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 PHANTOM CLUB 
 PAPERS 
 
 PRINTED FOR 
 THE CLUB 
 
 MILWAUKEE 
 1906 
 
 j_ -± '£ J o J
 
 ' < . • ' 
 
 ■ 
 
 • • . <■. 

 
 Id 06 
 PREFATORY. 
 
 The publication of this small volume calls for a few 
 prefatory words. 
 
 One pleasant day in August, 1893, a few friends — 
 all residents of Milwaukee and Waukesha — made a visit 
 to a farm near Phantom Lake, in Waukesha county, 
 partly on business and partly for pleasure, and before 
 their return called on the late John F. Potter, a former 
 distinguished member of Congress, with whom they had 
 a most interesting visit. These gentlemen were John R. 
 Goodrich, John Johnston, Horace Rublee, William P. 
 McLaren, James A. Bryden, Benjamin K. Miller, Sr., 
 E. W. Chafm, Richard E. Labar and Rolland L. Porter. 
 The attraction of the lake and its environment proved so 
 alluring, and the occasion so enjoyable, that some one 
 suggested a repetition of the visit during the summer 
 following (1894). This suggestion met with a hearty 
 response, and out of it sprang the organization of the 
 Phantom Club, of which John R. Goodrich was elected 
 and remains president. It was proposed at the outset to 
 limit the membership to twelve, but later the number was 
 enlarged to fourteen. 
 
 Prior to the month of June, 1894, Gerry W. Hazel- 
 ton and John G. Gregory were elected members of the 
 Club, and Mr. Gregory was chosen Historian and Secre- 
 tary. Mr. Labar, having removed to New York, re- 
 signed his membership, and the lamented death of Mr.
 
 4 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 Rublee created another vacancy. These vacancies were 
 filled by the election of John W. P. Lombard and DeWitt 
 Davis. Others have been elected from time to time. 
 These are William H. Osborn, Joseph V. Quarles, James 
 G. Jenkins, George R. Peck, Louis J. Petit and Ogden 
 H. Fethers. 
 
 With unbroken regularity, the Club has taken its sum- 
 mer outings since 1893 at Phantom Lake or some other of 
 the beautiful lakes of Waukesha and Walworth counties, 
 and these occasions have come to be looked forward to 
 with special interest and pleasure. Saturday and Sunday 
 have been set apart for these outings, and exercises not 
 unsuitable to the day have been arranged for the fore- 
 noon of the Sabbath, some attractive location beinp- 
 selected for the purpose, sheltered from the rays of the 
 summer sun, "where the birds make music all the day." 
 
 The Saturday evening exercises have been miscel- 
 laneous and not easy to describe. Sometimes they have 
 taken the form of a moot trial of some offending member ; 
 at other times the evening has been devoted to remin- 
 iscences, discussions, short speeches and other suitable 
 diversion. It is proper to add that the Club has been en- 
 tertained from time to time by different members at their 
 own homes or at the Milwaukee Club, and these gather- 
 ings have never failed to afford the highest measure of 
 social enjoyment. 
 
 At the last meeting of the Club a resolution was 
 adopted instructing the Secretary to select from the pa- 
 pers read before the Club at its annual meetings material 
 for publication in a small volume, and under this instruc-
 
 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 5 
 
 tion the present volume is published for the members and 
 their friends. 
 
 It is needless to add that through the fellowship inci- 
 dent to such an organization the members have been 
 drawn more closely together, and enabled to realize the 
 genuine value and significance of the society of kindred 
 spirits. 
 
 Since the death of Horace Rublee, the Club has been 
 called upon to lament the loss of B. K. Miller, Sr., 
 William P. McLaren and John Johnston — a loss which 
 is deeply felt by every surviving member. 
 
 The honorary members of the club are Richard E. 
 Labar of New York; Dr. Benjamin F. Deering of Paris. 
 
 So long as John F. Potter lived, the Club was in the 
 habit of calling upon him at his home on the occasion of 
 its annual outings, and these visits were enlivened by 
 reminiscences of his experience in Congress in the early 
 period of the controversy between the representatives of 
 the North and the South ; and it has often been a matter 
 of regret that these conversations could not have been 
 stenographically reported and preserved.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Prefatory, ....... 3 
 
 The Kingdom of Light, George Record Peck, - - 9 
 Abraham Lincoln, Judge Joseph V. Quarles, 25 
 The Phantoms' Outing, John Goadby Gregory, - 42 
 The Hosts of Phantoms, Judge James G. Jenkins, - 43 
 The Phantoms, John Goadby Gregory, - - - 52 
 Alexander Hamilton, Gerry W. Hazelton, - 53 
 Faith vs. Collaterals, John Johnston, - - 63 
 The Fated Army, John Goadby Gregory, - - 80 
 The Phantom of Phantom Lake, Rolland L. Porter, - 81 
 Was Shakespeare a Lawyer, or a Lawyer Shakes- 
 peare? DeWitt Davis, 87 
 One of the Marvels of Creation, Gerry W. Hazelton, - 109 
 Appendix, ------- 119
 
 THE KINGDOM OF LIGHT. 
 
 By George Record Peck. 
 
 It is a very beautiful custom which calls this club to- 
 gether each year in the season when nature is most gen- 
 erous with her ministrations. These are the days when, 
 out of her illimitable store, she brings beauty and har- 
 mony to lives which are, perhaps unconsciously, becoming 
 discordant and out of tune. Rest is something more than 
 the mere ceasing from toil ; it is the emancipation of soul 
 and body from care. It is not simply loafing, but loafing 
 with an invitation to the soul, as was Walt Whitman's 
 habit. These literary exercises which you weave into 
 hours of relaxation serve to remind us that the world is 
 waiting to receive us back, when our play-spell is over. 
 It would, I suppose, be more in accordance with the current 
 of events, and of ideas which are clamoring continually for 
 expression in these modern days, if I should offer some re- 
 flections on themes of immediate and pressing importance. 
 Such themes there are; and by force of circumstance 
 some of them have stared me in the face with a persist- 
 ency not altogether agreeable. It is not because I un- 
 derestimate them that I have chosen to ask you to rest 
 for a little while in a serener air. The hungry problems 
 of to-day will have their hearing without asking your 
 permission or mine. The age is restless ; it is self-asser- 
 tive; it is pleased with the sound of its own voice, and
 
 10 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 confident in the strength of its own arm. And yet, there 
 are doubts and misgivings in the minds of thoughtful 
 men, who find themselves dumb to the questions thev 
 cannot help asking. When social and economic problems 
 press upon us almost constantly ; when the men of labor 
 and the men of capital count themselves as belonging to 
 separate classes, and neither trusts the other; when the 
 mysteries of supply and demand, the prospect of coming 
 crops, the out-look for trade, and the hazard of business 
 are with men by night and by day, we may be sure that 
 the highly artificial mechanism we call civilization is 
 liable almost any day to some painful dislocation. 
 
 But of these things it is not my purpose to speak. I 
 allude to them, because, as it seems to me, every one must 
 be sensible of their importance, and must feel that their 
 shadow is never lifted, save for little intervals, — and may 
 I not add, upon occasions such as this ? 
 
 Fellow Phantoms, it is probably not your habit to call 
 yourselves philosophers, but nevertheless I suspect that 
 each of you nurses a consoling belief that he is one. It 
 is this opinion which gives to men of your age that little 
 air of condescension, that tone of gentle patronage, as if 
 to say "See how much I know about life and its duties." 
 But while you are listening to these sweet self-com- 
 mendations, you might perhaps hear some unanointed 
 outsider remark, "Yes, doubtless you are a philosopher, 
 but if you are so very wise, why have you so little to 
 show for it?" Ah! that is the question. How many 
 centuries is it since Plato was writing those immortal 
 dialogues, which have bewitched the minds of men from
 
 THE KINGDOM OF LIGHT. 1 1 
 
 his age to ours, but have left us still struggling to make 
 knowledge and conduct go hand in hand, and wisdom and 
 character true reflections of each other? Nothing is so 
 easy as to state sound ethical doctrines, — nothing so diffi- 
 cult as to live up to them. I suppose that more than half 
 the literature in the world consists of good advice, — the 
 rest is the story of manv stumblings by the way, many 
 mistakes, many failures, with here and there glimpses 
 which leave but little save the ever unsatisfied inquiry : — 
 
 "Whither has fled the visionary gleam, 
 Where is it now, the glory and the dream?" 
 
 Ah ! if there were some method of living by which we 
 could keep the glory and the dream, the problem would 
 be solved. When I think of the mistakes you have prob- 
 ably made, and of those I have certainly made, I sur- 
 render the position of philosopher, and can only stammer 
 with George Eliot's Theophrastus Such, "Dear blunder- 
 ers, I am one of you." Some of us will perhaps never be 
 wiser than we are now. I wish I could be sure we shall 
 never be less wise. Wisdom has a habit of lingering, 
 while the years speed onward toward our common destina- 
 tion. 
 
 It is not for me to enter the domain of religion, nor to 
 trench upon ground occupied by men who have been spe- 
 cially called to the work. I speak only of the life that 
 now is ; how its highest compensations can be won, its 
 rewards, if you please, attained; its sorrows mitigated, 
 and its joys increased and multiplied. 
 
 And this is the lesson I would give: Dwell in the 
 kingdom of light. And where is that kingdom? What
 
 12 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 are its boundaries? What cities are builded within it? 
 
 What hills, and plains, and mountain slopes gladden the 
 
 eye of its possessors? Be patient, my fellow Phantoms. 
 
 Do not hasten to search for it. It is here. The Kingdom 
 
 of Light, like the Kingdom of God, is within you. And 
 
 what do I mean by the Kingdom of Light? I mean that 
 
 realm of which a quaint old poet sang those quaint old 
 
 lines : 
 
 "My mind to me a kingdom is, 
 Such perfect joy therein I find.*' 
 
 I mean that invisible commonwealth which outlives the 
 storms of ages ; that state whose armaments are thoughts ; 
 whose weapons are ideas ; whose trophies are the pages of 
 the world's great masters. The Kingdom of Light is the 
 kingdom of the intellect, of the imagination, of the heart, 
 of the spirit and the things of the spirit. And why, per- 
 haps you are asking, do you make this appeal to us? How 
 dare you intimate that we are not already dedicated to 
 high purposes, and enrolled among those who stand for 
 the nobler and better things of human life? Take it not 
 unkindly if I tell you frankly that a little plainness of 
 speech will not hurt even such as we. All experience has 
 shown that it is at our age — or thereabouts — that men are 
 most prone to grow weary. It is not in the morning of 
 the march, but in the afternoon that soldiers find it most 
 difficult to keep step with the column that follows the 
 colors. 
 
 I have appealed to you for wdiat I have called the in- 
 tellectual life. By the intellectual life I mean that course 
 of living which recognizes always and without ceasing the
 
 THE KINGDOM OF LIGHT. 13 
 
 infinite value of the mind ; which gives to its cultivation 
 and to its enlargement a constant and enduring devotion ; 
 and which clings to it in good and in evil days with a 
 growing and abiding love. 
 
 The Kingdom of Light is open to all who seek the 
 Light. This may seem a mere truism, since every one 
 admits the superiority of the mental over the physical na- 
 ture. But that is where the danger lies. All admit it, 
 but how few act upon it? How many men and women 
 do you know who after they have, as the phrase goes, 
 finished their education, ever give a serious thought to 
 their mental growth? They have no time; no time to 
 live, but only to exist. Do not misunderstand me : I do 
 not expect, nor do I think it possible, that the great ma- 
 jority of people can make intellectual improvement their 
 first or only aim. God's wisdom has made the law 
 that we must dig and delve, must work with the hands 
 and bend the back to the burden that is laid upon it. We 
 must have bread ; but how inexpressibly foolish it is to 
 suppose we can live by bread alone. Granting all that 
 can be claimed for lack of time ; for the food and clothing 
 to be bought, and the debts to be paid, the truth remains — 
 and I beg you to remember it — the person who allows his 
 mental and spiritual nature to stagnate and decay does 
 so, not for want of time, but for want of inclination. The 
 farm, the shop, and the office are not such hard masters 
 as we imagine. We yield too easily to their sway, and 
 set them up as rulers when they ought to be only servants. 
 There is no vocation, absolutely none, that cuts off entirely 
 the opportunities for intellectual development. The King-
 
 14 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 dom of Light is an especially delightful home for him 
 whose purse is not of sufficient weight to provide a home 
 elsewhere, and a humble cottage in the Kingdom can be 
 made to shine with a brightness above palace walls. For 
 my part I would rather have been Charles Lamb than the 
 Duke of Wellington, and his influence in the world is 
 incalculably the greater of the two. And yet he was but 
 a clerk in the India House, poor in pocket, but rich be- 
 yond measure in his very poverty, whose jewels are not 
 in the goldsmith's list. The problem of life is to rightly 
 adjust the prose to the poetry ; the sordid to the spiritual ; 
 the common and selfish to the high and beneficent, for- 
 getting not that these last are incomparably the more 
 precious. 
 
 Modern life is a startling contradiction. Never were 
 colleges so numerous, so prosperous, so richly endowed 
 as now. Never were public schools so well conducted, 
 or so largely patronized. But yet, what Carlyle perhaps 
 too bitterly calls "the mechanical spirit of the age" is 
 upon us. The commercial spirit, too, is with us, holding 
 its head so high that timid souls are frightened at its pre- 
 tensions. It is the scholar's duty to set his face resolute- 
 ly against both. 
 
 I can never be the apostle of despair. The colors in 
 the morning and the evening sky are brilliant yet. But 
 I fear the scholar is not the force he once was, and will 
 again be when the twentieth century gets through its 
 carnival of invention and construction. We have cul- 
 ture; what we need is the love of culture. We have 
 knowledge; but our prayer should be: Give us the love
 
 THE KINGDOM OF LIGHT. 15 
 
 of knowledge. It may be wrong, but I sometimes wish 
 Nature would be more stingy of her secrets. She has 
 given them out with so lavish a hand that some men think 
 the greatest thing in the world is to persuade her to work 
 in some newly invented harness. Edison and the other 
 wizards of science have almost succeeded in making life 
 automatic. Its chord is set to a minor key. Plain living 
 and high thinking, that once went together, are trans- 
 formed into high living and very plain thinking. The 
 old-time simplicity of manners, the modest tastes of our 
 fathers, have given way to the clang and clash, the noise 
 and turbulence that characterize the age. We know too 
 much ; and too little. We know the law of evolution ; 
 but who can tell us when, or how, or why, it came to be 
 the law? We accept it as a great scientific truth, and as 
 such it should be welcomed. But life has lost something 
 of its zest, some of the glory that used to be in it, since 
 we were told that mind is only an emanation of matter, a 
 force or principle mechanically produced by molecular 
 motion within the brain. When the telephone burst upon 
 us a few years ago, the world was delighted and amazed. 
 And yet we were not needing telephones half as much as 
 we were needing men ; men, who, by living above the com- 
 mon level, should exalt and dignify human life. I some- 
 times think it would be wise to close the patent office in 
 Washington, and to say to the tired brains of the invent- 
 ors, "Rest and be refreshed." We hurry on to new de- 
 vices which shall be ears to the deaf, and eyes to the blind, 
 and feet to the halt; but meantime the poems are un- 
 written and hearts that are longing for one strain of the
 
 16 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 music they used to hear are told to be satisfied with the 
 great achievements of the twentieth century. The wisest 
 of the Greeks taught that the ideal is the only true real; 
 and Emerson, our American seer, who sent forth from 
 Concord his inspiring oracles, taught the same. I may 
 be wrong, but I cannot help thinking that neither here 
 nor hereafter does salvation lie in wheat, or corn, or iron. 
 
 Again I must plead that you will take my words as I 
 mean them. I do not preach a gospel of mere sentiment, 
 nor of inane, impracticable dilettanteism. The Lord put 
 it in my way to learn, long ago, that we cannot eat poetry, 
 or art, or sunbeams. And yet I hold it true, now and 
 always, that life without these things is shorn of more 
 than half its value. The ox and his master differ little 
 in dignity, if neither rises above the level of the stomach 
 and the manger. 
 
 The highest use of the mind is not mere logic, the 
 almost mechanical function of drawing conclusions from 
 facts. Even lawyers do that ; and so also, to some extent 
 as naturalists tell us, do the horse and the dog. The 
 human intellect is best used when its possessor suffers it 
 to reach out beyond its own environment into the realm 
 where God has placed truth and beauty and the influ- 
 ences that make for righteousness. There is no such 
 thing as a common or humdrum life unless we make it so 
 ourselves. The rainbow and the rose will give their 
 colors to all alike. The sense of beauty that is born in 
 every soul pleads for permission to remain there. Cast 
 it out, and not all the skill of Edison can replace it.
 
 THE KINGDOM OF LIGHT. \ 7 
 
 It is the imagination, or perhaps I should say the 
 imaginative faculty, that most largely separates man from 
 the lower animals, and that also divides the higher from 
 the lower order of men. We all respect the multiplica- 
 tion table, and find in it about the only platform upon 
 which we can agree to stand ; but he would be a curiously 
 incomplete man to whose soul it could bring the rapture 
 that comes from reading "Hamlet" or "In Memoriam." 
 The thoughts that console and elevate are not those the 
 world calls practical. Even in the higher walks of sci- 
 ence, where the mind enlarges to the scope of Newton's 
 and Kepler's great discoveries, the demonstrated truth is 
 not the whole truth, nor the best truth. As Prof. Everett, 
 of Harvard, has finely said in a recent work, "Science only 
 gives us hints of what, by a higher method, we come to 
 know. The astronomer tells us he has swept the heavens 
 with his telescope and found no God." But "the eye of 
 the soul" outsweeps the telescope, and finds, not only in 
 the heavens, but everywhere, the presence that is eternal. 
 The reverent soul seeking for the power that makes for 
 righteousness, will not find it set down in scientific for- 
 mula. I hold it to be the true office of culture — if I may 
 use that much derided word — to stimulate the higher in- 
 tellectual faculties ; to give the mind something of that 
 perfection which is found in finely tuned instruments that 
 need only to be touched to give back noble and responsive 
 melody. There is a music that has never been named ; 
 and yet so deep a meaning has it that the very stars keep 
 time to its celestial rhythm.
 
 18 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 "There's not the smallest orb which thou beholds't, 
 But in his motion like an angel sings, 
 still quiring to the young-eyed cherubin; 
 
 Such harmony is in immortal souls." 
 
 The dwellers in the Kingdom of Light have a stead- 
 fast love for things that cannot be computed, nor reck- 
 oned, nor measured. In the daily papers you may read 
 the last quotations of stocks and bonds, but once upon a 
 time a little band of listeners heard the words, "Are not 
 two sparrows sold for a farthing?" and went away with a 
 lesson that Wall Street has yet to learn. 
 
 And now you are scornfully asking "Do you expect 
 men to earn money by following these shadowy and in- 
 tangible sentiments, which, however noble, are not yet 
 current at the store and market? We must eat though 
 poetry and art and music perish from the earth." Yes, 
 so it would seem, but only seem. I cannot tell you zvhy, 
 but I am sure that he who remembers that something 
 divine in him is mixed with the clay, shall find the way 
 opened for both the divine and the earthly. You will 
 not starve for following the Light. But I beg of you to 
 remember that this is not a question of incomes or profits. 
 The things I plead for are not set down in ledgers. How- 
 hard to think of the unselfish and the ultimate, instead of 
 the personal and immediate ! Even unto Jesus they came 
 and inquired "Who is first in the Kingdom of Heaven?" 
 It is not strange then that we do not willingly give up 
 personal advantages here. But in the Kingdom of Light, 
 in the life I am saying we ought to lead, nothing can be 
 taken from us that can be compared with what we shall 
 receive. It is quite likely we may be poor, though I am
 
 THE KINGDOM OF LIGHT. 19 
 
 afraid we shall not be, for in the twentieth century no 
 man is safe from sudden wealth ; but a worse calamity 
 might befall us than poverty. St. Francis of Assisi, as 
 Renan has said, was, next to Jesus, the sweetest soul that 
 ever walked this earth, and he condemned himself to 
 hunger and rags. I do not advise you to follow him 
 through the lonely forest, and into the shaded glen where 
 the birds used to welcome him to be their friend and com- 
 panion ; but I do most assuredly think it better to live as 
 he did, on bread and water and the cresses that grew by 
 the mountain spring, than to give up the glory and the 
 joy of the higher life. In the Kingdom of Light there 
 are friendships of inestimable value; friendships that are 
 rest unto the body and solace to the soul that is troubled. 
 When Socrates was condemned, how promptly and how 
 proudly his spirit rose to meet the decree of the judges, 
 as he told them of the felicity he should find in the change 
 that would give him the opportunity of listening to the 
 enchanting converse of Orpheus and Musaeus and Hesiod 
 and Homer. Such companionship is ours, through the 
 instrumentality of books. Here, even in this western 
 land, the worthies of every age will come to our firesides ; 
 will travel with us on the distant journey; will abide 
 with us wherever our lot may be cast. And the smaller 
 the orbit in which we move, the more contracted the scale 
 of our personal relations, the more valuable and the more 
 needful are those sweet relationships which James Mar- 
 tineau so aptly calls "the friendships of history." In a 
 strain of unrivaled elevation of thought and purity of 
 language, he says: "He that cannot leave his workshop
 
 20 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 or his village, let him have his passport to other cen- 
 turies, and find communion in a distant age ; it will enable 
 him to look up into those silent faces that cannot deceive, 
 and take the hand of solemn guidance that will never mis- 
 lead or betray. The ground-plot of a man's own destiny- 
 may be closely shut in, and the cottage of his rest small ; 
 but if the story of this Old World be not quite strange to 
 him — if he can find his way through its vanished cities 
 to hear the pleadings of justice or watch the worship of 
 the gods ; if he can visit the battlefields where the infant 
 life of nations has been baptized in blood; if he can steal 
 into the prisons where the lonely martyrs have waited for 
 their death ; if he can walk in the garden or beneath the 
 porch where the lovers of wisdom discourse, or be a guest 
 at the banquet where the wine of high converse passes 
 around; if the experience of his own country and the 
 struggles that consecrate the very soil beneath his feet 
 are no secret to him, if he can listen to Latimer at Paul's 
 Cross, and tend the wounded Hampden in the woods at 
 Chalgrove, and gaze, as upon familiar faces, at the por- 
 traits of More and Bacon, of Vane and Cromwell, of 
 Owen, Fox, and Baxter — he consciously belongs to a 
 grander life than could be given by territorial possession ; 
 he venerates an ancestry auguster than a race of kings ; 
 and is richer in the sources of character than any prince 
 or monarch." 
 
