HOW TO LIVE: 
 
 SAYING AND WASTING, 
 
 OR, 
 
 BY THE 
 
 LUTE OF Two FAMILIES OP OPPOSITE CHARACTER, HABITS, AND PRAC- 
 TICES, IN A PLEASANT TALE OF REAL LIFE, FULL OF USEFUL LES- 
 SONS IN HOUSEKEEPING, AND HINTS How TO LIVE, How TO 
 HAVE, How TO GAIN, AND How TO BE HAPPY ; IN- 
 CLUDING THE STORY 
 
 OP 
 
 A DIME A DAY. 
 
 BY SOLON ROBINSON. 
 \\ 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 FOWLER & WELLS, PUBLISHERS, 
 753 BROADWAY. 
 1880. 
 
ENTERED, ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE TKAU 
 
 BY FOWLEK AND WELLS, 
 
 ru THE CLBBK'S OFFICB OF THE DISTRICT COURT OF THB 
 
 STATES FOB THB SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK 
 
KVKRY FRUGAL HOUSEKEEPER IN AMERICA ; 
 
 TO BVERY ONE WHO LOVES NEATNESS, ORDER, &OOSOMV, 
 O.X)I) FOOD WELL COOKED, AND ALL THR HOUSEHOLT> 
 
 COMFORTS OF H O M 
 
 TOI6 BOOK, FOR K V KRY HOM E, ! ij RKSPECTFDLLV 
 DEDICATED, BY T II i: III r R I K N D , 
 
 THE AUTlf '. 
 
 M193683 
 
ADV ERTISEMENT. 
 
 Xo man, woman or child, can read this book with- 
 out being interested in its pleasant narrative" and 
 exposition of human character, and instructed in its 
 lessons of economy, in things that pertain to every day 
 life, in every family. It is written by one of much 
 experience, with the sole design to do good. It is a 
 good book, written for a good purpose, and peculiarly 
 well adapted to the use of all new-beginners in house- 
 keeping. It may be read with profit by all classes, 
 and we are confident that no one can read it without 
 being interested, amused, and instructed. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Economy Illustrated in a pair of shoes Mrs. Doolittle is disgusted 
 with the meanness of Mrs. Savery She contrasts Mrs. Savery's 
 kitchen with her own How to make a corn cake Pictures of 
 health Children and check aprons Mrs. Doolittle upon corn- 
 meal cake Mrs. Doolittle disgusted with the economy of a supper 
 that costs nothing Trees that bear fruit, and trees that don't 
 bear fruit How to work a garden Economy of space The 
 Watermelon, and where it grew Delicate children Going to 
 marry a mechanic, 9-22 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Balinda Lovewell A nine days' wonder Studying economy Eco- 
 nomy of the bed-room arrangements The oaken box The lame 
 boy, and the economy of kindness The trunks and their contents 
 The economy of ventilation Warming the house A new radia- 
 torThe book shelves Hanging up the dresses Making much of 
 little room Economy in furniture New use of a trunk The 
 Magic Chair Mattress making Economizing time Making rag 
 carpets The Doolittle family Fancy work Works of fiction 
 The way that children should greet their mother Lillie and Frank 
 Brothers and sisters Evening readings Good books Punctu- 
 ality There comes father A warm greeting Teachings of affec- 
 
X CONTENTS. 
 
 tion The tea-table Good breeding Corn cakes Mush White 
 and yellow meal Economy of silver ware Housekeeping Pro- 
 per food True art of cooking Tea-table lectures How to boil a 
 piece of meat The secret of good food, .... ?4-82 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 the breakfast Harmony Economy in food Dough-nuts Econo- 
 my of time The musquito net Carpets and calicoes Grawmi 
 reminiscences Rats and their counterparts The magnetic power 
 of a smile Scripture answers How to make bread Saving stale 
 bread Bees in the city The plain dinner Greens Account 
 with the garden Work for a day What a remarkable boy How 
 he was home taught There is a cause for everything Studying 
 ship-building All for the best Mind culture Keeping out moths 
 Saving trifles The poultry house Deodorizing The grape- 
 Tine The garden Economy of space The cistern Washing 
 dishes Something worth economy Cheap soap Making tea, 83-KKJ 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The tea Vegetable diet Effect of pork eating Opinion of tobacco 
 Excerpta upon domestic economy Cause of puny children 
 Salt, is it necessary ? Folly in eating Digestion Argument for 
 drinking Uselessness of condiments in food Clothing Such is 
 fashion Suitable clothing Folly in eating and sleeping Early 
 rising Walking exercise Be courteous Value of good temper- 
 Rules of household economy Punctuality Household teachings 
 Botany Poor economy Economy is not parsimony Learn to 
 say I can't afford it Care of the sick Cure of Erysipelas Family 
 amusements, 122-160 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Saturday iu the kitchen The rice pudding Soup Preparation for 
 Sunday Iced tea A day of recreation How to treat servant* 
 
(:>-TK NTS. XI 
 
 Horsemanship for girls Magnetic power of the voice The Doo- 
 littles' turn-out My smelling bottle, or I shall faint Vulgar things 
 Forgetfulness-^-The visit to the country A sensible man's will 
 Mrs. Whitlock The welcome The farm-house Trees by the 
 roadside The four buildings The barn The wind-mill The 
 strawberry bed Uncle Samuel and the children The farm-house 
 tea-table Country bread Natural homage Meeting the Doolit- 
 tles Thinking one thing and saying another The contrast The 
 Doolittle farm Strawberries and cream at home Something bet- 
 ter My dear little wife Happy hearti, . . . 153-196 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Visit to the Doolittles Out of tune A garden in shocking order 
 The boys Influence upon character Rough and tumble fight of 
 the boys, and the result Oil upon the waters A scene behind the 
 scenes Another crash The Doolittle tea-table The stolen milk 
 A lesson learned for life, 198-219 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Doolittle coming home The effect of home influences The effect of 
 drinking Walls have ears The listener Plotting villains Doo- 
 little pets his picture taken Insubordination A family scene- 
 Leaving home The pledge Doolittle in the lawyer's office A con- 
 tretempsThe budget of news- -The experiment of city life 
 ended, ". . . . 21&-286 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 A change of character Mr. and Mrs. Doolittle A match broken 
 up The return home Forgiveness Mr. Doolittle and daughters 
 An affecting scene Talk of moving A death scene, . 236-244 
 
Ill CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Bfac months on time's railroad Talk of marriage A lesson of eco- 
 nomy As man and wife should live The old house The pleasant 
 surprise The old bed^room Goodness and happiness House 
 furnishing The kitchen, parlor, and bed-rooms A pleasant 
 meeting Captain Peabody and Salinda The approaching wed- 
 ding day The Doolittle girls A great change The way to spend 
 Trinter evenings Business punctuality he mysterious package 
 Gratitude Another suspense The wedding and the end, 247-276 
 
ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 CHAPTEE L 
 
 Economy Illustrated in a Pair of Shoes Mrs. Doolittle is 
 Disgusted. 
 
 " OH, dear me, Mrs. Lovewell, I am heartily 
 tired of visiting that Mrs. Savery. What do 
 you suppose I found her doing yesterday after- 
 noon, when you know it was so pleasant that 
 everybody was in the street ? Oh, you need 
 not guess ; I am sure you never would think 
 of the right thing." 
 
 " Indeed, I don't know that I could, but I 
 have no doubt it was something useful. Prac- 
 ticing some of her -arts of economy, I sup- 
 pose." 
 
 " Economy indeed ! Why, it is downright 
 1* 
 
i-o 
 
 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 meanness. I should be mortified to death, 
 if I was caught at such a piece of busi- 
 ness." 
 
 " Why, Mrs. Doolittle, you alarm me. 
 Pray, what was she about ?" 
 
 " About, indeed I Why, she was making a 
 pair of shoes." 
 
 " Slippers, you mean, I suppose ; I often do 
 that for my husband." 
 
 " Oh, yes, worsted work ; that is a very dif- 
 ferent thing. No, it was a pair of shoes for 
 herself. She had taken a pair of old shoe- 
 soles, from which the tops had been worn out, 
 and had cut new uppers from an old pair of 
 her husband's black lasting pantaloons. Did 
 you ever hear the like! I was really dis- 
 gusted to hear her talk about it." 
 
 " Why, what did she say." 
 
 " Why, she said, i there now, Mrs. Doo- 
 little, I sat down after dinner, and commenced 
 the job, with Susan to help me rip off the old 
 soles and bind one of the new shoes, and now 
 you see I have got just as good a pair of shoes, 
 and for aught I see, just as good looking as the 
 old pair that I paid a dollar and a half for. 
 
A NEAT KITCHEN. 11 
 
 And that is what I call economy. Now I will 
 go and show Susan how to make a new corn 
 cake for tea. Don't you want to learn ?' 
 
 " I told her no indeed ; when I got so poor, 
 and I put a real meaning emphasis upon the 
 word when I got so poor that I could not 
 keep a cook that knew how to do her own 
 work, I would come and learn the trade." 
 
 "Was she offended? Indeed Mrs. Doolittle, 
 you were rather rude. You might have 
 learned how to make a very nice cake." 
 
 " Well I must acknowledge that I did ; no, 
 she was not the least offended, but insisted 
 that I should go down with her to the kitchen 
 and see how it was done. I had a good mind 
 to refuse, for I expected that I should get a 
 grease spot on. my new silk, just as like as not. 
 I am sure I should in my kitchen ; but would 
 you believe it, hers is as clean as a new pin. 
 Why the very floor looks as white and clean 
 as a table. I do think she must keep tha.1 
 Susan of hers scrubbing all the time. For my 
 part I don't see how she ever gets through all 
 the work and do the washing too. I wish I 
 could get such help." 
 
12 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " Mrs. Savery says it is by economy. Econo- 
 my of time, as well as everything else. Bui 
 about the nice corn cake ?" 
 
 " Oh yes. Well I never ; why it was just 
 nothing to make. I could have made it just 
 as well as she did." 
 
 " If you had known how." 
 
 "Why yes, to be sure ; but it is nothing to 
 learn; and then to hear her count the cost. 
 Why she would feed a whole family for six- 
 pence. In the first place she took a cup of 
 Indian corn meal, not over three cents worth, 
 she said, and white at that I always use 
 yellow meal it has more taste than the white 
 and put it in a clean wooden bowl, and what 
 do you think she mixed with it, to make her 
 cake? Water; nothing but water. Yes a 
 little pinch of salt; but that she said she could 
 not count the cost of, it was so small; and theu 
 she mixed, and stirred, and beat the meal and 
 water together as though she was beating eggs, 
 until she got it into a smooth batter, that 
 would just pour into a shallow tin pan, about 
 an inch deep. The cake when done was about 
 as thick as my thumb. She first put the pan 
 
NEAT CHILDREN-. 13 
 
 into a very hot oven and let it cook until the 
 batter got stiff, and then she opened the stove 
 doors and set the cake up edgeways right 
 before the glowing coals until it got a nice 
 delicate brown crust, and then drew it back 
 and let it bake slow a long time half an hour 
 or more I should think." 
 
 " And was it good ?" 
 
 " Good ! why I declare I never tasted any- 
 thing so delicious in all my life. I wouldn't 
 have believed it, that just meal and water 
 could be made so good. But that is not all. 
 Just as she had got her cake turned up before 
 the fire, in came her two children such pic- 
 tures of health did you ever see the like !" 
 
 " She says that is * the economy of health. 7 
 It is cheaper to keep them healthy than sick, 
 as well as more comfortable. You found them 
 very neat, too." 
 
 " Neat ! I never saw the like. But it's no 
 wonder; look at the pains she takes with them. 
 Why, it must keep Susan busy all the time." 
 
 "Then who does the work?" 
 
 " Well, I don't know. I can't understand 
 it. I wish I could get along so. But then 
 
ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 my children are always sick. Hers are always 
 well and tliat makes the difference." 
 
 " No, the difference is in always keeping 
 them well. But you were going to tell us 
 something more about the cake." 
 
 "Oh, yes. When the children came in, 
 Lillie said," 
 
 " Oh mother, will you let me bake a sweet 
 cake for brother Frank and me ?" 
 
 " Yes, if you will run up to your room and 
 put away your things, and get on your aprons." 
 
 " Directly down they came, and as I live, 
 both of them with check aprons on. I should 
 not like to see my children dressed in check 
 aprons. It looks so common, and sort of 
 countryfied. Then Lillie took the bowl of 
 batter, and got a part of a teacupful of mo- 
 lasses, and a spoonful of ginger, and stirred it 
 in, and then she got a cup of sour milk ; and 
 what do you think that was for ?" 
 
 " I suppose to put in the cake." 
 
 " Yes, but first she mixed with it a little 
 super carbonate of soda, until she set it all 
 foaming, and then stirred it into the batter, 
 with a little more meal to thicken it again, 
 
THE CORN CAKE. 15 
 
 and poured it into an iron pan about twice as 
 deep as the other, and clapped it right into 
 the hot oven, where it baked until we had 
 almost done tea, and then Susan brought it in 
 smoking hot, and Mrs. Savery cut it up into 
 squares, opening each piece and laying on a 
 little lump of sweet butter, and so serving it 
 round to each one ; and would you believe it, 
 in a respectable family, that that was the only 
 cake on the table. I declare I had no great 
 opinion of corn meal sweet cake, it seemed to 
 look so mean ; and then I had already eaten 
 hearty of the plain cake, and did not think I 
 would touch this one, but Lillie, with her 
 insinuating little coaxing way I don't know 
 who could resist her said I must taste her 
 cake, and with that she asked me to take my 
 knife and lay it open, and then she took a 
 spoonful of juice out of the quince preserves, 
 and spread over it, and I began tasting and 
 tasting, and would you believe it, the first I 
 thought about what I was doing, I had cleared 
 my plate, and Lillie was helping me to 
 another piece ; she was so delighted to see 
 mo eat it with such a relish, when I only 
 
16 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 intended to ' give it a taste, just out of com- 
 pliment.' '' 
 
 " Then it was good ?" 
 
 " Good ! I never tasted anything more 
 delicious. I have often had a cake upon my 
 table that I paid a dollar for that did not give 
 half as much satisfaction ; the bakers are 
 getting to cheat so dreadfully. I could have 
 forgiven her about' her meanness don't you 
 think it is meanness ? in making shoes, or 
 putting check aprons on her children, if sho 
 had not preached ine one of her sermons 
 upon economy, and actually proved to me 
 that the supper, delicious as it was, had 
 literally cost nothing that is next to nothing. 
 There was the meal three cents the molasses 
 and salt and soda, three cents the tea, two 
 cents the sugar and milk, two cents the 
 butter butter is high now, but that was not 
 over four cents and let me see, was that all?" 
 
 " You mentioned some quince preserves." 
 
 " Oh, yes, but she said they actually cost 
 less than nothing. About eleven years ago 
 it was to commemorate the first birthday of 
 Frank she planted a quince bush, and then 
 
PLANTING A TREE. 17 
 
 she told how she made it grow, and bear fruit. 
 She said she always kept the ground loose 
 and covered in the summer with straw, which 
 she wets with soap suds and dishwater, and 
 last year her quince tree bore more than she 
 wanted ; and so a friend of hers came and 
 brought her own sugar, and did all the work, 
 and put up the quinces at the halves, while 
 Mrs. Savery was away on a visit in the 
 country. So she proved, you see, that they 
 really did cost nothing. I wish I could 
 live so." 
 
 " I don't see why you could not, you have 
 got a nice place for a garden." 
 
 " Yes, full of bushes and flowers, but I have 
 got no quince tree." 
 
 " But you must do as Mrs Savery did ; 
 plant one." 
 
 u Yes, and I might not live till it bore fruit. 
 And besides, I never could do as she does. 
 We hire all our work, and I often tell Mr,, 
 Doolittle it costs more to raise a few roses and 
 flowers than it would to buy them. But then 
 our girls must have a garden." 
 
18 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " Don't you know how Mrs. Savery works 
 hers?" 
 
 " Oh, yes : her husband is a mechanic, and 
 knows how to work, and don't mind it, and he 
 spades up the ground before breakfast, and 
 then Mrs. Savery and the children, and Susan 
 all work at it, and that is the way they make 
 their things cost nothing. We live different, 
 you know." 
 
 " Perhaps they make it a pleasure, instead 
 of toil. I recollect going in there one day 
 last summer the door was open, and it was 
 just at sundown, so I walked in and through 
 the house the tea-table was standing, just as 
 they left it, and all hands were out in the gar- 
 den as busy as bees. I recollect Lillie was 
 saving safron, which Mrs. Savery said would 
 sell for enough to pay for all the medicine they 
 used in a year. 
 
 Frank was cutting his third crop of grass 
 from the borders, which he sold to old Capt. 
 Peabody, for I don't know how many quarts 
 of milk. The old lady, you know, makes a 
 living from her two cows. I declare there 
 
THE GA11DKN. 19 
 
 was not a spot in that garden that hadn't some- 
 thing useful growing in it. But that was not 
 all; I do believe that garden is the great secret 
 of health of those children. 
 
 As soon as Lillie saw me, she ran up and 
 shook hands, and said, " she was so glad I had 
 come, for father was just wishing that some of 
 our friends would come in, and then he would 
 cut the big melon." 
 
 " Melons ! why, do they raise melons upon 
 that little patch of ground?" 
 
 " "Why no, I cannot say they do exactly, for 
 the seed was planted in a barrel of earth set 
 on the flagging, and the vines were trained up 
 on top of a little flat roof building in the yard, 
 and there they grew six or eight feet from the 
 ground, some sweet delicious water-melons. 
 That was what Mr. Savery said was the econo- 
 my of space. It was ' economy of space ' in- 
 deed ; for underneath the barrel of earth, was 
 one full of ashes, saved from their chamber 
 stove, where they burn wood, and that barrel 
 used to run off a little lye to soften the hard 
 water of their well." 
 
 " Oh, I always buy potash." 
 
20 KCONOMY ll-J/rSTKAT!-:!). 
 
 " And she always saves it. A gallon of lye 
 will soften a large kettle full of hard-water, 
 and as you see, said Mr. Savery, takes up no 
 room, and the leached ashes make excellent 
 manure. That is what makes Frank's grass 
 grow so rank, and our fruit trees look so 
 thrifty." 
 
 " Well, did you eat the melon?" 
 
 " Oh yes, as soon as Lillie mentioned it, her 
 father got up and brought it down, and Susan 
 drew a pail of cold water and put it in ; and 
 Frank said then he would run over and ask 
 Aunt Mary and the girls, to come and join the 
 water-melon party ; and upon my word, I do 
 think it was the sweetest melon, and sweetest 
 family circle I ever got into in all my life." 
 
 " And was it big enough for all of you ?" 
 
 " Oh yes. I have often paid three or four 
 shillings for one nothing like as good. And 
 while we were eating or rather while we 
 were talking, after satisfying all of our appe- 
 tites, Susan and all, Mr. Savery told Lillie to 
 get her little account book, and show me, not 
 only how she was learning to keep accounts, 
 but how much they were indebted to the gar- 
 
CHECK APRONS AND THICK SHOES. 21 
 
 den. Keally I never could have believed it. 
 But the best of all, said he, it teaches my chil- 
 dren habits of industry and economy." 
 
 " Oh yes, that word economy always comes 
 in." 
 
 " Well, I am sure it is a very good word, 
 and at this time particularly necessary for all 
 to learn, and practice too. It would save much 
 suffering among the poor." 
 
 " Yes, it may be necessary for mechanics, 
 and such sort of folks, to be always saving, 
 but thank fortune, my family are able to live 
 without working like common laborers in the 
 garden every day. Besides, my children ain't 
 able to do it ; they are very delicate." 
 
 " Perhaps, Mrs. Doolittle, it is the garden, 
 and check aprons, and thick shoes, and corn 
 bread, and all that, that makes Mr. Savery's 
 children so healthy. And certainly, when 
 they are dressed for church, there are none 
 that look prettier, or attract more attention by 
 their pretty behavior ; if they do work in ^he 
 garden and get ruddy faces, and dirty fingers.'' 
 
 "Well, well, if you ain't getting to be a 
 convert to the Saverys' economy. I shall 
 
22 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 expect to see you soon, making your own 
 shoes." 
 
 " I don't know as to that, but I will tell you 
 what you may see me doing and I intend to 
 begin to-morrow and that is taking lessons in 
 the art of house-keeping. You know my 
 daughter, Salinda, is soon to be married, and I 
 think we had better give Mrs. Savery five 
 hundred dollars of her portion, for some lessons 
 in the economy of house-keeping, the practice 
 of which in time will pay it back, twice over." 
 
 " And so you are going to get her to give 
 your daughter the finish of her education, after 
 all you have done for her. Well, well, I am 
 beat now." 
 
 "I shall certainly make her the offer. I 
 have been thinking about it for some time; 
 and now what you have told me has fully con- 
 vinced me that a quarter's tuition from Mrs. 
 Savery, will be worth more than any quarter 
 she ever had at boarding-school, or from her 
 music master or French teacher; for to be 
 candid with you, Salinda is going to marry a 
 mechanic." 
 
 "A mechanic! Oh my! the richest iner- 
 
MARRY A MECHANIC. 23 
 
 chant's daughter in town, going to marry a 
 mechanic. Well now I must go, and tell the 
 news. What will my girls think ! good bye." 
 " Good bye. Yes, yes, Mrs. Doolittle, tell 
 your girls, and all the rest of your acquaint- 
 ance, that Salinda Lovewell, is going to take 
 lessons of economy of Mrs. Savery, and then 
 marry a poor mechanic. Well, we shall 
 whether that won't be good economy. 
 
24 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 CHAPTEK II. 
 
 The Merchant's Daughter Preparation for Marriage. 
 
 SALINDA was a sensible girl, and was de- 
 lighted with the project, hinted at in the close 
 of the last chapter. She had been all her life 
 in a boarding-school, and knew no more of 
 keeping house, than though she had never 
 lived inside of one. But as she had made up 
 her mind to marry, and as her mother said, a 
 mechanic, and as Mrs. Doolittle said, nothing 
 but a mechanic, she began to think that she 
 knew nothing about the very thing she should 
 know about, and asked her mother what she 
 was to do. 
 
 Her mother knew the theory, but as she had 
 been a long time living in a hotel, she could 
 not teach her the practice. She knew Mrs. 
 Savery could, and she intended to make it an 
 object for her to do it. 
 
 That very evening, Charley Goodman was 
 to call and have a talk with Salinda and her 
 
HOW TO BEGIN LIFE. 25 
 
 father and mother, to fix upon the wedding 
 day Of course he wanted it soon the sooner 
 the better. 
 
 " Charlie, said Mr. Lovewell, I have given 
 my consent freely to this match, but I am 
 afraid that neither you nor Salinda, know any- 
 thing about the economy of house-keeping, 
 and if you marry a girl ignorant of that, one 
 who has been a reputed rich merchant's 
 daughter, I am afraid that with your salary 
 of a thousand dollars a year, you will run 
 under. What think you my boy ?" 
 
 " Why sir, that you began with that, in ex- 
 actly the same position that I am, and you got 
 along pretty well." 
 
 " True, but I married the mother of the girl 
 you are after : and in less extravagant times 
 than these, and for two years she did her own 
 work, with the assistance of a little girl she 
 took, almost from the street." 
 
 " And so will I do my work, father, if you 
 will give me a chance to learn how. Let me 
 go and live one year with Mrs. Savery I am 
 sure Charley will wait or even half that time. 
 I shall know how, and I hope shall be able 
 2 
 
26 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 to take care of my own house, and live com- 
 fortably, without being dependent upon my 
 father, or using up all the income of my hus- 
 band." 
 
 " Spoken like a sensible girl, and worthy of 
 the honest man you have chosen for a husband. 
 I am sure he will be willing to wait for this 
 finishing touch of your education. When 
 will you go ?" 
 
 "If you are all willing, and Mrs. Savery 
 will take me as her pnpil, I will go to-morrow 
 morning." 
 
 "Agreed. Do you all say agreed. Yery 
 well. I will answer for Mrs. Savery. And 
 Susan, what a proud day for Susan, for it was 
 her that your mother took, a poor friendless 
 orphan, and learned how to work, and become 
 the useful woman she is. Come wife, let us 
 go and see Mrs. Savery, while the young 
 couple have a chat together upon future pros- 
 pects." 
 
 It was a nine days wonder with Salinda's 
 acquaintance, and boarding-school compan- 
 ions, when they heard that such a rich man's 
 daughter, had not only agreed to marry a plain 
 
LEARNING HOUSEKEEPING. 27 
 
 mechanic, but had gone to serve a year's ap- 
 prenticeship to learn house-keeping, and some 
 of the most foolish ones, including the Doo- 
 littles, resolved to "cut her acquaintance,' 
 as they had no idea of associating with a 
 " kitchen girl," or a " mechanic's wife." This 
 did not disturb Salinda, as she was anxious to 
 commence life just as her mother had done, 
 and see if she could not help her husband as 
 her mother did hers, to build up a fortune, by 
 industry and frugality. 
 
 Mrs. Savery received her with open arms, 
 and promised her, " that before a year was 
 over, she would be just as able to take charge 
 of her house, as her teacher; and not only 
 learn the art of living well, but saving all, and 
 actually growing rich upon what in most 
 houses is wasted." 
 
 " In the first place, we will go up and see 
 where you are to sleep. You know our house 
 is small, and we have to economize room, but 
 I am very much opposed to small bed-rooms, 
 oecause they cannot be well ventilated, and 
 that is of the utmost importance on account 
 of health. I think your mother told me that 
 
28 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 you had always been accustomed to sleep on 
 a feather bed. It will, I fear, seem hard at 
 first, to sleep on our mattresses ; b ut I never 
 allow feathers in the house, except some thin 
 pillows of old well-seasoned feathers." 
 
 " Oh, I can soon accustom myself to a hard 
 bed. But shall I not sleep with Lillie? it 
 would save room. I am anxious to make as 
 little trouble as possible." 
 
 " Not much ; and then it is more healthy, 
 in warm weather, to sleep separate. This is 
 your bed, and that is Lillie's. Both in one 
 room, yet this thick curtain will give each the 
 privacy of separate apartments." 
 
 " You have taken too much trouble, I fear, 
 on my account." 
 
 " ~No trouble is too much when health, com- 
 fort, neatness and respectability are concerned. 
 This curtain, being open top and bottom, will 
 allow a free circulation of air, which will be 
 much better than a close partition, and as we 
 have no bath-room in the house, this arrange- 
 ment will allow you both to enjoy the healthy 
 luxury of a sponge bath of cold water in the 
 bathing tub, every morning. I shall expect, 
 
IN A SMALL ROOM. J 
 
 too, that each will keep her own apartment 
 in order ; arid there, see how easy it is to draw 
 aside the curtain, and now for the use of both 
 together, you have a large pleasant room." 
 
 " Oh, I am sure I never saw anything nicer. 
 What a pretty toilette table ; but I do not see 
 any wash-stand." 
 
 "You shall see that. The room is small, 
 you know, and as I expect you and Lillie to 
 use it as a sitting room, for your work and 
 reading, when you wish to retire from the 
 family circle, or from visitors, I prefer to have 
 the conveniences for washing out of sight. 
 Look here." 
 
 Mrs. Savery stepped to the toilette table under 
 the glass, and drew aside the snow white cur- 
 tain, and there was a neat little painted wash- 
 stand, with its white bowl and pitcher and 
 soap dish, and drawer, and all the little conve- 
 niences. Beneath that was a square tin tub, 
 made to fit so as to economize all the space ; 
 the whole only taking up the room of the 
 toilette table. The stand was set on casters, 
 and could be rolled out wherever convenient. 
 
 In a drawer was a piece of India-rubber 
 
30 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 cloth, that could be spread over the carpet 
 during the bathing opeiation. On the table 
 was a plain square oak wood box, very neatly 
 made, with a lock, in which all the toilet arti- 
 cles could be kept. * 
 
 Salinda was looking at everything in silence, 
 and Mrs. Savery began to wonder if she was 
 contrasting it with the rosewood work of her 
 room at the hotel. She was. And her opinion 
 burst involuntarily from her lips. 
 
 " How much more sensible how neat how 
 convenient how good and yet " 
 
 Mrs. Savery furnished her the word " eco- 
 nomical." 
 
 " Yes, and yet how much more economical. 
 I suppose this did not cost half the money ?" 
 
 " I cannot answer that. It only cost us a 
 little time odd time wasted hours with most 
 mechanics. Mr. Savery is a carpenter, and 
 almost everything in the house is the work of 
 his own hands, or some of his workmen, when 
 business was slack, or between jobs, or in some 
 spare hour. That box is the work of a poor 
 lame boy, whom Mr. Savery used to allow to 
 come into the shop and make little articles 
 
THE OAKEN BOX. 31 
 
 which he sold in the street to help his mother, 
 until well, well, no matter." 
 
 " Oh yes, pray tell me, until what?" 
 
 In the mean time Salinda was examining 
 the box, finding it was really a very excellent 
 piece of workmanship, and " much like one of 
 her mother's." 
 
 " Until one day my husband was passing 
 through another street, he met a lady just 
 coming out of a little wood-worker's shop, 
 with that box in her hand. She knew Mr. 
 Savery very well, and exclaimed as she saw 
 him: 
 
 " Oh dear, I am caught in the very act. I 
 was just going to carry this box to you as a 
 present a little token of remembrance from 
 a poor boy, who through your kindness is 
 making a good living for himself and his old 
 mother." 
 
 " Mr. Savery was surprised ; he did not 
 know what it meant ; but she took him by 
 the arm, and led him into the shop, and there 
 was the poor lame boy, with just as much as 
 he could do : and he had employed two other 
 lame boys to help him. Overhead, in com- 
 
02 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 fortable apartments, lived the old lady, not 
 only well provided for now, but her son was 
 in a much fairer way than some whole young 
 men of gaining wealth, and a respectable posi- 
 tion in society. 
 
 " I am indebted to you, first, and this good 
 lady second, for all this;" said he, as he hopped 
 forward on his crutches to meet my husband. 
 " You gave me the chance to learn to work, 
 and she gave me the means." 
 
 " Oh, what a dear, good woman how I 
 should like to know her." 
 
 " You do it was your mother." 
 
 " Oh, Heaven bless her. How much cause 
 I have to love my mother. That box will be 
 almost an idol in my eyes. It will be a 
 prompter every morning and evening, to teach 
 me to pray for that mother, and the spread of 
 such a spirit as animates her heart, throughout 
 the world." 
 
 A tear started to Mrs. Savery's eye it was 
 a tear of gladness, to think what a train of 
 happy circumstances had grown out of so tri- 
 fling an act of kindness as that of her husband, 
 in permitting the poor boy to exercise his 
 
TRUNKS AND BANDBOXES. 33 
 
 natural skill as a wood-worker in his shop, 
 instead of abruptly driving him away " about 
 his own business." 
 
 Mr. Savery was made quite happy in the 
 evening, when his wife related what a pleasing 
 influence the reminiscence had had upon the 
 mind of their young friend. 
 
 About the time Mrs. Savery had got through 
 showing Salinda all the rooms in the house, 
 and that everything had its place, the porter 
 from the hotel arrived with her trunks and 
 bandboxes, and all the trappings that a modern 
 lady contrives to carry with her on a journey, 
 in defiance of all the rules of economy of dress, 
 money, or time. 
 
 " Oh dear, where shall I put them all," she 
 thought as she looked out upon the great bar 
 row load ; " I am sure I wish half of them 
 were back again, and back I will send them, 
 that is positive. I told mother I should not 
 want them." Unconsciously, she thought 
 aloud, and Mrs. Savery replied. 
 
 " Oh no, do not send them back, it would 
 only serve to make your mother think you do 
 iiot intend to remain long. No doubt she 
 2* 
 
34 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 thought you would be more contented, if you 
 had everything here. Besides, it will serve to 
 teach you your first lesson in economy econo- 
 my of space the art of making a small house 
 and contracted rooms serve the purpose of 
 larger ones. "We are all too extravagant in 
 house room, when it is so expensive as it is in 
 cities." 
 
 " I thought people generally in large towns 
 lived in too contracted space." 
 
 " Perhaps the poor do, but the fault is more 
 in want of ventilation, than in the narrowness 
 of the apartments. The worst economy in the 
 world, is the neglect to provide ourselves with 
 fresh air. In a small room, filled with human 
 beings, the whole atmosphere becomes actually 
 poisonous, and destructive of health, and even 
 life, for lack of ventilation. The amount of 
 suffering in the Black Hole of Calcutta, is a 
 lasting memento of this fact. A great many 
 city houses are built with bedrooms in the 
 centre, without any means of ventilation, 
 except through an open door into a close 
 room, where all the cooking, eating, and 
 breathing of a large family are in constant 
 
ECONOMY OF VENTILATION. 35 
 
 operation. In such rooms, human beings are 
 expected to sleep and live. There is a great 
 want of economy of life and health, in such 
 buildings ; but we have no ' Board of Health,' 
 to look after such ' seeds of contagion.' ' 
 " But Frank, you say, sleeps in that room." 
 " True. But look here. There is a Yene- 
 tian blind window opening upon the passage, 
 and here comes a pipe that brings fresh air 
 from the outside of the house. In winter, it 
 passes through the chimney, and gets warm. 
 That opening in the ceiling is another pipe, 
 that leads also into the chimney, high up, 
 which gives it a draft, so that the air in this 
 room is always pure. ISTow this ventilation 
 costs but a trifle, but it saves many dollars, 
 cost of medicine, and, perhaps, precious lives. 
 It is true economy." 
 
 " And the other rooms, are they ventilated ?" 
 " Every one of them in the same way." 
 "I have not seen any sign of the openings 
 i a any other room. How is it done ?" 
 
 " You observed that work stand in your 
 room, and spoke of the convenience of the 
 foot-board. The air grate is underneath that," 
 
36 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " Another economy of space. And is that 
 hot or cold ?" 
 
 " Both. Now notice the paper border of 
 the room. Look up and all around, and see 
 if you can tell which of those little black 
 stripes are openings into the ventilator ?" 
 
 " By looking close, I see there are some in 
 each corner of the room. They are admirably 
 contrived, and I should think the air could 
 never get very bad." 
 
 "No, not if there were twenty persons 
 sleeping here." 
 
 "But your house is not fully warmed by 
 hot air, is it ?" 
 
 "No; because we have no furnace. "We 
 only economize the heat of the kitchen fire. 
 When Mr. Savery built the house, he inserted 
 a hollow cast-iron chest in the back of the 
 chimney, where it would always take up the 
 waste heat that usually escapes up the flue, till 
 it is often hot fifty feet from the fire. Into 
 the bottom of this chest, a pipe opens from 
 out doors, and another from the top, leads the 
 heated air to every room in the house. In the 
 summer time the hot air is shut off, and ano- 
 
WARMING THE HOUSE. 37 
 
 tlier opening brings the air fresh and sweet 
 from the flower garden." 
 
 " I notice anew form of stove in the sitting 
 room." 
 
 " JS"o, the stove is the old form of air-tight 
 wood stoves great economizers of fuel and 
 that is a new attachment, called Tillman's 
 Radiator. You see it is a hollow drum set up 
 endwise, just behind the stove, through which 
 the smoke pipe passes several times up and 
 down. At that end next the floor, the cold 
 air, which always falls by its specific gravity 
 to the bottom of the warm room, comes in 
 among the hot pipes, and there absorbs nearly 
 all the heat, which thus escapes from the top 
 into the room, and thus by preventing the heat 
 from escaping up the chimney, saves nearly one 
 half the cost of producing it. I am told that 
 where these radiators have been attached to a 
 large and expensive coal stove in a public 
 room, that it enabled the occupants to sit 
 quite back, with more comfort than they used 
 to find in close proximity with the stove." 
 " And not burn any more fuel ?" 
 " Not half as much. Instead of radiator 
 
38 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 it should be called the economizer of heat and 
 creator of comfort." 
 
 " My mother says that comfort, health, and 
 religion, are very closely connected." 
 
 "Your mother is right. I don't believe 
 pure religion can dwell with squalid poverty 
 and discomfort. The poor, miserable irreli- 
 gious portion of mankind must be clothed, 
 and fed, and better housed and cared for, 
 before they can enjoy the holy influence of 
 religion. It is a sad waste of time and 
 money, to endeavor to civilize and Christianize 
 such people by an occasional sermon. Dirt 
 and wretchedness work no good influences 
 upon the human mind. But dear me, how we 
 have run off from the subject. I was going to 
 show you how to dispose of the contents of 
 your trunks, even in your small room." 
 
 " That trunk is full of books. I need not 
 unpack them." 
 
 " Of all things else, your books should be in 
 eight, where at any moment you can lay your 
 hand upon the one of your choice. Books 
 are great economizers of little waste bits of 
 time. They gather them all up into a garner 
 
THE BOOK SHELVES. OV 
 
 that will last for ever. Besides I shall be glad 
 to have Lillie profit by your store ; in it she 
 will find something new and useful. ' 
 
 " Indeed she will. I have got some choice 
 books, and she and Frank shall be most 
 welcome. But where can I put them ?" 
 
 "I have thought of that. Your mother 
 told me that you had a good many, and asked 
 us if you should bring them all. "We said all. 
 Mr. Savery said he would provide for them. 
 Now see here." 
 
 She went out and brought in a set of 
 hanging book shelves. The lower one was 
 about three feet long, and the upper one half 
 that length, so that when the cord was hung 
 up on the strong iron hook in the wall and 
 the shelves filled, it formed a pyramidal pile 
 of books, literally " four stories " high and 
 very neat and pretty. 
 
 Salinda was delighted. It was plenty large 
 enough for all her books, and as she remarked 
 when it was finished, as it hung over the work 
 table, it took up no room. 
 
 " There now, only think of the economy of 
 thai:. Mr. Savery made it entirely in an hour 
 
40 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 last evening. For your present purpose, it is 
 just as good as though it cost forty dollars." 
 
 " It is indeed. How fast I am learning my 
 new lessons. I will buy a yard of gauze and 
 make a curtain to keep off the flies, still 
 leaving all the books in sight, to tempt me, as 
 you say, to fill up all my odd moments. I 
 wish I knew how to hang up my dresses as 
 well ; but I don't see any room upon the wall 
 for half I have. I suppose I have got twice 
 too many, but it was not my fault altogether. 
 The bureau will hold all my small things, and 
 this cupboard the remainder ; but don't you 
 think dresses are better hung up ?" 
 
 " Certainly, and I have provided for that, too, 
 without taking up any room. This curtain 
 you will never want to draw back any further 
 than the foot of -the bed ; there, see, it draws 
 back so far and stops, leaving it hanging 
 between your beds. Now look again, from 
 the iron rod that holds the curtains, I have 
 suspended these little brass hooks by these 
 cords, upon which, if you like, you can hang 
 twenty dresses, and Lillie will hang hers on 
 the other side. Then we will pin a light 
 
MAKINO MOST OF LITTLE KOCM. 4:1 
 
 calico curtain over the whole, and they will 
 be ju&t as well protected from dust as though 
 in your wardrobe that cost a hundred dollars." 
 
 " I declare, Mrs. Savery, I never saw your 
 equal for making a small house answer all the 
 purposes of a large one. Oh, if Charley 
 Goodman knew how much I have already 
 learned, he would think my year of schooling 
 well paid for, if I learned nothing more. I 
 have got new ideas new hopes brighter 
 prospects. If I go on in the same way 
 gathering really useful information, I shall 
 make him a wife, such as he never dreamed 
 of. I must commence hanging up my dresses 
 at once, and to-morrow I will get some stuff 
 and make a curtain for both sides for Lillie 
 and myself. She has not hung hers yet." 
 
 u No ; this is a new arrangement, made to 
 suit the necessity of the occasion. When your 
 parents applied to us, your father did not see 
 how it would be possible for us to accommo- 
 date you without discommoding ourselves. 
 My husband told him that was one of the 
 lessons he was most anxious to teach a rich 
 man's family, how to be comfortable, and 
 
42 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 all the necessary conveniences of life in a 
 small house, and thus save a great deal of ex- 
 pensive rents. He says we are living in an 
 extravagant period, and that economy is almost 
 lost sight of, and hence so many disastrous 
 failures. 
 
 There now, don't your dresses hang nice. 
 Do you begin to see that you have plenty of 
 room, for all your things, and nothing seems 
 crowded. That book-case is really orna- 
 mental. Lillie will be surprised and delighted 
 when she comes from school." 
 
 " I hope she will be as well pleased with her 
 room-mate, as with her books and other 
 things." 
 
 " That depends upon the disposition of both 
 of you. I have no fears upon that point. 1 
 think the benefit may be mutual, of your asso- 
 ciating together. There are many things that 
 you have learned at school, and in your inter- 
 course with polished society, that you can ex- 
 change with Lillie for what she has learned of 
 the more practical affairs of life. Do you 
 think you will be able to arrange all your 
 things satisfactorily ?" 
 
ECONOMY IN FURNITURE. 43 
 
 " I can see a place for everything but my 
 writing desk. I think I shall have to buy a 
 little table to stand there by the window, just 
 to hold that, as it will take up too much room 
 on the work-table." 
 
 " That is all provided for. Your mother 
 spoke about that, and when Mr. Savery comes 
 home this evening, he will bring a broad shelf 
 and screw it upon the window sill, which will 
 hold your desk just as well as a table that 
 would cost two or three dollars, while the 
 shelf will only cost as many cents." 
 
 "And will be just as good. How easily 
 you do teach me economy." 
 
 "That should be taught and practised in 
 everything. One of these days I will tell you 
 a pleasant story about a family of my acquain- 
 tance that commenced life in a log cabin, and 
 how they got along very happily upon such a 
 email beginning, as would frighten some of our 
 city people." 
 
 "There now, with your assistance and ad- 
 vice, I am getting all my things disposed of so 
 nicely. Now I wish that empty trunk was 
 
44 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 at home again ; it will only be in the way 
 here." 
 
 " Far from it. Did I not see in your room 
 at the hotel, a lounge about the size of that 
 trunk. Your mother took her seat upon it, 
 when you asked her to take the rocking-chair, 
 saying that she preferred the lounge. Would 
 you like to have such a one here for her to sit 
 upon, if she likes it, when she calls to visit 
 you?" 
 
 " Certainly ; but not so expensive. I sup- 
 pose that cost thirty or forty dollars." 
 
 " And you can have just as good a one for 
 one-tenth of that sum, and find a place for 
 your trunk, where it won't be in your way." 
 
 " Oh, do tell me how. You are so full of 
 contriving, and money and labor saving, that 
 it does seem as though you could not take a 
 step without learning me something. Do you 
 mean to buy such a lounge as that in Lillie's 
 room. I should be perfectly satisfied with 
 that ; it is neat and good, but still I don't ex- 
 actly understand what that has to do about 
 disposing of my trunk." 
 
THE MAGIC CHAIR. 4:5 
 
 " We will exercise a little of the magic art 
 of house-keeping, and with a wave of our 
 wand, transform the trunk into a useful, orna- 
 mental piece of furniture. Look here." 
 
 She walked over to where the lounge was 
 standing and lifted the cushion on to a chair, 
 and reached down under a little border ap- 
 pended around the upper edge for orna- 
 ment. 
 
 There was a little click like turning a key in 
 a lock, and presto, change, the pretty lounge 
 was transformed into an open trunk. Salinda 
 uttered an expression of astonishment, and 
 declared she should not be surprised to see the 
 table turn into a big arm-chair. 
 
 " You need not ; but I thought you already 
 understood that secret. Come with me into 
 our room." 
 
 There was a neat little round table standing 
 in the centre of the room. At a touch it 
 opened one half wheeled round, . and there 
 eat Mrs. Savery in the other half, a very com- 
 fortable arm chair, with her writing table 
 before her, with all its conveniences. 
 
