreted by Lafont* the comedian. 
 
 Saint-Germain, De, one of the names assumed by the 
 police-spy Peyrade. 
 
 Saint-Hereen, Comte de, MoVnad'Aiglemont's husband. 
 He was heir of one of the most illustrious French families. 
 With his wife and mother-in-law he resided in a mansion 
 belonging to him, situated on the Rue Plumet,t near the 
 Boulevard des Invalides. About the month of December, 
 1843, h^ went alone from his mansion on a political mission ; 
 during what time his wife welcomed the frequent and com- 
 promising visits of young Alfred de Vandenesse, which was 
 the real cause of her mother's sudden death [A Woman of 
 Thirty, >S^]. 
 
 Saint-Hereen, Comtesse MoYna de, wife of the fore- 
 going; the sole survivor of the five children of M. and Mme. 
 d'Aiglemont, in the second half of Louis-Philippe's reign. 
 Blindly spoiled by her mother, she did not respond to that 
 affection, but treated her in return with coolness. By a cruel 
 response Moina was the cause of her mother's sudden death : 
 in fact, she dared to speak to her mother of her former intimacy 
 
 * Extolled at Mme. de la Baudraye's castle by Etienne Lousteau, 
 Horace Bianchon, etc., in 1836. 
 f Now the Rue Oudinot. 
 
474 COMPENDIUM 
 
 with Marquis Charles de Vandenesse, whose son Alfred she 
 had herself welcomed, owing to the complaisance and absence 
 of M. de Saint-Hereen [A Woman of Thirty, S\ In a con- 
 versation about love between the Marquise de Vandenesse, 
 Lady Dudley, Mile, des Touches, the Marquise de Rochefide, 
 and Mme. d'Espard, Moina said with a smile: "A lover is 
 the forbidden fruit, and that's enough for me ! " [A Daughter 
 of Eve, "F], Mme. Octave de Camps, speaking of Nais de 
 I'Estorade, made this remark : " This little girl is disquieting; 
 she puts me in mind of MoVna d'Aiglemont " [The Deputy 
 for Arcis, I>iy\. 
 
 Saint-Martin, Louis-Claude de, called ** the Unknown 
 Philosopher"; born January i8, 1743, at Amboise ; died 
 October 13, 1803 ; he was very often received at Clochegourde 
 by Mme. de Verneuil, Mme. de Mortsauf's aunt, who knew 
 him. From Clochegourde Saint-Martin supervised the pub- 
 lication of his last books printed by Letourmy at Tours [The 
 Lily of the Valley, X]. 
 
 Saint-Vier, Madame de. See Gentillet. 
 
 Sainte-Beuve, Charles- Augustin, born at Boulogne-sur- 
 Mer in 1805 ; died at Paris in 1869 — an academician, and in 
 the second Empire a senator. A celebrated French literati 
 who wickedly enough caricatured Raoul Nathan before 
 Beatrix de Rochefide, in the course of the recital of la 
 Palferine adventures [A Prince of Bohemia, FF\ 
 
 Sainte-Severe, Madame de, Gaston de Nueil's cousin ; 
 she resided at Bayeux, where she welcomed her young relation 
 in 1822; he was convalescent of an inflammatory illness 
 caused either by excessive studies or pleasures [A Forsaken 
 Woman, Ti]. 
 
 Saintot, Astolphe de, one of the frequenters of Mme. de 
 Bargeton's salons, at Angouldme ; president of the agricultural 
 society in that town ; "as ignorant as a carp," he passed for 
 being a scientist of the first water, and, although he knew 
 nothing, he allowed it to be thought that he was engaged, and 
 
COM^DIE HI/MAINE. 475 
 
 had been for a number of years, on a treatise on modern 
 culture. In society he was forever quoting Cicero, learning 
 the phrases by heart in the morning, and reciting them in 
 the evening. A tall, fat man with a high color, Saintot 
 nevertheless seemed dominated by his wife [Lost Illu- 
 sions, JV]. 
 
 Saintot, Madame de, wife of the foregoing ; her Christian 
 name was Elisa, but she was generally called Lili, a childish 
 abbreviation that was in striking contrast to her person — she 
 was lean, solemn, extremely religious, pleased with difficulty 
 and bickering [Lost Illusions, 3^]. 
 
 Sallenauve, Francois-Henri-Pantaleon Dumirail, Mar- 
 quis DE,* of Champagne. He was quite ruined, having lost 
 his all in gambling, when in his old age, through the offices 
 of Jacques Bricheteau, he consented to acknowledge Charles 
 Dorlange as his son f [The Deputy for Arcis, J>2>]. 
 
 Sallenauve, Comte de, the legal son of the foregoing, 
 born in 1809; Danton's grandson on the maternal side; a 
 schoolfellow of Marie Gaston, he remained his friend and 
 fought a duel on his behalf. For a long time he was of un- 
 known family, and lived under the name of Charles Dorlange 
 until nearly thirty years of age. "While a student in the 
 sculptor's art he received lessons of Thorwaldsen and com- 
 pleted his artistic lessons in Rome. In that city Dorlange 
 became acquainted with the Lantys ; he gave lessons to their 
 daughter Marianini, whom he loved ; he also met Luigia there, 
 and he received her when she became Benedetto's widow; he 
 took her as his housekeeper and respected her ; she accom- 
 panied him to and lived with him in Paris, residing at No. 42 
 
 * Much of this and the two succeeding biographies is gathered from M. 
 Rabou's works, written after Balzac's death. It is inserted to fill in the 
 lacking details. — Translator. 
 
 f Rabou makes Dorlange the natural child of Catherine- Antoinette 
 Goussard by Jacques Collin. He also gives the death of Sallenauve as 
 happening on a three-masted vessel, the Retribution, during a voyage he 
 was making in 1845. — Translator. 
 
476 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Rue de I'Ouest.* He once lived with Marie Gaston, not far 
 from the Rue d'Enfer.f Every quarter he received an income 
 large enough for his actual needs, and sent to him by Gorenflot 
 or Jacques Bricheteau. Following their instructions he ac- 
 cepted instructions from the Ursulines of Arcis for a piece 
 of sculpture ; he became a candidate for election as deputy 
 in that arrondissement in 1839. He received a cordial wel- 
 come and much assistance from Achille Pigoult. He was a fre- 
 quenter of the I'Estorades' salons. Sallenauve seemed to love 
 Renee de I'Estorade, or so that lady, who was the natural sis- 
 ter of Marianina de Lanty, appeared to think. Thanks to the 
 Marquis Fran^ois-Henri-Pantaleon de Sallenauve, who adopted 
 him, Dorlange became Comte de Sallenauve ; he was elected 
 deputy for Arcis, and showed himself brilliant both in manners 
 and politics ; he met Eugene de Rastignac, Maxime de Trailles, 
 and Martial de la Roche-Hugon. A contest arose as to the 
 validity of his election, but was decided favorably to him 
 [The Deputy for Arcis, I>jy, JEE]. 
 
 Sallenauve, Comtesse de, nee Jeanne-AthenaYs de l'Es- 
 TORADE (NaVs, the familiar abbreviation of her name, undoubt- 
 edly became Sallenauve's wife); she had been a precocious 
 child, somewhat spoiled by the Comte and Comtesse de 
 I'Estorade, her parents ; she loved Sallenauve when she first 
 met him [The Deputy for Arcis, X>J>, etc.]. 
 
 Salmon, an old expert in the Museum, Paris. In 1826, 
 while on a visit to Tours, where he had gone to see his 
 mother-in-law, he was asked to give an estimate of the value 
 of a "Virgin " by Valentin and a '' Christ " by Lebrun, two 
 paintings which Abbe Francois Birotteau inherited from Abbe 
 Chapeloud, and which he left in a suite of rooms recently 
 occupied by him in Mile. Sophie Gamard's house [The Abbe 
 Birotteau, t]. 
 
 Salomon, Joseph, of Tours or its neighborhood ; uncle 
 and guardian of Pauline Salomon de Villenoix ; a very wealthy 
 
 * Now the Rue d' Assas. f Really the Rue Denfert-Rochereau. 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 477 
 
 Israelite ; he deeply loved his niece, and wished her to make 
 a brilliant marriage. Louis Lambert, Pauline's fiance, said : 
 ''That redoubtable Salomon freezes me; that man is not of 
 our heaven " [Louis Lambert, ii\. 
 
 Samanon, a questionable speculator of Paris during the 
 reigns of Louis VIIL and Charles X., in divers and numerous 
 ways made considerable money. In 182 1 Lucien de Rubempre, 
 while a novice, went into his store of all sorts, in the Poison- 
 niere faubourg, and saw his several trades and industries: 
 a second-hand clothes dealer and money-lender on the same, 
 a broker, a bill-discounter, etc.; he there found a certain 
 great man who remains unknown :* a cynical Bohemian who 
 had donned his own clothing which he had left in pledge to 
 Samanon [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, ilff]. About 
 three years later Samanon was the man of straw in the part- 
 nership formed by Jean-Esther-Gobseck-Bidault (Gigonnet), 
 who were after Chardin des Lupeaulx for debt [Les Em- 
 ployes, cc\. After 1830 the usurer helped Cerizet & Claparon, 
 when they brought Maxime de Trailles to bay and collected 
 his acceptances [A Man of Business, V\. The same Samanon, 
 about 1844, had bills of exchange to the value of ten thousand 
 francs against Baron Hulot d'Ervy, who was then known as 
 Father Vyder, and concealed himself under that pseudonym 
 [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 San-Esteban, Marquise de, the exotic and aristocratic 
 name assumed by Jacqueline Collin when she visited the 
 Conciergerie, in May, 1830, in order to see the prisoner 
 Jacques Collin, who then masqueraded under the name of 
 Carlos Herrera [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ;^]. 
 
 San-Real, Don Hijos, Marquis de, born about 1735; 
 a powerful lord who had the friendship of Ferdinand VIL, 
 King of Spain ; married to a natural daughter of Lord Dudley, 
 Margarita-Euphemia Porraberil, born of a Spanish woman, 
 and living with him in Paris in 181 5 ; they resided near de 
 * M. de Louvenjoul believes this was Balzac. — Translator. 
 
478 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Nucingen, in a mansion on the Rue Saint-Lazare [The Girl 
 with Golden Eyes, ds, II.]. 
 
 San- Real, Marquise de, nee Margarita-Euphemia Por- 
 RABERiL, the natural daughter of Lord Dudley and a Spanish 
 woman, the half-sister of Henri de Marsay ; had the energetic 
 venturesomeness of her brother, whom she also resembled 
 physically. Brought up in Havana she afterward went to 
 Madrid, accompanied by a young creole of the West Indies, 
 Paquita Valdes, with whom she had a warm intimacy which was 
 not interrupted by her marriage and continued in Paris, 1815, 
 until the time that the marquise found she had a rival in her 
 brother Henri de Marsay; she killed Paquita. After this 
 death Mme. de San-Real sought retreat in Spain at the los 
 Dolores convent [The Girl with Golden Eyes, ds, II.]. 
 
 Sanson, Charles-Henri, the executor of ''high works " 
 in the time of the Revolution; the executioner of Louis XVI.; 
 he assisted at two masses commemorative of the King's death, 
 celebrated in 1793 and 1794, by Abbe de Marolles, to whom 
 his identity was afterward revealed by Ragon [An Episode of 
 the Reign of Terror, f]. 
 
 Sanson, son of the foregoing, born about 1770, descended 
 like him from the executioner of Rouen. After being a 
 captain in the cavalry, he assisted his father in the execution 
 of Louis XVI. ; when two scaffolds were erected — Place Louis 
 XV. and Place du Trone — he took charge of the second one, 
 and afterward succeeded his father. Sanson went to ''accom- 
 modate" Theodore Calvi, May, 1830 j he there awaited the 
 decisive command to proceed, but it failed to arrive. He 
 had the aspect of an Englishman and was relatively dis- 
 tinguished in appearance. At least Sanson gave that impres- 
 sion to Jacques Collin, when the old ex-convict was detained 
 in the Conciergerie [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ^. Sanson lived 
 on the Rue des Marais, in the faubourg Saint-Martin quarter. 
 
 Sarcus was, under Louis XVIII., justice of the peace at 
 Soulanges, where he lived on his salary of fifteen hundred 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 479 
 
 francs, and the rent of a furnished house which brought him 
 in one hundred crowns. Sarcus married the eldest sister of 
 the pharmacist Vermut, of Soulanges; by her he had one 
 daughter, Adeline, who afterward became Mme. Adolphe 
 Sibilet. A pretty, little old man with dappled gray hair, 
 this functionary was of an inferior order, none the less he was 
 the statesman in the first society of Soulanges in which Mme. 
 Soudry reigned, and in which were found nearly all of Mont- 
 cornet's adversaries [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Sarcus, the cousin in the third degree of the foregoing 
 (called the rich Sarcus), was, in 1817, councilor to the de- 
 partment of Burgundy which had been successively adminis- 
 tered, under the Restoration, by MM. de la Roche-Hugon 
 and de Casteran, and which had dependent upon it Ville-aux- 
 Fayes, Soulanges, Blangy, and the Aigues. He recommended 
 Sibilet as steward of the Aigues, Montcornet's estate. M. 
 Sarcus, the rich, was a deputy ; it was said of him that he was 
 the prefect's right arm [The Peasantry, JK\. 
 
 Sarcus, Madame, nee Vallat, 1778; wife of the fore- 
 going ; she belonged to a family that was related to the Gau- 
 bertins ; she passed for having distinguished M. Lupin in her 
 youth; he still courted her affection in 1823, this woman of 
 forty-five, the mother of a civil engineer [The Peasantry, _B]. 
 
 Sarcus^ son of the foregoing; in 1823 he became engineer- 
 in-ordinary of roads and bridges at Ville-aux-Fayes ; he com- 
 pleted the groups of powerful families of that vicinity who 
 were hostile to Montcornet [The Peasantry, J?]. 
 
 Sarcus-Taupin, a miller at Soulanges; he owned an in- 
 come of fifty thousand francs ; the Nucingen of the town ; 
 the father of a daughter whose hand was sought by the notary 
 Lupin and president Gendrin, for their sons [The Peasan- 
 try, M\ 
 
 Sarrasine, Matthieu or Mathieu, a country laborer of 
 Saint-Die; the father of a wealthy procureur; the sculptor 
 Ernest-Jean Sarrasine's grandfather [Sarrasine, ds, IL]. 
 
480 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Sarrasine, a wealthy procureur of the eighteenth century ; 
 the sculptor Ernest-Jean Sarrasine's father [Sarrasine, ds, II.]. 
 
 Sarrasine, Ernest-Jean, a remarkable French sculptor, 
 born at Besan^on, in 1736 ; the son and grandson of the fore- 
 going by the same surname. When a young man he took an 
 artist's vocation against the parental wishes, his father desiring 
 him to enter the magistracy; he reached Paris, where he 
 entered the study of Bouchardon, in whom he found a pro- 
 tector and friend; he knew Mme. Geoffrin, Sophie Arnould, 
 Baron d'Holbach, and J. J. Rousseau. He became the lover 
 of Clotilde, an operatic favorite ; Sarrasine obtained the prize 
 for sculpture founded by Marigiv , the brother of la Pompa- 
 dour, and received the compliments of Diderot. He after- 
 ward lived in Rome, 1758; there he had as companions: 
 Vien, Louthrebourg,* Allegrain, Vitagliani, Cicognara, and 
 Chige. He was foolishly smitten by the castrated Zambinella, 
 uncle of the Lanty-Duvignons : he thought the creature was 
 feminine, for he had a magnificent bust and was a strange singer, 
 and was supported by Cicognara; he abducted him and 
 perished by assassination, at his rival's instigation, during 
 that same year of 1758. Sarrasine's life was narrated, under 
 the Restoration, to Beatrix de Rochefide [Sarrasine, ds, II. 
 — The Deputy for Arcis, D^J\. 
 
 Sauteloup, familiarly cdled *' Father Sauteloup"; was 
 instructed, in May, 1830, to read the death-warrant to Theo- 
 dore Calvi, a prisoner in the Conciergerie, and to reject his 
 ;;etition to the Court of Cassation [Vautrin's Last Avatar, z\ 
 
 Sauvage, Madame, a person of repulsive figure and con- 
 testable morality; the servant-mistress of Maitre Fraisier; 
 with Mme. Cantinet she took charge of Schmucke's house- 
 hold affairs, he who was the legatee of the old collector to the 
 prejudice of the Camusots de Marville [Cousin Pons, iic]. 
 
 Sauvager, first substitute to the King's procureur, at 
 Alen^on ; a young married judge, sharp, dry, ambitious, and 
 * Spelled indifferently Lutteibourg and Lauterbourg. 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 481 
 
 covetous. He took part against Victurnien d'Esgrignon in 
 that resounding affair called the d'Esgrignon-du Bousquier 
 matter; after that noted cause he was sent out to Corsica 
 [The Collection of Antiquities, a(l\. 
 
 Sauvagnest, Bordin's successor and Maitre Desroches* 
 predecessor ; was an attorney in Paris [A Start in Life, s\ 
 
 Sauvaignou, of Marseilles, a foreman working carpenter ;* 
 mixed up in the hubbub over the sale of the house on the 
 Place de la Madeleine, in 1840, to the Thuilliers; he was used 
 by Cerizet, Claparon, and Dutocq, and finally by Theodose 
 de la Peyrade [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Sauviat, Jerome-Baptiste, born in Auvergne about 1 747 ; 
 an old-iron dealer from 1792 to 1796 ; of a true trading nature : 
 sharp, active, and avaricious; he was sincerely religious; 
 during the Terror he was imprisoned, and only just failed of 
 being executed for having favored the flight of a bishop. He 
 married Mile. Champagnac, at Limoges, in 1797; by her he 
 had one daughter, Veronique (Mme. Pierre Graslin). After 
 the death of his father-in-law he bought, in the same town, the 
 house in which he had been a tenant, and in which he had been 
 a vendor of tinware, etc., and there continued the trade; he 
 retired from business quite wealthy. He was later engaged 
 as superintendent in a porcelain factory in which J. F. 
 Tascheron worked ; he was in that position at least three 
 years; he died, as the result of an accident, in 1827 [The 
 Country Parson, F\ 
 
 Sauviat, Madame, nee Champagnac, about 1767, wife of 
 the foregoing ; the daughter of a tinker at Limoges ; a widow 
 in 1797, she inherited her husband's estate. Mme. Sauviat 
 resided successively near the Rue de la Vieille-Poste, a suburb 
 of Limoges, and at Montegnac. Like Sauviat, she was a hard 
 worker, sharp, avaricious, economical, and harsh, and religious 
 beside ; again, like him, she worshiped Veronique ; she knew 
 
 * Sauvaignou was a petty contractor for the labor in the erection of 
 buildings. 
 31 
 
482 COMPENDIUM 
 
 her terrible secret, which was a kind of Marcellange * affair 
 [The Country Parson, jP]. 
 
 Sauviat, Veronique. See Graslin, Madame Pierre. 
 
 Savaron de Savarus, a noble, wealthy Belgian family, 
 of whom the several members known in the nineteenth cen- 
 tury were : Savaron de Savarus, of Tournai, a Fleming faithful 
 to Flanders' traditions, and who without doubt was a relative 
 of or in correspondence with the Claes and Pierquins [The 
 Quest of the Absolute, J>] ; Mademoiselle Brabangonne 
 Savarus, an opulent heiress; and Albert Savarus, a French 
 barrister, a descendant, in the natural line, of the Comte de 
 Savarus [Albert Savaron,/*]. 
 
 Savarus, Albert Savaron de, of the preceding family, 
 but the natural son of Comte de Savarus; born about 1798; 
 was secretary of one of Charles X.'s ministries, and a master 
 of requests. The Revolution of 1830 broke down his career 
 which had auspiciously opened. A love he had for the Duch- 
 esse d'Argaiolo, afterward Mme. Alphonse de Rhetore, caused 
 Savarus to resume his activity and spirit of enterprise ; he was 
 admitted to the bar of Besan^on, gathered a practice, was 
 received with kclai, founded "la Revue de I'Est," in which 
 he published an autobiographical novel: 'M'Ambitieux par 
 amour," and announced himself as a legislative candidate, 
 receiving a warm welcome, 1834. Albert Savarus, with his 
 powerful, thoughtful head, would have seen the realization of 
 his dreams but for the fantastic romance and jealousy of 
 Rosalie de Watteville, who surprised and broke down his 
 every plan and brought about the second marriage of Mme. 
 d'ArgaYolo, 1842, His expectations and faith ruined, Albert 
 Savarus made a Carthusian retreat of his mother's house, situ- 
 ated near Grenoble, and became Brother Albert [The Quest 
 of the Absolute, _D — Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Schiltz married a Barnheim, of Baden, and by her had one 
 daughter, Josephine, afterward Mme. Fabien du Ronceret ; 
 * A noted criminal trial of that time. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 483 
 
 he was an *' intrepid colonel, the head of bold Alsacian parti- 
 sans who failed to save the Emperor in the French campaign." 
 He died at Metz, pillaged and ruined [Beatrix, JP]. 
 
 Schiltz, Josephine, called Madame Schontz. See Ron- 
 ceret, Madame Fabien du. 
 
 ScherbellofF, Scherbellof, or Sherbelloff, Princesse ; 
 the maternal grandmother of Mme. de Montcornet [The Jeal- 
 ousies of a Country Town, A.A. — The Peasantry, JJ]. 
 
 Schinner, Mademoiselle, mother of the painter Hippo- 
 lyte Schinner, daughter of an Alsacian farmer. After being 
 seduced by a wealthy, indelicate man, she refused the money 
 offered her as compensation, and refused to legitimize the 
 fruit of their amours ; she took refuge in maternity and de- 
 voted herself entirely to her son. At the time of her son's 
 marriage she lived in Paris with him, in apartments near his 
 study, not far from the Madeleine, Rue des Champs-Elysees* 
 [The Purse, p\. 
 
 Schinner, Hippolyte, painter; natural son of the fore- 
 going, of Alsacian origin, acknowledged only by his mother ; 
 a pupil of Gros, in whose study he made the acquaintance of 
 Joseph Bridau [A Bachelor's Establishment, J\ Schinner 
 married under Louis XVIII. ; at that time he was chevalier 
 of the Legion of Honor, and already celebrated as a painter. 
 While working in a furnished room belonging to Molineux, 
 near the Madeleine, he came to know two of the tenants — 
 Mme. and Mile. Leseigneur de Rouville ; without doubt he 
 imitated the delicate conduct of their benefactor and friend, 
 Kergarouet; he was touched with the cordiality with which 
 the baroness received him, in spite of her poverty ; he loved, 
 with a passion equally partaken by its object, Adelaide de 
 Rouville, and married her [The Purse, p\. Intimate with 
 Pierre Grassou he gave him excellent advice, which that 
 mediocre artist was unable to turn to his advantage [Pierre 
 Grassou, r\. In 1822 Comte de Serizy commissioned 
 * Now the Rue Boissy-d'Anglas. 
 
484 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Schinner to decorate his castle of Presles; Joseph Bridau, 
 who went down to complete the work of his master, in an access 
 of bandiage took and appeared under Schinner' s name [A 
 Start in Life, s\ The autobiographical novel : *' TAmbitieux 
 par amour," by Albert Savarus, mentions Schinner [Albert 
 Savaron, /*]. He was Xavier Rabourdin's friend [Les Em- 
 ployes, cc\. He drew the vignettes for Canalis' works 
 [Modeste Mignon, ^]. He also executed the remarkable 
 ceilings in Adam Laginski's mansion, situated on the Rue de 
 la Pepinidre [The Imaginary Mistress, li\. About 1845 ^^P" 
 polyte Schinner resided not far from the Rue de Berlin, near 
 to Leon de Lora, of whom he had been the first tutor [The 
 Unconscious Mummers, ijC\. 
 
 Schinner, Madame, nee Adelaide Leseigneur de Rou- 
 viLLE, wife of the foregoing; daughter of Baron and Baronne 
 de Rouville, the former a naval officer ; living in Paris, during 
 the Restoration, with her mother as tenants of a house situated 
 on the Rue de Sur6ne, belonging to Molineux. Orphaned of 
 her father, the future Mme. Schinner awaited, not without 
 hardships, the tardy liquidation of her father's pension ; so 
 Admiral de Kergarouet, an old friend, discreetly assisted both 
 herself and mother. About this time she cared for her neigh- 
 bor, Hippolyte Schinner, who had had a fall ; she loved him and 
 was beloved in return ; the gift of a pretty purse embroidered 
 by the young damsel brought about their happy marriage [The 
 Purse, p\. 
 
 Schmucke, Wilhelm, a German Roman Catholic ; a man 
 of great musical feeling ; innocent, candid, simple in manner, 
 and of a gentle and honest nature. He was first chapel- 
 master (organist) to the Margrave of Anspach ; he had known 
 the great writer, Hoffmann, of Berlin, and remembered him 
 later when he owned a cat called Miirr. Schmucke afterward 
 went to Paris; he there lived, in 1835-36, in a small apart- 
 ment on the Quai Conti, at the corner of the Rue de Nevers.* 
 
 * Possibly this was the former lodging-place of Napoleon Bonaparte. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE 485 
 
 Before this he gave lessons in harmony in the Marais quarter, 
 which were much appreciated by the Granvilles' daughters, 
 who later became Mesdames de Vandenesse and du Tillet : he 
 afterward received the former, who came to ask him to indorse 
 her notes in order to save Raoul Nathan [A Daughter of 
 Eve, Y\ Schmucke was also Lydie Peyrade's professor, be- 
 fore her marriage with Theodose de la Peyrade [The Harlot's 
 Progress, Y^ ; but, with Mesdames de Vandenesse and du 
 Tillet, he regarded the future Vicomtesse de Portenduere, 
 Ursule Mirouet,* as his favorite pupil, one of his three 
 "Sainte-Cecilias," who each united in allowing him a modest 
 pension [Ursule Mirouet, jET]. The old chapel-master was 
 ugly and senile in appearance, which gained him the more 
 ready welcome in young ladies' boarding-schools. At a dis- 
 tribution of prizes he met Sylvain Pons, whom he loved at 
 once with an affection that was fully reciprocated, 1834. 
 This intimacy resulted in their forming one household on 
 the Rue de Normandie, where they were the tenants of C. J. 
 Pillerault, 1836. Schmucke lived nine years of perfect hap- 
 piness. Gaudissart became director of a theatre and employed 
 him in his orchestra ; he copied the musical parts, played the 
 piano and the usual run of instruments used nowhere but in 
 the boulevard theatres : the love viola, cor anglais, the 'cello, 
 harp, castanets, bells, the Sax inventions, etc.f Pons made 
 him his universal legatee, April, 1845 5 t)ut the open-minded 
 German was no match in the struggle against Maitre Fraisier, 
 the Camusots de Marville's agent, who despoiled him. In 
 spite of Topinard, of whom in despair at the death of his 
 friend he had asked hospitality, and who cited Bordin to him, 
 
 * The compilers have here a footnote reading: "Or Mirouet; the 
 exact orthography of the name is very uncertain. The Edition Dijinitive 
 mostly giving it Mirouet." In the present translation this has been 
 changed to conform to the orthography used in our Saintsbury edition. — 
 Translator. 
 
 f The instruments usually manipulated by the drummer in this country. 
 
486 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Schmucke was beaten and stricken by an apoplexy ; he soon 
 died [Cousin Pons, q6\, 
 
 Schontz, Madame, the name borne by Mile. Schiltz, who 
 became by marriage Mme. Fabien du Ronceret. See the last 
 name. 
 
 Schwab, WiLHELM, born during the early part of the 
 nineteenth century, at Strasbourg, of a German family ol 
 Kehl ; he had as a friend Frederic (Fritz) Brunner, of whose 
 follies he partook, and who helped him in his poverty to reach 
 Paris ; there they together descended on the hotel du Rhin, 
 Rue du Mail, kept by Johann Graff, Emilie's father, and the 
 brother of the noted tailor Wolfgang. Schwab kept the books 
 of that rival of Humann and Staub. Some years afterward he 
 became a flautist at the theatre in which Pons directed the 
 orchestra. During an intermission between the acts of *'The 
 Devil's Fiancee," given during the autumn of 1844, Schwab 
 gave an invitation to Pons, by Schmucke, to his approaching 
 wedding-feast ; he married, by mutual inclination. Mile. Emi- 
 lie Graff; he later became Frederic Brunner's partner, who 
 had become wealthy by the inheritance of his father's estate, 
 as a banker [Cousin Pons, x\. 
 
 Schwab, Madame Wilhelm, nte Emilie Graff, wife of 
 the foregoing; beautiful and accomplished; niece of Wolfgang 
 Graff; dowered by the opulent tailor [Cousin Pons, Qc\. 
 