 Some there are, no doubt, who believe that intellectual 
 culture does not make men better or happier, and that 
 the conscience and moral faculties are set apart from 
 merely mental attributes. But surely you have not ac-
 
 THE KINGDOM OF LIGHT. 21 
 
 cepted such a false and narrow view. Unless colleges 
 are a foolish and expensive luxury ; unless civilization is 
 worthless ; unless the centuries that have witnessed the 
 upward stride of humanity have been wasted ; unless the 
 savage, chattering incantations to his fetich, is a nobler 
 product of the race than a Milton, a Wilberforce, an 
 Emerson, or a Lowell, then heart and mind, morality and 
 education do go together in true and loyal companion- 
 ship. The trouble of to-day, as I have tried to show, is 
 not that we have too much culture, but too much bending 
 of the knee to purely material results ; too much worship 
 of the big and not enough of the great. 
 
 It is the fate of most of us to work either with hand 
 or brain ; but even in this short life a successfully con- 
 ducted bank, or a bridge that you have built, or a lawsuit 
 you have won, have in themselves little of special signifi- 
 cance or value. Very common men have done all these 
 things. When I hear the glorification of the last twenty 
 years, of the fields subdued, the roads built, the fortunes 
 accumulated, the factories started, I say to myself, all 
 these are good, but not good enough that we should make 
 ourselves hoarse with huzzas, or that we should suppose 
 for a moment they belong to the higher order of achieve- 
 ments. Sometimes, too, when I hear the noisy clamor 
 over some great difficulty that has been conquered, I 
 think of James Wolfe under the walls of Quebec, repeat- 
 ing sadly those solemn lines of Gray's Elegy: 
 
 "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of pow'r, 
 And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave, 
 
 Await alike th' inevitable hour ; 
 
 The paths of glory lead but to the grave."
 
 22 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 And I think also how he turned to his officers with 
 that pathetic prevision of the death that was to come to- 
 morrow on the Heights of Abraham, and said, "I would 
 rather have written that poem than to take Quebec." 
 And he was right. 
 
 Indeed if we but knew it, the citadel that crowns the 
 mountain's brow, nay, the mountains themselves, ancient, 
 rugged, motionless, are but toys compared with the silent, 
 invisible, but eternal structure of God's greatest handi- 
 work, the mind. 
 
 I pray you remember there is, if we but search for it, 
 something ennobling in every vocation ; in every enter- 
 prise which engages the efforts of man. Do you think 
 Michael Angelo reared the dome, and painted those im- 
 mortal frescoes, simply because he had a contract to do 
 so? Was the soldier who died at Marathon or Gettys- 
 burg thinking of the wages the state had promised him? 
 Be assured, that whatever fate is to befall us, nothing so 
 bad can come as to sink into that wretched existence 
 where everything is forgotten but the profit of the hour; 
 the food, the raiment, the handful of silver, the ribbon to 
 wear on the coat. It is but an old story I am telling ; but 
 I console myself with the reflection that it cannot be told 
 too often, and only by telling is it kept fresh in the mem- 
 ory and in the heart. The world will go on buying and 
 jelling, hoping and fearing, loving and hating, and we 
 shall be in the throng; but in God's name let us not turn 
 away from the light, nor from the kingdom that is in the 
 midst of the light.
 
 THE. KINGDOM OF LIGHT. 23 
 
 In every street shadows are walking who were once 
 brave, hopeful and confident. Nay ! they are not shadows ; 
 but ghosts, dead, years ago, in everything but the mere 
 phvsical portion of existence. They go through the regu- 
 lar operations of trade and traffic, the office, and the court ; 
 but they are not living men. They are but bones and 
 skeletons rattling along in a melancholy routine, which 
 has in it neither life, nor the spirit of life. It is a sad 
 picture, but saddest because it is true. They knew what 
 happy days were, when they walked in pleasant paths and 
 felt in their hearts the freshness of the spring. But con- 
 tact with the world was too much for them. Hesitation 
 and doubt drove out loyalty and faith. They listened to 
 the voice of wordly wisdom as Othello listened to Iago, 
 and the end of the story is : 
 
 "Put out the light, and then— put out the light." 
 
 The dwellers in the Kingdom of which I am speaking 
 are hostages to art and letters ; to high aims and noble 
 destinies. They may forget, they may be false, but if 
 some are not faithful, truth and liberty and the best of 
 civilization will be lost, or in danger of being lost. In 
 every ship that sails there must be some to stay by the 
 craft ; some to speak the word of cheer ; some to soothe 
 the fears of the timorous and affrighted. When Paul 
 was journeying to Italy on that memorable voyage which 
 changed the destinies of the world, the mariners were 
 frightened as the storm came on, and were casting the 
 boats over to seek safety they knew not whither; but 
 Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers, "Except 
 these abide in the ship ye cannot be saved."
 
 24 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 It is because I believe so strongly in the saving power 
 of the intellectual life upon the institutions of society, and 
 upon the welfare of individuals, that I plead so earnestly 
 for it. The fortunes of science, art, literature and gov- 
 ernment are indissolubly linked with it. The centers 
 and shrines of the most potent influences are not the seats 
 of commerce and capital. The village of Concord, where 
 Emerson, Hawthorne, Alcott, and Thoreau lived, was in 
 their day, and will long continue to be, a greater force in 
 this nation than New York and Chicago added to each 
 other. We may rest in the assured faith that whoever 
 may seem to rule, the thinker is, and always will be, the 
 master. 
 
 Those of you who have read Auerbach's great novel 
 remember the motto from Goethe on the title page: 
 "On every height there lies repose." 
 
 Rest ! how eagerly we seek it ! How sweet it is when 
 we are tired of the fret and worry of life ! But, remem- 
 ber, I pray you, that it dwells above the level, in the serene 
 element that reaches to the infinities. Only there is 
 heard the music of the choir invisible; only there can we 
 truly know the rest, the peace and the joy of those who 
 dwell in the Kingdom of Light.
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
 
 By Judge Joseph V. Quarles. 
 
 According- to prevailing custom, the birthday of 
 Abraham Lincoln is chosen for memorial observance. 
 This day, so full of promise to the world, aroused no 
 suspicion at the time that it would be memorable in the 
 world's annals. The birthplace was a lonesome clearing 
 in Kentucky, which made no pretensions beyond the tra- 
 ditional "four corners and a blacksmith shop." There 
 were no happy auguries, no Bethlehem star; no wise 
 men from the East. Indeed, it is doubtful whether any- 
 thin c" more than a scant welcome awaited the child who 
 was destined to fill the world with his renown. The sun 
 looked down through the wintry clouds and revealed a 
 wretched cabin that was doing its best to shelter the 
 family of a luckless frontiersman who could make noth- 
 ing out of life but a struggle for existence. This was 
 the environment into which young Abraham was born. 
 
 After a few years this pioneer family, like Virgil's 
 hero, "impelled by fate," literally drifted away on a raft 
 of logs and found a new home in the trackless woods of 
 Indiana, where there was nothing in store for the young 
 boy but a cheerless childhood. 
 
 Mr. Lincoln was twenty years old before he emerged 
 from the forest that had shut him in like a prison. He 
 came forth as the pilot of a "prairie schooner." His
 
 26 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 badge of office was an ox-goad with which he belabored 
 two yoke of cattle. By these means he was moving that 
 migratory family, with all their worldly goods, to a new 
 home in a new wilderness. 
 
 A giant in stature, he was as awkward as he was 
 strong. His rustic appearance was enhanced by an ill- 
 fitting suit of homespun. Thus at the head of his ox-team 
 he made his debut in the outer world, without means, 
 without education, without influence. This may seem a 
 sorry beginning, but let it be remembered that if on that 
 day he had graduated from Harvard in a full dress suit 
 the gates of history would probably have been closed 
 against him. 
 
 Mr. Lincoln's first business venture resulted in down- 
 right failure. He formed a partnership with one Berry, 
 under the firm name of Berry & Lincoln, to carry on a 
 grocery, for the purchase price of which the firm note 
 was given. Berry was a jolly, irresponsible soul, who 
 was born thirsty, and who gave his undivided attention 
 to that part of the stock known as "wet groceries." Mr. 
 Lincoln, on the other hand, having a keen appetite, 
 devoted himself to the crackers and cheese, smoked her- 
 ring and other edibles at the dry end of the shop. This 
 happy adjustment rivalled the familiar case of Jack 
 Sprat and his congenial spouse ; hut the meagre stock 
 could not long withstand the inroads of hunger at the 
 one end, thirst at the other, and a crisis came which 
 required the sale of the remnant stock. The purchaser 
 defaulted, and Mr. Lincoln was left to pay all the liabili- 
 ties — a task which plagued him for several years.
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 27 
 
 Thereby he had impressed upon him a legal proposition 
 that a partner is liable in solido. 
 
 It is related that Mr. Lincoln bought a barrel of a 
 customer in the bottom of which, among other rubbish, 
 was found a copy of Blackstone's Commentaries, This 
 was a great find for the law student, but as the books 
 thereafter engrossed his attention, the grocery business 
 collapsed. Thus ended the first lesson. 
 
 Mr. Lincoln also learned by numerous sad experiences 
 that personal appearance has much to do with a young 
 man's success in the first stages of his career. He was 
 six feet four inches in height. His legs and arms seemed 
 all too long. His ill-fitting clothes hung loosely on his 
 lean, lank figure, and seemed to exaggerate his physical 
 peculiarities. Being naturally diffident, he was painfully 
 conscious of his grotesque appearance. This was another 
 heavy handicap that fate imposed upon him. 
 
 The scene shifts, and this tall, awkward man is "riding 
 the circuit" as a country lawyer across the sparsely settled 
 prairies of Illinois. By his infinite good humor, droll 
 stories and strong common sense, he became popular 
 among the pioneers. If he lacked the training of the 
 schools, he had at least escaped the vice of pedantry that 
 too often afflicts educated men. 
 
 He was intensely human. He wore the hall-mark of 
 sorrow on his face, but was keenly alive to human follies 
 and frailties which furnished pith for his inimitable 
 stories. He could cordially endorse the maxim of the 
 old Roman, "Homo sum ct nihil humanum alicnum est 
 mi hi."
 
 28 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 This broad sympathy with the brotherhood of man 
 illumined his whole career and made him the idol of 
 "the plain people." 
 
 He was sent to the Legislature. Later on, he served 
 one term in the lower house of Congress ; hut nothing 
 worthy of note was achieved. By patient plodding he 
 gained a respectable position at the bar, which was a 
 marvelous achievement in view of his lack of early train- 
 ing. But it was not as a lawyer that he was destined to 
 shine as a star of the first magnitude. His career besfan 
 when a masterful purpose took possession of his soul and 
 set his genius aflame. He may be said to have been 
 born again under happier auspices, and to have been 
 christened as a child of the nation. 
 
 Mr. Lincoln had well settled convictions regarding 
 slavery. As early as 1838 he went on record in the 
 Legislature as unalterably opposed to the institution, but 
 still conceded that by virtue of the Constitution it had 
 certain rights which all law-abiding citizens were bound 
 to respect. At the same time, he condemned the inflam- 
 matory methods of the abolitionists. For more than 
 twenty years he meditated deeply on this subject, and 
 often expressed his views in public. Among his writ- 
 ings are preserved many so-called "fragments of the 
 slavery question" wherein he was studiously framing his 
 arguments, even as the gladiator sharpens his weapons 
 for an approaching combat. 
 
 Mr. Douglas, then in the acme of his career, was 
 seeking a re-election to the Senate. He had taken the 
 stump to advocate "squatter sovereignty" as a panacea
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 29 
 
 for the impending - troubles and as a substitute for the 
 Missouri compromise. It was a sorry makeshift — sug- 
 gesting Mrs. Partington's mop — but in the hands of this 
 brilliant statesman it was calculated to confuse, if not to 
 captivate the people, and in some measure to atone for his 
 having been particeps cri minis to the repeal of the great 
 compromise. It was a period of intense excitement. 
 The Dred Scott decision, followed by the repeal of the 
 Missouri compromise, had shocked the people of the 
 North. The underground railway was in active opera- 
 tion, ever increasing its facilities and the number of its 
 dusky passengers. It operated as a powerful irritant 
 and a constant appeal to the sympathy of free men. The 
 Southern people, stung by the loss of their errant prop- 
 erty and by the gibes of the Northern press, were threat- 
 ening to disrupt the union if necessary to< save "the divine 
 institution." The abolitionists, growing more numerous 
 and more bold, inflamed both sides by denouncing slavery 
 as "the sum of all villanies," urging open resistance to 
 the fugitive slave law and the Dred Scott decision. 
 
 It was plain that the irrepressible conflict was on. 
 The air vibrated with excitement as with heat-waves. 
 The dullest man could scent the danger, but the wisest 
 was unable to suggest an avenue of escape. 
 
 The people were eager for instruction, and a great 
 clamor arose that somebody should meet Mr. Douglas 
 on the hustings who could puncture his sophistries, 
 simplify the pending questions and adapt them to the 
 comprehension of the common mind. A mighty political 
 convulsion was imminent, out of which should spring the
 
 30 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 Republican party. Some one was needed who could 
 prepare the way after the manner of John the Baptist. 
 
 No one appointed Mr. Lincoln to this task, but the 
 popular demand for him was as imperative as a bugle- 
 call. This was the opportunity for which he had been 
 waiting and preparing all these years. 
 
 King David emerged from obscurity when he chal- 
 lenged a giant to single combat. In much the same way 
 Mr. Lincoln leaped into prominence. It is true that Mr. 
 Douglas was called the "Little Giant," but as a debater 
 he was without doubt the- Goliath of his day. 
 
 The debates that followed constituted the greatest 
 intellectual duel since Webster crossed swords with 
 Hayne in the Senate. Enthusiastic audiences greeted the 
 distinguished speakers at every meeting. People made 
 long pilgrimages to be present. Mr. Lincoln did for his 
 day and generation what Mr. Webster did in the earlier 
 debate. It was a second exposition of the Constitution, 
 calling for even greater skill because of the differences 
 in situation. Webster addressed a group of statesmen 
 in the historic Senate chamber. Lincoln had to adapt his 
 arguments to promiscuous audiences of pioneers assem- 
 bled in the open air. Mr. Lincoln was in no mood to 
 descend to the blandishments of speech. He employed 
 simple phrase and homely illustration, but with unerring 
 logic he drove home the fundamental truths that were 
 afterwards welded into axioms under the fierce heat of 
 battle and were finally incorporated into the three great 
 constitutional amendments.
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 31 
 
 Mr. Lincoln's speeches were extensively published 
 and circulated, and furnished the only logical basis for 
 his candidacy at Chicago. His phenomenal success in 
 the convention may be largely attributed to a coterie of 
 devoted friends who were astute politicians and able 
 advocates. His campaign was managed with consum- 
 mate skill. Throughout the East he was practically an 
 unknown man. His nomination was a tremendous sur- 
 prise to the country at large, and in some quarters a 
 bitter disappointment. Mr. Seward was the idol of his 
 party, a ripe scholar, an eminent lawyer, an experienced 
 statesman and diplomat. The rejection by the convention 
 of such a man at such a time for an awkward, uneducated 
 "rail splitter" from the wild and woolly West seemed to 
 shake public confidence in popular government. 
 
 When Mr. Spencer wrote that a man is but the reflec- 
 tion of his environment, he laid down a general rule 
 which admits of few exceptions ; but some great souls 
 break through human limitations and create an environ- 
 ment for themselves. At long intervals the world is 
 startled by some man who rises above the dead level of 
 the commonplace, like a pyramid in a sandy plain. The 
 idea that all men are created equal is a fallacy. Men are 
 as different and distant from each other as the planets. 
 
 Homer and Shakespeare furnish instances of abnor- 
 mal achievement that puzzle the world. The genius of 
 Homer has defied the Wolfian hypothesis. Shakespeare's 
 fame has withstood the assaults of the Baconian theory. 
 Neither can be discredited, nor yet understood. It is 
 by means of these bright lights that gleam from inac-
 
 32 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 cessibic heights, that the centuries salute each other 
 across the wastes of time, where the countless millions 
 of mankind lie shrouded in the dreamless dust. 
 
 Critical study of the life of Abraham Lincoln in the 
 calm spirit of history will strengthen the conviction that 
 his career can never be accounted for along the lines of 
 human experience. He stands out as a solitary figure, 
 without ancestry — a prodigy whose genius could neither 
 be traced nor transmitted. 
 
 A mountain is a mystery. Such was Abraham 
 Lincoln. It is tall, rugged, isolated. So was he. It has 
 seams and crevices that would disfigure the beauty of a 
 hill, but constitute no blemish on such massive sublimity. 
 Among its rugged crags are sheltered spots of rare 
 beauty, where the sunshine loves to linger, where flowers 
 bloom and cooling streams sparkle, where the rich color- 
 ing of nature delights the eye. But there are great 
 patches of denuded rock which tell of the harsh attrition 
 of the early glacier. The mists that veil its summit lend 
 it an air of mystery and melancholy. Great storms beat 
 up against it with tremendous fury. The lightning with 
 its vivid flash, and the quick responses of the deep-toned 
 thunder, reveal the awful struggles waged around its 
 lofty peak. The soothing influence of its cold face con- 
 verts the angry clouds into gentle showers that it sends 
 down to bless and beautify the fields below. Through 
 storm and tempest it remains unmoved, as its sacred mis- 
 sion remains unchanged. The same God that made the 
 mountain made the man. The Good Book says, "He 
 doeth great things past finding out."
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 33 
 
 We are told that obstacles overcome furnish the true 
 test of greatness. Judged by this standard, Abraham 
 Lincoln was, by all means, the greatest man of his age. 
 Keeping in mind his woeful lack of early advantages, 
 the repeated failures, sorrows and disappointments of his 
 early manhood, let us now recall the dangers and diffi- 
 culties that beset him as he awaited his inauguration. 
 Personally he suffered great disparagement. No man in 
 modern times was ever so cordially hated or so little 
 loved. He was an obscure man, comparatively unknown, 
 content to remain in seclusion until the time was ripe. 
 Mr. Lincoln preserved a dignified silence from the mo- 
 ment of his nomination. During this period his enemies 
 had not been idle. His ungainly personal appearance 
 furnished occasion for cruel caricature. He was ad- 
 vertised sometimes as a clown, sometimes as a gorilla, 
 sometimes as a fanatic. He became the bete-noire of 
 the Southern people, and had barely escaped assassina- 
 tion in Baltimore. The abolitionists repudiated him be- 
 cause he dared to love the Constitution while professing 
 to hate slavery. His own party friends were tortured 
 by the awful fear lest the "Rail-Splitter," so serviceable 
 as a candidate, might not prove equal to the require- 
 ments of leadership in such a crisis. Excitement was 
 running high. The Democratic press, with boisterous 
 solicitude for the Constitution, joined in the deafening 
 cry against coercion as though it were a more deadly 
 danger than secession. Civil war was imminent. The 
 Confederacy, equipped with civil and military establish- 
 ments, was an accomplished fact. The national treasury
 
 34 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 was bankrupt. There was nothing in it but an echo. 
 The little remnant of army and navy was scattered to the 
 four winds. Our forts and arsenals had been seized or 
 plundered. Treason, unrebuked and unrepentant, held 
 high carnival at Washington. The retiring chief magis- 
 trate proved an impotent commander and the sword fell 
 from his nerveless hand. His feeble protests betraved 
 his imbecility and furnished strong confirmation of the 
 prevalent idea that Northern men were all cowards and 
 compromisers. Somebody has sententiously remarked 
 that Mr. Buchanan in the White House was the bread- 
 and-milk poultice to bring rebellion to a head. What 
 was still more discouraging, public sentiment at the 
 North was bewildered. Something like paralysis had 
 laid hold upon it. Indignation struggled with fear and 
 everywhere doubt held the mastery. This was largely 
 because the boisterous threats and warlike preparations 
 of the Southern States were not taken seriously. Seces- 
 sion was regarded as nothing more than a desperate 
 bluff. Even the firing on the "Star of the West" in 
 Charleston Harbor was, in those days of peace, looked 
 upon as a bit of bravado rather than an act of war. 
 