 " Fou Bee how easy it is to transform furni- 
 
6 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 ture, and make articles serve a double purpose. 
 This is an excellent contrivance for small 
 rooms like ours. Mr. Savery saw one of these 
 exhibited at some fair, and the patentee gave 
 him permission to build one for himself. But 
 let me show you about the trunk. You will 
 want about four yards of this sort of furniture 
 covering ; it will cost 37 cents a yard ; and 
 you will want as many yards of stout muslin, 
 to make the cushions. One is made fast to the 
 trunk and covered, and the other in shape of a 
 large pillow to sit up against the wall, or lay 
 down to rest upon thus. The lower part of the 
 trunk is just covered with the cloth slightly 
 stuffed to prevent the heads of the trunk nails 
 from being seen, or felt. If at any time the 
 trunk is wanted, for travelling, the whole can 
 be taken off in five minutes. You shall covei 
 yours with stuff to match Lillie's, and then if 
 you should wish you can set the two together, 
 and form a very comfortable place to lodge, 01 
 in case of slight indisposition to lounge neai 
 the window and work, or read, or sleep. 
 
 " I am surprised Mrs. Savery at your fertility 
 of invention. But you have underrated the 
 
MATTRESS MAKING. 4:7 
 
 cost. You forgot the expense of the hair for 
 cushions." 
 
 " No, I did not ; but you are deceived, it ia 
 not hair ; although it looks and feels so much 
 like it. It is moss generally called Spanish 
 moss. It grows in long festoons upon all the 
 trees of extensive forests in Mississippi, Louisi- 
 ana, and other Southern States. If well pre- 
 pared it is better than poor hair. There is 
 another cheap article for cushions and mat- 
 tresses lately introduced called German grass. 
 It is a product of the sea." 
 
 " Pray tell me if your nice mattresses are all 
 made of moss?" 
 
 " All but one, and that is the poorest in the 
 house. "We bought that as it is." 
 
 "Bought that as it is? Did you not buy 
 them all as they are ?" 
 
 "Oh no, we made them ourselves. They 
 are better and cheaper than we could buy 
 them. It is a very easy job to make a mat- 
 tress." 
 
 " Did you ever use cotton for mattresses ?" 
 
 "No; I was inclined to do so, but Mr 
 Savery soon convinced me that it is not a good 
 
ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 material. It is so much of a non-conductor 
 that it grows hot under the body, and some- 
 times gets damp and musty, and of course 
 unhealthy. Cotton packs together too closely. 
 It is not as good either, for covering, as gene- 
 rally used in thick comforters, as blankets. 
 Cotton batting after a little use gets so matted 
 that it is almost as impervious to air, as an 
 India rubber coat." 
 
 "What are your lower mattresses made of?" 
 
 "Some are corn husks, some straw, some 
 German grass, and we have one made of beech 
 leaves. I like that best of all. The material 
 is very cheap, sweet, clean, and durable, and 
 sufficiently elastic. Anything is better than 
 feathers, to sleep upon." 
 
 " I don't know how you find time to make 
 everything." 
 
 " Time is provided by the good giver of all 
 gifts, for us all to use for our benefit, and if 
 we only improve it as we should, we never 
 shall know what it is to want time to do 
 everything necessary for our comfort. I 
 endeavor to economize time, as well as every- 
 thing else, and teach my children to do the 
 
THE RAG CAKPET. 49 
 
 same. I never task them, so that their time 
 drags heavy, and thus they make work a 
 recreation. If you should ask Li Hie, and 
 Frank, and Susan, when they found time to 
 make this carpet, they could hardly tell you." 
 
 " You don't mean to say this is home made 
 too?" 
 
 " Not altogether. Yet it is all the product 
 of home labor. The girls prepared the rags, 
 and the weaver found the warp, and gave us 
 half the piece." 
 
 "Where did you get the materials ?" 
 
 u By never wasting a rag. Every family 
 could save old clothes enough in a few years, 
 to make a rag carpet. I must acknowledge, 
 however, in this case, that we got a great part 
 of our stock from a friend. Mrs. Doolittle 
 saw us at work one day and offered to give 
 me a barrel full of old clothes, 'just fit for 
 carpet rags.' She said she was sure she 
 should be glad to get rid of them, though 
 it grieved me to see such waste. There were 
 coats that could not have cost less than $30 
 each, and pants, and boys' clothes, and one 
 fine cape that had been worn by the girls, 
 
ECONOMY ILLUSIKATED. 
 
 with a great spot of paint on it ; arid the 
 whole so eaten by moths as to spoil them for 
 anything but carpet rags. And then to think 
 that every moth could have been kept away 
 with a sixpence worth of camphor gum. And 
 that spot of paint, if treated when fresh, with 
 a little camphene, which is always the most 
 convenient of anything where it is used, or 
 with alcohol, or spirits of turpentine, could 
 have been washed out with five minutes' 
 labor." 
 
 " Probably it was thrown down in a pet, 
 when the accident happened, and never look- 
 ed at again." 
 
 " Yes, that is it, and so left for the moths to 
 destroy, and finally given away for carpet 
 rags, because the family never have any time 
 for such work themselves." 
 
 " What do they do ?" 
 
 " You shall go and see one of these days ; 
 or I will tell you, and you can afterwards see 
 if I am correct. Mr. Doolittle was a country 
 blacksmith, living on a little farm all his own, 
 surrounded with country comforts. On the 
 plea of educating the two girls, his w'fe per- 
 
YOUNG LADIES' OCCUPATION. 51 
 
 suaded him to move into town, and extend 
 his business. He has been very successful, 
 and has need to be, but he works like a slave, 
 and his wife and the ' young ladies,' are 
 ashamed to have him come to the table when 
 they have company, because he looks so ; he 
 is not dressed as they are, who never lift a fin- 
 ger for any useful labor. Mrs. Doolittk 
 keeps a cook and two chambermaids, and 
 hires a woman to do her 4 fine washing.' She 
 is for ever in the street, or making calls, and 
 three nights in the week at the theatre or 
 some concert. The girls work green lions, 
 and blue parrots, in red landscapes, in worsted 
 work for chair bottoms that are never used ; 
 and paint odd-looking animals, among odder- 
 looking folks who are supposed to live in 
 remarkable houses, which the mother calls 
 everybody to look at, as * my daughter's first 
 effort.' It is an effort to look at it without 
 laughing at folly, or crying at such a waste of 
 time." 
 
 " I declare I shall be careful never to 
 expose any of my fancy work to such a bitter 
 critic." 
 
52 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 "Bitter! Is truth bitter? It is only so to 
 those who feel guilty of such a waste of time. 
 But it is not worse wasted than in their read- 
 ing." 
 
 " Why Mrs. Savery, don't you approve of 
 reading works of fiction novels or works not 
 strictly confined to actual incidents of life ?" 
 
 " Certainly I do, such books as these ; but 
 for girls like Mrs. Doolittle's daughters to 
 read all night long such books as those 
 written by Paul De Kock, or George Sand, 
 or even the ghostly stories of Harrison Ains- 
 worth, The Mysteries of Udolpho, or similar 
 things destructive as such re f .^ng is to the 
 body, it is still more so t- aie mind, and no 
 girl can maintain her purity in such a hot-bed 
 of moral disease. If nothing worse happens, 
 it is more than likely, that the mind will be 
 so corrupted by lascivious books perused in 
 solitude that health, happiness, and life will 
 be sacrificed upon this burning altar of 
 Moloch." 
 
 " You make me fairly tremble at the conse- 
 quences of such reading. But I am glad that 
 you do not deprecate all works of fiction." 
 
NOVEL READING. 53 
 
 " By no means. The most attractive form 
 in which history can be taught is in romance. 
 Even religion and morals may be dressed in 
 a garb purely fictitious, and made to serve a 
 holy purpose. The very worst and most dan- 
 gerous immoralities of our social system, may 
 be so treated in works of a fictitious character, 
 that the reader will learn to avoid the danger 
 Look at the temperance tales of T. S. 
 Arthur, and many others : how much good 
 they have done. But reading, like eating, or 
 drinking, or sleeping, or labor, should never 
 be carried to an excess. No young mind can 
 properly digest a whole volume upon any 
 subject, at one hasty perusal. No one should 
 read more than an hour or two at a time. You 
 might as well try to eat enough at once to last 
 a week, or do a month sleeping all in one nap. 
 Habitual novel readers get their minds so cor- 
 rupted ; the senses so dulled by continual over- 
 doses, that they are only content to glance 
 through a novel so as to get at the main inci- 
 dents of the story, and the more extravagant 
 and exciting those are, the better they are 
 
54 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 pleased with the book, which has no valuo in 
 their eyes, after having been thus superficially 
 read." 
 
 " I wish you would give me a catalogue of 
 such books as you would recommend for a 
 small family library." 
 
 " There come the children from school, and 
 Lillie w^ll furnish you with one I have already 
 prepared for her. It might be greatly ex- 
 tended, but you will find in it the names of 
 some admirable volumes that will never grow 
 old and useless." 
 
 Lillie and Frank came bounding up stairs 
 full of natural curiosity to see the new comer 
 and all her things. They first gave a respect- 
 ful greeting to their mother, as they always 
 did after a day's absence, and at night they 
 never parted from her or each other without 
 a kiss, and never met in the morning without 
 a pleasant recognition, sometimes expressed in 
 their native tongue, and sometimes in French, 
 which they were studying. From her mother, 
 Lillie turned to ^alinda and gave her hand, 
 saying : 
 
THE YOUNG FOLKS' GREETING. 55 
 
 "Miss Lovewell, I am sincerely delighted 
 to see you in our house, and in this room, 
 where I hope we shall spend some pleasant 
 and profitable hours together. I am glad to 
 see how soon you are getting your things 
 arranged as though you intend to be at home." 
 
 And this, thought Salinda, comes from a 
 girl a mere common school girl, only fifteen 
 years old, whose manners are superior to half 
 the boarding-school young ladies in the coun- 
 try. Oh, I shall love her, I know I shalL 
 She felt as though she could clasp her to her 
 heart, her words, her tone, and manner were 
 all so kind. 
 
 " Indeed Lillie, I feel at home. Your 
 mother has been so kind, and showed and 
 helped me so much it is no wonder that I have 
 got along so well. Indeed I shall be happy 
 here, and as to the profit of the association, I 
 fear I shall derive the whole of that. I must 
 stipulate for one thing in the very outset, how- 
 ever. You must not call me Miss Lovewell. 
 It is too formal. It will be more familiar 
 more sisterly to call me Salinda. And Frank, 
 brother Frank, you must call me so too." 
 
56 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 In her gushing affection she caught Frank 
 in her arms and kissed him heartily. 
 
 If anything was lacking to tighten the cords 
 of affection between her and the whole family, 
 this little act completed it. 
 
 " May I call her sister," said Frank, looking 
 up for approval of his mother, whose look, nod, 
 or word was law with him, that he never ap- 
 pealed from. 
 
 " With all my heart, if she is willing, and 
 you always act like a brother. It is the way 
 all should live, who dwell under the same 
 roof together." 
 
 " And I never will offend you again by the 
 formal appellation of Miss Lovewell, while 
 you call my brother yours also. But oh, 
 what a sight of things, and what a pretty case 
 of books. May I look at them ?" 
 
 " Certainly, just as though they were your 
 own and Frank too." 
 
 "But remember, children, to use them as 
 though they were another's, and always return 
 them to their places. It is an act of fashion- 
 able wickedness, to borrow and keep books, 
 and it is equally bad to misuse them." 
 
EVENING READING. 57 
 
 " Oh mother, here is ' Father Brighthopes,' 
 that cousin Josephine wrote to us about, whose 
 character reminded her so much of uncle 
 Ephraim. We must have it for some of OUT 
 evening readings. The old man's cheerful 
 disposition cures a whole family of the disease 
 of ill temper, and creates happiness in every 
 circle he enters. And here is another work 
 by the same author, called 'Iron Thorpe,' 
 another good preacher of peace on earth and 
 good will to men. We will read that too. 
 Are you fond of reading loud, Salinda, 
 because we all take turns at our evening read- 
 ings?'" 
 
 "I have never practised any, but will do 
 my best. It belongs, I presume, to your gene- 
 ral system of economy. All can work, or rest, 
 and listen to the reader, and all be equally 
 interested." 
 
 "That is not all," said Mrs. Savery, "it 
 elicits conversation upon the topic treated of, 
 and brings out explanation to children, of 
 obscure passages. It is far better than any 
 evening schools. It teaches old and young." 
 
 " And here is another valuable work. It is 
 3* 
 
58 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 Lossing'sl'ictorial History of the United States. 
 Have you read it Salinda ?" 
 
 " No, but I will, since you commend it so 
 highly." 
 
 " Oh, I have learned more of our history by 
 just looking over the pictures and reading her e, 
 and there a sentence, than I could in six 
 months' study of our old school history. 
 
 "Why here is the Charter Oak, and here is 
 Peter Stuyvesant, the old Dutch Governor of 
 New York, who planted the pear tree, brother 
 Frank, that you read about the other day in 
 the New York Tribune, which has borne fruit 
 two hundred years. And here is a block 
 house ; well, I never knew what a block house 
 v as before. 
 
 " Oh, here is a pretty little book with such 
 a queer title I declare we must read this to- 
 night." 
 
 " What is it, sister Lillie ?" 
 
 " Lucy's Half-crown ; how she earned it and 
 how she spent it. With some hints on the art 
 of making people happy without money. 
 Dear me, if it will do that, I would go around 
 and read it to ever so many poor people that 
 
BOOKS TO BE KEA1). 59 
 
 I know. It must be a good book for children. 
 But did you ever read the Lu Lu books? 
 They were written on purpose for children. 
 Ah, here is one that father will like. It is 
 Physiology and Phrenology, by Mrs. L. N". 
 Fowler. But the title page says it is designed 
 for children and youih. Let us see what it 
 says." 
 
 "Why, Lillie, are you going through the 
 whole book-case? it is near tea-time. I ex- 
 pect your father every minute." 
 
 " Oh no, mother, but let me read one sen- 
 tence in this book. 
 
 " We were not created to serve and please ourselves 
 alone, while we are surrounded by friends and acquaint- 
 ances." 
 
 "Love of approbation is one of the strongest motives and 
 incentives to all our actions." 
 
 " Don't you like that, mother? I do. I think 
 that will be an interesting book. Have you 
 read it, Salinda ?" 
 
 " Not yet. It is one I lately bought." 
 " Oh, here is one that we must study well. 
 Mother, you told me about it ; and that I 
 
60 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 must read it as soon as I got old enough to 
 understand it fully." 
 
 " What is it ?" 
 
 " Domestic Economy for Young Ladies at 
 Home, by Catherine E. Beecher." 
 
 " Ah, that is one my mother said I must 
 read, also. It is not a new work, but a very 
 good one. Was you going to read something, 
 Lillie ?" 
 
 " Only one sentence. I think your mother 
 had just been reading it when she decided for 
 you to come and live with my mother. This 
 is it : 
 
 " ' Whether rich or poor, young or old, married or single, 
 a woman is always liable to be called to the performance 
 of every kind of domestic duty, as well as to be placed at 
 the head of a family ; and nothing short of a practical 
 knowledge of the details of housekeeping can ever make 
 those duties easy, or render her competent to direct others 
 in their performance.' " 
 
 " And very truthful it is too, and very 
 important that both of you, girls, should 
 treasure it up in your memory. It is the 
 poorest economy in the world for a mother 
 to hire a servant to sweep and clean her 
 
BOOKS AND THEIR CONTENTS. 61 
 
 daughter's chamber. Sleeping is a healthy 
 exercise, and the dust in a well-kept room is 
 never as bad as you often encounter in the 
 street, or on the rail road. In sweeping a 
 carpet, some damp substance should always 
 be used not sand, as some recommend. Tea 
 leaves, or bran, any kind of leaves wet and 
 scattered over the floor will keep down the 
 dust. Never use a broom for any other 
 purpose, that you use upon a carpet. What 
 have you now, Lillie ?" 
 
 " It is the Elements of Character, by Mary 
 G. Chandler." 
 
 " Ah, that is a good book. There is a very 
 sensible chapter upon the subject of works of 
 imagination." 
 
 " Here is a passage ; one perhaps that you 
 allude to mother. I will read a few lines : 
 
 " Let the moralist talk and write against this as he may, 
 it will be of no use, for the mass of human minds will never 
 take an interest in any book that does not address itself to 
 the imagination." 
 
 " That is very true. But works of imagina- 
 tion are not all works of mere fiction. They 
 may portray scenes of real life, in an imagina- 
 
62 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 tive form and attractive language Do yon 
 understand ? Suppose any one who knows us 
 all very well should imagine what is our con- 
 versation and write it down, it would be a 
 work of imagination, yet not fiction, because 
 it would contain much truth, and a fair picture 
 of our every-day life, and if well done, the 
 reader would imagine he saw each of us, and 
 knew something of our character. It would 
 be a work of imagination of both writer and 
 reader." 
 
 " Now, mother, here is a book I should like 
 to have one like. It is the Youth's Letter 
 Writer. You have always told me that to be 
 able to write a good letter, was one of the best 
 accomplishments for a child." 
 
 " Which one is that, Lillie I have several." 
 
 " This is by Mrs. John Farrar. It appears 
 to me as I glance over it, not only to give 
 instructions in .letter- writing, but in punctua- 
 tion, syntax, &c. I shall look into that." 
 
 "I told you, Salinda," said Mrs. Savery, 
 " that the first thing Lillie would see when she 
 came in, would be the book-case." 
 
 " Do look here, mother ; here is not only the 
 
PUNCTUALITY. 63 
 
 Complete Cook-book, but all the family. Let 
 me see : one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, 
 comprising cooking and all sorts of house- 
 work, amusements and economical articles. 
 And here is, the American Frugal Housewife, 
 dedicated to those who are not ashamed of 
 economy that will suit us. 
 
 And what is this? Oh, there comes father." 
 And away she bounded down stairs to tell 
 him all the news in advance, before he sat 
 down to tea. The others followed, Mrs. Sa- 
 vory remarking u that clock-work was not 
 more regular than her husband, and that 
 Susan's bell would ring in two minutes if they 
 were not down in that time after he shut the 
 front door. Every family should have regular 
 hours for meals, and every family should be 
 punctual. Nothing distuibs the equanimity 
 ot temper in a woman worse than waiting for 
 people to come down to breakfast, or other 
 meals when they have nothing in the world to 
 hinder them. It is bad economy too, for she 
 can do nothing while waiting, and many a 
 good hour is lost by such inattention. 
 
 Mr. Savery was one of those warm-hearted 
 
64 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 men that send a thrill to the heart through 
 the honest meaning shake of the hand. He 
 did more than that to Salinda. He looked 
 upon her more like an elder daughter just 
 returned from a long absence indeed it was 
 some six years since he had seen her and he 
 not only took her by the hand, but he took her 
 in his arms and gave her a most affectionate 
 kiss, bidding her welcome to her new home 
 with a smile, she told her mother, "that 
 seemed to come from the heart, and spread 
 over his face with a radiance of love. It is no 
 wonder that his children love him so who 
 could help it?" 
 
 It is certain that Salinda, with her warm 
 nature, could not, if she had tried, which was 
 the furthest thing from her mind. 
 
 Strange feelings too, this embrace gave her. 
 It was the first fond parental one she had ever 
 received since she was a child. 
 
 Her father was a good father, and fond of 
 this his only child, but he was one of those 
 precise pieces of formality that never kiss a 
 wife or grown-up daughter, for fenr it might 
 :t spoil her ;" or because it looked so childish 
 
PARENTAL AFFECTION AND ITS EFFECTS. 65 
 
 to be always petting one. And Salinda would 
 as soon have thought of putting her arms 
 around a marble statue and kissing its cold 
 lips, as offering such an act of affection to her 
 father. It was this that made her feel now as 
 though she had suddenly burst into a new ex- 
 istence. 
 
 "I felt," she wrote years afterwards, "as 
 though a chain that had hitherto held me in a 
 cold atmosphere had suddenly broke, and I 
 bounded forward into a life of love. I knew 
 from that moment I was a better girl, and pre- 
 pared to be a wiser and a happier woman. If 
 that chain had not been broken, I might have 
 carried that same cold heart to my husband's 
 arms, and never known the blessed influence oi 
 fond affection, which has been the soother of 
 every affliction, and given me strength to per- 
 form all the duties of a wife and mother. I 
 give credit to that first fond embrace, and its 
 subsequent teachings, for much of my happy 
 life's enjoyments." 
 
 Salinda was a little surprised to see Lillie 
 take the seat opposite the tea things, instead 
 
66 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 of her mother. The latter saw what was pas- 
 sing in her mind and said : 
 
 " I am learning Lillie, while I am well, to 
 do what her father would require if I was sick, 
 or away. I shall ask you to take the same 
 place by and by." 
 
 When all were seated, Mr. Savery said, 
 "Are we all ready ? Then let us ask Him who 
 giveth food, to give us thankful hearts." 
 
 For a minute all were silent, and then Lillie 
 took up the tea-pot, and offered her mother a 
 cup of tea. Mrs. Savery replied, "To-night, at 
 least, Salinda is a stranger you will serve her 
 first. That is a simple act of good breeding." 
 
 ISTow each member offered to another such 
 dishes as were convenient to the offerer, until 
 all were served. 
 
 Salinda was struck with admiration of the 
 table furniture. Mr. Savery was a man in 
 humble circumstances, yet the service was 
 rich, though very plain. The sugar bowl, 
 cream jug, spoons, and forks were all silver. 
 The tea-pot was some cheaper, though good 
 white metal. The crockery was all pure 
 
THE TEA TABLE. 67 
 
 white, plain stone china, laid upon a clean oil- 
 cloth. There was white and brown home-made 
 bread, and sweet butter, baked apples sugared, 
 cheese, and corned beef. Enough certainly, 
 but Mrs. Savery said she would venture to say 
 that Susan had something else to surprise 
 them with. Lillie said, "Father you were not 
 home to dinner, and you must be hungry." 
 
 Away she ran and brought a nice plate of 
 cold baked beans and a slice of sweet fat pork. 
 It is a universal Yankee dish, and a very good 
 and economical one. 
 
 " Thank you pet," said Mr. Savery, " you 
 know my taste exactly. But you should not 
 oifer a dish to one at table without offering 
 to all." 
 
 All declined, but she said, "You have 
 learned me something which I will remember." 
 
 "I told you so," said Mrs. Savery; "I 
 never knew her to fail, if any stranger was 
 here. What have you there Susan ?" 
 
 " Only some little corn cakes for Lillie and 
 Frank, they are so fond of them." 
 
 She set down a plate of cakes about as large 
 around as the rim of a coffee cup, and about a- 
 
68 ECONOMY ILLUS1RATKD. 
 
 quarter of an inch thick. Salinda thought 
 them delicious ; she had ne\ er seen anything 
 like them before. 
 
 "How are they made? I am so ignorant of 
 everything, that I shall appear to you a perfect 
 know-nothing." 
 
 Susan was called in for an explanation. 
 
 "I mix the meal and water, with a little 
 Bait, into a well-lmeaded, stiff dough, and then 
 I take a lump in my hands and flat it down 
 nearly as thin as this. So I go on till I get all 
 I want laid upon my pie board " 
 
 Mrs. Savery interrupted her with a remark 
 that, "Susan never put dough on the table, no 
 matter how small the batch." 
 
 " Sometimes I add a little flour as I finish 
 kneading. Then I pass the rolling-pin over 
 them till all are of an even thickness. Then I 
 have my griddle hot, and lift the cakes on a 
 broad bladed cake turner it is like a painter's 
 Bpatula and then clap a hot lid of a bake- 
 oven over them, taking care not to scorch 
 them, and I don't care how hot the lid is. It 
 is the only way that corn meal can be cooked 
 quick. It needs more cooking than any other 
 
TEA-TABLE TAI K. 69 
 
 kind of bread-stuff. Do you think these are as 
 good as usual? I did not think of making 
 them until just as you were coming down. 
 I had to hurry a little too much." 
 
 All expressed themselves pleased, and Salin- 
 da took particular notice of the directions for 
 making, as she thought them truly delicious, 
 and all the better that the cost was so trifling. 
 
 Frank held up his saucer to Lillie, and sim- 
 ply said, " If you please, sister." She under- 
 stood him, and poured it full of sweet milk. 
 Turning to Salinda she said, "Do follow 
 Frank's example you don't know how nice 
 these wafers that is what we call them are 
 in milk." She did follow suit, and thought 
 she had never tasted a sweeter morsel of 
 wholesome food in her life. 
 
 " I have eaten mush or as Barlow calls it 
 in his poem, hasty pudding and milk, but I 
 am not fond of it, for it always seems to me 
 that it has a raw taste." 
 
 "That is because it is hasty pudding," 
 paid Susan. " Mush cannot be cooked In less 
 than one hour, and it is better to be cooked 
 four hours. I am very careful to stir my meal 
 
70 ECONOMY ILLUSTBAfED. 
 
 slowly into boiling water, so as to have no 
 lumps, and keep stirring it almost as long as I 
 can move the pudding-stick, and then let it 
 boil as long as it will blubber up, stirring it 
 frequently. I then set it off the hot fire and 
 let it simmer by the hour. If we are to have 
 mush for supper, I generally make it while the 
 range is hot with the dinner cooking, as well 
 to save fire, as that it is so much better." 
 
 "And still better, Susan," said Mr. Savery, 
 " when you fry it for breakfast. But after all, 
 the great secret in having anything good, is to 
 have it properly cooked." 
 
 " Not altogether sir, for the best cook in the 
 world cannot make good bread or mush of vso. *n 
 meal if it is badly ground. I recollect reading 
 when I was quite a child, in Judge Buel 's 
 paper, called the Cultivator, * that no grain 
 but corn could be absolutely spoiled for human 
 food, by being ground too fine,' I believe that 
 can ; for example, it increases in goodness 
 from corn flour, up to coarse hominy, or grains 
 of corn hulled." 
 
 "There is another thing you believe about 
 corn, Susan." 
 
ABOUT CORN MEAL. 71 
 
 " What is that, sir ? in the economy of its 
 use, and wholesomeness, if sufficiently cooked?" 
 
 " Yes, and that none but pure white corn 
 should ever be eaten by man." 
 
 " Yes, sir, I do ; because it contains more 
 starch and less oil, and always keeps sweeter. 
 The yellow variety is best to make pigs grow 
 fat fast. It is not so easily digested by human 
 stomachs." 
 
 " Susan, will you tell this young lady how 
 you keep a barrel of meal sweet 'through hot 
 weather?" 
 
 " I think sir, you might tell that, for you 
 showed me. It is very easy, though. Mr. 
 Savery just nailed three strips of board, about 
 two inches wide, into a triangular tube, and 
 bored it full of small holes, and I set that up 
 in the centre of my meal barrel, which allows 
 the air to reach the middle of the meal, and it 
 never gets musty." 
 
 "Somebody," said Mr. Savery, "has pa- 
 tented a process for keeping flour in the same 
 way, by inserting a tin tube." 
 
 " I don't see, father," said Lillie, " how flour 
 can spoil, when it is so perfectly dry." 
 
72 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 "There is your error. A good barrel of 
 flour contains from twelve to sixteen pounds of 
 water. 
 
 All seemed astonished at this, but none 
 doubted it, because Mr. Savery never made 
 such a statement before his children, without 
 good authority. 
 
 Salinda took up the silver sugar bowl to look 
 at the mark. It was perfectly plain, but solid 
 and strong. She wondered to herself whether 
 their table had been set with a few extras, be- 
 cause she was present. Mrs. Savery was pos- 
 sessed with large intuitive faculties. She 
 perceived what was in Salinda's thoughts, and 
 replied to them just as though they were 
 spoken. 
 
 " No, we never make any change in our 
 table it is the same in food and furnishing, 
 whether strangers are present or not. We use 
 silver, simply because it is economical ; so we 
 use it every day. In some families, it is kept 
 for show ; and so is a set of gilt china. We 
 have nothing but what is useful, and for every 
 day use, and we aim to have everything that 
 is necessary and convenient. We use an oil- 
 
TABLE FURNITURE. 73 
 
 cloth upon the tea table, because we deem a 
 table cloth unnecessary. "We use a white cloth 
 at breakfast and dinner, because we then have 
 meats with gravies, which if spilled accident- 
 ally will be absorbed by the cloth, and not run 
 off as they might from the oil-cloth and spoil 
 somebody's dress/ 7 
 
 " And," said Mr. Savery, " more than any- 
 thing else, because we are accustomed to the 
 sight of the white linen, and should not feel 
 quite satisfied without it. And that is the true 
 reason why we use many other things habits, 
 "ashion, long-continued use, without inquiring 
 why or wherefore, binds us in a perfect bond- 
 age. Half the women in large towns go to 
 their meals just as a slave goes to his; because 
 they are bid. They are not hungry, but the 
 hour has come. They never know what they 
 are to have upon their own table. They look 
 upon the ordinary duties of life as beneath 
 their notice, and therefore hire a housekeeper 
 to do just what every woman would be more 
 womanly if she did herself. If a mother lenda 
 her mind and hands to make her house a 
 happy home, she will rarely find occasion to 
 4 
 
74 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 complain of husband or children seeking 
 pleasure in improper places. 
 
 " One of the first duties of every woman, 
 whether a mother or not, who is placed at the 
 head of a family, should be to inform herself 
 of the quality of provisions, and how they 
 should be cooked, best to promote economy 
 and health. 
 
 " An article that is very suitable for winter 
 food, may be quite improper for summer. 
 For instance, fat meat, or strong animal food 
 of any kind, gives out heat to the body, while 
 fruits on the other hand are cooling. Buck- 
 wheat cakes, which we are so fond of in cold 
 weather, would not be at all suitable in mid- 
 Bummer. Again, food should be suited to the 
 different stages of life. What would nourish 
 an adult, would kill a babe. A hard laborer 
 can eat fat meat and crude vegetables; but 
 such a diet would never suit a literary person, 
 or any one that lives much within doors. The 
 more oxygen is taken into the lungs, the more 
 food can the stomach digest. Every person 
 who has the care of a family, should study 
 Baron Liebig's Familiar Letters on Chemistry, 
 
PROPER FOOD FOR MAN. 75 
 
 in which he gives the relative proportion of 
 flesh-producing and warmth-giving power of 
 various substances, which proves the value of 
 a variety of food. Sugar is one of the cheap- 
 est articles of human food, because it has a 
 great deal of the oxygen-feeding property con- 
 centrated in its substance ; but because of that 
 concentration it cannot be used alone. It 
 must be mixed with farinaceous food, or with 
 fruits, and eaten in small quantities at a time, 
 and then it may, in fact should be made a part 
 of our daily diet. Crude vegetables have but 
 very little of the life-sustaining principles in 
 their composition, yet they are extremely 
 valuable to distend the stomach, and mix with 
 the meat during the progress of digestion. A 
 man could not live upon sugar, starch, and 
 glue, notwithstanding they contain the very 
 substances that the chemical laboratory of the 
 stomach extracts from the coarser articles he 
 consumes. The stomach can create nothing. 
 It only digests, separates, appropriates or dis- 
 solves the different portions of food received. 
 If we are by the sea-side, or breathing dry 
 mountain air, or the cold air of winter, we 
 
6 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 ha\e no occasion to tickle our palates with 
 pickles, spices, or any of the various condi- 
 ments in use among the dwellers in cities, to 
 provoke an appetite. Almost everybody eats 
 too much. Children should never be tempted 
 to eat more than the stomach can readily 
 digest. Many mothers, by continually stuffing, 
 make gluttons of their children. 
 
 " Food has been so cheap in America, that 
 all classes have acquired a habit of over-eating, 
 particularly meats, and the consequence is a 
 national complaint of dyspepsia. 
 
 " The foundation of many a profligate's life 
 has been laid by an over-indulgent mother, 
 who incites an appetite, which must be after- 
 wards pampered. 
 
 "Few house-keepers understand the true 
 principles of preparing food in the best manner 
 to promote health ; and in many families, chil- 
 dren are allowed to partake of articles daily 
 seen upon the table, because their parents and 
 other adults do, that are positively injurious to 
 their infantile systems. No mother should 
 allow articles to be placed upon her table, 
 that experience teaches her are injurious to 
 
TRUE ART OF COOKERY. 77 
 
 any member of the family. And where she 
 lacks experience, education should furnish her 
 the power of discrimination. I would make 
 the act of preparing food, a part of the educa- 
 tion of every child, male or female, but parti- 
 cularly the latter. 
 
 , "To preserve all the nourishing qualities of 
 meat, and still leave it digestible, is the great 
 art of cookery. 
 
 "But, excuse me, wife, and you too, girls, I 
 am trenching on Mrs. Savery's ground. It is 
 for her to teach you the art of cooking. I 
 only intended to speak of the philosophy of 
 food, and not the details of preparation." 
 
 All expressed themselves deeply interested, 
 and begged him to go on. Mrs. Savery 
 remarked to Salinda, that she must expect to 
 hear these tea-table lectures frequently. 
 
 "True," said Mr. Savery, "I have always 
 made it a point, at this meal at least, for then 
 we have the most leisure, that my children 
 should always be able to say, 'I have learnt 
 one thing more than I knew before.' I think 
 the tea-table the most fitting place for a re^ 
 union of all the family, in the enjoyment of 
 
78 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 interchange of information. To us who labor 
 all day, it is a delightful relaxation, and soother 
 of our minds, after a day of toil. The tea-table 
 is the best place for a father to discover the 
 disposition of children, as well as a proper 
 place to teach them politeness. 
 
 " It is a great error with all who have the 
 charge of youth, particularly girls, that do- 
 mestic economy forms no part of their studies. 
 
 " Your mother was very right, when she said 
 that no girl was fit for a wife that did not 
 know how to prepare all the principal dishes 
 used in a family. It would save every one 
 days of pain and mortification, when she was 
 placed in a position to do her own work or 
 direct others how to do it, if she was taught 
 herself before that day of necessity arrived. 
 No lady ever felt happy and comfortable in 
 her own house, while she knew that her 
 kitchen girl knew more than her mistress. It 
 is the worst possible economy, thus to neglect 
 the education of a girl, because as a woman, 
 she cannot tell whether those in her employ 
 are wasteful or saving. I don't believe one 
 woman in ten knows how to perform the simple 
 
BOILING A PIECE OF MEAT. 79 
 
 operation of boiling a piece of meat. Do you 
 Salinda?" 
 
 " Why, yes sir, I have seen that done so 
 often, that I should not hesitate, though 1 
 might fail in more difficult cooking." 
 
 " Tell us then how you have seen meat pre- 
 pared for boiling." 
 
 " Our old cook at the school used to put 
 her meat in a pot of cold water in the morning 
 and let it soak, to grow tender, she said, till 
 towards noon, and then put it on a brisk fire 
 and keep it boiling as hard as possible till 
 done." 
 
 " And then throw away the pot liquor ?" 
 
 " ISTot at once. She always set it away to 
 get cold and then took off the fat. Of course 
 she would throw away the remainder what 
 else could she do with it ?" 
 
 "It is just as I expected. She threw away 
 nearly all the gelatine of the meat, and saved 
 the fibre for food, which contained but little 
 more sustenance than so much straw. Did 
 you ever observe the pot ".iquor when it looked 
 like jelly?" 
 
80 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " Yes sir, often ; but I did not know but 
 that was always boiled out of the meat." 
 
 " It cannot be boiled out ; but it is almost 
 always soaked out by just such a foolish pro- 
 cess as you describe. Cold water dissolves 
 the albumen of the flesh, and hot water 
 hardens it, or rather cooks it in the substance 
 of the meat. 
 
 " To satisfy yourself, break an egg in cold 
 water, and let it soak as long as the cook did 
 her meat, and then boil it and see what has 
 become of the white. It will be dissipated 
 through the water. Now dr ,p an egg into 
 boiling water, and see how quick the white 
 coagulates, and forms a compact mass around 
 the yolk. Jt is just so with a piece of beef. 
 It contains a somewhat similar substance, that 
 dissolves, or soaks out, in cold water, and is 
 lost, unless for soup, and then the meat always 
 should be put into cold water an hour or more 
 before it is put to boil. But meat that is to 
 be eaten, should never be soaked a minute in 
 cold water, but should be plunged at once all 
 over in water boiling hot. This at once eoagu- 
 
PHILOSOPHY OF BOASTING AND BOILING. 81 
 
 lates the albumen, all over the surface, and 
 prevents loss of weight or nutritive quality. 
 It is idle to try to force the pot to boil harder 
 as many do, because the heat of boiling water 
 cannot be increased, and meat will cook in a 
 temperature of 165 degrees. It only needs 
 the full heat of boiling water until the blood 
 and albumen is set, and then it cannot be dis- 
 solved and made to escape in the water. 
 
 " A piece of meat put down to roast, should 
 be brought as near a hot fire as possible at 
 first, and not suffered to heat and stew slowly. 
 Let the outside be slightly browned as soon as 
 possible and then you may cook slow. In fact 
 this rule will apply to almost everything 
 meat, fish, bread, vegetables. Potatoes should 
 never be put in cold water. If dropped one 
 by one into boiling water, they will never be- 
 come sodden. You heard what Susan said 
 of those little corn cakes she put them 
 between two hot irons until the outside was 
 crusted over that should be the rule with all 
 bread and meat, roasting, baking, or boiling, 
 unless you want to extract the juice of the 
 meat for soup. The great secret of the good- 
 4* 
 
82 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 ness of roast potatoes is, because they are put 
 into very hot ashes or embers, that cooks the 
 outside at once. 
 
 " There now, that will do for this evening's 
 lecture. If too long continued, we shall tire 
 our new pupil." 
 
THE SAVERYS BREAKFAST. 83 
 
 CHAFTEK III. 
 
 The Saverys Breakfast. 
 
 PRECISELY at six o'clock the next morning,- 
 Susan's bell rung for breakfast, and in pre- 
 cisely five minutes afterwards, all were seated 
 around a snow-white cloth, and a breakfast fit 
 for an epicure. It was now the month of 
 May, and Mr. and Mrs. Savery, and Frank, 
 had all been out in the garden at work for an 
 hour ; Lillie would have been with them, but 
 for Salinda and her books. It was delightful 
 when Lillie met her parents, to see how 
 pleasantly she said good morning mother 
 how do you do father are you well brother ; 
 and to hear their kind expressions towards 
 her and Salinda, made the latter feel a? 
 though she would not exchange her present 
 situation for hotel life, or boarding school, 
 upon any consideration whatever. 
 
 " Mother," said Lillie, " I shall serve you first 
 this morning, since Salinda begs that she may 
 
84 ECONOMY ILLUSTRA1ED. 
 
 not be treated as a stranger. Will you have 
 chocolate or tea ? We have discarded the 
 use of coffee/' said she, addressing herself to 
 Salinda, " but if you are wedded to it, I pre- 
 sume you can have it." 
 
 "Thank you, I never take anything but 
 black tea, not very strong, and only one cup 
 at a meal." 
 
 "Father will have chocolate, for that is 
 about half his breakfast." 
 
 As this meal was so much like our OWL 
 ideas of proper eating, we are inclined to give 
 some of the particulars. 
 
 The remainder of yesterday's dinner of 
 baked beans, was " warmed over," and the 
 pork cut in small slices, white and cold 
 on a plate. The little pieces of corned beef 
 iiad all been chopped into a fine hash, with 
 some potatoes. All the dry bread had been 
 made into a delicious dish of milk toast. 
 Frank had a few radishes from his early 
 planting, of which he was not a little proud. 
 But what took the eye of Salinda most, was a 
 smoking dish of grains of whole corn, us white 
 as snow. She had never seen anything like 
 
HOMINY AND ECONOMY. 85 
 
 it before. She had frequently seen what is 
 called hominy, or samp, or hulled corn, but 
 those dishes were unlike this, both in taste and 
 looks. She asked, of course, for informa- 
 tion. 
 
 " This is a regular breakfast dish with us," 
 said Mrs. Savery. " It is both nutritious and 
 wholesome." 
 
 " And economical," added Mr. Savery. 
 
 " Yes, and to very many, that is the most 
 important part of the consideration. For the 
 last year it has not cost much more per bushel 
 than the average price of potatoes ; and it cer- 
 tainly contains more than double the nutri- 
 ment, and not in too concentrated a form to 
 be healthy. This is corn hulled by machinery, 
 leaving the grain nearly whole. We often 
 make use of another kind of hominy, made by 
 cracking the grain more or less fine, the 
 coarser the better, in a common mill, and 
 then sifting and winnowing out the meal and 
 hulls. We rather prefer this sort, and on 
 account of a dollar going so much further in 
 a family when expended for hominy, instead 
 of potatoes at one or two dollars a bushel, this 
 
86 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 excellent dish ought to be more generally 
 known." 
 
 " How is it prepared ? I like the taste, and 
 your reasons for its use so well, that I am 
 anxious to learn the art of cooking it properly. 
 I am sure that which I have seen heretofore, 
 has not been prepared like this." 
 
 " Put it in soak over night in tepid water. 
 Boil it gently in a porcelain or tinned kettle, 
 at least two hours in the same water, adding 
 more if necessary, and taking care not to let 
 it scorch, and that all the water is absorbed 
 when taken off. Keep it in the same vessel, 
 warming it over from time to time, until con- 
 sumed." 
 
 " Do you add salt or butter ?" 
 
 "Never while cooking. Boil it in soft, 
 clear water only. At the table, you may 
 eat it with salt and butter, or sugar, or 
 in milk, or mix it with your meat gravy. 
 It is a good substitute for rice in a pudding. 
 It is excellent fried in a little bacon fat, like 
 mush, to a nice brown. We will try that 
 some morning." 
 
 " I am sure this is a secret worth knowing 
 
SECRETS WORTH KNOWING. 87 
 
 i have often thought how much is wasted in 
 some houses, and how little is known in all, 
 of the economy of purchasing and preparing 
 food. I have read somewhere, that one half 
 of the American people wasted enough to feed 
 the other half; and that the greatest kitchen 
 curse, was a frying pan ; but I never under- 
 stood why." 
 
 "It is because that meat cooked in that way, 
 is about the worst cooked of any way it can be 
 both for health and economy. I don't know 
 of but one thing worse than the smell of burnt 
 grease in the frying pan, and that is that it 
 should be taken into the stomach for digestion. 
 The usual practice in frying meat or anything 
 else, is to put only enough fat in the pan to 
 burn and blacken, and scorch the meat, or fish, 
 often giving it a bitter taste. If any article is 
 to be fried, fat enough to float it should be 
 used, and that heated as hot as possible without 
 scorching, and then plunge the meat, fish, 
 chicken, dough, potatoes, apples, &c., all over 
 in the hot fat at once. Fish cannot be fried 
 fit to eat, in any other way. Meat and 
 chicken can always be better cooked in some 
 
88 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 other way, besides frying. Fried potatoes and 
 fried apples, if properly done, are very good 
 food. Fried cakes, or dough-nuts, are a great 
 Yankee dish, but are often badly cooked. They 
 are fried in too little lard, and soaked with 
 burnt grease, forming a most unhealthy com- 
 pound. I shall endeavor to tell you by and 
 by several methods of cooking meats, both 
 economical and healthy. For instance, a stew 
 that we often have and which is eaten with a 
 good relish, is made of a pound of beef, that 
 fried or broiled, would have looked like a very 
 diminutive breakfast for half a dozen persons. 
 Now, with the addition of two or three pota- 
 toes, and the gravy of our last roast, thickened 
 with crumbs of stale bread, it makes an ample 
 breakfast for us all." 
 
 " Yes mother,'- said Frank, " and the gravy 
 on the hominy is most delicious. Besides, the 
 meat is a great deal more tender than it would 
 be fried." 
 
 "You are taking lessons all round," said 
 Mr. Savery to Salinda, laughing heartily. 
 
 "And for which I am truly thankful. J 
 shall endeavor to profit by all I hear and seo, 
 
WORK FOR THE DAY. 89 
 
 Are you going now sir ? I hope 1 have not 
 detained you." 
 
 " Not long. "We generally take our time to 
 eat all our meals. I consider it about the 
 worst waste of time to eat in a hurry. Susan, 
 will you give me my dinner pail. I shall see 
 you again at six. Good bye." 
 