 Scio, Madame, a cantatrice of reputation in the Feydeau 
 theatre, 1798; was very excellent in **The Peruvians," a comic 
 opera by Mongenod, which met with but a mediocre success 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Sccevola, Mucius. Behind this assumed name was hidden, 
 under the Terror, a man who had been Prince de Conti's 
 huntsman, and who owed his fortune to that prince. He was 
 a plasterer, and owned a small house in Paris near the fau- 
 bourg Saint-Martin,* not far from the Rue d'AUemagne; he 
 
 * His parish church was Saint-Laurent, which at one time during the 
 Revolution took the name of the Temple of the Faithful. 
 
COMAdIE HUMAINE, 487 
 
 disguised himself under an exaggerated citizenship, which 
 masked his faithful adherence to the Bourbons ; he was the 
 mysterious protector of Sisters Martha and Agathe (Mesdemoi- 
 selles de Beauseant and de Langeais), nuns who had escaped 
 from the abbey of Chelles, and who had taken refuge there 
 with Abbe de Marolles [An Episode of the Reign of Terror, t\ 
 
 Sechard, Jerome- Nicolas, born in 1743. After having 
 been a workman in a printery at Angouleme, situated in the 
 Place du Murier, and although very illiterate, he afterv/ard 
 became its proprietor at the time of the Revolution ; at this 
 epoch he knew the Marquis de Maucombe ; he married a wife 
 with a certain amount of alacrity, but soon lost her after she 
 had given birth to a son, David. Under Louis XVIII., fear- 
 ing the opposition of Cointet, J. N. Sechard retired, selling 
 his establishment to his son, to whom he sold high, on a fall- 
 ing market, and then the drunken old vinegrower went to 
 live at Marsac, near Angouleme. Up to the end of his life 
 Sechard aggravated without pity the commercial difficulties in 
 the midst of which his son David had fallen. The old miser 
 died about 1829, leaving an estate of some value [Lost Illu- 
 sions, 3^]. 
 
 Sechard, David, only son of the foregoing; Lucien de 
 Rubempre's schoolfellow and friend ; he was apprenticed to 
 the printing trade at the Didots, Paris. Many times, when 
 he returned to his native place, he gave proof of his kindness 
 and delicacy. Having bought his father's printery, he know- 
 ingly allowed himself to be duped and exploited by him ; he 
 took Lucien de Rubempre as his proof-reader, partly out of 
 charity, though he had a great affection for him beside, and 
 partly out of love for Lucien's sister. Eve Chardon, whom he 
 married in spite of their mutual poverty, for the printing-office 
 was not a paying concern. This assumed extra expense well 
 pleased the Cointets; they had David the inventor watched to 
 try and discover what progress he made in making paper, and 
 to learn all his secrets ; they reduced him to embarrassment. 
 
488 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Although he succeeded in his invention, all was lost to Sechard 
 through the cunning and power of the Cointet firm ; the spy- 
 ing of the ungrateful Cerizet, his old apprentice ; the dissipated 
 life and wrongdoing of Lucien de Rubempre, and the jealous 
 cupidity of his father, Jerome-Nicolas Sechard. The victim 
 of the Cointets' machinations, Sechard's discovery became 
 known to them ; he lived resigned, became his father's heir, 
 and, sustained by the devotion of the Kolbs, went to live in 
 his father's old place at Marsac, where he received Maitre 
 Derville, who was taken thither by Corentin ; they went to get 
 full information as to the origin of Lucien de Rubempre's 
 million [Lost Illusions, 3^— The Harlot's Progress, Y9 Z\ 
 
 Sechard, Madame David, nie Eve Chardon, wife of the 
 foregoing; born in 1804; the daughter of a druggist of Hou- 
 meau, a suburb of Angouleme; a damsel of the house of 
 Rubempre. She once worked for Mme. Prieur, a clear- 
 starcher and laundress, for fifteen sous a day. She was always 
 devoted to her brother Lucien; in 1821 she married David 
 Sechard, who was also devoted to her brother. She took full 
 management of the printery and struggled against the Coin- 
 tets, Cerizet, and Petit-Claud, and tried hard to humanize old 
 Sechard. She became the modest lady of the manor of la 
 Verberie at Marsac. By her husband she had at least one 
 child, the living picture and of the same Christian name as 
 her brother Lucien. Mme. David Sechard was a fine brunette 
 with blue eyes [Lost Illusions, ^— The Harlot's Progress, Y\ 
 
 Sechard, Lucien, son of the foregoing [Lost Illusions, 'N\ 
 
 Segaud, an attorney at Angouleme ; he was Petit-Claud's 
 successor; he became a magistrate about 1824 [Lost Illu- 
 sions, 1^, 
 
 Se'lerier, called the Auvergnat, Father Ralleau, the Rou- 
 leur, and Fil-de-Soie ; he belonged to the aristocracy of the 
 hulks, and to the group of the "ten thousand" of which 
 Jacques Collin was the head. They became suspicious of 
 Selerier having sold Vautrin to the police, 1819, when Bibi- 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 489 
 
 Lupin arrested him at the Vauquer boarding-house [Father 
 Goriot, 6r]. He was philosophical, very egotistic, incapable 
 of love, and ignorant of friendship; in May, 1830, when a 
 prisoner in the Conciergerie, he was on the point of being 
 condemned to fifteen years' hard labor, when he saw and 
 recognized Jacques Collin in the false Carlos Herrera, who 
 like himself was incriminated [Vautrin's Last Avatar, z\. 
 
 Senonches, Jacques de, a noble of Angoul§me ; a great 
 hunter, tall and thin, '*a kind of wild boar." He lived on 
 very good terms with his wife's lover, Francis du Hautoy, 
 and was a frequenter of Mme. de Bargeton's salon [Lost 
 Illusions, iV^. 
 
 Senonches, Madame Jacques de, wife of the foregoing ; 
 she had Zephirine — Zizine for short — for her Christian name. 
 By Francis du Hautoy, her adored lover, she had a daughter, 
 Frangoise de la Haye, whom she introduced as her ward, and 
 who became Mme. Petit-Claud [Lost Illusions, 3^. 
 
 Sepherd, Carl, the pseudonym taken by Charles Grandet, 
 when he visited .the Indies, the United States, Africa, etc.; and 
 also when he traded in negroes [Eugenie Grandet, JE~\. 
 
 Serboni, La, the prima donna at the Italian Opera-house, 
 London, 1839 ; she was replaced by Luigia [The Deputy for 
 Arcis, X>D]. 
 
 Serizy or Serisy, Comte Hugret de, born in 1765, a 
 descendant in the direct line of the noted President Hugret, 
 ennobled under Frangois I. The device of this family was : 
 /, semper melius eris^ a motto which by the final s in melius, 
 the word eris, and the /at the beginning form the word Serizy 
 of the estate which formed a county {comte). The son of 
 a first president of Parlement — who died in 1794 — Serizy 
 himself became a councilor of State in 1787; he did not 
 emigrate during the Revolution; he resided on his estate of 
 Serizy, near Arpajon ; he became a member of the council of 
 the Five Hundred and afterward State counsel. The Empire 
 made him a count, and he was appointed senator. In 1806 
 
490 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Hugret de Serizy married Leontine de RonqueroUes, the 
 widow of General Gaubert. This marriage was brought about 
 by his brother-in-law, the Marquis de RonqueroUes du Rouvre. 
 Every honor came to him in succession : a chamberlain under 
 the Empire, then vice-president of the Council of State, peer 
 of France, grand cross of the Legion of Honor, minister of 
 State, and member of the privy council. The fame of Serizy, 
 a laborious and remarkable man, did not prevent an unhappy 
 domestic life. He worked late into the night ; but this high 
 functionary was never able to conquer his wife's heart, yet 
 nevertheless he was her constant protector. This was the 
 cause of his vengeance on Moreau, the godfather of Oscar 
 Husson, when that young man was so foolish as to repeat 
 what he had heard the indiscreet steward of Presles talk about 
 [A Start in Life, s\. The regimes which followed the Empire 
 augmented Serizy's influence and renown ; he was an intimate 
 friend of the Bauvans and Granvilles [A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, «7— Honorine, h — Modeste Mignon, jK^]. His weak- 
 ness for his wife was shown in that he accompanied and 
 assisted her when, in May, 1830, she went to the Conciergerie 
 with the intention of saving her lover, Lucien de Rubempre, 
 when she penetrated into that prison where the young man 
 had committed suicide [The Harlot's Progress, Y, Zi\ The 
 same Serizy accepted the position of executor to the will of 
 the poet [Vautrin's Last Avatar, ^\ 
 
 Serizy, Comtesse de, nee Leontine de Ronquerolles 
 about 1784, wife of the foregoing; sister of the Marquis de 
 Ronquerolles; she first wedded, while quite young, General 
 Gaubert, one of the most illustrious soldiers of the Republic ; 
 while still young she again married, but had no great regard 
 for her husband, M. de Serizy, by whom nevertheless she had 
 a son, an officer, who was killed in Louis-Philippe's reign [A 
 Start in Life, s\. Worldly and brilliant, a worthy rival of 
 Mesdames de Beauseant, de Langeais, de Maufrigneuse, de 
 Carigliano, and d'Espard, Leontine de Serizy had numerous 
 
COMJ^DIE HUMAINE. 491 
 
 lovers : Auguste de Maulincour, Victor d'Aiglemont, and 
 Lucien de Rubempre [The Duchesse de Langeais, hh — Ursula 
 Mirouet, S — A Woman of Thirty, S\ The last liaison 
 was the most disquieting. Lucien completely dominated 
 Mme. de Serizy; he served her by hindering the Marquise 
 d'Espard from obtaining a verdict in the commission in 
 lunacy which she had brought against her husband, Marquis 
 d'Espard. During Lucien's detention, and after his death, 
 the Marquise de Serizy suffered the most intense anguish. 
 Leontine de Serizy broke one of the iron bars in the Concier- 
 gerie gate, ill-treated the judge of instruction, Camusot, and 
 seemed completely crazy. Jacques Collin's intervention 
 saved and cured her, when three celebrated physicians — 
 Bianchon, Desplein, and Sinard — had declared it a matter 
 of impossibility to soothe her [The Harlot's Progress, i^ ^]. 
 In the winter the Comtesse de Serizy lived on the Chaussee 
 d'Antin, and on her favorite estate of Serizy, or at Presles, in 
 the summer ; sometimes she stayed near Nemours, at Rouvre, 
 an estate belonging to a family of that name. In Paris she 
 was Felicite des Touches' (Camille Maupin) neighbor; she 
 was a frequent caller on that "emulant" of George Sand, 
 and is found there at the time that de Marsay recounted the 
 story of his first love ; she took part in the conversation 
 [Another Study of Woman, V\. Mme. de Serizy was Clemen- 
 tine du Rouvre's maternal aunt : she gave her a rich dowry 
 when she married Laginski and became Mme. Laginska. 
 With Ronquerolles, her brother, she saw Thaddee Paz, the 
 Pole, on the Rue de la Pepiniere [The Imaginary Mis- 
 tress, li\. 
 
 Serizy, Vicomte de, only son of the foregoing ; he left 
 the Polytechnique in 1825 ; by favor he entered a regiment 
 of cavalry in the Royal Guards, as sub-lieutenant, which was 
 commanded by the Due de Maufrigneuse, and into which, at 
 the same time, Oscar Husson, Cardot's nephew, enlisted as a 
 private soldier [A Start in Life, s]. In October, 1829, in 
 
492 COMPENDIUM 
 
 command of a company of the Guards, he had a mission to 
 inform M. de Verneuil, the owner' of a game preserve, Nor- 
 mandy, that Madame was about to come there to a hunt 
 organized by him. Smitten by Diane de Maufrigneuse he 
 found her at Verneuil's house ; the future Princesse de Cadig- 
 nan allowed him to flirt with her in order to have revenge 
 upon Leontine de Serizy, who was at that time Lucien de 
 Rubempre's mistress [Modeste Mignon, 1K.\ Raised to the 
 grade of lieutenant-colonel in a regiment of cavalry he was 
 seriously wounded at the Macta disaster, in Africa, June 26, 
 1835, and died at Toulon from his wounds [The Imaginary 
 Mistress, Ti — A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Servais, according to Elie Magus the only good gilder in 
 Paris, and who listened to his advice. He always used English 
 gold, which is far superior to the French, in that art. Like the 
 bookbinder Thouvenin, he was in love with his work [Cousin 
 Pons, a?]. 
 
 Servien, Prudence, born in 1806, at Valenciennes; the 
 daughter of very poor weavers, she was employed from seven 
 years of age in a cotton mill ; corrupted while quite young 
 through the place in which she worked, she was a mother at 
 thirteen. She was a witness in the Assize Court against Jean- 
 Frangois Durut ; he became her redoubtable enemy, and she 
 fell into dependence upon Jacques Collin, who promised to 
 forestall the convict's malice. She had once a good figure, 
 and afterward served Esther van Gobseck, in Paris, as a 
 chambermaid ; she was Paccard's mistress, and afterward 
 doubtlessly married him ; she assisted Vautrin in exploiting 
 Nucingen ; she stole a large sum of money from Mile. Gob- 
 seck, after her death, but afterward replaced it through Mme. 
 Nourrisson, who kept a house of ill-fame on the Rue Sainte- 
 Barbe [The Harlot's Progress, Y^ Z\ 
 
 Servin, a distinguished painter, born about 1775; the 
 husband by inclination of the daughter of a general without 
 fortune; in 1815, at Paris, he was the director of a studio 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 493 
 
 attended by Mile. Laure and Mesdemoiselles Mathilde-Melanie 
 Roguin, Amelie Thirion, and Ginevra di Piombo, who later 
 became Mesdames Tiphaine, Camusot de Marville, and Porta. 
 Servin at that time hid an outlaw who was sought by the 
 police, one Luigi Porta, who presently married the master's 
 favorite pupil, Mile. Ginevra di Piombo [The Vendetta, i\ 
 
 Servin, Madame, wife of the foregoing ; she remembered 
 that the romantic loves of Porta and Ginevra had depopulated 
 her husband's studio of its students; she repulsed Mile, di 
 Piombo after she had been driven from beneath the paternal 
 roof [The Vendetta, t]. 
 
 Severac, De, born in 1764; a country gentleman, mayor 
 of a village in the canton of Angouleme ; the author of a 
 study on silk worms, which was received in Mme. de Barge- 
 ton's salon, in 1821. A widower without children, and with- 
 out doubt very wealthy, but unused to society. He is found 
 one evening in a salon on the Rue du Minage,* having as 
 auditors none other than the complaisant, noble but poor, 
 Mme. du Brossard and her daughter, Camille, aged twenty- 
 seven [Lost Illusions, iV]. 
 
 Sibilet, a clerk to the court at Ville-aux-Fayes ; a distant 
 cousin of Frangois Gaubertin ; he married a Gaubertin-Vallat, 
 and by that marriage had six children [The Peasantry, _K]. 
 
 Sibilet, Adolphe, the eldest of the foregoing's six children ; 
 born about 1 793 ; was first clerk to a notary, and later a paltry 
 employe of the property registrar; about the end of 181 7 he 
 succeeded his distant cousin, Fran9ois Gaubertin, as steward 
 of the Aigues, the property of Montcornet. Sibilet married 
 Mile. Adeline Sarcus (of the poor branch), who made him a 
 father twice in three years ; his interest in his master's con- 
 cerns were turned to assist the rancor of his predecessor, and 
 he was a traitor to Montcornet [The Peasantry, J?]. 
 
 Sibilet, Madame Adolphe, nee Adeline Sarcus, wife of 
 the foregoing ; she was the only daughter of justice of the 
 
 * Which remains far from being an aristocratic neighborhood. 
 
494 COMPENDIUM 
 
 peace Sarcus; her whole fortune was her beauty; she was 
 brought up most carefully by her mother in the little town of 
 Soulanges. Not having married Araaury Lupin, the son of 
 notary Lupin, with whom she was smitten, and after losing 
 her mother, she three years later allowed her father, out of 
 despair, to marry her to the ungraceful and disagreeable 
 Adolphe Sibilet [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Sibilet, son of the clerk, was a commissary of police at 
 Ville-aux-Fayes, 1821 [The Peasantry, JK]. 
 
 Sibilet, Mademoiselle, a daughter of the clerk, she be- 
 came Mme. Herve [The Peasantry, 'K\. 
 
 Sibilet, a son of the clerk ; was the head clerk to Maitre 
 Corbinet, a notary at Ville-aux-Fayes, and his designated suc- 
 cessor [The Peasantry, _K]. 
 
 Sibilet, a son of the clerk ; an employ^ on the estates near 
 by ; he was presumably the successor to the recording clerk 
 at Ville-aux-Fayes [The Peasantry, JR]. 
 
 Sibilet, Mademoiselle, a daughter of the clerk ; born about 
 1807; she was postmistress at Ville-aux-Fayes; she was 
 promised to Captain Corbinet, the notary's brother [The 
 Peasantry, JK]. 
 
 Sibuelle, a rich and somewhat blemished contractor, in 
 the times of the Directory and the Consulate; he gave his 
 daughter in marriage to Malin de Gondreville, and, by his 
 son-in-law's favor, became co-receiver-general of the depart- 
 ment of the Aube [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Sibuelle, Mademoiselle, the only daughter of the fore- 
 going ; she became Mme. Malin de Gondreville [A Historical 
 Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Sieyes, Emmanuel- Joseph, born in 1748 at Frejus; died 
 at Paris in 1836 ; he was successively vicar-general of Chartres, 
 a deputy to the States General and the Convention ; a member 
 of the committee of public safety ; a member of the Five Hun- 
 dred and the Directory; a consul and a senator; he was well 
 known as a publicist. He assisted and took part in the work 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 495 
 
 of the ministry for Foreign Affairs, on the Rue du Bac,* June, 
 1800, together with Talleyrand and Fouche, when they con- 
 sulted and meditated upon overthrowing the First Consul, 
 Bonaparte [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Signol, Henriette ; a handsome girl ; of a good family 
 of husbandmen ; she was a workwoman in the laundry be- 
 longing to Basine Clerget, at Angouleme. She was Cerizet's 
 mistress; she believed in him and worked against David 
 Sechard, the printer [Lost Illusions, lf\ 
 
 Simeuse, Admiral de, the father of Jean de Simeuse; 
 was one of the most eminent commanders in the French navy 
 of the eighteenth century [The Old Maid, aa — Beatrix, _P— 
 A Historical Mystery, ff^. 
 
 Simeuse, Marquis Jean de, of whom the name Cy 
 MEURS or Si meurs, was the noble motto; he was the 
 descendant of a great house of Boulonge ; he became the 
 owner of a Lorraine fief called Ximeuse, which became cor- 
 rupted into Simeuse. M. de Simeuse counted a number of 
 illustrious names; he married Berthe de Cinq-Cygne; by her 
 he became the father of twin boys — Paul-Marie and Marie- 
 Paul. He was guillotined, under the Terror, at Troyes. 
 Michu's father-in-law presided over the Revolutionary tribunal 
 that sentenced him to death [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Simeuse, Marquise de, nee Berthe de Cinq-Cygne, 
 wife of the foregoing. She was executed at Troyes, at the 
 same time as her husband [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Simeuse, Paul-Marie and Marie-Paul, twin brothers, 
 sons of the foregoing, born in 1773; the grandsons, on the 
 maternal side, of the admiral who was no less celebrated for 
 his dissipations than his valor ; descendants of the first owners 
 of the famous estate of Gondreville, in the Aube, and belong- 
 ing to the noblest family of Champagne — the Chargeboeufs, of 
 which their mother, Berthe de Cinq-Cygne, represented the 
 
 * This ministry has been successively transported to the Boulevard des 
 Capucines and the Quai d'Orsy, where it is now situated. 
 
496 COMPENDIUM 
 
 younger branch. Paul-Marie and Marie-Paul were both emi- 
 grants. They reappeared in France about 1803. They 
 both loved their cousin, Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, a fervent 
 Royalist ; they allowed chance to decide who should become 
 her husband ; chance favored Marie-Paul, that is to say the 
 younger twin, but events did not permit the consummation of 
 the marriage. The twins differed neither physically nor 
 morally, save in one single point : Paul-Marie was melan- 
 choly ; Marie-Paul was gay. Despite the advice of their old 
 relative, M. de Chargeboeuf, the Simeuses, with the Hauteser- 
 res, compromised themselves ; they were placed under surveil- 
 lance by Fouche, who sent Peyrade and Corentin to entrap 
 them. They were accused, with Michu, of abducting Malin ; 
 they were tried for that offense, and, although innocent, were 
 found guilty and sentenced to twenty-four years at hard labor: 
 afterward they were pardoned by Napoleon and sent, as sub- 
 lieutenants, to the same cavalry regiment ; they were both 
 killed at the battle of Sommo-Sierra, near Madrid, November 
 30, 1808 [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Simonin, a hirer-out of carriages, Cour des Coches, Paris; 
 about 1840 he rented a berlin to Mme. de Godollo, who pre- 
 tended she was about going a journey; this was done by 
 Corentin's instructions ; as a fact, she did not go farther than 
 the Bois de Boulogne [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Simmonin was, under Louis XVIIL, at Paris, Rue Vi- 
 vienne, the "gutter jumper," or errand-boy, in Maitre Der- 
 ville's office, when that attorney received Hyacinthe-Chabert 
 [Colonel Chabert, t]. 
 
 Sinard, a physician at Paris, called in. May, 1830, to- 
 gether with Desplein and Bianchon, to attend Leontine de 
 Serizy, who had become crazy after her lover's, Lucien de 
 Rubempr^, tragic end [Vautrin's Last Avatar, z\. 
 
 Sinet, Seraphine, a noted lorette, born in 1820; she was 
 known by the sobriquet of Carabine; in 1839 she assisted at 
 Jos^pha's inaugural festival, on the Rue de la Ville-rEv6que, 
 
CO Mi. DIE HUMAINE. 497 
 
 Five years later she was the wealthy du Tillet's mistress, who 
 kept her for a long time. Mile. Sinet replaced the sprightly 
 Marguerite Turquet as queen of the lorettes [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 A handsome woman, she led the march at the opera, and re- 
 sided on the Rue Saint-Georges, in the splendid suite of rooms 
 where were successively enthroned Suzanne du Val-Noble, 
 Esther van Gobseck, Florine, and Mme. Schontz. Of a lively 
 turn of mind, cavalier manners, and brilliant shamelessness, 
 Carabine received much and of the best. At all times her 
 table was magnificently appointed, and had always ten covers 
 laid. Artists, men of letters, and people of the world frequented 
 her house. S. P. Gazonal was taken there, 1845, ^7 Leon de 
 Lora and Bixiou, accompanied by Jenny Cadine, of the Gyra- 
 nase, and there saw Massol, Claud Vignon, Maxime de Trailles, 
 Nucingen, F. du Bruel, Malaga, M. and Mme. Gaillard, and 
 Vauvinet, together with a crowd of other persons, not to omit 
 F. du Tillet himself [The Unconscious Mummers, l^]. 
 
 Sinot, an attorney at Arcis-sur-Aube ; in 1839 he was con- 
 cerned in the election of a deputy for the department, and in 
 that town, to replace M. Francois Keller [The Deputy for 
 
 Arcis, jyjyi 
 
 Socquard was, under the Empire and Restoration, a drink- 
 mixer {limonadier) at the Cafe de la Paix, Soulanges. He 
 was a small, fat man, of a placid countenance, and possessed 
 a little, thin, stringy, limpid voice. He managed the hall in 
 which the balls were held, which was an annex of the caf(6- 
 Vermichel was violinist and Fourchon played the clarionet; 
 these formed the orchestra. Plissoud, Bonnebault, Viallet, 
 and Amaury Lupin frequented the place, which was for a long 
 time noted for its billiards, punch, and spiced wine. In 1823 
 Socquard was a widower [The Peasantry, _B]. 
 
 Socquard, Madame Junie, wife of the foregoing; she 
 
 counted a number of gallant adventures under the Empire. 
 
 She was a most beautiful woman, and her luxury contributed 
 
 to the fame of Soulanges, and was celebrated through the 
 
 32 
 
498 COMPENDIUM 
 
 whole valley. Notary Lupin made a fool of himself for her ; 
 Gaubertin, who kept her, was certain that the natural son, 
 little Bournier, that she bore was his child. Junie made the 
 success of the Socquard establishment. She carried to her 
 husband a property which consisted of a vineyard, the house 
 in which they lived, and the Tivoli. She died in Louis 
 XVIIL's reign [The Peasantry, J^\ 
 
 Socquard, Aglae, daughter of the foregoing, born in 
 1 80 1. From her father she took an absurd embonpoint. 
 Sought after by Bonnebault, who was by her father con- 
 sidered all right as a customer, but not quite good enough to 
 be his son-in-law, she excited Marie Tonsard's jealousy, who 
 did her utmost to part them [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Soderini, Prince, father of Mme. d'Argaiolo, who after- 
 ward became Duchesse de Rhetore, Besangon, 1834; he re- 
 claimed from Albert Savarus his daughter's letters and por- 
 trait. His sudden arrival and precipitate leaving of the chief 
 place in Doubs to Savarus, who was a candidate for deputy, 
 was owing to his ignorance of the approaching second mar- 
 riage of Mme. d'ArgaVolo [Albert Savaron, /]. 
 
 Solis, Abbe de, born about 1733; a dominician andahe 
 grand peniiencier of Toledo, vicar-general of the arch-bishopric 
 of Malines ; a good, great, and venerable priest. He received 
 and adopted his brother's son, Emmanuel de Solis, and, re- 
 tired at Douai, knew and protected the Casa-Reals; he con- 
 fessed and was the spiritual director of their last descendant, 
 Mme. Balthazar Claes. Abb6 de Solis died December, 1818 
 [The Quest of the Absolute, !>]. 
 
 Solis, Emmanuel de, the nephew and adopted son of the 
 foregoing. He was poor, and of a family that originated in 
 Grenada ; he profited well by his education which he received 
 at the Douai school, in which he later became a professor and 
 gave lessons to the two brothers of Marguerite Claes, who was 
 the eldest child, and whom he loved. He married her in 
 1825 ; he soon after this inherited the title of Comte de 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 499 
 
 Nourno, which was an appendage of the house of Solis [The 
 Quest of the. Absolute, !>]. 
 
 Solis, Madame Emmanuel de, nee Marguerite Claes in 
 1796; wife of the foregoing, eldest sister of Mme. Felicie 
 Pierquin, whose husband had once sought her hand ; her 
 dying mother gave her instructions to constantly struggle 
 against the notions of her father, the inventor ; she conformed 
 to the maternal directions, and was able, owing to her rare 
 energy, to reestablish the fortunes of her family, which were 
 more than compromised. Mme. de Solis was confined of a 
 child during a journey in Spain whither she had gone to visit 
 Casa-Real, the cradle of her maternal family [The Quest of 
 the Absolute, D]. 
 
 Solonet, born in 1795; ^^ obtained the decoration of 
 the Legion of Honor for having actually contributed to the 
 second reentry of the Bourbons; was the young notary to 
 the society of Bordeaux ; he triumphed in the drafting of the 
 marriage settlement of Natalie Evangelista with Paul de 
 Manerville against the resistance of his colleague Mathias, 
 who defended Manerville's interests. Solonet served with an 
 impressment of passion, not sought for or returned, Mme. 
 Evangelista, whose hand he vainly demanded [A Marriage 
 Settlement, aa\. 
 
 Solvet, a young man with a pretty face, a gambler and 
 vicious; Caroline Crochard de Bellefeuille's lover and pre- 
 ferred by her to M. de Granville, her generous protector. 
 Solvet made Mile. Crochard very unhappy ; he ruined her 
 and still she worshiped him. Made known of her circum- 
 stances by Bianchon, Comte de Granville, who had met him 
 one evening near the Rue Gaillon, under Louis-Philippe, 
 refused to assist her [A Second Home, z\. 
 