 The situation in the Border States was alarming-. The 
 fate of the nation was thought to hinge upon their de- 
 cision whether to stand by the Union, or to cast in their 
 lot with the Confederacy. 
 
 These were the grave and dismal circumstances un- 
 der which the newly elected president appeared at the 
 east door of the capitol on the fourth day of March. 
 Detectives were scattered through the great concourse
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 35 
 
 to keep the peace. Riflemen were posted at convenient 
 places. Artillery frowned from the adjacent elevations. 
 Such precaution was deemed necessary to ensure the 
 safety of the distinguished speaker. It was a dark day 
 for loyal men, who had every reason to fear an immedi- 
 ate outbreak, and who seemed to have little recourse but 
 their trust in God. In that bedlam of passion and frenzy 
 of excitement there was one man who stood calm and 
 resolute. He regarded himself as a chosen instrument 
 in the hands of Almighty God to save the Union. What 
 a theme he had, and what inspiration filled his soul ! He 
 spoke as never man spoke before. It is doubtful if in 
 all political history a discourse ever produced an effect 
 so profound and so magical. His address was in every 
 sense a masterpiece. Its argument was strong and com- 
 prehensive. Its logic was unanswerable. Its keen anal- 
 ysis unmasked the fallacy of secession. At the same 
 time, its temper was so kindly, even affectionate, that it 
 seemed more like a winsome plea. The delicate skill dis- 
 played in its adaptation to the several sections of the 
 Union, was masterly. It roused the patriotism of the 
 North without alienating the loyalty of the Border States. 
 It accorded to slavery everything that slavery had a 
 right to demand under the Constitution. It was as gen- 
 erous as it was just. It brought the fire-eater face to 
 face with the proposition that the Union was unassailable 
 except by open and wicked rebellion. Southern men 
 who had been led to expect a boorish tirade were dis- 
 mayed by the powerful and pacific appeal, while Union 
 men everywhere with one accord rejoiced that God had
 
 36 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 raised up for them a leader fully equal to the great emer- 
 gency. Strong men wept with joy when this inaugural 
 broke the painful silence. In it they recognized sentiments 
 that they had felt but were not able to express. They 
 hailed this message as the gospel of the Union and Abra- 
 ham Lincoln as its savior. At one bound this country 
 lawyer, without education or special training, stood forth 
 the best equipped man of his generation to assume a bur- 
 den which can only be likened to that which mythology 
 laid upon the bending shoulders of Atlas. With his face 
 toward the approaching storm he stood undaunted, self- 
 poised, like a divinely appointed leader. To employ his 
 own language, "Without a name, without a reason why I 
 should have a name, there has fallen upon me a task 
 such as did not rest even upon the 'Father of his Coun- 
 try.' ,: He became at once master of the situation. He 
 was startled, at first blush, to realize his superiority in 
 leadership to the able men who surrounded him, some of 
 whom he had been taught to regard as demigods. He 
 looked upon his sacred trust, however, as essentially per- 
 sonal, not to be delegated or even subdivided, as Mr. 
 Seward was delicately yet firmly admonished in the early 
 days of the administration. It must be remembered, too, 
 that Mr. Lincoln was by nature shy and diffident, but the 
 decree of destiny seemed to change the whole current of 
 his life. There was no longer any trace of provincialism 
 nor of that deference that the rustic instinctively pays to 
 the man of culture and breeding. He rose to the dignity 
 of the superior power by which he was for the time being 
 possessed. Nothing short of a great inspiration could
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 37 
 
 have so developed his intellectual resources, and he soon 
 came to be justly recognized as a greater politician than 
 Thurlow Weed, a more skilful diplomat than Seward, 
 and a greater orator than Everett. His Gettysburg 
 speech is a masterpiece of eloquence and pathos, and is 
 cherished as a sacred American classic, while it passed 
 out of common recollection that Edward Everett spoke 
 on the same occasion. Before the war closed, Mr. Lin- 
 coln became a strategist of acknowledged ability. He had 
 wisdom without learning. Power never excited in his 
 mind a flush of exultation, but rather deepened the 
 shadow on his melancholy face. 
 
 He had one element of strength which was so rare 
 as almost to differentiate him from other men. Many 
 men, perhaps the majority, are honest as the world goes ; 
 but yet how few are exactly fair. Personal tastes, in- 
 terests and temperament almost necessarily warp the 
 judgment. Abraham Lincoln could be absolutely fair, 
 because when he approached a public question, his own 
 personality seemed to sink out of sight, as though he 
 had said with divine sanction, "Get thee behind me, self." 
 Neither pride of opinion nor personal prejudice seemed 
 to invade the calm serenity of his official judgment. There 
 no storms ever raged, no mist ever gathered. 
 
 Notwithstanding the abuse and vituperation that were 
 heaped upon him, you will look in vain for a sign of re- 
 sentment. Gen. McClellan suffered nothing by reason 
 of his outrageous insolence toward the Commander-in- 
 Chief, because there were interests at stake that were 
 vastly more important than military etiquette. Mr. Lin- 
 
 < l A K C K 
 
 jl 3 -± o a
 
 38 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 coin never hesitated to overlook a personal affront. There 
 was one other man who suffered yet greater humiliation 
 and who interceded for his revilers : "Father, forgive 
 them, for they know not what they do!" but that man 
 was fortified by divine grace. Lincoln approached nearer 
 to the divine ideal than any other mortal burdened with 
 like responsibilities. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln hated slavery with all the intensity 
 of his nature; but that sentiment never prejudiced the 
 President in according its legal rights under existing law. 
 Nor did it inspire any official ill-will toward the slave- 
 holder. Mr. Lincoln was anxious to make compensation 
 for slaves while such course was likely to strengthen the 
 Union cause, and he committed Congress to this broad 
 policy. When the time for emancipation was ripe, he 
 placed his immortal proclamation solely on the ground 
 of military necessity. As hateful to him as was the 
 heresy of secession, it begot no personal animosity to- 
 ward Southern men. He could appeal to them as broth- 
 ers while they were denouncing him as a tyrant or a 
 monster. 
 
 No matter how worn with the cares of his great office, 
 the President was always ready to give patient hearing 
 to the poor mother who was pleading for her son's life. 
 Whatever of weakness inhered in his administration de- 
 veloped on the side of sympathy, for among the mysteri- 
 ous splendors of this man were the energy of a giant 
 and the tenderness of a woman. Phillips Brooks once 
 said, "In Lincoln was vindicated the greatness of real 
 goodness and the goodness of real greatness."
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 39 
 
 Before the imperial tribunal of his judgment an 
 avowed enemy might be sure of exact justice, nothing 
 less, while the obsequious friend could reckon on nothing 
 more. 
 
 As an orator he belonged to no school. As a states- 
 man he had no model. He towered above all predeces- 
 sors in the blue ether of his own originality. His style 
 had the simplicity of Bunyan, the rugged strength of 
 Lord Brougham, and a pathos all his own. In his hands 
 anecdote was as persuasive as argument and droll wit 
 was as keen as a Damascus blade. 
 
 Mr. Seward, who was a ripe scholar and a master of 
 diction, suggested a fine poetic sentiment to adorn the 
 peroration of the first inaugural. Mr. Lincoln adopted 
 it, but was able to add immeasurably to 'its beauty and 
 polish, although he had never studied rhetoric in his life. 
 During all the momentous events of his administration 
 he was like a great presiding genius, with infinite pa- 
 tience brooding over all the various departments of gov- 
 ernment and over every battlefield and council chamber, 
 directing all measures, adjusting all disputes, reconciling 
 clashing ambitions, never for a moment losing his tem- 
 per or relaxing his grasp. He was the dominating spirit 
 of that heroic period. 
 
 Finally the fond hopes of the War President were 
 realized. The Union was safe. Its arch enemies, 
 slavery and secession, were dead. Four million dusky 
 beings raised their unfettered arms toward heaven and 
 invoked a blessing on "Marse Linkum." In every North- 
 ern home his name was cherished as a household word.
 
 40 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 The bronzed veterans who came and fought like demons 
 at his call had returned to their homes at his command, 
 bearing the sacred emblems of peace and victory. Tri- 
 umph brought him joy but no exultation. His kind heart 
 was already brimming over with tender sympathy for 
 the Southern people who were sitting disconsolate among 
 the ashes of their homes and hopes. 
 
 Buffeted, worn and weary, the time had come at last 
 when he might hope for rest and relaxation. His mis- 
 sion was accomplished. Already the sunshine was 
 streaming through the dark clouds. How sweet to him 
 was the prospect of serenity and peace ! 
 
 This climacteric moment, however, proved the oppor- 
 tunity for the cruel assassin. No single bullet ever 
 wounded so many hearts. So tolerant, so gentle, so un- 
 selfish, how could he inspire murder in any human 
 breast? This tragic decree of fate must ever remain 
 shrouded in the same sad mystery that envelops the cross 
 around which all Christendom kneels. 
 
 What a sad pity it seems that his majestic spirit, pure 
 as the light of the stars, "with malice toward none but 
 with charity for all," was not permitted to preside over 
 the stormy period of reconstruction — the aftermath of 
 the great war. 
 
 Perhaps the prediction of the first inaugural might 
 even then have been realized. Perhaps under his power- 
 ful enchantment the better angels of our natures might 
 even then have touched "the mystic chords that reach 
 from every battlefield to every hearthstone in this broad 
 land/' and the divine chorus of the Union might have
 
 ABRAHAM LIXCOLN. 41 
 
 softened the hearts of man and averted the agony and 
 discord that proved more intense than the war itself en- 
 gendered. 
 
 The danger is that as the passing centuries increase 
 the distance and obliterate the perspective, popular ad- 
 miration may culminate in worship, and the tendency 
 will be to idealize and deify this man. That would be 
 to rob him of all the splendors of manhood. Human 
 infirmities and limitations are the basis of all the mystery 
 and glory of his career. The marvel is that upon the 
 coarse tattered fabric of humanity, such delicate em- 
 broidery is found. 
 
 To perpetuate the fame of Abraham Lincoln, bronze 
 and marble have no office to perform. Monuments 
 simply dwarf his collossal figure. He will take his place 
 in history as the truest type of Americanism. The pul- 
 pit, the platform and the press will from year to year 
 proclaim anew his immortality. But there is another in- 
 fluence yet more potent and more constant. The Amer- 
 ican mother will gather her children about her knee, and 
 with an eloquence born of the mother-love, will tell the 
 wonderful story of the poor boy who by his own un- 
 aided efforts became the savior of a nation and the liber- 
 ator of a race, and who then made the supreme sacrifice 
 to the cause of liberty. Thus will the way be open for 
 his blessed influence to enter the lives of our own boys 
 as surely and unconsciously as the red drops shall visit 
 their brave hearts. And it follows as the night the day, 
 that if the patriotic spirit of Lincoln shall energize Amer- 
 ican youth in the future generations, then "the govern- 
 ment of the people, by the people and for the people" 
 shall never perish from the earth.
 
 THE PHANTOMS' OUTING. 
 
 By John Goadby Gbegoby. 
 
 Delightful in the summer time with Nature to commune!— 
 To fling one's soul luxurious upon the lap of June! 
 To leave the bustle and the din, 
 
 The labor and the care 
 Of city living, and to spin 
 Away to country air! 
 
 The sun is shining overhead, the breeze is from the west, 
 The fields and woods are green and fresh — the year is at its best. 
 The Phantoms know where lovely lakes 
 
 Hold mirrors to the sky; 
 The Phantoms know where echo wakes 
 To greet the passer-by; 
 
 The Phantoms know where hills' and slopes' and fertile levels' 
 
 strife 
 In rival beauty gives the gazer heightened joy of life; 
 And when the summer time incites 
 
 The race of man to jaunts, 
 The Phantoms revel, days and nights, 
 In these idyllic haunts. 
 
 They love the country's simple joys and spotlessness from sin; 
 And when their rustic rapture cloys, they gather at the inn. 
 It is not well to live apart, 
 
 There's cheer for him who dwells 
 In touch with Nature's loving heart — 
 And men — and good hotels! 
 
 June 21, 1903. 
 
 !2
 
 THE HOSTS OF PHANTOMS. 
 
 By Judge James G. Jenkins. 
 
 The ruling spirit of this ghostly order, with that seduc- 
 tive smile and engaging manner for which he is distin- 
 guished, bewitched me, against my better judgment, to 
 prepare a paper for this solemn occasion. He desired, he 
 said, something by way of dessert to follow the piece de 
 resistance of the mental feast. After the thoughtful dis- 
 course of the Phantom of legal speculation ; after the lofty 
 flight of our Pegasus, the Phantom of song; after the 
 flowing periods of our Neptune, the Phantom of water; 
 after the profound philosophy of our Baconian Phantom; 
 after the marvelous creation of our Phantom essayist, the 
 spirits would need, he said, something light in aid of men- 
 tal digestion, a course of intellectual whipped cream, so 
 to speak — something without depth of thought — some- 
 thing without substance — something frothy; and so, he 
 said, "I come to you." He also told me it was needful to 
 give a title to the paper, but that it was quite unnecessary 
 that I should speak to the text. I have given to this 
 screed the baptismal name "The Hosts of Phantoms." I 
 have indulged in consuming thought and have burned 
 much midnight oil seeking to avoid trenching upon my 
 text — striving, like Dickens' Circumlocution Office, "How 
 not to do it" — and yet to give you a paper which should 
 not be wholly inappropriate to the occasion ; and this out 
 
 43
 
 44 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 of deep cunning on my part that you should be at sea 
 touching - my subject so that I might hold your curiosity, 
 if not your interest, to the end, lest before the conclusion 
 of the paper I should be left without an audience. I trust 
 that in seeking to meet the wish of our ruling spirit, I 
 shall not incur the application of the saying that is written 
 "Mous parturiunt et nascitur inns." And so I launch my 
 little boat upon the Phantom sea. 
 
 The practical religion of a practical age declares as 
 infallible truth that man's first duty is to his stomach. 
 Unless that organ be healthy and well supplied, the body 
 is not nourished, the brain works awry and distorted 
 fancies usurp the throne of reason and of common sense. 
 The ill-conditioned stomach can neither rightly apprehend 
 the present life nor justly reason upon the life to come. 
 In vain the missionary appeals to the starving savage to 
 comprehend and reconcile the great fundamental doctrines 
 of predestination, election, foreordination and free will. 
 But fill that empty stomach with wholesome food, and 
 the brain receives invigorating force sufficient, if the treat- 
 ment be timely prosecuted, to digest even those theological 
 brickbats. 
 
 The anarchist is merely a starving stomach crying for 
 food ; the protest of nature's law of nourishment against 
 man's law of starvation. Forcible the protest, because 
 the demands of nature are peremptory ; violent, because 
 to the starving peaceable means seem unavailing. A full 
 stomach is, politically, conservative. An ill-fed stomach 
 is radical in proportion to its emptiness. The safety of 
 the state lies not in written constitutions, nor in armies,
 
 THE HOSTS OF PHANTOMS. 45 
 
 nor in navies, but in well-filled stomachs. The bullet of 
 wheat is more effective than the bullet of lead. 
 
 "Let me have men about me that are fat ; 
 Sleek-headed men, and such as sleep o' nights ; 
 Yond' Cassius has a lean and hungry look ; 
 He thinks too much ; such men are dangerous." 
 
 In all the progress of the race, man's first effort has 
 been to better his physical condition. The race has 
 striven — is still striving — for better homes, for better 
 clothing, for better food and, last, but not least, for bet- 
 ter cooking. Not, perhaps, to so great an extent as for- 
 merly, but still in large measure is it true to-day that 
 "Heaven sends us good meat, but the devil sends us cooks." 
 
 In spite of the wonderful advance in scientific knowl- 
 edge and in the means of information, but little progress, 
 outside of great commercial centers, has been made in the 
 science of cooking. Cookery should be one of the learned 
 professions. It is the master of all. It gives tone to re- 
 ligious thought. It makes and unmakes Presidents. It 
 largely influences legislation and the administration of the 
 law. It affects the decision of the judge upon the law and 
 the finding of the jury upon the facts. It creates the neces- 
 sity which renders tolerable the medical profession. It 
 solves the riddle, Is marriage a failure? It answers the 
 question, Is life worth living? But sad to say, the science 
 of cooking is for the most part in the keeping of the 
 ignorant and careless. The coat-of-arms of the average 
 cook should be a weak concoction of coffee coucliant with 
 a fried beefsteak rampant. The cook is man's tyrant. Be- 
 fore this despot how powerless are we ! His sway is all-
 
 46 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 pervading - . He is responsible for most of the evils of life. 
 He may be persuasive also to the attainment of great hap- 
 piness. Mens sana in corpora sono — a sound mind in a 
 sound body — is to the rational mind the indispensable 
 condition of complete manhood. The one cannot exist 
 without the other, and both are dependent, in large de- 
 gree, upon the cook. He controls our destinies, our bodies, 
 our nerves, our thoughts, our ambitions. His art, or 
 want of skill, builds up or destroys the body, enriches or 
 impoverishes the blood, strengthens or weakens the nerves, 
 affects the very fibre of the brain, the very quality of 
 thought. The success or failure of enterprises "of great 
 pith and moment" often hinges upon the quality of one's 
 breakfast. The Cook may be either Vishnu the preserver, 
 or Siva the destroyer. He most frequently develops as 
 the latter divinity. He is the fruitful parent of dyspep- 
 sia — and dyspepsia destroys a good statesman, a good 
 merchant, a good lawyer, a good citizen. The dyspeptic 
 is always a bear — in more senses than one — and as to 
 every enterprise. The well-fed stomach looks grandly and 
 hopefully upon life, its possibilities and its means of use- 
 fulness. The English are wise. Their appeals for char- 
 itable, religious and public aid are made at the close of a 
 good dinner. The subtle chord of sympathy between the 
 stomach and the pocket-book can only be tuned to sweet 
 music by the Cook. 
 
 This tyrant of ours is unassailable, entrenched in pow- 
 er. His government is an absolute despotism, accom- 
 panied by heavy taxation without much representation. 
 There is no republican form of government in the kitchen.
 
 THE HOSTS OF PHANTOMS. 47 
 
 No revolution can dethrone him, and we cannot live with- 
 out our tyrant. Although he slay us, yet must we trust 
 in him. 
 
 "We maj T live without poetry, music and art ; 
 We may live without couscience, and live without heart; 
 We may live without friends ; we may live without books ; 
 But civilized men cannot live without cooks." 
 
 Seeing then that much of life depends upon the cook; 
 that the stability of governments and the destinies of 
 men are within his power, ought we not as lovers of our 
 country and of our fellows, to seek the application of the 
 principles of good government first — where it is most 
 needed — to the kitchen? The need is imperative. For 
 the relief of "God's Patient Poor" let Gov. LaFollette 
 add this also to his role of suggested reforms, and break 
 down this bloated monopoly, the Cook. The subject 
 brooks not delay. The governor should not don the sena- 
 torial toga until he has compelled the Legislature to ap- 
 propriate action — constitutional or unconstitutional, for 
 what does the Constitution amount to among friends? — to 
 curb our cruel tyrant of his power for evil. Let us have 
 an appointive commission to establish rates, to correct 
 abuses, to inaugurate reform. We have common schools 
 all over the land to nourish the brain. Let us have cook- 
 ing schools, maintained by the state, to nourish the body. 
 Let the rallying cry be, "Shall the coming woman cook?" 
 It matters little whether Roosevelt or Parker be president. 
 It is essential to the safety of the Republic that we in- 
 augurate true civil service reform in the kitchen. Some 
 one has said that "if a man were permitted to make all
 
 48 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 the ballads, he need not care who should make the laws 
 of a nation." Let the Phantoms Peck and Petit name 
 the cooks, and I will show you better ballads and better 
 laws. 
 
 The contract between the ancient inn and the modern 
 hotel marks in striking manner the progress of civiliza- 
 tion. 
 
 Anciently, stringent laws were necessary to protect the 
 guest from the landlord. The latter was usually poor, of 
 rather unsavory reputation, and sometimes a highwayman. 
 Being unable — like the modern landlord — to absorb all 
 of his guest's money in a legal way, he resorted to forcible 
 and unlawful means to obtain it. The inn of the olden 
 time was a necessity to furnish a meag;re livelihood to the 
 landlord. The hotel of a commercial metropolis now is 
 the plaything of a millionaire. 
 
 Formerly traveling even for short distances from home 
 was confined to the rich and was infrequent. The inn, 
 therefore, was adapted only to the needs of the time. It 
 was small and crude in its appointments. And yet it 
 must have furnished a deal of comfort ; for over a century 
 ago so great a man as Samuel Johnson asserted that 
 "there is nothing that has yet been contrived by man by 
 which so much happiness is produced as by a good tavern 
 or inn." 
 