 Lillie was not to be cheated of what she had 
 always been accustomed to, because a stranger 
 was present, and she ran after him into the 
 entry, and a slight sound followed, such as has 
 often betrayed a kiss in the dark. 
 
 "Now Salinda," said Mrs. Savery, "how 
 have you apportioned your time for the day ? 
 for there is as much in economy of expendi- 
 ture of time, as in the expenditure of money. 
 Frank, what are you going to do ?" 
 
 " I shall work an hour in the garden, before 
 school, and then I shall 'wash my face and 
 comb my hair,' and you know the rest ;" and 
 away he ran to his work, whistling a merry 
 catch to the mocking-bird that hung from his 
 mother's window, which the bird at once took 
 up and repeated, and so they echoed each 
 other. 
 
90 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 Salinda replied to the question addressed to 
 her, that she had taken the matter into consid- 
 eration, and asked Mrs. Savery for Lillie's 
 company half an hour to go out and buy the 
 stuff for the gauze curtain for the books ; the 
 calico curtain for the dresses, and the stuff for 
 the lounge. 
 
 " And while you are out, you may buy some 
 stuff for a mosquito net, which you will want 
 by and by, and may as well have on hand. I 
 offered to get it, but your mother would not 
 listen to it. She said, ' I want Salinda to begin 
 to provide everything for herself.' It is all 
 very well. You may get your hat on at once, 
 Lillie, as instead of half an hour, it will take 
 a full one, and by that time you will have to 
 get ready for school." 
 
 " And when I return," said Salinda, "I shall 
 work till about eleven o'clock, and then I have 
 an engagement with Susan in the kitchen." 
 
 " I wonder what is on hand ?" said Lillie. 
 
 " Nothing unusual ; I am only going to take 
 my first lesson in bread-making, and learn how 
 to do that very difficult piece of cooking, boil 
 a potatoe." 
 
MOSQUITO NETS. 91 
 
 " In buying your mosquito net," said Mrs. 
 Savery, as they were going out, " recollect that 
 of all colors, green is the best for the eye to 
 rest upon as it wakes in the morning, and red 
 or pink the worst. A light blue is very good, 
 and a rather more durable color. White soils 
 too easily. For the curtain, a drab ground, 
 with a small sprig or vine would be pretty. 
 I always select calicoes or carpets, with figures 
 that have some meaning something that re- 
 presents something in nature. Everything of 
 that kind ought to be made useful rather than 
 fanciful. For instance, a carpet might be 
 made a complete study of tropical plants, in 
 natural colours, the names and uses of which 
 could readily be learned by children." 
 
 Thank you, for these useful hints, particu- 
 larly as to colors, not only now but for the 
 future." 
 
 "Lillie," said Salinda as they were going 
 down the street, " what color is your mosquito 
 bar?" 
 
 " It was a light blue, but I believe it is 
 among the things that were. I suppose mo- 
 ther will get a new one, as she says it is bet- 
 
92 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 4 
 
 ter to pay the expense of a net, than to be tor- 
 mented a single night with one mosquito. 
 And then, in case of a little indisposition, they 
 are so good to keep off the flies. My father 
 says it would be good economy for any farmer 
 to pay for mosquito nets to enable his hired 
 men to sleep well; they would do so much 
 more work." 
 
 Salinda had obtained the information she 
 wanted. She merely wanted to know that 
 Lillie's bed was unprovided, so that she might 
 buy two nets just alike, as well as two cur- 
 tains to shield the dresses; for she already 
 felt that she could not do enough to pay for 
 all the useful information she was daily obtain- 
 ing from every member of this family. 
 
 She said nothing of her intentions, but 
 managed to give them all a pleasant little sur- 
 prise one day, to find a net up at each bed 
 exactly alike. 
 
 She chose for the curtain, a piece of calico, 
 with a drab ground like ground color, she 
 said with a delicate sprig of the hop in full 
 bearing. u The very sight," said she, " maj 
 have a sort of magnetic influence, and induce 
 sleep, as well as a hop pillow.'' 
 
FIRST LESSON IN THE KITCHEN. 93 
 
 It was a sensible idea, for the mind certainly 
 has a powerful influence upon the body. 
 
 It would have been no hard matter to read 
 what was passing in the mind of Susan, when 
 Salinda came down to the kitchen; for it was 
 printed upon her face. 
 
 "Now," she thought, "I shall have an 
 opportunity to pay a part of the debt of grati- 
 tude I owe this sweet girl's mother. But for 
 her, I might have been a beggar, thief, or at 
 best a rag picker in the street; for I was a 
 helpless orphan, without a hand to guide, or 
 tongue to give me -a kind word. She took 
 me from the street to a school room, and taught, 
 and fed, and clothed me ; and when she saw 
 that I was not all viciousness, she took me 
 home. Oh ! how many poor children might 
 be saved in the same way. But it always 
 appeared to me that such children in the 
 streets of a city, only held an equal rank and 
 value with the rats. Both are looked upon as 
 vermin that are eating into the big cheese of 
 society, and still those whose substance they 
 devour, only seek to punish them for having 
 an appetite, instead of training that appetite 
 
94 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 to relish other than stolen food. Talk of eco- 
 nomy! The worst economy on earth is this 
 waste of human beings. Worse than waste, 
 for these poor children are not only permitted 
 but compelled to grow up as worthless as rats, 
 to prey upon all that come within their reach 
 when their teeth are grown. 
 
 "Is human labor so worthless that it should 
 thus be wasted? What if every woman who 
 has the means should do as Mrs. Lovewell did 
 by me, where should we find any vagabond 
 children in the next generation?" 
 
 It is curious to observe what magnetic power 
 there is in a smile one that comes from the 
 heart. Salinda was won by the kind look and 
 words of Susan, to feel that she was not looked 
 upon as an intruder in the kitchen, and that 
 she might ask questions that would tire the 
 patience of one less willing than her present 
 instructor, and still receive pleasant an- 
 swers. 
 
 "I have come," said Salinda, "to see you 
 make bread, and I suppose I shall ask what 
 will seem to you a great many foolish ques- 
 tions." 
 
LEARNING TO MAKE BREAD. 95 
 
 "Which I shall answer strictly according to 
 Scripture." 
 
 "What? answer a fool according to his 
 folly." 
 
 "Yes, but God never intended that those 
 answers should be such as would make him 
 more foolish. No ; if you, compared to me, 
 are not wise in bread-making, it will give me 
 as great pleasure to teach you as ever it did 
 your mother to teach me. 
 
 "This is what we call a sponge. I set it 
 this morning, and you see it is now ready to 
 knead into loaves. This is by far the most 
 important part of breadmaking." 
 
 "Please tell me about setting the sponge, 
 as you call it." 
 
 " Oh, yes ! Well, I use about ten quarts 
 of flour, which I put into this large wooden 
 tray, and make a hole in the centre and pour 
 in about half a pint of brewer's yeast, mixed 
 with a pint of water, milk warm. As I pour 
 it in gradually, I stir some of the flour in with 
 it, till it forms a batter. Then I take a hand- 
 ful of dry flour and sprinkle over the top. 
 Theii I spread over this a thick tow cloth, 
 
96 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 which I call my sponge cloth, and never use 
 it for anything else but covering the bread 
 tray. Now I set my sponge by the fire, or in 
 the sun, and go about my work till it is ready 
 to knead." 
 
 " How do you know when it is ready ?" 
 " I frequently look at it, and when it seems 
 to be working, that is, sponging up, so as to 
 crack the covering of flour, it is then ready to 
 form into dough." 
 
 " That is what you are going to do now." 
 " Yes ; and therein lies the secret of good 
 bread. Not one in ten ever kneads the dough 
 enough. It is hard work, and requires strong 
 hands, and can only be done by hand. I 
 begin thus ; by pouring in warm water with 
 one hand and mixing it with the other. It 
 will take about two quarts, so that altogether 
 I shall use of yeast and water, about half as 
 many pounds as I have flour. Clear soft water 
 is the best. I use cistern water, filtered. 
 Milk-warm or blood-warm is about right. 1 
 add a table-spoonful of fine salt. This I scat- 
 ter over the sponge before I begin to knead. 
 Mixing flour and water together will make 
 
KNEADING DOUGH. 97 
 
 dough, but if you want good bread, you must 
 take both hands in this way, and work the 
 mass into a stiff, tough dough. 
 
 "There, now, you see how it adheres together, 
 so that I could draw it out in strands and braid 
 a rope, Now I form it into a compact ball, 
 and cover it up, and set it here in this warm 
 spot of sunshine that is pouring through the 
 window upon the kitchen table. I shall let it 
 stand there about an hour, and then take a 
 knife and cut it evenly into four parts, each 
 of which I shall take separately upon my pie 
 board, and form it into a loaf to suit one of 
 these pans. By timing my work in this way, 
 I cook my dinner, and bake my bread by one 
 heat in the stove." 
 
 "What is that for?" said Salinda, as she 
 saw her cut off a lump of dough as large as 
 her fist and lay it aside. 
 
 " That is to leaven another baking. Do you 
 see those pieces of stale bread which I am 
 soaking in milk. I never waste a morsel of 
 bread. Either in pudding, gravy, or in rusk, 
 I use up all. These pieces I soak till so soft that 
 I can add a little flour and knead the whole 
 5 
 
98 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 together. I also add a little shortening. This 
 lump of dough I shall knead into the mass, 
 and that will make the whole light. Then I 
 mould it out like hiscuit, and bake them after 
 the bread is done, and have them warm for 
 tea. Oh, I forgot the sweetening. I always 
 sweeten rusk." 
 
 " How often do you bake bread ?" 
 " Twice a week ; but if I had a large brick 
 oven I would only bake once a week ; because 
 stale bread, or more properly speaking, ripe 
 bread, is for the most, healthy and economical, 
 and as I never waste any old bread, it is no 
 matter how much I have on hand." 
 
 "Do you ever mix potatoes with your flour?" 
 " I used to when potatoes were cheap. At 
 a dollar or more a bushel, it is not good eco- 
 nomy. I often add a little corn meal, but I 
 always cook it partly first, in a thin mush. 
 If added raw to the flour, it will not cook 
 enough in the baking process. For a change, 
 I make bread with an addition of a little 
 sugar, or butter, or sweet lard. I forgot to 
 say I always add butter to my rusk. Some- 
 times I divide my dough, and sweeten one loaf 
 
KEEPING BEES IN TOWN. 99 
 
 lor the children. They are fond 01 it, and it 
 is much more healthy than rich cake. When 
 the writer of that text which says 'bread is 
 the staff of life,' wrote it, he certainly referred 
 to good bread; not such miserable bread as 
 we find in most houses. If you have good 
 bread, you never will be at any loss to set a very 
 good meal, upon emergency, without meat. 
 You may have fresh bread and butter, dry 
 toast and butter, soft toast with water or milk, 
 bread and milk, or, and what can be nicer, some 
 bread and butter and honey." 
 
 " Speaking of honey, I am quite surprised 
 to find that Mr. Savery keeps bees, here in 
 town. I thought they must always be kept in 
 the country." 
 
 " That is quite a mistake. Here is our gar- 
 den and half a dozen others right around here, 
 and a good many trees, and then it is only 
 half a mile out into the orchards and fields. 
 "We have half a dozen hives now, all from one 
 that cost six dollars, I believe, in the first place, 
 and they have cost nothing since, except a lit- 
 tle feeding, to save honey, and for two years we 
 have had honey plenty in the house, and have 
 
100 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 given a good deal to friends, and sold fifty 
 dollars' worth. 
 
 " Mrs. Savery says it is worth while to keep 
 bees, just to learn children the value of indus- 
 try, and how property can be accumulated 
 little by little, and how we may all learn the 
 value of improving our time while in health, 
 to lay up a store for the winter of old age. 
 The economy of space, too, as exhibited in the 
 formation of their cells, and the discipline of the 
 family to the government of one head, are all 
 worth studying. Would you like to go and see 
 them at work, you will just have time before 
 dinner. I am going to set the table now." 
 
 " Oh, I am afraid to go near them, they 
 sting so." 
 
 " Only their enemies or persons they don't 
 like. Ours are domesticated. You may go 
 and sit down by the hour, near the hive, and 
 they will not touch you. Frank often goes 
 out to play with them. They seem to know 
 him." 
 
 " Pray let me set the table, and I will go 
 afterwards and walk in the garden and look at 
 the bees, and Frank's hen's nests. 
 
BOTJILLI. 101 
 
 " Now, don't tell me a thing, and I will see 
 if I cannot arrange the whole quite to your 
 satisfaction." 
 
 "Let me assure you," said Mrs. Savery, 
 when told by Susan how she had been learn- 
 ing to make bread, and set the table, " let me 
 assure you, Salinda, that while you go to work 
 with such a cheerful disposition and such an 
 earnest desire to learn these little arts of 
 housekeeping, you will never find the least 
 difficulty. It is the first great step to go at 
 everything with a cheerful heart, and determi- 
 nation to do right, towards making everything 
 right. Ah, there come the children, punctual 
 as the clock; now, Susan, we will have our 
 little plain dinner. What have you got? 
 Oh! a nice piece of fresh beef, not exactly 
 like the French bouilli, but after a way of our 
 own. It is a piece of the rump, from 7 to 10 
 pounds, which was boiled in soup yesterday, 
 of which we made our dirner without cutting 
 the meat. It was slightly flavored with onion, 
 parsley and thyme. Susan always adds a dry 
 pepper pod, one of our own raising, and just 
 
102 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 salt enough to flavor it, and while it is warm 
 she sticks in these cloves. You will find it 
 tender and good. 
 
 " We are all fond of it cold, but if it shoald 
 be preferred hot, lay it in a dish and clap it in 
 the oven a few minutes. In the season of 
 them, we always add tomatoes. Now we 
 substitute tomato catsup. This asparagus you 
 will find fresh and tender. It is a healthy 
 vegetable at this season. - How will you eat 
 your lettuce. With sugar, as Frank is fixing 
 his?" 
 
 " I never tasted it that way. When I have 
 been at school, the old housekeeper was always 
 scolding about our using so much sugar, and 
 I don't know what she would have said, if any 
 one had used it upon lettuce." 
 
 " She knew nothing of economy. I should 
 have allowed you to sweeten your water, 
 bread, milk, vegetables and meat if you liked 
 it ; so you did not eat raw sugar, you .might 
 have all you wished, that is, in place of the 
 same cost of other food." 
 
 "I declare the lettuce is much better this 
 
GKEENS. 103 
 
 way than as it is usually fixed at the hotel, 
 with mustard, oil, vinegar, pepper, salt, cat- 
 sup, etc., and I dare say, more healthy." 
 
 "If you like vinegar, you will find the 
 sweet and sour very pleasant mixed together. 
 How do you like the beef?" 
 
 "It is excellent, and so is the asparagus; 
 and these greens, what are they ?" 
 
 " It is a compound, I think. Frank knows 
 best, he gathered them. How is it, Frank ?" 
 
 " Two dandelions ; three turnip tops ; a few 
 sprigs of spinage, a little pig-weed, or lamb's 
 quarter, and the balance cabbage sprouts. 
 All good, and as I could not get a mess of 
 either, I thought I would go in for an assort- 
 ment. This part is hen fruit," said he, laugh- 
 ing, and pointing to the halves of hard-boiled 
 eggs that Susan had added to the dish of 
 greens. "Shall I help you to a little 
 more ?" 
 
 " If you please. I am fond of such food, 
 and believe it is healthy, and I suppose, Frank, 
 not very expensive." 
 
 " I can tell you in the fall, or rather sister 
 Lillie can ; for she sets down every day debt 
 
104: ECONOMY ILLT7STHATED. 
 
 and credit to the garden. I wonder how 
 much she will credit my two dandelions." 
 
 " I don't know, Frank ; how much do you 
 think they were worth ?" 
 
 ""Well, they were good big ones, but I 
 guess on the whole, you may set down the 
 whole mess of greens at two cents." 
 
 "That is a very fair estimate, my son ; and I 
 am glad to see you inclined to be just, even in 
 your dealings with the garden. You will find 
 it saves a great many cents in the course of 
 the year." 
 
 " Yes, ma'am ; I am going to charge you 
 eight cents for the asparagus, two cents for the 
 lettuce, and one cent for the radishes I shall 
 give you for tea." 
 
 "There is thirteen cents to-day; and cer- 
 tainly you give us things at very low rates, 
 and much more fresh than those we get in 
 market. Your hen-house, too, Frank, has been 
 very profitable to us the past year." 
 
 " And that reminds me that I must go and 
 give the biddies some water, and cut a little 
 grass for them, before I go to school." 
 
 " Oh, let me do that," said Saljnda, t; I am 
 
TOMOREOW. 105 
 
 going out with Susan, after dinner, to look at 
 them." 
 
 " Will you ? well, I thank you ; I will do as 
 much for you, or somebody else, it is all the 
 same, so that we help one another, and try to 
 do all the good we can in the world, so my 
 mother says, and I never knew her to say 
 anything wrong." 
 
 " And I hope I never shall know my son to 
 say or do anything wrong." 
 
 " I hope not, mother ; and therefore, if sis- 
 ter Lillie is ready, we will hurry off to school > 
 and to-morrow ' Well, well,' as our minister 
 says, 'ye know not what a day may bring 
 forth,' but to-morrow is Saturday." 
 
 " What do you expect to-morrow will bring 
 forth for you, Frank, a play-day ?" 
 
 " Not exactly, though I think I shall make 
 it one of amusement. In the first place, let 
 me see well, in the first place, I shall get up 
 and take a wash. Then I shall go down and 
 help father in the garden till breakfast-time. 
 Then I shall wash again. Cold water don't 
 hurt me any. At breakfast I expect to eat 
 two fresh eggs. Givo the biddies credit for a 
 
106 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 dozer., Lillie; that is fifteen cents. After 
 breakfast, I shall cut my grass for the first 
 time. Can't tell how much that will be till 
 old Cap'en Peabody comes with his wheelbar- 
 row, to take it home. It will bring us milk, 
 though, for our Sunday pudding. Then I am 
 going to clean out my hen-house, and put 
 every scrap of dirt in the cistern, where father 
 mixes all sorts of stuff which makes our 
 melons, and lima beans, and tomatoes, and 
 celery, and other rank feeders upon manure, 
 as father calls them ; and after that I am 
 going over to the new house where father is 
 at work, to nail five pieces of waste boards 
 together into a box, for a nest for my old blue 
 hen, for she told me yesterday that she should 
 want to commence setting about Sunday. 
 After that, I have nothing particular on hand, 
 and shall be at the service of my mother, or 
 either of these my sisters, for a walk, or ride, 
 or to work, or read, or play. Now, are you 
 ready, Lillie? Good-bye, mother, good-bye, 
 Bister," kissing his hand to Salinda, and run- 
 ning off in a glee of laughter. 
 
 "Thank you, brother Frank. Remember, 
 
DEVELOPING FACULTIES OF CHILDEEN. 107 
 
 then, to-morrow afternoon, you are at the ser- 
 vice of the ladies. Good-bye. What a remark- 
 able boy," said Salinda, to his mother, "for 
 one of his years. I do not understand why 
 one child should be so manly, or womanly, 
 and another so childish." 
 
 "It is because they are kept so childishly 
 by their parents. The mind, the natural facul- 
 ties have no chance to develop their power. 
 Infants have the organs of voice, but do not 
 use them because the reasoning faculties have 
 not yet taught them the meaning of words. 
 As soon as that faculty is developed, children 
 become great talkers, mere chatterers, many 
 of them. Those who hear correct language, 
 acquire and use it. "Without giving a child 
 ideas, how is it to express them? Without giv- 
 ing a child to understand what its ears, eyes, 
 and hands are for, how is that child to exercise 
 anything but the natural faculties of a child. 
 
 "To improve a child's organ of language, you 
 must converse with that child, not in namby 
 pain by baby talk, but as though you were con- 
 versing with a man or woman. If my children 
 talk manly, it is because they never hear any 
 
108 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 other language from their parents. Frank may 
 seem a little forward, sometimes, but it is because 
 he has a natural vein of humor, and vivacity 
 of disposition. My children are not petulant, 
 because they never see anything of the kind at 
 home, and the little they see abroad, only serves 
 to make them love home quiet all the better." 
 " But you do not think that all children are 
 born alike?" 
 
 " Oh, no, by no means. Some of the per- 
 ceptive faculties are much stronger than others 
 in different individuals. I have heard of a 
 person so deficient in the organ of color, that 
 he could riot tell green from blue, or yellow 
 from white. You seem surprised, yet reflect 
 a moment. By candle light, you cannot do it 
 yourself. To such a person, in daylight, the 
 same inability to distinguish the difference in 
 shades continues. Now it is hardly possible, 
 if those having charge of that person in child- 
 hood, had taken constant pains to develop this 
 organ, that it would not have been improved. 
 Many children have the organ of Causality 
 constantly blunted, and the intellect made 
 dull, by that universal check '-dorit ask sc, 
 
TALKING WITH CHILDREN. 109 
 
 many foolish questions, put upon their in- 
 quiring minds. Is it foolish for a child to 
 inquire the cause of, what is to him, a pheno- 
 menon? I remember when a child, I went 
 with my father, who was one of those men 
 who never could bear to hear a child ask ques- 
 tions, to see a fountain play. The beautiful jets 
 f water spouted into the air, sixty feet, and 
 fell in silver and diamond sparkling drops, all 
 around. My first inquiry was, * who makes it 
 play?' I was answered quite short, * nobody, 
 you silly child.' 'Then,' said I, earnestly, 
 ''what makes it play?' I was not kindly 
 answered with a short description of the laws 
 that govern water, but told not to ask so many 
 foolish questions. Do you know what I 
 thought then ? If 1 ever grow to be a woman, 
 I never will tell a child not to ask so many 
 foolish questions. Acting upon that impres- 
 sion, so graven upon my heart,as it was burn- 
 ing with desire to know the cause of that 
 water spouting into the air, I have ever en- 
 couraged my children to ask questions. I 
 have told them there is a cause for everything. 
 Study to find out that cause. Never say J 
 
110 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 don't know, I never thought about that. I 
 teach them to think. I make companions of 
 them. I ask questions for them to answer. 
 For instance: one day I saw Frank bringing 
 some old lime into the hen yard, and I asked 
 him what that was for. 'Because,' said he, 
 'the shells of eggs are principally composed 
 of lime.' < Who told you so?' 'No one; 1 
 read it in a book, and I said to myself, then 
 hens must eat lime ; how else could the shells 
 be formed. I did just what you have always 
 told me, mother. I argued from effect to 
 cause.' This was but a trifle in itself, but it 
 taught me what was the effect of early train- 
 ing upon a young mind. We have always 
 tried to impress upon him the good effect of 
 manly actions. We have developed his natu- 
 ral faculties, without crowding his education 
 in school. I have been encouraged in this 
 course by an elder brother, the uncle Ephraim 
 you hear Lillie talk about. He was here some 
 years ago, and before he started home, he 
 wrote for his son Charles to meet him in Chi- 
 cago, on a certain day, with his carriage and 
 horses. ' Why, Ephraim,' said I, ' how old is 
 
EARLY TRAINING. Ill 
 
 Charley ?' < Well, let me see,' said he, < this 
 is September, and he was eight in March.' 
 6 And do you expect him to drive forty miles 
 alone, and then, what if he should not meet 
 you. Something might detain you.' He 
 replied, ' The road is plain, he knows the way, 
 and he will go to the hotel. Mr. Brown knows 
 him, for he has been there with me. And if 
 he didn't, the boy has a tongue, and can tell 
 him who he is, and what he is after. He will 
 do well enough, depend upon it, sister. That 
 is the way I train my boys.' The result 
 proved his theory correct. Charley went in, 
 and drove to the hotel, ordered his horses put 
 up, and saw that they were well taken care 
 of, too, and he took good care of himself. 
 My brother did not arrive for three days ; the 
 boat he went around the lakes on, having got 
 aground, and met with several detentions." 
 
 " I should have thought Charley would have 
 been alarmed at his father's absence, or got 
 tired of waiting." 
 
 " Not he. He knew that his father would 
 come when the boat did, and in the meantime 
 he improved every minute. He studied the 
 
112 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 science of sfi?p-uilding, found out how the 
 workmen bent those great planks by the aid 
 of steam; looked'into the steam-engine shops, 
 and found somebody that was willing to answer 
 his questions, and teach him how the powei 
 was obtained and controlled. Then he looked 
 into the founderies, and saw how cast-iron was 
 formed, how machines were made, by boring, 
 drilling, filing, polishing, and fitting the various 
 parts together, and, in short, my brother wrote 
 me 'it was the best three days' schooling the 
 boy ever had. I was not at all sorry, after I 
 had learned the result, that I was detained. 
 In fact, I did not fret any, at the time ; I knew 
 it was all for the best, as every such thing 
 always is, though we are not always able to 
 see it.' 
 
 "This also taught me a lesson. It taught 
 me that children have a'natural desire to learn, 
 and that they cannot learn unless they have a 
 teacher. It taught me that the faculties of a 
 child may be developed much younger than 
 is generally supposed. We have infant schools, 
 and all sorts of ' institutions,' to force the facul- 
 ties applicable to the ordinary brandies of 
 
MIND-CULTURE. llS 
 
 school studies, which are pushed Y.&O plants in 
 a hot-bed, or forcing-house, to the neglect of 
 all the qualifications that make a man or 
 woman of intellect. 
 
 " There, now, I think I have given you a 
 sufficiently long lecture upon the science of 
 mind culture." 
 
 "I think I could listen to just such a one, 
 with profit and pleasure, every day, and I hope 
 I shall." 
 
 "There is no telling what the next may be 
 about. I never premeditate upon my subject. 
 Whatever occurs at the moment, that I think 
 I can explain, or make use of to teach those who 
 are dependent on me for information, I seize 
 upon as the basis of my lecture, if that is a 
 proper term for those little conversations 
 You were going to the garden I have a little 
 work to do. I saw a moth-miller last night, 
 and that is a warning for me to secure my furs 
 and woolens. It costs so little time or money 
 to pack them down in a trunl^ or box, with a 
 little camphor gum, tobacco, snuif, cedar 
 shavings, sassaffras, or almost anything that 
 gives a strong odor, except musk." 
 
114 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 "And why not that 2" 
 
 "I cannot say. I only know that rauskrat 
 furs are just as likely to be destroyed as any 
 other." 
 
 Mrs. Savery went about her work of saving ; 
 for that is the true economy of housekeeping, 
 saving everything money, time, and that 
 which cost both gathering up little fragments 
 doing what most women call trifles ; but, 
 though it may seem trifling to them, it is no 
 trifle to their husbands, in the footing up of 
 the year's accounts. 
 
 Salinda went to fulfill her promise to Frank, 
 to water and feed his hens. Susan went with 
 her, and that she might not feel as though she 
 was losing any time, Salinda was to help her 
 wash the dishes. " But," says she, " had we 
 not better do that first?" 
 
 " No, because Frank is very regular in his 
 practice of feeding and watering his hens in 
 the middle of the day ; and habit with them is 
 as strong as with us. They are looking for it." 
 
 Salinda found the same economy of space 
 here as elsewhere. A strip five feet wJde 
 across the end of the lot was occupied by the 
 
THE HEN-HOUSE. 115 
 
 poultry yard, poultry house, tool house, and 
 the temple of Cloacina. 
 
 The latter bore a most striking contrast to 
 most of these necessary appendages to every 
 house. A baiTel of plaster of Paris stood in 
 one corner, with a little tin dipper, and it was 
 the invariable rule of every occupant of the 
 place, to scatter into the vault a little of the 
 plaster, which absorbed all the ammonia, 
 keeping the place sweet, and rendering the 
 monthly task of emptying the contents into 
 the compost bed, neither unpleasant nor unpro- 
 fitable. That compost bed was a tight vat, 
 occupying the room under the hen-house, and 
 in summer received all the fertilizing liquids 
 from the house, as well as every other scrap 
 of waste, which not only kept the garden 
 rich, but afforded a surplus which was readily 
 purchased and pumped out every week, by a 
 market gardener in the neighborhood. In 
 the corner appropriated as a hen yard, stood a 
 large plum tree, that never failed to fyear a 
 full crop, because the hens prevented the 
 ravages of the curculio. Starting near the 
 compost tank, from which the roots drew sus- 
 
116 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 tenance, were two grape vines ; a Catawba 
 and an Isabella, which were trained each way 
 along the building and fence for a hundred 
 feet j these afforded all the grapes, and many 
 more than the family wanted, and, as Mr. 
 Savery said, cost no room of earth or air. 
 
 Over the hen-house was the aviary ; and on 
 top of the little room used to store the tools 
 the lime, plaster, empty beehives, &c. <fec., 
 grew the famous water-melons. The whole 
 of these buildings were screened from full 
 view of the house by a row of quince, currant, 
 gooseberry, and rose-bushes. Then came the 
 strawberry bed, with the vines shooting through 
 the covering of tan bark, which not only serves 
 as the best manure, but keeps the fruit clean 
 All the vegetables and bushes seemed to be 
 arranged so as to economize room, and make a 
 little spot of ground produce a great deal of 
 food. Next to the house was the grass-plat, 
 and in the centre of that stood a half barrel 
 tub, filled with earth, and planted with cucum- 
 bers. Half the vines will climb a bush, and 
 the other half fall down upon the grass, but 
 are not allowed to run far. 
 
MORE OF THE YARD AND GARDEN. 117 
 
 Salinda could not help thinking how much 
 land in and around all cities is wasted left 
 barren and worthless, that might be made to 
 bear rich products of human food, like this 
 little plat. She noticed that even the earth in 
 the cucumber tub was not allowed to remain 
 idle while waiting for the proper time to re- 
 ceive the seed, and while they were vegetating, 
 but it was made to produce a crop of early 
 radishes. She did not know, but Mr. Savery 
 did, that this productiveness was owing to his 
 liquid manure, and other frequent waterings 
 which he gave the whole ground, with a cheap 
 hand force-pump and hose, with a rose nozzle, 
 which Frank guided while his father worked 
 the pump. 
 
 " I should really like to know where your 
 cistern is. There is but one pump, and that is 
 at the well." 
 
 "And yet it draws well or cistern water at 
 your option. You have only to turn this cock 
 this way, and that one this way, and now it 
 will pump well water. Change them back 
 again, and you draw water from the cistern, 
 which is under the grass-plat. Last summer 
 
118 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 it got so low after being cleaned out in the 
 spring, that we had to use ley from the ash 
 leach, to make the well water soft enough to 
 wash with. But after all, there is nothing like 
 good filtered rain water for every purpose. It 
 is great economy to build a cistern, and adds 
 greatly to the comfort of those who have to do 
 the housework. Speaking of the cistern re- 
 minds me that I have got some dishes to 
 wash." 
 
 " And I am to help you that is, I should 
 like to learn what there is for me to learn in 
 that branch of domestic economy, if you are 
 willing, Susan." 
 
 " Certainly. Well, here is one thing for you 
 to learn. Never put ivory knife-handles into 
 warm water. I use this double tin can. This 
 for the knives, that for the forks." 
 
 It was like two quart measures* soldered to- 
 gether. One had an extra bottom, that left 
 the water just deep enough for the dinner 
 knives, and the other for the forks, when filled 
 
 * There are cans made on purpose with bars like a gridiron, so close 
 that the handles cannot go through, while the blades remain in tht 
 water. Susan's was more primitive and less expensive. 
 
WASHING DISHES. 119 
 
 near the top. For the tea knives it was not so 
 full the can being connected, made the water 
 always of the same relative height. " If the 
 handles get soiled so that I cannot wipe them 
 clean," said Susan, " I use a piece of tine sand- 
 paper.-' 
 
 "Do you use soap in your dish water ? ;J 
 
 " Seldom. That stone pot is full of ley. It 
 I have a very greasy dish, that hot water will 
 not clean, I dip it in that ley, and thus make 
 the grease into soap. It is a small matter, but 
 it saves many a sixpence m a year. When 
 the ley gets greasy, I empty it in a tub where 
 I keep ley, to eat up all the grease and bones 
 that would otherwise be wasted, or get mouldy 
 or fly-blown, if kept long enough to boil up 
 for soap. Sometimes it makes itself into ex- 
 cellent soap, without one bit of trouble." 
 
 " Now, shall I wipe the plates as you wash 
 them?" 
 
 " Not yet. I wash them in this pan, and 
 set them in that to drain. Then I rinse them 
 off with boiling water so now you may wipe 
 them, while I wipe the knives. Now pour 
 that water in this pan, and I will wash those 
 
120 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 larger dishes. It is not an unpleasant job, nor 
 is it hard work to wash dishes, if rightly done ; 
 and I have not broken anything for years." 
 
 " What are you boiling the teakettle for, 
 Susan?" 
 
 " For tea. It is so warm that I shall not 
 want any fire in the range this afternoon 
 with what heat there is, that water will keep 
 almost as hot as boiling till night. Then I 
 take a handful of charcoal, and kindle it in 
 this little portable furnace, and that saves a 
 peck of coal; as the furnace will boil my 
 water, and boil my tea, and make a bit of toast 
 if I wish." 
 
 "Do you boil tea?" 
 
 " Black tea is very much improved by being 
 boiled at least fifteen minutes. It changes 
 the flavor entirely." 
 
 " I nevei heard of that before. And is it 
 more economical that is, does it take less tea 
 to serve the family ?" 
 
 " At least twenty-five per cent. That you 
 
 may be convinced of the difference in flavor, 
 
 strength, economy, everything, I will divide 
 
 ' my usual measure I always make by a uni- 
 
MAKING TEA. 121 
 
 form measure and give one-half made in the 
 usual way of pouring boiling water on the 
 leaves in the pot, and the other I will boil 
 half an hour," 
 
 The result will be known by listening to the 
 following tea-table talk in the next chapter. 
 
122 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 CHAPTEK IY. 
 
 Something the matter with tke Tea. What is it? The 
 properties of Tea. The difference proved. Lillie's Max- 
 ims of Life. 
 
 . " WHAT is the matter with your tea, Susan ?" 
 said Mr. Savery, at the first sip. " I am very 
 fond of a good cup of black tea, and if not 
 taken very warm, and only moderately strong, 
 with sugar and milk, I think it not only plea^ 
 santly invigorating, but quite healthy. Liebig, 
 I think it is, says that tea contains nutritious 
 qualities. It is certainly strengthening and 
 invigorating. It possesses stimulating and 
 narcotic principles that do not agree with per- 
 sons of hypochondriacal habits, or weak nerves. 
 From 30 to 40 per cent, of tea is soluble in 
 water. And a trifle larger proportion is solu- 
 ble in alcohol. Tea contains considerable 
 tannin ; a trace of volatile oil ; and the pecu- 
 liar flavor is contained in a resinous substance. 
 This is much easier dissolved in some varieties 
 than others." 
 
WHAT IS IT? 
 
 "And hence the necessity," said Mrs. Save- 
 ry, "in making black tea that the infusion 
 should stand and boil some minutes ; which I 
 perceive Susan has somehow neglected to- 
 night." 
 
 " No, not neglected," said Salinda, " it has 
 been purposely done, to teach me the differ- 
 ence. Come in, Susan, with the other. You 
 need not stand there laughing at my ignorance, 
 or how easy you have convinced me of my 
 error." 
 
 " To remove old prejudices," said Susan, as 
 she changed the tea-pot, "particularly any- 
 thing relating to our accustomed food, requires 
 strong evidence that the proposed innovation 
 upon old customs is really an improvement. 
 Mr. Savery, let me change your cup. And 
 you, Salinda, will, as readily as he does, see the 
 difference in flavor." 
 
 " And economy, too," said Mrs. Savery. 
 " You make that quite a yearly item. This 
 we are indebted for to Uncle Ephraim ; and 1 
 remember that we all thought it was one of 
 his odd notions, but he took the same course 
 to convince us that Susan has you, Salinda. 
 
124 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 We are not aware ourselves, how wedded we 
 are to habit in our eating and drinking." 
 
 " That is true, wife. Just look at the ridi- 
 cule that has been heaped upon those who ad- 
 vocate a vegetable diet. They have been 
 called bran-bread philosophers advocates of 
 feeding workingmen upon sawdust; and a 
 thousand other slanders ; when, in fact, all 
 they recommend is that men should act ration- 
 ally in adapting the proper food to the various 
 conditions of men. They simply say, that it 
 is not necessary for the health of women and 
 children, and persons of sedentary habits, to 
 eat the same fat pork diet of a hard-working 
 farmer. We are, as you perceive, no vegeta- 
 rians, yot we must allow that the advocates 
 of that system have a great deal of reason and 
 common sense in their arguments. It is a 
 pretty well settled fact in philosophy, that the 
 consumers of swine's flesh, generation after 
 generation, will at length come to partake in 
 some degree of the nature of the animal whose 
 flesh they have fed upon. Many physicians 
 are of opinion that pork is the cause of scrof- 
 ula, We cannot dispute the fact, that none 
 
THE tTSE OF TOBACCO. i2S 
 
 but hard laborers, who are much in the open 
 air, can consume large quantities of gross food, 
 and maintain good health. But it is very hard 
 to break people of long indulged in gross 
 habits of any kind. There is not a rum-drink- 
 er, rum-maker, or rumseller, in the world, that 
 does not know the evil effects of taking alco- 
 hol into the stomach ; yet one persists in the 
 manufacture and sale, because it affords him 
 an easy profit, and the other continues its use, 
 because it produces exhilaration or stupefac- 
 tion ; or else gives strength, or courage to do 
 some act of desperation, of folly, or wicked- 
 ness." 
 
 " You are severe on gross eaters and hard 
 drinkers, sir; pray, what is your opinion of 
 the use of tobacco ?" 
 
 " That, waving all argument about its poison- 
 ous effects and unhealthiness, the use of it is 
 BO positively filthy, whether chewed, snuffed, 
 or smoked, that no well-bred gentleman or 
 lady can use it, or sanction its use, cr what is 
 Btill more, encourage friends to get accustomed 
 to a practice that enslaves them through life. 
 But C3me, let us adjourn to the sitting-room, 
 
126 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 and see what Lillie has to read to us this ig 
 the end of her school week, when she furnishes 
 us a composition, or some collation of facts 
 gathered during the week. What have you 
 to-night, my daughter?" 
 
 " At my mother's suggestion, I have made 
 an excerpta of passages and sentiments from 
 several authors upon the subject of domestic 
 economy.' 
 
 " That probably is intended for your benefit, 
 Salinda." 
 
 " Then I shall give my careful attention to 
 its teachings. Will you read, Lillie. I hope 
 your father and mother will give us running 
 comments." 
 
 " Catharine E. Beecher says : 
 
 " In regard to the subject of health, mothers and teachers 
 [she might have added children] never had the facilities 
 afforded for gaining the knowledge they needed. It is 
 painful, after years of toil and anxiety, to discover, that in 
 some important respects, mistakes have been made which 
 have entailed suffering and sorrow on ourselves and the ob- 
 jects of our care. 
 
 " No American woman has any occasion for feeling that 
 hers is an humble or insignificant lot. 
 
 "Persons in poverty to-day, may rise to affluence to- 
 
CAUSES OF ILL HEALTH. 127 
 
 morrow. Children of common laborers may rise to wealth 
 and station, while their wealthy neighbors' children, through 
 long enervating indulgence, sink down to the lowest station 
 in life. 
 
 " Were it not for the supply of poverty-stricken foreign- 
 ers, there would be a dearth of domestics in every family." 
 
 " That," said Mr. Savery, " is because we 
 rear our own children to look upon all labor 
 with contempt that the garb of an honest 
 workman is a disgrace. But go on." 
 
 " There is nothing that so demands system and regularity 
 as the affairs of a housekeeper, and the want of success, 
 through ill health and inability to attend to the duties, are 
 causes of great anxiety and perplexity. 
 
 "Women in this country are unusually subject to disease, 
 through delicacy of constitution. 
 
 " Curvature of the spine is a prevalent complaint with 
 the daughters of the rich." 
 
 " Much of which is owing to their enervat- 
 ing habits lounging on sofas and cushioned 
 chairs never going out in the air, except in 
 a cushioned carriage never in fact taking any 
 exercise that stirs the blood, except perhaps a 
 health-destroying midnight dance ; and avoid- 
 ing cold water as they would the plague. It 
 
128 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 is such a life that makes feeble, puny girls, 
 and sickly mothers, who prematurely blossom, 
 bear early, sickly fruit, wither and die. "Tis 
 a sad picture, but it is truly American." 
 
 "Why, Mr. Savery, your chairs are all 
 cushioned, even those in the dining-room, 
 which is quite unusual." 
 
 "Only cushioned in the seat. That is eco- 
 nomy. It is not like a chair with a stuffed 
 back, that shuts out all circulation of air from 
 the body. These plain, hard seat cushions 
 save much wear of clothing, and should be 
 used at the table, of all other places, where 
 all should sit at their ease. Go on, Lillie." 
 
 " Medical men all tell us that this constitutional debility 
 results from mismanagement in early life. 
 
 " Mental excitement, without exercise, tends to weaken 
 the system." 
 
 " Don't imagine," said Lillie, as she saw 
 Salinda pick up Miss Beecher's Dcmestic Eco- 
 nomy, " that I make literal quotations. I am 
 rather sifting out facts, which I express, or try 
 to, in short hand." 
 
 " You are very successful, and I am deeply 
 interested." 
 
PKEMATUEE DECAY. 120 
 
 "American women, from various causes, are exposed to 
 A far greater amount of intellectual excitement than those 
 of any other land, with far less walking, riding, gardening, 
 or exposure to the open air, than falls to the lot of European 
 women. 
 
 " American girls go from school to visiting, dressing, 
 evening parties, balls, or amusements, in close hot rooms ; 
 morning calls and midday shopping, in ridiculously un- 
 healthy modes of dress, and then eat gormandizing dinners, 
 till they have to lay down exhausted, to read the last novel. 
 
 " At fifteen they marry at thirty they are faded, worn, 
 haggard, and discontented with all the world, to think they 
 have lost their beauty." 
 
 "Is it any wonder," said Mr. Savery, " that 
 such girls become mothers of puny children, 
 or that such a large proportion of all the 
 deaths that occur in cities are among those 
 under ten years of age ! We listen, Lillie." 
 
 " Many, in fact most, wealthy ladies would think a walk 
 of a mile, three or four times a week, would be a killing 
 amount of exercise. 
 
 " Girls should never be sent to school till six years old, 
 and then the physical rather than the intellectual cultiva- 
 tion should be attended to. Children should frequently be 
 sent out to play. The air in a school room should never be 
 overheated, or suffered to get impure. Crowded rooms and 
 Balamander stoves, are the curse of American school-rooms, 
 
 " A girl from six to ten years old should be taught to do 
 
 6* 
 
130 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 many things about a house, so as to acquire active habits, 
 and learn that labor in any household duty is not degrading. 
 
 " Where there are several daughters in the house, they 
 should go by turns to the kitchen, while all the light work 
 should be done by the others. 
 
 " Every branch of domestic economy should be taught \n 
 all female seminaries. 
 
 " Healthful exercise gives rosy cheeks, rounded form and 
 delicate skin. 
 
 " There is no period in life when a young lady will not 
 find a knowledge of domestic economy useful to herself and 
 others. The mere knowledge of how to remove a grease 
 spot, may confer happiness for the moment upon herself and 
 gome frie&d. 
 
 " Every girl should be trained to have some knowledge 
 of the laws of health, and how to take care of the sick." 
 
 " She should also know how to prevent, in 
 a great measure, her children from getting 
 sick, by indulgence in unwholesome food. 
 However, I won't interrupt you," said Mrs. 
 Savery. 
 
 " Those persons who keep their bodies in a state of health 
 by sufficient exercise, have a sure guide of what they should 
 eat. 
 
 " Many women are so inactive, they never feel hungry ; 
 and only eat at stated times, through habit, or for pastime. 
 