 Sommervieux, Theodore de, a painter who had won 
 the prize of Rome ; chevalier of the Legion of Honor ; he was 
 particularly successful in interiors, excelling in the effects of 
 light and shadow (clair-obscur) of the Dutch school. With 
 
500 COMPENDIUM 
 
 much talent he reproduced the interior of the " Cat and 
 Racket," Rue Saint-Denis; he exhibited it at the Salon; at 
 the same time he ravished the portrait of his future wife, Mile. 
 Guillaume, who was foolishly smitten by him and whom he 
 married about 1808, nearly against the wish of her parents, 
 thanks to the good offices of Mme. Roguin, with whom he 
 was intimate in society. The marriage was not a happy one ; 
 the daughter of the Guillaumes worshiped her husband with- 
 out understanding him. The painter frequently absented 
 himself from his apartments on the Rue des Trois-Freres — a 
 part of the real Rue Taitbout — and offered his homage in the 
 faubourg Saint-Germain, at the shrine of the Marechale de 
 Carigliano, He had an income of twelve thousand francs ; 
 his father before the Revolution was called Chevalier de 
 Sommervieux [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket, f]. Theo- 
 dore de Sommervieux designed a monstrance for Gohier, 
 the King's goldsmith ; this sacred vessel was purchased by 
 Mme. Baudoyer and given to St. Paul's Church at the time 
 of the death of F. de La Billardiere, the chief of a division in 
 the Bureau of Finance, to whose place she wished her husband 
 to succeed [Les Employes, cc]. Sommervieux also made 
 the vignettes for Canalis' works [Modeste Mignon, JEC]. 
 
 Sommervieux, Madame Theodore de, nee Augustine 
 Guillaume, about 1792, wife of the foregoing; the second 
 daughter of the Guillaumes of the " Cat and Racket," a dry 
 goods establishment, Rue Saint-Denis, Paris ; she had a hard 
 life, for her family, Mme. Roguin alone excepted, could in no 
 way understand her aspirations to a higher ideal, nor could 
 they feel satisfied at her choice of Theodore de Sommervieux. 
 Mile. Guillaume was married, about the middle of the Empire, 
 at her parish church of Saint-Leu, the same day and immedi- 
 ately after the union of her eldest sister to her father's clerk, 
 Lebas. Of rather less common instincts than her relatives 
 and their surroundings, but still insignificant enough, she 
 insensibly drove away from her husband's study Schinner, 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 501 
 
 Bridau, Bixiou, Lora, Seul, and Grassou ; she was so very 
 "middle-class" that she could not understand their ver- 
 nacular. Her heart was broken by her husband deserting her 
 for the society of Mme. de Carigliano; she went to take 
 counsel from her rival, but she was unable to use the arms 
 with which she furnished her ; she died of grief shortly after 
 the famous ball given by the perfumer, Cesar Birotteau, on 
 the Rue Saint-Honore. She was buried in Monmartre ceme- 
 tery [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket, t — Cesar Birot- 
 teau, O]. 
 
 Sonet, a dealer in funeral monuments and marble, Paris, 
 under the Restoration and Louis-Philippe. When Pons died 
 the tombstone speculator sent his drummer to Schmucke with 
 instructions to obtain an order from him for two statues of 
 "Art and Friendship" united in one group. Sonet had as 
 a partner in his business the designer Vitelot. The real title 
 of the firm was Sonet & Co. [Cousin Pons, x\. 
 
 Sonet, Madame, wife of the foregoing, was very impressive 
 with and cared tenderly for Schmucke when he visited Pere- 
 Lachaise, broken with emotion, in April, 1845 'y she pro- 
 posed, with some modifications, that an allegorical tombstone 
 should be purchased by him to place over Pons' resting-place, 
 one that had been previously rejected by the Marsay and 
 Keller families ; who had preferred to address themselves to a 
 real artist — the sculptor Stidmann [Cousin Pons, a?]. 
 
 Sophie, an emulator and of the same name as the famous 
 Sophie the "blue ribbon" cook to Dr. Veron, and her con- 
 temporary; was, about 1844, on the Rue Basse-du-Rempart, 
 Paris, cook to Comte Popinot. She must have been a re- 
 markable culinary artist, for Sylvain Pons, reduced, by reason 
 of his quarrel with the Camusots, to dine in his own rooms, 
 on the Rue de Normandie, would often cry out in an excess 
 of melancholy: "Oh! Sophie" [Cousin Pons, 05]. 
 
 Sorbier, a Parisian notary, to whom Chesnel (or Choisnel) 
 wrote from Normandy in 1822, recommending and requesting 
 
502 COMPENDIUM 
 
 him to look after Victurnien d'Esgrignon's interests. Un- 
 fortunately Sorbier was dead, and the letter was delivered to 
 his widow [The Collection of Antiquities, a(i\. 
 
 Sorbier, Madame, wife of the foregoing; she was men- 
 tioned in the letter sent by Chesnel, dated in 1822, introduc- 
 ing Victurnien d'Esgrignon. She simply replied to the mis- 
 sive by turning it over to her late husband's successor, Maitre 
 Cardot. All unconsciously the widow thus served du Bous- 
 quier (du Croisier), the d'Esgrignons' adversaries [The Col- 
 lection of Antiquities, aa\. 
 
 Soria, Don Fernand, Due de, the younger brother of 
 Don Felipe de Macumer, weighed down by his eldest brother's 
 bounty, by his voluntary abandoning to him the Duchy of 
 Soria, and also the hand of Marie Heredia. Soria was not in 
 the least ungrateful ; he suffered deeply for his brother, de 
 Macumer, 1829. On his death he became Fernand Baron de 
 Macumer [Letters of Two Brides, -v]. 
 
 Soria, Duchesse de, nee Marie Heredia, wife of the 
 foregoing ; the daughter of the wealthy Comte Heredia ; she 
 was beloved by both brothers : Don Fernand, Due de Soria, 
 and Don Felipe de Macumer. It was intended that she should 
 marry the latter, but instead, following the dictates of her 
 heart, she married the former. Baron de Macumer having 
 generously renounced her hand in favor of Don Fernand. 
 The duchess preserved a lively memory of his devotion, and 
 later was seen carefully attending him on his death-bed, 1829 
 [Letters of Two Brides, v\. 
 
 Sormano, the "savage" servant of the ArgaYolos* in 
 their exile in Switzerland. A feminine appearing personage 
 under the name of Gina, in the autobiographical novel by 
 Albert Savarus, entitled : ** L'Ambitieux par amour " [Albert 
 Savaron, jf]. 
 
 Souchet, a stockbroker at Paris, whose failure ruined 
 
 * Written also without the diaeresis I. 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE 503 
 
 Guillaume Grandet, brother of the noted cooper at Saumur 
 [Eugenie Grandet, J^]. 
 
 Souchet, Francois, took tlie prize of Rome for sculpture 
 about the beginning of Louis XVIII. 's reign ; he was an inti- 
 mate friend of Hippolyte Schinner; he received his confi- 
 dential relation of his love for Adelaide Leseigneur de Rou- 
 ville, and rallied him about it [The Purse, p\. About 1835, 
 together with Steinbock, Souchet painted the decorations over 
 the doors and fireplaces in the sumptuous mansion of the La- 
 ginskis, Rue de la Pepiniere, Paris [The Imaginary Mis- 
 tress, /l]. To Florine, afterward Mme. Raoul Nathan, he 
 presented a plaster group representing an angel holding a 
 holy water basin, which, in 1834, ornamented the actress' 
 fastidious apartments [A Daughter of Eve, V\ 
 
 Soudry, born in 1773; a quartermaster in the artillery; 
 he protected M. de Soulanges, who was at that time adjutant- 
 general, at the risk of his life. He became a corporal of 
 gendarmes at Soulanges, and, in 1815, married Mile. Cochet, 
 formerly chambermaid to Sophie Laguerre. Six years later 
 he was retired on Montcornet's request, being replaced by 
 Viallet ; but, supported by Gaubertin's influence, he was ap- 
 pointed mayor of Soulanges, and became an avowed and 
 determined enemy to Montcornet. Like Gregoire Rigou, 
 his son's father-in-law, the old gendarme had a mistress under 
 the conjugal roof in the person of his servant Jeannette, who 
 was much younger than Mme. Soudry [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Soudry, Madame, nke Cochet in 1763, wife of the fore- 
 going. She had been chambermaid to Sophie Laguerre, who 
 had owned the Aigues previous to Montcornet, at the time 
 Gaubertin was the steward, and who exploited the ex-opera 
 singer. Twenty years after the burial of her mistress la 
 Cochet married Corporal Soudry, her lover, a fine man, though 
 pitted with smallpox. Under Louis XVIII. Mme. Soudry 
 tried, though with but poor success, to copy the deceased 
 Sophie Laguerre ; she enthroned herself in the midst of the 
 
504 COMPENDIUM 
 
 first society in Soulanges; her salon was frequented by Mont- 
 cornet's adversaries [Tlie Peasantry, JJ]. 
 
 Soudry, the natural son of Soudry, corporal of gendarmes ; 
 his birth was legitimized after the marriage of his father to 
 Mile. Cochet in 1815. On the day that Soudry officially 
 acquired a mother he at once made his way to Paris. He 
 there knew Gaubertin's son ; during his sojourn in that city 
 he became a barrister and was afterward a judge ; but he re- 
 turned to Burgundy in order to engage in practice as an 
 attorney, for which his father paid thirty thousand francs. 
 Soudry soon found himself substitute to the King's procureur 
 in the department of Burgundy, and, about 181 7, public 
 prosecutor under the orders of the attorney-general Bourlac, 
 whom indeed he replaced in 1821, thanks to Francois 
 Gaubertin's favor. He then married Mile. Rigou [The 
 Peasantry, JJ]. 
 
 Soudry (young), Madame, nee Arsene Rigou, wife of the 
 foregoing ; only daughter of the wealthy Gregoire Rigou and 
 Arsene Rigou; she recalled her father by her cunning, sullen 
 nature, and her mother by her beauty [The Peasantry, JS]. 
 
 Soulanges, Comte Leon de, born in 1777, was colonel 
 of the artillery of the Guards in 1800. In the month of 
 November of that year he is found with Malin de Gondreville 
 at his mansion, Paris, on the evening on which he gave a 
 grand festival ; he there met Montcornet, the friend of his 
 regiment, and Mme. de Vaudremont, who had once been his 
 mistress, accompanied by Martial de la Roche-Hugon, her new 
 lover; in order that his deserted wife, Mme. de Soulanges, 
 who had ceased attending society events, but had been drawn 
 to the senator's by Mme. de Lansac with the view of effect- 
 ing a perfect reconciliation between the husband and wife 
 [Peace in the House, J]. Leon de Soulanges had numerous 
 children by his wife ; one son and a number of daughters ; 
 he refused, on account of her youth, one of the latter to 
 become Montcornet's wife ; he made an enemy of the general 
 
COMAdIE HUMAINE. 505 
 
 by this. The count remained faithful to the Bourbons during 
 the Hundred Days ; he was made a peer of France and be- 
 came general of artillery. Distinguished by the Due d'An- 
 goulgme, he was made commander during the Spanish war of 
 1823, and was remarked at the siege of Cadiz as having 
 attained the highest grades in the military hierarchy. M. de 
 Soulanges, who was enormously rich, owned a vast estate in 
 Blangy commune, Burgundy, beside a forest and a castle 
 contiguous to the Aigues, an estate which in former times had 
 belonged to the Soulanges ; in the days of the Crusaders an 
 ancestor of the count had created that demesne. Like his 
 neighbor, M. de RonqueroUes, he received evil reports of 
 Montcornet, and seemed to support Fran9ois Gaubertin, 
 Gregoire Rigou, and Soudry, who were the future marechal's 
 adversaries [The Peasantry, J?]. 
 
 Soulanges, Comtesse Hortense de, wife of the fore- 
 going, niece of the Duchesses de Lansac and de Marigny. In 
 November, 1809, at a ball given by Malin de Gondreville, 
 advised by Madame de Lansac, the countess (who was at that 
 time on bad terms with her husband) triumphed over her 
 proud timidity and charmed Martial de la Roche-Hugon out 
 of a valuable ring which had once been given her by her 
 husband ; de Soulanges had passed it to Mme. de Vaudre- 
 mont, his mistress, who in turn had given it to Roche-Hugon ; 
 this restitution brought about the reconciliation of the house- 
 hold [Peace in the House, j\. Hortense de Soulanges 
 received as an inheritance from Mme. de Marigny, who died 
 about 1820, the estate of Guebriant on a life tenure [The 
 Duchesse de Langlais, hh\ Mme. de Soulanges followed her 
 husband in Spain during the war of 1823 [The Peasantry, J2]. 
 
 Soulanges, Amelie de, the youngest daughter of the fore- 
 going; she would have married Comte Philippe de Bram- 
 bourg, in 1828, only for the disastrous revelations furnished 
 by Bixiou about Joseph Bridau's brother [A Bachelor's Estat> 
 lishment, J\ 
 
606 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Soulanges, Vicomte de, without doubt the brother of the 
 foregoing; in 1836 he was captain of a squad of hussars at 
 Fontainebleau ; with Maxima de Trailles, he was Savinien de 
 Portenduere's second in the duel arranged with Desire Mi- 
 noret, but which was prevented by the death of the latter; 
 the cause of the trouble between the young men was the infa- 
 mous proceedings of the Minoret-Levraults against Ursule 
 Mirouet, the future Comtesse de Portenduere [Ursule Mi- 
 rouet, H.\ 
 
 Soulas, Amedee-Sylvain- Jacques de, born in 1809 ; a 
 gentleman of Besangon, of Spanish origin. (At the time 
 Franche-Comte belonged to Spain, the name was written : 
 Souleyas.) He is found shining brilliantly in the chief place 
 in the Doubs, with an income of forty thousand francs, which 
 allowed him to secure the services of **the tiger Baby las." 
 A disagreement between his fortune and manner of life is 
 shown in the character of this person ; he vainly sought the 
 hand of Rosalie de Watteville, but married her mother, Mme. 
 de Watteville, who had become a widow, about August, 1837 
 [Albert Savaron, /]. 
 
 Soulas, Madame Amedee de, nh Clotilde-Louise de 
 RuPT, in 1798; traits and character: inflexible, hard, light- 
 complexioned, indeed an ardent blonde; in 1815 she married 
 Baron de Watteville, of whom she easily became the governor. 
 She also dominated her daughter Rosalie with equal facility, 
 but tried uselessly to make her marry M. de Soulas. Albert 
 Savarus' presence at Besangon (he was secretly loved by Mile, 
 de Watteville) gave a political color to the Wattevilles' salons, 
 under Louis-Philippe. Weary of her daughter's obstinacy, 
 Mme. de Watteville, become a widow, married M. de Soulas 
 herself; she lived at Paris during the winter months, and re- 
 mained the mistress of the household [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Sparchmann, a surgeon in Heilsberg hospital; he cared 
 for Colonel Chabert after the battle of Eylau [Colonel Cha- 
 bert, i]. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE, 607 
 
 Spencer, Lord, an Englishman, about 1830 bought at a 
 fair price, from Balthazar Claes, the magnificent wood carvings 
 by Van Huysum ; also the portrait of President van Claes, of 
 Flanders, in the sixteenth century — family treasures of which 
 the father of Mesdames de Solis and Pierquin tried to stop the 
 sale [The Quest of the Absolute, J)]. 
 
 Spieghalter, a German mechanic living in Paris, Rue de 
 la Sante, at the beginning of Louis-Philippe's reign. He 
 vainly tried, by the most powerful compression, hammering, 
 and rolling, to extend or stretch the singular Wild Ass* 
 Skin, which had been submitted to him by Raphael de Val- 
 entin, by an introduction from Planchette, a professor of me- 
 chanics [The Wild Ass' Skin, ^]. 
 
 Sponde, Abbe de, born about 1746; was grand vicar to 
 the bishop of Seez. The maternal uncle, guardian, guest, and 
 boarder of Mile. Rose-Victoire du Bousquier {nee Cormon), 
 Alen^on ; he died in 1819, nearly blind, and singularly un- 
 happy through his niece's recent marriage. Entirely detached 
 from worldly interests, he lived an ascetic life, solely occupied 
 in his own salvation, of mortifications, and secret works of 
 charity [The Old Maid, aa\. 
 
 Stael-Holstein, Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, Ba- 
 RONNE DE, daughter of the famous Genevan Necker ; born in 
 Paris, 1 796 ; she became the wife of the Swedish ambassador 
 to France ; was the authoress of '' Germany," " Corinth," and 
 ''Delphi"; she was famous for her struggle against Napo- 
 leon Bonaparte; she was the Due Victor de Broglie's mother- 
 in-law and the real Broglies' grandmother ; she died in the 
 year 181 7. She sojourned during exile in the Vendomois. 
 During her first stay on the banks of the Loire she was 
 saluted by the singular admiring formula: " The noted Garce ! " 
 [The Chouans, JB]. Afterward Mme. de Stael met Louis 
 Lambert, a ragged child who was deeply reading a translation 
 of '' Heaven and Hell," by Swedenborg ; she noticed him and 
 sent hira to be educated at Vendome college, where, among 
 
508 COMPENDIUM 
 
 his Other companions, he met, in 1811, the future minister, 
 Jules Dufaure ; but she forgot her protege [Louis Lambert, iji\. 
 About 1823 Louise de Chaulieu (Mme. Marie-Gaston) believed 
 that Mme. de Stael was still living; she deceased in 181 7 [Let- 
 ters of Two Brides, v\ 
 
 Stanhope, Lady Esther, Pitt's niece, met in Syria and 
 described by the author of '' Travels in the Orient," Lamar- 
 tine ; she sent an Arabian horse to Lady Dudley, which she 
 afterward sold to Felix de Vandenesse in exchange for a Rem- 
 brault [The Lily of the Valley, i]. Mme. de Bargeton was 
 wearied of that " blue stocking of the desert," at Angouleme, 
 in the early years of the Restoration ; she was devoured with 
 envy of her. Lady Esther's father. Count Charles Stanhope, 
 Viscount of Mahon, an English peer, invented a printing-press 
 — the Stanhope — which became celebrated the world over; 
 the avarice and usual routine of Jerome-Nicolas Sechard 
 caused him to decry it to his son [Lost Illusions, _ZV]. 
 
 Staub, German, a noted Parisian tailor, 1821 ; he made 
 Lucien de Rubempre, on credit without a doubt, some clothes 
 which he himself took to try on at the hotel of the Gaillard- 
 Bois, Rue de I'Echelle. Shortly after he again clothed Lu- 
 cien, this time at Coralie's house [A Distinguished Provincial 
 at Paris, M\ 
 
 Steibelt, a celebrated musician who was, at Nantes during 
 the Empire, Felicite des Touches' professor [Beatrix, J*]. 
 
 Steinbock, Comte Wenceslas, born at Prelie, Livonia, 
 1809 ; a nephew of one of Charles XIL's generals. Exiled 
 in his youth he went to live in Paris and, both of vocation 
 and driven by his poverty, became a carver and sculptor. In 
 connection with Francois Souchet, a compatriot of Laginski, 
 he worked on the decoration of that Pole's mansion, Rue de 
 la Pepiniere [The Imaginary Mistress, /i]. Miserably in- 
 stalled on the Rue du Doyenne, he became Lisbeth Fischer's 
 neighbor ; that old maid saved him from suicide, gave him 
 courage, and supported him. Steinbock worked and sue- 
 
COMJ^DIE HUMAINE. 509 
 
 ceeded. By chance his works became known to Hulot 
 d'Ervy, and he became acquainted with him. Steinbock 
 loved his daughter and married her. He received an im- 
 portant commission for a statue from the government, and 
 went to live on the Rue Saint-Dominique-Saint-Germain, near 
 the Esplanades des Invalides, not far from the marble depot, 
 where the State provided a workshop for him. He was 
 directed to erect a monument to Marechal de Montcornet. 
 The vindictive rancor of Lisbeth Fischer, added to his own 
 feeble nature, caused him to fall under the sinister domination 
 of Valerie Marneffe, of whom he became the lover. The 
 same as Stidmann, Vignon, and Massol, he was a witness to 
 the second marriage of that woman. Steinbock returned to 
 the conjugal domicile, in the Rue Louis-le-Grand, about the 
 end of Louis-Philippe's reign ; his dreams seemed beyond his 
 power of execution [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Steinbock, Comtesse Wenceslas, nee Hortense Hulot 
 d'Ervy, wife of the foregoing; the sister and younger of 
 Victorin Hulot. She was handsome, and her parents' position 
 gave her a brilliant standing in society, but she was deprived of 
 her dowry, and chose a husband for herself. She with much 
 difficulty excused her husband's infidelities, and only after 
 he had fully abandoned his conjugal treason. Her brother's 
 sagacious foresight, the inheritance from Marechal Hulot, 
 those also from Lisbeth Fischer and Valerie Crevel, brought 
 opulence into the countess' household ; she lived successively 
 on the Rues de I'Universite, Saint-Dominique-Saint-Germain, 
 and Louis-le-Grand [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Steinbock, Wenceslas, only son of the foregoing; born 
 while his parents lived together; he remained with his mother 
 when they separated [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Steingel, an Alsacian ; the natural son of General Steingel, 
 who succumbed at the opening of the campaign in Italy dur- 
 ing the Republic. About 1823 he was in Burgundy under .*,he 
 command of the head-keeper Michaud, one of the three 
 
510 COMPENDIUM 
 
 keepers on Montcornet's estate [A Historical Mystery, ff — 
 The Peasantry, JK\. 
 
 Stevens, Miss Dinah, born in 1791, the daughter of an 
 English brewer ; plain, economical, and a Puritan ; she owned 
 an income of two hundred and forty thousand francs, which 
 came to her from her father j the Marquise de Vordac, who 
 met her at some watering-place in 1827, spoke of her to her 
 son de Marsay as a good catch ; Marsay pretended that he 
 would marry the heiress ; this he very probably did, for he 
 left a widow who erected a superb monument, the work of 
 Stidmann, over his grave in Pere-Lachaise [A Marriage Settle- 
 ment, aa — Cousin Pons, i»]. 
 
 Stidmann, a noted Parisian carver and sculptor during 
 the Restoration and Louis-Philippe's reign ; Wenceslas Stein- 
 bock's master. He engraved a fox hunt, at a cost of seven 
 thousand francs, on the golden handle, enriched with ru- 
 bies, of a riding-whip which Ernest de la Briere gave to 
 Modeste Mignon [Modeste Mignon, 'K.\ On the request 
 of Fabien de Ronceret, Stidmann undertook the charge of 
 decorating his apartments on the Rue Blanche [Beatrix, J*]. 
 He designed the models of a fire set destined for Hulot d'Ervy ; 
 was one of the number invited by Mile. Brisetout to the inau- 
 guration festival of her little hotel. Rue Chauchat, 1838 ; in 
 the same year he assisted at the celebration of the marriage 
 between Wenceslas Steinbock and Hortense Hulot; he knew 
 Dorlange (Sallenauve) ; like Vignon, Steinbock, and Massol, 
 he was a witness to the second marriage of Valerie Marneflfe 
 to Celestin Crevel ; he was the secret lover of Mme. Steinbock, 
 who was neglected by her husband [The Deputy for Arcis, X>X> 
 — Cousin Betty, ic;]. He executed the tombstones of Charles 
 Keller and de Marsay [Cousin Pons, q6\. Stidmann entered 
 the Institute in 1845 [The Unconscious Mummers, tl\. 
 
 Stopfer, M. and Madame, formerly coopers at Neuchatel ; 
 at Gersau, canton of Lucerne, they kept the Swan Inn, near 
 the lake, 1823, at which Rodolphe descended when he entered 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 511 
 
 that village, the same place in which the Gandolphinis stayed, 
 disguised under the name of Lovelace [*' Ambition for Love's 
 Sake" in Albert Savaron, f\ 
 
 Sucy, General Baron Philippe de, born in 1789. He 
 served under the Empire ; he was present at the passage of the 
 Beresina, where he tried to make sure of the safety of St^hanie 
 de Vandieres, his mistress, and the wife of a general, of whom 
 he afterward lost all trace. Seven years later, when a colonel 
 and officer of the Legion of Honor, he was hunting with a 
 friend, the Marquis d'Albon, near the Isle-Adam, when he 
 discovered Mme. de Vandieres attended by a crazy girl, she 
 herself being also insane ; he kept her and endeavored to 
 secure the return of her reason. In the end he arranged in 
 the middle of his estate at Saint-Germain an exact reproduc- 
 tion of the scene of his ** Farewell" in 1812; as a fact, the 
 lunatic recognized him for a moment, but expired immediately 
 after. Promoted a general, Sucy remained a pr-ey to his in- 
 curable despair, and ended by killing himself [Farewell, ^e], 
 
 Suzanne, Madame Theodore Gaillard's Christian name, 
 under which, in 181 6, she was known by the folk of Alen^on : 
 Valois, Granson, Bousquier, and Lardot [The Old Maid, a(jC\. 
 Suzannet was, with Abbe Vernal, Comte de Fontaine, and 
 M. de Chatillon, one of the four leading Vendeans in the 
 insurrection of the West in 1799 [The Chouans, JB]. 
 
 Suzette was, during the early years of the reign of Louis 
 XVIII. , the chambermaid of Antoinette de Langeais, Paris, 
 about the time that the duchess received Montriveau [The 
 Duchesse de Langeais, 66]. 
 
 Suzon was for a long time Maxime de Trailles* footman 
 [A Man of Business, I — The Deputy for Arcis, DIX]. 
 
 Sylvie, a cook in Mme. Vauquer's boarding-house. Rue 
 Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve, in the years 1819-20, at the time when 
 Jean-Joachim Goriot, Eugene de Rastignac, Jacques Collin, 
 Horace Bianchon, the Poirets, Mme. Couture, and Victorine 
 Taillefer were boarders at that house [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
612 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Tabareau, an officer to the justice of the peace in the 
 eighth* arrondissement, Paris, 1845-46. He was a friend of 
 Fraisier, the man of affairs. Mme. Cibot, the janitor, Rue 
 de Normandie, employed Tabareau to summons Schmucke to 
 make him pay her three thousand one hundred and ninety- 
 two francs due to her by the German and Pons for supplies, 
 rent, small payments, costs, etc. [Cousin Pons, oc\, 
 
 Tabareau, Mademoiselle, the only child of the petty 
 officer Tabareau ; a tall girl, rosy and consumptive ; she was, 
 under the headship of her mother, the proprietor of a house, 
 in the Place Royal ; here it was that she was sought in mar- 
 riage by Fraisier, the business agent and attorney [Cousin 
 Pons, x\. 
 
 Taboureau, once a day-laborer, then, under the Restora- 
 tion, a grain dealer and usurer in the commune of Isere, of 
 which Dr. Benassis was the mayor. A very wrinkled, half- 
 bent, lean man with tightly closed lips, whose chin nearly 
 met his nose, with scanty gray hair slightly touched with 
 black, and as cunning as a horse jockey [The Country 
 Doctor, C\ 
 
 Taillefer, Jean-Frederic, born about 1779 at Beauvais;t 
 he built, in 1799, on the result of a crime, the first makings 
 of his fortune, which was considerable. In a tavern in the 
 vicinity of Andernach, Prussia, Jean-Frederic Taillefer, then 
 an army surgeon, killed and despoiled at night a rich, unwor- 
 thy merchant, M. Walhenfer. He was quite uneasy about this 
 death ; for he overwhelmed his friend, colleague, and com- 
 patriot, Prosper Magnan, with every appearance of guilt, and 
 
 * Now the fourth arrondissement. 
 
 f The Taillefers are still in existence there. (This detail is furnished 
 by an inhabitant of Beauvais.) 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 513 
 
 he was executed. Returning to Paris Taillefer was from that 
 time an honored, opulent personage. Captain of the first com- 
 pany of grenadiers in the National Guard, an influential 
 banker and a lucky speculator, who made much by Nucingen's 
 third speculation ; he was twice married ; he ill-treated his 
 first wife, a relative of Mme. Couture, who gave him two 
 children : Frederic-Michel and Victorine. He owned a 
 magnificent mansion on the Rue Joubert. Under Louis- 
 Philippe he gave superb fetes, senciing invitations to Blondet, 
 Rastignac, Valentin, Cardot, Aquilina de la Garde, and Eu- 
 phraisie. M. Taillefer nevertheless suffered both morally and 
 physically: first for the crime committed by him, and then 
 from remorse in the autumn about the anniversary of the 
 time when the deed was committed ; then, according to Dr. 
 Brousson, he had gout in the head. Well cared for by his 
 second wife and by his daughter by his first marriage, Jean- 
 Frederic expired some time after an ostentatious rout given 
 by him. One evening passed in the salon of a banker, the 
 father of Mile. Fanny, hastened Taillefer's end, for he was 
 compelled to listen to the recital of Hermann, who related 
 the unique martyrdom of Magnan. The invitation to his 
 funeral read as follows : 
 
 You are begged to assist at the funeral and burial service of 
 
 M. JEAN-FR£DERIC TAILLEFER, 
 
 of the firm of Taillefer & Co., sometime contractor of provisions to the 
 Army, late Chevalier of the Legion of Honor and of the Order of the 
 Golden Spur, Captain of the First Company of Grenadiers of the National 
 Guard, Paris ; who died May 1st, at his house on the Rue Joubert. The 
 interment will take place, etc. On behalf of, etc.^ etc. 
 