 But so great have become the means of intercommuni- 
 cation in modern times, and so confirmed the necessity and 
 habit of frequent and long journeys, that the inn has, at 
 all commercial centers, developed into a palace — attended 
 by an army of retainers, quick to meet the requirements
 
 THE HOSTS OF PHANTOMS. 49 
 
 of the guest. Royalty in the time of Elizabeth was not 
 lodged or fed as is the ordinary American sovereign in 
 the modern inn. A ducal palace in all its glory could not 
 compare with a metropolitan hotel of to-day. It is mag- 
 nificent in its proportions, royal in its appointments, epi- 
 curean in its larder, luxurious in all its surroundings. The 
 modern inn is a sure indication of the progress of the race 
 in material wealth and physical comfort. 
 
 And now to get within sight of my text. However 
 much the modern inn is to be commended, no one of them 
 can excel in quiet and beautiful interior, in the comfort 
 of surroundings, in luxurious ease, in the completeness of 
 the larder — in the quality and cleanliness of the linen, in 
 the excellency of the cooking, in unassuming and delight- 
 ful hospitality, the homes of which the Phantoms are, 
 upon this outing, the guests. 
 
 Every comfort is at our bidding. The ocean, the "un- 
 salted seas," the mountains, the forests, the great prairies, 
 the tropics and the Pacific slope, each, after its kind, 
 yields of its treasures to tempt and to satisfy the appetite. 
 The table groans beneath the weight of luxury ; and here 
 are cooks upon whom the title is well bestowed. Artists, 
 not boors, knowing better than to fry a beefsteak, and 
 able to distinguish the difference between coffee and dish- 
 water. 
 
 There is another department in these homes mention 
 of which may not be omitted. Ah ! Phantoms, I see your 
 eyes glisten and your mouths water at the mere sugges- 
 tion — a department in which is to be found the choicest 
 beverages, the most fragrant of Habanas. The Phan-
 
 50 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 toms' spiritual need is not forgotten here, and the smoke 
 oi his burning ascendeth forever. Here is the wine of 
 exquisite bouquet for the Phantom who fears not the 
 morning after. Here is whisky with the proper flavor 
 of smoke for the Scotch Phantom. Here is "the beer 
 that made Milwaukee famous" for the Phantom with Ger- 
 manic tastes ; and here is Apollinaris for our Prohibi- 
 tion Phantom from Chicago. Whatever of luxury an un- 
 stinted hospitality can supply is here to be found, and the 
 Phantoms are assured of right royal welcome and of right 
 royal care. Well may they be proud of their Phantom 
 Hosts. Fitting is it that in this year of Grace, they hold 
 their devotions here; for many a year shall come and go 
 before they may enjoy a more cordial hospitality, more 
 elegant homes, more sumptuous tables or better cooking 
 than is offered here. 
 
 May I be pardoned for personal reference to the Phan- 
 tom Hosts to whom we are indebted for this lavish hos- 
 pitality? It is needless to speak of them in any mere 
 words of praise. To say that their names are synonyms 
 of honor, of large-hearted liberality, of enlightened pub- 
 lie spirit, is but to state a proverb. I am sure it is the 
 wish of every individual Phantom here that each of our 
 Phantom Hosts may long live to enjoy the well deserved 
 esteem of all, and the fruits of an honest and well spent 
 life. 
 
 In closing these solemn services I desire for once to 
 speak directly to my text and to invoke the benedictions 
 of the Shades for the health and welfare of
 
 THE HOSTS OF PHANTOMS. 5 1 
 
 "The Hosts of the Phantoms/' 
 
 One — the profound lawyer, the accomplished scholar ; 
 who, coming from Kansas, gives, in his own proper 
 person, affirmative answer to the ancient conundrum 
 — Can any good thing come out of Nazareth ? 
 The other — the sagacious merchant — the able and honest 
 banker ; who, had he lived in Judea in the year A. D. 
 32, would not have been cast out of the temple with 
 the other money changers. 
 Each — A public spirited citizen, 
 A friend of the poor, 
 
 A man who, if he so desires, "can keep a hotel," 
 A Phantom, indeed, in whom there is no guile. 
 And may the Spirit of the Phantoms abide with them 
 both evermore. — Amen.
 
 THE PHANTOMS. 
 
 By John Goadby Gregory. 
 
 June, when the heart beats highest; 
 
 June, when the roses are; 
 June, when the sun climbs nighest 
 
 To the throne of the polar star; 
 June, when Night's kingdom shrivels 
 
 And the days wax bright and long; 
 When the sky is blue, and the world seems new, 
 
 And the woods are glad with song; 
 June, when the glorious country 
 
 The dwellers in town invites, — 
 June is the month when the Phantoms 
 
 Engage in their cheerful rites. 
 
 Banished, when Phantoms rally, 
 
 Are the megrims, black and blue; 
 Welcome the witty sally, 
 
 And the beautiful, good and true. 
 For Phantoms never are freaky, 
 
 Nor indiscreet, nor cross. 
 Their motto is "Sumus Amici," 
 
 Their motto is "Inter Nos"; 
 And whether they hold high converse, 
 
 Or whether they quip and quiz, 
 They draw the line at the morbid, 
 
 And aim at the best there is. 
 
 Far from the dust and clamor 
 
 Of streets, and the press of men; 
 Where summer spreads a glamor 
 
 On lake and glade and glen, 
 Where the air is undiluted, 
 
 The Phantoms yearly flit, 
 And they feel their souls recruited 
 
 By the innocent joy of it. 
 So came to old Antaeos 
 
 The strength of a second birth, 
 When he flung him down in the sunshine 
 
 On the breast of his Mother, Earth. 
 
 June 19, 1904. 
 
 52
 
 ALEXANDER HAMILTON. 
 
 By Gerry W. Hazelton. 
 
 In the realm of commanding intellectuality Alexander 
 Hamilton had no peer among his contemporaries. I do 
 not mean that he had the supreme greatness of Wash- 
 ington, or the massive strength of Marshall, or the won- 
 derful versatility of Franklin, but that he came nearer to 
 being an intellectual genius than either. Alexander Ham- 
 ilton would have been distinguished in any age or coun- 
 try. Bryce places him in the vanguard of the world's 
 great intellects. 
 
 Born in one of the West India Islands, of the best 
 Scotch and French stock, he attracted attention in child- 
 hood by his handsome face and courteous manners. His 
 development was so unusual that the neighbors thought 
 him a prodigy. 
 
 When he was fifteen, his relatives and friends raised a 
 small sum of money and sent him to Boston, where he ar- 
 rived in 1772. From there he shortly after made his way 
 to New York. Here he found friends who placed him in 
 school and surrounded him with the best social conditions. 
 In 1774 he entered King's College, but did not remain to 
 graduate. The hostile attitude of King George had 
 aroused the colonies and become the one topic of discus- 
 sion. A crisis was rapidly approaching. The young man 
 
 could not, under the circumstances, pursue his college 
 
 53
 
 54 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 studies. His patriotic sentiments were stirred to their 
 depths. He earnestly espoused the cause of the colonies, 
 and began the study of military science. He recruited 
 an artillery company, which he drilled so eagerly and 
 faithfully that General Greene was moved to introduce 
 him to Washington, and here began an intimacy which 
 was to have a marvellous influence in shaping the des- 
 tinies of the republic. 
 
 He had a natural aptitude for affairs. He was a born 
 statesman. The tracts and pamphlets written by him at 
 the age of seventeen were worthy of an experienced leader. 
 He discussed the momentous questions of the hour on the 
 platform, not as a boy would discuss them, but as the 
 ablest orator of the period would have been proud to dis- 
 cuss them. 
 
 I have no time to speak of his illustrious record as a 
 soldier. 
 
 You will remember that at the close of the war the 
 states were allowed to drift along under the old "Articles 
 of Confederation." These were a mere makeshift. No 
 executive head was provided ; no national courts were 
 established ; and there was. no method of raising revenue, 
 except by making requisition upon the states. 
 
 As you will readily suppose, such a pitiable satire upon 
 government must ere long drift upon the rocks. Before 
 three years had elapsed the states refused to honor re- 
 quisitions for revenue, and there was no authority for 
 enforcing them. A general feeling of contempt for the 
 confederation sprang up ; and yet the state sovereignty 
 sentiment was so deeply rooted in the hearts of the people
 
 ALEXANDER HAMILTON. 55 
 
 that they would not listen to the suggestion of a national 
 organism with the attributes of sovereignty. This is the 
 period that John Fiske pronounces the critical period in 
 American history. And it was. The people were patri- 
 otic, they gloried in independence, but they were dazed. 
 They could not shake off their provincialism. They could 
 not grasp the situation. They could not realize that the 
 states could be welded into a national organism, without 
 surrendering their own autonomy. There were, more- 
 over, many men who were distinguished in their own 
 states. Would they not lose their influence and promi- 
 nence the moment a national sovereignty should be estab- 
 lished ? Would not a national government absorb the liber- 
 ties and rights of the people? 
 
 There were a few leaders who were large enough to 
 grasp the national idea. They realized that a grave crisis 
 was at hand ; that the Articles of Confederation were 
 fatally inadequate ; that the United States must take their 
 place among the nations of the earth; that they must 
 have a flag to protect their commerce on the high seas; 
 that they must be armed with power to raise revenue with- 
 out calling upon the states ; that they must have an ex- 
 ecutive head with authority to enforce the laws, and to 
 guard and conserve the interests of the people as a whole. 
 
 Hamilton was one of these leaders, and by far the 
 ablest. He threw himself, with all the ardor of his nature 
 and the power of his transcendent intellect, into the fight, 
 Madison gave the movement his best and most loyal sup- 
 port. Jefferson was in France; but Washington, Frank- 
 lin, John Adams, John Jay and others endorsed it. The
 
 56 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 agitation of the subject resulted in a constitutional con- 
 vention, held in Philadelphia, which framed our national 
 constitution and submitted it to the people of the several 
 states for ratification. In the framing of this instrument, 
 which Gladstone said was the greatest achievement ever 
 struck off by the human intellect at a single blow, Madi- 
 son and Hamilton had the most prominent part. 
 
 You would naturally suppose, unless you have investi- 
 gated the subject, that the people were only too eager to 
 ratify this most wise and patriotic achievement. Not so; 
 no sooner was the instrument made public than a de- 
 termined opposition sprang up, and a resolute appeal was 
 made to the people to vote it down. The feeling of state 
 pride and state sovereignty flamed up anew. 
 
 And now the genius of Hamilton blazed forth like a 
 burst of sunlight through the rent clouds. He wrote 
 pamphlets and letters, he exerted his personal influence, 
 he set in motion every agency he could command to ensure 
 ratification. He knew that the feeling in his own state 
 was adverse, and yet he did not abandon hope. Fortun- 
 ately the convention in New York was not convened till 
 after the requisite number of states had ratified. 
 
 When the convention came together, it was ascertained 
 that two-thirds of the delegates were opposed to ratifica- 
 tion, and among them were Yates, Lansing, George Clin- 
 ton and Melancthon Smith, all men of marked ability. 
 Among those who favored the constitution were Jay, 
 Livingston and Hamilton; but it was understood that all 
 hope of winning over enough votes from the majority to 
 ensure ratification centered in Hamilton.
 
 ALEXANDER HAMILTON. 57 
 
 It hardly need be said that when the convention or- 
 ganized all the probabilities pointed to non-ratification. 
 Before a popular audience such a forcible reasoner, such 
 a consummate orator might hope to make an impression; 
 but here was a delegate convention, embracing representa- 
 tive men, accustomed to think for themselves, elected upon 
 this very issue. It seemed idle to suppose that any human 
 agency could change their views. Unfortunately, no 
 adequate report of the great debate is preserved. In our 
 time every word uttered would be caught by the reporter 
 and spread before the public in the morning paper. 
 
 But we can outline Hamilton's argument, from his 
 communications published in the Federalist, and from our 
 knowledge of the questions to be discussed. The burden 
 of the struggle was with the minority, and it would nat- 
 urally fall to Hamilton to lead the discussion, and to 
 present and enforce his views. This was his opportunity. 
 The momentous consequences which hung upon the final 
 vote of the delegates no one knew better than he. It was 
 his duty to make an argument which should not only 
 satisfy the friends of the constitution, but should antici- 
 pate and answer the objections of its antagonists. 
 
 His first object would be to show the utter inadequacy 
 of the Articles of Confederation, and to establish that 
 something must be done. On this point he could appeal 
 to common knowledge of current events. Every one 
 knew that there were no funds in the national treasury; 
 that the war debts of the several states remained unad- 
 justed ; that the obligations incurred by the Continental 
 Congress had not been, and could not be provided for,
 
 58 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 as the general government had no means of raising 
 revenue ; that commerce languished for want of the pro- 
 tection of a national flag; that the artisan and wage- 
 earner were unemployed ; that business was paralyzed, 
 and a dangerous spirit of unrest was everywhere manifest. 
 
 These conditions were elaborated with all the skill and 
 power at his command. 
 
 Next in logical sequence would come the consideration 
 of the constitution to be accepted or rejected. Was this 
 instrument adapted to the situation? Here the speaker 
 enjoyed a great advantage. He had been a member of the 
 convention which framed it. He was perfectly familiar 
 with all its provisions — had heard them discussed. He 
 called attention to the special care which had been exerted 
 to safeguard all the rights and preserve the autonomy of 
 the states. He demonstrated that the powers of the na- 
 tional government were expressly limited to subjects of 
 national concern ; that as to all matters of local interest the 
 sovereignty of the states remained unimpaired. Here was 
 the sensitive point, and it was Hamilton's aim to establish 
 his contention with such clear and powerful reasoning, 
 that it could not be effectually assailed. 
 
 He now came to a view of the subject which he might 
 well assume would appeal to the convention. He sketched 
 the settlement of Manhattan Island ; he called attention 
 to its location on the map ; to its unrivaled advantages 
 as a commercial emporium, and pictured, in the glow of 
 his rich fancy, the metropolis of the new world when the 
 commerce of the future, whitening every sea, protected 
 by the flag of the Republic, should pour its treasures into
 
 ALEXANDER HAMILTON. 59 
 
 her lap. With such a golden opportunity just within 
 reach, could New York — the great state of New York — 
 afford to stand aloof, to surrender her natural advantages, 
 and allow them to pass to other sea-board cities? 
 
 He conjured with the name of Washington. He read 
 the letter written by him a few weeks before to the Massa- 
 chusetts convention, urging ratification in the strongest 
 terms he could command. He assured his hearers that 
 Washington would be the first President, and would ad- 
 minister the government in the interest of the whole 
 people. 
 
 And then he stepped out into the broader field of 
 argument, and affirmed that the question before them 
 must be considered not on provincial, but on broad na- 
 tional lines ; that if the people could not be trusted with 
 the management of national concerns, then the whole 
 fabric of popular government was a manifest delusion 
 and must be given up. He urged them to show their 
 faith in the people ; to contemplate the beneficence of a 
 republic based on popular rights, illustrating in its onward 
 march the great principles for which the colonies had con- 
 tended — a republic with power to command the respect 
 of the nations of the earth, and to work out the theory 
 of free institutions on a national scale, never forgetting 
 that the success of the national organism would alone 
 ensure the highest welfare of the states. 
 
 This is the merest outline of an, argument which in 
 tact, in brilliancy, in convincing power has never been 
 surpassed.
 
 60 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 It was manifest that a tremendous impression had been 
 produced, and the opposing forces put upon the defensive. 
 A running debate followed, participated in by Hamilton 
 and others, which continued for about three weeks, when 
 Melancthon Smith, who had led the opposition, announced 
 that his views had changed during the discussion, and 
 that he should vote for ratification. This threw the Clin- 
 ton forces into confusion, and Hamilton scored the great 
 victory of his life. The vote in the convention was hailed 
 with jubilation and bonfires in every community, and 
 when, on his return to New York city, a monster parade 
 marched down Broadway with bands and banners, the 
 great champion of the Republic saw his own name em- 
 blazoned on the transparencies, and heard the acclaim of 
 human voices which rent the air in his honor. 
 
 I believe it may be fairly claimed that no more wonder- 
 ful personal triumph was ever achieved in the intellectual 
 arena. 
 
 I have only time to advert in the briefest manner to 
 his illustrious service in setting the new government in 
 operation. Washington, who understood his capacity, in- 
 vited him to the most important and difficult place in his 
 cabinet — secretary of the treasury. As such he assumed 
 the business management of the administration. He not 
 only outlined a financial policy, but actually framed the 
 laws to carry it into effect. His genius compassed every 
 detail. He inaugurated the policy of encouraging home 
 manufactures by laying a duty on imports. He advo- 
 cated and brought about the establishment of a national
 
 ALEXANDER HAMILTON. 61 
 
 bank. He provided a scheme for assuming the war debt 
 of the states, and funding the national debt. 
 
 The effect of his policies was simply magical. The 
 credit of the government was established, business re- 
 vived, hostility to the constitution was silenced, and the 
 republic entered upon its career under the most promising 
 and glorious auspices. 
 
 It is delightful to recall that, notwithstanding his qual- 
 ifications for public service, Hamilton never schemed for 
 office. All his efforts from boyhood to the day of his 
 untimely death seemed to be prompted solely by his sense 
 of duty. He sacrificed his eager ambition for an inde- 
 pendent command in the Revolutionary War, because he 
 knew, what every reader of history now knows, that 
 Washington needed him on his staff. He gave up his 
 practice in 1786 in order to arouse the people to the 
 necessity of providing a national government. In 1789 
 he relinquished his large and growing income to accept 
 a place in Washington's cabinet, not because he could 
 afford the sacrifice, but because he felt that he could be 
 instrumental in promoting the welfare and insuring the 
 success of the government under the national constitu- 
 tion. In 1800, when it was ascertained that Jefferson 
 and Aaron Burr commanded the same number of electoral 
 votes, he urged his friends to vote for Jefferson, a per- 
 sonal and political antagonist, because he deemed Burr 
 corrupt and unworthy of the office. 
 
 He was a public-spirited citizen of the noblest type; 
 a statesman of transcendent ability; a patriot whose de- 
 votion knew no limitations.
 
 62 IIIANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 On the marble slab above his ashes in Trinity Church- 
 yard, in the great metropolis where he lived and where 
 he was loved and honored, may be read this impressive in- 
 scription : 
 
 "The patriot of incorruptible integrity, the soldier of 
 approved valor, the statesman of consummate wisdom, 
 whose talents and virtues will be admired by grateful pos- 
 terity long after this marble shall have mouldered into 
 dust."
 
 FAITH VERSUS COLLATERALS. 
 
 "We walk by faith and not by sight. This is the victory which 
 over cometh the wor/d, even our faith." 
 
 By John Johnston. 
 
 Some years ago, a well-known attorney of Milwaukee 
 and I were discussing questions bearing on the subject of 
 "Faith," and I being inclined to place far more impor- 
 tance upon this grace than my friend, he was not slow to 
 ridicule me for the position I took, "because," said he, "a 
 banker is well known to be opposed to lending money on 
 faith, but almost always insists on collaterals." I replied 
 that I would rather transact business with an honest man 
 without collaterals than with a dishonest man with col- 
 laterals ; which only increased his surprise and ridicule. 
 
 Six months had elapsed when it transpired that my 
 friend had loaned several thousand dollars on bonds and 
 mortgages, which turned out to be forged. The next 
 time we met he was prepared to admit that I was not so 
 far wrong as he had at first been inclined to maintain. 
 
 After this occurrence I resolved that sometime I would 
 write down a few thoughts on the important part which 
 Faith takes in the transactions of every day life, and I 
 now submit them, trusting that they will be judged leni- 
 ently as coming not from a writer but a business man. 
 
 As faith is that state of mind or attitude on which re- 
 ligion is largely based, and to which religion makes its 
 
 63
 
 64 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 appeals, an attempt is sometimes made to belittle faith and 
 regard it as the guide of women and children and super- 
 stitious men. I believe, however, on mature deliberation 
 it will be found that faith or trust which is the seed-plot 
 of religion is substantially the same state of mind in 
 which we act every day and hour in the ordinary business 
 and avocations of life. 
 
 Whether we believe in God or not, whether we have 
 faith in a future existence or not, the system of things 
 amid which we are placed, on the one hand, and the con- 
 stitution of our minds, on the other hand, are such that 
 we act almost continually in the affairs of daily life on 
 faith — the same state of mind — the same principle to 
 which religion appeals. Throughout the great range of 
 human knowledge and all that moves to human action, 
 whatever is not seen by the senses, or whatever cannot be 
 the subject of strict demonstration, must either be a mat- 
 ter of faith or a matter of opinion. Opinion is based 
 upon inference ; Faith on trust. 
 
 Men do not differ on what can be perceived by the 
 senses ; all men believe that fire burns ; men do not differ 
 on what can be demonstrated ; all men believe that twice 
 two are four. But men do differ widely in opinions be- 
 cause they are grounded on inference. Men start from 
 different premises, and in their deductions they wander 
 off into different avenues. The conservative, for example, 
 assumes the premise that the object of civil government 
 is the maintenance of public order, while the liberal starts 
 with the assumption that it is the well-being of the people, 
 the greatest good of the greatest number. It is amazing,
 
 FAITH VERSUS COLLATERALS. 65 
 
 the variety of sentiment, the difference of judgment, the 
 diversity of action arising from men's opinions because 
 thev are founded on inference and not on sense or demon- 
 strations. 
 