 " Hence the necessity of inducing appetite by tempting 
 riands, and a variety of high seasoned dishea. By tasting 
 
GLUTTONY. 131 
 
 f this and that, she loads her stomach with more than a 
 hodman could well digest. 
 
 " Health depends on quality as well as quantity of food. 
 Some things are naturally pernicious, and some are made 
 BO by cooking and combination with others. 
 
 " Condiments, such as pepper, spice, mustard, vinegar, 
 salt. &c., are never needed in a healthy stomach. In case 
 of stimulants being needed, such things may be used." 
 
 " Don't you think," said Salinda, " that salt 
 is necessary ?" 
 
 " No more," said Mr. Savery, " than any of 
 the other stimulants. If we eat less salt, we 
 should drink less, and the world would be 
 saved from the disgrace of drunkenness. We 
 are so accustomed to the use of salt, that we 
 never stop to inquire whether it is really use* 
 ful or necessary, or beneficial or otherwise. 
 But we won't stop to discuss this question now. 
 It is enough for the present purpose that it 
 shall induce you to think and inquire for your- 
 self. We listen, Lillie." 
 
 " There are more gluttons than drunkards in America-r- 
 that is, persons who injure themselves by eating." 
 
 "That is very true," said Mrs, Savery. 
 " Only last month a young lady-friend of ours 
 
132 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 that had suffered for a long time with ill 
 health, and loss of appetite, took a notion that 
 she must have some hard clams, and in the 
 course of the day she ate several dozen ; some 
 raw and some cooked, as people generally 
 cook them that is, nothing but warmed not 
 cooked at all and in the evening she was 
 taken with spasms, and came near losing her 
 life. The stomach was paralyzed, as bad as 
 though she had swallowed so many leaden 
 bullets. Many a life is destroyed by impru- 
 dence in eating. 
 
 " I have a sentence that I have extracted 
 from one of my books, just in point to your 
 remark, mother. This is it : 
 
 " A perfectly healthy stomach can digest almost any 
 healthful food ; but when the digestive powers are weak, 
 what is food for one, would be poison to another." 
 
 " You know Virginia had been suffering a 
 long time with dyspepsia. Perhaps, too, she 
 did not chew her food sufficiently, for my 
 books tell me that 'it is indispensable that 
 food be taken slowly and well chewed, or it 
 will not digest. Rice, potatoes, when dry and 
 
PROPER FOOD FOR EACH MEAL. 133 
 
 well cooked, flour, Indian corn, tender meats, 
 or meats minced fine, are easiest of digestion. 
 Tough beef, fat bacon, unripe fruit, wilted 
 vegetables, rancid butter, short pie-crust, hot 
 short cakes, and many articles of mixed food, 
 will in time destroy the powers of an ostrich- 
 like stomach, in any human being that does 
 not take violent exercise in the open air. 
 After every meal, a person should rest a little 
 while, to allow the gastric juice time to incor- 
 porate itself with the contents of the stomach.' >: 
 " That is the very reason," said Mr. Savery, 
 " why we practice sitting at the table in con- 
 versation after we have done eating. It is not 
 time lost." 
 
 " The food of our meals should be properly apportioned 
 to the wants of the body. At breakfast we need drinks, 
 and should eat fruit, and light vegetable food, with but little 
 meat. That good old-fashioned dish of hash a little meat 
 and potatoes, with a flour gravy, is an excellent breakfast 
 dish. But we do not eat fruit enough, and the eafciug of 
 hearty meats, often too, cooked by frying, is a national sin 
 of this country. 
 
 " Dinner should be taken near the middle of the day, and 
 may be a hearty one, if the proper amount of exercise has 
 been had in the forenoon, and labor is to be performed in 
 
134 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 the afternoon. After dinner, spend an hour in converse 
 tion, reading, or light work, before you resume the regular 
 employment of the day, and you will accomplish more be- 
 fore night, with less exhaustion. 
 
 " Look for an example to the sons of toil in the harvest 
 field. Their ' nooning ' is true economy. 
 
 " The true temperature for all kinds of food and drink, 
 is blood warm. Sipping hot tea is dissipation. Drinking 
 ice water, except in little sips, to act as a tonic, is folly. 
 The health of many a stomach has been ruined by eating an 
 excessive quantity of ice cream. One table -spoonful should 
 be a full allowance. 
 
 " When the body is hot and exhausted, bathe the hands and 
 feet and face in cold water, and drink something hot. A 
 little sweetened water, gingered, is excellent. After re- 
 storing the tone of the body to its natural condition, you 
 may have a pleasant, healthful tonic, in a glass of ice water 
 
 " The temptation to use stimulating drinks, is their present 
 agreeable stimulating effect. But with every indulgence, 
 the power to produce that sensation diminishes, until at 
 length the stomach becomes so accustomed to their use, it 
 would take a whole Niagara of rum to produce the sensation 
 caused by the first glass." 
 
 " Why, Lillie," said Mrs. Savery, " are those 
 extracts from books you have been reading?" 
 
 " Not altogether. You and father have 
 always told me to read books to get ideas. I 
 extract sentiments, and add reflections. "What 
 
STIMULANTS AND CONDIMENTS. 185 
 
 I read, sometimes serves as a text for a sermon 
 I preach to myself. Is there anything wrong 
 in what I have read, or in giving the ideas of 
 others in my own words ?" 
 
 "Not exactly. I thought that expression 
 about a Niagara of rum, sounded a little ex- 
 travagant ; and I understood you that you had 
 been selecting passages from Miss Beecher's 
 work, and I did not recollect anything like it. 
 It sounds a good deal more like one of Henry 
 "Ward Beecher's strong similes. Read on." 
 
 " Those who use stimulating drinks, argue that the taste 
 is a natural one, and call savages and even animals for wit- 
 nesses, and therefore claim that it is right to indulge the 
 taste ; else, they say, why did God implant it in our nature. 
 The murderer might just as well argue that to kill was no 
 sin, because he has a natural propensity for blood. 
 
 " Stimulants were created for medicine, to cure diseases, 
 not create thjn?. There is not a doubt that coffee, and itt 
 some measure tea, taken in extravagant quantities as they 
 are in th> country, cause much of the nervous diseases that 
 affect fem^ies, and all persons of natural delicate constitu- 
 tions. 
 
 " Waie.- is the only safe drink. Sugar and juice of fruits, 
 slightly icid, maj be safely added. We all drink too much. 
 It is onty a babii ; it is not necessary. Children iu school 
 not be allied the idle habit of continually running 
 
136 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 out for a drink. If they are dry, they should be told the 
 cause of it, and a slight punishment of thinit for eating salt 
 to excess, will not hurt them. It may teach them to eat 
 less. Some persons are constantly eating cloves, cinnamon, 
 mace, orange peel, or some other spicy thing, which only 
 serves to create thirst. No condiment with food can possi- 
 bly do any good. If it stimulates the appetite to eat more, 
 that is not beneficial. A person will soon get so he cannot 
 eat without some stimulant. 
 
 " In this country the bulk of our food is of a stimulating 
 nature. We consume a vast amount of meat. It is neither 
 economical or healthy. Dyspepsia prevails here to a greater 
 extent than in any other civilized country. Savages, owing 
 to their nature and modes of life, and exposure of the whole 
 body to the atmosphere, can eat meat, even whale blubber, 
 with impunity. We must mix crude vegetables with our 
 mat and fine flour. Of the latter we eat too much. If 
 two-thirds of our wheat was eaten unbolted, we should 
 enjoy better health. At one time the army bread of Eng- 
 land was all made of unbolted wheat, and the soldiers never 
 were so robust and healthy before or since. Those who use 
 wheat grits, that is cracked wheat, are never constipated in 
 the bowels. Oat meal is equally beneficial. It makes very 
 pleasant, healthy bread. It is mostly eaten in gruel, or oat 
 meal porridge. 
 
 " There is a great lack of economy in most families in 
 clothing ; and it is not at all uncommon that health and 
 life are sacrificed tc Moloch by fond mothers, through the 
 folly of pride to follow the fashion of dress. 
 
 " The rule should be to cover the body, particularly of 
 
FOLLY IN FOOD AND DRESS. 137 
 
 children, so as to keep it just warm without inducing per- 
 spiration. Children often throw off their night covering, 
 because too warm, and then suffer from exposure. This 
 may be guarded against by using night gowns, and never 
 covering them too warm at first 
 
 " One person requires more clothes than another, yet all 
 dress nearly alike. Women need thicker clothing than 
 men, as a general thing, yet they almost always dress much 
 thinner. Unless they wear rubbers over their shoes, their 
 feet are as unprotected from damp or cold, as though en- 
 tirely bare. They go out bare-footed, bare-headed, bare- 
 necked, bare-armed, carrying a dragging weight of sweat 
 cloths suspended from the hips. 
 
 " Such is woman's winter fashion. 
 
 " Men, not only in winter, but in broiling August, encase 
 themselves in thick, solid patent-leather boots, impervious 
 to air more than water, and black coat, vest and pantaloons, 
 with a dozen folds of cloth around the neck, the whole 
 topped off with a black hat, as stiff as a stove-pipe, imper- 
 vious to air, and spoiled by the first dash of rain. 
 
 " Such is the economy of fashion. 
 
 " One of the most healthy practices is to wear flannel next 
 the skin. It is a bad conductor of heat, and keeps the body 
 warm. Black should never be worn in the sun in hot 
 weather, because it conducts the heat to the body. 
 
 " Whatever is worn next the skin should be often changed. 
 Cleanliness promotes health. All dresses for men, or women, 
 or children, should be worn loose. Clothing should always 
 be adapted to the occupation of the wearer, and colors 
 always plain and suited to age, sex or complexion. How 
 
JdS ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 would the minister look with a yellow coat, or his wife with 
 a red gown. 
 
 " One of the domestic virtues of rural life is early rising. 
 In cities there is a certain degree of snobbishness that af- 
 fects late hours at everything. These persons are late at 
 church, late at meals, late to bed, and very late in getting 
 out of it. It is impossible for such a late family to be 
 healthy, and if engaged in business they are rarely prosper- 
 ous. Laying in bed till the sun is two or three hours high, 
 is very poor economy. It is poor economy to sleep by day- 
 light and work or read by lamplight. No living thing 
 flourishes healthily in darkness or artificial light, except 
 Bleeping. 
 
 " The fashion of dining after dark, and supping at mid- 
 night, and going to bed in the morning, is one that demo* 
 cratic Americans, who pretend to despise everything for- 
 eign and aristocratic, should utterly repudiate. 
 
 " Without a good reason, it should be held as a mark of a 
 want of respectability in any woman to be out of bed at 
 midnight. 
 
 " The unhealthiness of the night air in malarious regions, 
 is such that it cannot be breathed with impunity in the 
 night time. This fact is so well understood in the neighbor- 
 hood of Charleston, South Carolina, that night trains upon 
 the railroad are avoided. I have known a whole car load 
 of passengers all sick while coming over the fifty miles of 
 miasmatic country north of that city, in summer. 
 
 " All persons require six to eight hours sleep, and there is 
 no better time the year through to take that, than between 
 nine in the evening and four or five in the morning. 
 
LATE HOURS. 139 
 
 "All long-lived people are habitual early risers. We 
 can, if accustomed to it, perform more labor early in the 
 morning, than at any other period. No mother, or mistress 
 of a family, should ask her children or hired help to get up 
 hours before she does herself. Let her own example be a 
 good one. 
 
 " There is no economy in late hours in bed. 
 
 " The health of many a person women in particular haa 
 been ruined for want of judicious exercise. Half the cases 
 of dyspepsia, crooked spine, and nervous debility, come 
 from want of exercise. But exercise should always have an 
 interest for the mind. Walking merely for the exercise of 
 walking, is fatiguing in many cases, where, if the mind was 
 exercised also, no fatigue would be felt. Take children out 
 in the field to hunt flowers or fruit never to hunt bird's 
 nests that is all wrong and they rarely grow tired. An 
 invalid, who is fatigued in going up and down stairs, will 
 climb a mountain for the view of the beautiful landscape 
 spread out before him. All females should accustom them- 
 selves to take long walks walks that have an object and 
 interest for the mind. I knew one person restored to health 
 who thought herself in a decline, just through an interest 
 she took in a little girl, and by following her home to see 
 her sick mother, became so interested that she walked a 
 kiile every day upon her mission of mercy and thus saved 
 her own life. 
 
 " It was not only the exercise and fresh air, but the south- 
 ing influence of doing an angelic act to one of her own sex, 
 who was in deep distress. 
 
 " All well trained minds feel happy when thus employee} 
 
140 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " The fashions of society which condemn young girls U 
 confinement to books and a sedentary life, are destructive 
 of beauty, grace, health and happiness. 
 
 " One of the great defects in family education is the ill- 
 breeding of children ; that is, a want of proper training of 
 their manners towards superiors, and touching their conduct 
 in all the little proprieties of life. 
 
 " Be courteous, should be a daily maxim, impressed upoa 
 every child's mind. A child that is not courteous to a 
 parent, is not one that meets with love from all. A child 
 never should address a parent like an equal. Every one 
 should behave at home and abroad exactly alike. If chil- 
 dren are allowed to be rude at home, they will be so abroad. 
 The natural disposition of children, is to assume airs of 
 equality with those who are their seniors, and entitled to 
 their respect and deference. If that disposition is not 
 checked, they grow pert, overbearing, unamiable, ill-man- 
 nered. Children should be taught gratitude. ( Thank you, 
 ma'am,' costs nothing, but it often sounds as though it was 
 worth something. 
 
 " Never make rude remarks of another, or laugh at a de- 
 fect of speech, or person, or mock an unfortunate. 
 
 " Rudeness at table is never forgiven. Nothing is more 
 disagreeable to a well bred person. Study to imitate such 
 persons, and you may soon be like them. Their company is 
 always appreciated and courted, while that of a rude person 
 is dreaded and avoided. 
 
 " A mild tempered, well bred child, no matter how homely 
 the countenance, will always be loved and welcomed among 
 adults or children, while one of rude manners will be ex- 
 cluded perhaps hated. 
 
SCOLDING WIVES. 
 
 " A good temper, particularly in a housekeeper, who h as 
 charge of a family, is one of the greatest blessings. It 
 makes of itself an atmosphere of love, that glows and shines 
 upon all the household. 
 
 " There is no purgatory more irritating to a husband than 
 a scolding wife, or more heart-burning to a wife than a fret- 
 ful husband. In such a house, how can children grow up 
 with happy, cheerful dispositions. They feel a dread, a sort 
 of shock, at the very step of such a parent approaching. I 
 have seen men who never were satisfied with a meal some- 
 thing was always wrong. I have seen women who appa- 
 rently never spoke a good-natured word. Their words were 
 like oil of vitriol burning every ear they fell upon. Under 
 thnir influence the husband grows discontented and unhap- 
 py, and avoids home. The children grow up ungovernable, 
 petulant, unamiable ; a dread to others, and misery to them- 
 selves. At table, they eat more like pigs than well-behaved 
 children, and if there are strangers in the house, the child- 
 ren, and the thought how they may conduct themselves, are 
 a source of constant anxiety and dread. They are under 
 no control, because they are the victims of a scold." 
 
 " Ah, Lillie," said Salinda, " I see you have 
 been getting acquainted with the family of 
 Hoyden's, in Father Bright Hopes. In that 
 case both father and mother were scolds ; it is 
 therefore no wonder the children were uncon- 
 trollable." 
 
 " And I see," said Mr. Savery, " that Lillie 
 
14:2 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 has had a very good assistant in making up 
 her composition. I am quite interested. Have 
 you any more, my daughter?" 
 
 " Yes, sir ; but I was just going to ask you 
 if I should go on. I am afraid I shall tire you 
 all out, with my crudities." 
 
 " I will answer for them, sister," said Frank ; 
 " when they are tired they will begin to yawn 
 or go to sleep while you are reading. 
 
 I am thinking, father, that mother had 
 about as much to do with this composition as 
 sister. I wish we could have it printed ; for I 
 think it would do good to a great many other 
 families." 
 
 " No doubt, my boy ; but let us listen what 
 more she has for us, as it is not late yet." 
 
 Lillie proceeded with cheerfulness, being 
 thus encouraged. She even felt proud that a 
 part of it was attributed to her mother, though 
 she had never seen it it was only her ideas, 
 often instilled into a susceptible mind. She 
 read on. 
 
 " One of the best rules of household economy is order, 
 Bystem, regularity. Have fixed hours for meals, and if you 
 have servants, make them understand that every meal must 
 
HOW TO CUBE WANT OF PUNCTUALITY. 14:3 
 
 be as regularly on the table, as though the starting of a 
 railroad train depended upon it. Otherwise you will have 
 collisions all day. Make punctuality the household law. If 
 a child is not punctual at meal-time, fasting w'.ll soon cure 
 the fault. Some girls in the kitchen are never punctual 
 with meals. Don't scold. Tell them mildly what will be 
 the consequence, at the first failure ; and the second, re- 
 mind them that the offence cannot be repeated with impu- 
 nity ; and give a prompt dismissal for the third failure. 
 
 " A gentleman who had been the torment of his first wife 
 in never coming to his meals when ready, married a second 
 one who was made up of clock-work. She found remon- 
 strance was useless ; but she ascertained that he was a very 
 close calculator of dollars and cents, and she adopted this 
 plan. She opened an account, and charged him with the 
 time of every member of the family, every minute they were 
 delayed by his neglect. She also charged the deterioration 
 of dishes and loss of food by standing till they got cold and 
 sodden ; for she bad everything put upon the table at the 
 exact moment. 
 
 " At the end of a month she laid the bill upon his plate 
 one morning. The man was astounded. His face flashed 
 fire, but his eye rested upon a smile on the face of his wife. 
 ' Don't you think,' said she, ' that that is a sum worth sav- 
 ing !' ' Wife,' said he, ' if you will allow me a credit for 
 every day I am punctual hereafter, equal to the daily charge 
 here, I will try to balance this account.' One month from 
 that day she gave him a receipt in full. * In fact,' said she, 
 ' I think there is still a small balance in your favor. Here 
 it ii.' And she threw her arms around his neck and kissed 
 
144 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 him fondly. ' So much,' said he, ' for learning me the value 
 of punctuality.' 
 
 " It is very bad economy to neglect the opportunity of 
 leisure moments in every household, to cultivate the intel- 
 lect. If possible, there should be an allotment of a portion 
 of every day, where there are children, to make them know 
 one thing more than they knew the day before. 
 
 " The father as he comes from the field may pick up three 
 stones, by which he can teach them the names and charac- 
 ter of three kinds of rock. Here is the hard granite, called 
 a primitive rock ; and here is still harder quartz ; and here 
 is the limestone that was perhaps trickling as a liquid over 
 the others, centuries after they were formed. 
 
 " The mother as she picks the cowslip the tender dock 
 the young shoots of cokeberry plant the pig-weed or 
 lamb's quarter the purslain the star plant for greens, in 
 the spring season, could give her children useful lessons in 
 botany. So of every flower and fruit through summer; 
 toach them their formation, properties and use. 
 
 " Almost every country housekeeper knows that the bark 
 of the common elder is medicinal 5 but there are two who 
 believe it must be scraped up or down, I forget which, or it 
 loses all its virtue, to one that knows why, or what healing 
 power it possesses. Stew the bark in laid, no matter 
 which way it was scraped, and it will make a healing oint- 
 ment for all sores. 
 
 " Carrots prepared in the same way, make an ointment, 
 perhaps, that excels all others for old sores. What house- 
 keeper who thinks carrots indispensable in soup, ever thinks 
 to inquire why they are so? Much more, if she knows, to 
 
BOTANY, AND ITS BENEFITS. 14:5 
 
 teach her children that it is because they contain an excess 
 over other vegetables of pectic acid, which assists to gelatin, 
 ize that property of the meat in the liquid, and render the 
 soup richer. 
 
 " How many know when they read of the okra plant, what 
 it is, or that its pods furnish one of the richest vegetable 
 substances that grow, for soup ? 
 
 " Botany j household botany; botany of food-bearing 
 plants, if taught children, would enable many persons to 
 live far more comfortably and healthily than they do in 
 their ignorance. 
 
 " A better knowledge of botany would promote the cul- 
 tivation of flowers, and offer an endless source of amuse- 
 ment and enjoyment to children ; besides promoting their 
 health. It would be a true source of economy. It would 
 use up little waste portions of time. 
 
 " The use and value of money should be early taught to 
 children. One of the most effectual ways to do this is to 
 learn them, as far as may be, to make their own purchases, 
 and to keep an account of the cost of everything purchased 
 for them. This should be footed up every year, and thus a 
 young lady who never earned a dollar, might see how many 
 she had cost. Such an account, too, would serve her as a guide 
 to know how much many useless articles had cost, and how 
 soon a little income could be absorbed in flimsy dresses. 
 
 " It is poor economy for a woman to spend days and 
 weeks upon a piece of ornamental needlework, and at the 
 same time hire her plain sewing done. It is generally poor 
 economy to hire work done that you could just as well do 
 yourself. 
 
14:6 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED 
 
 " Cheap articles are not always economical one*. I kneir 
 a family who furnished a house with cheap furniture. In 
 three years the carpets had all to be replaced. A set of 
 parlor chairs and sofa had cost twenty-five per cent, of the 
 original price in repairs. A cheap piano had been sent 
 back, and a new one bought. And so on of all the articles 
 in the house. An addition of fifty per cent, to the first 
 cost, would have been fifty per cent, saved. 
 
 " No one, whether rich or poor, whether owner or not, 
 has a right to destroy anything that would be useful to 
 another. 
 
 " ' I can do as I please with my own,' is false philosophy. 
 Property is a loan of Providence that we must account for 
 strictly. If you have an old garment that you do not want, 
 some one else of God's creatures does j and you have no 
 right wantonly to destroy it because you are the acknow- 
 ledged owner. 
 
 " The gift of an old coat may sow the seed that will ripen 
 you a valuable field. An old bed-quilt that you have cast 
 aside, may save a poor woman from a fit of rheumatism ; 
 or that pair of old boots, if given to some poor boy instead 
 of being thrown into the fire, might enable him to go to 
 school, and afterwards perhaps to Congress, or what would 
 be still better, become a useful mechanic. 
 
 " Economy in all expenditures is not parsimony. A man 
 or woman may be saving, without being niggardly. A per- 
 son may be generous without being lavish. Carelessness of 
 expense is no mark of wealth or respectability. And cer- 
 tainly a mean disposition to cheapen, and beat down tbo 
 price of goods, or hire cheap labor, is not a mark of a gen- 
 erous mind. 
 
ECONOMY IS NOT 'AKSIMtNY. 
 
 " Some persons are afraid to say, * I cannot afford it.' 
 They forget that is the highest recommendation of credit. 
 It is no mark of want of money it is an evidence of pru- 
 dence in expenditures. 
 
 " Many a family have been ruined because the husband 
 could not say to some extravagant demand of his young 
 wife, who had never learned the value of money, or the ruin 
 of following a foolish fashion," I can't afford it.' 
 
 14 To a demand of some poor suffering widow, however, 
 for a trifling assistance, a great many of those most guilty 
 of extravagance, are ready to say, ' I can't afford it.' 
 
 " No person can afford to be sick, and therefore the art 
 of preserving health should be constantly taught in all 
 families and schools. It is not generally taught in churches, 
 for of all other places they are the worst ventilated. Many 
 of our school-rooms too. are the hot-beds where the seeds 
 of disease are planted. Few nurseries are nurseries of 
 health. Bed-rooms are places where the living are en- 
 tombed. Neither body nor mind can enjoy health without a 
 constant contact with pure air. 
 
 " The best advice in regard to the management of ser- 
 vants and children, is to avoid fault-finding. It never cures 
 the fault. If pleasant words and good advice will not do 
 it, you may as well give up. Don't fret whenever you find 
 that those you have directed to do certain work, have not 
 the judgment of yourself, or have lacked energy, 01 failed 
 to execute your orders. Inexperienced minds lack fore- 
 thought. They do not lack sensitiveness when chided for a 
 fault. If the chiding is oft repeated perhaps when least 
 deserved the ear grows dull and mind hardened, aud 
 instead of reform, a fixed carelessness ensue*. 
 
148 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " There is economy as well as humanity, in the care of 
 the sick ; for with a proper care the patient may recover, 
 instead of lingering through a long confinement. The dis- 
 ease of the mind is often equal to that of the body, and re- 
 quires constant watchfulness and cheerfulness on the part 
 of those in charge. It is well said that recovery depends 
 more upon the nurse than the physician. A good nurse will 
 always keep a room well ventilated, and in neat order. To 
 some minds, it is a cause of deep distress when sick to see 
 everything in confusion. 
 
 " Never ask a sick person what he or she would like to 
 bave to eat ; but provide some little delicacy that is suita- 
 ble, and bring it on a waiter covered with a clean napkin, 
 and only such a minute quantity as will be sufficient, and 
 not sicken the weak stomach at the sight of so much that 
 cannot be eaten. 
 
 " There is nothing more valuable in a sick-room than 
 chloride of lime. It keeps the atmosphere healthy, even in 
 uch horrid diseases as the small-pox. 
 
 " For a convenient cheap disinfector, coffee is the most 
 readily used and quick in its action, and rarely offensive to 
 any one. Put a few grains upon any hot iron, and roast it 
 in the room from which you wish to remove the effluvia. 
 In a moment you will smell nothing but the coffee. Cop- 
 peras, dissolved and sprinkled about is a good disinfector. 
 Care must toe taken not to let it fall upon white cloth, as it 
 makes a permanent stain. Acids are used for disinfectors, 
 but the smell to some persona is disagreeable. We know 
 one who would rather smell a skunk than vinegar fumes 
 while heated. Burnt sugar makes an agre^ble smell, and 
 
SPECIFICS PREVENTIVES- AMUSEMENTS. 149 
 
 BO des the sinell of burning rosin ; but delicate lungs may 
 be offended with the smoke. 
 
 " I shall only mention two or three specifics, and that 
 only because but little known. 
 
 " In small-pox, the pits can be entirely prevented, by cov- 
 ering the pustules as fast as they break, witb a coating of 
 collodian, a liquid cuticle, sold at all the drug shops. In 
 malignant erysipelas, a poultice of cranberries will effect a 
 cure when all other remedies fail, 
 
 " In all bowel complaints, the only certain remedy, tha 
 is worthy the name of specific, is a tea made of the bark of 
 the sweet gum tree (Liquid Amber), that grows all over tho 
 United States, south of latitude 41. It is an invaluable 
 medicine for children. 
 
 " But the best medicine, and the best nurse in the world, 
 is the one that prevents rather than cures sickness. 
 
 "Under the head of preventives, for they are promoters 
 of health, I would rank family amusements. These, where 
 well conducted, prepare the body and mind for the actual 
 duties of life. Some children need amusement as much as 
 they need food. If every father would play cards with his 
 son, and at the same time teach him the evils of gambling, 
 and the contempt of all respectable people for such an oc- 
 cupation, the gambling trade would soon cease to exist. 
 
 " But I do not by any means recommend card-playing. 
 It is an idle game, from which nothing of practical utility 
 is to be learned. Many other games belong to the same 
 category. Some, however, that appear childish to a man, 
 may be very properly indulged in by children. Rolling 
 ten-pins ; pitching quoits ; skating ; playing ball ; are all 
 
150 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 manly exercises, but all may be indulged in by girls with 
 advantage to the development of their physical strength, 
 and without detriment to their morality. 
 
 4f Dancing for amusement, and not for dissipation, should 
 not be placed under the ban of the strictest moralist. 
 
 " Singing for amusement should be encouraged, and ex- 
 tensively practiced by all families. So should practice upon 
 musical instruments. 
 
 "In-door amusements for children home plays induce- 
 ments to spend the evenings at home should be constantly 
 studied by every parent. The most feasible, and the one 
 which should be kept the most prominent, is family read- 
 ing, and family lectures, where all are made to feel an in- 
 terest in the reader, or speaker, or his subject. 
 
 " A great deal of useful labor may be done in every 
 family, not as labor, but as a source of amusement, by 
 which the mind is employed. Such is the cultivation of a 
 garden. Few children, who have become accustomed to 
 tending a garden, would be willing to dispense with it, be- 
 CAUse it is their amusement. It is their happiness to see the 
 flowers and fruit grow ; and they show them to their com- 
 panions with as much satisfaction as the builder of a ship 
 would show his work to a company of merchants. 
 
 " In all things encourage your children to amuse them- 
 selves with something useful ; but if they strike upon a vein 
 of mirth, or something ridiculous, do not restrain their 
 laughter. Laugh and grow fat, is a meaning proverb. 
 Laughter expands the lungs and promotes health. Do not 
 tell a child that it is wicked to laugh. Learn them not to 
 laugh at wicked stories, or stale, vulgar jokes, and never to 
 
THINGS TO LEARN. 151 
 
 be boisterous. Let them be merry. Let the little girl 
 laugh with her doll, and not tell her it is ' BO childish,' and 
 that * she ought to be ashamed of herself ' and to ' try and 
 see if she can't be a lady.' Depend upon it, she will ape 
 the lady soon enough without any hot-house cultivation of 
 the faculty of imitation. 
 
 " One of the early habits that should be taught children, 
 is to take care of their own clothes ; and boy or girl, as 
 soon as big enough, should learn to mend, and the value of 
 that old adage, ' a stitch in time saves nine.' " 
 
 " There is another thing that children should 
 learn," said Lillie, closing her book, and rising, 
 "and that is the habit which I have acquired 
 from the good example of my parents, not to 
 continue my reading till I tire out my audi- 
 ence, or until it is past our usual hour of re- 
 tirement. It is bed-time. You must forgive 
 me one and all if I have trespassed upon good 
 breeding, in my anxiety to finish in one even- 
 ing, what has occupied me a month in prepar- 
 ing." 
 
 Mr. Savery expressed his high satisfaction 
 at her successful production, and Salinda de- 
 clared that she had learned more than she ever 
 did before from any lecturer of the many she 
 had listened to. Mrs. Savery, owing to the 
 
152 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 suspicion that she was partly entitled to the 
 authorship, said nothing. Not so with Frank. 
 " Now, sister Lillie, that is all very good, so 
 far as it goes ; but only think how much bet- 
 ter it would be if it was printed in a nice book, 
 which might be read by thousands in all 
 coming years." 
 
 That idea embodied a thought. "It is 
 worth thinking about," said Mrs. Savery. 
 
 It is worth thinking about, whether the 
 readers of this book are satisfied ; and, if like 
 Salinda, they think they have learned more 
 than from the discourse of a lecturer of much 
 higher pretensions than this school-girl, they 
 should also think to whom they are indebted 
 for it. Primarily, to be sure, to the writer, 
 but certainly to Frank Savery ; for it is owing 
 to his suggestion of "how much better it 
 would be," that it is here printed in this nice 
 book, to be read by whole generations of such 
 good children as Salinda, Lillie and Frank. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 Saturday Salinda in the Kitchen Preparation for Sunday 
 Visit to the Country. 
 
 SATURDAY in the Savery family, Salinda 
 found to be what it should be in the family 
 of all Christendom preparation for a day set 
 apart for cessation from labor devotion rest 
 throughout all the nations that worship God 
 through Christ. 
 
 By special invitation she spent the forenoon 
 in the kitchen. Susan was preparing food for 
 Sunday, so as to avoid cooking as far as possi- 
 ble. With that view she made a large, plain 
 rice-pudding. It was a common-sized milk- 
 pan full. 
 
 " I do this," said she, " because a rice-pud- 
 ding is really better cold than hot, and this 
 will serve to-morrow and Monday also ; for 
 then I shall be busy washing, and Mrs. Savery 
 will get the dinner*" 
 
 7* 
 
154: ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " No ; that I intend to do myself, if you and 
 she are willing." 
 
 " Certainly, with all my heart ; and I can 
 tell you everything while I am at work just as 
 well. I always put raisins in rice-puddings, 
 because they add a nice flavor. I generally 
 cut them, and put them in soak over night, or 
 a few hours before using ; but you must be 
 careful to use the water as well as fruit. I 
 put my cinnamon in soak with the raisins, as 
 I always use whole sticks, and if it is put in 
 the rice dry it does not always give up all 
 the strength. I soak my rice soft, before I 
 mix it with the milk. It should bake slowly 
 about two hours." 
 
 " What are you soaking this meat for ?" 
 " That is the edge bone of the round the 
 most economical piece of meat in the whole 
 beef. I shall boil that directly, till it is nice 
 and tender, and in the liquor I shall put all 
 that pan of roast meat bones, which I have 
 been saving all the week, and add my vege- 
 tables, and make such a nice pot of soup and, 
 as you see, all for nothing. That soup is for 
 to-morrow. You must be careful never to let 
 
FREPARIN0 FOR St'NDAY. 155 
 
 soup cool in the iron pot in which it is cooked. 
 T take it -out and pour it through the cullender 
 into the soup tureen. It sometimes, particu- 
 larly if I use a good many carrots, gelatinizes 
 so as to be like a jelly. This I heat up to- 
 morrow in a cieaa tin kettle. 
 
 " The meat I shall take out, and while it is 
 wet, I sprinkle it all over with pulverized 
 cracker or nisk bread, with whatever season- 
 ing is agreeable to the family. Some use gar- 
 lic or onions, and various herbs. We prefer 
 everything plain. I use a little salt, pepper, 
 thyme, and afterwards garnish with parsley. 
 This meat I put in a dish in a hqt oven, just 
 long enough to brown the outside. You will 
 say to-morrow that it is very nice, and quite 
 as good as though it was hot. This also serves 
 for Monday, dinner and tea, and very life for 
 breakfast Tuesday. My potatoes I prepare to- 
 day, by boiling and mashing, and putting in 
 this tin pan. If I have a fire in the range, 
 I clap the pan in the oven, first glazing the 
 top with the white of an egg. It browns and 
 heats through directly. If I use nothing but 
 this little charcoal furnace, I put the pan in 
 
156 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 this little bake-oven, first heating the lid, and 
 set the whole over the coals. This and the 
 soup is all that I have to cook. When pota- 
 toes are better fresh boiled, I can boil a mess 
 and heat my soup with a quart of coal. 
 
 " To-morrow we shall have for dinner, cold 
 meat and cold rice-pudding, and hot soup and 
 potatoes, with lettuce and radishes. Perhaps 
 Mr. Savery will bring a lobster this evening." 
 
 u And what about breakfast I Do you cook 
 for breakfast ?" 
 
 " Yery little. I make a cup of tea, or cocoa. 
 If I have cold potatoes I fry them. Then, 
 with a little cold boiled ham, or corn beef, or 
 tongue, or leg of mutton, with fruits in their 
 season, we make a nice Sunday breakfast, 
 without roasting the cook's face for it. To- 
 morrow morning we shall have strawberries, 
 and bread and butter, and cottage-cheese ; all 
 but the bread, fresh from Mr, Savery's mo- 
 ther's farm, a few miles out of town. The old 
 lady has written that she would send them, 
 but all hands are going out this evening for a 
 ride, and to get these luxuries. I don't know 
 as I ought to have mentioned it, as I believe 
 
ICED TEA. 157 
 
 they wanted to give you a little surprise, but 
 I forgot that. But you see I shall have no 
 cooking to-morrow morning, and very little all 
 day." 
 
 " How admirably you have everything ar- 
 ranged so as not to interfere with the Sabbath, 
 and yet you will have a better and far more 
 wholesome breakfast and dinner, than many 
 that are obtained by toil and privations of all 
 the privileges and enjoyments of that day. 
 But how about tea? What do you provide 
 for that?" 
 
 " For to-morrow I shail make a nice custard, 
 This, with the cottage- cheese or, as some call 
 it, smear-case and radishes, with bread and 
 butter, and a bit of the cold beef, if any one 
 wants it, will make a nice hearty meal. Some- 
 times, in warm weather, I make the tea when 
 I have fire, in the fore part of the day, and 
 cork it tight in a bottle, aod then I put it in 
 the tea-pot over a spirit-lamp, and heat it in 
 five minutes, so that I have no h^e at all in the 
 afternoon. Last summer we got in the habit 
 of taking the tea iced, and really thought it 
 better than when hot." 
 
158 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 While these arrangements were going on in 
 the kitchen, preparatory to Sunday, Frank 
 was as busy as a bee in the garden, and Lillie, 
 with her long coarse apron, and snug cap, was 
 all over the house, sweeping and dusting, and 
 " setting things to rights." Mrs. Savery was 
 industriously engaged upon a summer coat for 
 her husband, for it was his boast that he had 
 never worn one made by any other hands 
 gp'nce he was married, and that no man went 
 neater dressed than himself. 
 
 After dinner, Mr. Savery said to his wife, 
 " What time shall we start ? I told Henry to 
 bring the wagon round at two o'clock. Will 
 you all be ready ?" 
 
 Mrs. Savery thought he had better take the 
 girls and Frank, and leave her, she had so 
 much to do. 
 
 ;i That is the very reason why you should 
 go. There is nothing that enables us to do so 
 much as an occasional day of rest a little 
 recreation, or relaxation from labor." 
 
 Mrs. Savery said, " It would not be a day 
 of rest to her, for she should come home much 
 more tired than though she remained." 
 
MISTRESS AND SERVANTS. 159 
 
 " Even so ; and still it will be beneficial to 
 you. No doubt you will feel fatigued, but you 
 will sleep all the sounder, and feel refreshed 
 in the morning, much more than though you 
 had not taken the ride in the fresh air. Your 
 work here will be more fatiguing than the ride.' 7 
 
 " Suppose you let me stay, and take Susan. 
 I am sure she needs it more than me. Poor 
 girl, she has little chance of recreation. Her 
 task is work, work, day after day." 
 
 "And pray, what is yours different from 
 ir'me, except that you work and have the care, 
 w hile I have none. I am able and willing to 
 work, and very contented. I don't feel as 
 tl'ough I should be willing to change places 
 with you or any other mistress of a family. 
 And I don't think that any sensible girl 
 would, if every mistress would treat their ser- 
 vants as you do." 
 
 " Susan," said Mr. Savery, " if all girla 
 were like you, with sense enough to know 
 when they are well off, there would be fewer 
 unhappy, discontented, fretful mistresses of 
 families. Many who marry are no more fit 
 for the station they assume, than rny horse that 
 
160 ECONOMY ILLTJSTEATED. 
 
 Henry has just driven up to the door. So now 
 to end the difficulty as to which shall go, I will 
 take you all. Come, hurrah, get ready." 
 
 However, Susan concluded, with her cook- 
 ing on hand, that she could not leave, and 
 would not consent that either of the others 
 should stay in her place, though both of the 
 girls urged her to accept their services. 
 
 It was a plain open wagon with two seats. 
 Salinda begged the privilege of sitting with 
 Mr. Savery on the forward one, that she might 
 learn to drive. This he was pleased to give 
 her an opportunity to do, because, said he, "I 
 look upon it as a part of the education of a 
 girl that never should be overlooked, though 
 it generally is, that she should learn horse- 
 manship. Every one should be taught how, 
 so that upon emergency; if not for pleasure, 
 she could take charge of a horse, or a pair." 
 
 " My sister Clara, then, suits your ideas ex- 
 actly," said Mrs. Savery. u She can, if neces- 
 sary, go to the stable and hitch up her horse 
 sometimes she does a pair and take the 
 children or a companion into the wagon, and 
 drive off a dozen miles ; and she takes prido 
 
.REQUISITES FOB A GOOD DKIVER. 161 
 
 in driving by everybody on the road She is 
 perfectly fearless and independent with a 
 horse, either in a wagon or when she is on his 
 back." 
 
 " It truly is an accomplishment," said Sa- 
 linda, " that I should feel proud of ; and one 
 that I will acquire, if Charley keeps a horse. 
 There is something excitingly pleasant, in 
 guiding a noble animal like this along a good 
 road. Do you think I could make myself a 
 good driver ?" 
 
 "There is not the least doubt of it. You 
 have the very first requisite for it." 
 
 " "What is that ?" 
 
 "A calm temper, and freedom from that 
 nervous impatience which runs out to the very 
 finger ends of some people, and keeps them 
 constantly twitching at the reins, or using the 
 whip, or speaking sharply to urge the horse 
 forward. Such driving will spoil any horse. 
 The temper of the driver always seems to me 
 to affect the horse. If one is gentle, the other 
 is. A horse soon learns to know his driver, 
 and frequently there is a warm affection growd 
 up between them. Scolding and twitching a 
 
162 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 horse will spoil him as sure as the same treat- 
 ment will spoil a child. This horse is gentle 
 and playful, yet spirited. I never knew him 
 play a trick with a woman or child. A man 
 or boy whom he does not know had better keep 
 his eyes open. He would soon learn to know 
 you. He would distinguish the very touch 
 of your hand on the rein, it is so steady and 
 firm, without pulling. Your voice, too, is 
 soft ; a horse is as easily charmed by such a 
 voice, as a man. There is great magnetic 
 power in the human voice." 
 
 " "What makes him prick up his ears now 
 and start forward?" 
 
 " It is because his ear is quicker than yours 
 or mine. There is another horse on the road, 
 and he hears him coming round the bend, and 
 is not disposed to be passed. Now you hear 
 what he heard at first." 
 
 " Oh, will he want to run to keep ahead ?" 
 said Salinda, with a slight suspicion that her 
 horsemanship might be insufficient in a race. 
 
 " Not unless you wish him. He is ready 
 for a word of command. Speak to him as you 
 give a gentle, though sudden, pull on the bit 
 
DOOLITTLE-8 NEW TURN-OUT. 163 
 
 Ned, steady, sir. You see how easily he sub- 
 sides. Ah, there they come; a dashing pair 
 of pampered greys, and open barouche, with 
 driver in livery." 
 
 " Oh, father," said Lillie, looking back, " it 
 is the Doolittles, with their new turn-out. 
 Mrs. D., Kitty, and Triphenia, with her 
 bearded beau." 
 
 " Has Doolittle bought that establishment?" 
 snid Mr. Savery. " The man is crazy. I 
 understand now how it is that Tom "Whip was 
 hawking Doolittle's notes for fifteen hundred 
 dollars, through the streets, at twenty-five per 
 cent, discount. A man doing a business cer- 
 tainly not worth over two thousand dollars a 
 year a mere mechanic and a hard-working, 
 honest mechanic, too for that is Doolittle's 
 character, if it is not his name to buy a fifteen 
 hundred dollar carriage and horses, just to 
 gratify his weak-minded, vain wife, and badly- 
 educated, proud daughters the thought is 
 sickening. Poor Doolittle ! the best wish that 
 I can give him, in all honesty of heart, for I 
 do feel that I am an old friend, is that he may 
 never live tr see the ruin that is rapidly coming 
 
164 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 upon his family. No mortal Land can avert it. 
 If the Maine law had been in force ten years 
 ago, his reasoning faculties might have been 
 saved. "Without being thought a drinking 
 man, he has taken enough to ruin his intellect, 
 and leave him an easy prey to the folly of his 
 gad-about, do-nothing, instead of Doolittle, 
 wife. The man is ruined." 
 
 It is not likely that the load of jewel-bediz- 
 zened pride that swept fay in their velvet-cush- 
 ioned, easy carriage, as they looked out from 
 the cloud of silks and laces, upon the occu- 
 pants of that humble wagon, had an idea that 
 the time would ever come to them again, 
 when they would be obliged to travel in so 
 mean a conveyance, as a plain one-horse 
 buggy. 
 
 "Oh, Kitty! for mercy sake give me my 
 smelling-bottle, or I shall faint ;" said Triphe- 
 nia, as their carriage swept by, bringing her 
 as she sat forward, almost face to face with 
 Salinda. 
 
 " Dear me !" said her mother and sister, 
 " what is the matter ? You look pale. We 
 had better drive back to town at once the 
 
THE DOOLITTLES' REFLECTIONS. 165 
 
 country air never agreed with Triphenia--she 
 is so delicate." 
 