 [The Firm of Nucingen, «— Father Goriot, 6r— The Wild 
 Ass' Skin, ^— The Red House, d\ 
 
 Taillefer, Madame, first wife of the foregoing and the 
 33 
 
614 COMPENDIUM 
 
 mother of Frederic-Michel and Victorine Taillefer. Exposed 
 to the bad treatment of her husband, who had unjust suspicions 
 of her adultery, she died of grief, while she was, without a 
 doubt, still quite young [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Taillefer, Madame, Jean-Frederic Taillefer's second wife, 
 whom he married as a good speculation, but who nevertheless 
 made him happy. She seems to have cared for and been de- 
 voted to him [The Red House, e^]. 
 
 Taillefer, Frederic-Michel, the son by Jean-Fred6ric 
 Taillefer's first wife ; he did not attempt to defend his sister 
 Victorine against her father's unjust persecutions. He was the 
 designated heir of the whole of his father's immense fortune, 
 but he was killed in a duel, fought near Clignancourt, 1819, 
 by Colonel Franchessini, at the instigation of Jacques Collin, 
 in the interest of, although he was ignorant of the fact, Eugene 
 de Rastignac [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Taillefer, Victorine, Jean-Frederic Taillefer's daughter 
 by his first wife and sister of the foregoing ; a distant cousin 
 of Mme. Couture; orphaned of her mother in 1819; in her 
 father's eyes she was looked upon as born of the adulterous 
 relations of her mother ; turned out of the paternal dwelling 
 she sought refuge in Mme. Vauquer's boarding-house. Rue 
 Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve, with her relation the widow Couture ; 
 she was there smitten by Eugene de Rastignac ; by the death 
 of her brother she became the heiress of her father's vast 
 wealth. She carefully looked after him on his death-bed of 
 agony. Victorine Taillefer undoubtedly remained a spinster 
 [Father Goriot, O— The Red House, d\ 
 
 Talleyrand- Perigord, Charles-Maurice de, Prince de 
 Benevent, bishop of Autun, ambassador and minister; born 
 in Paris in 1754; died there, in his hotel on the Rue Saint- 
 Florentin,* 1838. Talleyrand was occupied in the insurrec- 
 tionary movement in Brittany, under the direction of the 
 
 ♦Alexander I., Emperor of Russia, sojourned in this hdtel; it was 
 really owned and occupied by Baron Alphonse de Rothschild. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE, 515 
 
 Marquis de Montauran, about 1799 [The Chouans, J5]. The 
 year following, June, 1800, on the eve of the battle of 
 Marengo, M. de Talleyrand conferred with Malin de Gondre- 
 ville, Fouche, Carnot, and Sieyes on the political situation. In 
 1804 he received M. de Chargeboeuf, M. d'Hauteserre senior, 
 and Abbe Goujet, who waited upon him to request the re- 
 instatement of Robert and Adrien d'Hauteserre and Paul- 
 Marie and Marie-Paul de Simeuse and the removal of their 
 names from the list of emigrants; afterward when they were 
 condemned, though innocent, of Senator Malin's abduction, 
 he used his best efforts to have them pardoned, on the petition 
 of Maitre Bordin and the said Marquis de Chargeboeuf. At 
 the time of the execution of the Due d'Enghien, which he had 
 perhaps advised, he is found at Mme. de Luynes', where he 
 gave the news and the precise hour when the deed was done. 
 M. de Talleyrand dearly loved Antoinette de Langeais. 
 Friendly with the Chaulieus he was particularly familiar with 
 their nearest relative, the old Princesse de Vauremont, who 
 appointed him her executor [A Historical Mystery, ff — The 
 Duchesse de Langeais, hb — Letters of Two Brides, v\. Fritot, 
 when he sold his famous Selim shawl to Mrs. Noswell, showed 
 an address and finesse that would have duped our illustrious 
 diplomat : indeed, one day, when his wife hesitated between 
 two bracelets, Talleyrand asked the clerk who brought them 
 which one was the most to his taste, and advised her to pur- 
 chase the one which had been discarded by the shopman 
 [Gaudissart IL, lfl\. 
 
 Tarlowski, a Pole ; colonel in the Imperial Guards j an 
 ordnance officer under Napoleon Bonaparte; the friend of 
 Poniatowski ; he married Bourlac's daughter [The Seamy Side 
 of History, T]. 
 
 Tascheron, born about 1799 ; a very honest, small farmer 
 in the market-town of Montegnac, about nine leagues from 
 Limoges; he left there during the month of May, 1829, im- 
 mediately after the capital execution of his son Jean-Fran9ois. 
 
516 COMPENDIUM 
 
 With his wife, children and parents, he sailed for America; 
 he prospered there and founded the village of Tascheron, in 
 the State of Ohio, U. S. A. [The Country Parson, F\ , 
 
 Tascheron, Jean-Francois, one of the sons of the fore- 
 going, born about 1805 ; he was a worker in porcelain, being 
 employed successively by Messrs. Graslin and Philippart ; 
 during the reign of Charles X. he committed a triple crime, 
 but, as he was of such excellent antecedents, it for a long time 
 remained an inexplicable mystery. Jean-Frangois Tascheron 
 loved the wife of his first employer, Pierre Graslin, and was 
 beloved by her : in order to prepare for their flight together, 
 he one night entered the house of Pingret, a wealthy and 
 miserly gardener, in the faubourg Saint-Etienne ; from him he 
 stole a sum of money, and, thinking to assure himself against 
 discovery, killed the old man and his servant, Jeanne Malassis. 
 Arrested and sentenced to death, he refused to confess, and 
 always did everything to avoid compromising his mistress, 
 Mme. Graslin. He was deaf to the prayers of the almoner 
 Pascal, and refused to see any other visitors than Abbe Bon- 
 net, his mother, and Denise Gerard (then Denise Tascheron): 
 at their instance he restored a notable portion of the hundred 
 thousand francs he had stolen, and was executed in August, 
 1829, in the Place de I'Aine (a corruption of the word Arene), 
 Limoges. Jean-Frangois was Francis Graslin's natural father 
 [The Country Parson, F\ 
 
 Tascheron, Louis-Marie, one of the brothers of the 
 foregoing ; together with Denise Tascheron, afterward Denise 
 Gerard, he accomplished a double mission : he destroyed the 
 traces of Jean-Francois' crime, which protected Mme. Graslin 
 against any treachery, and returned the balance of the stolen 
 money to the heirs of Pingret — M. and Mme. des Vanneaulx 
 [The Country Parson, ~F'\. 
 
 Tascheron, Denise, one of the sisters of the foregoing. 
 See Gerard, Madame Gregoire. 
 
 Taupin, cure of Soulanges ; cousin of the Sarcus' and the 
 
CO Mi: DIE HUMAINE. 617 
 
 miller Sarcus-Taupin. He was a clever man, happy, and was 
 in good odor with his parishioners [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Temninck, De, Due de Casa-Real, Balthazar Claes' 
 brother. See Casa-Real, Due de. 
 
 Thelusson, a banker ; Lemprun was one of his employi^s 
 before he entered on his duties as messenger in the Bank of 
 France [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Therese was Mme. de Nucingen's chambermaid, under 
 the Restoration and Louis-Philippe [Father Goriot, 6r — A 
 Daughter of Eve, Y\ 
 
 Therese was Mme. Xavier Rabourdin's chambermaid, Rue 
 Duphot, Paris, 1824 [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Therese, Mme. de Rochefide's chambermaid, at the close 
 of the reign of Charles X. and under that of Louis- Philippe 
 [Beatrix, !>]. 
 
 Therese, Sister, the name uiider which died, after taking 
 the veil, Antoinette de Langeais, who had sought refuge in a 
 convent of barefooted Carmellites, on a Spanish island — with- 
 out doubt the' He de Leon [The Duchesse de Langeais, 66]. 
 
 Terrasse & Duclos, keepers of the records at the Palais, 
 1822; they were successfully consulted at that time by Gode- 
 schal [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
 Thibon, Baron, chief of the bar of accounts, 1818; he 
 had been C6sar Birotteau's colleague at the tribunal of com- 
 merce [C6sar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Thirion, doorkeeper of Louis XVIIL's cabinet; he fre- 
 quented the Ragons, and was invited to the famous ball given 
 by Cesar Birotteau, December 17, 1818, together with his 
 wife and daughter Amelie, a pupil of Servin, who married 
 Camusot de Marville [The Vendetta, i — Cesar Birotteau, 0\ 
 The emoluments of his office, obtained by favor but merited 
 by his zeal, allowed him to make great savings, which became 
 the succession of the Camusots de Marville [The Collection 
 of Antiquities, aa\. 
 
 Thomas was the owner of a great house in Brittany that 
 
518 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Marie de Verneuil (Mme. Alphonse de Montauran) bought 
 for Francine Cottin, her chambermaid, Thomas' niece [The 
 Chouans, ^]. 
 
 Thomas, Madame, was a modiste in Paris about the end 
 of Charles X.'s reign; this was the place to which Frederic 
 de Nucingen should have sent his servant for a " black satin 
 bonnet lined with pink and trimmed with lace," but his thick 
 Alsacian pronunciation made it ''Montame Domas," and 
 the coachman drove to a famous pastry cook's ; the bon- 
 net was intended for Esther van Gobseck [The Harlot's 
 Progress, Y]. 
 
 Thomire materially contributed to the famous festival 
 given by Frederic Taillefer in his mansion, Rue Joubert, Paris, 
 1831 [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\. 
 
 Thorec, an anagram of Hector and one of the three names 
 taken by Baron Hector Hulot d'Ervy after his flight from the 
 conjugal domicile [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Therein, a carpenter who was employed in the improving 
 of Cesar Birotteau's apartments some days before the famous 
 ball given by the perfumer, December 17, 181 8 [Cesar Birot- 
 teau, O]. 
 
 Thoul, an anagram of the word Hulot, and one of the 
 three names taken by Baron Hector Hulot d'Ervy after his 
 flight from the conjugal domicile [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Thouvenin, a famous artist, but unreliable workman ; in 
 1818 he was commissioned by Mme. Anselme Popinot (then 
 Mile. Birotteau) to . rebind the works of Bossuet, Racine, 
 Voltaire, J. J. Rousseau, Montesquieu, Moliere, Buffon, De- 
 lille, Fenelon, Bunardin de Saint-Pierre, Lafontaine, Carneille, 
 Pascal, etc., for the perfumer Cesar Birotteau [Cesar Birot- 
 teau, O]. Thouvenin was an artist who was in love with his 
 own works — the same as Servais ; he was fully appreciated by 
 Elie Magus [Cousin Pons, a?]. 
 
 Thuillier was the first porter in the Bureau of Finance, in 
 the second part of the eighteenth century ; by furnishing 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 519 
 
 meals to the employes his place was worth a good four thou- 
 sands francs per annum. He was married and the father of 
 two children — Marie-Jeanne-Brigitte and Louis-Jerome. He 
 retired about 1806, was a widower from 1810, and died in 
 1 81 4. He was generally called "Fat Father Thuillier" [Les 
 Employes, cc — The Middles Classes, ee\. 
 
 Thuillier, Marie-Jeanne-Brigitte, daughter of the fore- 
 going, born in 1787; she was of an independent nature and 
 sound character ; she accepted a single life to become, in some 
 sort, the ambitious mother of her brother Louis-Jerome, four 
 years younger than herself. She commenced in business by 
 sewing cash-bags for the Bank of France ; she afterward did a 
 bit of bill discounting ; she exploited her debtors, and, among 
 others, talked plainly to Fleury, Thuillier's colleague in the 
 Bureau of Finance. When she was rich she knew the Lem- 
 pruns and the Galards ; she coveted their little fortune, of 
 which the heiress was Celeste, her she chose as a wife for her 
 brother Louis-Jerome. After their marriage she formed one 
 of the household of her brother ; she was also one of Mile. 
 Colleville's godmothers ; on the Rue Saint-Dominique d'Enfer 
 and the Place Madeleine she was frequently visited by Th6o- 
 dose de la Peyrade, who vainly sought the hand of the future 
 Mme. Felix Phellion [Les Employes, cc — The Middle 
 Classes, 6^]. 
 
 Thuillier, Louis- Jerome, the brother and younger of the 
 foregoing, born in 1791. Thanks to his father's position he 
 entered the Bureau of Finance as an employe at an early age. 
 He was exempted from military service owing to myopia; in 
 1814 he married the wealthy Galard's grandchild. Celeste 
 Leraprun. Ten years later he is found as a compiling-clerk 
 in Xavier Rabourdin's office, in the division superintended 
 by Flamet de la Billardiere. His fine appearance secured 
 him a good time, which continued long after his marriage, 
 but was arrested by the Restoration ; for with the peace came 
 a horde of handsome men who had escaped from the fields of 
 
520 COMPENDIUM 
 
 battle. Among the number of his conquests in gallantry can 
 be cited that of Mme. Flavie Colleville, the wife of a colleague 
 and intimate friend of his ; of their illicit relations was born 
 Celeste Colleville (Mme. Felix Phellion). He was second 
 clerk for two years, from January 5, 1828, until he was dis- 
 missed the bureau in 1830, owing to the Revolution. The 
 clerks lost in him an amateur of jokes and pleasantries. 
 Thrown out of the administration Thuillier displayed his 
 activity in other matters. Brigitte, his sister and elder, threw 
 the management of her property into his hands, for she bought 
 a house on the Rue Saint-Dominique into which they went to 
 live, removing from their old residence on the Rue d'Argen- 
 teuil; the former house had once belonged to President 
 Lecamus and then to the painter Petitot. The egotistical 
 vanity of Thuillier, who had become a stout bourgeois, know- 
 ing and important, was fulsomely flattered by Theodose de la 
 Peyrade when he became one of his tenants. Thuillier owned 
 and managed the ''Echo de la Bi^vre," which he bought to 
 assist him in his canvass for deputy in 1840 ; he bought a 
 second house, Place de la Madeleine, and was elected coun- 
 cilor-general of the Seine to fill the place left vacant by the 
 death of J. J. Popinot [Les Employes, cc — The Middle 
 Classes, ee\. 
 
 Thuillier, Madame, nee Celeste Lemprun, 1794, wife 
 of the foregoing ; the only daughter and child of the oldest 
 messenger in the Bank of France ; and, on the maternal side, 
 Galard's granddaughter — he was a rich truck-gardener of 
 Auteuil ; she was a lymphatic blonde, sad, gentle, religious, 
 and sterile. As a married woman Mme. Thuillier was pliant 
 under the despotism of her sister-in-law, Marie- Jeanne-Brigitte; 
 she found some consolation in the affection of Celeste Colle- 
 ville, and, about 1841, contributed in some measure to the 
 marriage of her goddaughter [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Tiennette, born in 1769 ; a woman of Brittany who wore 
 the costume of her country at Nemours, 1829 j she was the 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 521 
 
 devoted servant of the dowager Mme. de Portendu^re, on 
 the Rue des Bourgeois* [Ursule Mirouet, S\ 
 
 Tillet, Ferdinand du, was only entitled to the Christian 
 name, which was given him in 1793, on Saint-Ferdinand's 
 day, by the curate at the church du Tillet, a village near 
 Andelys. Ferdinand was the son of some unknown great 
 lord and a poor peasant-woman of Normandy, who was con- 
 fined of him at night under a walnut tree in the garden of the 
 priest's house. The priest received the seduced woman's son 
 when newly born and cared for him. His protector dead, 
 Ferdinand resolved to make his way in the world ; he took 
 the name of his hamlet, and became first of all a drummer or 
 commercial traveler; and in 18 14 was head clerk in the per- 
 fumery house of Birotteau, Rue Saint-Honore, Paris. Du 
 Tillet vainly tried to captivate Constance Birotteau, his em- 
 ployer's wife ; he also stole three thousand francs from the 
 merchant's safe. He was informed of the theft and pardoned, 
 but it was an offense to du Tillet which he never forgave. He 
 left the perfumer and started as a banker ; was Mme. Roguin's 
 lover; he was also mixed up in Maitre Roguin's and Charles 
 Claparon's affairs in a financial conspiracy called '*the Made- 
 leine lands," the prime cause of Birotteau's bankruptcy; at 
 the same time it made his own fortune, 1818. Du Tillet was 
 already a lynx of Nucingen's, with whom he was intimate, 
 and he frequently visited him ; he was Mile. Malvina d'Ald- 
 rigger's lover; he did something for the Kellers; was the 
 protector of the provincial Royalist, Tiphaine; he crushed 
 Birotteau and triumphed over him, on the same December 17, 
 1818, the evening of the perfumer's famous ball; together 
 with Jules Desmarets and Benjamin de la Billardiere he 
 is pointed out as a distinctive type of a man of the world 
 [Cesar Birotteau, O — The Firm of Nucingen, t — The Middle 
 Classes, ee — A Bachelor's Establishment, e/— Pierrette, i]. 
 When launched in business M. du Tillet seldom left the 
 
 * Now the Rue Bezout. 
 
522 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Chaussee d'Antin, which was the financial quarter of Paris 
 during the Restoration and the reign of Louis-Philippe. He 
 received Birotteau as a suppliant and gave him a letter of 
 recommendation to Nucingen, which was in reality a request 
 that the banker would do nothing for the unfortunate per- 
 fumer. This was done by means of a scheme devised between 
 the two men : if the letter was written without any dots over 
 the /'s, it was to be understood in the opposite sense to the 
 reading ; du Tillet by this voluntary omission was the ruin of 
 the unfortunate Birotteau. He had his bank on the Rue 
 Joubert, when Rodolphe Castanier, the faithless cashier, de- 
 spoiled Nucingen [Melmoth Reconciled, e^]. Ferdinand du 
 Tillet was already a person of importance when Lucien de 
 Rubempre made his first appearance in Paris, 182 1 [A Dis- 
 tinguished Provincial at Paris, JST]. Ten years later he mar- 
 ried the youngest daughter of Comte de Granville, a peer of 
 France, "one of the most celebrated names in the French 
 magistracy." He resided in one of the beautiful mansions 
 on the Rue Neuve-des-Mathurins, now known as the Rue des 
 Mathurins; Mme. Rougin remained his mistress for a long 
 time; he often put in an appearance at Mme. d'Espard's 
 house, faubourg Saint-Honore, where he is found on the day 
 that Diane de Cadignan was slandered in the presence of 
 Daniel d'Arthez, who was smitten by her. With Massol and 
 Raoul Nathan he founded a great newspaper, which was in- 
 tended to serve his financial interests. He tried to embarrass 
 Nathan by an accumulation of debts ; he became a candidate 
 for deputy to succeed Nucingen, who had been made a peer 
 of France ; this time he again triumphed, for he was elected 
 [The Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, ^ — A Daughter of 
 Eve, Y\ M. du Tillet did not spare Maxime de Trailles, 
 his debtor, for he pursued him pitilessly until the count be- 
 came the electoral agent of the government in Champagne 
 [The Deputy for Arcis, _DX)]. He was present at the f6te 
 given by Josepha Mirah at the inauguration of her little man- 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 623 
 
 sion, Rue de la Ville-rEv§que; C^lestin Crevel and Valerie 
 Marneffe invited him to their wedding [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 About the close of the Monarchy of July, when a deputy of 
 the Left Centre, Ferdinand du Tillet kept Seraphine Sinet, 
 an opera ballet-girl more familiarly known as Carabine, in 
 most magnificent style [The Unconscious Mummers, if]. 
 There exists a biography of Ferdinand du Tillet from the 
 brilliant pen of M. Jules Claretie — in ''Le Temps," of Sep- 
 tember 5, 1884: *' La Vie a Paris." 
 
 Tillet, Madame Ferdinand du, nee Marie- Eugenie de 
 Granville, 18 14, wife of the foregoing. One of the Comte 
 and Comtesse de Granville's four children, the younger sister 
 of Mme. Felix de Vandenesse; a blonde like her mother; 
 she found in marriage, from 1831, the same chagrins that 
 had clouded her years of adolescence. The natural frolic- 
 someness of Eugenie du Tillet had no outlet save in the 
 company of her eldest sister, Angelique-Marie, and their old 
 professor of harmony, W. Schmucke ; for the two sisters tried 
 to forget the rigid piety of the paternal roof by abandoning 
 it as soon as possible ; the rigors of their mother were as bad 
 as those of a convent. Poor in the midst of luxury, neglected 
 by her husband, and bound down under an inflexible yoke, 
 Mme. du Tillet was unable to help her sister — then Mme. de 
 Vandenesse — in furnishing some cash to assist Raoul Nathan 
 in his work, who had excited a passion for him in her sister's 
 breast ; nevertheless she was able to furnish two precious auxil- 
 iaries : Delphine de Nucingen and W. Schmucke. Mme. du 
 Tillet had some children by her marriage [A Daughter of 
 Eve, F]. 
 
 Tinteniac, known by his participation in the affair at 
 Quiberon ; he had among his trusty friends Jacques Horeau. 
 who was executed, in 1809, with the Chauffeurs of I'Orne 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Tinti, Clarina, born in Sicily about 1803; was an inn 
 servant when her superb voice was remarked by a great lord 
 
524 COMPENDIUM 
 
 and compatriot, the Due Cataneo, who had her instructed. At 
 sixteen years of age she made her debut with great brilliancy 
 on divers Italian stages. In 1820 she was the prima donna 
 assoluta at the Fenise theatre, Venice. Loved by the famous 
 tenor Genovese, la Tinti was constantly engaged to sing with 
 him. An ardent courtesan, beautiful and capricious, Clarina 
 was smitten by Prince Emilio de Varese, who was the Duchess 
 Cataneo's lover, and in a moment she became the mistress of 
 that last descendant of the Memmi ; the ruined palace belong- 
 ing to Varese, which Cataneo had rented for la Tinti, shel- 
 tered their ephemeral relations [Massimilla Doni, ff^ In 
 the winter of 1823-24, at the home of Prince Gandolphini, 
 Geneva, Clarina Tinti sang with Genovese, the princess, and 
 an Italian exiled prince, the celebrated quartette : *'Mi manca 
 la voce " [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Tiphaine, of Provins, brother of Mme. Guenee-Galardon ; 
 rich, like her, and awaiting his father's succession ; he em- 
 braced a magisterial career; married the granddaughter of 
 Chevrel, a great banker at Paris; had two children by his 
 marriage ; presided over the court in his native town, about 
 the end of Charles X.'s reign. He was then a fervent Roy- 
 alist, protected by the financiers Ferdinand du Tillet and 
 Frederic de Nucingen, and fought against Gouraud, Vinet, 
 and Rogron, the local representatives of the Liberal party; 
 for a long time he supported their victim, Pierrette Lorrain. 
 Tiphaine accommodated himself to the ** revolutionary" Louis- 
 Philippe, under whose reign he became a deputy ; he was 
 "one of the most esteemed orators of the Centre" ; he was 
 appointed judge to the Court of First Instance of the Seine, 
 and, shortly after, first president of the Royal Court [Pier- 
 rette, i]. 
 
 Tiphaine, Madame, nee Mathilde-Melanie Roguin, in 
 the early yecrs of the nineteenth century ; the only daughter of 
 a rich notary of Paris, known by his fraudulent bankruptcy in 
 1819 ; on the maternal side she was the granddaughter of 
 
CO MED IE nUMAINE. 525 
 
 Chevrel, the banker; and also distant cousin of the Guil- 
 laumes, Lebas, and Sommervieux. Before her marriage she 
 frequented the painter Servin's studio; there she was the 
 " malicious oracle" of the Liberal party, and, together with 
 Laure, took the part of Ginevra di Piombo against Amelie 
 Thirion, the head of the aristocratic group [The Vendetta, /]. 
 Smart, pretty, coquettish, correct, and a fine Parisian, she was 
 protected by Mme. Roguin's lover, Ferdinand du Tillet ; she 
 enthroned herself in Provins, in the midst of the Guenee 
 family, which was represented by Mesdames Galardon, Le-. 
 sourd, Martener, and Auffray; she welcomed and defended 
 Pierrette Lorrain ; she was riddled by the railleries of the Ro- 
 grons' salon [Pierrette, 'l\. 
 
 Tissot, Pierre-Francois, born March lo, 1768, at Ver- 
 sailles; died April 7, 1854; was general secretary of the 
 commission on subsistence in 1793; the successor of Jacques 
 Delille in the chair of Latin poetry at the College de France ; 
 an academician in 1833 ; the author of a number of historical 
 and literary works ; under the Restoration was editor-in-chief 
 of the *' Pilote," a radical sheet which gave to the provinces, 
 some hours after the national gazettes, a special edition of the 
 news of the day. Horace Bianchon in it inserted the death 
 of Frederic-Michel Taillefer, 18 19, who had been killed in a 
 duel by Franchessini [Father Goriot, 6r]. Under Louis- 
 Philippe, at the time of the bubbling activity of Charles- 
 Edouard Rusticoli de la Palferine, who vainly sought a career, 
 Tissot plead from his rostrum for the cause, the aspirations, 
 and the rights of the youthful agitators and discontented 
 [A Prince of Bohemia, JE'F\ 
 
 Tito, a young and handsome Italian, who, in 1823, carried 
 la laberia e denaro to Prince and Princess Gandolphini, who 
 were then in exile, poor, and hiding at Gersau, Lucerne, 
 under the English name of Lovelace [^* Ambition for Love's 
 Sake," in Albert Savaron,/]. 
 
 Toby, born in. Ireland about 1807; also called Joby and 
 
526 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Paddy; during the Restoration, de Beaudenord's ** tiger," 
 Quai Malaquais, Paris ; a model of vicious precocity ; he ac- 
 quired in the exercise of his functions a kind of celebrity 
 which reflected itself on the future son-in-law of Mme. d'Al- 
 drigger [The Firm of Nucingen, t\. Under Louis-Philippe, 
 Toby served the Due Georges de Maufrigneuse, Rue Miro- 
 mesnil [The Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, z\. 
 
 Tonnelet, Maitre, notary, son-in-law of M. Gravier, 
 Isdre, who frequented Benassis' and was one of the collabora- 
 tors of that benevolent doctor. Tonnelet was thin, pallid, 
 of medium height, habitually dressed in black, and wore 
 spectacles [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Tonsard, Mother, a peasant-woman of Burgundy, born 
 in 1745 ; was one of the most formidable enemies that Mont- 
 cornet, the owner of the Aigues, and his head-keeper, Justin 
 Michaud, had. She killed the favorite hound belonging to 
 the keeper, and she scratched the bark off. around the trunks 
 of the trees of the forest just beneath the surface of the ground 
 in order to kill the wood. A reward of one thousand francs 
 was offered for the detection of the author of this felony ; so 
 Mother Tonsard allowed herself to be denounced by her 
 granddaughter, Marie Tonsard, to bring that sum of money 
 into the family ; she was condemned to five years in prison, 
 which she most likely did not serve. Mother Bonndbault 
 committed the same crimes as Mother Tonsard ; they quar- 
 reled as to which one of the two should be denounced for 
 their advantage, and finished by deciding in favor of it being 
 Mother Tonsard [The Peasantry, 2^]. 
 
 Tonsard, Francois, son of the foregoing, born about 
 1773 ; was a field laborer, smart enough for anything ; he had 
 a hereditary talent, as shown by his name, for pruning trees, 
 elms, and hedges. Lazy and cunning, Frangois Tonsard was 
 given an acre of land by Sophie Laguerre, the owner of the 
 Aigues before Montcornet, upon which he built, in 1795, ^ 
 tavern called the Grand I Vert. He was saved from the req- 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 527 
 
 uisition by Frangois Gaubertin, the Aigues' steward at that 
 time, at the request of Mile. Cochet, their common mistress. 
 Then he married, and Gaubertin became the lover of his wife, 
 Philippine Fourchon ; he was allowed to poach freely, and 
 the Tonsard family could do their own will on the Aigues 
 estate ; they completely furnished themselves with wood from 
 the forest, fed two cows at the expense of the owner, and were 
 represented during the harvest by seven gleaners. Constrained 
 by the active surveillance of Gaubertin's successor, Justin 
 Michaud, Tonsard assassinated him one night, in 1823, and 
 later took part in the dismemberment of Montcornet's estate, 
 which was sold in lots [The Peasantry, J^. 
 
 Tonsard, Madame, nee Philippine Fourchon, wife of 
 the foregoing; the daughter of Fourchon, Mouche's natural 
 grandfather ; she was tall and well made ; a country beauty ; 
 of dissolute manners and depraved tastes ; she made the suc- 
 cess of the Grand I Vert not less by her culinary talents than 
 her easy coquetry. By her marriage she had four children : 
 two boys and two girls [The Peasantry, _R]. 
 