 But all this vast variety of opinions rests on a broad, 
 deep, underlying substratum of Faith. Faith is trust, 
 trust in those things where we have neither the evidence 
 of the senses nor the absolute demonstration to guide us. 
 We could not engage in the activities of life for a single 
 day if we had no faith in the constitution of the natural 
 world as we see it, and faith in our fellow men. We lay 
 all our plans in faith the sun will rise tomorrow or that 
 the temperature and component parts of the atmosphere 
 will be the same tomorrow as they are to-day, and so on, 
 through all the material surroundings in which we find 
 ourselves placed. We have no proof that the sun will 
 rise tomorrow : indeed the day will come when it will 
 not rise. We have no proof that air tomorrow may not 
 become impregnated with gases which will destroy all life; 
 indeed, the time may come when such will be the case. 
 If the atmosphere should become only a little more dense 
 than it now is we should all suffocate ; if it should become 
 a degree more rare than it now is we should be frozen 
 solid. When we examine the stony records written upon 
 the tablets of the earth we find evidence of many vast 
 revolutions in the natural order, one condition of things 
 succeeding another until our planet has reached a state 
 bearing no resemblance whatever to the earlier stages of 
 its history. Even the pole star is in a different place in 
 the heavens from what it was thousands of years ago.
 
 66 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 Notwithstanding the mighty changes of the past we 
 plan and work in the faith that the present order of things 
 is to continue. We cannot demonstrate that it will con- 
 tinue ; our confidence cannot even be based on a broad and 
 reliable induction. We believe by faith and not by sight, 
 and, if this faith in the continuance of the present order 
 should become shaken all the great and far-reaching en- 
 terprises which fill the activities of everyday life would be 
 paralyzed. We erect buildings, we cut down the forests, 
 we drain the swamps, we manure our lands, we sow seed, 
 we reclaim the waste places of the earth, because we have 
 faith that we shall be repaid for doing so. We have faith 
 in the unseen and the future, precisely the same charac- 
 teristic of mind as is called forth in religion. 
 
 But it is not alone in the continuance of the present 
 order of our environments that we manifest our faith : we 
 also show it in even a greater and more remarkable degree 
 in the trust we repose in the regularity of our fellow men. 
 The fact is, the more civilized we become, the more we 
 live by faith. The Indian trusts his fellows but little ; 
 the more savage he is the more isolated he is ; but as men 
 come into society they must have faith more and more 
 in their fellow men. The whole business world, the whole 
 fabric of social life, rests on the good faith of those with 
 whom we deal. The employed trust their employer, the 
 patient trusts his physician, the depositor trusts the 
 banker, the merchant sends his ship to sea trusting in the 
 captain and his men. Every time we travel on the rail- 
 way we show our faith in the competence of the engineer 
 and in the fidelity of every switchman and guard at the
 
 FAITH VERSUS COLLATERALS. 67 
 
 crossings. We trust our police and night watchmen ; we 
 trust our grocers and butchers ; and even great battles 
 have been begun because faith was placed in the story of 
 some spy or deserter. When a friend leaves us to visit a 
 distant country it is only through faith that he knew that 
 there was such a country to visit ; it is through faith that 
 hundreds and thousands trust themselves to a steamer, 
 faith in the captain, faith in the engineer, faith in every 
 cook and steward, faith that sufficient food has been pro- 
 vided for the voyage, in the instrument with which the 
 captain takes his bearings, in the needle as true. This 
 Faith is omnipresent, guiding every step, in common as 
 in the momentous affairs of life. 
 
 The activities of every day life are based not only on 
 faith in the continuance in the present order of nature, 
 not only on faith in our fellow men, but also on what is 
 far more uncertain still, viz. : the indefinite continuance of 
 our own lives and those of our fellow men. 
 
 We bestow great care on the education of our chil- 
 dren, to fit them for the various positions in life which 
 they may be expected to fill. We labor day and night to 
 give them a good start in the world, without knowing 
 how they will appreciate our care or whether they will 
 ever reach manhood at all. We enter into engagements, 
 we form plans, we initiate great enterprises, which we 
 would never think of if we were not full of faith that our 
 own life and that of those associated with us will be pro- 
 longed, and if we take into account the many lives which 
 enter our plans the probabilities are great that some of 
 them will terminate soon.
 
 68 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 So far, then, from its being true that it is only in matters 
 of religion that man is called upon to exercise "Faith," or 
 that it is only in this relation that he is required to act on 
 evidence short of absolute certainty as to the issue of his 
 conduct, the fact is that in all the most important affairs 
 of life we live by Faith and not by sight, and we expect 
 absolute demonstration in not one of a thousand of the 
 questions which press upon us in daily life. 
 
 Again, the more men act on Faith the higher and 
 better they become. Faith in religion is the same in 
 principle as faith in worldly matters, differing only in its 
 object. When a little child gives up an hour's idleness 
 today, for a whole holiday tomorrow, he lives by faith 
 — the future happiness supersedes a present pleasure. In 
 proportion then as men, even in worldly affairs, act on 
 faith and not on mere selfish interest or present appetite, 
 in proportion as they can refuse immediate gratification, 
 they become more trustworthy in the various relations of 
 life, and in like proportion does society become pure, re- 
 fined and stable, and in like proportion do families become 
 happy and nations prosperous. Men who live by faith 
 and not by sight even in the most common affairs of life 
 will keep rising higher and higher, while he who lives 
 only in the present hour, and for the present hour will 
 have only the reward of the present hour. 
 
 Not only then are men called upon to act on the un- 
 certain, as respects their every-day affairs, but they do act 
 upon it, voluntarily, cheerfully, persistently. It matters 
 not how many railroad accidents there are, men will con- 
 tinue to ride on the railways ; it matters not how many
 
 FAITH VERSUS COLLATERALS. 69 
 
 dishonest bankers there are, men will continue to deposit 
 money in the banks ; it matters not how many tricky law- 
 yers and incompetent judges there are, men will engage 
 in lawsuits ; it matters not how many incompetent doctors 
 there are, men in the hour of sickness will send for the 
 doctor. No instances of failure however numerous, how- 
 ever striking and however disastrous they may be, will 
 make men cease from acting on faith. In fact they can- 
 not help acting on faith. Universal scepticism, distrust 
 and doubt would paralyze society and every savage among 
 us would hunt his own game, and make his own clothing 
 from the animals he killed in the chase. 
 
 We rise early and sit up late, we work manfully and 
 cheerfully, we assume present anxieties and forego pres- 
 ent pleasure, all for an uncertain good, expected to be 
 ours at a future period — often a remote period, so remote 
 indeed that a fair induction would place it clearly beyond 
 the probable duration of our lives. 
 
 Now of all future contingencies, the issues of spiritual 
 culture and discipline, the issues of acting from moral re- 
 gards — of acting agreeably to the claims and dictates of 
 religious faith, are the least uncertain of any. 
 
 In the first place, it is a great mistake to suppose that 
 all the issues of recognizing religious obligation and act- 
 ing on Faith are postponed to a future life. The life of a 
 truly religious man has its advantages in the present state 
 of being, and these advantages are neither few nor small. 
 Take the case of two young men ; one chooses to gratify 
 his animal cravings, his love of unhealthy excitement,
 
 70 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 tries to shirk hard work, cannot bear self-denial and per- 
 sistent discipline. You see him every day lounging about 
 the hotels, smoking a cigar, swaggering along the streets 
 with a few boon companions vainly attempting by the 
 loudness of their conversation and dress to make up for 
 the paucity of their ideas and the unfurnished condition 
 of their minds. There may not be anything absolutely 
 vicious in the young man, but he spends nearly all his 
 spare time (and he contrives to have a good deal of it to 
 spare) in the pursuit of may be harmless pleasures and 
 physical enjoyments. He is laying up no stock for the 
 future, he lives by sense and not by faith, and being de- 
 pendent on external objects and his senses, he is poorly 
 furnished for sickness or old age when his animal powers 
 and susceptibilities have decayed. Another young man, 
 through present self-denial, discipline and hard work, 
 with the eye of faith fixed upon the future, draws upon 
 the storehouses of knowledge, pursues science, studies 
 history ; like Moses, by faith he refuses to be called the 
 son of Pharoah's daughter, choosing rather to suffer afflic- 
 tion with the people of God than enjoy the pleasures of 
 sin for a season, esteeming the reproach of wisdom 
 greater riches than the treasures of Egypt. When the 
 winter of old age comes over the physical nature it does 
 not invade or diminish his resources ; the winds may howl 
 and the rains may pour, he has his books, his studies, he 
 has a storehouse of inexhaustible interest and pleasure 
 from which to draw. And this is but the first installment 
 of the reward of pursuing objects higher than those of 
 sense ; of Faith, as of wisdom, it may be said —
 
 FAITH VERSUS COLLATERALS. 71 
 
 According as her labors rise, 
 
 So her rewards increase. 
 Her ways are ways of pleasantness, 
 
 And all her paths are peace. 
 
 Those who argue that a life of sense is to be preferred 
 to a life of Faith, are not without reasons for their posi- 
 tion. They claim that the evidence of a moral govern- 
 ment and the existence of a moral governor comes short 
 of absolute certainty. They forget that absolute certainty 
 would make the formation of moral character impossible. 
 There can be no moral action unless there be room for 
 choice. Without room for choice there can be no test of 
 disposition, no discipline, no training, no evolution of 
 character, in fact no such thing as moral character at all. 
 If the results of our conduct were to press constantly, in- 
 stantaneously, forcibly on our senses, such pressure would 
 exclude room for choice, we would cease to be free agents, 
 all moral trial, discipline and growth of character would 
 be impossible. This hiding of the results in the impene- 
 trable future calls forth the life of Faith, and this applies 
 not only to religion, but to all our secular activities as 
 well. 
 
 We are, however, under a moral economy ; and no 
 amount of scepticism as to the fact, no rebellion of the 
 spirit, however violent, will be of any avail to avert the 
 results. Whatever a man sows that shall he reap. The 
 harvest may be distant, but it must surely come. We 
 hear of young men sowing their wild oats ; it should not 
 be forgotten that they must also harvest the crop thev 
 sow. Show me a man who is living a life of utter selfish- 
 ness, pursuing his own pleasure in disregard of all moral
 
 72 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 considerations, and the happiness of his fellow creatures, 
 and I will show you a man who must arrive at unhappi- 
 ness, either in this world or the world to come. 
 
 I firmly believe, however, that a life of Faith is prefer- 
 able even if man's existence were to terminate with the 
 dissolution of the body. One year of the life of Faith is 
 worth more than ten years of the most successful career 
 of animal and sensuous gratification. To the man whose 
 ledger is his Bible and whose every hour is crowded with 
 efforts to fill his barns or his pocket, it is hard to explain 
 the high and noble pleasures to be derived from imagina- 
 tion, affection, anticipation, faith. "A man's life con- 
 sisted! not in the abundance of the things which he pos- 
 sesseth." As I have already explained, the man who is 
 wholly engrossed with the pursuits of the present, has no 
 greater certainty of reaping an adequate return for his 
 labor, and he acts on no more rational or reliable grounds 
 than the man who is governed by religious Faith. 
 
 The man who confines himself to the pursuit of secular 
 objects, not only proceeds largely on Faith in the great 
 majority of his undertakings, but he gives his whole time 
 and attention to such things, with the absolute certainty 
 that the period during which he can cling to such pursuits 
 is a very limited one, with the certainty also that exclusive 
 devotion to them, and exclusive enjoyment of them must 
 unfit him for any other mode of life, a most undesirable 
 result, were there even no more than a small probability 
 of his existence being prolonged in another state of being. 
 The worldly man stakes his all on the present, and we see 
 failures upon every hand. The spiritual man, the man
 
 FAITH VERSUS COLLATERALS. 73 
 
 who lives by Faith, cannot become bankrupt. He has be- 
 come largely independent of his environments, he is no 
 longer under the tyranny of accidents. 
 
 The fountain of his delight lies in the everlasting 
 Hills, far above the vicissitudes of earth and time. His 
 glory is in his character, not in his material riches. His 
 glory is in what he is, not in what he has. His character 
 remains, his riches he must leave behind him in a very 
 few years. 
 
 So far I have defined Faith as simple "trust." Who- 
 ever wrote the epistle to the Hebrews gave a definition 
 which cannot be surpassed. "Faith," says he, "is the sub- 
 stance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not 
 seen." The Revised Version has it "now Faith is the 
 assurance of things hoped for, the proving of things not 
 seen. Faith is so strong, so full, so overpowering that it 
 is proof. The little squirrel as it lays in its store of nuts 
 needs no proof that winter is coming, its instincts tell it, 
 and is not man's faith as much to be trusted as the instinct 
 of the squirrel ? Faith is the proof of things not seen. 
 
 Paul speaks in his letter to the Church at Corinth of 
 Faith, Hope, Charity or Love, but greatest of these is 
 Love. These three graces are so bound together they 
 cannot be separated. We cannot have faith in what we 
 do not hope for and love, we cannot love what we have 
 no faith in. If Love rules in heaven, faith appropri- 
 ates heaven. Love would have but a poor time in this 
 world without faith. Faith must do the fighting. The 
 divinest attribute is Love, but the mightiest principle is 
 Faith. Faith without works is dead — it is not faith. A
 
 74 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 Faith which is not evidenced by works is like a magnet 
 which has lost its power of attraction. 
 
 As Faith without works is dead, so Faith without 
 knowledge may become superstition. I am not prepared 
 to say whether scepticism or superstition is most to be 
 deplored. It is difficult to know which to pity, the snail 
 which folds himself in his hard impenetrable shell, and 
 is oblivious alike to the winds which blow and sun which 
 shines, or the simple-minded butterfly which takes in all 
 nature with unquestioning eye and perishes in the first 
 hour of twilight. 
 
 All the knowledge we obtain from the testimony of 
 others rests on our faith in this testimony. The argu- 
 ment of the Scottish philosopher, Hume, against miracles 
 is sometimes quoted as something unanswerable. Hume 
 said that no testimony can be sufficient to establish some- 
 thing different from the course of nature to which we 
 have been accustomed unless the testimony be of such a 
 kind that its falsehood would be more miraculous than 
 the fact which it endeavors to establish. 
 
 Hume seems to have forgotten that a very great 
 amount of the knowledge we have of the course of nature 
 is derived from the testimony of others, and must be 
 taken on faith. 
 
 When the traveller told the Hindoo Chief as they stood 
 on the Banks of the Ganges and gazed on the immense 
 volume of its water flowing downwards to the Ocean, 
 that in his country the waters of the rivers sometimes 
 became as hard as stone, and men and horses could travel 
 on their surface, the Hindoo Chief virtually quoted
 
 FAITH VERSUS COLLATERALS. 75 
 
 Hume's argument. He said no amount of testimony will 
 ever make me believe that such a change in the course 
 of nature is possible. I and my fathers for a thousand 
 years have seen water and have never seen it in any other 
 but a liquid form, therefore no testimony of yours can 
 ever make me believe such an improbable story as you 
 now have told me. If Hume were to come back to earth 
 and we should tell him that, standing at one end of a wire, 
 we could converse freely with a person at the other end 
 of the wire, 1,000 miles away, he would no doubt quote 
 his ancient objection as unanswerable, and say, When it 
 comes to a conflict between my experience as to the course 
 of nature and my experience as to testimony, I must 
 reject the testimony. Yes, we all know how far wrong 
 Mr. Hume would be, although we do not always realize 
 how very little the wisest of us know about the so-called 
 course of nature. 
 
 The greatest deeds of men in the history of the world 
 have been by men animated by faith. We cannot analyze 
 faith, we cannot dissect it, any more than we can tell why 
 the needle trembles to the pole, or flowers open to the 
 sunlight. Faith is a spiritual insight not possessed by 
 all men alike; it is seeing with the eye of the soul what 
 we cannot see with the eye of the body. 
 
 The noblest and most heroic deeds of history have been 
 done by men who had faith in themselves, faith in their 
 fellow men and faith in God. The great teacher said, "If 
 ye have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye shall say to 
 this mountain, remove hence to yonder place, and it shall 
 remove," and we must all remember circumstances in our
 
 76 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 lives when some great mountain of difficulty was removed 
 when we approached it strong in faith that we could 
 certainly succeed in removing it. 
 
 The eleventh chapter of Hebrews contains a grand roll 
 of honor of those who in Jewish history, by Faith "sub- 
 dued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained prom- 
 ises, stopped the mouths of lions, quenched the violence 
 of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of weakness 
 were made strong, waxed valiant in the fight, turned to 
 flight the armies of the aliens; others were tortured, not 
 accepting any deliverance that they might obtain a better 
 resurrection, and others had trial of cruel mockings and 
 scourgings, yea, moreover, of bonds and imprisonment ; 
 they were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, 
 were slain with the sword, they wandered about in sheep- 
 skins, and goat-skins, being destitute, afflicted, tormented 
 — of whom the world was not worthy, they wandered in 
 deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of 
 earth." 
 
 We might speak of the martyr patriots of many nations 
 who walked by faith and not by sight — who triumphed 
 over the trials of the present seeing Him who is invisible. 
 I think it cannot be questioned that faith lies at the 
 root of all efficient action, and that a man or a nation 
 is mighty in deed, precisely as he or it is mighty in 
 faith. I do not mean alone Christian Faith, but I mean 
 that Faith which sees beyond the present and believes 
 in the triumph of what is right. By faith Leonidas of 
 Sparta held the Pass of Thermopylae with a handful 
 of brave men against the hosts of Xerxes. By faith —
 
 FAITH VERSUS COLLATERALS. 77 
 
 a burning faith — "the tribes which lay scattered like the 
 dismembered limbs of a great giant all over the Arabian 
 desert" were welded together and arose and shook the 
 earth while every nation trembled at the name of 
 Mohammed. In the mountains and glens of Scotland 
 "the poor clay which for generations the haughty 
 barons had trodden into slime, became heated in the 
 furnace of faith, and the tillers of the soil, the trades- 
 men, the mechanics suddenly became men with strong 
 spiritual convictions for which they were ready to live 
 and to die, and the humblest peasant feared not to face 
 the dragoons of Claverhouse or cross swords with the 
 night-riders of Buccleugh." By faith Cromwell and 
 his Ironsides, to the cry of "The sword of the Lord and 
 of Gideon!" scattered the cavaliers of Charles in many 
 a well fought field ; and what shall we say of Washing- 
 ton and Lincoln whose faith verily removed mountains. 
 
 I need not draw any more examples from history to 
 show that the men and nations who were mighty in 
 action were the men and nations who were mighty 
 in Faith ; and the same is true in the humbler walks of 
 every day life, in the common affairs of business or 
 politics. 
 
 I have said that the man of Faith, has faith in his 
 fellow men, faith in God and also faith in himself as 
 God's servant ; it follows also that he has faith in the 
 final triumph of what is right. And what peace of mind 
 this faith gives him ! He does not worry about the 
 outcome. Even Robert Burns, poor, dispirited and 
 tossed about with a conflict of emotions as he was, had
 
 78 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 faith in the final triumph of the brotherhood of man. 
 He sang more than a century ago 
 
 "It's coming yet, for a' that, 
 
 When man to man the world o'er 
 Shall brothers be, for a' that." 
 
 Yes, it is coming, great progress has been made since 
 Burns wrote these lines. The eye of faith all over the 
 world sees the growing light of the rising sun of uni- 
 versal peace, and T am sure every lover of his race 
 responds "God speed the day !" I believe there never 
 was a time in the history of the world when there were 
 so many men and women of faith as there are at the 
 present moment. I mean intelligent faith, not ignorant, 
 supersitious faith. He who has Faith has Peace. 
 
 The gross, blatant infidelity and atheism of a few 
 generations ago have almost wholly disappeared. Inger- 
 soll was the last who advocated such a coarse and heart- 
 less crushing out of the noblest aspirations of the soul. 
 I have recently been reading some of the writings of the 
 late John Fiske, and it is remarkable how age and maturer 
 wisdom modified his earlier views, swinging him around 
 from something like scepticism to the most supreme Faith 
 in God and an existence beyond the grave. 
 
 No Christian could write in a more triumphant strain 
 than he does in some of his later writings. He maintains 
 that the doctrine of evolution has placed humanity upon 
 a higher pinnacle than ever. In his essay on "The Des- 
 tiny of Man" he says, "The future is lighted for us in the 
 radiant colors of hope. Strife and sorrow shall disap- 
 pear, peace and love shall reign supreme. The dream of
 
 FAITH VERSUS COLLATERALS. 79 
 
 poet, the lesson of priest and prophet, the inspiration of 
 the great musician is confirmed in the light of modern 
 knowledge, and as we gird ourselves up for the work of 
 life, we may look forward to the time, when in reality 
 'the kingdoms of this world shall become the kingdoms 
 of Christ, and he shall reign for ever and ever, King of 
 Kings, and Lord of Lords.' " To this grand prediction 
 I am sure we all respond Amen.
 
 THE FATED ARMY. 
 
 By John Goadby Gregory. 
 
 Behold the files upon the hill 
 
 Salute the glowing morn, 
 And see the sun of summer drill 
 
 The soldiers of the corn. 
 