 She was eighteen, and weighed a hundred 
 and thirty-five, and if she looked pale, it was 
 the pale of fuller's earth or pearl white. She 
 was too much affected to answer her mother's 
 anxious inquiries after her health, and so Mr. 
 George Alexander Waltringham, the " gentler 
 man from the South," ventured to suggest that 
 " those vulgar people in that wagon that one- 
 horse wagon had pretended to try to recog- 
 nize her as an acquaintance, which had shocked 
 her very susceptible nervous system. There 
 was a very bold, forward, pert young miss, 
 some country ga^vky, I suppose, sitting on the 
 forward seat with a common-looking sort of 
 man, driving the horse, while he took it easy. 
 We never see such things in Georgia. I think 
 it was the vulgar look of the thing that made 
 her feel faint." 
 
 "Yes, mother ; and I think you would have 
 tainted too, if you had seen what I did. That 
 girl that George Alexander describes so cor- 
 rectly, was Salinda Lovewell, driving that old 
 lumber wagon of the Saverys, with the whole 
 
166 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 family packed up together. Don't you think 
 the merchant's daughter is coming down in 
 the world? I hope you don't blame us now 
 for cutting her acquaintance. I really don't 
 know what the world is coming to. I could 
 not nave believed it if I had not seen it with 
 my own eyes. It is enough to make any one 
 feel faint, who knows what good society is." 
 
 Good society ! ! Heaven bless us ! Five 
 years ago, the Doolittle family would have 
 been very glad to ride in as good a wagon 
 with a borrowed horse. Now they rolled 
 away in a very atmosphere of their own, that 
 shut out all reminiscences of scenes of early 
 life and old acquaintances. 
 
 Doolittle himself was an honest, hard-work- 
 ing mechanic, but lacking that stability of 
 mind which would have enabled him to resist 
 the outside pressure of a weak-minded, proud 
 woman, who was bringing up her children in 
 idleness and frivolity, he had been forced to 
 abandon a comfortable country home, for a 
 fashionable city residence and an expensive 
 mode of living, that, notwithstanding h'ts large 
 increase of business would lead him to one 
 
TALK ON THE EOAD. 167 
 
 inevitable result one tnat sooner or later 
 overtakes every one who lives beyond his 
 income. 
 
 For a man, situated as Doolittle was, to buy 
 a pair of horses and carriage, Savery looked 
 upon as only one remove from insanity. 
 
 " I do not envy them," said Salinda, as they 
 sailed away past the humble, yet very com- 
 fortable wagon in which she was riding. 
 
 " You need not," replied Mr. Savery, " but 
 they will you, if all of you live five years. 
 Have you ever visited the family ?" 
 
 " I have not, though frequently urged to do 
 BO by Mrs. Doolittle and the girls, who often 
 call upon my mother. I don't know that I 
 should be welcome now, as I was told they 
 intended to cut my acquaintance, after, as 
 they said, I had turned kitchen girl " 
 
 " For the Saverys. Put it all in ; we heard 
 of it, but did not feel offended," added Mrs. 
 Savery. " Depend upon it, if we should call 
 there, we should be in danger of being eaten 
 up if we were sugar, they would be so sweet 
 upon us." 
 
 "I wish, wife, that you would try it; as 
 
168 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 everything is judged by contrast, it would be 
 well for Salinda to learn how others live, as 
 well as those she is associated with." 
 
 "Oh, there is grandmother," exclaimed 
 Frank, a good deal more interested in looking 
 ahead for the first sight of that much honored 
 old lady, than anything his father and mother 
 were saying about the Doolittles, or anybody 
 else. 
 
 Mrs. Whitlock was a lady in the true mean- 
 ing of that term. She was of the old Puritan 
 stock. For a dozen years she had been a 
 widow, but in all that appertained to the man- 
 agement of the farm, a scrutinizing neighbor 
 said he could see no change since her husband's 
 death. 
 
 Mr. Whitlock was a man of rare good sense. 
 Years before his death, he made his will. It 
 was short and pertinent. " My wife," he said, 
 " has been thirty years my partner in business, 
 and in company we have accumulated some 
 property. If she dies first, the law gives me 
 the entire management, without noticing her 
 death any more than it would the death of my 
 horse. If I die first, she is accounted by law 
 
A SENSIBLE WILL. 169 
 
 as nobody, and barely permitted to have a little 
 portion of what I leave. All the property 
 must be sold, whether anybody wishes it or 
 not. The sanctuary of the house is invaded by 
 strangers, to make an inventory of all I may 
 leave behind. The law does not permit my old 
 partner to carry on my old business, for the 
 benefit of our children, or creditors. The con- 
 cern must be broken up. Such is the law. 
 Therefore, I make a will. This the law must 
 execute. I constitute my aforesaid partner, my 
 sole heir, executor, and guardian of my child- 
 ren and property. I trust she will continue 
 the partnership business, if she deems it advisa- 
 ble, just so long as she considers it profitable, 
 and that she will pay all my debts, and dispose 
 of my property, which will then be solely hers, 
 in just such a manner as she sees proper." 
 
 Every man that has such a wife, should 
 make such a will. 
 
 Mrs. Whitlock was in the front porch when 
 the wagon drove up. It was such an unu- 
 sual thing for her to come out to see a cais 
 riage pass, that she felt as though she 
 apologize for such an idle curiosity. 
 S 
 
170 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 The children could hardly wait for the wagon 
 to stop, before they were out, and through the 
 gate, and up the steps, to give grandmother 
 the first kiss. Mr. and Mrs. Savery both 
 greeted the old lady in the same way. The 
 children came naturally by their affectionate 
 dispositions. 
 
 "And this," said the old lady, "is Nat 
 Lovewell's daughter. I knew her mother be- 
 fore she was her age. I am really happy on 
 her account, to welcome you to my house. 
 Come in. I need not ask if you are all well 
 yonr countenances tell that." 
 
 " Oh, grandma, were you out looking foi 
 us?" 
 
 " No indeed, for I did not know you were 
 coming. I was going to send the things down 
 by Sam this evening. But I am very glad 
 you have come, for now you can pick the ber 
 ries yourselves ; I know you will like that. 
 
 " I was out looking at that splendid carriage 
 no, not at the carriage, either, exactly ; but 
 Sam had been telling me about it, and just 
 then Debby saw it coming, and insisted that I 
 should come out and look ; at the same time 
 
THE WELCOME TO THE FARM-HOUSE. 171 
 
 quoting the old proverb repeated by Sam, of 
 * put a beggar on horseback and he will ride 
 to the devil.' You know Sam feels a little 
 bitter towards the Doolittles since Triphenia 
 jilted him for her ' Southern planter,' as she 
 calls him, though Sam insists upon it that he 
 is nothing but a blackleg, horse-racer, and I 
 don't know what all. Well, well, never mind 
 the Doolittles I am heartily glad that my son 
 is clear of his engagement to marry one of 
 them, for I think they will all go to ruin. 
 
 " Now, children, you go and pick the ber- 
 ries, and I will get the smear-case ready, and 
 your mother, and what is your name ? for I 
 never can call you Miss Lovewell may take 
 a walk round, or sit here until I get through 
 my work. I want you Salinda, is it? to 
 feel at home, and never mind me. You are just 
 as welcome as though I made a fuss about it." 
 
 " Can't we help you, mother, about your 
 work?" 
 
 " Oh, la ! no. I don't want any help. Deb- 
 by will get the butter ready. She is working 
 it over now. I can hear her patting with the 
 butter ladle." 
 
172 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 "Cant we," said Salinda, "go out among 
 the chickens, and in the orchard, and look 
 through the garden ?" 
 
 " Oh, yes, do. You will find the calves in 
 that lot. I do think our old yellow cow's calf 
 this year, excels any former one. The butcher 
 offered me twelve dollars, a week ago, but I 
 told him that I should make it better worth 
 fifteen. He laughed, and said he didn't doubt 
 it. Then we have such a lot of pigs real 
 butter-milk pigs* Sam says they will sell in 
 a month from now at a better profit than after 
 they have eaten ten bushels of corn apiece. 
 I reckon there is something in it. The true 
 economy of farming is to sell things when they 
 bring the most profit, not when they bring the 
 most money. Oh, do go and look at my lambs, 
 Jotham, you used to be so fond of lambs whem 
 you lived at home." 
 
 Finally, all the others concluded that they 
 wanted to see the lambs and calves, and pigs, 
 and chickens, and so they would all go togeth- 
 er ; but Mrs. Whitlock said, " You forget, chil- 
 dren, one of my precepts. Always do your 
 work first and play afterwards. You have 
 
THE OLD FARM-HOUSE DESCRIBED. 173 
 
 your terries to pick, and you are to have just 
 as many as* you choose to gather. Better do 
 that first" 
 
 "So we had, mother," said Mrs. Savery, 
 " and therefore we will all go and do that, and 
 then do our running about." 
 
 " That is very well. Many hands make 
 light work, is another of my maxims. You 
 know where to find the baskets, and while you 
 are about it, you may pick enough for our 
 tea." 
 
 She said truly, that they knew where to find 
 the baskets. Everybody that ever knew once 
 might know in all future time ; for everything 
 had a place, and everything when used must 
 be returned to its place. It was no wonder 
 that order was the law of Mrs. Savery's house. 
 She inherited it from her mother. 
 
 Every tree, shrub, vine, plant, all partook 
 of the same appearance of order, neat arrange- 
 ment, taste, aud adaptation to their several 
 eituations. 
 
 The house was one of those old-fashioned 
 ones, still common in New England, which, 
 for a farm-house it is difficult to improve. Tho 
 
 i 
 
174 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 9 
 
 objection to them now is that since wood has 
 grown scarce, it costs too much to keep up the 
 fire in the great chimney in the centre of the 
 house ; upon each side of which in front, there 
 is a "square room," one of which is the 
 " spare room," and the other the " common 
 room." Behind the chimney is a great 
 kitchen, with its enormous fire -place and oven. 
 At one end of the kitchen is the stairway, and 
 passage to the " end door," and a buttery ; and 
 at the other end is a bed-room. There is a 
 " settle " on one side of the fire-place, and a 
 blue dye-tub in one corner. A long, heavy 
 oak table stands by the windows, with a back 
 Beat, a bench fixed to the wall. There is a 
 " lean to " behind for a milk-room and sink 
 room, just outside of which is the great stone- 
 walled well, where 
 
 " The old oaken bucket, the iron-boani bucket," 
 
 dangles from the long pole and great crotch 
 and sweep. Then comes the u clothes-yard," 
 a broad piece of turf, as smooth as a carpet. 
 Even here, order and economy are exhibited 
 fc saving the clothes line from the weather, or 
 
A NEW ENGLAND HOME. 175 
 
 necessity of taking it down by hand and carry- 
 ing it into the house. Upon the post near the 
 well there is a little box, enclosing a wheel 
 with a crank, with which the hundred feet of 
 line can be wound in one minute. When it is 
 wanted it is run out in as little time over the 
 forks in the top of the posts, and a loop hitch- 
 ed over a pin at the farther end. Then a turn 
 of the wheel and a catch tightens and holds it 
 so. 
 
 Beyond the clothes yard and on a lower 
 level lies the garden. A drain from the house 
 carries all the waste water to a tank in the 
 garden, and every rain that falls washes any 
 little fertilizing matter on or about the house, 
 down to the garden, where it will do good. 
 
 The house, as all country houses should do, 
 when it is feasible, fronts the north. This 
 gives the genial sun to the kitchen side, where 
 it is most needed to evaporate moisture, and 
 look into the broad kitchen windows on mid- 
 winter day.' 
 
 To the west of the garden was " the little 
 orchard," and across the road north of the 
 house, spread out the big orchard. In front 
 
176 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 of the house, and along both sides of the road 
 the full length of the farm, there were two 
 rows of trees, alternating with elms, maples 
 mulberry, butternut, black-walnut, and several 
 great cherry-trees, and one very large pear- 
 tree, and three excellent autumn apples. 
 These were all planted by Mr. Whitlock, as 
 he said, for the public. His children, or 
 grand-children would see the benefit of them, 
 and how much they would be valued. Not 
 only his children, but himself lived to see 
 many a panting horse reined up in the pleas- 
 ant shade of some of those trees, to recuperate 
 strength for a drive over a long sunny road. 
 
 Many a tired traveller, no doubt, sent up 
 his thank-offering for the refreshing luxury of 
 that way-side fruit. 
 
 Planting shade-trees and fruit-trees by the 
 wayside, ought to be inculcated as a Christiac 
 duty. 
 
 On the east side of the house commenced 
 the farm buildings. The first was a neat 
 wagon-house next the road, two-stories high, 
 the upper loft a seed-room, and place to store 
 wool and various other things. From the 
 
FAKM-BUILDINGS. 177 
 
 wagon-house extended a long shed, where dry 
 wood was always stored. In one end was a 
 room called the shop, containing a carpenter's 
 bench and tools, a portable forge, and a set of 
 tools for mending harness, or saving a shilling 
 by a stitch in time in a pair of shoes. At the 
 other end was a room with a kettle set in an 
 arch, which was used for making soap, trying 
 out fat, and cooking food for the pigs, which 
 occupied a pen on the other side of the build- 
 ing, communicating with the barn-yard 
 beyond, or with the little orchard, where they 
 were allowed to run, except when the fruit 
 was ripe and falling from the trees. Con- 
 nected with the pig-pen was the hen-house, 
 and beyond that a large yard in which they 
 could be shut whenever it was desirable to 
 keep them out of the garden. One side of the 
 poultry-yard was formed by the corn-crib, 
 with an opening for them under the building, 
 so that every grain that fell was not wasted, 
 but was picked up by some sharp-eyed biddy, 
 always watching for a chance grain. 
 
 ; ' If you keep hens," said Mr. Whitlock, 
 u under the crib, you will not keep rats or 
 8* 
 
178 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 mice. It is only a question of which is most 
 profitable." 
 
 The barn was a pattern of convenience. 
 Ihe milking-yard was between the wood-shed 
 and barn. The stable-yard on the south side, 
 the stables occupying a basement. A rise of 
 ground on the north side, gave a roadway, by 
 a slight inclined plane, to the second story of 
 the barn. When a load of hay was driven in, 
 the driver without any assistance, could hitch 
 a tackle-block to the wagon-bed, and detach his 
 team and hitch them to the fall, and start 
 them forward, lifting the whole load, which 
 then swung round by a crane over the great 
 bay, when by a simple contrivance the ropes 
 on one side unhooked, and down dropped the 
 whole load. In this way, in fifteen minutes, 
 he could unload and start out for another. 
 Thus a hundred tons could be put under shel* 
 ter without any of the hard work and heavy 
 expense of pitching and stowing away. 
 
 One of the things that most grieved Mr. 
 Whitlock about his barn and stable arrange- 
 ments was that he had no hill-side spring that 
 he could lead through pipes to every animal 
 
THE WINDMILL. 179 
 
 as it stood in the stall. If he had had a spring 
 a hundred feet lower down than his stable, he 
 could have still got a supply by means of that 
 curious and very valuable little hydraulic 
 machine, the " Water-ram." But his situation 
 afforded neither one nor the other ; but he did 
 the next best thing that he could do ; he made 
 extensive cisterns near the barn, but the water 
 had to be pumped up by hand. His spirit 
 perhaps now looks down to see how Sam 
 and his mother, by the aid of scientific dis- 
 coveries, have obviated this difficulty. On the 
 top of the barn is one of " Halliday's Wind 
 Engines," a newly invented windmill, that 
 regulates its own sails to any wind, high or 
 low, and pumps a constant stream of water 
 up to a reservoir in the barn, so situated that 
 it is covered with hay in winter and never 
 freezes, and from which water can be drawn 
 to every stall, pig-pen, poultry-yard, and for 
 the cows in the milking lot. It is a cheap, 
 valuable, labor-saving machine. Its use is 
 true economy. 
 
 " Mother," said Mrs. Savery, as they came 
 in with their baskets full of the ripe fruit. ' ( J 
 
180 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 have never known yonr strawberries so plenty 
 and fine-flavored as this year; how do you 
 account for it ?" 
 
 " We read in the newspaper, that the straw- 
 berry bed should never be manured in any 
 way except with decayed wood or leaves, and 
 that spent bark from the tanner's yard was 
 first-rate. This is the second year that we 
 have tried it, and in addition to that, this sum- 
 mer, Samuel waters them with a decoction of 
 fresh oak bark, because he read that tannic 
 acid was necessary to give strawberries that 
 rich flavor. The experiment has cost nothing, 
 and the profit is incalculable. It, with the 
 frequent waterings he gives them, will more 
 than double the yield of the bed. By the by, 
 that last improvement was your suggestion, 
 Jotham ; so that we can well afford to give 
 you all that you want. Kow remember, 
 if your little bed does riot give you all 
 that you can eat, you must send out here and 
 get a supply. It is a great deal more pleasure 
 to me to give them to you than to sell them. 
 Why what started Frank and Lillie oif on the 
 run ? Oh, I see now, they got a glimpse of 
 
UNCLE SAM AND THE CHILDREN. 181 
 
 their uncle Samuel, coming through the 
 orchard. There he is like a playful hoy, down 
 on the grass, with both of them on his lap. 
 He will dirty Lillie's frock, I'll warrant, or 
 s*me mischief. I do wish Sam was married, 
 and had some children of his own, if he would 
 love them as well as he does your's, Mary." 
 
 " If it warn't for one thing, mother, I could 
 find a match that would please you." 
 
 " Oh yes, I understand, but Charley Good- 
 man is just as good a man as Sam Whitlock, 
 
 and here Salinda began to get uneasy. 
 
 Oh you need not blush to own such a 
 young man as your lover. I do wish it was 
 the fashion, as soon as a couple are betrothed, 
 to own it to their friends, and treat each other, 
 and be treated accordingly. It would be a 
 very happy pleasant state of society, and often 
 lead to better results than the present fashion. 
 Besides it would avoid lying." 
 
 Samuel now came in, as his mother said, as 
 rough as a bear, with his long beard, and 
 dirty as a pig from a week's toil on the farm, 
 yet when introduced to Salinda, in her eyes, 
 he dropped all the roughness of the farm, for 
 
182 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 she only saw and heard, a most polite well- 
 bred gentleman, well read, and full of intelli- 
 gence upon every subject. 
 
 " Is it possible," she thought, " that this is 
 the man that I have heard so ridiculed by the 
 Doolittles, as Triphenia's country beau. Why 
 he is as much superior to that fop of her's, as 
 man is superior to a monkey." 
 
 It is well, Charley Goodman, that you are 
 firmly seated in her heart, for there is one 
 beneath that rough exterior that beats in uni- 
 son with here. If it was free, it might be 
 won, for she likes the man, and is fairly in 
 love with his country home. 
 
 What a table they sat down to about six 
 o'clock. Strawberries and sugar, strawberries 
 and cream, strawberries and such nice cool 
 milk, for I forgot to mention the ice-house, one 
 of the luxuries and economies of every farm. 
 
 Then such sweet butter and fresh-baked rye 
 and Indian bread, and old style light biscuit. 
 
 When the butter was commended, the old 
 lady told how she made it. 
 
 " I have tried churning sweet milk, and I 
 have churned my cream sweet, and I have 
 
BTJTTER AND SMEAR CA6E. 183 
 
 kept it till it soured. I have washed my but 
 ter, and I have made it without washing, and 
 after all I could not lay down any fixed rule 
 for everybody to follow. If I get every drop 
 of buttermilk out, either by washing and 
 working, or working alone, my butter will 
 keep sweet a year. This was made of sweet 
 cream, and worked once with a paddle, and 
 salted with an ounce of fine rock salt to a 
 pound, and a spoonful of fine white sugar, 
 that is Debby's notion I don't think it hurta 
 it any." 
 
 " And this, that you call smear case, how 
 is it made ?" 
 
 "You saw Debby, when you were in the 
 milk-room, emptying the boimy-klauber in 
 the brass kettle. That is brought to a scald, 
 and the curd settles down and the whey rises. 
 "We pour off all we can, and then turn the 
 whole out in a strainer over the whey-tub and 
 let it drain an hour or two." 
 
 " Is that all, grandma ?" 
 
 " Oh no ; it is then tied up and hung away 
 to drain all night. It is then in quite a hard 
 cake. This we crumble up by hand, and add 
 
184 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 about a gill of cream to a quart, with a little 
 salt, and that is smear case; it is the Dutch of 
 soft cheese. If we want to send it to market, 
 we make it up in little round balls and lay them 
 between two clothes, and put a board and 
 weight on top to press them down into little 
 cakes, like small biscuit, and these are called 
 cottage cheese, or Dutch cheese. Sometimes 
 the cream is entirely omitted. It is a good 
 wholesome food for those that like it." 
 
 " Of which I am one, said Salinda ; though 
 I never tasted any so good as this before." 
 
 "The enjoyment of eating is greatly owing 
 to surrounding circumstances ; I don't think 
 I could relish my food as well, where I knew 
 that neatness never had an abiding-place. 
 This is economical food, for we only value milk 
 after we have got the cream, for pig feed. Do 
 you prefer that brown bread to the biscuit ? 
 That is what I call my half and half equal 
 parts of corn meal and rye, the bran of each 
 only sifted out. Scald the meal and mix it 
 thoroughly into a rnush, and then add the rye, 
 and knead it well. You can't make bread 
 without hard work. I used to do that, but I am 
 
TIME TO GO. 
 
 not strong enough now, but Debby is. She is 
 a right good girl for strong work." 
 
 " I guess, mother, we must be going, to get 
 home before dark." 
 
 " Well, Fspose you must. I am really 
 'bliged to you for this visit. I shall not urge 
 you to stay longer, because I know its time 
 you were going." 
 
 " Indeed Mrs. Whitlock, I think the obliga- 
 tion is all on our side." 
 
 c Oh no, Salinda, remember it is more 
 blessed to give than receive. And besides, 
 you don't know how much it does an old 
 woman's heart good, to have her children come 
 back to the old homestead, and sit around the 
 same table once more. And as for you, I 
 really wish you would come every week, or 
 for the matter of that, every day. You have 
 done a sight of good." 
 
 " Why how? I don't understand a word." 
 
 " I will leave it for Lillie, the young rogue, 
 to tell you. She says : grandma, do see how 
 uncle Sam is fixed up, all out of compliment 
 to Salinda." 
 
 It was not that altogether, it was the natu- 
 
186 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 ral homage and respect of a noble heart to 
 beauty, intelligence and worth. It was the 
 evidence of good breeding, often found under 
 the roughest exteriors upon American farms. 
 Sana Whitlock the farmer, would be, always 
 will be, Samuel Whitlock the gentleman born, 
 gentleman bred, gentleman i n all that makes 
 the character. He had in his young days 
 fixed his heart upon a girl who as she grew 
 up, could not understand that character, and 
 luckily for him, concluded to break her troth, 
 since which he had fallen into habits of indo- 
 lence, as regards the exterior appearance of a 
 gentleman. Salinda had unconsciously awak- 
 ened that feeling which prompts a man to look 
 to personal appearance, and the quick eye of 
 his mother, as well as Lillie, saw it, and felt 
 grateful to the object. She thought and said, 
 " You have done a sight of good." 
 
 Just as they were going out to the wagon, 
 the Doolittle carriage was coming down the 
 road. Sam fairly outdid his nature, in the 
 little courtesies of the occasion. Was there a 
 little natural feeling, to let Miss Triphenia 
 see that he was not utterly disconsolate? Was 
 
THE DOOLITTLES AT THE FARM. 1ST 
 
 there on the part of Salinda, a little desire to 
 assist him, even at the risk of being called, as 
 she was called, " the shameless flirt." The 
 girls would have preferred to dash by with a 
 simple nod of recognition, but their mother 
 either felt guilty of such rudeness, and order- 
 ed the driver to rein up, or else she saw the 
 baskets of tempting strawberries, and was 
 prompted to the act by a spirit of greediness. 
 Let us hope it was not the latter. A stranger 
 might have thought the new-comers were the 
 warmest friends of the family, so enthusiastic 
 was their greeting. They were so delighted to 
 have the opportunity of meeting their old 
 friends and neighbors all together. The girls 
 complimented Salinda upon her skill in driv- 
 ing, it was " such an accomplishment." 
 
 " If we had such a lovely little snug carry- 
 all, and only one horse but pa would have 
 two we should certainly learn to drive." 
 
 How quick the wicked remarks made as 
 they drove past, had passed into the ocean of 
 forgetf ulness. 
 
 Those remarks were to the backs, and these 
 to the faces of those they talked abcut. What 
 
188 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 a happy thing our thoughts are hidden, and 
 half our words unheard. 
 
 Samuel, as the old lady remarked, was all 
 himself again. He was full of life, and "just 
 as polite as ever." He was sending a pang to 
 every heart in the Doolittle carriage. George 
 Alexander Waltingham in his heart felt that 
 Triphenia was a fool to throw away such a 
 man, and such a prospect of being the mistress 
 of a house and farm like this for a gam- 
 bler. He almost spoke the word, so strongly 
 he thought of it. But he covered up his 
 thoughts with his supercilious actions, which 
 he thought would pass well in the present 
 company, as evidence of high breeding. Ex- 
 cept with a fraction of the company, he was 
 very much mistaken. The others thought 
 him just what he was an adventurer, a fop, 
 a libertine. He was one of a numerous class, 
 that pluck flowers only for their fragrance, 
 while fresh with morning dew, and then cast 
 them away as worthless trash. 
 
 Mrs. Whitlock and her son, both insisted 
 upon the Doolittles stopping for some straw- 
 berries. She had already spoken a word to 
 
THE CONTRAST. 189 
 
 Debby, and she had already reset the table, 
 while they were making excuses for doing just 
 what they were most anxious to do, so that 
 by the the time they got in the house, every 
 thing was ready for them to sit right down to 
 such a repast as they most ardently desired, 
 notwithstanding the repeated protestations 
 that they " had not the least occasion in the 
 world." And notwithstanding the girls had 
 " cut the acquaintance" of Salinda, she was 
 most pressingly urged to call upon them, 
 " before they left town on their summer tour." 
 Of course Mrs. Savery and Lillie were includ- 
 ed in the invitation, though Kitty said she 
 hoped " that stuck-up school-girl would have 
 sense enough not to come." The truth was, 
 that she felt herself the foil that added lustre 
 to Lillie's diamonds of a cultivated mind, 
 whenever they were brought into contrast. 
 
 " Speaking of contrast," said Mr. Savery, " I 
 am going to show you the contrast of Mother's 
 farm." 
 
 The man was thinking. Nobody said a word 
 about contrast ; they all thought of it though. 
 
 "It is Doolittle'a father's old Captain 
 
190 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 Doolittle it is only half a mile out of the way, 
 and except, the half mile, the best road, and 
 then you will see a greater diversity of sce- 
 nery too, and have more food for thought. 
 This way. Ned knows the road." 
 
 " Do you think that Mrs. Doolittle will come 
 this way, father," said Lillie. 
 
 "Not a bit more than she would drive 
 through fire. I doubt whether that Mr. What- 
 do-you-call him, will ever hear that the family 
 ever had any American ancestors. You know 
 they have a coat of arms, and trace back on 
 his side to some remote baronetcy. There is 
 not an old castle in Sir Walter Scott's novels, 
 that some of the Doolittle family were not 
 connected with in their opinion. But here is 
 the last baronial hall of the family." 
 
 The house stood " back side to the road," 
 and a very unsightly show its old wood-colored 
 walls, and mossy roof, and broken windows 
 made. The well was in line with the road- 
 fence, with a horse-trough outside, and a hog- 
 wallow beyond, that looked like the slough of 
 despond, to any one that would approach the 
 well from that side. This, uddle extended 
 
THE DOOLITTLLE FARMHOUSE. 191 
 
 beyond the gate, and had to be crossed on 
 rails thrown in the mud. The gate had to be 
 lifted around upon one hinge. It was always 
 fastened with a pin, provided the pin was not 
 lost, or the gate had not been rooted open by 
 the hogs ; to prevent which, three dogs stood, 
 or rather slept guard on the portico, which 
 contained a great assortment of old saddles, 
 harness, hoes, rakes, wheels, loom, old coats, 
 hats and boots, in a sort of public free exhibi- 
 tion. 
 
 Beyond the well, on one side, was the hog- 
 pen, with an opening to the road; for the 
 owner believed in the largest liberty for his 
 stock. On the other side was an open wagon- 
 shed, where the hens roosted, and did the 
 ornamental work of the go-to-meeting car- 
 riage. Right in front of the gate was the 
 wood-pile, frequently furnished with whole 
 trees, snaked up, because the cart was broken, 
 or the wagon had gone to mill. 
 
 The barn was right opposite the house, and 
 the cow-yard in the road between, which, in 
 addition to the wood-pile, was encumbered 
 with all the broken down cacts, wagons, sleds, 
 
L92 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 harrows, plows, hay-racks, fence-posts, and 
 sticks of timber, that had been or might be in 
 use during the century. In the summer, a 
 good part of this chevaux-de-frise was hidden 
 from view by a rank growth of stramonium. 
 
 From the house and barn, boards had fallen, 
 or were dangling by one nail ; and the orchard 
 looked as though nothing but the scythe of 
 Time had ever been there as a pruning-hook. 
 
 The garden palings had been broken, and 
 the holes stopped with brush from the snaked 
 up trees at the wood-pile. A hole in the 
 orchard wall was patched with an old cart-bed. 
 One of the big doors of the barn, which Mr. 
 ftavery said had hung for a year by one hinge, 
 had gone down at last, and was propped up 
 sideways with a rail. An old harrow stood 
 guard in place of a stable door, and some 
 scraggy poles at the barn-yard did service 
 where bars and bar-posts were both gone. A 
 swarm of bees were at work in the old chaise- 
 box, not having been able to get any other 
 hive. That had deprived the old lady of the 
 privilege of going to meeting for the balance 
 of the summer. .The garden had been made, 
 
FOOD FOR THOUGHT. 193 
 
 and unmade by the hens, three times, and 
 then given up, because " they couldn't afford 
 to be always making garden." 
 
 It was a contrast it was food for thought. 
 Salinda went home a wiser as well as happier 
 girl than she went forth. She had seen much 
 and learned much much that is never learned 
 in schools. Schools that turn out mindless 
 machines expensive experiments to cramp 
 reason out of its natural purpose. Schools 
 that teach music that gives just as much 
 accomplishment as the hand-organ possesses. 
 Schools of design, that teach children to badly 
 copy a bad picture. History and geography 
 is taught just as much as the parrot is taught 
 sense by repeating words. Schools of indus- 
 try, that teach needle- work that is utterly 
 impracticable and useless all through life. 
 Such is fashionable education. 
 
 They found company waiting for them when 
 they got home. Mr. and Mrs. Lovewell, and 
 Charley Goodman, were there. The meeting 
 was as joyful as though they had been sepa- 
 rated for a year. Salinda's mother met her 
 with a warm embrace. Her father with a 
 
194 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 dignified smile and formal shake of the hand, 
 How she did wish he would press her to his 
 breast as Mr. Savery did. She would have 
 put her arms around Charley's neck and given 
 him a kiss a warm token of love fear of 
 being called forward held her back, and made 
 her restrain nature. But she looked what she 
 felt, as they shook hands. Lillie felt no such 
 restraint, and she ran up to him and put her 
 arms fondly around his neck, and gave him 
 such a kiss ; laughing heartily as she said to 
 Salinda, " that is the way to do it, isn't it, 
 Charley." 
 
 Charley expressed his very high satisfaction 
 at that mode of salutation, and returned it 
 with a hearty, " God bless you, Lillie, my dear 
 good girl. You are as fragrant as a bed of 
 strawberries." 
 
 " ^N"o wonder, and that reminds me." She 
 cast a look at her mother, as much as to say, 
 Shall I ? Her mother looked, Yes, and away 
 she bounded, returning in a few minutes with 
 a fine dish of sugared strawberries, followed 
 by Susan with plates and spoons. It was a 
 very grateful treat: the berries and cream 
 
WAIT AND WATCH. 105 
 
 both so fresh and sweet. Salinda said, "1 
 think, father, that I can give you something 
 that you will like, if possible, better than the 
 strawberries." 
 
 " Oh, I know what 'tis," said Lillie, and 
 away she ran for the smearcase. Instead of 
 one, she brought three dishes. Mrs. Lovewell 
 declined, but Mr. Lovewell said it was deli- 
 cious. Of course, Susan had added bread 
 and butter. Charley told Lillie that he had 
 not tasted but one thing better since he came 
 in the house, and that preceded the strawber- 
 ries. 
 
 " You shall taste something better still be- 
 fore you leave. Wait and watch." 
 
 He had not to wait long. Lillie proposed 
 that he should go and see how neat Salinda 
 had got everything arranged up stairs. " Oh, 
 she is getting to be a famous housekeeper. 
 Susan and her are on great terms in the 
 kitchen." 
 
 He did admire the neat arrangement. His 
 heart was full. Salinda stood before him, 
 more lovely than ever. It was an impulse of 
 the moment that led him to do what he had 
 so often ardently desired to do, yet dared not 
 
196 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 venture, fie took her in his arms, pressed 
 her fondly to his heart, and kissed her passion- 
 ately. It was the happiest moment of her 
 life. It was the first, as she fondly hoped, of 
 a long series. 
 
 " My dear, dear little wife. How you do 
 win upon my heart every day. How much I 
 should love you." 
 
 Her head sunk upon his breast. She was 
 in an ecstasy of delight. Tears of joy streamed 
 down the good Lillie's cheeks, and the affec- 
 tion of her heart gushed out. She too felt the 
 impulse, and she threw her arms around both, 
 and as she kissed Salinda, said : 
 
 " Let me too be .happy." 
 
 The tears of the trio mingled. There were 
 other moist eyes, looking at this scene. Mrs. 
 Savery and Mrs. Lovewell, had followed them 
 up stairs, and had, unnoticed, witnessed the 
 whole of this outgushing of nature. What 
 mother could refrain from sympathizing with 
 such children. Mrs. Lovewell did not chide, 
 she only cautioned prudence. " She had no 
 objection to this show of what their hearts 
 felt, if only indulged in presence of some one 
 who would be a little restraint, so that they 
 
SATISFACTION. 197 
 
 would not act foolishly, as lovers are some- 
 times inclined to do. Even in affection, there 
 should be a degree of dignity and respect. 
 There is some truth in the old adage, that 
 ' familiarity breeds contempt.' It is not safe 
 for human nature to trust to good resolutions. 
 I do not counsel coldness and reserve between 
 an affianced couple, but such reserve as pro- 
 duces respect." 
 
 Mrs. Lovewell expressed a high degree of 
 satisfaction at all of Salinda's arrangements, 
 and what she heard of her disposition and pro- 
 gress in the study of the art of housekeeping : 
 and Charley felt that she had never appeared 
 BO lovely before. He knew very well what a 
 good teacher she had, and that she was acquir- 
 ing accomplishments of the highest order for 
 an American woman, such as no public semi- 
 nary ever gives. 
 
 Of all the members of that little parte J^L ot" 
 ni g n *, a J c ]'aubaae-"'cliiidren will keep thump- 
 ing at it." In short, the whole house was out 
 of tune. About an hour after the arrival of 
 their guests, " the young ladies" sailed down 
 stairs, with a profusion of fan 37 gauze, silk, 
 
ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 CHAPTER YI. 
 
 The Visit to the Doolittles. 
 
 Nor long after the above events, Mi's. Savery, 
 Salinda, and Lillie, went to make their visit to 
 the Doolittles. Of course they were received 
 with demonstrations of great delight. The 
 door was opened by the coachman, gardener, 
 man of all work, and good 1 at none- a useless 
 appendage and foolish expense to such a 
 family. He was attending to this duty, as 
 Mrs. Doolittle apologized, because both of 
 their chamber girls had suddenly left. 
 
 " They were very impertinent, asking me for 
 their wages, time after time, instead of waiting 
 wfioi^jnve it them when it was convenient; 
 mother could refrain Ironi^r^J^riT^^ijttle 
 such children. Mrs. Lovewell did not chide, 
 she only cautioned prudence. " She had no 
 objection to this show of what their hearts 
 felt, if only indulged in presence of some one 
 who would be a little restraint, so that they 
 
THE DOOLITTLES AT HOME. 199 
 
 not undertake to manage our household affairs. 
 However, I am glad they are gone, for they 
 had got to be quite worthless. You can see 
 that by the looks of the house." 
 
 Indeed it was easy to see that somebody was 
 quite worthless about the house. The parlors 
 were elegantly furnished, so far as costly frail 
 furniture could make elegance, and that was all. 
 
 There was scarcely a chair or sofa that was 
 not broken or scratched, or torn, and every 
 crevice showed the worthlessness of those whose 
 business it had been to keep the furniture free 
 of dust. Salinda counted five holes in the lace 
 curtains, punched by dirty fingers. Perhaps 
 they had been made by marble fingers, for 
 several had been broken from the statuettes 
 which ornamented the mantels. There were 
 several grease spots upon the carpet, one of 
 which bore unmistakable evidence of a recent 
 fall of bread and butter. The piano was out of 
 tune, because the " children will keep thump- 
 ing at it." In short, the whole house was out 
 of tune. About an hour after the arrival of 
 their guests, " the young ladies " sailed down 
 stairs, with a profusion of faniy gauze, silk, 
 
200 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 lace, ribbons, and jewelry, and their hair in 
 such a friz as might astonish, if not frighten, 
 one of the aborigines of the American forest. 
 There was no need of half the lying excuses for 
 their late appearance ; such as having so much 
 work to do, in consequence of the departure 
 of those ungrateful girls, and quite forgetting 
 how late it was, and how punctual Mrs. Savery 
 always is, and how they had to dress each 
 other's hair. Salinda might have believed the 
 latter, as it was impossible for either to make 
 such a fright of herself alone, if she had not 
 caught a glimpse of a well-known French hair- 
 dresser, as he went down stairs. 
 
 Of course the girls could not show their pro- 
 ficiency in music, because the piano was out 
 of tune. Lillie said slyly, that she never knew 
 it otherwise. It was a standing excuse. If it 
 ever happened to be in order, the girls always 
 had " horrid colds." 
 
 Salinda proposed to look at the garden. 
 They could not refuse, though it was in a 
 " shocking condition." In that they spoke the 
 truth. But the most shocking part of it was, 
 that it was filled with expensive shrubs an'd 
 
THE GAEDEN. 201 
 
 flowers, to such a degree that there was no 
 room for fruit, or anything beyond a few roses, 
 of any practical use. 
 
 Tender plants were choked with grass and 
 weeds, or trampled on by careless feet, and 
 those of larger growth bore marks of having 
 officiated in place of a clothes-line, and the 
 paths were whitened with dried soap-suds. 
 Grease, dirt, old rags, broken crockery, scraps 
 of meat, and cooking utensils made up a slut's 
 museum around the back basement door and 
 windows. The full view was hidden from the 
 garden by an untrimmed, and of course un- 
 productive, grape-vine, that shut out the sun 
 from the very place where it was most needed 
 to dry up the moisture and prevent miasma. 
 
 Just as the party returned to the house, 
 there was a tearing ring at the door-bell, and 
 a thundering knock at the basement door at 
 the same time. As it was doubtful which to 
 go to first, the man took a middle course and 
 went to neither. Directly those outside grew 
 impatient, and began kicking the doors as 
 though they would knock them down or force 
 them open. 
 
 9* 
 
202 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 "Why don't that lazy fellow go to the 
 door?" said one of the girls, "It is really 
 provoking." 
 
 Why did she not herself open it when she 
 was within three steps when the bell rang. 
 It would have compromised, her dignity. At 
 length the lower door was opened, and by the 
 noise, a mad bull came ID, stamping with fury. 
 
 " I'll tear your eyes out, you old black 
 nigger, if you don't open the door next time 
 when I am starved. Where is Ned ? If he's 
 got in first, I'll lick him." 
 
 Up stall's he went to ascertain that fact, 
 No one else being likely to let in master 
 Neddy, Mrs. Doolittle suggested to Kitty that 
 she might attend to it, just this once. She 
 went off muttering about having to do ser- 
 vant's work. Master Ned came in uproari- 
 ous, but better-natured than his fighting 
 brother Welt- the short name of Wellington. 
 Perhaps his fighting character was partly 
 owing to his name. Character is often influ- 
 enced by a slighter circumstance. 
 
 " Oh, you're so dressed up you couldn't 
 come to the door, eh ? I'll pay you for it some 
 
THE BOYS AT HOME. 203 
 
 time, Miss Kitty. I won't open tlie door, nor 
 let any of the rest of 'em, for your beau, and 
 mother won't be here to make me, for you 
 always have him come when mother is out. 
 See if I don't." 
 
 " Do hush, Ned, you don't know who is in 
 the parlor." 
 
 " I don't want to know. Old Whiskerandos, 
 I s'pose ; he's here all the time. I wish Phene 
 would have him and done with it." 
 
 Mrs. Doolittle closed her ears to this inter- 
 esting conversation, under the impression pro- 
 bably that by so doing she would close those 
 of her visitors. 
 
 Either of his sisters could have wrung Ned's 
 neck, without any compunctions of conscience. 
 Now another actor, in the person of the mad 
 bull, came tearing up the basement stairs, and 
 " pitched in " to give Ned a licking because 
 he got in first, and to serve Kitty in the same. 
 way for letting him in, 
 
 " He bet me his cap that he would get home 
 first, and get in and up to the parlor door; and 
 he cheated ; he had no business to come in 
 this way when I thought he was going to 
 
204: ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 t'other door, and then we could have a fair 
 race up stairs. But I'll have the cap any- 
 how." 
 
 At that he went at him to get the cap, and 
 down they both went in the hall in a regular 
 bull-dog, rough-and-tumble light. Mrs. Doo- 
 little still oblivious. Kitty had returned with 
 a face that needed no rose pink. It was 
 burning red, and she bit her lip to keep in the 
 angry words that would have poured out if 
 they had not been restrained by the company 
 of strangers. 
 
 " Oh dear, what is that ?" exclaimed Mrs. 
 Doolittle, as a crash that jarred the house, 
 came from the field of combat in the hall. 
 
 Instinctively all rushed out to see. A niche 
 had been constructed in the wall at the foot of 
 the stairs for a piece of statuary. Unfortu- 
 nately it was too shallow to hold a plaster cast 
 of some mythological goddess that the young 
 ladies had purchased, because u the place 
 looked so naked without something." 
 
 Somehow in the scuffle, this had been jarred 
 so that it toppled over, and down it came upon 
 a table, made more for ornament than use, 
 
INTERESTING SCENE. 205 
 
 upon which stood a Chinese vase of flowers. 
 The whole was a wreck together. At least fifty 
 dollars had gone into the maelstrom that 
 was swallowing up poor Doolittle's property. 
 The boys perfectly understood that "discre- 
 tion was the better part of valor," and made & 
 hasty retreat. The girls raged they lost thei) 
 discretion. Their mother was angry enough 
 to have torn the boys like a tiger, but finally 
 consoled herself for all the loss, with the 
 thought that that nude figure had been got 
 rid of, because "she never thought it looked 
 decent." Mrs. Doolittle was one of those 
 admirers of statuary, who think it should be 
 dressed in calico frocks, or at least wear aprons. 
 In the midst of the confusion, and just as Tri- 
 phenia had accused her mother of moving the 
 statue forward on purpose to have it fall, and 
 she was giving some angry retort, the door- 
 bell rung, and before orders of " not at home" 
 could be given, the man, who with the cook, 
 had both come upon the scene of action, oper.- 
 ed the door, and in walked Mr. (reorge Alex- 
 ander Waltringham. 
 There is an old saying, that oil poured upon 
 
206 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 a raging sea, will calm the turbulent waters. 
 Perhaps it was owing to the oily nature of the 
 gentleman, that he produced the same effect 
 upon the turbulence of the waves that were 
 raging but a moment before in this family. 
 
 The new comer was not at all disconcerted ; 
 in fact he was rather inclined to joke at the 
 accident, which he did not look upon as very 
 serious, in fact he had rather expected it ; 
 as he had noticed the insecurity of the thing, 
 which a slight jar might bring down. He 
 forgot to add that he had purposely moved it 
 forward with that view, looking upon it as he 
 did, as such an abortion that it was no harm 
 to work its destruction. 
 