 Tonsard, Jean-Louis, born about 1801, son of the fore- 
 going and perhaps ofFrangois Gaubertin, of whom Philippine 
 Tonsard was the mistress. Exempted from military service in 
 1821 by a pretended malady in the muscles of his right arm 
 (by the protection of Soudry, Rigou, and Gaubertin), Jean- 
 Louis Tonsard became one of Montcornet's and Michaud's 
 adversaries. He was the lover of Annette, Rigou's servant 
 [The Peasantry, j^]. 
 
 Tonsard, Nicolas, younger brother of the foregoing and 
 the masculine likeness and attendant of his sister Catherine ; 
 he brutally pursued, with his sister's complicity, Niseron's 
 granddaughter Genevieve, surnamed '*Pechina," whom he 
 tried to violate [The Peasantry, U]. 
 
 Tonsard, Catherine. See Godain, Madame. 
 
 Tonsard, Marie, sister of the foregoing; she had their 
 libertine manners and ferocious temper. Bonnebault's mis- 
 
528 COMPENDIUM 
 
 tress, she went to the Cafd de la Paix at Soulanges and at- 
 tacked Aglae Socquard, of whom she was ferociously jealous, 
 and who had been sought in marriage by her lover [The 
 Peasantry, Jf^]. 
 
 Tonsard, Reine, without being bound to the foregoing 
 by the ties of relationship, she was known to all of them, and, 
 although most ugly, was the mistress of the son of the Oliviers, 
 janitors of Valerie Marneffe-Crevel ; for a long time she was 
 the confidential chambermaid of that married courtesan ; but, 
 bribed by Jacqueline Collin, she finished by betraying and 
 ruining the Crevel household [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Tony, Louis de I'Estorade's coachman about 1840 [The 
 Deputy for Arcis, I>jy\. 
 
 Topinard, born about 1805 ; an understrapper and overseer 
 of the accessories and properties in the theatre managed by 
 Felix Gaudissart ; he trimmed the argand lamps and made 
 one in the tableaux ; he was afterward charged with the duty 
 of storing the orchestral copies and placing them on the 
 musicians' stands; he went every day to the Rue de Nor- 
 mandie to get news of Sylvain Pons, who was stricken with a 
 mortal disease, in the latter part of April, 1845 'i together with 
 Fraisier, Villemot, and the broker Sonet he was a pall-bearer at 
 the funeral of the cousin of the Camusots de Marville. As they 
 left Pere-Lachaise, Topinard, who lived in the Cit6 Bordin, 
 Rue de Bondy,* in the rear of the Porte Saint-Martin theatre, 
 had compassion on Schmucke, and ended by receiving him 
 as his guest. Topinard was afterward appointed cashier by 
 Gaudissart, but he nearly lost his position for having tried to 
 defend Schmucke's interests, which were opposed to those of 
 Pons* legitimate heirs; nevertheless Topinard assisted the 
 dying Schmucke ; he alone followed the German's remains, 
 and took care to have him buried by the side of Sylvain Pons 
 [Cousin Pons, ac], 
 
 * This is evidently the Cit6 Riverin, 74 Rue de Bondy, opened in 1829 
 by the mechanician Riverin. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 529 
 
 Topinard, Madame Rosalie, wife of the foregoing, born 
 about 1815, her maiden-name being Lolotte ; she was engaged 
 in the chorus during the management of Gaudissart's prede- 
 cessor, of whom she was the mistress. The victim of her 
 lover's bankruptcy, she became a box-keeper and assisted the 
 costumiers under the ensuing administration, 1834-45. She 
 had first lived in concubinage with Topinard, who afterward 
 married her; by him she had three children. She attended 
 Pons' requiem mass; after Schmucke was welcomed in the 
 Cite Bordin by her husband, she watched over the last mo- 
 ments of the musician [Cousin Pons, Q(^\ 
 
 Topinard, the eldest son of the foregoing, figured on the 
 stage in Gaudissart's company [Cousin Pons, cc]. 
 
 Topinard, Olga, sister of the foregoing; a blonde with 
 flaxen hair; she was quite young and of the German type; 
 this particularly drew to her Schmucke's affection, when he 
 was installed in the house of the understrapper in Gaudissart's 
 theatre [Cousin Pons, 05] . 
 
 Torlonia, Due, a name cited by Baron de Nucingen, 
 December, 1829, as being that of one of his friends ; he pro- 
 nounced it ''Dorlonia." The duke had ordered a magnifi- 
 cent, carpet, of which he considered the cost was too much ; 
 the baron bought it to ornament the " leetle balace " of 
 Esther van Gobseck, Rue Saint-Georges. Due Torlonia be- 
 longed to a famous Roman family, very hospitable to strangers, 
 and of French origin. The primitive name was Tourlogne 
 [The Harlot's Progress, Y\ 
 
 Torpille, La, Esther van Gobseck's nickname. 
 
 Touchard, father and son, formerly of Toulouse, during 
 the Restoration, ran a service of vehicles from No. 51 Riie du 
 Faubourg Saint-Denis, Paris, to Beaumont-sur-Oise, at the 
 time when Pierrotin was the messager-conducteur between Paris 
 and risle Adam [A Start in Life, s\ 
 
 Touches, Mademoiselle Felicite des, born at Gudrande 
 in 1 791; a relative of the Grandlieus ; in no way connected with 
 34 
 
530 COMPENDIUM 
 
 the family des Touches of Touraine, to which the ambassador 
 of the Regency belonged, who was more celebrated as a comic 
 poet. She found herself an orphan in 1793 : her father, major 
 of the guards of the gates, was killed in the march on the 
 Tuileries, August 10, 1792; her younger brother, a young guard 
 in the corps, was massacred at Carmes ; finally her mother 
 died of grief a few days after the last catastrophe. She was 
 then confided to her maternal aunt, Mile, de Faucombe, a 
 nun at Chelles ; * she is then seen with her at Faucombe, a 
 considerable estate situated near Nantes, and soon after she is 
 found thrown in prison, along with her aunt, accused of 
 being an emissary of Pitt and Cobourg. Thermidor 9 liber- 
 ated her, but Mile, de Faucombe died of fright ; Felicite was 
 then sent to her maternal greatuncle, M. de Faucombe, an 
 archaeologist at Nantes, her nearest relation. She taught her- 
 self *' like a boy" ; she had an immense library at her disposal, 
 which allowed her to acquire, while still young, a great fund 
 of information. The literary vocation which developed itself 
 in Mile, des Touches was assisted by her old uncle — we know 
 of three works written by him — and in 1822 she made her 
 debut in two volumes of pieces in the style of Lope de Vega 
 and Shakespeare,t which produced a kind of artistic revolu- 
 tion. She then took, and never afterward abandoned, the 
 pseudonym of Camille Maupin, and lived a brilliant and inde- 
 pendent life. Her eighty thousand livres of income ; her 
 castle des Touches, in the neighborhood of Guerande, Loire- 
 Inferieure; her Parisian hotel. Rue du Mont-Blanc; J her 
 birth, alliances, and powerful services, threw a veil over her 
 dissipations, and allowed only her genius to be seen. Mile, 
 des Touches counted among her lovers : a fair insipid man, 
 
 * Mile, de Faucombe may have known Mesdemoiselles de Beaus^ant 
 and de Langeais, at Paris. 
 
 f This was the procedure of Merim^e, the author of the *' Theatre de 
 Clara Gazul." 
 
 \ Now the Rue de la Chausee-d'Antin, 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 531 
 
 about 1817; then an original mind, a skeptic, Camille Mau- 
 pin's real creator; following him, Gennaro Conti, whom she 
 knew in Rome, 1820; and Claud Vignon, a critic of repute 
 [Beatrix, JP — A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, ilf]. 
 Felicite patronized Joseph Bridau, the romantic painter who 
 was scorned by the middle-classes [A Bachelor's Establish- 
 ment, e/]. She gave evidence of her sympathy for Lucien 
 de Rubempre, whom she failed in getting married, and pro- 
 tected the poet's mistress, Coralie the actress ; for during 
 their amours Felicite des Touches was in favor at the Gym- 
 nase. The anonymous collaborator in a comedy in which 
 appeared Leontine Volnys — the little Fay of her day — she 
 was about to write a second vaudeville in which Coralie was 
 to create the principal character. When the young manager 
 for the directors, Poirson-Cerfberr,* took to his bed and died, 
 Felicite bore the cost of his burial and arranged for the funeral 
 service to be celebrated at Notre-Dame de Bonne-Nouvelle. 
 Mile, des Touches gave dinners on Wednesdays : Levasseur, 
 Conti, Mesdames Pasta, Cinti, Fodor, de Bargeton, and d'Es- 
 pard, among others, assisted at her receptions [A Distinguished 
 Provincial at Paris, ilfJT ]. Although a Legitimist, the same 
 as the Marquise d'Espard, she flung open the doors of her 
 salon after the Revolution of July, when she met her neighbor, 
 Leontine de Serizy, and Lord Dudley, Lady Barimore, the 
 Nucingens, Joseph Bridau, Mesdames de Cadignan and de 
 Montcornet, the Comte de Vandenesse, Daniel d'Arthez, and 
 Mrae. de Rochegude {alias Rochefide). Canalis, Rastignac, 
 Laginski, Montriveau, Bianchon, Marsay, and Blondet were 
 at her house and joined in the piquant recital of a steely tone 
 [Another Study of Woman, ^. Sometime afterward Mile, 
 des Touches gave advice to Marie de Vandenesse and blamed 
 her for seeking love outside her marriage [A Daughter of 
 
 * The vaudevillists Delestre and Poirson, together with A, Cerf berr, 
 founded the Gymnase-Dramatique, December 20, 1 820; the brothers Cerf- 
 berr, Delestre and Poirson, remained its administrators until 1844. 
 
532 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Eve, F]. In 1836, while traveling across Italy with Leon de 
 Lora, the landscape painter, and Claud Vignon, she assisted 
 at a festival given by the French consul at Genoa, Maurice 
 de I'Hostal; he there spoke of the crosses in the Bauvan 
 household [Honorine, fe]. In 1837, after having instituted 
 Calyste du Guenic — whom she adored, but to whom she refused 
 to abandon herself — as her universal legatee, Felicite des 
 Touches retired to a convent of the order of Salnt-Frangois, 
 Nantes. Among the works of this other George Sand there 
 is a signal one, 'Me Nouveau Promethee," an audacious book, 
 and a little Roman autobiography, in which she narrates her 
 mistaken passion for Conti, an admirable work which is re- 
 garded as the counterpart of ** Adolphe" by Benjamin Con- 
 stant [Beatrix, JP — Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
 Toupillier, born about 1750; of a wretched family which 
 consisted of three sisters and five brothers, of whom one was 
 Mme. Cardinal's father. The old drum-major of the French 
 Guards became the sexton at Saint-Sulpice church, Paris ; he 
 was the holy-water sprinkler and distributer, acting as a 
 model in the interim. Toupillier, at the commencement of 
 the Restoration, was under suspicion of being a Bonapartist, 
 and, being guilty of indelicacy, lost his employment at the 
 church, but was allowed to beg at the porch as a privileged 
 mendicant ; he largely benefited by his new position, for he 
 more than ever aroused the pity of the faithful, principally 
 because he was thought to be a centenarian. The diamonds 
 which Charles Crochard stole from Mile. Beaumesnil he was 
 obliged to some way disembarrass himself of, so he deposited 
 them with Toupillier for a short time. Toupillier denied 
 having seen them, and the stolen jewels remained with him. 
 Corentin, the famous detective, watched the beggar of Saint- 
 Sulpice, and surprised that new Cardillac in the contempla- 
 tion of the diamonds, on the Rue du Coeur- Volant.* He 
 
 * This street at that time formed part of the Rue Gr6goire-de-Tours 
 and ran from the Boulevard Saint-Germain to the Rue des Quatre -Vents. 
 
comAdie JWMAINE. 53S 
 
 was allowed to keep them on condition of making Lydie 
 Peyrade, Corentin's ward and the daughter of Mile. Beau- 
 mesnil, his universal legatee. Further, Corentin compelled 
 Toupillier to reside in the same house as himself, on the Rue 
 Honore-Chevalier, that he might keep his eye upon him. 
 Toupillier at that time possessed an income of eighteen hun- 
 dred francs in the Funds, and a house, Rue Notre-Dame de 
 Nazareth, a building for which he had paid forty-eight thou- 
 sand francs ; he was an abject appearing rogue of a beggar, 
 but when the church was closed he went to dine at the 
 Restaurant Lathuile,* situated near the Clichy barrier, and 
 at night went drunken to bed on excellent Roussilon wine. 
 In spite of the attempt of Mme. Cardinal and -C^rizet to 
 break into his closet which contained his casket of diamonds, 
 when the beggar died, in 1840, Lydie Peyrade, now become 
 Mme. Theodose de la Peyrade, inherited everything that 
 Toupillier owned [The Middle Classes, ee]. 
 
 Toupinet, a Parisian workingman ; married and the father 
 of a family ; he stole his wife's savings, the result of her own 
 labor. Toupinet was imprisoned in 1828 — without doubt it 
 was for debt [The Commission in Lunacy, c]. 
 
 Toupinet, Madame, wife of the foregoing ; known under 
 the name of la Pomponne; she was a dealer in seasonable 
 foods; she lived, in 1828, on the Rue du Petit-Banquier, 
 Paris ; she was unhappy in her married life ; she obtained a 
 loan of ten francs from the charitable J. J. Popinot with which 
 to buy her necessary merchandise [The Commission in Lu- 
 nacy, c]. 
 
 Tournan, hatter. Rue Saint-Martin, Paris ; he supplied 
 Poiret junior, who took to him, July 3, 1823, his head cover- 
 ing, treated with pork fat by J. J. Bixiou, the practical joker 
 [Les Employes, cc\ 
 
 Tours-Minieres, Bernard-Polydor Bryond, Baron 
 DES, a gentleman of Alengon, born about 1772; from 1793 
 * At that time a humble tavern. 
 
534 COMPENDIUM 
 
 he was one of the most active of Comte de Lille's* emissaries 
 in his conspiracy against the Republic. Thanked by that 
 prince, he was rewarded by being allowed to repossess his 
 estates, of which he had been for a long time despoiled ; in 
 1807 he married Henriette Le Chantre de la Chanterie, with 
 the assistance of the Royalists, of whom he was ** the darling." 
 He seems to have been associated in the reactionary insurrec- 
 tion movement in the West in 1809 ; he there threw aside his 
 wife, compromised himself, and disappeared. Returning se- 
 cretly to the country, disguised in dress and under the name 
 of Lemarchand, he aided justice in the discovery of the plot 
 and afterward went to Paris, where he became the famous 
 police-spy Contenson [The Seamy Side of History, T\ He 
 knew Peyrade ; that old pupil of Lenoir gave him the sig- 
 nificant sobriquet of ** Philosophy." He was one of 
 Fouche's agents during the Empire ; he cynically abandoned 
 himself to his passions, and lived in vice and dissipation. 
 During the Restoration Louchard engaged him for Nucingen, 
 who was smitten by Esther van Gobseck. He was in his 
 service, together with Peyrade and Corentin, to protect him 
 against Jacques Collin's snares ; they pursued the pretended 
 Carlos Herrera, who had taken refuge on the roof of a house, 
 but Contenson was thrown from the top of the building by 
 his adversary ; he died of the fall one day in the winter of 
 1829-30 [The Harlot's Progress, Z\ 
 
 Tours-Minieres, Baronne Bryond des, nee Henriette 
 Le Chantre de la Chanterie, 1789, wife of the foregoing; 
 the only daughter of M. and Mme. Le Chantre de la Chanterie. 
 ' When she married her mother was a widow. Thanks to the 
 machinations of Tours-Minieres, she found herself flung in the 
 company of Charles-Amedee-Louis-Joseph Rifoel, Chevalier 
 de Vissard ; she became his mistress, and went with him on 
 the Royalist campaign in I'Orne, 1809. Betrayed by her 
 husband, she was executed in 18 10, in conformity with a sen- 
 * Louis XVIII. 
 
COMAdIE HUMAINE. 635 
 
 tence of capital punishment by the court of which Bouriac 
 was the public prosecutor and Mergi the president [The 
 Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Trailles, Comte Maxime de, born in 1791; belonged to 
 a family which was descended from a valet of Louis XI. and 
 was ennobled by Frangois I. This perfect resemblance of a 
 Parisian "condottiere " in the first half of the nineteenth 
 century became one of Napoleon's pages. He successively 
 worshiped Sarah Gobseck and Anastasie de Restaud; de 
 Trailles, who was already ruined, ruined both those women ; 
 the passion for play dominated him, and his vagaries knew 
 no bounds [Cesar Birotteau, O — Father Goriot, G — M. Gob- 
 seck, gr]. In Paris he patronized Vicomte Savinien de Por- 
 tenduere, who was then a novice in high life ; he was later to 
 have acted as a second of his in a duel to be fought with 
 Desir^ Minoret, but this was prevented by the accidental 
 death of the latter [Ursula Mirouet, JST]. His cleverness 
 generally served him against his creditors, which formed a 
 legion about him, but nevertheless they once, in spite of his 
 cunning, got even with him through Cerizet. M. de Trailles 
 at that time kept Antonia Chocardelle in a modest style as 
 the manager of a reading-room situated on the Rue Coquenard, 
 near Rue Pigalle, where Trailles lived ; a certain Hortense, 
 who was *' protected" by Lord Dudley, seconded the cunning 
 Cerizet, who was a consummate comedian [A Man of Busi- 
 ness, I — The Deputy for Arcis, DD\ Under the Restora- 
 tion Maxime de Trailles was accused of Bonapartism and 
 reproached with an unblushing corruption; the ''citizen 
 Royalty" welcomed him. Marsay more than others served 
 the fortune of the count ; he charged him with delicate po- 
 litical missions which were marvelously executed [The Secrets 
 of the Princess of Cadignan, ^1. Comte de Trailles was very 
 lavish; he was a guest of Josepha Mirah ; he honored with his 
 presence the inaugural f§te in her apartments. Rue de la Ville- 
 I'Eveque [Cousin Betty, w^ When Marsay died Trailles lost 
 
536 COMPENDIUM 
 
 his prestige. The influential minister, Eugene de Rastignac, 
 became somewhat of a puritan, and had but little considera- 
 tion for him. M. de Trailles was one of the friends of an 
 intimate friend of that statesman, the brilliant Colonel Fran- 
 chessini. Nucingen's son-in-law perhaps had not forgotten 
 Mme. de Restaud's misfortunes, and possibly cherished rancor 
 against their author. Nevertheless he employed Maxime de 
 Trailles, always a familiar in the Marquise d'Espard's salon, 
 in the faubourg Saint-Honore, and the painted quadragenarian, 
 weighed down with debts, was sent to Arcis to turn the elec- 
 tion in that place to the benefit of the ministry, in the spring 
 of 1839. Trailles cunningly schemed ; he tried to bring over 
 the Cinq-Cygnes, taking as his candidate Phileas Beauvisage; 
 he also sought the hand of the wealthy heiress Cecile-Renee 
 Beauvisage, but he was frustrated in both those enterprises 
 [The Deputy for Arcis, DJ)]. M. de Trailles excelled in 
 extending a helping hand in domestic crises; M. d'Ajuda 
 Pinto, Abbe Brossette, and Mme. de Grandlieu, by the assist- 
 ance of Rusticoli de la Palferine, reclaimed Calyste du Guenic 
 and reconciled his household and that of Arthur de Rochefide 
 [Beatrix, J^]. Shortly after May, 1841, Trailles was a min- 
 isterial deputy [The Unconscious Mummers, Vb\. 
 
 Trans, Mademoiselle de, a young woman of Bordeaux 
 who wished to get married ; like Mademoiselle de Belor, she 
 was waiting for a husband, when Paul de Manerville married 
 Natalie Evangelista [A Marriage Settlement, acC\> 
 
 Transon, M. and Mme., wholesale crockery merchants, 
 Rue de Lesdigui^res, Paris; about 1824 they frequented the 
 Baudoyers and Saillards, their neighbors [Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Travot, a general; in 1815, with his batallions, he besieged 
 Gu^rande, a fortress defended by Baron du Guenic, who 
 finally evacuated it, but, being surrounded by Chouans, he 
 gained the woods and returned to the campaign on the second 
 return of the Bourbons [Beatrix, 'P\ 
 
 Trognon, Maitre, a Parisian notary, who had the devo- 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 537 
 
 tion of his neighbor in the quarter, Maitre Fraisier; in the 
 years 1844-45 ^^ lived on the Rue Saint-Louis-au-Marais.* 
 He preceded his colleague, Leopold Hannequin, in taking the 
 instructions for the last will and testament of the dying Syl- 
 vain Pons [Cousin Pons, x\. 
 
 Troisville, Guibelin, Vicomte de, whose name was pro- 
 nounced Treville, so that during the Empire his numerous 
 family took the name of Guibelin ; he belonged to a noble 
 house, was an ardent Royalist, and was well known in Alen^on 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T\ Troisville was often, with- 
 out doubt, together with Chevalier de Valois and Marquis d'Es- 
 grignon, the correspondent of the Vendean chiefs, for we 
 know the department of the Orne counted him amongst the 
 leading insurrectionists, 1799 [The Chouans, ^]. The Bour- 
 bons for this restored their estates and showed favor to the 
 Troisvilles, many of whom became deputies and peers of 
 France. During the emigration, Guibelin, Vicomte de Trois- 
 ville, served in Russia ; he married a Muscovite, the daughter 
 of the Princess Scherbelloff, and, during the year 181 6, re- 
 turned to locate in the midst of the Alen9on folk. For a 
 time the guest of Rose-Victoire Cormon (afterward Mme. du 
 Bousquier), he innocently aroused a nuptial hope in that lady. 
 The vicomte was of a very reserved nature, and he had neg- 
 lected to make known the fact that he was Scherbelloff 's 
 son-in-law, and the legitimate father of the future Marechale 
 de Montcornet [The Old Maid, aa\. Guibelin de Troisville 
 was faithful to the Esgrignons' salon, and there met the La 
 Roche-Guyons and the Casterans,f and some few of their 
 relations; but this intimacy ceased when Mile. Virginie de 
 Troisville became Mme. de Montcornet [The Collection of 
 Antiquities, aa\. Nevertheless, and in spite of that union, 
 which he considered a mesalliance, the vicomte did not sulk 
 with his daughter and son-in-law, but was their guest at their 
 estate of the Aigues [The Peasantry, JK]. 
 
 * Now the Rue Turenne. f ^^^ written Casleran. 
 
538 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Trompe-la-mort, Jacques Collin's nickname. 
 
 Troubert, Abbe Hyacinthe, a priest who was appreciated 
 by M. de Bourbonne ; he made his way under the Restoration 
 and Louis-Philippe ; he was successively canon and vicar- 
 general of Tours, ending as bishop of that city. His first 
 appearance in Touraine revealed him as a profound man, 
 ambitious, and redoubtable, who hated strongly, but masked 
 his rancor. By the secret aid of the Congregation and 
 Sophie Gamard's complicity he abused Abbe Birotteau and 
 despoiled him of all his heritage come to him from Abb6 
 Chapeloud, who had hated him with a lively hate, but whom 
 Troubert triumphed over in spite of the finesse of the defunct 
 priest. Abbe Troubert made himself in favor with the Lis- 
 tom^res, who were Frangois Birotteau' s defenders [The Abb6 
 Birotteau, ^]. At Troyes Monseigneur Troubert frequented, 
 about 1839, the Cinq-Cygnes, Hauteserres, Cadignans, Mau- 
 frigneuses, and Daniel d'Arthez, all at the time more or less 
 engaged in the electoral canvass of Champagne [The Deputy 
 for Arcis, T>iy\ 
 
 Troussenard, Doctor, a physician at Havre under the 
 Restoration, at the time when the Mignons de la Bastie lived 
 in the sub-prefecture of the Seine-Inf^rieure [Modeste Mig- 
 non.JT]. 
 
 Trudon, a Parisian grocer, who supplied Cesar Birotteau, 
 December 17, 18 18, with two hundred francs' worth of wax- 
 candles [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 TuUia, Mme. du Bruel's picturesque surname. 
 
 TuUoye, the name of the owner of a field near Angoul^me, 
 where, in the fall of 1821, M. de Bargeton seriously wounded 
 M. de Chandour, who had provoked him to a duel. This 
 name of TuUoye gave occasion, under the circumstances, for 
 a ready pun on the event [Lost Illusions, 1^\ 
 
 Turquet, Marguerite, born about 18 16, more commonly 
 known by the sobriquet of Malaga, also surnamed '*the As- 
 pasia of the Cirque-Olympique " ; on her debut she was a 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 539 
 
 horsewoman in the famous hippodrome of the outlandish 
 Bouther ; she afterward became a Parisian star at the Franconi 
 theatre, Champs-Elysees, and, in the winter, on the Boulevard 
 du Crime. Mile. Turquet lived, 1837, on the fifth floor of a 
 house. Rue des Fosses-du-Temple (disappeared since 1862), 
 when Thaddee Paz richly installed her elsewhere, and she 
 played the part of imaginary mistress to the Pole [The Imag- 
 inary Mistress, ll\. This position was the making of Mar- 
 guerite; she shone most brilliantly amongst the artists and 
 courtesans. She had a genuine protector and keeper in 
 Maitre Cardot, a notary in the Place du Chatelet, and for 
 a real lover a quite young musician [Muse of the Depart- 
 ment, CC\ A girl of intelligence, she took care of Maitre 
 Cardot and formed a salon in which Maitre Desroches, about 
 1840, finely narrated the strange contest between two roues: 
 Trailles and Cerizet, one the debtor, the other the creditor; 
 the struggle was crowned by the victory of the second [A 
 Man of Business, l\ In 1838 Malaga-Turquet was present 
 at Jos6pha Mirah's inaugural festival, when she was installed 
 on the Rue de la Ville-l'Eveque [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 U 
 
 Urbain, the servant of Soudry, mayor of Soulanges, dur- 
 ing the Restoration ; he was an old trooper, who was on the 
 point of becoming a gendarme, but instead entered the service 
 of the municipal officer [The Peasantry, J?]. 
 
 Urraca, an old Spaniard, foster-father of Baron de Ma- 
 cumer ; the only one of his master's people who remained to 
 him after his ruin and exile to France ; Urraca the best pre- 
 pared the baron's chocolate [Letters of Two Brides, 1^]. 
 
 Urraca y Lora,* Mademoiselle, the paternal aunt of 
 
 * Mile. Urraca, nie Lora, has her biography given in this place, as the 
 name of Uracca precedes that of Lora. 
 
540 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Leon de Lora; she remained an old maid in 1845, living 
 wretchedly enough in a commune in the department of the 
 Eastern Pyrenees, together with the father and the eldest 
 brother of the artist [The Unconscious Mummers, i^]. 
 
 Ursule, Abb6 Bonnet's servant, 1829, at Montegnac, 
 where her master was the cure ; a woman of canonical age, 
 she received Abbe de Rastignac, who was charged by the 
 bishop of Limoges to gain over the cure of the village to 
 which Jean-Francois Tascheron belonged, and who was sen- 
 tenced to death, and to try and bring him into *' the bosom 
 of the church." Ursule was informed by Abbe de Rastignac 
 that a short reprieve had been accorded the assassin ; some- 
 what imaginative and talkative, she repeated the news to all 
 the village, when she went to obtain provisions for the dinner 
 offered by Cure Bonnet to Abbe de Rastignac [The Country 
 Parson, F\ 
 
 Ursule, a fat Picardian, the perfumer Ragon's cook, Rue 
 Saint-Honore, Paris, at the close of the eighteenth century ; 
 about 1793 ^^^ gave an amorous education to Cesar Birot- 
 teau, a little Tourangeau peasant who had been newly engaged 
 as errand-boy by the Ragons. *' Lascivious and cross, crafty 
 and thievish, egotistical and drunken," Ursule bruised Cesar's 
 candor; but she deserted him two years later for a young 
 Picard refractory, lying hidden in Paris, who owned some 
 acres of land; she afterward married him [C^sar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Uxelles, Marquise d*, allied to Princess de Blamont- 
 Chauvray and the Due and Duchesse de Lenoncourt ; she was 
 C6sar Birotteau's godmother [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Uxelles, Duchesse d', born about 1769 ; mother of Diane 
 d'Uxelles; her lover was the Due de Maufrigneuse ; about 
 1814 she gave him her daughter in marriage; ten years later 
 she retired to her estate of Uxelles, where she lived devoted 
 to avarice [The Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, ;§;]. 
 