 Cockaded and Deplumed, all grand 
 
 In uniforms of green. 
 Upright and tall and strong they stand; 
 
 Their swords are long and keen. 
 
 As far as eye can reach, they spread 
 
 To east and west away. 
 So stretched the host by Xerxes led, 
 
 That perished in a day. 
 
 A doom as swift the corn shall smite 
 
 As Xerxes' troops befell. 
 And not a soldier live at night 
 
 The havoc's tale to tell. 
 
 80
 
 THE PHANTOM OF PHANTOM 
 
 LAKE. 
 
 By Rolland L. Porter. 
 
 This story was told to me by an old trapper who used 
 to trap along the Fox river, near which I lived. I was 
 a boy then, and he was an old man; so you can see it 
 dates back early in the century. 
 
 Since it is his story, perhaps a description of him and 
 his surroundings would not be out of place. 
 
 Imagine yourselves plodding along in timber so thickly 
 covered with trees and brush that you can scarcely see 
 ten rods, and suddenly coming out onto a little shack, 
 so well protected by its color and the surrounding timber 
 that you could scarcely find it again if you wandered off 
 a short distance. The south side of this hut is nearly 
 covered with skins; the north side has a small window 
 and a door, both of which are open. The old trapper 
 sits outside, skinning a muskrat, and is pleased to see a 
 visitor, as few come his way. He is the wreck of a once 
 well-built and good-looking man. You can scarcely call 
 him a wreck either ; he is still powerful-looking, although 
 his long gray hair and grizzly beard detract from that 
 effect. Enough of the trapper and his home. Under such 
 circumstances I visited him one day about the year 1855. 
 He was glad to see me, and, being in a reminiscent mood, 
 said: "I will tell you a story which is not a story. It 
 
 81
 
 82 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 is the history of a lake with which you are familiar." 
 He then proceeded to relate the story which I tell you 
 tonight. I will give it in his words, without attempting, 
 however, to give you the dialect, and may it lose none of 
 its weirdness. 
 
 "About fifty years ago, when this country was the 
 unmolested home of my truest friend, the Indian, I was 
 living with a tribe of Winnebagoes. We had come down 
 one fall from the north to Mukwonago, 'the place of the 
 bear,' on account of the scarcity of game in our region 
 and the abundance here. We settled on what was called 
 Mi-ni-wau-kan, or Spirit lake. We had not been there 
 long when a stray band of Sacs came and camped near 
 us. They also had been starved out in their territory. 
 As they were stronger than we, and were inclined to be 
 agreeable, we raised no objections. In about two weeks, 
 however, a tribe of Winnebagoes pitched their wig- 
 wams on the other side of the Sacs from us. The two 
 camps greatly outnumbered the Sacs, and there certainly 
 would have been trouble if the Sacs had not realized this 
 and carefully avoided us. The Winnebagoes would have 
 nothing to do with the Sacs, with the exception of two 
 youths, Zi-ca-ho-ta, 'the Squirrel,' of the former, and Ho- 
 ma-ba, 'the Wild Man,' of the latter tribe. These two 
 had fallen in love with I-wo-so, 'Pouting Lips,' the 
 daughter of the Sac chief, Ma-to-cin-ca-la. Zi-ca-ho-ta 
 was the favorite of the tribe, and was richer in skins 
 than any, excepting his father, the chief. He was ordi- 
 narily a very quiet fellow, but his infatuation for I-wo-so 
 made him equal in recklessness to his rival, Ho-ma-ba.
 
 PHANTOM OF PHANTOM LAKE. 83 
 
 I-wo-so favored Ho-ma-ba, who declared publicly that 
 he would win the Sac maiden, but Ma-to-cin-ca-la, her 
 father, favored Zi-ca-ho-ta. Zi-ca-ho-ta wooed Ma-to- 
 cin-ca-la and avoided the maiden. He told of his wealth 
 and his aspirations for the seat of his father, the chief, 
 and this won the sachem. Ho-ma-ba, meanwhile, avoided 
 the chief and wooed the maiden. He told of his prowess 
 in war, his cunning in the hunt, and gained her love. 
 
 "It is needless to say I-wo-so told nobody of her pref- 
 erence, and Ho-ma-ba was seldom seen at the wigwam of 
 I-wo-so. Zi-ca-ho-ta was warmly welcomed to the lodge 
 by Ma-to-cin-ca-la and was always well treated by I-wo- 
 so. Ho-ma-ba mysteriously disappeared. Nobody had 
 seen him; nobody knew where he was. Some thought 
 he had been killed by Zi-ca-ho-ta, but those who knew 
 Zi-ca-ho-ta ridiculed the idea. The belief spread, how- 
 ever, and when Ho-ma-ba had been gone a week the chief 
 told Zi-ca-ho-ta that unless he produced Ho-ma-ba in 
 four days he would be punished for the crime. Of 
 course, that was wrong, but it was the mandate of the 
 chief and had to be complied with. Hopeless as the case 
 seemed, Zi-tca-ho-ta started out to find Ho-ma-ba, and 
 worked as zealously as though he had been his brother. 
 He had been gone three days and did not succeed in 
 getting any trace of him. On the night of the fourth 
 day the people were all sitting around the fire. They 
 were all so anxious about the mystery of Ho-ma-ba's dis- 
 appearance that the small-talk of the young braves inter- 
 ested them very little, but they gave full attention when
 
 84 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 the old warrior started to tell them the legend of Mi-ni- 
 wau-kan lake, where they were encamped. 
 
 "The old man told them that the Mi-ni-wau-kan, or 
 Water-spirit, dwelt in this lake, and claimed for his bride 
 the fairest maiden among the tribes. In vain did the 
 people try to keep her from the lake ; some irresistible 
 influence drew her there, and she was seen no more. 
 Sometimes she went for water, sometimes she went out in 
 the canoe, sometimes she was sitting on the bank. It 
 made no difference, the Mi-ni-wau-kan had never been 
 deprived of his bride. Some believed this story of the 
 old man; the majority did not — not that they thought it 
 impossible, they simply thought it improbable, since they 
 had never heard of it before. They were discussing the 
 subject when Zi-ca-ho-ta came into camp. He had not 
 found Ho-ma-ba, but said he would show him to them 
 before the moon was an hour high. Zi-ca-ho-ta went to 
 his wigwam and stayed until moonrise, when he quietly 
 went down to the lake. He had told the people to go 
 to the shore without making any noise, and his wish was 
 complied with, as they were all eagerness to see the out- 
 come of his foolish idea. 
 
 "Zi-ca-ho-ta stepped quietly into his canoe, pushed it 
 gently from the shore, and kneeled with his paddle up- 
 lifted, waiting. There he remained for nearly an hour. 
 The people were getting uneasy, but followed his instruc- 
 tions and kept quiet. He had but three minutes left of 
 the time allotted, when suddenly a canoe darted out 
 from under the bank near the Sac camp and started down 
 the lake. Zi-ca-ho-ta waited until it was nearly opposite,
 
 PHANTOM OF PHANTOM LAKE. 85 
 
 then paddled out swiftly and intercepted it. There were 
 two figures in the canoe, but in the dim and uncertain 
 light they could not be recognized from the shore. The 
 people believed, however, that it contained Ho-ma-ba and 
 I-wo-so. 
 
 "Zi-ca-ho-ta, with a cry of exultation, leaped from his 
 canoe to that of his rival, with his 'mila' or hunting- 
 knife, in his hand, and grappled with the foremost figure. 
 A quick thrust with the keen mila, a death cry, and two 
 figures fastened together by the fatal clutch of death fell 
 over the side and disappeared. The figure in the stern 
 never moved throughout this terrible scene, but sat as 
 motionless as if carved out of stone. The people on the 
 bank had hardly caught their breath after this first great 
 tragedy, when a form raised out of the water behind the 
 canoe, took the young girl in its arms and dragged her 
 shrieking beneath the surface. The ripples died away, and 
 nothing was seen but the two empty canoes. The spell- 
 bound watchers gazed for a while stupefied, and then 
 went back to camp, muttering. 'The Mi-ni-wau-kan has 
 received his bride !' Those who had been skeptics became 
 believers. 
 
 "The next morning the Indians struck camp, and there 
 has never been an Indian encampmment on this lake since 
 that fatal night. I alone stayed, but soon moved from 
 there to this spot on the Fox river." 
 
 Thus ended the trapper's story. 
 
 At half past n on the night of September 2 of 
 every year a faint, ghostly light comes over the lake, 
 and this same tragedy is re-enacted. If any of you
 
 86 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 Phantoms ever happen to be in the vicinity on this date, 
 go to the lake and see for yourselves the fatal duel. Hear 
 the splash and witness the disappearance of the rival 
 lovers. See the Mi-ni-wau-kan, the water spirit, claim 
 the bride and hear the shriek of the Princess I-wo-so, and 
 judge for yourselves whether or not the little lake is not 
 rightly called Nagi, or Phantom lake. 
 
 I have seen all this and know whereof I speak.
 
 WAS SHAKESPEARE A LAWYER 
 OR A LAWYER SHAKES- 
 PEARE ? 
 
 By DeWitt Davis. 
 
 It is related of a prominent Southern gentleman of the 
 old school, of convivial habits, and distinguished for his 
 generous hospitality, that he was so peculiarly indulgent 
 to the humors of his guests, that he would permit almost 
 any liberty on their part, even to the extent of brooking a 
 personal affront, with cheerful equanimity ; but if any one 
 ventured to mention or discuss the tariff, he was forth- 
 with requested to leave the table, and thereafter was never 
 invited to partake of his hospitality. 
 
 If any of my listeners experience a similar shuddering 
 aversion at the mention of the somewhat hackneyed topic 
 relating to the authorship of Shakespeare's works, I trust 
 that he will not invoke a similar penalty, and that, for a 
 few minutes, he will exercise that forbearance which, 
 among Phantoms, is expected to supplant criticism, and 
 that patience which will find relief in the themes of those 
 who are to follow me. 
 
 There has always been a strong propensity in the hu- 
 man mind towards idolatry and hero-worship, and an in- 
 born disposition to enlarge the attributes of those exalted 
 objects which evoke its homage and adoration. And 
 it has never been an easy, nor often a pleasing task to 
 
 87
 
 88 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 attempt to dethrone a popular idol, whether enthroned 
 through a long ancestry of fahle and tradition among 
 Olympian divinities, or, in later times, wearing the regal 
 diadem of sovereignty, or the laurel crown of statecraft 
 or of authorship ; and perhaps it makes very little differ- 
 ence whether the original title to the coronet may have 
 been founded upon legitimate authority, or acquired 
 through a tacit and unopposed usurpation. But the time is 
 past when statutes of limitation were pleaded in 
 the jurisdiction of historical research, and unassail- 
 able titles acquired therein founded solely upon the 
 claims of prescription. Mr. Appleton Morgan, the author 
 of several books relating to Shakespeare, says : — "Since 
 "Shakespeare, grand as it is, is not Holy Writ, or the 
 "Koran, I respectfully submit that those questions, as to 
 "the authorship of Shakespeare, are dignified and respect- 
 "able, and entitled to the respectful consideration of 
 "students, whether their motive be instruction or mere 
 "curiosity." 
 
 Apparently very little, if anything, new upon this sub- 
 ject can be said in the way of instruction, which has not 
 already been written in the hundreds of volumes and 
 pamphlets wherein it has been discussed, and it is rather 
 in the direction of curiosity that this paper has been pre- 
 pared. 
 
 One hundred and fifty years after Shakespeare's death, 
 George Steevens, a well known commentator upon his 
 works, wrote: — "All that is known with any degree of 
 "certainty concerning Shakespeare is that he was born at 
 "Stratford-upon-Avon, married and had children there,
 
 WAS SHAKESPEARE A LAWYER. 89 
 
 "went to London, where he commenced actor, wrote 
 "poems and plays, returned to Stratford, made his will, 
 "died and was buried." The assiduous researches of 
 nearly a century and a half since have discovered little 
 more than this, but admiring- biographers have been busy 
 collating imaginary facts, and enlarging upon doubtful 
 traditions, to sketch a life of Shakespeare that would fitly 
 correspond with the assumption that he "zvrote poems 
 and plays," while others in recent years, with perhaps 
 more critical scrutiny, have been equally industrious in 
 endeavoring to prove that such assumption is unwar- 
 ranted, until the controversy as to the authorship of 
 Shakespeare has become the great literary puzzle of the 
 age. 
 
 There is no doubt, and no controversy among scholars 
 and literary critics, as to very many significant facts con- 
 cerning the author of the Shakespearean plays and poems. 
 It is conceded that he was a man of profound learning, and 
 extensive scholarship ; that he was versed in the Latin and 
 Greek languages ; that he wrote French grammatically, 
 if not idiomatically, correct ; that he was familiar with the 
 Italian language, founding several of his plays upon ob- 
 scure novels in that language of which there then existed 
 no English translations ; that he was acquainted with 
 ancient and modern history, with ancient mythology, with 
 the knowledge of scientific terms and theories, and with 
 the legends and untranslated literature of the North. 
 
 But it is in his thorough and accurate knowledge of 
 English law, of pleading and practice, and the correct use 
 of its maxims and technical phrases, that the author ex-
 
 90 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 hibits his greatest learning and his distinctive profes- 
 sional acquirements. Lord Chief Justice Campbell sum- 
 med up the evidence upon this question as follows: — 
 "I am amazed not only at the number of juridical phrases 
 "and forensic allusions, but by the accuracy and propriety 
 "with which they are uniformly introduced. While 
 "novelists and dramatists are constantly making mistakes 
 "as to the law of marriage, of wills, and inheritance, to 
 "Shakespeare's law, lavishly as he propounds it, there can 
 "neither be demurrer, nor bill of exceptions, nor writ of 
 "error." 
 
 Richard Grant White says : — "The technical language 
 "of the law runs from his pen as a part of his vocabulary, 
 "and parcel of his thought." 
 
 A more recent writer says : — "It is demonstrated that 
 "he was a ripe, learned, and profound lawyer, so saturated 
 "with precedent, that at once in his sublimest and sweetest 
 "flights he colors everything with legal dyes, sounding 
 "every depth and shoal of poetry in only the juridical 
 "key." 
 
 Some twenty years- ago the late Senator Davis of Min- 
 nesota, distinguished alike for his great ability as a lawyer 
 and statesman, and for his eminent literary acquirements, 
 published an interesting book, entitled "The Lazv of 
 Shakespeare," in which he quoted no less than 312 pas- 
 sages from Shakespeare's works, and indexed over 800 
 citations, where legal terms and phrases were em- 
 ployed. Among other apt and forcible comments, the 
 author says : — "The most abstruse elements of the com- 
 "mon law are impressed into a disciplined service with
 
 WAS SHAKESPEARE A LAWYER. 91 
 
 'every evidence of the right and knowledge of command- 
 ing. No legal solecisms will be found. Over and over 
 'again, where such knowledge is unexampled in writers 
 'unlearned in the law, Shakespeare appears in perfect 
 'possession of it. In the law of real property, its rules 
 'of tenures and descents, its entails, its fines and re- 
 'coveries, and their vouchers and double vouchers ; in the 
 'procedure of the courts, the methods of bringing suits, 
 'and of arrests, the nature of actions, the rules of plead- 
 'ing and the principles of evidence ; in the distinction be- 
 'tween temporal and spiritual tribunals ; in the law of 
 'attainder and forfeiture ; in the learning of the law of 
 'prerogative; in the inalienable character of the crown, — 
 'this mastership appears with surprising authority. * * * 
 'He exhausts the capacity of the terms he employs. He 
 'utters them at all times as standard coin, no matter when 
 'or in what mint stamped. * * * These emblems of his 
 'industry are woven into his style like the bees into the 
 'imperial purple of Napoleon's coronation robes." 
 
 Mr. Franklin Fisk Heard in a small volume upon the 
 same subject says : — "Authors do not use technical terms 
 "in the familiar way in which Shakespeare speaks of the 
 "law, unless the terms are really familiar to them by fre- 
 "quent use, and among these are some which few but a 
 "lawyer would, and some even which none but a lawyer 
 "could have written." 
 
 This statement finds support in nearly all of Shakes- 
 peare's plays and poems. Who but a lawyer would have 
 been familiar with the argument advanced in an old and 
 curious case, contained in one of Plowden's Reports, and
 
 92 PH AXIOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 paraphrased it into the "Crowner's quest law" of the two 
 clowns in Hamlet, or have conceived Hamlet's soliloquy 
 over the imagined skull of a lawyer? Who but one thor- 
 oughly versed in the technical phrases of the common law 
 and pleading would have written the following: — 
 
 "Mine eye and heart are at a mortal war 
 
 How to divide the conquest of thy sight : 
 Mine eye my heart thy picture's sight would bar, 
 
 My heart mine eye the freedom of that right. 
 My heart doth plead that thou in him doth lie — 
 
 A closet never pierced with crystal eyes — 
 But the defendant doth that plea deny 
 
 And says in him thy fair appearance lies. 
 To 'cide this title is impanneled 
 
 A quest of thoughts, all tenants to the heart, 
 And by their verdict is determined 
 
 The clear eyes' moiety and the dear heart's part." 
 
 It should be noticed that the writers and critics who 
 have discussed this peculiar branch of the author's learn- 
 ing have apparently overlooked, or ignored, the significant 
 fact that the law and its pleading and practice in Shakes- 
 peare's time was much more intricate, and more greatly 
 encumbered with foreign, technical, and abstruse phrases, 
 than at the present day, and with very many such which 
 have become known as "the recondite curiosities of the 
 law," from which modern jurisprudence is comparatively 
 free. No casual or superficial study of the law would 
 enable a writer to make a copious use of the technical 
 phrases of the law, now in common use, with continuous 
 accuracy and propriety. How far more difficult would it 
 have been in Shakespeare's time, for any one not profess- 
 edly a law student, or a practitioner at the bar, to have 
 acquired the facility for the proper use of legal terms, and
 
 WAS SHAKESPEARE A LAWYER. 93 
 
 a comprehensive knowledge of the law, often written in 
 law Latin, and law French, its processes, pleadings and 
 judgments padded with Latin quotations and abstruse 
 technicalities, with their nice distinctions prevailing in the 
 different Common law, Chancery, and ecclesiastical tri- 
 bunals, — when a thorough knowledge of the intricacies of 
 the law of real estate and pleading alone would have re- 
 quired years of studious application, and when such things 
 as Law Dictionaries and Digests were comparatively un- 
 known. 
 
 Had the author of Shakespeare's works not been bred 
 to the law, his facility in the use of technical phraseology 
 would unquestionably have been exhibited in other arts 
 and professions to an equal extent and with equal pre- 
 cision, but nowhere does such appear to be the fact, and 
 "in an age especially military, with wars by sea and land, 
 he displays little knowledge of military or naval tactics," 
 compared with his mastery of the law. 
 
 It was equally true in Shakespeare's time, as it has 
 
 continued to be since, that no author can readily conceal 
 
 the traces of his former pursuits, or divest his works of the 
 
 evidence of the predominant occupation of his faculties. 
 
 "Their nature is subdued 
 To what it works in, like the dyer's hand." 
 
 Byron and Burns wrote as experts in the passionate 
 domain of love ; Wordsworth of the beauty of rural scenes ; 
 Whittier of liberty and human rights. The works of 
 Sir Walter Scott disclose the evidence of his preparation 
 for the Bar. Anyone who ever heard Mr. Spurgeon, the 
 eminent London preacher, must at once have perceived
 
 94 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 that his great power, as a pulpit orator, was very largely 
 owing to his thorough knowledge of the Bible, and the 
 facility with which he quoted striking and familiar texts, 
 fitting them to the drift and setting of his discourse with 
 as perfect a shading as the polished mosaics in a portrait 
 or a painting. The most convincing argument to prove 
 that Sir Philip Francis wrote the letters of Junius was 
 that he had been employed in the war office, and was 
 familiar with the conditions he criticized or censured. 
 
 The most eminent of recent English biologists has 
 said that in every path of natural science he has, at some 
 stage of his career, come across a barrier labeled, "No 
 thoroughfare. Moses." 
 
 The two principal barriers, somewhat Mosaic in their 
 character, which the partisans of Shakespeare have erected 
 to protect his crown of authorship, are ''Genius" and 
 "Prescription." Senator Davis, from whom quotations 
 have been made, an orthodox believer in Shakespeare, 
 as the author, but who seems to have collated some of the 
 strongest evidence to disprove such a belief, furnishes 
 this key to the solution of the question which naturally 
 arises — Whence comes this matchless learning, this ac- 
 curate and thorough professional knowledge? He says 
 that "to learn must have been easy to this man, whose 
 "mental endowments were so universal that the best in- 
 "tellects of after times have vainly attempted to ad- 
 measure them." But this explanation seems to be what, 
 in popular language, is called "begging the question," and 
 solving it only by an appeal to the inspiration of genius, 
 making the name of Shakespeare a sort of divine pseudo-
 
 WAS SHAKESPEARE A LAWYER. 95 
 
 nym, and erecting an apotheosis which excludes any com- 
 parative record of human experience. The poet is said 
 to be born, but not the orator or the scholar. Professional 
 learning, or the knowledge of foreign languages, has never 
 yet come through plenary inspiration, and there has never 
 been any divine impartation of knowledge, except to 
 Him who shared the attributes of Divinity itself. 
 