 It is- but right to do him the justice to say, 
 that he did not anticipate the other damage 
 the table had been placed under the niche sub- 
 sequently, by somebody, or rather "nobody," 
 that omnipresent genius of mischief, who was 
 constantly putting things out of place in this 
 house. 
 
 The party left the servants to clear away the 
 debris, and retired to the parlor in such a 
 pleasant mood of lively conversation, that 
 
BEHIND THE SCENES. 207 
 
 Salinda could only compare it to the sudden 
 outburst of the sun from dark clouds that a 
 moment before had shot forth forked light 
 ning. 
 
 In handling some of the things, Salinda dis- 
 covered that she had soiled her hands, and 
 whispered Kitty to go up to her room with 
 her, where she could wash them. It was an 
 unadvised admission behind the scenes of out- 
 side appearances. 
 
 " Such a room," she said to Lillie that night 
 in their own neat apartment, U I never saw 
 before- I hope never to see again. The bed 
 looked like a pig's nest; I am sure it had not 
 been made for a week, and the sheets and 
 pillow-cases were fairly black. Every vessel 
 was full of dirty slops, and the only way that 
 I could wash my hands was by Kitty pouring 
 water out of a broken pitcher, while I held 
 them over a flower-pot that seemed grateful 
 for the accidental watering. The whole room 
 looked like the drift of an inundation of some 
 muddy river. Shoes and shifts ; books and 
 bonnets ; parasols and petticoats ; stockings 
 and staylace ; tape and towels ; slippers and 
 
208 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 slops ; lay about in one grand mixture. The 
 furniture had been costly, if not rich; now 
 there was not a whole chair among half a 
 dozen, and all were loaded with dresses, or 
 some of the paraphernalia of a lady's dressing 
 chamber. The rosewood dressing table stood 
 upon three legs ; the sofa seat was broken down 
 in the springs, and the feet had lost the cas- 
 tors, and torn the Turkey carpet. The lace 
 window-curtains were yellow, and covered 
 with dust and cobwebs. But that was no 
 worse than the parlor. Did you notice the 
 festoons the spiders had made all along the 
 cornice over the window ?" 
 
 " Yes, and the dust among the untouched 
 books on the centre table. It would make 
 my mother crazy." 
 
 As Salinda returned to the parlor, there 
 was a commotion in the tea-room. Ned was 
 ordering the cook, with a few of his young 
 gentleman oaths, to give him something from 
 the table to eat, before the company came in. 
 She heard him say : " I will have some 
 they'll eat it all up I'm hungry- 1 won't 
 wait I'll steal it all, and tell my mother that 
 
ANOTHER CRASH. 209 
 
 yon eat it, and make her discharge you, if you 
 don't give me some, you blasted old " 
 
 The balance of the sentence was interrupted 
 by a scream from the cook. It was a custard 
 in an elegant cut-glass dish that the boys cov- 
 eted. Bread, and butter, and cake would not 
 satisfy them. Cook had set the dish on the 
 top shelf of the china closet, to keep it out of 
 their way. While Ned was trying to coax or 
 scold the cook into gratifying his appetite, his 
 brother, the mad bull, like his prototype in a 
 crockery store, had got into the china closet, 
 and climbed up the shelves, and got his hand 
 on the coveted article. It is almost needless 
 to say, that just as he sang out, " Hurrah, 
 Ned, I've got it," he did get it. His foot 
 slipped, and down he came, dish and all, with 
 the contents in his face and all over his 
 clothes, and the dish in fragments on the floor. 
 
 " I do wonder,' 7 said Mrs. Doolittle, " what 
 that careless wench has broken now. I shall 
 take it out of her wages, she may rest assured 
 of that." 
 
 To prevent any one else going to see, she 
 said, " sit still, don't mind it ; you know one 
 
ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 broken dish always has another just behind 
 it, till fate gets the three." 
 
 Kitty lacked the discreetness of her mother 
 and sister. She had turned off as she came 
 down stairs, " to see what the muss was ;" and 
 n )W came in and told the whole story. Her 
 n other was sure it was all the cook's fault. 
 
 " She is always having a difficulty with 
 tl em boys. I dare say if she had given them 
 ai ything in the world to eat, they would have 
 g< ne away as quiet as lambs to their play. I 
 dc-clare I must get a new woman I can't 
 stand it." 
 
 What good would it do to get a new one ? 
 Siie had done the same thing a dozen times, 
 with the same results. If she could have got 
 a new system of family government, and 
 brought her children under a wholesome dis- 
 cipline, and taught them subordination, she 
 would have saved herself from constant scenes 
 of vexation and loss, and then the Doolittle 
 boys would not have been the terror of their 
 schoolmates, and the hated pests of the whole 
 neighborhood. 
 
 In spite of all the mishaps, tea was at 
 
TEA IS KEADY. 211 
 
 length ready. How unlike the quiet tea-table 
 of the Saverys ; how different from that plea- 
 sant, simple meal at the farm. The table was 
 loaded with cut-glass and china, costly and 
 fragile. But the sweet home-made bread and 
 plain cakes were not there. Their place was 
 occupied by costly knick-knackeries from the 
 French baker's real health-dbstroyers. The 
 tea was the only home-made thing, and that 
 was weak and smoky, and when it was too 
 late to remedy the defect, it was found that 
 " nobody " had drank up all the milk. Mrs. 
 Doolittle said, " she would warrant it was 
 John, the great hog." 
 
 Lillie did not say she would warrant it was 
 not; but from where she sat, she could see the 
 face of a boy peeping into the window through 
 the grape-vine, upon whose lips the stolen 
 milk had left its mark. 
 
 It was a costly, but an unsatisfactory meal. 
 The cakes looked as though they were made 
 
 for ornament and not use, and so they were 
 agreement? ^ever!" , not tbe first time 
 well that her will was law, ^^ ^ 
 it, he must obey, or have a figx ^ gQod 
 
 The 
 
212 ECONOMY ILLU8TKATED. 
 
 stiff attempts at gentility were not half aa 
 pleasing as the plain conversation and hearty 
 manifest welcome of that meal, which con- 
 stantly intruded itself in contrast with this. 
 There each lingered, loth to part. Here visit- 
 ors and visited felt relieved from a tiresome 
 restraint when the good-bye, and hollow- 
 hearted " do come again," had been said. At 
 least one party was wiser, if not happier. 
 
 " I have learned," said Salinda, " a lesson 
 for life. I trust I shall never forget to profit 
 by it, if I should ever be a mother." 
 
 " I do not think," said Mrs. Savery, " that 
 it is necessary for you or Lillie to wait that 
 event, to apply the lesson of the day to a good 
 purpose. You see the effect of insubordina- 
 tion, and the cost of not training up a child in 
 the way he should go." 
 
 " It is certainly very bad economy ; besides 
 being extremely vexatious; but Mrs. Doo- 
 little appears to be used to it; don't you 
 think, Mrs. Savery, that she stands it remark- 
 ably well ? How c^"^^^ " ihQ whole 
 all the storm." / 
 
 " Only to atr a]1 the misliaps? t e a was at 
 ire turned 
 
HOME INFLUENCES. 213 
 
 CHAPTEK YIT. 
 
 Family Scenes, and Home Influences. 
 
 You that are strong in good purposes, shall 
 not censure the want of strength in Doolittle, 
 to enter upon such a scene as was enacting 
 when he came home one oft enacted, yet, 
 like all evil acts, growing stronger, growing 
 worse and worse every day. 
 
 He hesitated with his hand upon the latch ; 
 he heard his wife say that she would " make 
 their father tie them up, and she would whip 
 them to death." 
 
 He supposed it was the girls that she meant, 
 for she was talking with them, and he thought ; 
 " What, has it come to this ? must I tie up my 
 daughters, for their mother to wreak her ven- 
 geance upon, for some trifling dispute or dis- 
 agreement? Never!" Yet he knew full 
 well that her will was law, and if she willed 
 it, he must obey, or have a fight himself. 
 
214 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 What should he do? What did he do? 
 Just what a thousand others have before, 
 whose home held no magnet, like that of the 
 Saverys, to draw them within its portals, and 
 shield them from the corrupting association of 
 evil companions. 
 
 Poor Doolittle! He had come home late 
 and tired, because it had been hinted to him 
 that his presence with company would not be 
 agreeable. 
 
 Such a man trembles as he lays his hand 
 upon his own door-latch, after a hard day's 
 work, and shrinks back from what he hears 
 within. He hesitated, and mentally said, 
 " Oh, God, is this home f " then turned away 
 and walked back around the corner, and 
 entered one of those ever invitingly open 
 doors, where a man whose face is one constant 
 winning smile, stood before his customers, 
 tempting them to buy some of his colored 
 fluids, which they knew by experience would 
 give them oblivion of the discomforts of their 
 home, or make them forgetful of their own 
 folly, or reckless of some indiscretion commit- 
 ted or contemplated, or careless of the want 
 
DRINKING, AND ITS EFFKCT. 215 
 
 of money to provide home comforts, which in 
 such places as this are foolishly wasted. 
 
 Doolittle needed no coaxing. He took the 
 draught eagerly, and it was a large one, and 
 then went and sat down in a dark corner and 
 
 laid his head upon a table and enjoyed 
 
 yes, that is the word, enjoyed the oblivion 
 produced by a drunken sleep. He had long 
 been a hard drinking man, but this was the 
 first time that he had ever been drunk, drunk 
 in a public bar-room. 
 
 He slept on unnoticed, as had a hundred 
 others before him in the same corner. It is 
 the effect, the least injurious effect, of drink- 
 ing, upon some men. Some are loquacious ; 
 some are argumentative and religious; some 
 are lascivious; some are excessively foolish; 
 some are brutal, beastly, ugly, quarrelsome, 
 wicked, combatative, murderous. Others are 
 simply stupid. That was the effect produced 
 upon Doolittle. He waked at length, as many 
 persons have awaked from a state of insensi- 
 bility, by the sound of their own name. 
 
 Close by where he sat, was a thin board 
 partition. Somebody on the other side had 
 
216 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 forgotten that walls have ears. If they had 
 not, Doolittle had, and when he heard his own 
 name he opened them. His stupor had passed 
 off, and his hearing faculties were quick. He 
 distinguished one of the voices as that of Wal- 
 tringham. The other he did not know, but the 
 person was pressing him for a debt, which in 
 the fashionable parlance of perverted lan- 
 guage, is called "a debt of honor." If it is, it 
 is honor among thieves, for gambling and steal 
 ing are both in one category, in the opinion of 
 those who practice neither. 
 
 " Now, see here," said Waltringham to his 
 companion, "you just keep easy a little while, 
 and I shall make a raise. See if I don't. I 
 understand the ropes. I am just now stock- 
 ing the cards. I shall be sure to hold a hand 
 that will win." 
 
 "Well, old fellow, I should like to know 
 how. Show me your hand. Is it all honors?" 
 
 " Yes, trumps at that. The bullet, king, 
 queen and knave." 
 
 There could be no mistake about the latter. 
 Every inch a knave. 
 
 "Well, how are you going to play them? 
 
PLOTTING VILLAINS. 217 
 
 If it is a winning game, I'll take a hand, hold 
 stakes, or count my fingers for you , and come 
 in for a share. What say?" 
 
 " Just the thing. I'll tell you. But let us 
 see that we are all alone. Shut that door will 
 you. Is the coast clear ?" 
 
 * There is nobody in the bar-room except 
 one poor drunken ass, hard and fast in sleepy 
 corner. Go ahead." 
 
 Doolittle ventured to look up. He had out- 
 slept all the company. It was after eleven 
 o'clock. The bar-keeper was dozing outside 
 the door, waiting for twelve o'clock, when he 
 would shut up. Doolittle drew up still closer 
 to the partition. There was a large knot hole, 
 covered by a piece of paper, just by his ear. 
 He cut this away with his pocket knife arid 
 every low spoken word came through dis- 
 tinctly. 
 
 " You know old Doolittle, said Waltringham 
 very well, his daughter is just one of the 
 finest animals you ever saw trotted out. She 
 is a real 2. 40 nag. She will win anywhere. 
 She will carry me in where the gate would bo 
 shut and locked without her. I tell you, she 
 10 
 
218 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED 
 
 can let down the bars that lead to pleasant pas- 
 ture. She will last good for years, and then 
 bring cost. "Well, that nag is mine. The old 
 woman says that; and the grey mare is the 
 best horse there, I tell you." 
 
 "But that don't bring the money. Besides, 
 it will cost a pile to keep such a blooded 
 animal." 
 
 "Oh, never fear that. The old man has got 
 plenty of fodder, if he has not plenty of 
 money. I mean to live off of him." 
 
 "Very fine for you, but I don't see how 
 that is to get me my money." 
 
 " Hold easy. You haven't heard half of it 
 yet. This is game that can't all be bagged at 
 once. The old woman is a fool. I can wind 
 her round my finger. I persnaded her and 
 the girls to make the old man buy a carriage 
 and pair, just to cut a figure. He loves his 
 toddy, and is always good-natured when he is 
 drinking, and as soon as we are married, I will 
 make a raise out of him, through the old 
 woman and girls ,; you had better believe I 
 will." 
 
 " How are you going to do that ?" 
 
DOOLITTLE SITS FOR HIS PORTRAIT. 219 
 
 M Now, I am coming to your share. I must 
 have a partner. 1 will propose to go into 
 business; that will tickle the old woman to 
 have her son-in-law a merchant. I will offer 
 to take Doolittle in as third partner. His 
 credit is good, and notes signed by you and 
 me, endorsed by him will buy goods. "We 
 will ship them and then ship ourselves. But 
 first, you must buy that carriage and horses, 
 which I can persuade them to sell, when I 
 take the daughter off. That will pay your 
 debt, and I will take the goods and the girl 
 for my share. How do you like it ?" 
 
 " Why, it looks fair. "When will you bring 
 it round ? I'm in a hurry. To tell you the 
 truth, I am confounded hard up, and must 
 make a raise soon, or I shall have to cut stick." 
 
 " I'll settle the matter to-morrow, if I find 
 the old man in the right tune. He must have 
 just so much rum aboard to make things go 
 easy. If he gets too much he goes to sleep, 
 and will snooze away all the evening like a 
 fat pig. I meant to have arranged matters 
 to-day, but the cards had a bad run. The 
 boys, who are as ungoverned as grizzly bears. 
 
220 ECONOMY ILLUSTKATED. 
 
 got into a figlit and broke about fifty dollars 
 worth of stuff, and put the old woman in a 
 bad humor. Then they had some stiff, vine- 
 gar-faced puritans there to tea, that cut off all 
 conversation. I had to measure my words." 
 
 " I tell you what it is, Alleck, this looks 
 like a scurvy trick ; but necessity knows no 
 law ; and if it wa'n't for fear my wife would 
 turn up and get me in limbo, I would marry 
 the other girl. You say she is fresh ?" 
 
 " Smooth as a three-year old. Come, go in 
 to win. I will introduce you as a Southern 
 merchant here buying goods, and then you 
 in your generosity shall offer me a partner- 
 ship, and I will agree to go in, if Doolittle 
 will take a hand. He will say he cannot raise 
 the money, and then I will bring about the 
 horse-trade. Depend upon it, we can skin 
 that drunken fool before he knows it." 
 
 " Skin a drunken fool, and that fool is me," 
 said Doolittle to himself. " I have heard 
 enough ; I have sat for my portrait, and it has 
 been drawn by an artist. It is a fallacy that 
 listeners never hear any good of themselves. 
 I havo heard that which will do me good. I 
 
THE PORTRAIT FINISHED. 221 
 
 have heard what is rarely spoken of a man to 
 his face the truth and I mean to profit by 
 it." 
 
 By the time he had finished his colloquy, 
 he once more had his hand upon his own door- 
 latch. He entered with a different feeling 
 from that of the early evening, but it was not 
 a happy one. All was silent, as before all had 
 been stormy. The storm had spent itself. 
 There was a desolateness in the house, but a 
 greater one in his heart. He was sober now, 
 but he felt the guilt of drunkenness as he had 
 never felt it before, and as he then felt, never 
 would feel it again. Mi's. Doolittle was in 
 bed, asleep or pretending to be. She had 
 retired completely worn down in body and 
 mind. She had scolded and fumed at the 
 girls ; quarrellep! with John and the cook, 
 till both had told her they would leave in the 
 morning, which she had averted by promising 
 an increase of wages. With the boys she had 
 had a regular pitched battle it was not doubt- 
 ful which had won the field. 
 
 It was a scene that always has the same 
 termination the parent yields to the child, 
 
ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 and that is the end of parental control, and 
 the wretched rule of insubordination. The 
 young tyrant locked his mother in the garden, 
 and then required all sorts of promises before 
 he would open the door, and finally would 
 only agree to throw the key down, and that 
 Ned alone should come in the chamber that 
 night. He plainly told his mother that he did 
 not believe her, and would not trust her word 
 " you have broken it so often." 
 
 Mothers, let this be a lesson. Never give a 
 child reason to say, " you have broken your 
 word." Establish family discipline, and 
 steadily maintain it. Train up a child in 
 the way he should go, from the cradle, and 
 you never will have to chase him down like a 
 wild animal when he merits punishment, nor 
 sue to him to unlock the door and let you into 
 your own house. 
 
 Mrs. Do little went to her bed, if not a 
 wiser and a better woman, a very dissatisfied 
 and tired one. It is no wonder, if she was not 
 asleep, that she had no further disposition to 
 quarrel, and that she was willing to let her 
 husband fay down in quiet, without making 
 
A LESSON FOR MOTHERS. 223 
 
 him give an account of himself, and where he 
 had been, and what he had been about till 
 twelve o'clock at night. Her rage and disap- 
 pointment had overcome her, and worn her 
 down worse than a week of such " slavish 
 labor," as she was in the habit of saying Mrs, 
 Savery inflicted upon herself. If she did, she 
 did not inflict upon herself such a bitter, 
 wretched, sleepless night, as this one that 
 now tormented, instead of refreshed Mrs. 
 Doolittle. Had she known all that her hus- 
 band knew, she would have been still more 
 wretched ; for the marriage of Triphenia with 
 a Southern planter was to be to her a crown- 
 ing glory. 
 
 The girls had gone off to their room ; that 
 room so graphically described by Salinda ; and 
 there they were having a pretty quarrel be- 
 tween themselves. 
 
 Triphenia was mad because Kitty had 
 brought Salinda up there to see all the dirt 
 and confusion, and waste, and discomfort of 
 &uch an apartment. 
 
 It ended in both criminating each other for 
 what they were both guilty of sloth and indo- 
 
224 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 lence. It finally grew so warm, that Triphe- 
 nia declared that she would not sleep there 
 she would not sleep in the house never would 
 sleep there again. In this she kept her word, 
 though she did not probably intend it. She 
 left the house in anger five minutes before her 
 father came in. 
 
 The " scene" that Doolittle took a part in the 
 next morning, was not " first exhibited in that 
 theatre for the only time." It was a family 
 scene, but such as never occurs in " well regu- 
 lated families." 
 
 We will not try to peep behind the curtain, 
 for fear, 
 
 " Some power the gift would gie us 
 To see ourselves as others see us." 
 
 He was miserable, wretched beyond concep- 
 tion. Yesterday, he would have applied a 
 panacea. To day, he would die sooner than 
 touch a drop. He was a stubborn man, and 
 haying once made up his mind to a thing 
 would not back out for trifles. He could even 
 withstand the urging of his wife, when sho 
 had got over her first blast, " to take a little 
 something; do now, dear, you will feel better.". 
 
MORE FAMILY SCENES. 225 
 
 Strange is it not, that a wife should urge a 
 husband to be a " drunken fool." 
 
 Triphenia almost boiled with rage when she 
 heard her father's story; not that she had 
 thrown her love away upon such a worthless 
 fellow, but that his true character had been 
 found out, and that he stood like a convicted 
 felon, to be despised by all honest men. She 
 was still more angry to think she was detected 
 in such a web of falsehoods as she had been 
 weaving. But she concluded, instead of 
 repenting and asking forgiveness, to play the 
 heroic. She declared it was all a conspiracy 
 to prevent her marriage, but it came too late. 
 She did not ask any favors of her father par- 
 ticularly of such a father." 
 
 " Then you can take your l gentleman' and 
 leave your father and his house as soon as you 
 please. You are no longer a daughter of 
 mine." 
 
 Mr. Doolittle hurried away, and shortly 
 afterwards Triphenia left in a rage, declaring 
 she never would again cross the threshold of 
 her father's house. 
 
 10* 
 
226 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 It was only another lesson in the evils of 
 insubordination. 
 
 " I am really glad to hear how much more 
 amiable of the two Kitty, has proved herself," 
 said Mrs. Savery, when she heard the story. 
 
 " Yes, mother," said Lillie, " for instead of 
 opposing her, she did all she could to help her 
 sister. Her mother got down on her knees 
 and begged Triphenia to stay ; declaring that 
 her father should acknowledge his fault and 
 beg her pardon for his brutal treatment, and 
 receive Mr. Waltringham into the family, and 
 then they would all live there so happy 
 together. But she would not listen, but order- 
 ed John to bring out the carriage, and took 
 her trunks, and bandboxes, and drove off, 
 leaving her mother without a parting word, 
 and returning Kitty's good wishes with an 
 angry toss of her head. Of course the family 
 are in distress this evening ; nobody knows 
 where Triphenia or Mr. Doolittle are, but 
 folks guess that he is 
 
 "Drunk. I will give you the word, since 
 you hesitate to speak it. But you may rest 
 easy about that. Look here." 
 
OF THE PLEDGE. 227 
 
 Mr. Savery took from his pocket a very 
 neatly engraved card with Mr. Doolittle'g name 
 written in bold characters at the bottom. 
 
 " I am going to put this in a handsome 
 frame, and then he will hang it up in his bed 
 room. This is a temperance pledge ; and it 
 will be kept too, for it is made by a sober 
 man, in good faith, with his eyes fully opened 
 to the folly of his past career. I know where 
 the lost man has been all day. He came 
 directly from his house to my shop. He was 
 so agitated at first that he could not speak ; 
 he took me by the hand and led me into my 
 little office-room, and sat down and wiped 
 away the great drops of sweat, and with them 
 some other drops that came from the eyes, 
 and then said : 
 
 " ' To convince you that I am in earnest, 
 first give me one of those temperance pledges 
 that I have so often rejected.' He wrote his 
 name as you see it there, and put his hand 
 upon his heart, and repeated every word, and 
 said, 'With God's help this will I faithfully 
 keep.' 4 Amen,' said I. 
 
 now,' said he, 'I want to sigq 
 
228 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 something else. Jotham Savery, I am ruined. 
 I don't own a dollar's worth of property in the 
 world. It all belongs to my creditors, and I 
 want to make an assignment for their mutual 
 benefit, so that all may get a fair share. ]f 
 not sacrificed, there may be enough to pay all. 
 My workmen must be paid first in full. It is 
 their due, for they have families dependent 
 upon their wages. My stock must be paid for 
 next, Then the grocer, and butcher, and pro- 
 vision man, and lastly the furniture dealers, 
 unless they will take back so much of their 
 costly gingerbread work as remains uninjured, 
 If so, let them have it at twenty per cent, dis- 
 count. That is just, and that is what I desire 
 to be in all this transaction, The debt for 
 that foolish purchase of carriage and horses 
 must take its .chance ^it is not worthy of 
 preference unless the man chooses to take 
 back the property at exactly what I was to 
 pay for it. My family I shall move back to 
 the country to-morrow, and I want you to give 
 them such furniture as they need nothing 
 more -and the remainder must be sold. | 
 
 " ' If my creditors will let rne go on with my 
 
THE LAWYER'S OFFICE. 229 
 
 business, I can soon pay all, with my expenses 
 lessened so much. I can go back and forth 
 on the railroad, so that it will be of no conse- 
 quence to my work that I live out of town, 
 but it will be of a great deal of consequence 
 to my family.' 
 
 " ' We went to a lawyer to get the documents 
 put into a legal form. The lawyer knew me 
 very well, but he did not know Doolittle, and 
 so went on with his story of a client who was 
 in limbo on a double charge : one for a sus- 
 picion of debt one of those debts of honor 
 and the other a charge of forgery. "It 
 seems," said he, " that both my client and his 
 antagonist are a couple of precious scoundrels, 
 and that no longer ago than last night they 
 entered into a conspiracy to marry the two 
 ^daughters of a good-natured sort of a good-for- 
 nothing, drinking fellow, by the name of 
 D<oolittle, who has some property, which the 
 villains were to cheat him out of, as well a* 
 his daughters. My client had some time ago 
 given his notes to his ' friend ' for a gambling 
 debt, which the chap wanted. Well, the 
 that they were to go snacks in 
 
230 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 cheating this Doolittle, and so make the money 
 for that debt, as well as enough to flash awhile 
 with their new wives. The debtor was to 
 call on the creditor this morning, to concoct 
 further measures. This he did, and at once 
 began talking about the affair ; my man try- 
 ing all the time, by gesticulation and signs, 
 and so forth, to keep him still, and to make 
 him understand that there was somebody in 
 the other room ; but he was too dull to take 
 the hint, but began making his terms about 
 the new arrangement. 
 
 " i I say, Walt,' said he, I shall insist upon 
 one thing, before I agree to let you off from 
 this debt, and that is, if I like the oldest of 
 these two fillies best, I shall take my choice. 
 Now, mind, that if the oldest Doolittle girl 
 what did you call her Tri Tri something, 
 pleases my fancy best, I shall take her, and ' 
 
 " ' "Will you ?' said a lady, walking out of 
 the next room, and taking the gentleman a 
 slap side of the head ; ' will you ? Then learn 
 what sort of a one you will take.' 
 
 "It seems she had called just in time to 
 hear this exposition. How the fellows paci- 
 
A CONTRETEMPS. 231 
 
 fied her, I don't know, but these chaps are 
 always full of words, and know how to use 
 soft soap as well as a washerwoman. It was 
 quite a contretemps, wasn't it ?" 
 
 " < It was,' I replied ; ' we are all apt to 
 commit just such by our .unguarded tongues. 
 For instance, supposing you had been so un- 
 guarded as to tell this story in the presence 
 of that very Doolittle.' 
 
 "'Oh, you wouldn't catch me at that. I 
 am ' 
 
 " l Caught,' said I, laughing ; ' caught, as 
 keen as you are. 1 
 
 " ' My dear sir, what apology, whal amends 
 can I offer? What shall I do ?' 
 
 " ' Sit right down,' said Doolittle, accepting 
 his hand so good-naturedly ; ' sit right down 
 and attend to our business, and never mind 
 what is past. It isn't the first good thing that 
 I have lately heard of myself; that is, it will 
 be good for me, I hope.' 
 
 " It was, after all, a very amusing affair, and 
 I have no doubt will be the means of giving 
 Doolittle a valuable legal friend, because he 
 now takes an interest in him that he wo aid 
 not have felt under ordinary circumstances. 
 
ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " "We soon had the papers ready, and I have 
 already seen a portion of the creditors, all of 
 whom are disposed to let me do just what I 
 think best. Tom Whip has agreed to take the 
 horses and carriage back, and is to send up 
 to-night. He has a customer for them on 
 better terms than the .discount he offered on 
 the note. 
 
 " I don't expect to be able to do anything 
 with the furniture-men ; as they say the articles 
 have been so badly kept, they are not really 
 worth half price. The hardest part will be to 
 get the family to move back to the old place 
 in the country ; but they must do it, for a rock 
 is not more firm than Doolittle. He is already 
 a new man. 
 
 " Now that is my budget of news. Have 
 we any more ?" 
 
 " I think," said Charley Goodman, who had 
 been standing some time back of Mr. Savery's 
 chair, holding his finger on his lip as a signal 
 to the others not to notice him, so as not to 
 break the story ; " I think," said he, " that I 
 can make a slight addition to your budget." 
 
 "Triphenia culled in the course of the day, 
 and Waltringhum'ti hind lady told her thai he 
 
A. BUDGET OF NEWS. 233 
 
 had gone to jail, and added a great many 
 expletives about his character, not at all com- 
 plimentary to him or Tryphema, for being 
 deceived by such a villain." 
 
 " Poor Triphenia," said Salinda, " how 
 humiliating." 
 
 " Not half as humiliating as what followed, 
 for she had to return home to that home 
 which a few hours before she had left in such 
 a contemptuous manner, there to beg upon her 
 knees to be forgiven, before she could gain 
 admittance, or shelter even for the night. It 
 was a new era in her life to submit to her 
 father, and treat him with becoming respect. 
 It is a new era with him, to command respect 
 or to exercise parental authority. But he has 
 been taking lessons to-day ; I heard who his 
 teacher was ; I only hope that the good work 
 of reform will continue as it has begun ; for 
 truly, Doolittle is not a bad man, and his 
 children are smart enough ; they only lack 
 control, and the instillation of a little common 
 sense in the place of frivolity in the girls, and 
 stubbornness and mischief in the boys, who, 
 with proper training would make smart men." 
 
234: ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " There is still another humiliation in store 
 for them," said Mr. Savery ; " to-morrow the 
 family move to the country, and next day the 
 red flag will wave from their late residence, 
 while the auctioneer cries 4 going, going, gone,' 
 over the piano, sofas, carpets, and rose- wood 
 bedsteads. If I can close up his business and 
 experiment of city life, with a loss of not more 
 than two thousand dollars, I think I shall leave 
 him with his hands unencumbered to go to 
 work and retrieve the great mistakes of his 
 life. As for the girls, I have no fear ; Tri- 
 phenia was the most foolish, and I hope her 
 severe lesson will be one of good for life ; I 
 have known folly cured by such a shock ; it 
 will either produce that effect, or send her 
 headlong down the broad road of destruction. 
 Let us hope for the best, and be charitable. 
 
 " Kitty never was so deeply imbued with 
 folly, and I am in hopes that when she gets 
 back to the country, and finds that she must, 
 she will take hold of the domestic duties, and 
 make herself a housekeeper. The boys are 
 both to be sent away to a school that I have 
 recommended, where discipline is the first law, 
 
THE EXPERIMENT OF CITY LIFE ENDED. 235 
 
 and order the second, and where every boy is 
 taught to clean his own room, make his bed, 
 saw his own wood, kindle his fires, black his 
 boots, and keep himself neat and respectable, 
 besides attending to his studies. That will 
 dispose of them ; my great fear is about their 
 mother. Doolittle says he expects to have to 
 carry her by force, if he gets her back to the 
 country ; ' but,' says he, * I will do it, if I 
 have to carry her on a hearse.' ' 
 
 " Oh, Mr. Savery, you should have rebuked 
 him for that." 
 
 " I knew it was a strong expression, and so 
 was the provocation. Come, let us adjourn 
 this tea-table talk, and see if we cannot change 
 the subject to one more profitable than the 
 misfortunes, or errors in life, of our neighbors," 
 
ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 CHAPTEK VIII. 
 
 Reverse of Fortune with the Doolittles Going back to the 
 Country Death and its Consequences Scenes of Terror 
 and Sorrow Repentance and Reconciliation Leaving 
 Home for ever. 
 
 THE threat of Doolittle simply meant to 
 imply that he had determined that it was for 
 his interest, and the salvation of his family 
 from ruin, that he should go back to the coun- 
 try, and go he would, and his wife must sub- 
 mit. He never before was a stern man, but a 
 revolution had occurred in his character, such 
 as we sometimes see depicted upon the stage ; 
 so sudden, so complete, that the actor seems 
 to be playing another part. Doolittle was not 
 acting a part his was an original character, 
 which might be acted to advantage, for others 
 to study. The scene that was u got up " for 
 his benefit, when he went home from the busi- 
 ness of the day with Savery, can better be 
 
A FAULT-FINDING WIFE. 237 
 
 imagined than described. Mrs. Doolittle, not 
 being able to find him at the shop after send- 
 ing there repeatedly, had made up her mind 
 that he was ,away somewhere drunk, and hav- 
 ing thus determined, she was not to be con- 
 vinced by the palpable evidence of her senses, 
 when he returned in the evening, that he was 
 strictly sober. He suffered her to go on with 
 her invectives, and charges of bringing ruin 
 upon the family by his improvidence and 
 laziness, thinking perhaps that the best way 
 was, when the flood-gates were opened, to 
 allow the current to flow until the pond should 
 run out. This may be good policy where the 
 stream comes from a small head, but quite the 
 contrary where it flows from such an exhaust- 
 less source as that which supplies the cataract 
 of Niagara. 
 
 " A pretty piece of work your drinking and 
 ill temper have made ^your drunkenness and 
 your violence have undoubtedly broken off a 
 very desirable match for your daughter for I 
 don't believe a word of the story you trumped 
 up .this morning it was only a drunken 
 dream, or else sheer spite against that lovely 
 
238 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 young man you never liked him, you know 
 you didn't, and you need not deny it." 
 
 " I am not at all disposed to : I own it : and 
 am proud to think that my intellect was not 
 so obfusticated that I could not properly 
 judge his character." 
 
 " Do hear the man was anything ever like 
 it one to hear you talk would think he was 
 an imposter, or perhaps some escaped con- 
 vict." 
 
 "He may have been, but he will not escape 
 now he is in limbo for forgery, and I don't 
 know how many other crimes, and will not 
 be likely to get clear unless he breaks jail." 
 
 "Breaks jail! Is he in jail? He is ! and 
 you stand there talking about it so coolly. If 
 he is in jail, where is your daughter where 
 is Triphenia what is to become of her 
 Oh you monster, thus to break up your 
 family. I should not wonder if you were the 
 death of poor Triphenia. In the frame of 
 mind she was in when she left home this morn- 
 ing, I should not be surprised if she commit- 
 ted suicide : and all through the conduct of 
 her father. There," as she heard the door bel. 
 
THE KETURN HOME. 239 
 
 nng, "do run, Kitty, and see if it is not some 
 messenger from the poor girl, or else to tell us 
 that she has gone where no message will ever 
 come from her to her poor distracted mother." 
 
 Kitty was absent so long that it was evident 
 that the messenger was not one that brought 
 news of death or any other terrible calamity, 
 though it was one that told of ruined hopes 
 and blasted ambition that the wild day- 
 dreams of a romantic girl had all been crush- 
 ed, and herself humbled at a single blow. 
 
 It was not a messenger from Triphenia, it 
 was Triphenia herself; humbled, broken 
 down, subdued, and weeping like a child. In 
 one hour the whole of her life had been re- 
 viewed, and her errors had rushed back upon 
 her heart, and, like her father, for in many 
 cases she was like him, she had seen what 
 were her errors, and had determined to begin 
 a new course of life. She fell upon KHty's 
 neck as she opened the door, and then for the 
 first time during all the agony of the twenty- 
 four hours, since the commencement of the 
 quarrel, her fountains of tears were unlocked, 
 and poured forth their streams, greatly to the 
 
2iO ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 relief of a heart tLat until then seemed on fire. 
 As soon as she could speak, she begged Kitty 
 to hide her from her angry father her mother 
 she knew would storm awhile, but for that she 
 cared nothing; her father "if sober," she said, 
 she could never meet him she had injured 
 him too deeply to hope for forgiveness. Oh I 
 sister, since you forgive me, hide me, at least 
 for to-night, and don't let any one know that 
 I am here." 
 
 To this Kitty acceded, and while Triphenia 
 went quietly up to their room, she went back 
 to tell her mother that she had heard from 
 her sister, and that she was in a friend's house 
 safe and well, and that her mother should see 
 her in the morning. She then drew her father 
 away, as she said, to give him some supper, 
 but in reality to pave the way for a reconcili- 
 ation with Triphenia. 
 
 Doolittle was a man of a kind disposition, 
 and loved his children, and loved their cares- 
 ses, and therefore said yes, without an effort, 
 when Kitty put her arms around his neck and 
 said," father, you will forgive her ? " Her heart 
 leapt with joy to hear that little word, " yes." 
 
A FATHER'S FOKGIVENE88 241 
 
 " Oh come then, now, for she is so miserable" 
 and she took him by the arm, without 
 regarding his question " where ?" and led him 
 up to her chamber. 
 
 That " there is a time for all things," was 
 partly proved by the fact that there is a time 
 for penitence. Then was the time for Tri 
 phenia. She fell upon her father's neck, a 
 subdued, penitent child. All the errors of 
 her former conduct seemed to have concen- 
 trated upon her mind, and to be brought by 
 the one great error of her stubborn temper to 
 a culminating point, and from that she had 
 resolved that change, improvement, and some- 
 thing better should arise. In this she was 
 greatly assisted by her father's ready forgive- 
 ness of her fault, but still more from the fact 
 that he had determined never to touch another 
 drop of intoxicating liquor. 
 
 " In this," said he, " my girls, I need all my 
 own strength, and all that you can lend me. 
 I have another severe trial for you, and to 
 accomplish it in peace I shall also need your 
 aid. I am utterly ruined in business, and 
 have made an assignment, for the benefit of 
 11 
 
24:2 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 my creditors, of all my property, this house 
 and furniture included, except the few plain 
 things that we shall need in the country, 
 where we are to go to-morrow ; and I want 
 your assistance to reconcile your mother, who 
 has so often declared that she never will go 
 back alive ; and, I am sorry to say, she has 
 been sustained by her daughters, against the 
 convictions of their father." 
 
 " But shall not be any more. If you have 
 been unfortunate, and find it best to return to 
 the old place, you never shall say again that 
 we were stubborn and prevented it, and I 
 hope mother will be reasonable. Have you 
 told her?" 
 
 " Not yet ; but I will, now that I have got 
 somebody to help me. Shall I do it to-night ?" 
 
 " Yes, now ; the sooner the better ; let's 
 have it over with. Don't you say so, sister ?" 
 
 " Certainly ; and then we shall be better 
 prepared for our task to-morrow." 
 
 Poor girls, they little knew what that task 
 was to be. Although now is generally the 
 best time, it was not so in this case. Mrs. 
 Doolittle, with all her scolding of her husband 
 
TALK ABOUT MOVING. 243 
 
 for drinking, was not herself entirely free from 
 that foolish vice. Besides, she had been all 
 day in a state of intense nervous excitement, 
 which was aggravated by several potations, 
 taken as certain antidotes for her disease. 
 
 " It would have been better to have waited 
 until morning, before breaking the news to 
 her ;" that is, so said they all, after the result 
 was known. Who knows ? Better say, all is 
 for the best, however inscrutable. " I want," 
 said Doolittle, " to have a little talk with you 
 about moving to the country." 
 
 " Well, I don't want to hear anything about 
 it. I have told you often enough never to 
 speak to me again on the subject. When I 
 am dead you may carry me, not before ; I tell 
 you that, once for all, and let that be the end 
 of it." 
 
 " But it can't be the end of it ; we have got 
 to move from here ; this house and furniture 
 has got to be sold to pay my debts. I have 
 failed." 
 
 " I know you have ; you have been failing 
 ever since I knew you. If you have drank up 
 this house, it is no more than I expected ; but 
 
244 ECONOMY TLLUSTKATEP. 
 
 I can tell you, nobody is going to get me out 
 alive. I am not going to take my girls back 
 to the country, after I have spent so much to 
 give them a genteel city education, and have 
 got a fashionably furnished house for them to 
 live in : depend upon that. If you choose to 
 go, you may go, and the girls and I " 
 
 " The girls have already agreed to go, so it 
 will be you who will have to stay alone." 
 
 " It is a lie ; it is no such thing ; my girls " 
 
 " Have both agreed to go with father, and 
 have come to urge you to consent to go with 
 us freely." 
 
 "Freely! freely! ha! go freely! then I 
 am to be coerced if I don't go freely, am I ? 
 Hold your tongue you are a pretty baggage 
 how that word grated upon Triphenia's ear 
 to join your father in a conspiracy against 
 me. No, I won't go, I tell you all, to save 
 you from falling dead at my feet. I I I 
 Oh, God forgive me ! husband ! Kitty I 
 Tri e e Oh!" 
 
 Mrs. Doolittle was ready to go ; the period 
 had arrived when she would make no further 
 opposition. As she was uttering the words, 
 
THE TIME COME. 245 
 
 " falling dead at my feet," she had risen from 
 her chair, and stretched out her hands in a 
 menacing manner towards the girls, upon 
 whom her anger seemed to fall most bitter, 
 for having, as she thought, deserted her, and 
 gone over to her husband's side. For a 
 moment she looked wildly terrible ; so much 
 so that they were afraid to approach her. Mr. 
 Doolittle had seen so many of her hysteric 
 fits that he was not alarmed, until her voice 
 changed to that of prayer, and then he hardly 
 knew whether it was penitence or anger, until 
 she called him and the girls by name, and in 
 trying to finish Triphenia's name, turned 
 black in the face with suffocation, and before 
 he could spring across the room to catch her, 
 she pitched forward toward his outstretched 
 arms, and fell heavily upon the carpet, a 
 corpse. 
 
 The time had come, Oh, how soon ! " When. 
 I am dead you may carry me." He carried 
 her first to a sofa, and others rushed out for a 
 surgeon. First one, then two, three, for not- 
 withstanding it was midnight, the news spread, 
 and each one that heard it ran for another 
 
246 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 doctor. It was of no use. The first one pro- 
 nounced her dead dead from suffocation a 
 very common effect upon obese persons of 
 riolent temper, resulting from sudden anger. 
 
BIX MONTHS ON TIME'S EAILROAD. 247 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Six Months on Time's RailroadTalk of Marriage Sensi- 
 ble Conclusion to get ready first Preparation for House- 
 keeping The New House A Pleasant Surprise. 
 
 How rapidly six months went down the 
 Inclined, plane of Time's railroad, carrying 
 along the daily trains of cars freighted with 
 hopes, anticipations, prospects of things to 
 happen before the train reaches the final ter- 
 mination ; and how anxiously had those wait- 
 ing at the roadside stations, watched each day 
 for the one that would bring the culmination 
 of the hope nearest the heart. 
 
 Charley Goodman was among those watch- 
 ing and waiting. Yet he was not impatient, 
 for reason told him that in no six months of 
 Salinda's life, had she travelled so fast upon 
 the road of improvement that lifts the civil- 
 ized, cultivated, educated woman, above one 
 bred in savage life, or reared in health-destroy- 
 ing indolence of families who suppose them- 
 selves the very acme of Christian civilization. 
 
248 ECONOMY ILLU 
 
 " Six months," said he to her one evening, 
 " of my probation have passed. It is the first 
 period that you set 4 six months or a year ' 
 those were the words ; do yon intend to keep 
 me waiting for the longest period ?" 
 
 " Why, Charley, the time has gone so rap- 
 idly, that I can hardly realize that so many 
 months of my life have been sped away never 
 to return. But there is a lesson in that, well 
 worthy of thought careful, serious thought 
 it should teach us the economy of time. To 
 look back, I cannot see where I have wasted 
 mine, but to look forward it seems as though 
 I should be able to accomplish a great deal 
 more in the next six months than I have in the 
 past. I do hope they will be as happy ones 
 to me as the past have been. And one of the 
 most happy of all the circumstances connected 
 with them, is, that I am sc much better fitted 
 to be your wife than I was before." 
 
 " Then when will you be that coveted 
 object ?" 
 