C0M£DIE HUMAINE. 541 
 
 Vaillant, Madame, wife of a cabinet-maker in the faubourg 
 Saint-Antoine ; the mother of three children ; in 1819-20 she 
 had charge of the household of a young author,* then residing 
 in a garret, on the Rue Lesdiguieres, Paris, for which she was 
 paid forty sous a month ; the rest of her time she was engaged 
 in turning a crank for a certain mechanic, for which she did 
 not receive more than ten sous per day. This woman and her 
 husband were of the highest probity. At the wedding of one 
 of Mme. Vaillant's sisters, the young writer met Father Canet 
 (Facino Cane), a clarionet at the Quinze-Vingts ; he narrated 
 his singular history to the author [Facino Cane, Tz\. In 1818 
 Mme. Vaillant, then quite old, was housekeeper to the old 
 Republican, Claude-Joseph Pillerault, Rue des Bourdonnais ; 
 but the old merchant spared his servant : he would not even 
 allow her to black his shoes [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Valdes, Paquita, born in the Antilles about 1793; the 
 daughter of a slave bought in Georgia for her rare beauty ; 
 she lived, at the beginning of the Restoration and during the 
 Hundred Days, in the hotel San-Real, Rue Saint-Lazare, 
 Paris, with her mother and foster-father, Christemio. Henri 
 de Marsay met her in April, 181 5, in the Tuileries' gardens; 
 she was smitten by him and consented to receive him secretly ; 
 she abandoned herself to him: but during the transports of 
 love she cried out, by habit, "Oh! Mariquita ! " and so 
 infuriated her lover that he tried to kill her. He was 
 not able to do it at that time, so with some members of the 
 famous Thirteen he revisited her for that purpose, but found 
 her already assassinated : the Marquise de San-Real was de 
 Marsay's own sister; she was ferociously jealous of the favors 
 shown by the young girl to a man, and she mangled her with a 
 * Honor6 de Balzac; Mme. Vaillant was his servant. 
 
542 COMPENDIUM 
 
 number of blows with a poniard. Kept within doors since 
 she was twelve years old, Paquita Valdes knew neither how to 
 read nor write; she spoke English and Spanish. The singular 
 color of her eyes caused her to be surnamed *'The Girl 
 with Golden Eyes" by some young men, Paul de Manerville 
 amongst others, who had noticed her when promenading [The 
 Girl with Golden Eyes, ds, II.]. 
 
 Valdez, a Spanish admiral, was the constitutional minister 
 of King Ferdinand VII., in 1820. Obliged to flee at the time 
 of the reaction, he embarked in an English vessel. He was 
 saved by this means, through the instrumentality of Baron de 
 Macumer, who warned him in time [Letters of Two Brides, F]. 
 
 Valentin, De, head of a historical Auvergnaut house 
 which had been reduced to indigence and obscurity ; was the 
 cousin of the Due de Navarreins.* He came to Paris under 
 the Monarchy and there achieved, "in the very heart of 
 power," a position of importance, which he lost at the advent 
 of the Revolution. Under the Empire he acquired several 
 of the estates given by the Emperor to his generals, but the fall 
 of Napoleon ruined him completely. He strictly brought up 
 his only son Raphael, on whom he counted for the rehabilita- 
 tion of his house. He died of grief, six months after having 
 paid his creditors, in the autumn of 1826. The coat-of-arms 
 of the House of Valentin consisted of a golden eagle on a 
 sable field crowned in silver, the bird having beak and talons 
 extended in an attitude of aggression. It bore this device : 
 Non cecidit animus [The Wild Ass' Skin, A.']. 
 
 Valentin, Madame de, nee Barbe-Marie O'Flaherty, 
 wife of the foregoing ; the heiress of a wealthy house ; she 
 died young, leaving to her only son a little island in the Loire 
 [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\. 
 
 Valentin, Marquis Raphael DE,f the only son of the 
 
 * Owner of a magnificent h6tel in Paris, situated on the Rue du Bac. 
 
 f During the year 1851, at the Ambigu-Comique, a drama by Alphonse 
 Arnault and Louis Judicis was played in which Raphael de Valentin's 
 life was reproduced. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 643 
 
 foregoing; born in 1804, probably at Paris, where he was 
 raised. He lost his mother at an early age, and, after an un- 
 happy childhood, on the death of his father did not receive 
 more than eleven or twelve hundred francs, on which he lived 
 for three years at a cost of one franc per day at the hotel Saint- 
 Quentin, Rue des Cordiers. He there accomplished two great 
 works : a comedy which would have made him famous in a 
 day, and a '* Theory of the Will," a long work, like that of 
 Louis Lambert's, destined to complete the works of Mesmer, 
 Lavater, Gall, and Bichat. Raphael received the degree of 
 doctor, but was intended by his father to make his way in 
 politics. Reduced to extreme poverty, deprived of his last 
 resource, the little isle in the Loire, his maternal heritage, he 
 intended to commit suicide, 1830, when a foreign merchant 
 of curiosities on the Quai Voltaire, into whose store he had 
 gone by chance, made him a present of an extraordinary 
 piece of Wild Ass' Skin, the possession of which would pro- 
 cure him his every desire, but with an abridgment of his life. 
 Shortly afterward he was invited to a sumptuous repast by 
 Frederic Taillefer, and while there Raphael found himself 
 the next day heir to six millions of francs ; but he died of 
 consumption in the autumn of 1831, in the arms of Pauline 
 Gaudin, whom he loved and by whom he was beloved ; he 
 vainly tried to possess her by a supreme effort. As a million- 
 aire Raphael de Valentin lived in a mansion on the Rue de 
 Varenne ; the friend of Rastignac and Blondet, and guarded 
 by his faithful servitor Jonathas. Previously he had foolishly 
 loved a certain Comtesse Foedora. Neither the waters of Aix 
 nor those of Mont-Dore, successively tried, could restore his 
 health, which was irremediably compromised [The Wild Ass' 
 Skin, A\. 
 
 Valentine, the Christian name of the heroine of a melo- 
 drama* in two acts by Scribe and de Melesville, performed at 
 
 * Mme. Eugenie Sauvage, still living in 1 896, played the principal 
 character. 
 
544 COMPENDIUM 
 
 the Gymnase-Dramatique, January 4, 1836; more than twenty 
 years after the death of M. and Mme. de Merret, which piece 
 retraced, more or less accurately, their tragic adventure [Muse 
 of the Department, CO]. 
 
 Vallat, Francois, substitute to the public prosecutor at 
 Ville-aux-Fayes, under the Restoration, at the time of the 
 struggle of the peasantry against Montcornet. The cousin of 
 Mme. Sarcus, wife of the " rich " Sarcus; he awaited for ad- 
 vancement by Gaubertin, the mayor, whose influence extended 
 throughout the arrondissement [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Vallet, a dry goods dealer at Soulanges under the Restora- 
 tion, at the time of Montcornet's struggle against the peasantry; 
 the Vallet store was a part of the building of the Cafe de la 
 Paix, kept by Socquard [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Val Noble, Madame du. See Gaillard, Madame Theo- 
 fdore. 
 
 Valois, Chevalier de, born about 1758; died, like his 
 friend and compatriot the Marquis d'Esgrignon, with the 
 legitimate monarchy, August, 1830. The youth of this poor 
 gentleman was passed at Paris, where he was surprised by the 
 Revolution ; he was afterward a Chouan, and, in 1779, took up 
 arms in the Whites of the West against the Republic ; he was 
 one of the Royalist committee at Alen^on. At the time of 
 the Restoration he was located in that town, where he lived 
 very modestly, but was accepted by the high aristocracy as one 
 of themselves and as a true Valois. The chevalier took snuff 
 out of an old golden box ornamented on the lid with a portrait 
 of Princesse Goritza, a Hungarian celebrated for her beauty 
 under Louis XV.; he never spoke of that woman without 
 emotion, for whose name he had fought with Lauzun. Chev- 
 alier de Valois sought in vain to marry the richest heiress in 
 Alen^on, Rose-Victoire Cormon, an old maid who had the 
 misfortune of becoming the " platonic " wife of M. du Bous- 
 quier, the former contractor. He resided at Alen^on at Mme. 
 Lardot's, the laundress ; the chevalier had one of her work- 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 545 
 
 girls as his mistress — her name was Cesarine; she was the 
 mother of a child which was generally attributed to him. 
 Cesarine was indeed his universal legatee. The chevalier also 
 took private liberties with another of Mme. Lardot's work- 
 girls, Suzanne, a very handsome Norman, who afterward went 
 to Paris, where she became a famous courtesan under the 
 name of Val-Noble, and was later married by Theodore Gail- 
 lard. Although M. de Valois loved this girl very much, he 
 would not allow himself to be exploited by her. He was in 
 correspondence with de Lenoncourt, de Navarreins, de Ver- 
 neuil, de Fontaine, de la Billardiere, de Maufrigneuse, and de 
 Chaulieu. Valois lived by play, but feigned to receive his 
 income from Maitre Bordin in the name of a certain M. de 
 Pombreton [The Chouans, J5 — The Jealousies of a Country 
 Town, AA\. 
 
 Vandenesse, Marquis de, a gentleman of Tours ; he had 
 four children by his wife : Charles, who married Emilie de 
 Fontaine, Kergarouet's widow; Felix, who married Marie- 
 Angelique de Granville; and two daughters, the eldest of 
 whom married her cousin, the Marquis de Listomere [The 
 Lily of the Valley, X]. 
 
 Vandenesse, Marquise de, nee Listomere, wife of the 
 foregoing; a tall, lean, slender person, egotistical and *'as 
 impertinent as all the Listomeres were, amongst whom their 
 impertinence was reckoned in their dowries." The mother of 
 four children, she brought them up without tenderness and 
 kept them at a distance, especially her son Fdix ; she was a 
 trace kinder perhaps to her eldest son Charles [The Lily of 
 the Valley, i]. 
 
 Vandenesse, Marquis Charles de, the eldest son of 
 the foregoing, born in the closing years of the eighteenth 
 century; he was a brilliant diplomat under the Bourbons; 
 during that period he was Julie d'Aiglemont's lover; there 
 were two natural children by their illicit relations ; he pleaded 
 in a matter of interest against his younger brother, Comte 
 35 
 
546 COMPENDIUM 
 
 F6lix, with Desroches as his barrister. He married Rer- 
 garouet's rich widow, nee Emilie de Fontaine [A Woman of 
 Thirty, 8—^ Start in Life, 8— A Daughter of Eve, F]. 
 
 Vandenesse, Marquise Charles de, nte Emilie de 
 Fontaine about 1802, the youngest daughter of Comte de 
 Fontaine j jolly and full of fun, she showed it while quite 
 young at the famous ball given by Cesar Birotteau, whither 
 she accompanied her parents; haughty impertinence was a 
 distinctive trait in her character [Cesar Birotteau, O]. She 
 refused Paul de Manerville and a number of other persons who 
 would have married her, and was first wedded to her old 
 maternal great-uncle. Admiral Comte de Kergarouet. This 
 marriage, which she afterward regretted, was decided at a 
 card party with the bishop of Persepolis, following what she 
 had learned in reference to M. Longueville, who was at first 
 the object of her choice, but who turned out to be a plain mer- 
 chant's clerk [The Sceaux Ball, tf]. Mme. de Kergarouet 
 rejected the addresses of Savinien de Portenduere, her nephew 
 by marriage, and who paid his court to her [Ursule Mi- 
 rouet, _ff]. Become a widow, she married the Marquis 
 de Vandenesse. Shortly after she tried to cause the fall of 
 her sister-in-law, Comtesse Felix de Vandenesse, who was at 
 that time smitten by Raoul Nathan [A Daughter of Eve, Y\ 
 
 Vandenesse, Comte Felix de, son, brother, and brother- 
 in-law of the foregoing ones ; born in the latter years of the 
 eighteenth century, he bore the title of vicomte after his 
 father's death ; he suffered greatly both in childhood and 
 adolescence, in the midst of his family, and also when he 
 was a boarding-pupil at Tours in the Oratorian school at 
 Pontlevoy. In Lepitre's Parisian institution, and during his 
 days on the He Saint-Louis, near a relative of his named 
 Listomere, he was very unhappy. Felix de Vandenesse did 
 not finally find peace until he arrived at Frapesle, a neighbor- 
 ing castle to Clochegourde. It was here that he entered upon 
 his platonic liaison with Mme. de Mortsauf, who took a lead- 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 547 
 
 ing place in his life. On the other side he was also Lady 
 Arabelle Dudley's lover, who gave him the nickname of 
 Amedee — pronounced " my dee." Mme. de Mortsauf having 
 died, he was scorned and treated with bitter hostility by little 
 Madeleine, who afterward became Mme. de Lenoncourt-Givry- 
 Chaulieu. Political events worked for him during this time : 
 during the Hundred Days Louis XVIIL gave him charge of 
 a mission in Vendee. The King became attached to him 
 and made him his private secretary ; he was also appointed a 
 master of requests to the Council of State. Vandenesse 
 frequented the Lenoncourts ; was excited like the rest when 
 Lucien de Rubempr^ made his fresh appearance in Paris ; he 
 felt for him an admiration mingled with envy ; he supported 
 and succored Cesar Birotteau by orders of the King ; he knew 
 Prince Talleyrand and asked information of him as to Ma- 
 cumer, for Louise de Chaulieu [The Lily of the Valley, Jj — 
 A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, iHZ— Cesar Birotteau, O 
 — Letters of Two Brides, v\. On the death of his father, 
 Felix de Vandenesse took the title of count, and in reference 
 to the sale of an estate plead against his brother, the marquis, 
 no doubt successfully; he was badly served by a clerk in 
 Maitre Desroches' employ — Oscar Husson [A Start in Life, 8]. 
 Comte Felix de Vandenesse had very intimate relations with 
 Natalie de Manerville, which were broken off by the countess 
 after she had heard minutely from him of the passion he had pre- 
 viously had for the Comtesse de Mortsauf [A Marriage Settle- 
 ment, a€C\. The year following he married Angelique-Marie 
 de Granville, the eldest daughter of the famous judge of that 
 name, and installed her on the Rue du Rocher,* where he had 
 a mansion which was most exquisitely decorated. At first he 
 did not make love to his wife, who lacked the experience 
 necessary to excite a roue who knew the style of kept women. 
 Nevertheless it is produced everywhere. One evening, un- 
 
 * This Parisian thoroughfare has been much modified for at least a 
 quarter of a century. 
 
548 COMPENDIUM 
 
 accompanied by her, he attended a soiree at Mme. d'Espard's, 
 where he is found with his eldest brother, when the slander 
 spoken against Diane de Cadignan aroused d'Arthez, who was 
 smitten by her. Felix de Vandenesse took his wife to a rout 
 at Mile, des Touches, where de Marsay told the story of his 
 first love. He and his household still frequented the Cadig- 
 nan and Montcornet hotels, under Louis-Philippe ; Mme. de 
 Vandenesse was imprudently smitten by Raoul Nathan ; a 
 cunning ruse of the count's saved her from danger [The 
 Secrets of the Princess of Cadignan, ^ — Another Study of 
 Woman, I — A Historical Mystery, Jf^— A Daughter of 
 Eve, F]. 
 
 Vandenesse, Comtesse Felix de, nee Angelique-Marie 
 DE Granville, 1808, wife of the foregoing; a brunette like 
 her father, the celebrated judge; she had his assistance in sup- 
 porting the rigorous austerities thrust upon her by her devout 
 mother, in their hotel in the Marais, where during her ado- 
 lescence she also had the tender affection of her younger sister, 
 Marie-Eugenie (afterward Mme. du Tillet) ; their lessons in 
 harmony, given them by Wilhelm Schmucke, afforded them 
 some relaxation. Marie, in 1828, was richly dowered at the 
 expense of Marie-Eugenie. Although a mother — she had at 
 least one child— she became suddenly romantic ; she fell into 
 a plot, the victim of a conspiracy of society engineered by 
 Lady Dudley, and Mesdames Charles de Vandenesse and de 
 Manerville. Marie, urged by her foolish passion for the 
 writer, Raoul Nathan, and wishing to save him financially, 
 appealed to the good offices of Mme. de Nucingen and to 
 Schmucke's devotion. Her husband gave proof to her of the 
 dishonoring relations of Raoul and his bohemian life, and 
 this prevented Mme. Felix de Vandenesse's fall [A Second 
 Home, z — A Daughter of Eve, Y\ This adventure, with 
 the danger she had run and her rupture with the poet, was 
 afterward narrated by M. de Clagny to Mme. de la Baudraye, 
 Lousteau's mistress [Muse of the Department, CC\ 
 
COMJkDIE HUMAINE. 549 
 
 Vandenesse, Alfred de, son of Marquis Charles de 
 Vandenesse ; he compromised himself, in the faubourg Saint- 
 Germain, in the middle of Louis-Philippe's reign, with Com- 
 tesse de Saint-Hereen, in spite of Mme. d'Aiglemont, her 
 mother, who had formerly been his father's mistress [A Woman 
 of Thirty, H\ 
 
 Vandieres, General, Comte de, was an old man, very 
 weak, and in his second childhood, when, November 29, 181 2, 
 he took part, with his wife and a large body of soldiers, in an 
 attempt to cross the Beresina on a raft ; the shock caused by 
 striking the other bank threw the count into the river; a piece 
 of ice struck him on the head and he sank like a bullet [Fare- 
 well, e\. 
 
 Vandieres, Comtesse Stephanie de, wife of the pre- 
 ceding, niece of the alienist doctor, Fanjat, the mistress of 
 Major Philippe de Sucy, afterward a general. She was quite 
 young in 181 2, and, during the Russian campaign, shared her 
 husband's danger ; she was able to pass the Beresina, thanks 
 to her lover, but he was separated from her ; for a long time 
 she remained in northeastern Europe; she became insane; 
 she was always pronouncing the significant word ''farewell"; 
 she was found at Strasbourg by a grenadier of the Guards, 
 Fleuriot. She was taken by Fanjat to the home of the Bons- 
 Hommes, near Ile-Adam, where she had as companion an 
 idiot, named Genevieve; Stephanie met Philippe de Sucy, but 
 without recognizing him, in September, 1819; she died near 
 Saint-Germain en Laye, January, 1820, after a repetition of 
 the scene, organized by her lover, of the crossing of the Bere- 
 sina; she recovered her reason, but it killed her [Farewell, e\. 
 
 Vaniere, Raphael de Valentin's gardener, who drew out 
 of the well, into which his master had thrown it, the strange 
 Wild Ass' Skin, which had been pressed and chemically 
 treated in order to distend it, but which disconcerted the 
 efforts of the most illustrious scientists in their efforts to 
 stretch it [The Wild Ass' Skin, A\. 
 
 ^ Mv^-^^L.-/^ /v^U^^C^l^^.^.^ 
 
560 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Vanneaulx, M. and Madame des, small fundholders of 
 Limoges ; they lived, with their two children, on the Rue des 
 Cloches, about the end of the reign of Charles X. ; they in- 
 herited about one hundred thousand francs from Pingret, of 
 whom Mme. des Vanneaulx was the only niece, but only after 
 J. F. Tascheron had assassinated her uncle ; he made this 
 restitution at the instance of Cure Bonnet, and it formed a 
 part of the money stolen on the faubourg Saint-Etienne. M. 
 and Mme. des Vanneaulx, who had accused the murderer of 
 "indelicacy," completely altered their opinion when they 
 were placed in possession of the recovered money [The Coun- 
 try Parson, J^]. 
 
 Vanni, Elisa, a Corsican woman, who, according to a 
 certain Giacomo, saved Luigi Porta, a child, from Bartholomeo 
 di Piombo's terrible vendetta [The Vendetta, %\. 
 
 Vannier, a conscript patriot of Fougeres, Brittany, re- 
 ceived by Gudin in the autumn of 1799, when the orders 
 were given to the National Guard of that town to search for 
 men to reinforce the 7 2d demi-brigade [The Chouans, 'K\. 
 
 Varese, Emilio Memmi, Prince de, born in 1797 ; a very 
 noble Venetian ; the descendant of the ancient Roman family 
 of the Memmius ; he took the name of Prince de Varese when 
 Facino Cane, his relative, died. Memmi lived poor and ob- 
 scure in Venice, which at that time belonged to Austria. At 
 the beginning of the Restoration he was on terms of the 
 greatest friendship with Marco Vendramini, his compatriot. 
 His losses did not permit him to keep any more servants than 
 one old gondolier, Carmagnola. He had a passion for Mas- 
 similla Doni, wife of Due Cataneo, which for a long time 
 remained platonic in spite of his vivacity ; he was once un- 
 faithful to her, not being able to resist the unexpected seduc- 
 tions of Clarina Tinti, who was located in his, Memmi's, 
 palace; she was prima donna assoluta at the Fenise; at 
 length he vanquished his timidity, and, breaking with his 
 <* ideal," made Massimilla Cataneo a mother; he married 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 651 
 
 her when she became a widow, some months after. During 
 Louis-Philippe's reign Varese lived in Paris ; he became 
 wealthy by his marriage, and one evening, in the Champs- 
 Elysees, relieved two indigent artists, the Gambaras, who 
 had become so reduced as to have to sing in public for 
 their living; he asked them to tell him their unfortunate 
 history, which Marianna narrated without bitterness [Massi- 
 milla Doni, jlj^— Gambara, hh\ 
 
 Varese, Princesse de, nee Massimilla Doni, about 1800, 
 wife of the foregoing; she was of a noble, historical, and 
 wealthy Florentine family; she was first married when very 
 young to Due Cataneo, a repulsive person who lived in 
 Venice at the time of Louis XVIII. She was a constant at- 
 tendant at and took great pleasure in the opera at the Fenise 
 during the winter when ** Moses" and " Semiramide " were 
 presented by a troupe in which were Clarina Tinti, Genovese, 
 and Carthagenova. Massimilla recognized a violent love in 
 Emilio Memmi for her, although it was once only platonic ; 
 she loved him equally well in return ; after the death of 
 Cataneo she married him, and afterward went to Paris, under 
 Louis-Philippe ; she there met the Gambaras, while with her 
 husband, and relieved their distress [Massimilla Doni, ff — 
 Gambara, hh\ 
 
 Varlet, a physician at Arcis in the early years of the nine- 
 teenth century, at the time when there were some local 
 political quarrels between the Gondrevilles, Cinq-Cygnes, 
 Hauteserres, and Michu ; he had one daughter, who became 
 Mme. Grevin on her marriage [A Historical Mystery, ff — The 
 Deputy for Arcis, X)X)]. 
 
 Varlet, son of the foregoing, brother-in-law of M. Grevin, 
 and afterward, like his father, a doctor at Arcis [The Deputy 
 for Arcis, T>jy\. 
 
 Vassal, in 1822, Maitre Desroches' third clerk, at Paris; 
 where also were engaged Marest, Godeschal, and Husson 
 [A Start in Life, s\. 
 
552 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Vatel, once the child of the regiment, then corporal of a 
 company of infantry; during the Restoration he became a 
 keeper under Michaud, one of the three who guarded Mont- 
 cornet's estate of the Aigues ; he pursued Mother Tonsard as 
 an evildoer. He was a splendid servant, as gay as a lark, 
 without religious principles, and brave to temerity [The 
 Peasantry, 1?]. 
 
 Vatinelle, Madame, a woman of Mantes, pretty and light 
 enough ; at one time sought by Fraisier the barrister and also 
 by the public prosecutor Olivier Vinet; she '* had not treated 
 the barrister unkindly." The prosecutor soon found a means 
 of forcing out Fraisier, who had been retained by both parties 
 to a suit, and compelled him to sell his practice and quit the 
 town [Cousin Pons, o6\. 
 
 Vauchelles, De, about 1835, ^^P^ "P friendly relations 
 with his compatriot, Amedee de Soulas, and his old college 
 chum, Chavoncourt junior. Vauchelles was also nobly born, 
 but had a much less fortune than Soulas. He sought the 
 hand of Mile. Victoire, the eldest of the Chavoncourt sisters, 
 to whom an aunt, his godmother, gave assurance of a 
 domain bringing in a rental of seven thousand francs, and 
 one hundred thousand francs in money, on the signing of the 
 contract. To Rosalie de Watteville's satisfaction Vauchelles 
 fought the legislative candidature of Albert Savarus along with 
 Chavoncourt senior [Albert Savaron, /""]. 
 
 Vaudoyer, a peasant at Ronquerolles, who became a 
 country policeman at Blangy; but deprived of his position, 
 1 82 1, to the benefit of Groison, by Montcornet, then mayor of 
 the commune, he sustained Rigou and Gaubertin against the 
 new owner of the Aigues [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Vaudremont, Comtesse de, born in 1787; wealthy and 
 already a widow at twenty-two years of age; in 1809 she 
 passed for being the most beautiful Parisian of the time and 
 was "society's queen." In November of that year she 
 
COMA DIE HUM A IN E. 553 
 
 assisted at a grand ball given by Malin de Gondreville* at 
 which the Emperor was vainly expected. She was the mistress 
 of Comte de Soulanges and Martial de la Roche-Hugon ; from 
 the former Mme. de Vaudremont had received a ring taken 
 from the countess' jewel casket ; she in turn made a present 
 of it to Martial, who wore it on his finger at the Gondreville 
 ball, where he gave it to Mme. de Soulanges, without knowing 
 that he was making restitution. Mme. de Vaudremont's 
 death followed soon after this incident, which brought about 
 the reconciliation of the Soulanges' household. The countess 
 perished in the well-known fire which happened during a fete 
 given by the Austrian ambassador on the occasion of the Em- 
 peror's marriage to Marie-Louise. The hotel of the embassy 
 occupied part of the Rue de la Chausee d'Antin — then the 
 Rue du Mont-Blanc — between Rues de la Victoire and Saint- 
 Lazare [Peace in the House, j\ 
 
 Vaumerland, Baronne de, a friend of Mme. de I'Amber- 
 mesnil ; she boarded in the Marais, but when her term expired 
 '* she would become one of Mme. Vauquer's boarders in the 
 establishment on the Rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve " ; at least 
 so Mme. de I'Ambermesnil affirmed [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Vauquelin, Nicolas- Louis, a celebrated chemist and mem- 
 ber of the Institute; born at Saint-Andre d'Hebertot, in 
 1763; died in 1829. The son of a peasant; distinguished 
 by Pourcroy ; successively a pharmacist at Paris, inspector of 
 mines, professor at the School of Pharmacy, the Medical 
 School, the Jardin des Plantes, and the College de France. 
 He gave Cesar Birotteau a recipe for a cosmetic for the hands, 
 which the perfumer called the "Double Sultana Paste," and 
 was consulted by him on the subject of the " Cephalic Oil," 
 which was likely to cause the hair to grow. Nicolas Vau- 
 quelin was invited to the famous ball given by the perfumer, 
 December 17, 18 18. Cesar Birotteau presented to the scien- 
 
 * As an exception, Malin de Gondreville has his biography given as 
 Gondreville ; this politician is mostly known under his second name. 
 
554 COMPENDIUM 
 
 tist a proof engraving by Muller, after the Virgin of Dresden, 
 printed on China paper, and proof before letters, which cost 
 him fifteen hundred francs and had been found in Germany- 
 after two years of search, in recognition of his good advice 
 [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Vauquer, Madame, nee Conflans about 1767; a widow 
 who, so she pretended, had fallen from a brilliant position 
 through misfortunes ; for a long time she kept a middle-class 
 boarding-house, near the Rue de I'Arbalete, Rue Neuve-Sainte- 
 Genevidve,* Paris. In 1819-20 Mme. Vauquer, who was a 
 little, cold, fat woman, well enough preserved, although con- 
 siderably faded, had Horace Bianchon as a constant fre- 
 quenter of her table d'hote, and she found lodgings on the first 
 floor of her house for Mme. Couture and Mile. Taillefer ; on 
 the second there were Poiret senior and Jacques Collin ; on 
 the third, Christine-Michelle Michonneau (the future Mme. 
 Poiret), Joachim Goriot (the latter of whom at one time she 
 looked upon as a possible husband for herself), and Eugene 
 de Rastignac. She lost her different guests at the time of 
 Jacques Collin's arrest [Father Goriot, 6r]. 
 