 Ever since the fatal attempt in the Garden of Eden to 
 acquire knowledge supernaturally, all human experience 
 has proved that it comes to mortals only through the un- 
 inspired genius of work, of study and persistent applica- 
 tion. Genius may speculate in fundamental truths, or 
 give expression to the infinitude of human emotions or 
 aspirations, but it cannot impart a knowledge of particular 
 facts or the accurate use of a professional terminology. 
 
 Shakespeare was born shortly after the dawn of the 
 renaissance of English learning and literature, but learn- 
 ing at that time was chiefly confined to the Universities 
 and to a privileged few in some of the metropolitan cities. 
 Dense ignorance prevailed throughout the smaller towns 
 and rural districts. It is recorded that recruits for the 
 army from one county or district could scarcely under- 
 stand the dialect of those from another part of the coun- 
 try, and that the provincial speech of a member of Parlia- 
 ment indicated very clearly the district he represented. It 
 was half a century before stage coaches commenced run- 
 ning and there was little communication between different 
 parts of the kingdom. When Shakespeare was born only 
 six of the nineteen aldermen of Stratford could write 
 their names. His parents, his brothers, and nearly all of
 
 96 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 his relatives, signed their names with a cross. He never 
 became sufficiently interested in education to have his 
 own children taught to read and write, and his favorite 
 daughter signed her marriage bond with a cross. There 
 were probably not half a dozen books in Stratford besides 
 the Bible and a few elementary school books. 
 
 Very little attention was paid to the English language, 
 in the schools of that day, and the first English grammar 
 was not published until after Shakespeare had finished 
 his education, if anything can be called "finished" that 
 was scarcely ever begun. It is presumed that he attended 
 the Stratford school, although there is no proof of the fact. 
 Its curriculum was restricted mainly to the catechism and 
 some elementary studies in Latin and Greek. If writing 
 and spelling were taught he must have been an inapt 
 scholar, for in the five only different signatures in ex- 
 istence, satisfactorily known to have been made by him, 
 he spelled his name in three different ways, and in the 
 handwriting, each is a scrawl, differing from the others, 
 and resembling a series of disjointed curleycues, or the 
 tentative efforts of a six-year-old school boy. These 
 verified specimens and the erasures and interlineations 
 contained in his will in no wise correspond with the state- 
 ment of Ben Jonson that "he was often told by the play- 
 ers that whatsoever the author of the plays penned he 
 never blotted out or erased a line," nor with the attesta- 
 tion of the editors of the First Folio that "what he thought 
 "he uttered with that easiness that we have scarce re- 
 ceived a blot in his papers."
 
 WAS SHAKESPEARE A LAWYER. 97 
 
 Shakespeare was deprived of further education, even 
 in such a school as this, when he was some 13 or 14 years 
 of age, his father's misadventures in business requiring his 
 assistance in the support of the family. At the age of 18 
 he married a damsel eight years his senior, and six months 
 afterwards became a father. There is no anecdote or 
 tradition that he exhibited any predilection to study dur- 
 ing his youth, or that he showed any signs of latent 
 genius, except the one first related by Aubrey some fifty 
 years after his death, that "he exercised his father's trade 
 "as a butcher, and when he killed a calf he would make a 
 "speech over its remains." There are other traditions con- 
 nected with his youth less to his credit than this. But 
 traditions are often unreliable and of little consequence ; 
 they are the parasites of history, but often cling to its 
 pages with the tenacity of established facts. 
 
 Whether Shakespeare left Stratford, at the age of 
 some twenty or twenty-two years, to avoid the conse- 
 quences of his too frequent incursions upon the domain of 
 Sir Thomas Lucy's deer park, or whether he left, as many 
 a lad has since, — 
 
 "Yearning for the large excitement that the coming years would 
 yield. ' ' 
 
 — is perhaps immaterial to our question. He found em- 
 ployment at a theater, in a menial capacity, became an 
 actor, and after a few years part proprietor and manager 
 of two theaters, accumulated considerable wealth by his 
 energy and thrift, sufficient to enable him to retire after 
 some twenty years and become a landed proprietor at 
 Stratford.
 
 98 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 At the time of his advent in London there were no 
 circulating libraries, no libraries accessible to the general 
 public of any kind, in fact ; no magazines, reviews or news- 
 papers. The less recent biographers of Shakespeare, to 
 account for his extensive law learning, have suggested 
 that he must at some time have been a lawyer's clerk or 
 apprentice. Justice Campbell, in reply to an inquiry upon 
 this question as to his own belief, said: "In such case, it 
 "might have been reasonably expected that there would 
 "have been deeds or wills witnessed by him still extant, 
 "and after a very diligent search none such have been 
 "discovered." Mr. White, a strenuous believer in the 
 Shakespeare authorship, as well as one of his most learned 
 critics, says that "the idea of his having been clerk to an 
 "attorney has been blown to pieces." 
 
 Another eminent writer says: — "There were traditions 
 ''that Shakespeare had been apprenticed to> a butcher, but 
 "of Shakespeare as an attorney or an attorney's ap- 
 prentice, there were no traditions anywhere among the 
 "plenitude of those unearthed by the microscopic search of 
 "two centuries." 
 
 It has also been suggested that he picked up his knowl- 
 edge of law by visiting the courts, and listening to the 
 lawyers in the trial of causes. If such a suggestion were 
 not too absurd to require consideration, its disproof could 
 easily be found in the fact that the author uses this legal 
 phraseology just as fully and with as exact a knowledge 
 in the early plays, written shortly after he came to Lon- 
 don, as are displayed in his later works.
 
 WAS SHAKESPEARE A LAWYER. 99 
 
 Thrift in business has rarely ever been allied to the 
 habits of scholarship. There have been many instances 
 where men of cultivated tastes, holding sinecure or sal- 
 aried positions, or engaged in other business, have 
 achieved literary success, but there is no other recorded or 
 alleged instance in the history of the world's literature 
 where an unlettered man, engaged in confining and ad- 
 venturous business, has had the inclination and found the 
 time to produce a literary masterpiece, and at the same 
 time, within the period of five or six years, acquire, under 
 the most inadequate opportunities, the learning that is 
 exhibited in one of Shakespeare's plays. In the records 
 of literature there is no parallel case, and such a claim has 
 been fitly styled "a climax of reckless guess-work and 
 "absurd suggestion." 
 
 An eminent text writer on the law of evidence says : 
 "When each of a number of independent circumstances, or 
 "combination of circumstances, tends to the same conelu- 
 "sion, the probability of the truth of the fact is necessarily 
 "greatly increased in proportion to the number of those 
 "independent circumstances." Aside from the "Genius" 
 theory almost the sole independent or collateral circum- 
 stance relied upon to sustain the claim that Shakespeare 
 was the author of the poems and plays bearing his name 
 is the fact that during his lifetime a portion of the plays 
 and the poems were published under his accredited author- 
 ship, — an authorship which he neither ever publicly ad- 
 mitted or denied, — and which with certain additional plays 
 have since continued to be published as the product of 
 his fertile brain ; and to assail this apparent stronghold of
 
 100 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 prescriptive rights is always looked upon by his partisans 
 with disapproving apprehension. But the publication of a 
 poem or a book, bearing on its title page the name of its 
 purported author, would not have borne in Shakespeare's 
 time the same prima facie evidence of authorship as it 
 would at the present time. The law protecting an author's 
 rights in the products of his pen was then very inefficient. 
 Authors frequently sold their productions to printers or 
 publishers, who appear to have taken the privilege of alter- 
 ing or abridging them, or of affixing to them any name 
 as author which they deemed might increase the sale of 
 the same. The Stationers' Company, under a charter 
 from the crown, had the right of receiving and register- 
 ing papers and books in the name of the proprietor, after 
 which it was intended it should be illegal for any one else 
 to publish them. "Many of the Shakespeare plays were 
 so registered, but none of them by him, or by any one on 
 his account, but by persons between whom and himself 
 no connection has been shown to exist." 
 
 Some eight or ten years after Shakespeare's arrival in 
 London one Jaggard printed a collection of poems by 
 various known and unknown writers, called "The Pas- 
 sionate Pilgrim," with Shakespeare's name as the author. 
 
 It contained fragments of verse by Hey wood, Mar- 
 lowe, Griffin and others. Heywood recognized his own 
 poems and protested against the manner of the publica- 
 tion, "but they continued to travel under Shakespeare's 
 name for fourteen years" until his name was removed 
 upon the publication of the 3d edition ; and, as Mr. White
 
 WAS SHAKESPEARE A LAWYER. 101 
 
 says, "there is no evidence that any public protest or de- 
 nial on Shakespeare's part ever existed." 
 
 During Shakespeare's life time in London there were 
 published and assigned to him no less than fourteen dif- 
 ferent plays, some of which were produced at his own 
 theater, and none of which he ever wrote, or repudiated, 
 and most of which are now contained among the works 
 of his distinguished contemporaries. The author of "De- 
 throning Shakespeare" says that "nine of the thirty- 
 "seven Shakespeare plays were never heard of until he 
 "had been dead seven years, when they were published 
 "in the Folio of 1623, with emendations by a master hand. 
 "Eighteen had never been printed before, and four so ar- 
 ranged and developed as to be practically new. 'Titus 
 "Andronicus/ 'Romeo and Juliet,' 'Richard II.,' 'Richard 
 "III.," the first part of 'Henry IV.,' the second and third 
 "parts of 'Henry VI. / were originally brought out with- 
 "out any author's name at all on the title page. Several 
 "editions of the poems, and certain of the plays were pub- 
 lished before 1616 (the year of Shakespeare's death), 
 
 "twenty-seven of which had no author's name on the title 
 
 <i„ >} 
 
 page. 
 
 It would be difficult to find a great author who has not 
 at some time written lovingly of the haunts of his boy- 
 hood, and sketched in song or story the graphic picture of 
 his early home. The author of the brilliant article upon 
 Shakespeare in the Encyclopedia Britannica, "written with 
 the graces of a poem, and the infidelities of a romance," 
 speaking of Shakespeare's return to Stratford, says: 
 "He had loved the country with ardent enthusiasm in his
 
 102 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 "youth, when all nature was lighted with the dawn of ris- 
 "ing passion and kindled imagination." Yet nowhere in 
 his voluminous works is the name of "Stratford" men- 
 tioned, while it is a significant fact that "St. Albans," the 
 home of Bacon, is said to be mentioned no less than twen- 
 ty-three times. In 1596 when poems and plays were being 
 published under his name, Shakespeare experienced prob- 
 ably the greatest sorrow of his life in the loss of his only 
 son Hamnet, then nearly 12 years old. At a date not far 
 remote Ben Jonson, who is said to have been of a more 
 rugged nature than "the gentle Shakespeare," experienced 
 a similar bereavement and "mourned in sweet and saddest 
 verse" the death of his darling boy. Burns addressed his 
 sweetest song to "Mary in Heaven," and Tennyson wrote 
 his most finished poem in memoriam of the friend of his 
 youth. Yet Shakespeare, who could touch with a master's 
 hand every note upon the lyre of pathos or tragedy, and 
 who, we are told, unveiled in his sonnets the innermost 
 sentiments of his heart, made no call upon his muse for 
 relief or expression, and this "sorrow's crown of sorrow" 
 remained unsung. If the Shakespeare of Stratford was 
 the Shakepeare of the plays, the record of his life in Lon- 
 don was parenthetical in character, and incompatible with 
 the history of his life in Stratford. He goes up to Lon- 
 don from a bookless neighborhood, uncouth and illiterate, 
 speaking the Warwickshire dialect, with a limited vocabu- 
 lary, and shortly afterwards there appears a poem with his 
 name upon the title page as author, written in the purest 
 and most refined English, based upon a classical allegory, 
 prefaced with a quotation from Ovid, and not containing
 
 WAS SHAKESPEARE A LAWYER. 103 
 
 one word of his native dialect ; and this is followed by- 
 dramas exhibiting scholarship which would ordinarily 
 demand a lifetime to acquire, and which still live among 
 the most illustrious of "the immortal children of genius 
 and learning." After some twenty years he returns to 
 Stratford, the same William Shakespeare of former days, 
 skilled indeed in the ways of money making, possesssed, 
 perhaps, of some of that polish of manners, worldly wis- 
 dom and bonhomie which come from the contact with 
 frequenters of the theaters, and possibly of the clubs, but 
 still unlettered and unlearned, and engages in the prosaic 
 occupation of a grain dealer, maltster and money lender. 
 Charles the V. abdicated the throne of the greatest empire 
 of the world, but he carried with him into his cloistral re- 
 treat some of the evidences of his imperial character and 
 history. Shakespeare, enthroned as "the monarch of the 
 world's literature," abandoned his stately eminence, but 
 he carried with him to his Warwickshire grange not one 
 of the princely graces of genius or learning. If, as the 
 editors of the Folio state, "what he thought he uttered 
 "with that easiness that we have scarce received a blot in 
 "his papers," is it not surprising that "the microscopic 
 search of two centuries" has not discovered some business 
 letter, some letter to a literary friend, some play, or poem, 
 or sonnet, or verse, or line, known to have been written 
 by him during the eight years of his life after returning 
 to Stratford? What author of ancient or modern times, 
 having achieved distinction in the literary world, or felt 
 the pleasing thrill of authorship, has ever, at the age of 
 forty-four years, smothered the children of his productive
 
 104 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 brain, and laid aside his pen, and never afterwards written 
 
 a single line either for recreation or pecuniary reward? 
 
 If he was the genius it is claimed, it was not because he 
 
 did not appreciate the worth of his own productions, since 
 
 in one of his sonnets he had written : 
 
 "Not marble, nor the gilded monuments 
 
 "Of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme; 
 
 "But you shall shine more bright in these contents 
 
 "Than unswept stone besmeared with sluttish time. 
 
 "When wasteful war shall statutes overturn, 
 
 "And broils root out the work of masonry, 
 
 "Nor Mars his sword, nor war's quick fire shall burn 
 
 "The living record of your memory." 
 
 During this parenthetical or London period of his life 
 Shakespeare sketched, in stately verse, the portraits of 
 several female characters, which, for graceful charm and 
 beauty, are unmatched by artist's brush or poet's pen. 
 The only tribute he appears to have rendered to woman 
 after his return to Stratford was to bequeath in his will 
 to the wife of his youth his "second best bed." He made 
 no mention in his will of any literary property, nor of any 
 book, nor copy of his own books, nor of any manuscript, 
 though the dramas of "Macbeth," "The Tempest," "Julius 
 Caesar" and several others were at that time unpublished. 
 
 A recent writer, speaking of the supernatural in 
 Shakespeare, says that "Shakespeare himself is the most 
 supernatural thing in Shakespeare." That this extensive 
 learning, this "boundless fertility and labored condensa- 
 tion of thought" should have come to him, while caged in 
 the box office of the Globe or Blackfriars Theater, as song 
 comes to the bird, can seemingly be explained only upon 
 the supposition that a miracle was enacted in the realm
 
 WAS SHAKESPEARE A LAWYER. 105 
 
 of literature during the close of the 16th century no less 
 astonishing than when Minerva sprang "full armed from 
 the head of Jove," miraculously endowed with super- 
 natural wisdom to become the counselor of gods and men. 
 
 In a recently published volume, written in the form of 
 a charge to a jury, and entitled "A Judicial Summing Up," 
 upon the Shakespeare-Bacon controversy, by Lord Pen- 
 zance, who for many years was a distinguished English 
 jurist, reference is made to these dual characteristics as 
 exhibited in his Stratford and London life as follows : 
 
 "What a miracle then is this that the defendants would 
 "present to us. The butcher's apprentice transformed at 
 "short notice into the philosopher and poet. Why, it is al- 
 "mO'St contrary to nature. Well, to be sure, the grub 
 "turns into the butterfly, and is not long about it, but who- 
 mever heard of the butterfly turning back again into the 
 "grub? Yet nothing less than this is offered to our be- 
 lief. From the moment he got back to Stratford he 
 "dropped his butterfly wings — tilling his own land, wholly 
 "occupied in the making and selling of malt, and other 
 "agricultural pursuits. If it was difficult to believe in 
 "William Shakespeare's transformation, it is harder still 
 "to give credit to his relapse." 
 
 The time allowed me precludes any attempt to allude 
 to the proofs concerning the real author, or authors, of the 
 Shakespeare works. That is perhaps a subordinate ques- 
 tion to the one here discussed, and would require the in- 
 dulgence of another paper. The known facts of his life 
 and character, the conditions of literary production, the 
 internal evidence of the poems and plays themselves, seem
 
 106 PH AXIOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 to form a structure of circumstantial proof, not easily 
 shaken, that Shakespeare was neither a lawyer nor an 
 author, and the complement of such evidence that another 
 was the real author is doubtless as strong- as that Shakes- 
 peare was not ; and should the question ever be submitted 
 to an unbiased tribunal for decision, Shakespeare unques- 
 tionably, as a plaintiff, would be non-suited, or, as the 
 defendant, be dispossessed of his crown of authorship. 
 But whether it should be confirmed in Shakespeare, or 
 awarded to Bacon, or wholly or in part to other distin- 
 guished dramatists of the Shakespearean era, the decree 
 would in no way detract from the sublimity of the works 
 themselves, as it makes little difference to the world 
 whether they are the product of one mind, or 
 
 "Of minds so various that they seem to be 
 Not one but all mankind's epitome." 
 
 They will remain through the ages as the most mar- 
 velous product of the genius of human thought and ex- 
 pression. If, as has been suggested, the traditional peb- 
 bles in the mouth of Demosthenes were passages frorh the 
 Greek classics, declaimed by the Athenian orator to the 
 surging waves by "the shores of the far sounding sea," 
 passages from Shakespeare are as jewels in comparison. 
 So long as language shall be spoken by cultivated races of 
 men they will mould the thought and shape the diction of 
 authors, poets and orators ; and as dramas upon the stage 
 they will command the enduring distinction of always pre- 
 senting the author as greater than the actor. In alluding 
 to this quality and to the inefficiency of any actor to fix 
 attention upon himself while uttering Shakespeare's
 
 WAS SHAKESPEARE A LA WYER. 1 07 
 
 words, Emerson, in what Mr. E. P. Whipple pronounced 
 to be the best prose sentence ever written on this side of 
 the Atlantic, says : "The recitation begins, one golden 
 "word leaps out immortal from all this painted pedantry 
 "and szvectly torments as with invitations to its own in- 
 " accessible homes."
 
 ONE OF THE MARVELS OF CRE- 
 ATION. 
 
 By Gerry W. Hazelton. 
 
 In the art galleries of Amsterdam and Rotterdam one 
 finds a surprisingly large number of portraits, both indi- 
 vidual and in groups ; not of distinguished persons par- 
 ticularly, but of the common burghers, men of local promi- 
 nence, officials of municipal governments, in cities where 
 such positions can be held without dishonor. The faces 
 are strongly marked by national characteristics — large, 
 rubicund, good-natured, but showing the intelligence and 
 strength and poise of a governing race. They are faces 
 which win your confidence at sight. It is a pleasure to 
 study them, and to note how obviously they illustrate and 
 corroborate historic data. They explain the place the 
 nation has won for itself in the development and progress 
 of Christian civilization. But one cannot fail to perceive 
 that while these faces have much in common, each has its 
 own individuality. 
 
 And this suggests the almost incomprehensible fact 
 that, of all the countless millions of human faces created 
 in the tide of time, no two have been or are alike ; con- 
 structed upon the same model, after the same general 
 plan, yet each distinct and readily distinguishable from all 
 the others. In some instances, it is true, the family like- 
 
 109
 
 110 PHAXTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 ness may be striking - , the child may resemble father or 
 mother, or in some particulars a combination of both ; or 
 the family group as a whole may display marked family 
 characteristics ; but to the intelligent observer each face 
 has an individuality of its own. 
 
 But at the same time it is due to say that remarkable 
 examples of resemblance between persons who bear no 
 family relation are frequently seen. We meet persons on 
 the street, and in our travels, who remind us instantly 
 of some one we know. Many a man has his double. 
 The brilliant Chauncey has his. The late General Logan 
 had his, who assured me in the most comforting wax- 
 that scores of people had made the same mistake I made, 
 many of them well acquainted with both the general and 
 himself. Criminal statistics furnish many surprising in- 
 stances of confusion of faces, — carried even to the extent 
 of conviction and punishment. I dare say each of us 
 could contribute to a chapter on the subject of mistaken 
 identity. I was myself once mistaken for an eminent 
 divine ; but as the car im which it happened was not very 
 brilliantly lighted, and the only person who had the right 
 to complain was not present, nothing serious ever came 
 of it. 
 
 One of Mr. Hale's most amusing stories bears the 
 title, "My Double and How He Undid Me." Everything 
 went on very smoothly till the young clergyman's double 
 was unexpectedly called upon to address the waiting 
 audience in a case where the published speakers failed to 
 respond. The audience became impatient and the double, 
 who had been required to memorize two short speeches,
 
 A MARVEL OF CREATION. 1 1 1 
 
 having been literally forced to the front, shouted: "I 
 agree with the gentleman on the other side of the hall !" 
 and when, in response to an uproarious encore, he was 
 forced to deliver the second of his speeches, he shouted 
 again: "So much has already been said, and on the 
 whole so well said, that I shall not detain you with any 
 further remarks." This was too much; the double was 
 glad to beat a precipitate retreat from the stage, and to 
 escape from the building by a side door; and the next 
 morning the clergyman's residence was vacant, and his 
 people never saw him after. 
 