 " You remember the promise - l six months 
 or a year ' I shall leave it to you to decide, 
 after 1 state a few circumstances. Neither of 
 
TALKING OF MARRIAGE. 249 
 
 as having previously determined upon our 
 marriage at this time, neither are prepared; 
 and I have not been six months studying 
 economy, without learning what a waste of 
 time it would be to get married before we are 
 prepared. Some romance reading young girls, 
 seem to think that it would be the very per- 
 fection of cunning mystery, to get married so 
 suddenly or so slyly, that none of their friends 
 would know of the courtship, until they were 
 introduced as Mrs. Jones or Mrs. Smith. But 
 that is not the case with us it is well known 
 that we are affianced we make no mystery of 
 our intention to get married when we get 
 ready and that is what I propose now to do; 
 and that will be carrying out the principles of 
 economy that I have learned in this house. It 
 is now the beginning of winter : the year will 
 end in May, that sweetest of all the months of 
 the year for a bright honey-moon ; and during 
 the winter I will devote my leisure time to 
 looking up, buying, making, and getting 
 together all the little et ceteras of house-keep- 
 ing; in doing which I shall find the advice 
 of Mrs. Savery and the assistance of Lillio 
 11* 
 
250 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 almost ii valuable. In the meantime you shall 
 determine where we are to live, and get our 
 house ready, and next May-day we will move 
 into it in the morning, and at dinner time you 
 shall have your first rneal provided by the 
 hands of your own dear wife. Now, is not 
 that a lesson of economy, worth all the roman- 
 tic marriages of Gretna Green ?" 
 
 " You are a blessed angel, and you shall be 
 my guide, I hope, through a long life of 
 happiness." 
 
 " Rather, we will go hand-in-hand, my voice 
 cheering you, and your strength sustaining 
 me. It is thus a man and wife should live, 
 and then they will be happy." 
 
 It was very true, as Salinda said, that the 
 advice of Mrs. Savery would prove invalua- 
 ble in providing for house-keeping. Her 
 father was willing to purchase almost any 
 amount of costly furniture, but Salinda stead- 
 ily refused. She wanted first to see where it 
 was to be put, and then she would determine 
 what she would have. 
 
 " That you shall see to-morrow morning,' 
 said Charley. It was cow winter, but one of 
 
AN OLD HOME. 251 
 
 fchose clear, mild days that make an American 
 winter so delightful, when Salinda went to see 
 the spot selected for her future home. She 
 was aware that something had been going on 
 for some time between Mr. Savery and Char- 
 ley, which they were not disposed to let her 
 into the secret of; but whether it was a house 
 or some article of furniture, she was not cer 
 tain. However, this clear, beautiful morning 
 was to determine the extent of their secrets. 
 Just on the outskirts of the town lived old 
 Captain Peabody, whose wife kept the cow 
 that eat the grass saved by Frank from the 
 garden borders and grass plot. Salinda had 
 often admired the place, it was so neat, with 
 its large garden and fruit trees, and little 
 white stable, and old well, and green grass, 
 arid shady yard; but the old house, like its 
 old occupants, had been in its prime fifty 
 years ago. Both had seen their day, and the 
 old lady had gone to her last home, leaving 
 her old partner the sole occupant of tlieir late 
 one now home no more ; and he had been 
 persuaded to part with it, and go and spend 
 the remainder of his days with a daughter in 
 the COVMUVY, It \yaa a sad thing to go and 
 
252 
 
 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 leave a house where he had lived over fifty 
 years, and all the choice trees and shrubs that 
 bore fruit and flowers ; but it was a consola- 
 tion to the old man to know into whose hands 
 all his treasured things were going to fall, and 
 that the place would be occupied by those 
 who would not only permit, but welcome his 
 occasional visits. 
 
 " Jf it warn't for the poor old house looking 
 so shabby," said Capt. Peabody to Charley 
 Goodman, " I would offer to sell you my place, 
 because your Salinda would so appreciate the 
 garden and fruit, and all the little conve- 
 niences that make life comfortable ; and I 
 would sell it to you cheaper than to any other 
 person I know of, because I know that I should 
 always meet with such a kind welcome and 
 sweet smile from her, when I came to lo< k 
 after my pet trees, and, perhaps, use my pr i- 
 ning knife here and there as it was needed. 
 I really must stipulate for the privilege '>f 
 trimming the grape vines every season, a& I 
 could not bear to see them grow worthless for 
 want of care. Ah ! it is not many years that 
 I shall care for them at best." 
 
 " No matter for the shabbiness of the bout* ; 
 
BUYING A HOUSE. 253 
 
 you know I am a carpenter, and can soon fix 
 that ; if you have a mind to sell me the place, 
 you shall retain your old bed room, and always 
 find it in order whenever you will come down 
 and spend a night or a week or month in your 
 old home. I shall think it good economy to 
 make such an arrangement, for the many 
 things that you can teach me, not only in 
 pruning the vines, but in everything else, by 
 which you have kept the place in such order 
 that it attracts the attention of all passing by ; 
 and as for Salinda, you know how much she 
 loves a garden and shrubbery." 
 
 "And shall have it. I don't want the 
 money, but I suppose it is worth a thousand 
 dollars, perhaps it would sell for more, but no 
 matter ; I want that sum secured to my four 
 grandchildren, when they come of age, and 
 the place is yours ; is it a bargain ? " 
 
 " It is ; I will have the papers prepared to- 
 morrow, and go to work at once, and you shall 
 soon see how quick I can cure the house of its 
 shabby appearance. If you please, do not tell 
 Salinda; I want to give her a pleasant little 
 surprise.'' 
 
254 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 He did so upon the morning mentioned. 
 The place was about a mile from Mr. Savery's, 
 and the day clear, dry and bracing. He 
 offered to get a carriage, but she simply said, 
 " would that be good economy ? " It would not, 
 because the walk was not only pleasant, but 
 in such air, particularly healthy. It would be 
 good economy for ladies to take many such 
 walks. 
 
 The plan arranged was, that Mrs. Savery 
 and the girls should start whenever they got 
 ready, and Mr. Savery and Charley would 
 meet them at the Capt. Peabody place, where, 
 it was understood, they were at work fixing 
 up the house for sale, and go from there to 
 the house he talked of occupying, which was 
 close by, in that pleasant neighborhood. 
 
 " Dear me, Mrs. Savery," said Salinda, " do 
 look what a pretty cottage they have made 
 where the old house used to stand. I declare I 
 wish Charley could have bought that, it would 
 have been perfectly lovely. "Who did he say 
 was going to live there? I am afraid that I 
 shall break the tenth commandment." 
 
 "I hope not; I do not recollect that he ever 
 
THE OLD HOUGE REBUILT* 255 
 
 told me who was going to live here, but who- 
 ever it is will have a very pleasant home ; the 
 old man has a valuable collection of fruit." 
 
 " "Whoever has it, I hope will give him a 
 share while he lives ; I am sui e he is entitled 
 to it over and above all the money price." 
 
 " That is a good sentiment, Salinda ; let us 
 step in and inquire who the new owner is, and 
 whether he will be likely to carry out your 
 wishes." 
 
 They found, upon examination, that the old- 
 house had not been taken away entirely ; it 
 was only remodeled. The frame was one of 
 the old sort of solid oak, calculated to endure 
 for ever, upon its firm stone- wall foundation, 
 that extended to the bottom of a dry cellar, 
 and there rested upon a rock. Upon such a 
 foundation a more modern form had been 
 wrought out of the old fabric. The large 
 stone chimney had been removed from the 
 center, and two brick tops added to the roof, 
 which had been changed into a gothic form, 
 and tops are only needed where stoves take 
 the place of hearth -stones. In the place of 
 tlifl chimney was now a stair-way to four good 
 
256 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 bed-rooms above, and to cellar, milk-room, 
 and coal-room below. 
 
 The space formerly cccupied by the stair- 
 way was now included in a hall ; so that, in- 
 stead of a cramped, narrow entry, there was 
 a fine, roomy space, which would often be 
 used for a sitting-room in summer. The par- 
 lor was the same old square room, the white 
 ash floor of which had never known a carpet ; 
 but how changed its appearance ; for in place 
 of the great stone fire-place stood a bright 
 coal stove, and the little windows of small 
 panes of glass had given way to a large pro- 
 jecting window upon each the north and 
 east side, reaching from floor to ceiling, 
 which, with the walls, had been papered upon 
 the half century old plastering. 
 
 The " common room " had undergone ano- 
 ther metamorphosis; for the back windows 
 were hidden by a new building for a kitchen, 
 store-room and pantries, the latter of which 
 formerly occupied the east end of this room, 
 but had been removed, and the room carried 
 out six feet, with long windows opening on 
 the north, south and east sides, making a ]>lea 
 
THE OLD BED-ROOM. 257 
 
 fant alcove both summer and winter, looking 
 out upon the grass-plot and flower-garden, 
 and within reach of two plum trees and a 
 nectarine. 
 
 At the other end of this room was a bed- 
 room it was the one that this good couple 
 had slept in for fifty years, and it looked as 
 though it might have been occupied up to 
 this moment by the same persons without 
 change. It was the only thing unchanged 
 about the house. Salinda expressed her sur- 
 prise. She was delighted with every thing 
 she saw, and admired the taste of the new 
 purchaser in all his alterations ; but this room 
 was a phenomenon, and she exclaimed, " What 
 does it mean ?" 
 
 " It is the intention of the old captain to 
 pay the new occupant an occasional visit, to 
 look after his favorite fruit trees, and prune 
 and keep them in bearing " 
 
 " And to eat the fruit, I hope." 
 
 " Yes, I hope so, for many years ; and the 
 purchaser has thought how pleasant it would 
 be for the old man at such times to occupy 
 his old room, just as he did when the place 
 
258 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 was all his own. It will be pleasant, too, I 
 hope to the new owners." 
 
 " Yes, and grateful in the sight of Heaven, 
 to see such kind consideration for the aged, 
 the poor bereaved old man. How it must 
 ease the pang with which he parted with his 
 home. Oh ! I could hug the purchaser to my 
 heart for this," said Salinda, with enthusiasm. 
 
 " Then do it," said Charley, bursting into a 
 joyous laugh, in which he was joined by the 
 others, while he folded the astonished, but 
 thrice happy girl, in his arms. Happy to 
 think this lovely home was hers happy to 
 think the praise of this noble act which she 
 had so applauded, was due to the man she 
 had chosen for a husband happy to think 
 with what care and pleasure she, with her 
 own hands, would keep that room always in 
 order, while the old man would teach her the 
 names, and how to tend and cultivate the 
 various trees and plants of the garden. As 
 the children sometimes say, she was " happy 
 all over." 
 
 . . "You told me," said Charley, " that I should 
 have all winter to get a house ready, and when 
 
HOUSE FURNISHING. 259 
 
 f had got it, you could tell what you wanted 
 to furnish it with ; I am now ready for your 
 part ; I only stipulate that you shall not order 
 any furniture, except carpets and crockery 
 and small articles, until you see me again 
 upon that subject." 
 
 " Another surprise, I suppose ; but you have 
 nothing in store that can make me any more 
 happy than I am now I am full my excess 
 of pleasure is almost childish. Oh! this is 
 such a home; such a lovely pleasant place, 
 that I feel as though I could not be thankful 
 enough. But I will not let my pleasure in- 
 terfere with my business, if I am to buy the 
 furniture, the first thing is to get the measure- 
 ment of the rooms for the carpets. Will you 
 give me that, while I make a memorandum, 
 as we go from room to room, with Mrs. 
 Bavery's assistance, of the various articles 
 necessary mind the word, necessary for I 
 intend to get no others, that we shall require, 
 Lillie, will you act as clerk, you are so quick 
 with a pencil? Here is my memorandum 
 book. Where shall we begin ? " 
 
 " In the kitchen, certainly," said Mrs 
 
260 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 Savery, " for there, of all other parts of the 
 house, is where things are necessary, yet there 
 is where they are most neglected. In the first 
 place, Lillie, you may make a memorandum 
 of the tin ware from your recollection ot what 
 we have at home ; and always bear in mind 
 Salinda, that buying cheap tin ware is throw- 
 ing money away; none, but the very best 
 double plate, should ever be used, and such 
 will last a life time the poorest kind will 
 wear out in a year. Upon the same principle, 
 never buy low priced earthen ware, particu- 
 larly that which looks like the substance of a 
 common brick, when broken. The solid strong 
 stone ware costs, perhaps, a quarter more, and 
 is worth ten times as much as the other. 
 
 "The same remark will apply to iron and 
 wooden ware ; it is much more economical to 
 buy the best at first. Put down a looking 
 glass, Lillie; every kitchen should have a 
 looking glass, so that whoever has occasion to 
 go from there to the parlor may not be morti- 
 fied, when she catches a glance in the great 
 mirror, to see that her hair or dress is all 
 awry. A little glass here, that will only cost 
 
CARPETS. 261 
 
 half a dollar, will save many a dollar's worth 
 of time spent in running up stairs, i just to fix 
 my hair.' 
 
 " You want a good str ong oil cloth on the 
 floor ; it will save twice its cost in labor before 
 it is worn out. You must have plenty of 
 kitchen towels ; if you don't, it is ten chances 
 to one but the first hired girl you have will 
 take a damask table cloth to wipe the dishes, 
 and a fine wiping towel for a pot cloth. The 
 best material in the world, for kitchen cloths, 
 is our country tow linen ; it is worth five times 
 as much as the imported crash trash would 
 be a better name that almost every body 
 uses." 
 
 " What do you advise about carpets ?" 
 "That you buy a substantial three-ply 
 carpet of some only medium dark pattern and 
 cheerful colors, which will in a measure cor- 
 respond with the furniture, for this room, 
 where you will spend :aearly all your time. 
 For the parlor, you may as well get a good 
 Brussels, that will last you a life time, but 
 mind that the pattern is one that has some 
 resemblance to something in the world, and 
 
262 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 that in both figure and color, it is cheerful. 
 As your stairs are not in a position for show, 
 when the front door is open, I should put 
 down a strip of soft matting, just to break the 
 sounds of the step. You know stair carpeting 
 is going out of fashion and paint is substituted. 
 For your bed-rooms, I would buy a good piece 
 of ingrain, or three-ply, enough to carpet all 
 the rooms alike. Get a pattern of soft colors, 
 a prominent one of which should be green, 
 and the figures, flowers and foliage. As to 
 your bedding, you will find it good economy 
 to get that of good quality throughout. You 
 should have both cotton and linen sheets and 
 pillow cases. 
 
 " There, I think that memorandum will last 
 you till next week, and then we will come out 
 again and see how things look, and what 
 Charley has to say about the other furniture." 
 
 Next week they did come out again, and 
 sure enough, there was another surprise. Mi's. 
 Lovewell had, unbeknown to Salinda, em- 
 ployed a man to put down the carpets, and 
 Charley had been busy with his part of the 
 plot. He had learned from the Saverys how 
 
THE BED ROOMS. 263 
 
 much of the furniture of a house he could 
 make with his own hands, and while the ordi- 
 nary work of his trade was slack during the 
 winter, he had thus employed himself, and 
 with the assistance of a painter had succeeded 
 most admirably. Salinda found the four bed- 
 rooms occupied with bedsteads, bureaus, wash- 
 stands, tables and chairs, the cost of which 
 would bear no comparison to the mahogany 
 and rose-wood ones that she was tempted to 
 buy at the Doolittles' sale, because, as the 
 auctioneer said, they went at such a great 
 sacrifice upon first cost. 
 
 " Shall I bid?" said Charley to Mr. Savery, 
 when they were selling " so very low." 
 
 "No, no ; you don't want them you can 
 make better ones in your own shop with a 
 few boards, a saw, plane, and hammer, and 
 nails, and a little paint." 
 
 So he did; and now, here they were. 
 "This," said Mrs. Savery, "is the oak-room 
 this the maple-room this the black-walnut 
 room and this you have so hidden the kind 
 of wood, that we shall have to distinguish it 
 by the color." 
 
261 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " No, we will distinguish it by the orna- 
 ment ; we will call it the tulip-room. The 
 articles are made of the wood of the American 
 tulip-tree, and the painter has very appropri- 
 ately chosen the flower and leaf for an orna- 
 ment ; just as you see in the oak-room, the 
 handles of the bureau are carved acorns, 
 and oak-leaves, and on the walnut and 
 maple, there is the representation of a leaf 
 in gilt. 
 
 "I will add, as they are wanted, more 
 frames for lounges, such as I have in this room 
 and the sitting-room below, where you will 
 find all the necessary tables, benches, etc. ; 
 and I would have tried my hand at the parlor 
 furniture, but your mother would not consent. 
 Your father wanted to buy everything, but I 
 said No, and now he is as much delighted as 
 his daughter appears to be ; and he declares 
 that he intends to quit business and come and 
 live with us- he has already chosen the oak- 
 room, and says it pleases him better than any 
 imported furniture. You know he is a great 
 tariff man, and goes for home manufactures, 
 and this kind of furnishing just suits his 
 
THE OLD HOME. 265 
 
 notions. He insisted that all the carpeting 
 should be American." 
 
 While Salinda was enjoying her raptures, 
 to see how nice everything looked, and won- 
 dering how all these changes would affect the 
 good old man, to whom they owed so much 
 for the embellishments of the ground, which 
 no amount of industry could have given them 
 in the short time it had taken to metamor- 
 phose the house, she was startled with the 
 feeling of a hand upon her shoulder some 
 one had approached unseen, and she turned 
 suddenly, and met the smiling face, glowing 
 beneath the snowy locks of the man she was 
 just talking about in words of such heart- 
 feeling. In another moment it was impulse 
 without premeditation a sort of magnetic 
 attraction he was pressing her in his arms, 
 while she gave him a child- like, affectionate 
 kiss. 
 
 " I will tell you what he thinks how he 
 feels that in giving up his old home to 
 strangers, he never shall feel like a stranger 
 among them. You will be to me more like a 
 dear child of my own, than a stranger, 
 12 
 
266 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 all this change does not grieve me half as 
 much as it would to come back to the same 
 old house I left, and find an old hat here, a 
 pillow or old rags there, filling the broken 
 windows, and the whole house occupied with 
 dirt and squalid wretchedness. It is the first 
 time I have seen my old home since I left it 
 the change is very great, to be sure, but all 
 for the best." 
 
 Salinda then took the old man through the 
 house, and skowed him the new arrangements 
 and conveniences, with all of which he ex- 
 pressed as much delight as though he had 
 made them himself for a favorite child. At 
 last she opened the door of his old bed-room ; 
 and when he saw that amid all the altera- 
 tions, this had been preserved without change, 
 his heart was too full for utterance. He knew 
 the object, and felt the full force of the kind 
 act ; and tears trickled down his cheeks, as he 
 stood offering up a mental prayer for those 
 who showed such feeling for others, that they 
 should never lack ministering angels to their 
 own declining years. 
 
 It is strange how little is required to move 
 
GETTING READY FOR THE WEDDING. 207 
 
 the human heart, and since such trifling acts 
 of kindly feeling of one to another produce 
 so much happiness to giver as well as receiver, 
 that we are not more anxious to be kind to 
 one another. 
 
 Time now sped on rapidly with the prepara- 
 tions for housekeeping. Few seem to under- 
 stand the economy, however, of all these 
 preparations before marriage, instead of after ; 
 for then the time of the young wife is more 
 or less absorbed by calls of friends, many of 
 which must be returned, or friends and ac- 
 quaintances will feel that the laws which 
 govern the courtesies of life have been vio- 
 lated. 
 
 March, that month of storm, cold and blus- 
 tering winds, snows and rains, with alternate 
 freezing and thawing, which makes it one of 
 the most uncomfortable months of all the 
 year, had come and gone almost unnoticed by 
 Salinda and the Saverys, so busy were they 
 in this work of preparation. April, too, with 
 its sunshine and showers, its summer hot 
 days, and chilling cold, was rapidly going 
 down the smooth ways that launch the gliding 
 
ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 months into eternity, deep-freighted as they 
 are with whatever serves to make up the cargo 
 of joys or sorrows of human life. May-day 
 was now rapidly approaching, and May- day 
 had been set apart by Salinda for that to a 
 young woman most important of all days of 
 her life her wedding-day. 
 
 During the winter there had been one sub- 
 ject frequently talked over among those who 
 occupied the sitting-room, and made up that 
 pleasant family circle at the Saverys. That 
 subject was the Doolittle family. The change 
 was indeed a wonderful one. Triphenia had 
 kept her promise to her father to the letter ; 
 for she had done all a child could do to make 
 his home a pleasant one, and in this she had 
 been ably assisted by Kitty. Mrs. Savery had 
 been out several times to visit and advise 
 with them, and her instructions were well fol- 
 lowed. Triphenia said she was determined 
 to win her approbation as a housekeeper, to as 
 great a degree as she had lost her respect, 
 while absorbed in the folly of trying to ape a 
 class that all her antecedents had unfitted her 
 for. Being naturally of a strong mind, full of 
 
EFFECTS OF REFORM . 269 
 
 tlic raw material out of which proper educa- 
 tion makes a smart, sensible woman, she was 
 quick to learn, and six months' practical 
 education had produced almost as great a 
 change in her, as the same period had in Cap- 
 tain Peabody's old house. Salinda and Lillie 
 had often visited the girls in their humble 
 home in the country, and always came away 
 as much delighted with their visit, as they 
 had been formerly disgusted. 
 
 The girls had been persuaded, too, into a 
 new course of reading, and Salinda and Lillie 
 had both undertaken to furnish them books 
 with their own notes and comments, and re- 
 ferences to particular chapters, pages or sen- 
 tences. Charley Goodman, too, had entered 
 into the spirit of the thing, and used to come 
 every spare evening, and while Mrs. Savery 
 and the girls plied their busy needles, he 
 whiled the time away reading aloud ; and 
 Mr. Savery, whenever the occasion offered, 
 added some comments, and Frank acted as 
 note-taker, which Lillie afterwards wrote out 
 and sent to the Doolittle girls. 
 
 It is perfectly surprising, the amount of in* 
 
270 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 formation that may be thus treasured lip in a 
 family, by this economical use of time in the 
 long winter months. 
 
 It should encourage all of us in the prosecu- 
 tion of a good work, when we read what a 
 beneficial influence was wrought upon those 
 wayward girls. Triphenia and Kitty, by 
 these friendly epistles of good advice and en- 
 couragement, and the notices of good books, 
 with extracts from their pages, by which a 
 new taste for reading was acquired, and a very 
 vicious habit of reading none but the most ex- 
 citing novels got rid of, by which both mind 
 and morals were improved. 
 
 The last day of April at length arrived. The 
 wedding dress was all ready ; it was a simple, 
 plain white muslin ; no more expensive than 
 would be appropriate for the daughter of a 
 very humble mechanic. Salinda had steadily 
 rejected all the offers of her parents to provide 
 costly apparel, or jewelry ornaments. "I 
 already have enough," she said, " and I will 
 not grieve a woman who has devoted so much 
 attention to teaching me economy, as Mrs. 
 Savery has, by incurring a useless expend!- 
 
THE BANK CERTIFICATE. 271 
 
 ture." She only asked just enough besides her 
 own simple dress, to apparel her bridesmaid, 
 the dear Lillie, just like herself, and give a 
 new suit to " brother Frank." 
 
 Mr. Lovewell had made it " a matter gf 
 business" to pay Mrs. Savery punctually every 
 month the sum stipulated for Salinda's " board 
 and tuition." He was always careful to insert 
 these terms in every receipt ; and he was just 
 about as careful to send the money on the last 
 day of the month, as he was to pay his notes 
 in bank ; and it was always sent in gold. In 
 the excitement of this busy evening, this 
 wonted punctuality had been forgotten by the 
 recipients, but not by the payer of the money, 
 and while they were sitting as usual after tea, 
 in their family chit-chat, a ring was heard 
 upon the door-bell, and while Salinda was 
 wondering if that could be father and mother, 
 the regular monthly messenger was ushered 
 into the room with his " little matter of busi- 
 ness." 
 
 " I wish," thought Lillie, " that Mr. Pre- 
 cision had for once forgotten that this is the 
 last day of the month, in the evening, and 
 
272 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 that to-morrow we are going to have a wed- 
 ding here," for Salinda had stipulated that 
 she might be married in a house that had been 
 to her a home for the happiest year of her 
 life. 
 
 Mrs. Savery thought as she took the pack- 
 age and signed the receipt, " I wonder if this 
 punctual man of business formality will let the 
 year pass without ever expressing a single 
 word of approbation, except this regular pay- 
 ment for i board and tuition ' ?" 
 
 There was nothing to indicate that the man 
 felt that he had any other obligation to dis- 
 charge, and Mrs. Savery bowed her head 
 upon her hand, it must be owned, slightly 
 Bad. She was not a vain woman, but she had 
 that good trait in human nature which 
 prompts many a noble action a love of ap- 
 probation. She was so absorbed in thought, 
 that she did not notice that the man, before he 
 left the room, had crossed over and handed a 
 package to Lillie, who was just then wishing 
 the man had not come there. He simply said : 
 "This is for you, Miss Lillie Savery," and 
 bowed himself out of the room. 
 
273 
 
 Lillie sat in a maze of wonder, eyeing the 
 formidable seal which had been affixed by 
 the old clerk with as much scrupulous exact- 
 ness as though he was going to send it by 
 mail, instead of being his own postman. 
 
 " You might as well break it," said her 
 father. 
 
 "Break what?" said her mother, for the 
 first time looking up and seeing the astonish- 
 ment depicted in Lillie's face, as she looked 
 at the package in her hand. Mrs. Savery 
 now wondered. Lillie soon solved the won- 
 der, by clipping the envelope and displaying 
 the contents, the most noticeable of which 
 was a bank stock certificate, made out in the 
 name of Jotham Savery in trust for his daugh- 
 ter Lillie, for one thousand dollars. 
 
 There was a short letter addressed to Miss 
 Lillie Savery, begging her to accept the 
 enclosed " as a marriage portion, whenever 
 that event may occur, as a very slight and 
 perfectly inadequate expression of the deep 
 (sense of gratitude due you and your family, 
 from your truly sincere friends, Mr. and Mrs. 
 William Lovewell." 
 
274: ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 Tears trickled down the cheeks of Mrs. 
 Savery. as Lillie read the note, which though 
 very short, was very expressive. Her love of 
 approbation was fully gratified. 
 
 It was, perhaps, very well that all minds 
 were just now diverted from this subject by 
 another. Susan said a gentleman was waiting 
 in the passage to speak with Mr. Savery, who 
 went out and said a few words in so low a 
 tone that the voices could not be distinguished, 
 except as he said to the stranger, " Wait till I 
 speak with the girls." 
 
 "What could he be waiting for ? What was 
 
 to be said to the girls ? That was soon known, 
 
 .for Mr. Savery came back with an unusually 
 
 serious face, and as he entered, said, "Poor 
 
 Doolittle 1" 
 
 "Poor Doolittle!" replied Mrs. Savery; 
 " why, you alarm me ; what has happened ?" 
 
 " Nothing has happened yet ; but he is 
 likely to lose his housekeeper that is, his 
 oldest one. Triphenia is going to be mar- 
 ried, and like Salinda, she has chosen May- 
 day for hei wedding day." 
 
ANOTHER SURPRISE. 275 
 
 "Then she won't be here nor Kitty, I 
 suppose. Then who will stand up with Lillie ? 
 What a misfortune !" 
 
 " I don't know about that ; that all depends 
 upon circumstances. She. will come, if you 
 will agree to have a double wedding here, 
 and then all go together out to her husband's 
 home in the country." 
 
 " Well, now, in the first place, we should 
 like to know who we are going to entertain, 
 and where we are going to be entertained. 
 Who is the happy man?" 
 
 " Really, I never thought to ask his name ; 
 but he is in the hall ; I will call him* in to 
 speak for himself." 
 
 He threw open the door, and the gentleman 
 came forward. Liliie was the first to probe 
 the mystery, which he endeavored to keep up 
 by holding his hat before his face. She 
 sprang forward, and had her arms around his 
 neck before he had fairly emerged into the 
 light, uttering a wild exclamation of joy, as 
 she repeated, ' Uncle Samuel uncle Samuel 
 I thought so : I knew it must be him, for I 
 am sure Triphenia never loved any bo4y elsej 
 
276 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 and now what a good wife she will make him ! 
 But how sly they have been, though !" 
 
 If my readers can imagine a more happy 
 wedding party than the one that lunched at 
 the Saverys, and dined at the old Whitlock 
 p arm, on the first of May, 185-, or better or 
 more happy wives than those that preside 
 now, at this moment, over "\yhitlock House 
 and Peabody Cottage, I shall leave them to 
 their imagination. 
 
THE STORY OP A DIME A DAY. 
 
 {Originally printed in The Tribune, Dec. 7, 1856.] 
 
 WTiat shall we Buy ? What one Dime Purchased A Lep- 
 son Learned What Good can be Done with a Dime 
 Dying to Live Starving without Dying Dimes Wasted 
 Economy in Fuel Wasted Fuel Chips worth Saving 
 Heat Wasted Fire Kindlers. 
 
 ONE DIME. 'Tis a little sum 'tis often 
 given for a drink or a cigar 'tis soon burned 
 out and wasted. It takes ten dimes to make 
 a dollar, and a dollar is a common price for 
 a single rneal. It is soon eaten its effects 
 are not lasting, except when it produces 
 dyspepsia, and then it often costs a hundred 
 dimes to purchase medicine that does not 
 cure the disease. 
 
 To those who never dine for less than a 
 dollar, how unsatisfactory would be a dinner 
 for a Dime ! Reader, have you ever reflected 
 how many entire families in this city, where 
 food is so dear, dine, every day, for less than 
 
278 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATE!;. 
 
 one Dime ? Did you ever think of bestowing 
 one Dime for charitable purposes, and how 
 much good that would do? What if every 
 subscriber to the Weekly Tribune should give 
 one Dime, with his subscription, to be ap- 
 plied to the necessities of the needy, and 
 deserving poor, in this city did you ever 
 consider what a sum it would be? Look at 
 it 175,000 subscribers, at one Dime each, 
 is $17,500 ! What if it were applied to pur- 
 chase bread, say at five cents a loaf! It 
 would buy 350,000 loaves of bread. What 
 if we should announce that such a quantity 
 of bread was about to be given to the poor, 
 in this city ! The whole land would rejoice. 
 How much can be done with one Dime ! 
 
 Let us see what we would do with it if we 
 had but one only one Dime in the world 
 and yet with that must provide for a family 
 consisting of a mother and four children for 
 a whole day. We would not buy bakers' 
 bread at sixpence a loaf very small loaves, 
 too, never weighing over a pound, however 
 moist or however adulterated with corn, po- 
 tatoes, or buckwheat, which are harmless 
 
WHAT SHALL WE BUY? 279 
 
 or with plaster of Paris, lime, alum, sulphate 
 of zinc, ground bones, and we do not know 
 how many other deleterious substances. JsTo, 
 we would not buy bakers' bread with our 
 Dime, nor would we buy fine flour at six or 
 seven cents a pound, else some of the chil- 
 dren would go hungry. We might buy corn 
 meal and make a cheap cake, or a pot of 
 mush, or a larger pot of porridge, or we might 
 buy two pounds of hominy, and then our 
 Dime would feed the family one full meal ; 
 but to this latter article there is one objection. 
 "Where is the fuel to come from to cook this 
 mess ? for corn, more than any other grain, 
 requires cooking to make it palatable and 
 wholesome. Two, three, or even four hours 
 of slow boiling is not too much. Our Dime 
 will not cook as well as buy the corn meal or 
 hominy. What then? Potatoes! Let us 
 see. They require least cooking ; but they 
 cost, with all their water and they are more 
 than 'half water two cents and a half a 
 pound at retail. 
 
 Then they are not cheap food after all. 
 It will not do to spend our Dime for potatoes. 
 
280 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATE!-. 
 
 What then? It is no easy study to learn 
 how to procure the most human food for a 
 Dime ; to ascertain how many hungry mouths 
 may be fed how many empty stomachs sat- 
 isfied, for one Dime. It is a study too much 
 neglected. It should be taught in all Public 
 Schools. Certainly in all Charity, Industrial, 
 and Ragged Schools, where children are fed 
 as well as taught. What better wisdom 
 could you teach them than how to procure 
 the most food for a Dime ? It is a little 
 coin, but can be made to expand. It would 
 be real charity genuine charity practical 
 charity to teach such scholars economy in 
 food ; not how to eat less, to live upon less 
 for Heaven knows some of them live upon 
 little enough now but to teach them what 
 to buy, in case of emergency, with a little 
 coin only one Dime. We have lately 
 learned that lesson, and we will teach it to 
 you. We learned it of a woman that is, the 
 practical operation of it though she says 
 she learned it of us, from something she read 
 about economizing food, in the Tribune. 
 "I had," said she, a one day last week, 
 
WHAT ONE DIME PURCHASED. 281 
 
 only one Dime in the world, and that was to 
 feed me and my four children all day ; for 
 I would not ask for credit, and I would not 
 borrow, and I never did beg. I did live 
 through the day, and I did not go hungry. I 
 fed myself and family with one Dime." 
 
 "How?" 
 
 " Oh, that was not all. I bought fuel, too." 
 
 " What, with one Dime ?" 
 
 " Yes, with one Dime ! I bought two 
 cents' worth of coke, because that is cheaper 
 than coal, and because I could kindle it with 
 a piece of paper in my little furnace, with 
 two or three little bits of charcoal that some 
 careless boy had dropped in the street just 
 in my path. "With three cents I bought a 
 scraggy piece of salt pork, half fat and half 
 lean. There might have been half a pound 
 of it the man did not weigh it. Now half 
 my money was gone, and the show for 
 breakfast, dinner, and supper was certainly a 
 very poor one. With the rest of my Dime I 
 bought four cents' worth of white beans. By 
 the-by, I got these at night, and soaked them 
 in tepid water on a neighbor"? stcve till 
 
282 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 morning. I had one cent left. I bought one 
 cent's worth of corn meal, and the grocery 
 man gave me a red-pepper pod." 
 
 " What was that for ?" 
 
 "Wait a little you shall know. Of all 
 things, peppers and onions are appreciated 
 by the poor in winter, because they help to 
 keep them warm. With my meal I made 
 three dumplings, and these, with the pork 
 and the pepper-pod, I put into the pot with 
 the beans and plenty of water (for the pork 
 was salt), and boiled the whole two hours ; 
 and then we had breakfast, for it was time 
 for the children to go to school. We ate one 
 of the dumplings, and each had a plate of 
 the soup for break fast, and a very good 
 breakfast it was. 
 
 " I kept the pot boiling as long as my coke 
 lasted, and at dinner we ate half the meat, 
 half the soup, and one of the dumplings. 
 We had the same allowance for supper ; and 
 the children were better satisfied than I have 
 sometimes seen them when our food has cost 
 five times as much. The next day we had 
 another Dime it was all I could earn for all 
 
A LESSON LEARNED. 283 
 
 I could get to do two pairs of men's draw- 
 ers each day, at five cents a pair and on 
 that we lived lived well. We had a change, 
 too, for instead of the corn meal and beans I 
 got four cents' worth of oat- meal and one 
 cent's worth of potatoes small potatoes, be- 
 cause I could get more of them. I washed 
 them clean, so as not to waste anything by 
 paring, and cut them up and boiled them all 
 to pieces with the meat and meal." 
 
 " Which went furthest?" 
 
 " I can't say. We ate it all each day, and 
 did'nt feel the want of more, though the 
 children said : 'Ma, don't you wish we had 
 a piece of bread-and-butter, to finish off 
 with?' It would have been good, to be 
 sure ; but, bless me ! what would a Dime's 
 worth of bread and butter be for my family ? 
 But I had another change next day." 
 
 " What, for another Dime ?" 
 
 " Yes ; that was all we had, day after day. 
 We had to Ine on it. It was very hard, to 
 be sure ; but it has taught me something." 
 
 "What is that?" 
 
 "That poor folks could live a great deal 
 
284 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 cheaper and better than they do, if they only 
 knew how to economize their food. You 
 have told them how, but they are slow to 
 learn, or loth to change from foolish old 
 practices." 
 
 "What was your next change?" 
 " Oh, yes, I was about to tell you that. 
 Well, I went to the butcher's the night be- 
 fore, and bought five cents' worth of little 
 scrap pieces of lean beef, and I declare I 
 think I got as much as a pound, and this I 
 cut up into bits, and soaked over night an 
 all-important process for soup or a stew 
 cooking it in the same water. Then I bought 
 two cents' worth of potatoes and one cent's 
 worth of meal that made the eight cents ; 
 two had to go for fuel every day, and the 
 paper I got my purchases in served for kind- 
 ling. The meal I wet up into stiff dough, 
 and worked out into little round balls, about 
 as big as grapes, and the potatoes I cut up 
 into slices, and all together made a stew, or 
 chowder, seasoned with a small onion and 
 part of a pepper-pod that I got with the po- 
 tatoes. It was very good, but it did not go 
 
WHAT QUOD CAN BE DONE WITH A DIME? 285 
 
 quite so far as the sonp either day, or else 
 the fresh meat tasted so good that we wanted 
 to eat more. But I can tell you, small as it 
 may seem to you, there is a great deal of 
 good eating in one Dime." 
 
 So there is what a pity everybody don't 
 know it ! What a world of good might be 
 done with a Dime ! 
 
 Reader, have you got a Dime that is, to 
 spare only one Dime 1 Give it to that poor 
 widow. Give it ! No ; you owe it. She 
 has given you twice its value, whether you 
 are one that will feast to-day on a dollar, or 
 be stinted with a Dime. She has taught you 
 what you never knew before the value 
 of one Dime. 
 
 "What a, pity so many should be thrown 
 away ! What a pity we could not teach this 
 lesson of economy in food to the thousands 
 who will suifer before spring for the Dimes 
 wasted, through ignorance, when Dimes were 
 plenty ! Knowing how to use a Dime might 
 often save a family from suffering from 
 beggary from degradation. 'Tis a small coin. 
 What if you invest it here, and give this 
 
286 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 article to those who would profit by learning 
 how they can live, and satisfy the hunger of 
 five persons, all day for one Dime. 
 
 Yes, it is a small coin ten will buy this 
 book. What if you invest it, and give the 
 book to some one who will profit by its 
 lessons. Some have already. So hope we 
 all will, and that it will be to them dimes 
 saved ; so that all who give will feel that it is 
 only paying a debt ; as a correspondent does, 
 who says : " I feel that I owe that poor 
 widow ten dimes for what she has taught me 
 about economy in living. As far as the 
 matter of providing daily food for herself 
 and family is concerned, she is probably 
 independent ; but she wants to properly 
 clothe and educate those four dear little ones. 
 Please hand her the inclosed. I have never 
 yet been driven to the alternative of limiting 
 myself and family to one solitary Dime a 
 day ; but do not know how soon such may 
 be the case, when our legislators are doing so 
 much to strangle the energies of our indus- 
 trial population." 
 
 Now this is one of the pleasant evidences 
 
DYING TO LIVE. '287 
 
 that this article upon economy in food is do- 
 ing its mission. 
 
 But I must tell the writer that I did not 
 do with his dollar as he bid me. I did not 
 give it to that poor woman. Before I could 
 see her, another came one I knew one who 
 did live neat and respectable, and respected 
 by all who knew her, as wife or widow of an 
 honest, hard-working city carpenter ; who 
 dying, as we all must, left her, at thirty-eight 
 years old, with five children under fifteen. 
 
 What a task a living death ! Dying that 
 they might live. With feeble health a toil- 
 worn and torn constitution her children 
 sickly sick for want of accustomed food 
 and comforts that came with the father's 
 daily wages, and were daily spent, so that 
 when death came, and custom fashion, 
 with its inexorable law demanded a costly 
 coffin and an expensive " last home" in con 
 secrated ground for the dead, there was no 
 living left for the living no home and food 
 and fire for a family of whom it had been 
 said, " HOVJ well they live !" Yes, they 
 lived well, as the word goes they did not 
 
288 ECONOMY ILLUST1JATED. 
 
 live by the laws of economy. It was a les- 
 son never taught in their school. It was a 
 need they had never needed. They need it 
 now. Now, when a Dime is more than a 
 dollar then. Now, when for one whole week, 
 for that feeble, tender-reared American 
 woman and for four hungry children, who 
 never, till their father's death, knew the want 
 of a full meal ; they have known it often 
 since for a whole week, the only food that 
 entered the widow's desolate home, was two 
 dimes' worth of dear bakers' bread. 
 
 The only fire was made of two pecks of 
 -coal. For food and fuel for five persons, not 
 five, but seven days, three dimes and a half 
 was all they had, and that was not economi- 
 cally expended, as was the Dime of which 
 you read, because the woman did not under- 
 stand the art ; and it was no time to learn it, 
 and her children starving the while. Just as 
 well might you tell the drowning man to 
 hold on, and you would read him a disserta- 
 tion upon the art of swimming. Just as well 
 might you tell the hungry dog that the bone 
 he stole to him was useless, because he knew 
 
STARVING WITHOUT DYING. 289 
 
 not the art of making soup. Three dimes 
 and a half a week for a whole family ! That 
 is not the art of economy it is the art ot 
 starving to death without dying. It might 
 sustain a family in the woods of Kentucky, 
 where fuel is worthless, and corn but a Dime 
 a bushel, as I have often seen it sold. It is 
 dearer now very much dearer here and no 
 teaching of economy can tell a woman how 
 to live upon so little. 
 
 It was to this woman that I gave the man's 
 ten dimes. I gave her, too, what another 
 " friend of the poor" had sent me some 
 clothes and shoes for her children ; for of the 
 latter they had none, and of the former, only 
 the garb that makes them feel they are but 
 beggars. Yet they are not they are true- 
 born American children. Perhaps, children 
 of parents that did not practice economy, 
 and did not lay up a store out of dimes 
 wasted. Yet these should not be left to 
 waste. It is poor economy to waste good 
 flesh and blood hands, heads, hearts, souls 
 of our fellow- creatures. 
 
 Yet, without the economy of saving such 
 13 
 
290 ECONOMY .ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 from waste, to worse than waste they must 
 
 g- 
 Economy in food would save all from 
 
 want. 
 
 Economy in clothes would clothe all the 
 destitute. 
 
 Economy in drink would make all rich, for 
 that is all waste. 
 
 There are six thousand drinking places in 
 New York city. At many of these, every 
 drink is a Dime. One hundred dimes a day 
 for the average sales is within the limits of 
 truth. SIXTY THOUSAND DOLLAKS ! 
 
 The amount drank at private tables is as 
 much more. The loss of time and property, 
 counting all the lives that rum has slain, is 
 sixty thousand more, among our six hundred 
 thousand people, every day. 
 
 Work out the sum ; see how much it is per 
 week per month per year and then tell 
 me if economy in drink would not make all 
 rich, or, at least, leave none in want of bread, 
 it would make a fund to feed the poor. 
 
 A Dime for a cigar ! What of it ? 
 
 Simply that it is not economy. Whether 
 
DIMES WASTED. 291 
 
 a dime or a mill, it is, in a year, ten millions 
 of dimes wasted. 
 
 Go count the stores on Broadway that sell 
 cigars only, and see how many that pay a 
 thousand dollars ten thousand dimes a year 
 for rent alone ! 
 
 Then count in one walk from the Battery 
 to Union Square, how many men men I- 
 boys bipeds things with hair and legs, that 
 are burning out life and cigars at the same 
 time, and you will readily believe that there 
 is in this city one hundred thousand men if 
 men they be who burn up a Dime a day in 
 tobacco. 
 
 How much is that a year ? Three hundred 
 and sixty-five thousand dimes thirty-six 
 thousand five hundred dollars ! How many 
 poor women and children that would feed 
 and clothe, and send to school, to church, 
 and into the ways of life, and hope, and hap- 
 piness, to be men and women, and not pining 
 slaves of want, living upon a Dime a day ! 
 
 How many lessons of economy would all 
 these wasted dimes teach ! They teach us 
 one great lesson now. It is this : it is not 
 
ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 economy to smoke. And perchance some of 
 those who will puff the fetid odor of their 
 bad breath and tobacco in your face while 
 you read of this great waste of dimes, will 
 laugh at your study and practice of economy 
 in living, and die and leave their families 
 to live, as best they may, upon a Dime 
 a day. 
 
 ECONOMY IN FUEL. So here let us give 
 them another lesson in economy the economy 
 in making af/re, not at the end of a cigar, 
 for in that there is no economy, however 
 made; yet in that economy might be prac- 
 ticed but in making a fire in the family 
 stove, range, or grate, where anthracite coal 
 is used. 
 