 Vauremont, Princesse de, one of the grandest figures 
 of the eighteenth century ; the grandmother of Mme. Marie 
 Gaston, who worshiped her; died in Paris, 1817, the same 
 year as Mme. de Stael, in a suite of rooms of a hotel belong- 
 ing to the Chaulieus, situated near the Boulevard des Invalides. 
 Mme. de Vauremont occupied the same apartments that were 
 afterward used by Louise de Chaulieu (Mme. Marie Gaston). 
 Talleyrand, an intimate friend of the princess, was her testa- 
 mentary executor [Letters of Two Brides, v\ 
 
 Vauthier, called Vieux-Chene, an old servant of the 
 famous Longuy ; groom at the Crown of France, Mortagne, 
 1809 ; he was implicated in the Chauffeur affair, and was 
 sentenced to twenty years' hard labor, but the Emperor after- 
 ward pardoned him ; he perished in Paris, killed by an 
 * Now the Rue Tournefort. 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 555 
 
 obscure and devoted companion of Chevalier du Vissard 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Vauthier, Madame, was, 1809, the daughter of the Prince 
 de Wissembourg's cook, on the Rue Louis-le-Grand ; then 
 cook to Barbet the bookseller, the owner of a furnished apart- 
 ment house. Boulevard Montparnesse ; later, about 1833, she 
 managed another similar place for him, of which she was also 
 the janitress. Mme. Vauthier at that time employed Nepo- 
 mucene and Felicite to work in the house; as tenants she 
 had Bourlac, Vanda and Auguste Mergi, and Godefroid 
 [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 Vautrin,* the most famous of the names assumed by 
 Jacques Collin. 
 
 Vauvinet, born about 1817, a Parisian usurer; had all 
 the elegant and modern surroundings, an absolutely different 
 type to the Chaboisseau-Gobseck : he made the Boulevard des 
 Italiens the centre of his operations ; was a creditor of Baron 
 Hulot's, to the amount, at one time, of seventy thousand 
 francs; and then at another time of forty thousand francs, 
 in reality money loaned by Nucingen [Cousin Betty, w\. In 
 1845 Leon de Lora and J. J. Bixiou pointed him out to S. P. 
 Gazonal [The Unconscious Mummers, u\ 
 
 Vavasseur, a clerk in the Bureau of Finance, Clergeot's 
 division, under the Empire. He had as a successor in his 
 place E. L. L. E. Cochin [Les Employes, cc\ 
 
 Vedie, La, born in 1756; an ugly old maid, whose face 
 was ravaged by the smallpox; a distinguished cordon bleu; she 
 came away from the house of a cure who died without leaving 
 her anything, and entered the J. J. Rouget household as cook, 
 by the intervention of Flore Brazier and Maxence Gilet. 
 
 * On March 14, 1840, the Porte-Saint-Martin theatre presented a drama 
 in which the famous convict was one of the principal heroes. Frederick 
 Lemaitre played the leading ro'e ; the piece had but that one representa- 
 tion ; nevertheless the Ambigu-Comique repeated it in April, i868, with 
 the same Frederick Lemaitre. 
 
556 COMPENDIUM 
 
 An income of three hundred livres would have recompensed 
 her, after ten years of good, discreet, and loyal service [A 
 Bachelor's Establishment, «7]. 
 
 Vendramini, Marco, whose name was also pronounced 
 Vendramin;* probably a descendant of the last doge of 
 Venice; brother of Bianca Sagredo, nee Vendramini; a Vene- 
 tian patriot ; the intimate friend of Prince Memmi-Cane de 
 Var^se. In the drunkenness arising from opium, his great 
 reliance, about 1820, Marco Vendramini again found freedom 
 and power ; his cherished city was then in the power of the 
 Austrians. Marco talked to Memmi of Venice, of his dreams, 
 of the famous Florian of the Procuraties, sometimes in mod- 
 ern Greek, at another in their native tongue; at one time 
 as they promenaded together, at another before la Vulpato 
 and the Castaneos, during the performance of '*S6miramide," 
 of **I1 Barbiere," and " Moses," interpreted by la Tinti and 
 Genovese. A victim to excess of opium, Vendramini died, 
 while still young, under Louis XVIII. ; he was mourned by his 
 friends [Facino Cane, /? — Massimilla Doni, ff\ 
 
 Vergniaud, Louis, who made with Hyacinthe-Chabert 
 and Luigi Porta the campaign of Egypt; we find him a 
 quartermaster in the hussars when he left the service. In 
 Paris he was successively, under the Restoration, a dairyman, 
 Rue du Petit-Banquier; a livery man, and a hack driver. As 
 a dairyman, Vergniaud was married and the father of three 
 sons; he was Grados' debtor, but Chabert's benevolence 
 ended in his being discomfited ; he also assisted Luigi Porta 
 when he was unfortunate, and was his witness when the Corsi- 
 can married Mile, di Piombo. Louis became mixed up in the 
 conspiracies against Louis XVIII., and was imprisoned for 
 political off'enses [Colonel Chabert, i — The Vendetta, i]. 
 
 * The Vendramin palace is still called by that name ; the Duchesse de 
 Berry and Comte de Chambord own it ; it was there that Wagner, the mu- 
 sician, died. The Vendramin palace is laved by the Grand-Canal, and is 
 a near neighbor of the Justiniani palace — now the Hdtel de 1' Europe. 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE. 557 
 
 Vermanton, a cynical philosopher, a frequenter of Mme. 
 Schontz's salon, 1835 ^^ 1840, at the time when she was the 
 head of Arthur de Rochefide's household [Beatrix, J*]. 
 
 Vermichel, habitually nicknamed Vert, Michel-Jean- 
 Jerome. 
 
 Vermut, a pharmacist at Soulanges, under the Restoration ; 
 brother-in-law to Sarcus, justice of the peace, who had married 
 his eldest sister. A distinguished enough chemist, Vermut 
 was nevertheless the object of the pleasantries and scorn of the 
 Soudry salon, particularly on Gourdon's part. In spite of 
 being so little esteemed in " the first society of Soulanges," 
 Vermut showed some capacity when he made Mme. Pigeron 
 uneasy by proving that poison existed in the corpse of the 
 defunct Pigeron [The Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Vermut, Madame, wife of the foregoing; the brood- 
 mare of Mme. Soudry's salon, who found it bad form and 
 blamed her for coquetting with Gourdon, the author of **la 
 Bilboqueide" [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Vernal, Abbe, with Chatillon, Suzannet, and Comte de 
 Fontaine, one of the four chiefs of the Vendee, 1799, at the 
 time when Montauran fought Hulot [The Chouans, JB]. 
 
 Vernet, Joseph, born in 1714; died 1789; a celebrated 
 French painter; M. Guillaume, Sommervieux's father-in-law, 
 of the *' Cat and Racket," supplied him with cloth [At the 
 Sign of the Cat and Racket, t\ 
 
 Verneuil, Marquis de, belonged to a historical family, 
 and probably one of the ancestors of the Verneuils of the 
 eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In 1591 he frequented 
 the Norman gentleman, Comte d'Herouville, an ancestor of 
 the protector of Josepha Mirah, a star at the Academy about 
 1838. The friendship between the two houses lasted through 
 the centuries [The Hated Son, ;§?]. 
 
 Verneuil, Victor-Amedee, Due de, who must have de- 
 scended from the foregoing, and who died before the Revo- 
 lution ; he had, outside his marriage with Mile. Blanche de 
 
558 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Casteran, a daughter, Marie-Nathalie (afterward Mme. Al- 
 phonse de Montauran) ; he acknowledged her during the last 
 hours of his life, and, to the advantage of that natural child, 
 nearly disinherited his legitimate son [The Chouans, J5]. 
 
 Verneuil, Mademoiselle de; probably a relative of the 
 foregoing ones ; sister of the Prince de Loudon, the Vendean 
 cavalry general ; she went to Mans to save him, but perished 
 on the scaffold, after the Savenay affair, in 1793 [The Chou- 
 ans, JB>\ 
 
 Verneuil, Due de, son of Due Victor-Amedee de Verneuil 
 and brother of Mme. Alphonse de Montauran, with whom he 
 had a trial to recover the paternal heritage ; during the Resto- 
 ration he lived in the town of Alen^on, and there frequented 
 the d'Esgrignons' house. Daring the reign of Louis XVIIL 
 he made himself the protector and introducer of Victurnien 
 d'Esgrignon [The Chouans, ^ — The Collection of Antiqui- 
 ties, acC\. 
 
 Verneuil, Due de, of the family of the preceding ones ; 
 he assisted at the festival given by Josepha Mirah, the Due 
 d'Herouville's mistress, when she inaugurated her sumptuous 
 apartments on the Rue de la Ville-d'Eveque, under Louis- 
 Philippe [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Verneuil, Due de, an affable great lord, the son-in-law of 
 a wealthy first president who died in 1800 ; he was the father 
 of four children, among whom were Prince Gaspard de 
 Loudon and Mile. Laure ; he owned the historic castle of 
 Rosembray, in the Brotonne forest, near 1' Havre; there 
 he received one day in the month of October, 1829, the 
 Mignons de la Bastie, accompanied by the Herouvilles, de 
 Canalis, and Ernest de la Briere, each of whom at that time 
 desired to marry Modeste Mignon, who later became Mme. 
 de la Briere de la Bastie [Modeste Mignon, JK.\ 
 
 Verneuil, Duchesse Hortense de, wife of the foregoing ; 
 a haughty and religious person ; the daughter of an opulent 
 first president; died in 1800. She was only spared two of 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE, 559 
 
 her four children — her daughter Laure and Prince Gaspard 
 de Loudon ; she frequently called upon the Herouvilles, and 
 received them at Rosembray during a day in the month of 
 October, 1829, together with the Mignons de la Bastie, and 
 also Melchior de Canalis and Ernest de la Briere [Modeste 
 Mignon, K.\ 
 
 Verneuil, Laure de, daughter of the foregoing. At 
 Rosembray, on the day of the festival in October, 1829, 
 Eleonore de Chaulieu gave her advice how to work em- 
 broidery or tapestry [Modeste Mignon, JK.\ 
 
 Verneuil, Duchesse de, sister of Prince de Blamont- 
 Chauvry ; the intimate friend of the Duchesse de Bourbon ; 
 very tried by the tempests of the Revolution ; the aunt and 
 in some sort the mother by adoption of Blanche-Henriette de 
 Mortsauf {nee Lenoncourt). She formed a portion of a 
 society of which Saint-Martin was the soul. The Duchesse 
 de Verneuil, who owned the domain of Clochegourde in 
 Touraine, gave it during her life to Mme. de Mortsauf, re- 
 serving only one chamber for herself. Mme. de Verneuil 
 died at the beginning of the nineteenth century [The Lily of 
 the Valley, X]. 
 
 Verneuil,* Marie-Nathalie de. See Montauran, Mar- 
 quise Alphonse de. 
 
 Vernier, Baron, surveyor-general ; Baron Hector Hulot 
 d'Ervy's surety; he met him at the Ambigu theatre, 1843, 
 accompanied by a superb woman. He afterward received a 
 visit from the Baronne Adeline Hulot, who came for informa- 
 tion about him [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 Vernier, an old dyer who lived on his income at Vouvray, 
 Touraine, since about 1821 ; a sly countryman ; the father of 
 a married daughter called Claire; he was challenged by Felix 
 
 *0n June 23, 1837, under the title of "The Gars," the Ambigu- 
 Comique gave a drama by Antony Beraud, in five acts and six tableaux, 
 which reproduced, with some modifications, the adventures of Marie- 
 Nathalie de Montauran, nke Veraeuil. 
 
560 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Gaudissart for having played a practical joke on the celebrated 
 drummer ; he fought a duel with pistols with him as a result 
 [Gaudissart the Great, o\ 
 
 Vernier, Madame, wife of the foregoing ; a plump little 
 body, of robust health ; the friend of Mme. Margaritis ; with 
 much impressment she contributed to the practical joke de- 
 signed by her husband against Felix Gaudissart [73/^.]. 
 
 Vernisset, Victor de, a poet of the ''angelic school," 
 of which the academician Canalis was the head ; a contem- 
 porary of Beranger, Delavigne, Lamartine, Lousteau, Nathan, 
 Vigny, Hugo, Barbier, Marie-Gaston, and Gautier ; he mixed 
 with the best Parisians ; he is seen at the home of the Brother- 
 hood of Consolation, Rue Chanoinesse, and he received 
 money from the Baronne de la Chanterie, the president of 
 that association ; he is also found on the Rue Chauchat, at 
 Heldise Brisetout's, when she hung her pot-hook up in the 
 apartments in which she succeeded Jos6pha Mirah; there 
 he met J. J. Bixiou, Leon de Lora, Etienne Lousteau, and 
 Stidmann ; he was foolishly smitten by Mme. Schontz. He 
 was invited to Celestin Crevel's and Valerie Marneffe's wed- 
 ding [The Seamy Side of History, T — Beatrix, J* — Cousin 
 Betty, w\. 
 
 Vernon, Marechal, father of the Due de Vissembourg 
 and Prince Chiavari [Beatrix, JP]. 
 
 Vernou, Felicien, a Parisian journalist. He used his 
 influence to obtain a first appearance for Marie Godeschal, 
 called Mariette, at the Porte Saint-Martin theatre. The 
 husband of an ugly, crabbed, and vulgar woman ; by her he 
 had children who were poor Venuses. He occupied a poor 
 lodging on the Rue Mandar, when Lucien de Rubempre was 
 introduced to him. Vernou was a sharp critic ; he was 
 of the Opposition. The disagreeableness of the interior of 
 his house soured his nature and his talent. A type whose end 
 is envy, he jealously pursued Lucien de Rubempre with habitual 
 hatred [A Bachelor's Establishment, e/"— A Distinguished 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE, 561 
 
 Provincial at Paris, ilT— The Harlot's Progress, Y]. In 
 1834 Blondet recommended him to Nathan as a " Maitre 
 Jacques" that it was possible for his journal to utilize [A 
 Daughter of Eve, V\ Felicien Vernou was invited to 
 Celestin Crevel's and Valerie Marneffe's wedding ^Cousin 
 Betty, w\ 
 
 Vernou, Madame, wife of the foregoing, whose vulgarity 
 was one of the causes of her husband's bitterness ; she showed 
 this on the very day that Lucien de Rubempre called, on the 
 Rue Mandar ; she named amongst her friends a certain Mme. 
 Mahoudeau [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, Jf]. 
 
 Vert, Michel-Jean-Jerome, nicknamed Vermichel; an 
 old fiddler in the Burgundy regiment, under the Restoration ; 
 beside being a fiddler he was at the same time the janitor at 
 the town hall, the Soulanges drummer, jailer of the prison, 
 and lastly Brunet's bookkeeper. The intimate friend of Four- 
 chon, he drank with him and partook his hate against the 
 Montcornets, who owned the Aigues [The Peasantry, K\. 
 
 Vert, Madame Michel, wife of the foregoing; like him 
 she was called Vermichel ; she was a virago in mustaches, a 
 metre in height, and weighed two hundred and forty pounds ; 
 she was agile notwithstanding, and drove her husband [The 
 Peasantry, JJ]. 
 
 Vervelle, Antenor, a grotesque middle-class man of 
 Paris, who made his fortune as a wholesale butcher. Retired 
 from trade, Vervelle became, in his way, an amateur of paint- 
 ings ; he wished to create a picture gallery ; he believed that 
 he was a Flanders collector — Teniers, Metzus, and Rembrandts; 
 he engaged Elie Magus in the formation of his museum, and, 
 by the intermediary of that Jew, he married his daughter 
 Virginie to Pierre Grassou. Vervelle at that time owned and 
 lived in a house on the Rue Boucherat, a part of the Rue 
 Saint-Louis,* near the Rue Chariot. He also owned a cottage 
 at Ville-d'Avry, which contained the famous Flanders gallery 
 * Now the Rue de Turenne. 
 36 
 
562 COMPENDIUM 
 
 of painted pictures, all in reality by Pierre Grassou [Pierre 
 Grassou, r\. 
 
 Vervelle, Madame Antenor, wife of the foregoing ; she 
 willingly accepted Pierre Grassou as her son-in-law, when she 
 knew that Maitre Cardot was his notary. Mme. Vervelle was 
 alarmed, nevertheless, when Joseph Bridau made a sudden 
 irruption into Pierre's studio and ''touched up" the portrait 
 of Mile. Virginie, who later became Mme. Grassou \IbidJ\. 
 
 Vervelle, Virginie. See Grassou, Madame Pierre. 
 
 Veze, Abbe de, a priest of Mortagne, under the Empire; 
 he administered the last sacraments to Mme. Bryond des 
 Tours-Minieres, executed in 1810; he afterward became a 
 member of the Brotherhood of Consolation, at Mme. de la 
 Chanterie's, Rue Chanoinesse, Paris [The Seamy Side of 
 History, T\ 
 
 Viallet, an excellent gendarme, appointed about 1821; 
 corporal at Soulanges vice Soudry, retired [The Peasantry, J^]. 
 
 Victoire, Mme. de Restaud's chambermaid. See Con- 
 stance. 
 
 Victoire, the friend, servant, or neighbor of Coralie, Rue 
 de Vendome, Paris, 182 1. She assisted the sick Lucien de 
 Rubempre into Coralie's apartments on the Rue de Vendome, 
 after the first presentation of " I'Alcade dans I'embarras," 
 and following the orgie on the Rue de Bendy. Coralie 
 to her chambermaid: '' 'Did the porter see us? Was there 
 any one else about,' she asked. ' No, I was sitting up for 
 you.' 'Does Victoire know anything?' 'Rather not!' 
 returned Berenice " [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, iHf ]. 
 
 Victoire was, in 1819, the servant of Charles Claparon, 
 banker, Rue de Provence, Paris: "a very Leonarde dressed 
 like a fish hawker" [Cesar Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Victor, surnamed the Parisian ; a mysterious person who 
 lived maritally with the Marquis d'Aiglemont's eldest daugh- 
 ter and who made her a mother a number of times. Pursued 
 by the police, Victor, who had assassinated the Baron de 
 
COM^DIE HUMAINE, 563 
 
 Mauny, found asylum for four hours, during the Noel night 
 in one of the latter years of the Restoration, in a house, 57 
 Avenue de Paris, near the Montreuil barrier, Versailles, the 
 home of Helene d'Aiglemont's* parents, whence she fled with 
 him. Under Louis-Philippe, Victor, a Columbian corsair, 
 captain of The Othello, again met General d'Aiglemont, 
 the father of his mistress, who had been a passenger on the 
 Saint-Ferdinand and whose life he had saved ; he was liv- 
 ing very happily with his family, which was composed of 
 himself, Mile. d'Aiglemont, and some children she had borne 
 him. Victor perished at sea during a shipwreck [A Woman 
 of Thirty, S\ 
 
 Victorine, a celebrated dressmaker of Paris ; among her 
 customers she had the Duchess Cataneo, Louise de Chaulieu, 
 and perhaps Mme. de Bargeton [Massimilla Doni, ff — Lost 
 Illusions, JV^-Letters of Two Brides, v\. Her successors in- 
 herited her name and boasted of " the intelligent scissors of 
 Victorine IV.," at the end of Louis-Philippe's reign, at the 
 time when Fritot sold a shawl, which he called the '* Selim " 
 shawl, to Mrs. Nosweir[Gaudissart 11. , ri\. 
 
 Victorine, 2i chiffo?imere vfhowzs, with Mesdames Josephine 
 Madou, Tancrede, and Matifat, one of the four godmothers 
 who, as it were, adopted Charles Dorlange-Sallenauve [The 
 Deputy for Arcis, _DJD]. 
 
 Vidal & Porchon, commission booksellers, Paris, 1821. 
 Lucien de Rubempre had occasion to judge their mode of 
 operations when he had been brutally enough refused by them 
 to bring out his ** Archer of Charles IX." and a volume of 
 poetry. Vidal & Porchon at that time had works in their 
 warehouse by Keratry, Arlingcourt, and Victor Ducange. 
 
 * The murderess of one of her brothers, H6l^ne d'Aiglemont had been 
 strangely stricken at a play she attended with her father and one of her 
 brothers, the title being " The Valley of the Torrent ; or, The Murderess," 
 a melodrama by Frederic in three acts ; played for the first time at the 
 Porte Saint-Martin, May 29, 18 16. 
 
564 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Vidal was a stout, brusque man ; he traveled for the firm ; 
 Porchon was more diplomatic and cooler; he seemed to have 
 special charge of the business in Paris [A Distinguished Pro- 
 vincial at Paris, Ji"]. 
 
 Vien, Joseph-Marie, a celebrated painter, born at Mont- 
 pellier, 1716; died at Rome, 1809. In 1758 he assisted, 
 together with AUegrain and Southerbourg, his friend Sarrasine 
 in carrying off Zambinella to the studio of the sculptor, who 
 was foolishly smitten by the castrate, believing it to be a 
 woman. Afterward Vien made a copy of the statue modeled 
 by Sarrasine from Zambinella for Mme. de Lanty, and this 
 picture by Vien inspired Girodel, the signer of "Endymion." 
 The statue of Zambinella made by Sarrasine was a long time 
 after reproduced by the sculptor Dorian ge-Sallenauve [Sarra- 
 sine, ds, II. — The Deputy for Arcis, Djy\. 
 
 Vieux-Chapeau, a soldier in the 72d demi-brigade, 
 known by Jean Falcon (called Beau-Pied) ; he was killed in an 
 engagement with the Chouans in September, 1799 [The 
 Chouans, ^]. 
 
 Vigneau, in the commune of I'lsere, of which Bennassis 
 was like the creator, bravely took the management of an aban- 
 doned tile works and was prosperous \ he lived in the midst of 
 a united family, consisting of his mother, his mother-in-law, 
 and his wife ; at one time he had been in the service of the 
 Graviers, Grenoble [The Country Doctor, C\ 
 
 Vigneau, Madame, wife of the foregoing ; a perfect house- 
 keeper, who graciously received Genestas, introduced to her 
 by Benassis ; Mme. Vigneau at that time was on the eve of 
 becoming a mother [The Country Doctor, O]. 
 
 Vignol. See Bouffe.* 
 
 Vignon, Claud or Claude, French critic, born in 1799; 
 possessed remarkable qualities as an analyst in the study of all 
 questions of art, literature, philosophy, and politics. He 
 
 * The paymaster Gravier procured a number of autographs from Bouff6, 
 the actor, for Mme. de la Baudraye's album. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 565 
 
 finally became a judge, reliable and sure, and of strong mind, 
 well known in Paris in 1821 ; at this time he assisted with 
 Florine, an actress at the Panorama-Dramatique, in a supper 
 given at the first representation of " I'Alcade dans I'embarras," 
 and joined in a brilliant discussion with Emilie Blondet, 
 formerly a diplomat to Germany [A Distinguished Provincial 
 at Paris, Jf ]. In 1834, in the journal founded by Raoul 
 Nathan, he had charge as ''high critic" [A Daughter of 
 Eve, Y\ For a long time Vignon had as mistress Felicite 
 des Touches (Camille Maupin). In 1836 he visited Italy, in 
 the company of Leon de Lora, when he heard Maurice de 
 I'Hostal (the first consul at Genoa) recount the conjugal 
 differences of the Bauvans [Honorine, fe]. Again, in 1836, 
 at Touches, on the Lower Loire, Vignon broke off his 
 relations with Camille Maupin; seeing with almost super- 
 natural penetration, told in a genuine, sentimental conver- 
 sation, that his quondam mistress was in love with another. 
 The subject of this talk was the relations of Calyste du Guenic, 
 Gennaro Conti, and Beatrix Rochefide. Of such science of 
 the human heart as he knew, however small it might be, he 
 found that all companionship finally became sad and tiresome; 
 he looked upon a debauch as a remedy against ennui ; he often 
 visited and helped mould the character of Schontz, a courtesan 
 of superior abilities [Beatrix, JP]. Following this he had an 
 ambition to be secretary to the minister of War, Cottin de 
 Wissembourg : this position brought him in contact with 
 •y Valerie Marneffe, whom he secretly loved ; he was intimate 
 with Stidmann, Steinbock, and Massol, and was with them a 
 witness of the second marriage of the Marneffe woman with 
 Crevel. He figured as one of the regular guests at Valerie's 
 drawing-rooms, with " Jean -Jacques Bixiou, the wit, and 
 Lisbeth Fischer, the cunning" [Cousin Betty, w?]. He sup- 
 ported the government of Louis-Philippe, became a writer on 
 the "Journal des Debats," and master of requests to the 
 Council of State. Claud Vignon is also used in the trial 
 
666 COMPENDIUM 
 
 pending between Gazonal and the prefect of the Eastern 
 Pyrenees ; he had a position in the library, a chair in the Sor- 
 bonne, and the decoration ; he was also on the committee 
 which passed on Gazonal's case, in which he favored him 
 [The Unconscious Mummers, if], Vignon's reputation for 
 the rest is a great one, and, in our day, Mme. Noemi Rouvier, 
 sculptor and novelist, signs her works under the name of this 
 critic. 
 
 Vigor, manager of post-horses at Ville-aux-Fayes, under 
 the Restoration ; major in the National Guard in that sub- 
 prefecture ; the brother-in-law of the banker Leclercq, whose 
 sister he married [The Peasantry, J?]. 
 
 Vigor, younger brother of the foregoing; in 1823 he was 
 lieutenant in the gendarmes at Ville-aux-Fayes. He married 
 Sibilet's sister ; her brother was clerk of the court in the same 
 sub-prefecture [The Peasantry, _R]. 
 
 Vigor, son of the foregoing, and, like his family, interested 
 in protecting Francois Gaubertin against Montcornet ; in 1823 
 he was substitute judge of the court at Ville-aux-Fayes [The 
 Peasantry, jR]. 
 
 Villemot, head clerk to the bailiff Tabareau ; in April, 
 1845, h^ was commissioned to look after and see to the 
 details in the burying of Sylvain Pons; also to look after 
 Schmucke's interests, who was the designated universal legatee 
 of the deceased. Villemot was secured by Fraisier, the man 
 of business of the Camusots de Marville [Cousin Pons, oc\. 
 
 Villenoix, Salomon de, the son of a Jew, named Salomon, 
 who became very wealthy and married a Catholic in his old 
 age. Raised in his mother's religion, he made a barony of 
 his estate of Villenoix [Louis Lambert, tf]. 
 
 Villenoix, Pauline Salomon de, born about 1800; the 
 natural daughter of .the foregoing. Under the Restoration 
 she suffered for her origin. Her nature and superiority were 
 looked upon as being evil in the provinces. Her meeting 
 with Louis Lambert decided her life. Their community of 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE. 567 
 
 age and country, and the scorn and pride of their hearts as- 
 similated ; it resulted in a reciprocal passion. Mile. Salomon 
 de Villenoix was about to marry Louis Lambert, when a 
 scientist declared that he was suffering from a mental malady. 
 Pauline frequently dispelled the crises of his disease; she 
 cared for, advised, and managed him, notably at Croisic, 
 where, on Mile, de Villenoix's advice, Louis took up his pen 
 to relate, under the form of a letter, the tragic misfortunes of 
 the Cambremers, with which he was well acquainted. Pauline 
 returned to Villenoix with her fiance, she received him there 
 and she understood his every thought, given with a grandiose 
 incoherence ; she saw him die in her arms, and she ever after 
 considered herself as Louis Lambert's widow ; he was interred 
 in her park of Villenoix [Louis Lambert, u — A Seaside 
 Tragedy, e\. Two years later, a worn-out woman, almost 
 retired from the world, she lived in the town of Tours ; she 
 was full of sympathy for the weak ; and Pauline de Villenoix 
 protected Abbe Francois Birotteau, Troubert's victim [The 
 Abbe Birotteau, t], 
 
 Vilquin, the richest captain of privateers in Havre, under 
 the Restoration ; he bought all the ruined Charles Mignon's 
 properties, with the exception of a cottage given by Mignon 
 to Dumay : this habitation was contiguous to the millionaire's 
 superb villa, and was the despair of Vilquin ; Dumay obsti- 
 nately refused to sell it [Modeste Mignon, K\ 
 
 Vilquin, Madame, wife of the foregoing; d'Estourny had 
 been her lover before turning his attentions to Bettina-Caro- 
 line Mignon ; she made her husband the father of three chil- 
 dren, of whom two were daughters ; the eldest, richly dowered, 
 became Mme. Francisque Althor [Modeste Mignon, K\ 
 
 Vimeux, in 1824, was a modest justice of the peace in 
 the department of the North ; he condemned the kind of life 
 led by his son Adolphe in Paris [Les Employes, cc]. 
 
 Vimeux, Adolphe, son of the foregoing, was, in 1824, a 
 copying-clerk in the Bureau of Finance, in Xavier Rabour- 
 
568 COMPENDIUM 
 
 din's office. Very elegant and exclusively occupied in his 
 toilet, he was content to take his meagre ordinary at the 
 tavern-keeper Katcomb's,* and became Antoine's (the door- 
 keeper of the bureau) debtor. His secret ambition was to 
 succeed in marying some rich old woman [Les Employes, cc\. 
 