 But in all these cases the illusion would have been dis- 
 pelled could the parties have been seen side by side. 
 
 It is one of the most interesting and remarkable facts 
 of which we have knowledge that the face should bear 
 such relation to the mind as to mirror every emotion and 
 interpret every important experience. It is true, the 
 great Poet says : "There is no art to read the mind's con- 
 struction in the face;" but in another place he says: 
 "Your face, my thane, is as a book where men may read 
 strange matters." "That same face of yours," says Colley 
 Cibber, "looks like the title-page to a whole volume of 
 roguery." "The countenance." says Mathews, "may be 
 rightly defined as the title-page which heralds the contents 
 of the human volume." 
 
 There are faces so stolid as scarcely to indicate any 
 relation to a resident intelligence ; there are agreeable 
 faces which conceal badness ; there are Jekylls which 
 mask a Air. Hyde ; but these are the exceptions. In every 
 normal and healthy organization, the electric current be-
 
 112 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 tween emotion and expression is unmistakable, and r \ - 
 true. 
 
 Some one has said that man is the only animal that 
 laughs, but laughter is only a mode of expressing emo- 
 tion. The mind laughed first, the face responded. Scorn, 
 contempt, disgust, are as sure to find utterance in the face 
 as the growing grain to answer to the summer wind. 
 You sit at the dinner table with your guests. Mirth and 
 happiness rule the hour, while jokes, possibly more an- 
 cient than the ale, go round. Every face is beaming. 
 Suddenly a messenger is announced. Some well known 
 friend has met with a dangerous accident. The expres- 
 sion on every face instantly changes. Sorrow, sympathy, 
 regret have taken possession. The shock to sensibi! 
 has found expression in every countenance. 
 
 Can any one mistake the emotions of happiness, mirth, 
 joy, affection, for their opposites, as reflected in the coun- 
 tenance? If it be true that the cynic, the misanthrope, the 
 grumbler, the clown, the animal, cannot wholly conceal 
 his identity, it is pleasant and inspiring to reflect that the 
 face responds quite as distinctly to the dominance of a 
 praiseworthy life and ennobling sentiments. 
 
 Even the mimicry of the stage is suggestive. The face 
 of Joe Jefferson in the Rivals, when Billy Florence as 
 ''Sir Lucius" was trying to inspire him with courage for 
 the field of honor, was a picture never to be forgotten. 
 In fact, the absolute lack of courage was not only ap- 
 parent in the face, but in every part of his anatomy. 
 
 When Emerson, whose versatile and cultured mind 
 had partially given way, and whose memory had become
 
 A MARVEL OF CREATION. 113 
 
 a blank, was taken to the funeral service of Longfellow, 
 
 whom he had known so well, he was among the last to 
 
 take a farewell look at the face of his much-loved friend. 
 
 He remained beside the casket for some minutes, as if 
 
 struggling to recall some halting, faltering recollection, 
 
 till he was taken away. It was a pathetic scene, which 
 
 caused many eyes to moisten. On the way home, he 
 
 said to his companion: "That was a beautiful face, but 
 
 I cannot remember where I have seen it." Doubtless the 
 
 face warranted the comment, and doubtless the face was 
 
 the sequence of the life. And here, among the trees and 
 
 flowers and birds, on this ideal summer day, may we 
 
 not pause for a moment and indulge the harmless fancy 
 
 that the gifted singer, whose face Emerson could not 
 
 recall, saw in prophetic vision a picture like this before 
 
 us, when he wrote : 
 
 "Through every fibre of my brain, 
 Through every nerve, through every vein, 
 I feel the electric thrill, the touch 
 Of Life that seems almost too much. 
 
 "I hear the wind among the trees 
 Playing celestial harmonies, 
 I see the branches downward bent, 
 Like keys of some great instrument. 
 
 "And over me unrolls on high 
 The splendid scenery of the sky, 
 Where, through a sapphire sea, the sun 
 Sails like a golden galleon." 
 
 The human face is moreover, one of the few things 
 of which we never grow tired. Indeed it becomes more 
 engaging and attractive on acquaintance, if the individual 
 interest us. We tire of paintings, and statuary and the
 
 1 14 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 choicest works of art. That is to say, our sense of pleas- 
 ure becomes satiated after a time, and we turn away. The 
 visitor at the Louvre, after a few hours spent in one or 
 two of the departments, finds his power of admiration re- 
 laxed, and voluntarily retires from the enchanting feast, 
 till his exhausted nerves have had time to rest and re- 
 cuperate. 
 
 But one does not grow tired of the face. The type, 
 the endless variety, the peculiarities of structure and ex- 
 pression, never fail to awaken interest. In the family, in 
 society, in business, this fact finds constant illustration. 
 The public speaker draws inspiration from the sea of 
 upturned faces — they never tire him. It is unthinkable 
 that an audience should face the exit instead of the plat- 
 form — at least when the speaker begins ! 
 
 One of the most delightful pictures one ever sees is 
 the faces of a group of wholesome, happy children. The 
 person whose sensibilities are not touched by such a 
 picture is hopelessly bad. 
 
 Some years since, in going from the English Lakes to 
 Edinburgh, I stopped on the way to visit Melrose Abbey, 
 a picturesque ruin visited by thousands of travelers 
 every summer. I found here, among other articles on 
 sale, a picture of Sir Walter, the great Wizard of the 
 North, representing him as he looked when a young man 
 perhaps thirty years of age. It was a face of rare beauty, 
 combining intellectual strength with marked delicacy, re- 
 finement and sweetness of expression. It furnished an 
 explanation of the marvellous social and personal at- 
 tractiveness which gave him such a following in Scot-
 
 A MARVEL OF CREATION. 1 1 5 
 
 land and elsewhere. It was a face to excite admiration 
 and love. 
 
 At Abbotsford, in the same vicinity, I saw a bust of 
 the same individual made from a death mask, which was 
 without exception the saddest face I ever saw. It looked 
 like the incarnation of a sob. It was difficult to think of 
 these counterfeit presentments as belonging to the same 
 person. One represented a soul beaming with happiness 
 and hope ; the other a soul under the weight of domestic 
 sorrow and financial trials which sent him broken-hearted 
 to his grave. Possibly a less sensitive nature might have 
 met adversity and affliction with greater fortitude ; but it is 
 to be observed that a less sensitive nature might not have 
 produced the charming pages over which the world 
 loves to linger. 
 
 The face is the prime factor in all our social relations. 
 It is the facile servant of the mind. It is the throne of 
 intelligence ; the medium of fellowship. By it we are 
 identified. By it we are remembered. Through it the 
 soul shines. It is the face which saddens when we part, 
 and gladdens when we meet. The picture we carry in our 
 thought when some loved friend is absent is not of the 
 figure, however comely, but of the face. It is the face 
 which is lighted up with a smile and hallowed by a tear. 
 
 Do these faces, which bear such intimate, such subtle 
 relations to the soul, these faces which we cherish and 
 love, go out one by one, and lose themselves in the bound- 
 less ocean of oblivion? Let us think otherwise. Let us 
 hope, at least, that "some day, some time, our eyes shall 
 see the faces kept in memory."
 
 116 PH AXIOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 The eighteenth century, it is said, produced more dis- 
 tinctively great men than any other in history. It gave 
 the world a Burke, a Fox, a Pitt, a Grattan, a Welling- 
 ton, a Humboldt, a Napoleon, on the other side ; and 
 Washington, Franklin, Hamilton, Jefferson, Marshall and 
 Webster on this. What a group of faces, could they be 
 seen together ! 
 
 The artist who devotes his talent to caricaturing the 
 human countenance — one of the distinct marvels of crea- 
 tion — should be consigned to a place of his own. He 
 has no claim whatever to rank with artists who work out 
 their designs without malice and without indifference to 
 the feelings of others. The distance between the yellow 
 journal artist and a Hogarth or a Whistler who has con- 
 tributed to the genuine happiness of mankind is too great 
 for measurement. 
 
 The habit Thackeray had of decorating his private 
 correspondence with pen pictures of imaginary faces has 
 always interested his admirers. It is delightful to think 
 of this great master of Romance diverting himself with 
 these amusing drolleries. It brings him nearer to us, and 
 we can easily fancy a smile on his own face as he glanced 
 at the products of his pen, never thinking they would 
 be lovingly preserved and cherished through the cen- 
 turies, simply because they came from the same hand 
 which wrote "Henry Esmond" and "Vanity Fair." 
 
 The genius who discovered a method of making sun- 
 pictures was a greater benefactor than he knew. The 
 sun is a faithful artist ; and the best of it is, he is the 
 servant of the common people. He produces the truest
 
 A MARVEL OF CREATION. 1 1 7 
 
 pictures at the smallest cost. I venture to affirm there is 
 not a gentleman present who could not find, in some dark 
 closet or some old drawer, a basketful of these pictures, 
 taken at every stage of development from callow youth 
 to mature age. I fancy. I can guess when the first one 
 was obtained ; it was after you had "spoken your piece" 
 at the district school examination, and the folks at home 
 had got the impression that a second Daniel had come 
 to judgment, and gave you a dollar to pay for a daguerre- 
 otype ! You may have spoken to larger audiences and 
 on more august occasions since, or you may have won 
 fame and wealth and success in your varied callings ; 
 but you have never been prouder or happier than on that 
 occasion ! 
 
 "Ah happy years ! Once more who would not be a boy !" 
 
 But one cannot help regretting that the discovery of 
 sun-pictures had not come a few centuries earlier, that 
 we might have the satisfaction of looking at the faces 
 of our remote ancestors ! It might make us laugh or 
 grieve. All the same I am sure we would like to know 
 how our great-great-great-grandmothers looked ! Ob- 
 viously we never shall. But there is one face not so dis- 
 tantly related, which is indelibly pictured on the walls of 
 memory. It is the most interesting face and the dearest 
 we have ever known. It is interwoven like a golden 
 strand with all the events and scenes and memories of 
 early life. It is associated with unwearied devotion and 
 solicitude and with love which knew no limitations. It 
 is, moreover, linked with precepts of wisdom and duty
 
 1 18 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 which have exerted an influence on character and on life. 
 Each of us can see that face, as I read these lines, lighted 
 up with the same kindly smile that was so familiar in the 
 long ago ! And under its spell are we not ready to affirm 
 that, as of old, so now, the holiest thing on earth, and 
 the sweetest, is love?
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Mukwonago, Wis., Oct. 26, 1894. 
 John R. Goodrich, Esq. 
 
 My Dear Sir : Thanks for the papers you so kindly sent 
 me, giving a pleasant sketch of your outing trip to Waukesha, 
 Phantom Lake and "Pottawatamie," when you were so kind 
 as to give me so pleasant and agreeable a visit, only too short. 
 I hope we may live to have it repeated next year. "So mote 
 it be!" 
 
 In haste, Yours truly. 
 
 John F. Potter. 
 
 II. 
 
 East Troy, Wis., Sept. 26, 1895. 
 John R. Goodrich, Esq. 
 
 My Dear Sir : Tour very kind letter of the 24th, inviting 
 myself and daughters, in behalf of the Phantom Club, to visit 
 Milwaukee, and to be present at a dinner of the Club on the 
 1st or 2nd of October, came to hand yesterday. I need not 
 say that, were it possible, it would give me very great pleasure 
 to again meet my friends of the Club on that occasion. But 
 it is physically impossible. I am scarcely able to get out of 
 doors now, and am more feeble than I have ever been before. 
 I have been able to ride out but once the past summer, and 
 then only for a mile or two. Thanking you with all my 
 heart for your kind invitation, and with much regret that I 
 cannot accept it, I am very gratefully, 
 
 Tours, John F. Potter.
 
 120 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 in. 
 
 East Troy, Wis., May 17, 1896. 
 Messrs. John R. Goodrich, John Johnston, and the Members of 
 
 l lie Phantom Club: 
 
 Though under the necessity of using a pencil, which ray 
 present inconvenient limitations impose, I cannot refrain from 
 acknowledging, even if in a few words, your most kind and 
 generous remembrance of me on my seventy-ninth birthday. 
 
 I thank you with a full heart for the beautiful offering of 
 magnificent roses which came with your expression of kindly 
 regard. To each one of the members of 'the club I give my 
 most hearty and sincere thanks, and assure them that nothing 
 could have been more grateful to my feelings in my old age 
 than this token of your kindness. 
 
 Most sincerely and gratefully yours. 
 
 John F. Potter. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Milwaukee, May 11, 1897. 
 
 "We have known times call loudly enough for their great 
 man," says Carlyle, "but not find him when they called ; he 
 was not there; Providence had not sent him; the time, calling 
 its loudest, had to go down in confusion and wreck, because he 
 would not come when called." 
 
 In our own country, more than a generation ago, there was 
 a time which called for leaders, and, thank God ! they came. 
 They were heroes, who risked fortune and life in valiant battle 
 for the right. They vanquished arrogant Wrong, and they 
 reconstructed our political institutions upon the broad basis 
 of absolute justice and universal human freedom. 
 
 One of those leaders, whom Wisconsin is proud to claim as 
 especially her own, survives to-day. and the members of the
 
 APPENDIX. 1 2 1 
 
 Phantom Club, delighting to do him honor, beg that John Fox 
 Potter will accept congratulations and the accompanying flow- 
 ers on the occasion of his eightieth birthday. 
 
 John R. Goodrich, 
 In behalf of the members of the Phantom Club. 
 To Hon. John Fox Potter, Pottawattamie Manor. Mukwonago. 
 
 East Troy, Wis., May 13, 1897. 
 John R. Goodrich, Esq., President of the Phantom Club. 
 
 My Dear Sir: With all my heart, I thank you, and, 
 through you, the members of the Phantom Club, for their great 
 kindness and congratulations, and fragrant remembrance of me 
 on my eightieth birthday, and for their more than kind words 
 accompanying the beautiful flowers. 
 
 Please express to the gentlemen of the Club my most grate- 
 ful thanks for their kindness and my sincere wish for the 
 health and prosperity of each of the members. 
 
 Gratefully yours, 
 
 John F. Potter. 
 
 VI. 
 
 131 Avenue de Villiers. 
 Paris, June 22, 1903. 
 
 My Dear Mr. Goodrich : Your amiable communication 
 reached me in due season, and we were able to join you in your 
 libations. We raised our glass, filled with the rich wine of 
 Burgundy, and drained it to the health of the members of the 
 Phantom Club at the appointed hour. 
 
 I send a cordial greeting to you all. Nothing could have 
 afforded me greater satisfaction than the privilege of joining 
 you in your outing. I thank you heartily for your invitation.
 
 122 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 M. Amos A. L. Smith, of Milwaukee, called upon me l-ecently, 
 and gave me information concerning Lake Beulah :m<l other 
 points of interest on your programme. It was a great pleasure 
 for me to bear him converse upon a section of my native land 
 which I know only from hearsay. I hope at no distant date to 
 become acquainted with the country and its charming inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Believe me, dear Mr. Goodrich, yours most cordially, 
 
 Benjamin F. Deeeing. 
 
 FUNERAL OF JOHN FOX POTTER. 
 
 John Fox Potter died May 18, 1899, at his home 
 on the shore of Potter's Lake, Walworth county, aged 
 82 years; and on the 22d of the same month his re- 
 2iiains were laid to rest in the family burial plot, within 
 one hundred yards of the spot on which he had lived 
 for more than sixty years. The Phantom Club was 
 represented at the funeral by President John E. Good- 
 rich, De Witt Davis, James A. Bryden, John G. Greg- 
 ory, Eolland L. Porter, E. W. Chafiu and Joseph V. 
 Quarles. After the conclusion of the formal service, 
 Senator Quarles said: 
 
 Friends : The members of the Phantom Club have come to- 
 gether to lay some blossoms upon the grave of one who was in 
 some sense the godfather of the organization. Beyond this we 
 had no thought of taking part in the ceremonies. However, the 
 earnest request of the family is accepted by us as a command, 
 and I am instructed to express the sorrow we all share as wo 
 stand around this open grave, We arc assembled in the same 
 beautiful grove where, at an early day, the deceased came as a 
 young pioneer to establish a home : to this place he gladly re- 
 tired to spend the evening of life, after the heat and burden
 
 APPENDIX. 123 
 
 of his career. He first looked upon this landscape through the 
 eyes of a lover, and became infatuated. He built a snug little 
 log cabin, but he could not bring his young wife until he had 
 laid in a store of provisions, which were not to be had this side 
 of Lake Michigan. There were no means of transportation at 
 hand, and he therefore trundled a loaded wheelbarrow some 
 thirty miles across the unfenced prairies to this place. That 
 might, perhaps, be called a "sentimental journey." It disclosed 
 at all events the unflinching determination of the man. Here 
 he reared his family, and throughout his long life this secluded 
 retreat has been to him what the poet Horace celebrated in 
 song as his "little Sabine Nest." 
 
 Shortly before our friend died he was propped up in bed at 
 his request. The windows were thrown open that he might 
 gaze once more upon this landscape as the first rays of the 
 morning sun kissed the spot endeared to him by so many tender 
 ties, and so that his dull ear might catch again the morning 
 chorus of the song birds that he loved so well. This very spot 
 he chose as his own last resting place. 
 
 John F. Potter was a modest, unassuming man, but he had 
 the courage of a lion. He was fully equal to all the emergen- 
 cies of pioneer life and gained great popularity among the 
 settlers of Southeastern Wisconsin. He represented the old 
 First District in Congress during the stirring times that pre- 
 ceded the great rebellion. It was a period of intense excite- 
 ment all over the land, but Washington was the natural focus. 
 The Southern "fire-eater" was very much in evidence in both 
 houses of Congress. His forensic eloquence was employed to 
 fire the Southern heart. It was a standing threat to disrupt 
 the Union if necessary to safeguard "the Divine Institution." 
 It was quite the fashion for Southern men to denounce their 
 Northern brethren as cowards, and mudsills. Southern knight- 
 hood was then in flower. All prowess and chivalry were sup- 
 posed to belong to the sunny South, while the blue-nosed Yankee 
 was looked upon with pity and contempt. It was a common
 
 124 PHANTOM CLUB PAPERS. 
 
 it that one Southern gentleman, skilled in horsemanship and 
 in Hie use of firearms, was a match for about ten Yankee 
 shopkeepers. 
 
 One afternoon, after a heated debate, a scrimmage took 
 place on the floor of the House, when John F. Potter demon- 
 strated with his good right arm that the Southern estimate was 
 somewhat at fault, as he proceeded in lay out four or five 
 Southern bullies in quick succession. Thereupon he was, ac- 
 cording to the practice of that day, promptly challenged to meet 
 one of his Southern antagonists on the field of honor, where 
 vulgar weapons like the human fist were barred. To the sur- 
 prise of everybody, and more especially of the Southern group, 
 rotter promptly accepted the challenge, appointed his second, 
 and. being the challenged party, claimed his right to choose 
 the weapons, and named bowie knives. This was a trying situ- 
 ation for the doughty challenger. lie had no idea of offering 
 his precious body to be carved by a long knife wielded by the 
 sinewy arm which he had encountered the day before. So, to 
 the amusement of the whole nation, the duel was called off. 
 This incident had much to do with abolishing the duello in the 
 United States. How many thousand precious lives might have 
 been spared if Southern men had taken the practical hint that 
 Potter gave them as to the courage and determination of the 
 Northern man! It took four years of cruel war to convince 
 the Southern people that Potter was right. 
 
 The career just closed well illustrates the evanescence of 
 fame. When the bowie knife flashed in the lime-light before 
 the delighted eyes of his compatriots, Mr. Potter was a great 
 hero. He suddenly achieved national prominence, but how 
 soon was it all forgot ! The war came on and washed out with 
 blood those earlier triumphs of the days of peace. Potter, in 
 the course of time, dropped behind the procession, as every 
 public servant is doomed to do. For years his existence was 
 almost forgotten. He belonged to an earlier era. But when a 
 little group of gentlemen, who were destined to be the founders
 
 APPENDIX. 125 
 
 of this club, chanced to come this way, they discovered him 
 anew. They found the reminiscences of the stirring ante- 
 bellum period, as related by this modest man, not only enter- 
 taining but of absorbing interest. The next summer these gen- 
 tlemen came again and brought others with them. All were 
 charmed with the beauty of the place and edified by the dis- 
 course of their newly found friend. Thereafter this home, on 
 this wooded knoll overlooking the beautiful lake, became the 
 Mecca of the Phantom Club. Mr. Potter was made an honorary 
 member, and we looked upon him almost as our patron saint. 
 
 Now that he has gone from us, it only remains for the 
 Phantoms of to-day to salute the phantom of yesterday. We 
 honor him for his courage, his patriotism, his kindly courtesy. 
 We shall cherish his memory as an inspiration. We leave him 
 here to sleep upon this gentle eastern slope, where the feathered 
 songsters will herald the birth of every summer day, until 
 another winged choir shall proclaim the dawn of the eternal 
 morning.
 
 APPENDIX. 127 
 
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