 Vinet had a painful commencement. A deception at- 
 tended the opening of his career. He had seduced a Charge- 
 boeuf, and he thought that her parents, accepting him in 
 marriage, would richly endower their daughter ; but when he 
 married Mile, de Chargeboeuf she was abandoned by her 
 family, and he had to rely solely upon himself. Vinet, as a 
 barrister of Provins, made but little headway ; he was the head 
 of the local Opposition, thanks to Gouraud's concurrence ; 
 he exploited Denis Rogron, a wealthy, retired merchant, and 
 founded the " Courrier de Provins," a Liberal gazette which 
 cunningly defended the Rogrons, when accused of having 
 slowly assassinated Pierrette Lorrain ; he was elected deputy 
 about 1830; became also public prosecutor, and possibly a 
 minister of justice [Pierrette, % — The Deputy for Arcis, Djy 
 — The Middle Classes, ee — Cousin Pons, x]. 
 
 Vinet, Madame, wife of the foregoing, nee Chargebceuf, 
 and as a consequence one of the descendants of that " noble 
 old family of Brie, whose name came from the exploit of a 
 groom in Saint-Louis' expedition"; she was the mother of 
 two children, who sufficed for her happiness. She was abso- 
 lutely dominated by her sacrificed husband ; she was repu- 
 diated by her own family since her mesalliance. Mme. Vinet 
 dared, amongst the Rogrons, to take the part of Pierrette 
 Lorrain, their victim [Pierrette, i]. 
 
 Vinet, Olivier, son of the foregoing, born in 1816. A 
 judge like his father, he made his debut as substitute prose- 
 cutor at Arcis, passing from thence to a similar post in the 
 
 * This culinary establishment, which was renowned for its roast beef, 
 was still in existence about 1848, on the Rue des Petits-Champs — then 
 the Neuve-des- Petits-Champs — near the Rue d'Antin. 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 569 
 
 town of Mantes, afterward was a substitute at Paris. The 
 paternal reputation, impertinent raillery, in this Vinet was 
 particularly great. Amongst the Arcis folk Olivier only 
 frequented the little colony of functionaries composed of 
 Goulard, Michu, and Marest [The Deputy for Arcis, X>X>]. 
 The rival of Maitre Fraisier in the affections of Mme. Vati- 
 nelle, of Mantes, he resolved to win out by breaking his career 
 [Cousin Pons, dc\. Vinet was at the Thuilliers, Rue Saint- 
 Dominique d'Enfer, Paris, where he trotted out his habitual 
 impertinence ; he was one of the pretenders to the hand of 
 Celeste CoUeville, who later became Mme. Felix Phellion 
 [The Middle Classes, ee\. 
 
 Violette, a farmer who had the Grouage farm near Arcis, 
 which was a dependency of the Gondreville estate at the time 
 that Peyrade and Corentin, following the instructions of 
 Fouche, carried out the strange abduction of Malin de Gon- 
 dreville and won the day against Michu, the mysterious agent 
 of the Cinq-Cygne, Hauteserre, and Simeuse families [A 
 Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Violette, Jean, a hosier of Arcis in 1837; after Phileas 
 Beauvisage he took Pigoult's commercial establishment ; in the 
 electoral movement of 1839 Jean Violette seems to have 
 remained on the side of the house of Malin de Gondreville 
 [The Deputy for Arcis, Tyiy\. 
 
 Virginie, a cook in Cesar Birotteau's house, 1818 [C^sar 
 Birotteau, O]. 
 
 Virginie, between the years 1835-36, Rue Neuve-des- 
 Mathurins,* Paris, was chambermaid of Marie-Eugenie du 
 Tillet, at that time fully occupied with Ang^lique-Marie de 
 Vandenesse's imprudences [A Daughter of Eve, V\ 
 
 Virginie, the mistress of a Provencal soldier, who after- 
 ward, during Bonaparte's campaign in Egypt, lived for some 
 time lost in the desert, where he had a panther for his com- 
 panion [A Passion in the Desert, d^s, II.]. 
 * Now the Rue des Mathurins. 
 
570 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Virginie, a Parisian milliner, whose hats were lauded by 
 Andoche Finot's newspaper for a monetary consideration, 
 1821 [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, ilfT]. 
 
 Virlaz, a wealthy furrier of Leipzic, whose heir, in the 
 middle of Louis-Philippe's reign, was his nephew, Frederic 
 Brunner. During his lifetime that Israelite, the head of the 
 firm of Virlaz & Co., was distrustful of Brunner senior, the 
 Frankfort innkeeper, and he deposited Mme. Brunner's fortune 
 — the first of that name — in the Al-Sartchild bank safes 
 [Cousin Pons, d(^\. 
 
 Vissard, Marquis du, was, in remembrance of Chevalier 
 Rifoel du Vissard, his younger brother, created a peer of 
 France by Louis XVIIL; he gave him admission, as a lieu- 
 tenant, in the Maison-Rouge ; and appointed him prefect 
 when once the Maison-Rouge was dissolved [The Seamy Side 
 of History, T\ 
 
 Vissard, Charles-Amedee-Louis- Joseph Rifoel, Chev- 
 alier DU, a gentleman possessing an entirely noble character ; 
 he played an important part in the divers anti-revolutionary 
 insurrections in the West of France after 1789. In December, 
 1799, he is found at Vivetidre, where his impatience contrasted 
 with the cool matter-of-fact methods of the Marquis Alphonse 
 de Montauran, called the Gars [The Chouans, ^]. He took 
 part in the Quiberon combat, and with Boislaurier took the 
 initiative in the "Chauffeurs de Mortagne " affair. Many 
 circumstances still contributed to increase his Royalism : 
 Fergus found in Henriette Bryond des Tours-Minieres a 
 second Diana Vernon, and became her lover; further, his 
 monarchical zeal was inflamed by Bryond des Tours-Minieres 
 — Contenson the spy — who secretly betrayed him. Like his 
 accomplices, Rifoel was executed in 1809. He once disguised 
 himself under the name of Pierrot during the campaign against 
 the Revolution [The Seamy Side of History, T]. 
 
 Vissembourg, Due de, son of Marechal Vernon, brother 
 of Prince Chiavari ; he presided, about 1835 ^"^ ^^l^i 
 
COMEDIE HUMAINE. 571 
 
 over a horticultural society of which Fabien du Ronceret was 
 vice-president [Beatrix, J^]. 
 
 Vitagliani, a tenor at the Argentina, what time Zambi- 
 nella sang soprano there, in 1758, on that Roman stage; 
 Vitagliani "jollied" J. E. Sarrasine [Sarrasine, ds, II.]. 
 
 Vital, born about 18 10, a Parisian hatter ; married ; suc- 
 cessor to Finot senior, in the warehouse situated on the Rue du 
 Coq; he was much the style about 1845, ^^^ seemed to de- 
 serve his reputation. He amused Bixiou and Leon de Lora 
 by his ridiculous pretensions ; he would have made a hat for 
 Gazonal similar to that worn by Lousteau. On this occasion 
 Vital pointed out to them a masterpiece invented by Claud 
 Vignon, which — politically — was the happy medium. Finot's 
 successor, in fact, fashioned the hat to the style of the wearer ; 
 the hat followed the person who wore it ; he boasted of Prince 
 de Bethune's, and dreamed of the suppression of the "tall 
 hat" [The Unconscious Mummers, tf]. 
 
 Vital, Madame, wife of the foregoing; she "believed in 
 the genius and greatness of her husband." She was in the 
 warehouse when the hatter received the visit of Bixiou, de 
 Lora, and Gazonal [The Unconscious Mummers, ti]. 
 
 Vitel, born in 1776; a justice of the peace in Paris, 1845 5 
 known by Dr. Poulain ; he had as his successor Maitre Fraisier, 
 the protege of the Camusots de Marville [Cousin Pons, dc\. 
 
 Vitelot, partner of Sonet, the marble-cutter ; he designed 
 the funeral monuments ; those he designed for de Marsay the 
 minister and Keller the officer were both refused, Stidmann 
 being commissioned to do the work. In the month of April, 
 1845, ^^^ same plans were retouched and offered to Wilhelm 
 Schmucke, for the grave of Sylvain Pons, who was buried at 
 Pere-Lachaise [Cousin Pons, a?]. 
 
 Vitelot, Madame, wife of the foregoing; she reprimanded 
 the agent of their firm for having brought Schmucke, Pons' 
 heir, to them as a customer [Cousin Pons, Qc\. 
 
 Vivet, Madeleine, a servant of the Camusots de Marville j 
 
572 COMPENDIUM 
 
 for nearly twenty-five years she was their feminine ''Maitre 
 Jacques." She vainly tried to marry Sylvain Pons so as to 
 become her master's cousin. Madeleine Vivet, disappointed 
 in her matrimonial designs, took an aversion to Pons and 
 afterward persecuted him in a thousand little ways [Vautrin's 
 Last Avatar, z — Cousin Pons, aj]. 
 
 Volfgang, cashier to the baron of the Holy Empire, F. de 
 Nucingen, at the time of the celebrated Parisian banquet on the 
 Rue Saint-Lazare, when Nucingen had fallen foolishly in love 
 with Esther van Gobseck ; and also when he caused Jacques 
 Falleix's discomfiture. He lived on the Rue de TArcade, 
 near Rue des Mathurins, Paris [The Harlot's Progress, Y\ 
 
 Vordac, Marquise de, born in 1 769 ; the mistress of the 
 wealthy Lord Dudley ; by him she had one son, Henri, and 
 to legitimize that child she contracted a marriage with Marsay, 
 an old ruined gentleman, who was paid the income on one 
 hundred thousand francs for his compliance; he died, and had 
 never known his wife. Marsay's widow, by her second wed- 
 ding, became the noted Marquise de Vordac. She did not 
 wholly devote herself to her maternal duties ; but she proposed 
 that Henri de Marsay take Miss Stevens as his wife [The Girl 
 with Golden Eyes, ds, IL — A Marriage Settlement, aa\. 
 
 Vulpato, La, a noble Venetian ; a regular attendant at the 
 Fenise, about 1820; he, Emilio Memmi (Prince de Varese), 
 and Massimilla Doni (Duchess Cataneo) were on excellent 
 terms with each other [Massimilla Doni, ff\ 
 
 Vyder, an anagram of d'Ervy, and one of the three names 
 successively taken by Baron Hector Hulot d'Ervy, after his 
 flight from the conjugal domicile: he hid himself under this 
 pseudonym when he became a public writer at Paris, at the 
 bottom of Little Poland,* in the Passage du Soleil, Rue de la 
 Pepinidre [Cousin Betty, w\. 
 
 * The Boulevard Malesherbes destroyed the faubourg Saint-Marceau 
 on the right bank of the river ; the Bienfaisance quarter was precisely the 
 corner that was at once the most hideous and most picturesque to be found. 
 
COMADIE HUMAINE, 573 
 
 W 
 
 Wadmann, the English owner of a cottage and meadows 
 in Normandy, near the Marville estate, that Mme. Camusot de 
 Marville showed some intention of buying — the insular man 
 was on the point of returning to England, after twenty years' 
 sojourn in France [Cousin Pons, Qc\. 
 
 Wahlenfer or Walhenfer, a rich German trader, who 
 was assassinated in the month of October, 1799, ^^ "The Red 
 House," near Andernach, by Jean-Frederic Taillefer, then a 
 military surgeon in the French army ; he allowed his comrade, 
 Prosper Magnan, to be "executed for that crime. Wahlenfer 
 was a little fat man, with a round face and a frank and cor- 
 dial manner; he owned an important pin factory in the vicinity 
 of Neuwied. He came from Aix-la-Chapelle. Perhaps " Wal- 
 henfer" was not the real name of the trader [The Red 
 House, ci]. 
 
 "Wallenrod-Tustall-Bartenstild, Baron de, born in 
 1742 ; a banker at Frankfort-on-the-Main ; in 1804 he married 
 his only daughter, Bettina, to Charles Mignon de la Bastie, 
 then a simple lieutenant in the French army; he died in 
 18 1 4, following a disastrous speculation in cotton [Modeste 
 Mignon, jBT]. 
 
 Watschildine, a firm in London that corresponded with 
 F. de Nucingen the banker in business affairs. On one dark 
 evening in the autumn of 1821, the cashier Rodolphe Cas- 
 tanier was engaged in counterfeiting his employer's signature 
 to the letters of credit issued on the Watschildine house, when 
 he was surprised by the appearance of the satanic John Mel- 
 moth [Melmoth Reconciled, d']. 
 
 ^A^attebled, a grocer at Soulanges, 1823 ; the father of 
 the handsome Mme. Plissoud, who formed a portion of the 
 ** second society " in that town ; he had his store on the first 
 floor of Mayor Soudry's house [The Peasantry, 22]. 
 
574 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Watteville, Baron de, a gentleman of Besangon, of 
 Swiss origin ; the last descendant of the famous renegade 
 abbe, Don Jean de Watteville, cur6 of Baumes, 1613 to 1703; 
 a weazened, dried-up little man without intelligence ; he 
 passed his life in a fine workshop with a lathe ; he was a 
 turner; he '* enjoyed the profoundest ignorance"; he col" 
 lected shells and geological fragments; he had a "good 
 heart." After having lived in the comte "like a woodlouse 
 in a wainscot," he married, in 181 5, Clotilde-Louise de Rupt, 
 who completely dominated him, and with whom he lived 
 until she lost her parents, about 1819, in the hotel de Rupt, 
 Rue de la Prefecture, the great garden which extended as 
 far as the Rue du Perron. By his wife Baron de Watteville 
 had one daughter, whom he dearly loved, and he had a weak- 
 ness for doing what she wished. M. de Watteville died in 
 1836, following a fall into the lake on his estate at Rouxey, 
 near Besangon ; he was buried on a small island in the 
 lake, where his wife, pretending an exaggerated grief, had a 
 gothic white marble monument raised to his memory, similar 
 to that of Heloise and Abelard at Pere-Lachaise [Albert 
 Savaron, /]. 
 
 Watteville, Baronne de, wife of the foregoing, who, be- 
 come a widow, married Amedee de Soulas. See Soulas, 
 Madame A. de. 
 
 Watteville, Rosalie de, the only daughter of the two 
 foregoing persons, born in 1816] fragile, slender, flat, light- 
 complexioned, and pale, with light blue eyes, a perfect re- 
 semblance to a Saint by Albert Diirer. Raised in strict 
 austerity by her mother, who was habituated to the straitest 
 practices of religion, she was quite ignorant of the things of 
 the world, and she concealed under a modest manner and 
 an air of absolute insignificance a character of iron and the 
 romantic audacity of her great-uncle. Abbe de Watteville, 
 aggravated by the tenacity and pride of the blood of the 
 Rupts. Destined by her mother to marry Amddee de Soulas, 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. 575 
 
 ''sweet pea" — or '* pease blossom"* — of Besangon, she was 
 deeply smitten by the barrister Albert Savaron de Savarus. 
 Although she knew that he had no passion for herself, Rosa- 
 lie, by extraordinary machinations, separated the Duchesse 
 d'Argaiblo, whom he loved and who loved him, from Savarus, 
 which resulted in his despair; he secluded himself in the 
 Grand Chartreuse. Mile, de Watteville afterward lived at 
 Paris for some time with her mother, now married to Amedee 
 de Soulas ; she there sought to see the Duchesse d'ArgaVolo, 
 who thought she had been treacherously dealt with by Savarus, 
 and who had for this reason given her hand to the Due de 
 Rhetore; they met in February, 1838, at a charity ball held 
 on behalf of the pensioners of the old civil list, when she 
 revealed to her former rival the secret of her schemes against 
 Mme. de Rhetore and her own conduct in regard to the bar- 
 rister. Mile, de Watteville later retired to Rouxey, which 
 she seldom left except on one journey for an unknown end, 
 1 841, when she was cruelly crippled : she was on a steamboat 
 when the boiler burst, and Mile, de Watteville lost an arm 
 and a leg. This last descendant of Abbe de Watteville 
 henceforth wholly consecrated herself to religious practices 
 and never afterward left her retreat [Albert Savaron, /*]. 
 
 Welff, called the Grand Welff, after eleven years of service 
 in the cavalry in the campaigns on. the Rhine, in Italy, and 
 in Egypt under Generals Steingel and Bonaparte, was a 
 gendarme at Arcis-sur-Aube, 1803, at the time of the descent 
 of the police on Cinq-Cygne ; he assisted Corentin and Pey- 
 rade in their fruitless search, and remained the enemy of 
 Michu, the Hauteserres, and the Siraeuses, against whom he 
 still acted, at the time of the mysterious abduction of Senator 
 Malin de Gondreville ; Welff was then sub-lieutenant [A 
 Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Werbrust, Raima's partner; a Parisian commercial bill 
 discounter. Rues Saint-Denis and Saint-Martin, under the 
 
 * The title of one of the old editions of "A Marriage Settlement." 
 
576 COMPENDIUM 
 
 Restoration; he knew the story of the grandeur and deca- 
 dence of Cesar Birotteau, mayor of the eleventh arrondisse- 
 ment;* he was the friend of Jean-Baptiste d'Aldrigger, the 
 banker, and assisted at his burial ; he also did business with 
 Baron de Nucingen ; among other operations he cunningly 
 speculated in the third liquidation operated by Nucingen m 
 1836 [Cesar Birotteau, O — The Firm of Nucingen, t\ 
 
 Wierzchownia, Adam de, a Polish gentleman who was, 
 after the last partition of Poland, a refugee in Sweden, where 
 he sought for consolation in studying chemistry, for which he 
 had always had an irresistible vocation. Torn by poverty 
 from his works he entered the French army, and, in 1809, 
 while passing through Douai, was lodged for one night only 
 with M. Balthazar Claes. In a conversation with his host he 
 explained to him his ideas on " the unity of matter" and the 
 absolute, and thus caused the unhappiness of a whole family, 
 for, from that time, Balthazar Claes consecrated time and 
 money to the Quest of the Absolute. Adam de Wierzchownia 
 died at Dresden in 181 2, of a wound received during the last 
 engagements ; he wrote Balthazar Claes a supreme letter be- 
 queathing him divers ideas which, since their meeting of one 
 day, had struck him as being relative to the search in ques- 
 tion ; by this proceeding he still further aggravated the 
 misery of the Claes f family. Adam de Wierzchownia J had 
 a wasted, angular face, a large cranium without hair, with 
 eyes that seemed like tongues of fire, and an enormous mus- 
 tache, and his calm movements frightened Mme. Balthazar 
 Claes § [The Quest of the Absolute, X)]. 
 
 * This later formed the Montmarte and the Banque faubourgs. 
 
 f The original orthography of this is Claes and not Claes, the latter 
 being the French formation. 
 
 \ The Ukraines owned a place by the same name. 
 
 \ Under the title " Gold ! or the Dream of a Savant," there is a vaude- 
 ville by Bayard and Bi^ville devoted to the sorrows of the Claes ; it was 
 presented at the Gymnase, November ii, 1837, and was played by M. 
 BoufT6 and Mme. E. Sauvage. 
 
COM&DIE HUMAINE. bll 
 
 Willemsens, Marie-Augusta. See Brandon,* Com- 
 tesse de. 
 
 W^imphen, De, married a childhood friend of Mme. 
 d'Aiglemont [A Woman of Thirty, S\ 
 
 Wimphen, Madame Louisa de, a friend of Mme. d'Aigle- 
 mont in her childhood ; they were brought up together at 
 Ecouen. In 1814 Mme. d'Aiglemont wrote her companion, 
 then on the eve of being married, of the disenchantments of 
 her own life, and advised her to remain a maiden. This 
 letter indeed was not sent ; Comtesse de Listomere-Landon, 
 her aunt by marriage, took the blame for its miscarriage. To 
 the contrary of her friend, Mme. de Wimphen was happy in 
 her marriage ; she nevertheless remained Mme. d'Aiglemont's 
 confidential friend ; she was present at the meeting between 
 Julie and Lord Grenville ; at that moment M. de Wimphen 
 sought his wife, leaving the two lovers in each other's com- 
 pany, but the inopportune return of M. d'Aiglemont com- 
 pelled Lord Grenville to hide himself, and the Englishman 
 died shortly after, owing to the night he passed bringing on 
 a severe cold, as he hung outside a window, after having had 
 his fingers crushed by being caught in the closet door as it 
 was violently closed [A Woman of Thirty, S^. 
 
 Wirth, the banker J. B. d'Aldrigger's valet ; he remained 
 in the service of Mme. and Mile. d'Aldrigger after the death 
 of the head of the family, and preserved to them the devotion 
 he had already often proved. Wirth, a sort of Caleb or 
 Alsacian Gaspard, was old and solemn, clothed in much 
 finesse and of great good humor ; he saw in Godefroid de 
 Beaudenord a husband for Isaure d'Aldrigger ; he cunningly 
 'Mimed" him, and certainly contributed to their union [The 
 Firm of Nucingen, f]. 
 
 "Wisch, JoHANN. The name which a newspaper ficti- 
 
 "* Lady Brandon was the mother of Louis- Gaston and Marie-Gaston ; 
 these two names, after the minutest researches, must convey the only 
 feature of her union. 
 37 
 
678 COMPENDIUM 
 
 tiously gave to Johann Fischer, accused of extortion, in order 
 to not compromise Baron Hulot d'Ervy, his relation and 
 accomplice [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Wissembourg, Prince de, one of the titles of Marechal 
 Cottin, who was also Due d'Orfano [Cousin Betty, w\ 
 
 Witschnau. See Gaudin. 
 
 X 
 
 Ximeuse, a fief situated in Lorraine ; the true and primi- 
 tive orthography of the name of Simeuse ; the family ended 
 by writing it with a S on account of the pronunciation of 
 the name [A Historical Mystery, ff\ 
 
 Ysembourg, Prince d', a marshal of France; the Cond(§ 
 of the Republic, a *• booby," according to Mme. Nourrisson, 
 his confidential woman ; he gave two thousand francs to one 
 of the most renowned countesses of the Imperial Court, who 
 one day came to find him, and implored him with tears to 
 afford her the succor indispensable to the life of her children ; 
 the money was spent in the purchase of a dress, which she 
 needed in order to appear at an ambassador's ball. This anec- 
 dote was related by Mme. Nourrisson to Leon de Lora, Bixiou, 
 and Gazonal, in 1845 [The Unconscious Mummers, Vb\. 
 
 Zambinella, a castrate and singer at the Argentina theatre, 
 Rome, 1758; the " prima donna" ; he was of an ideal beauty; 
 the sculptor Sarrasine, smitten by Zambinella, thinking he was 
 a woman, m^c^^ a §tatye in his likeness, an admirable Adonis, 
 
which still exists in the Albani museum, and was copied, near 
 the end of the following century, by Dorlange-Sallenauve. 
 More than an octogenarian and immensely rich, Zambinella 
 lived, under the Restoration, at Paris, with his niece, who was 
 married to the mysterious Lanty. Zambinella was always 
 surrounded by the Lantys ; he died at Rome in 1830. The 
 anterior existence of Zambinella was unknown to Parisian 
 society; in the strange old man, a species of ambulating 
 mummy, a magnetizer recognized the celebrated Balsamo, 
 called Cagliostro ; and Ferette's* bailiff saw in him the Comte 
 de Saint-Germain [Sarrasine, ds, II. — The Deputy for 
 Arcis, J)D]. 
 
 Zarnowicki, RoMAN,f a Polish general, a refugee in Paris ; 
 in 1836 he resided on the first floor of the little hotel on the 
 Rue de Marbeuf,J of which the physician Halpersohn oc- 
 cupied the second floor [The Seamy Side of History, T\ 
 
 * Also spelt Ferrette. 
 
 f Without doubt a given name. 
 
 X Then a new and nearly deserted thoroughfare. 
 
 Compiler's Note. — As the reader will notice, the Com- 
 pendium only embraces the biographies of those characters 
 which appear again and again in the various books of the 
 Comedie Humaine, the others do but form the corps of su- 
 pernumeraries. Consequently the novels entitled: About 
 Catherine de' Medici, The Exiles, Maitre Cornelius, The Un- 
 known Masterpiece, The Elixir of Life, and Christ in Flan- 
 ders, which are outside the eighteenth and nineteenth cen- 
 turies, and Seraphita, which is beyond the realm of fact, are 
 eliminated. The Hated Son and Droll Stories occasionally 
 furnish some indispensable information for a small number of 
 the biographies. 
 
 According to Theophile Gautier the Comedie Humaine 
 contains two thousand characters. This number is about 
 
580 COMPENDIUM 
 
 correct ; but by reason of cross-references, nicknames, double- 
 names, etc., it will be seen that that enumeration is exceeded 
 in this work. And yet we have not placed therein, as they 
 are outside the action, Chevet, Decamps, Delacroix, Finot 
 senior, Calyste and Sabine du Gu6nic's sons, Noemi Magus, 
 Meyerbeer, Herbaut, Houbigant, Tanrade, Mousquetou, 
 Arnal, Barrot, Bonald, Berryer, Gautier, Gozlan, Hugo, Hya- 
 cinthe, Lafont, Lamartine, Lassailly, F. Lemaitre, Charles X., 
 Louis-Philippe, Odry, Talma, Thiers, Villele, Rossini, Rous- 
 seau, Mile. Dejazet, Mile. Georges, etc. 
 
 The utmost care has been exercised, but some few errors 
 may possibly have slipped in. For this the compilers beg an 
 excuse, as all has been done with sincerity and in absolute 
 good faith. 
 
COMAdiE HUMAINE, 581 
 
 A CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER OF 
 
 READING 
 
 According to the Periods of French History. 
 
 k 
 
 Mr. Jas. B. Russell, of Lowell, Mass., a "confirmed 
 Balzacian" — as Paul Bourget would say — suggests the fol- 
 lowing "order of reading" the Comedie Humaine. 
 
 In the communication accompanying it Mr. Russell writes : 
 
 "I found that the same characters ran largely through 
 them all [the volumes of the Comedie Humaine], so I took 
 the first and last date of each volume, made a list and re- 
 read them . . . the chronological order added a new charm 
 ... it is the only way of reading them, because they are 
 serial, and should be read as such — in order. Since then I 
 have read them for the third time, and rearranged the order 
 several times till I have the enclosed." 
 
 The reader will understand the " ^/ ^z/. " to mean the 
 others in the same volume, as arranged by Balzac ; and 
 which are to be found in the last index in the volume en- 
 titled "A Prince of Bohemia." 
 
 The Revolution: 1789-99. 
 I The Chouans. 
 
 The Consulate: i 799-1804. 
 (The Vendetta. A Passion in the Desert.) 
 
582 
 
 CCMP^NDIVM 
 
 The Empire: 1804-1814, 
 2 A Historical Mystery {et al.) 
 
 1803-6 
 
 The Restoration: i 814-1830. 
 
 3 Father Goriot 
 
 4 The Thirteen 
 
 5 A Marriage Settlement . 
 
 6 A Bachelor's Establishment 
 
 7 A Start in Life 
 
 8 The Old Maid, and the Collection of Antiq- 
 
 uities 
 
 9 Cesar Birotteau 
 
 10 Pierrette, and The Abbe Birotteau 
 IT At the Sign of the Cat and Racket (jet al.^ 
 
 1 2 Lost Illusions (including A Distinguished Pro- 
 
 vincial at Paris) . 
 
 13 The Harlot's Progress (2 vols.) 
 
 14 Eugenie Grandet 
 
 15 The Peasantry 
 
 16 Les Employes (et al.') 
 
 17 Modeste Mignon 
 
 18 Letters of Two Brides 
 
 1813-20 
 1818-19 
 1821-28 
 1804-30 
 1823-30 
 
 1822-25 
 1810-20 
 1827-30 
 1819 
 
 1819-23 
 1823-30 
 1816-27 
 1823-26 
 1824-30 
 1826-30 
 1823-27 
 
 The ''July" (Orleans) Dynasty: 1830 and after. 
 
 19 Ursule Mirouet .... 
 
 20 The Lily of the Valley . 
 
 21 Albert Savaron .... 
 A Daughter of Eve 
 
 22 Z. Marcas, The Seamy Side of History 
 
 23 Beatrix 
 
 24 The Deputy for Arcis . 
 
 25 The Middle Classes 
 
 26 The Country Parson 
 
 . 1829-36 
 
 . 1825-30 
 
 . 1834-38 
 
 . 1833-35 
 
 . 1836-38 
 
 . 1839 
 
 . 1840 
 
 . 1802-44 
 
 / 
 
COMilDIE nUMAINE. 
 
 583 
 
 27 Cousin Pons 
 
 28 Cousin Betty 
 
 29 The Firm of Nucingen {et al?). 
 
 30 Honorine {et al.^. 
 
 31 The Country Doctor. 
 
 32 Gaudissart the Great (<?/ «/.). 
 ^^ A Second Home (<r/ tf/.). 
 
 Philosophical Studies, etc., etc. 
 
 1835-46 
 1838-46 
 
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