 Coal will not ignite without being first 
 heated to a red heat with wood. Wood is 
 costly. A load a city load of pine wood 
 costs about two and three-fourth dollars. It 
 is called a third of a cord. It is hardly an 
 honest fourth. It is two cents a pound. It 
 is usually cut by the sawyer three times. It 
 should be cut six. It never should be cut by 
 hand. That is not economy. It is cut six 
 
ECONOMY IN FUEL. 293 
 
 times by machine for the same price of three 
 by hand, and it is split finer and better, 
 without additional cost, by an ax driven, like 
 the saw, by steam. 
 
 It is no longer economy to buy wood by 
 the load, and have it cut and split upon the 
 pavement before your door, for two reasons : 
 it costs more, and burns more. It never 
 will be split fine enough. The finer the 
 better, if part of it be mere splinters. Then 
 a small piece of paper and a match will serve 
 to kindle. Put the wood all in a close bunch 
 in the middle of the grate, with a small 
 quantity of small pieces of coal over it. 
 When these are heated, add more, a little at 
 a time, until all is hot, and you will have a 
 good fire. Economy in kindling a fire will 
 save one half the cost of wood. Enough 
 may be saved in every family in kindling 
 wood alone to give a peck of coal to some 
 needy one every day. 
 
 'Tis a small bunch of wood that costs a 
 Dime. I have sometimes seen it used to 
 kindle one fire ; and often seen the grate 
 filled heaping full of coal that had to be all 
 
294 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 removed after the paper and wood had burned 
 out, because the builder had never studied 
 the art and economy of kindling a fire. 
 
 Never, whether rich or poor, suffer your 
 cinders or uuburned bits of coal to be wasted 
 in the ash-barrel. Measure for measure, they 
 are worth more than coal. Save them, soak 
 them, try them. Water renovates the coke, 
 and wet cinders upon a hot coal fire will 
 make it hotter, and keep it so longer than 
 fresh coal. 
 
 Saving cinders is not meanness, it is econ- 
 omy. 
 
 To learn how to kindle a fire, is learning a 
 useful lesson for life. It is a useful study of 
 economy. Remember its teachings, for the 
 time may come when it will be worth to you 
 more than a Dime. 
 
 Let me repeat, while you listen : in short, 
 have your kindling wood short, and all in a 
 close pile over your crumpled paper. If it 
 is set up like a stack, all the better to ignite. 
 Put on small coal in small quantities till your 
 fire burns bright ; then add wet cinders, and 
 then you will save a Dime a day. 
 
WASTED FUEL. 295 
 
 No young gent or lady should ever be al- 
 lowed a servant to kindle a fire in their own 
 room. It is bad economy. General Wash- 
 ington always kindled his own fire. Are you 
 better than him ? Besides the economy and 
 advantage of learning the art of making a 
 fire in your room, there is in the practice a 
 positive economy of health. 
 
 WASTED FUEL. The want of economy in 
 fuel does not all belong to the city. We 
 have a lesson for the country as well. It is 
 the economy of chips. 
 
 CHIPS. This is a small word, but it has a 
 big meaning. What should we do without 
 chips chips of wood not " chips and por- 
 ridge," for that is poor diet not " chips of 
 the old block," for the old block is often an 
 old blockhead not, however, a greater one 
 than he that has chips and does not save 
 them carefully in a dry place to kindle his 
 fire. Chips are equally valuable in town or 
 country, yet they are the most wasted in the 
 latter, for there they are left in the woods or* 
 at the wood- pile to rot, and by many farmers 
 they are not even used for manure. Herein 
 
296 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 the city, those who make chips rarely save 
 them, but there are hosts of men and women 
 and little boys and girls constantly engaged 
 in picking up every chip that is thrown in 
 the street, or that the workman hews from 
 his timber wherever they are permitted to 
 come. So important are chips in the city, 
 where nearly all our fuel is anthracite coal, 
 that ingenious mechanics have built ma- 
 shines to make chips to saw and split 
 whole shiploads of wood into chips, which 
 are sold by the barrel to families or retailed 
 by the grocer in bundles. We have often 
 noticed the eagerness with which the little 
 folks, who are always looking out for a waif, 
 seize upon a small strip that has been swept 
 into the street. " Waste not a chip," should 
 be a standing motto in every family in town 
 and country. Country reader, have you a 
 wood-house? And if you have, have you a 
 storeroom for chips? If you have neither, 
 you may be an honest man, and may not be 
 ja sloven, and may not have a scolding wife ; 
 but we want an indorser for your word upon 
 all these points. No country house was ever 
 
CHIPS WORTH SAVING. 297 
 
 complete in its arrangements that had not a 
 chip-room where all the chips may be saved, 
 and where dry kindling-wood can always be 
 found. None of the many wastes about a farm 
 are worse than the waste of chips. None of 
 the conveniences of life are more convenient 
 than chips. What a glorious fire is that in the 
 great kitchen fireplace, made of a green log, 
 a seasoned fir-stick and middle-wood, topped 
 off with the two-bushel basket full of chips! 
 But their great value is to kindle the fire, 
 either in the old fireplace, or modern grate, 
 or fashionable stove. Now is the season of 
 making chips ; now is the time to save chips 
 not by throwing them down at the bottom 
 of the wood-house to mold and always be 
 damp, but carefully laid up in a dry loft. 
 Even with those who saw their wood, there 
 are splinters and dry bits to save, and we 
 have no doubt, when the economy of fuel is 
 well understood, that all saw-dust will be 
 saved and compounded with pitch, so as to 
 make good kindling. But there is so much 
 comfort in chips that we do not understand 
 how anybody can waste them. Only think 
 13* 
 
298 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 of the convenience of a handful of dry chips 
 from the chip-room, next summer, to boil 
 the teakettle. If you have no wood-house 
 nor chip-room and we believe a few farmers 
 have neither we conjure you to cut your 
 Bummer fire-wood in winter cut it up 
 ready to burn, and pile it up in the form of 
 a hay-stack, with the chips on top. So, you 
 save your chips. 
 
 Now a word about the economizing of fuel 
 in city and country. Open fireplaces and 
 grates are the most wasteful of heat, though 
 they are, probably, the most saving of 
 health. Red-hot stoves in close rooms are 
 among the abominations of the age. They 
 save heat and waste health. The best plan 
 to warm a house for a family is to place a 
 large stove in the hall, and then you can 
 have the room-doors open, and in moderate 
 weather thus warm the rooms ; and in colder 
 days a small fire in a stove or grate in 
 the room will make it comfortable, and 
 give you a free circulation of air at the 
 same time. Houses with " modern improve- 
 ments," of course, are heated with hot-air 
 
HEAT WASTED. 299 
 
 furnaces ; some of them are hot-air abomina- 
 tions. The perfection of heating our dwellings 
 has not yet been reached, nor will it be, until 
 we build them with hollow walls and floors, 
 and double windows, and introduce heated 
 air into all the cavities. As houses are now 
 constructed and warmed, we not only waste 
 the chips, but we waste one half the heat 
 generated by our fuel. It is high time that, 
 in more senses than one, we should save the 
 chips. 
 
 We should like to know the per centage or 
 waste of coal upon all that is burned in pri- 
 vate houses in this city, where grates seem 
 to have been constructed with, apparently, 
 little or no object in view, except waste, both 
 of heat sent up the chimney, and unburned 
 coal sent to the ash- barrel. 
 
 The latter is so great as to afford constant 
 employment to some thousand persons, who 
 are constantly going about gathering the 
 fragments of coal from the ashes ; and still 
 thousands of tons every year are carried off 
 in the ash-carts to fill up and build out some 
 wharf whereon to land more coal. Th 
 
300 "ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 waste of heat in our consumption of fuel is, 
 to say the least, full one half. In fact, if all 
 the wasted heat of all our coal-burning fires 
 in the city were saved and properly distrib- 
 uted, it is likely that the consumption would 
 be reduced to one fourth the present quantity ; 
 because it has been demonstrated in the 
 heating of large buildings, that heat could be 
 carried any required distance in pipes, as well 
 as gas or water, and by surrounding the pipes 
 in the ground with suitable non-conduct- 
 ing substances, very little heat would be lost. 
 FIRE KJNDLERS. Melt three pounds of resin 
 in a quart of tar, and stir in as much saw- 
 dust and pulverized charcoal as you can, and 
 then spread the mass upon a board till cool, 
 and then break it into lumps as big as your 
 thumb. You can light it with a match, and 
 it will light a fire, for it burns with a strong 
 blaze. It is economical of time and money. 
 It may cost three shillings, and save ton 
 shillings' worth of wood. 
 
 FBOM Savin? and Wasting, or Domestic Economy Illustrated 
 by the Life of Two Families ol Opposite Habits and Practices, 
 iu a pleasant tale of real life, full of useful lessons in Housekeep- 
 ing, and hints' How to Live, How to Have, and How to be Rappy. 
 By Solon Robinson, $1.25 >>y mail post-paid. 
 
 S. R. WELLS & Co., Publishers, 737 JJroadway, New York. 
 
ECONOMY IN FOOD. 301 
 
 CHAPTEK XI. 
 
 ECONOMY IN FOOD-WHAT SHALL WE EAT ? 
 
 [Published in The Tribune, Nov. 14, 1855.] 
 
 Economy in Food Remedy for Hunger Abuses of car 
 Market System Economy in Buying Fashionable Beef 
 Nutrition in Food What shall we Buy ? Cheap Food 
 Incontrovertible Facts How to Cook Hominy Hominy 
 Recipes -A Corn Meal Loaf What shall we Eat ? etc 
 
 WITH the present prices of rent, fuel, meat 
 bread, flour, meal, sugar, potatoes, and other 
 staple articles of supply for a family in New 
 York, it only requires but a slight insight 
 into the condition of all the laboring class 
 to see that the cry frequently raised for an 
 increase of wages is only the disguised cry 
 of the hungry for food. Daily wages are 
 daily consumed ; and often the only means 
 of support for a week is the weekly credit of 
 the butcher, baker, and grocer. This is never 
 given except at an increased profit, and a 
 little too often at a profit obtained by palpa- 
 ble. swindling in lightweights and measures, 
 of which the victims dare not complain, for 
 
302 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 
 
 fear of losing the " accommodation," as the 
 credit is called. While work lasts the labor- 
 er can live ; when it fails, he has nothing in 
 store to fall back upon. Whoever, then, will 
 make known to this class how to economize 
 in their food, so as to increase the supply 
 without an increase of expenditure, will be 
 doing them a greater benefit than he would 
 in a life-long harangue on politics, either 
 Hard Shell, Soft Shell, or no shell. 
 
 We need not repeat here how hard it is for 
 those dependent upon daily employment to 
 furnish their families with suitable food, at a 
 time when, from sickness or other cause, they 
 are not in receipt of wages. 
 
 Too often, at such times, there is deep suf- 
 fering ; and sometimes actual starvation. 
 
 Will it be any better next winter, now so 
 rapidly approaching, that it sends a shudder 
 through many a family circle who remember 
 what scenes they have passed through in 
 January, February, and March ? 
 
 There has been, there is now, there will be 
 much suffering for food in this city, notwith- 
 standing our receipts of tens of thousands, 
 
REMEDY FOR HUNGER. 303 
 
 
 
 weekly, of butchers' animals, and our mil- 
 lions of bushels of corn, and wheat, and rye, 
 and oats, and barley, and buckwheat, and 
 beans, and peas, and rice, for breadstuffs, and 
 daily ship-loads of potatoes of both kinds, and 
 untold piles of other edible roots and vegeta- 
 bles, and great storehouses full of flour, butter, 
 cheese, fish, fruit, eggs, poultry, and salted 
 meats, and a thousand unnamed articles of 
 food ; yet the mass are not full fed, and why ? 
 Because they do not know how to eat. Not 
 that they lack the animal function of con- 
 suming ; but in providing, both in the pur- 
 chase of kind and quality, and in the prepa- 
 ration, there is a lamentable want of judg- 
 ment, and utter want of economy. The 
 want of food among the poor is a great evil. 
 It breeds discontent, dissipation, crime, and 
 ruin to any civilized society. 
 
 There is a remedy. 
 
 It would be greater charity to teach that 
 remedy than to establish soup-houses. 
 
 The first step would be to change our 
 fashion of food; to abandon such articles as 
 are excessively dear in the raw state, for 
 
304: ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 others equally good and more nutritious, 
 and to adopt a different and more rational 
 plan of cooking. This would not only 
 promote economy, but health ; both of 
 which would add vastly to our stock of 
 enjoyment. 
 
 Without exception, both rich and poor in 
 America eat extravagantly of animal food, 
 cooked in the most extravagant and waste- 
 ful manner ; by frying, baking, roasting, or 
 boiling, and throwing away half of the nutri- 
 tious matter in burned gravy, or gelatine dis- 
 solved in the pot liquor. 
 
 Again, we consume vast quantities of the 
 meanest and most innutritions vegetables, 
 costly at first, and cooked in the most fool- 
 ishly wasteful manner. The fashion of ex- 
 travagance in living is set by the rich, and 
 they are aped in their folly by the poor. 
 The consequence is, that there are want 
 and suffering whenever work and wages 
 fail. 
 
 There is a remedy. The only question is, 
 how it shall be applied ? Better than charity 
 would be organisations, not to provide food 
 
ABUSES OF OUR MARKET SYSTEM. 305 
 
 foi the poor, but to teach them what to buy, 
 and how to use it ; how to economize their 
 money. 
 
 The very first step toward this blessed 
 state of things should be taken by our city 
 government, if indeed we have such a thing 
 left to us, by removing all restrictions upon 
 the producer, by which he is kept away from 
 the consumer. "We pay now an average of 
 thirty-three per cent, advance upon every 
 thing that is eaten in New York, over and 
 above what we should pay if these restric- 
 tions were removed. 
 
 Let every one who has bought a head of 
 cabbage this fall, think what he paid. Six, 
 ten, or twelve cents each, while the produ- 
 cer has not received an average of two cents 
 each. The turnip-eaters are paying every 
 day at the rate of one to two dollars a bushel. 
 The producer is receiving an average of less 
 than twenty cents. We pay for many things 
 in the same proportion, owing to our absurd 
 and wicked market regulations. 
 
 The producer is kept away from the con- 
 sumer He is not permitted to come into the 
 
306 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 city and enjoy the advantages of " free trade" 
 in his own produce. Why ? The city fathers 
 say we have no room nowhere for him to 
 stand his wagon, where the poor mart or the 
 poor woman may come with her market basket 
 upon her arm, and get it filled at first prices, 
 Under the present market regulations, all 
 the country wagons are huddled into the 
 cramped space around Washington Market, 
 where none but stout men, or a class of mar- 
 ket bullies can get to them ; for, in addition 
 to the crowding, the wagons are driven out 
 at seven o'clock in the morning. The city 
 fathers say they can not amend this error, 
 because they have nowhere else to put the 
 wagons. Give producers a chance to sell to 
 consumers, and it will cheapen family mar- 
 keting in this city to a very large class of 
 consumers, full twenty-five per cent. Make 
 a market-place for country wagons, and there 
 let them stand and sell their stuif from sun 
 rise till ten o'clock, at retail, with no privi- 
 lege, until after that hour, of selling at whole- 
 Bale, or leaving the stand, unless their load 
 is all sold out. 
 
ECONOMY IN BUYING. 307 
 
 This is a measure of relief to the poor, 
 easily brought about; one that would pro- 
 duce real economy in food. 
 
 Our city makes paupers, first by thwart- 
 ing the laborer in his facilities to get cheap 
 food, and then by the soup-house system of 
 feeding those who are unable, through mis- 
 fortune, to obtain a supply. 
 
 But this is foreign to our main subject 
 economy in kind and quality of food for the 
 industrious poor. 
 
 They do not study economy in their pur- 
 chases. All kinds of fresh meat cost from 
 ten to twenty cents a pound, and very few 
 Americans are willing to take low price 
 meats ; and generally those who can least 
 afford it, call for a rib roast, or a loin steak 
 of beef, or a leg of lamb or mutton, or a loin 
 of veal or pork ; and rarely for the most eco- 
 nomical pieces. A rib roast of six pounds 
 for a dollar, in a poor man's family, is 
 slightly extravagant; the cqoking more so. 
 The Jews' religion in eating meat is founded 
 on true economy. They eat only the fore 
 quarters, and sell the more expensive, and 
 
308 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 less valuable hind quarters, to the Gentiles. 
 The fore quarter will not cut steaks and 
 roasts equal to the hind quarter, but it is 
 more economical for soups, stews, pot-pies, 
 or cooking in any form with vegetables and 
 gravy. The following exhibit will show 
 those who will have nothing but choice cuts 
 of beef why they have to pay so high for 
 them it is because nobody will buy any 
 thing but choice cuts. It is the universal 
 complaint of all the first-class butchers that 
 they can not sell their coarse meat, and 
 " plates and navels" are a drug upon the 
 packer's hands at six cents a pound. Now a 
 good bullock, whose quarters will weigh 800 
 pounds, will cut up and sell at about the 
 following figures : 
 
 "Weight Free per Ib. Amount. 
 
 Ribs 130 * 13c. $16 90 
 
 Hips and loins 130 13 1690 
 
 Chucks 140 6 8 40 
 
 Buttocks, rump, and socket . . 130 9 11 70 
 
 Plates and navel 90 6 5 40 
 
 Shoulders, clods, and<brisket. .100 6 6 00 
 
 Tops of sirloin and fat 40 9 3 60 
 
 Legs and shins 46 3 1 05 
 
 Total 800 #59 06 
 
FASHIONABLE BEEF. 309 
 
 Weight Price per Ib. Amount. 
 Hide 85 5 $ 4 25 
 
 Fat 90 8 7 20 
 
 Tongue, 50c. ; feet, 25c 75 
 
 Fhe bullock, at lOc. per Ib., costs $80 seUs for. . . $83 15 
 
 Now it is a fact that a great portion of 
 the above, rated at six, eight, and nine cents, 
 is equally good, and would be more eco- 
 nomical, at the same price per pound, than 
 that rated at thirteen cents ; but fashion dic- 
 tates, and folly buys ribs and loins, and for 
 this the butcher must charge high, because 
 he can not get any body to buy the other 
 parts at cost. And so fashion and folly keep 
 up the price of beef. The man or woman 
 with scanty means, to fill the market basket, 
 not only buys dear meats, but crude, innu- 
 tritions vegetables, such as cabbage, turnips, 
 and potatoes ; for, notwithstanding so many 
 persons think potatoes a necessary article of 
 food, they are not an economical one ; and 
 all the cruder substances of vegetable food, 
 though necessary and healthful, should not 
 be sought after because cheap, to save money. 
 
 The most economical mode of preparing 
 
310 ECONOMY ILLLSTRATED. 
 
 food is a due mixture of meat and vegetable 
 substance in the form of soups ; but no man 
 should live upon soup alone, any more than 
 he should upon meat or fine flour bread. 
 Health, as well as appetite, requires variety. 
 It happens, now that breadstuff's, notwith- 
 standing the high price of bread and flour, 
 are the cheapest of all human food ; and it 
 also happens that by our slavery of fashion 
 we do not use tire cheapest kinds of this kind 
 of cheap food. 
 
 The following are the retail prices of some 
 of the principal articles of food in New York, 
 Oct., 1855 : 
 
 Flour, per bbl $12 00 per lb., 6c. 
 
 Sago " " 8 to 9c. . 
 
 Farina " " 12 to 15c 
 
 Bread " " 6|c. 
 
 Corn meal, per cwt 2 75 to $3 00 " " 3^c. 
 
 Buckwheat meal, per cwt. 3 00 to $3 50 " " 3 to 4o 
 
 Barley meal, per cwt 300 " " 3 to 4c. 
 
 Oatmeal, per cwt 4 00 to $4 50 " " 5 to G^c. 
 
 Rye flour, per bbl 7 00 " " 4 to 4c. 
 
 Hominy, per cwt 4 00 " " 5c. 
 
 Cracked wheat, per cwt. . 5 50 " " 6c. 
 
 Split peas, per bushel 2 25 " " 4c. 
 
 Whole peas, per bushel... 250 " " 60. 
 
 White beans, per bushel.. 200 " " 4 to 5c. 
 
 Dried sweet corn, per bus. 4 50 " " 10 to 12. 
 
 Bice, per cwt 5 00 " 6 to ? 
 
NUTRITION IN FOOD. 311 
 
 Potatoes, per bbl., $1 50 to $1 75 ; per bushel, 75 cents; 
 per lb., lc. 
 
 Macaroni and vermicelli, 11 to 12 cents per lb. 
 
 Sugar, 8 to 11 cents per lb. 
 
 Butter, per lb., averages 28 cents. Cheese, 12 to J4 
 cents. 
 
 Apples, per bbl., $2 to $3 50; per bushel, $1 average. 
 
 All kinds of meat, salt and fresh, and all sorts of fish, 
 will average 12 cents a pound to the buyer of small 
 quantities. 
 
 Eggs are worth 25 cents per dozen, which is about 18 
 cents per lb. A dozen eggs, average size, will weigh one 
 pound six ounces. 
 
 Turnips, per bushel, 25 cents ; carrots, 50 cents ; beets, 
 50 cents ; onions, 75 cents ; cabbage, about 2 cents a pound. 
 
 Dried fruits, per lb. Apples, 7 to 8 cents ; pears, 15 to 
 20 cents ; plums, 8 to 14 cents ; cherries, 15 to 20 cents ; 
 peaches, 15 to 18 cents ; raisins, 8 to 12 \ cents. 
 
 The following is the proportion of nutri- 
 tious matter and water in each of the follow- 
 ing substances : 
 
 Lbs. Substances. Lbs. nut mat Lbs. water 
 
 100 Wheat flour 90 10 
 
 100 Corn meal 91 9 
 
 100 Rice 86 14 
 
 100 Barley meal 88 12 
 
 100 Rye flour 79 21 
 
 100 Oatmeal 75 25 
 
 100 Potatoes 22 77 
 
 100 White beans 95 5 
 
 100 Carrots 10 90 
 
 100 Turnips 4$ 95 
 
 100 Cabbage 1\ 92J 
 
 100 Beets 16 86 
 
 100 Strawberries.. . 10 . ,.90 
 
312 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 Lbs. Substances. Lbs. nut mat. Lbs. water 
 
 100 Pears 16 84 
 
 100 Apples 16 84 
 
 100 Cherries 25 75 
 
 100 Plums 29 71 
 
 100 Apriccte 26 74 
 
 100 Peaches 20 80 
 
 100 Grapes 27 73 
 
 100 Melons 3 97 
 
 100 Cucumbers 2 97$ 
 
 Meats, generally, are about three fourths 
 water, and milk, as it comes from the cow, 
 over ninety per cent. How is it as it comes 
 from the milkmen ? 
 
 It is true that this chemical analysis does 
 not give us the exact comparative value of 
 food, but with that, and the prices of the 
 various articles, it can not be a hard matter 
 to determine what is the cheapest or most 
 economical kind of food for us to use. 
 
 Perhaps of all the articles named, taking 
 into account the price and nutritious quali- 
 ties, oatmeal will give the greatest amount 
 of nutriment for the least money. But 
 where will you find it in use? Not one 
 family in a thousand ever saw the article ; 
 not one in a hundred ever heard of it, and 
 many who have heard of it have a vague 
 
WHAT SHALL WE BUT? 313 
 
 impression that none but starving Scotch or 
 Irish ever used it ; and, in short, that oats, 
 in America, are only fit food for pigs and 
 horses. 
 
 It is a great mistake. Oatmeal is excel- 
 lent in porridge, and all sorts of cooking of 
 that sort, and oatmeal cakes are sweet, nutri- 
 tious, and an antidote for dyspepsia. Just 
 now, we believe oats are the cheapest of any 
 grain in market, and it is a settled fact that 
 oats give the greatest amount of power of 
 any grain consumed by man or beast. 
 
 This cheap food only needs to be fashion- 
 able, to be extremely popular among all 
 laborers, all of whom, to say nothing of 
 other classes, eat too much fine flour bread. 
 
 Cracked wheat and loaf bread cost the 
 same price, or perhaps a less price for the 
 wheat by the pound. A pound of the wheat, 
 properly cooked, is worth more than four 
 pounds of bread. 
 
 Hominy, samp, hulled corn, we have so 
 often recommended and urged upon the at- 
 tention of all, both rich and poor, as cheap, 
 wholesome, nutritious food, that we 
 14 
 
314 ECONOMY ILLUSTBATKD. 
 
 induced many to try it, who would not give 
 it up now under any consideration. We re- 
 iterate all that we have ever said in its favor. 
 Thirty years' experience in its use only serves 
 to confirm us in the opinion that it is such 
 excellent and economical food, that too much 
 can not be said in its favor. The only thing 
 necessary in its cooking, is to cook it enough 
 it can not be cooked too much. 
 
 Every family should eat beans and peas, 
 Decause of all articles they afford the most 
 nutriment for the least money. 
 
 One pound of cheap meat, say at ten 
 cents, and one pound of split peas, say five 
 cents, will give a fuller dinner to a family 
 than a dollar expended for beefsteak and 
 white bread. This is a kind of economy 
 that should be known, and rigidly practiced. 
 
 One bushel of white beans will feed more 
 laboring men than eight bushels of potatoes. 
 The beans will cost two dollars, potatoes six. 
 
 A single quart of beans costs nine cents ; 
 a half pound of salt pork, six cents ; a pound 
 of hominy, five cents ; and that will give a 
 meal to a larger family than a dollar's worth 
 
CHEAP FOOD. 315 
 
 or roast beet, white bread, potatoes, and 
 other vegetables. 
 
 We would not confine the laborer or the 
 poorest family to this cheap food ; but we do 
 insist that it is their duty to substitute such 
 food, occasionally, in place of that which is 
 more expensive, and thus, by saving, lay up 
 a few dollars in the savings bank to save 
 themselves from the mere life-saving con- 
 trivance, the soup-house. 
 
 We hope never to see another of these 
 pauper-making establishments in operation 
 again in this city. Let men think twice be- 
 fore they open another one. 
 
 But let every one think of the economy of 
 making a soup-house at home. We spoke 
 of pea-soup. Is there any living witness of 
 that good old Yankee dish of cheap food, 
 called bean porridge? Let it be revived in 
 every family among the rich as a luxury, 
 and among the poor as an article of economy. 
 
 There is another Yankee dish besides bean 
 soup and baked beans that we should like to 
 see revived, and that is the baked Indian-meal 
 pudding ; and this brings us to Indian bread, 
 
316 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 a mixture of two thirds corn meal and one 
 third lye meal, not rye flour, which makes 
 most delicious bread. at less than one half 
 the cost of wheat flour. 
 
 "We could go on a long time pointing out 
 the errors of living, in which economy is lost 
 sight of, if we thought the wished-for efiect 
 would be produced. We urge all to think 
 of what we have said, and that one of the 
 best things that can be done for the poor is 
 to teach them practical economy in every- 
 day life. 
 
 No charitable societies have ever done so 
 much good to the poor by the distribution of 
 food as they could do by printing and put- 
 ting into the hands of every family a little 
 tract containing practical lessons of economy 
 in the art of living well and living cheap 
 an art that would prevent the waste of food, 
 and lessen the expense of first purchases, 
 and increase the nutritious qualities, while 
 it added immensely to the table enjoyment 
 of every family. 
 
 In a great majority of cases it may be set 
 down as an incontrovertible fact that want 
 
INCONTROVERTIBLE FACTS. 317 
 
 comes of waste, and waste comes of want of 
 knowledge of the properties of different arti- 
 cles of food, and how to combine them so as 
 to produce the most beneficial effect. 
 
 It may be . set down as another incontro- 
 vertible fact, that no class of people can 
 want food and remain virtuous. Their de- 
 generacy, both physically and morally, is 
 certain. It is our religious duty, then, to 
 study and teach economy in food, and the 
 art of living better and cheaper ; more in ac- 
 cordance with the principles that promote 
 health, vigor, intellectual capacity, comfort, 
 happiness, and morality of the human family. 
 
 How much good would come of it if we 
 should practice upon the text that forms the 
 title of this article! Let those who read and 
 think first set the example ; the unthinking 
 will follow, and their children will rise up 
 and call them blessed. 
 
 I think that I can afford to devote ane 
 chapter to a dissertation upon 
 
 HOMINY. 
 
 Hominy we have before given our opinion 
 
318 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 upon. It is an article that no family, desir- 
 ous of practicing economy, can do without. 
 It is a very cheap, healthy, nutritious food. 
 It usually costs only half the price per pound 
 of flour, and contains no moisture, while the 
 best of flour holds from twelve to sixteen 
 pounds of water in a barrel. 
 
 I have known potatoes, hominy, and white 
 beans to be all sold at the same price, $2 50 
 a bushel, and rice but a little dearer. If a 
 man can afford to eat fried gold for break- 
 fast, boiled bank-notes for dinner, and roast- 
 ed dollars for supper, he can afford to eat 
 potatoes cooked in the same way, and not 
 otherwise, at such high prices. In point of 
 economy as human food, one bushel of beans 
 or hominy is equal to ten of potatoes. 
 
 It is surprising how little is known of this 
 nutritious, healthy food ; and what an excel- 
 lent substitute it is for potatoes during the 
 continuance of the disease among them, 
 which renders some that are fair to the eye 
 unfit for food, and all exceedingly dear, even 
 at the present rate of about one dollar and 
 a half a bushel as an average cost to the 
 
HOW TO CO>K HOMINY. 319 
 
 consumer in New York, in December, 
 1855. 
 
 Hominy, too, is a dish almost as univer- 
 sally liked as potatoes, and at the South it is 
 more freely eaten ; while at the North it is 
 seldom seen. In fact, it is an unknown food 
 except to a few persons in cities. By hom- 
 iny, we do not mean a sort of coarse meal, 
 but grains of white corn from which the hull 
 and chit, or eye, has been removed by moist- 
 ening and pounding in a wooden mortar, or 
 patent hulling machine, leaving the grains 
 almost whole, and composed of little else but 
 starch. It has often been said, not one cook 
 in ten knows how to boil a potato. We may 
 add another cipher when speaking of the 
 very simple process of cooking hominy. 
 We give the formula from our own experi- 
 ence, and from instructions received in a 
 land where "hog and hominy" are well 
 understood. Wash slightly in cold water, 
 and soak twelve hours in tepid, soft water, 
 then boil slowly from three to six hours in 
 same water, with plenty more added from 
 time to time with great care to prevent burn- 
 
320 ECONOMY TI^USTRATED. 
 
 ing. Don't salt while cooking, as that or hard 
 water wil\ harden the corn ; so it will peas or 
 beans, green or dry, and rice also. When 
 done, add butter and salt ; or a better way is 
 to let each one season to suit the taste. It 
 may be eaten with meat in lieu of vegetables, 
 or with milk, sugar, or syrup. It is good, hot 
 or cold, and the more frequently it is warmed 
 over, it is like the old-fashioned pot of 
 
 ** Bean porridge hot, or bean porridge cold, 
 Bean porridge best at nine days old." 
 
 So is hominy ; it is good always, and very 
 wholesome, and, like tomatoes, only requires 
 to be eaten once or twice to fix the taste in 
 its favor. 
 
 In this city the article is called samp, and 
 the name hominy is given to corn cracked in 
 a mill, and winnowed and sifted, and num- 
 bered according to its fineness. 
 
 It is cheap, healthy food. I have thought 
 proper to add a few of the ways in which 
 hominy may be used. 
 
 HOMINY BREAKFAST CAKE>. Mash the cold 
 hominy with a rolling-pin, and add a little 
 flour-and-milk batter, so as to make the 
 
HOMINY RECIPES. 321 
 
 whole thick enough to form into little cakes 
 in the hand, or it may be put upon the grid- 
 dle with a spoon. Bake brown, eat hot, and 
 declare you never ate any thing better of the 
 batter-cake kind. 
 
 HOMINY AND MILK, hot or cold, is as mnch 
 better than mush and milk as that is better 
 than rye-meal porridge. 
 
 HOMINY PUDDING. Prepare as for batter 
 cakes, add one egg to each pint, some whole 
 cinnamon, sugar to suit the taste, and a few 
 raisins, and bake like rice pudding. A little 
 butter or chopped suet may be added. Serve 
 hot or cold, with or without sauce. 
 
 HOMINY SALAD. To a pint of cold hominy 
 add a small onion, a quarter of a boiled 
 chicken, or about the same quantity of lob- 
 ster, chopped fine, to which some add a 
 small pickle. To be dressed with sweet oil, 
 mustard, pepper, and vinegar. It is a very 
 good substitute for green salads at seasons 
 when the latter can not be obtained. 
 
 HOMINY AND BEANS. Mix equal parts of 
 cold baked beans and hominy together, and 
 heat up, and you will have an excellent dish. 
 14* 
 
822 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 HOMINY BEATING. We presume we have 
 heard of a still evening, while floating in our 
 skiff down the Ohio Eiver, in days 
 
 " Long, long ago," 
 
 a hundred hominy mortars in operation, as 
 this is or was a common occupation of the 
 negroes' evenings, beating their favorite food. 
 
 Of late years, throughout the South, the 
 ground hominy, or cracked corn, has in a 
 great measure driven the old hominy mortar 
 out of use. This is cooked in the same way, 
 by soaking and boiling, until it becomes 
 gelatinous, and then, when cold, if cut in 
 slices and fried in a little fat, will often be 
 eaten in preference to any other bread. 
 
 At the South, negroes prefer corn meal to 
 wheat flour, pound for pound. It is ground 
 very coarse, and frequently eaten, hulls and 
 all, in preference to sifting. 
 
 The full allowance for a laboring man or 
 woman one that toils all the hours of day- 
 light in the field is a peck and a half of 
 corn meal and three and a half pounds of fat 
 bacon. In the cotton States the average 
 price of the corn is about seventy-five cents 
 
A CORN MEA1 LOAF. 323 
 
 a bushel, and the price of the bacon eight 
 cents a pound. This would make the week's 
 rations cost fifty-six cents a week. At still 
 higher rates, it would not be a dime a day ; 
 in many places, not half that. In many 
 places, though, the negroes do not get half 
 the above rations. In this city a peck and a 
 half of meal and three and a half pounds of 
 bacon would average a cost of ninety cents. 
 Few would be willing to live upon that 
 alone. It would not be good economy to do 
 so. It would be good economy for us all to 
 use more Indian corn meal. I offer to those 
 who will try the economy as well as palata- 
 bleness of a loaf of wheat and Indian bread, 
 the following good receipt : 
 
 To two quarts of Indian meal add boiling 
 vater enough to wet the same ; when suffi- 
 ciently cooled, add one teaspoonful of salt, 
 half a pint of yeast, one teaspoonful of sale- 
 ratus, one half teacupfnl of molasses, and 
 flour enough to form it into a loaf (it should 
 not be kneaded hard) ; when light, bake two 
 hours in a well-heated oven. (It should be 
 until brcwn.) 
 
324 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATE! 
 
 All corn bread should be cooked a long 
 time. The negroes often bury the dough in 
 the hot embers all night. 
 
 Economy in cooking is as much required 
 as economy in purchasing the food. 
 
 Domestic happiness is greatly (Jependent 
 upon the manner in which the cooking de- 
 partment of the household is managed, whe- 
 ther by the mistress or a hireling. 
 
 A cook who can make a good loaf of 
 bread, boil a potato aright, or broil a mut- 
 ton chop properly, is one of a thousand, and 
 perhaps she would not know how to make a 
 pot of mush, because it is so seldom made, 
 where its use would promote both health 
 and economy. 
 
 Despising household duties is one of the 
 sins of American women. A woman need 
 not be a drudge, or slave to care, but still be 
 the director of all the household affairs. 
 The woman, whatever her position and 
 wealth, who attends to her own housekeep- 
 ing affairs, reaps her reward in improved 
 health and freedom from lassitude, which 
 ghe suffers through neglect of exercise. 
 
WHAT SHALL WE EAT? 325 
 
 Many a mother has unwittingly pampered 
 her children's appetites till she has created 
 disease, and inbred into their natures profli- 
 gacy and selfishness. If the economy of 
 food was understood, it would save many 
 errors. Nothing that is unwholesome for 
 children should be ever set before them. 
 
 How many doctors' bills are made by in- 
 attention to diet! 
 
 This is poor economy. So it is to despise 
 any of the little matters about household ex- 
 penses, that would save the expenditure of 
 money. 
 
 Look how much you could save in a year, 
 or decade of years, by this simple text 
 
 WHAT SHALL WE EAT? 
 
 It is one of the most frequent and most 
 unanswerable questions in the human family. 
 
 With a hard winter every winter is hard 
 for the poor before us with the cold winds 
 of the dreary month of December peering 
 into every crack of our houses with labor 
 scarce and wages low, particularly to every 
 woman who depends upon the work of her 
 fingers for food with a large population out 
 
326 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 of employment with suffering staring all in 
 the face who depend upon daily wages, and 
 make no daily provision for a day of trouble 
 with the price of food, and fuel, and rent 
 as high as it is in this city, it behooves every 
 one to inquire : What shall we eat? 
 
 When wages are two dollars a day, the 
 laboring man may eat roast beef and plum 
 pudding ; but if he does so often, he knows 
 little of economy. 
 
 We can not cheapen food, but we can eat. 
 cheaper food ; and whatever will tend to 
 teach those who look long at a Dime before 
 they spend it, what to buy, will be to them 
 a blessing. Whatever I can show them 
 what to eat, less expensive than their accus- 
 tomed diet, should be at once adopted. 
 Although I may repeat something said be- 
 fore in these pages, I shall make the follow- 
 ing suggestions upon this page : 
 
 Fresh meat of all kinds, at the prices at 
 which butchers retail it, is not economical 
 food. Meats will average over a shilling a 
 pound. Salted meats are cheaper than fresh. 
 In economizing food, meat should never be 
 
COOKING MEAT. 327 
 
 fried or boiled. If you would get the most 
 substance out of fresh meat, make it into 
 soup, or stew, or pot-pie. In making soup, 
 soak your meat some hours in cold water, 
 and boil it in the same. Thicken with beans, 
 peas, rice, barley, hominy, or broken bread. 
 The best meat is th-e most . economical for 
 soup. Do not buy bones. 
 
 If you boil meat to eat, never put it in 
 cold water. Let it be boiling when you put 
 the meat in the pot. Do not buy fresh meat 
 a pound or two at a time. Buy a quarter or 
 half a sheep. You get it at half price. 
 Beef or pork by the quarter is a quarter 
 cheaper. 
 
 True, the woman with the Dime can not 
 partake of this advantage. Many families 
 can that do not. Many could unite, one 
 with another, and buy at wholesale rates. 
 It is a kind of economy, worth more than a 
 Dime. Look at the " flour leagues" that 
 ha\ 7 e been formed in the Eastern States, by 
 which families have obtained their flour one 
 or two dollars cheaper in a barrel. So the 
 man who studies economy may save a dime 
 
ECONOMY ILL JSTKATED. 
 
 here, a dollar there, which at last will amount 
 to an eagle. 
 
 A dollar saved upon a barrel of flour is 
 equal to a gift of sixteen loaves of bakers' 
 bread. Bat, I repeat, do not buy your bread 
 ready baked. It is sixpence a pound. Dry 
 flour is the same price. Home-made bread 
 is far more nutritious. 
 
 RYE AND INDIAN BKEAD. Here is a good 
 receipt for making this cheap, wholesome 
 bread : 
 
 Stir and mix most thoroughly two quarts 
 of Indian corn meal with a tablespoonful of 
 salt and a quart of boiling water, or enough 
 to wet every grain of meal. When the mush 
 cools to milk-warm, stir in one quart of rye 
 meal, and a teacupful of good yeast, which 
 you will first mix with half a pint of warm 
 water, so that the yeast will be more evenly 
 diffused. With the rye meal add water 
 enough to make the n .ass a stiff dough, but 
 not as hard or tough as flour. It must be 
 kneaded with the hands. \Rememher rye 
 meal is not rye flour. It is the product of 
 the whole grain.] Put the dough in a ]>:m, 
 
GOOD BREAD. 329 
 
 and pat it smooth with a wet hand. It will 
 rise in an hour, in a warm place, enough to 
 bake, and should be put in a hot oven, and 
 remain three hours ; or, if all night, all the 
 better. 
 
 We should make greater use of home-made 
 bread, and then we should escape the dele- 
 terious adulterations of the baker, not half 
 of which have I mentioned. 
 
 Every family, whether rich or poor, or in 
 town or country, should make it a religious 
 duty to make use of more corn meal, oatmeal, 
 Graham flour, hominy, and tracked wheat 
 for bread, in preference to fine wheat flour, 
 both for health and economy. Look at the 
 relative retail prices per pound of these 
 articles on page* 310, and see which will give 
 the most nutriment for the least money ; not 
 which will afford you the most fashionable 
 bread. If white fine flour was not fashion- 
 able, or if people did not think that brown 
 bread has a look of poverty, we should have 
 the brown bread upon every table, for it is not 
 only more economical, it is more nutritious 
 and more healthy, particularly for children. 
 
330 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 We do not eat oatmeal in this country to 
 any extent, and yet it is the most nutritious 
 breadstuff ever used by man. Look at the 
 Scotch with their oatmeal porridge as ro- 
 bust a set of men as ever lived. 
 
 A Highlander will scale mountains all day 
 upon a diet of oatmeal stirred with his fin- 
 ger in water, fresh from a gurgling spring, 
 in a leather cup. Another excellent, though 
 little used breadstuff, particularly for the 
 sedentary, or persons of costive habits, is 
 cracked wheat, or wheaten grits, as the arti- 
 cle is called. That and Graham flour should 
 be used in preference, at the same price per 
 pound, to white flour, because more healthy 
 and more nutritious. One hundred pounds 
 of Graham flour is worth full as much in a 
 family as one hundred and thirty-three pounds 
 of superfine white flour. Corn meal usually 
 costs less than half the price of flour. It is 
 worth twice as much. It is not so economi- 
 cal in summer, because it takes so much fire 
 to cook it. The first great error in preparing 
 corn meal is in grinding it too much, and 
 next in not cooking it enough. Corn meal 
 
PORK AND BEANS. 331 
 
 mush should boil two hours ; it is better if 
 boiled four, and not fit to eat if boiled less 
 than one hour. Buckwheat flour should 
 never be purchased by a family who are 
 obliged to economize food. It is dear at any 
 price, because it must be floated in dea. 
 butter to be eaten, and then it is not healthy. 
 Oatmeal makes as good cakes as buckwheat, 
 and far more nutritious. But it is more nu- 
 tritious, and is particularly healthy for chil- 
 dren, in the form of porridge. 
 
 PORK AND BEANS. Perhaps I run the risk 
 of ridicule by reiterating here, what I have 
 so often asserted, that white beans, at the 1 
 ordinary prices, in most places, if not all, 
 are the cheapest, because the most nutritious 
 of all vegetables. Beans enter very largely 
 into the diet of the inhabitants of some 
 countries. This is particularly the case in 
 Mexico. Baked beans, with s^t pork, used 
 to be one of the most common dishes in New 
 England. I have read somewhere that Pro- 
 fessor Liebig has stated that pork and beans 
 form a compound of substances peculiarly 
 adapted to furnish all that is necessary to 
 
332 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 support life, and give bone, muscle, and fat, 
 in proper proportions, to a man. This food 
 will enable one to perform more labor, at 
 less cost, than any other substance. A quart 
 of beans, eight cents, half a pound of pork, 
 six cents, will feed a large family for a day, 
 with good strengthening food. 
 
 BEAN PORRIDGE is another of the old- 
 fashioned dishes of New England. We 
 should call it bean soup now. Four quarts 
 of beans and two pounds of corned beef, 
 " boiled to rags" in fifty quarts of water, 
 would give a good meal to fifty men one 
 cent a meal. 
 
 POTATOES NOT CHEAP FOOD. Potatoes 
 should be utterly abandoned by the poor, 
 when a dollar a bushel is the selling price. 
 They can not afford to eat them. Potatoes 
 sell, at wholesale, for an average of two dol- 
 .ars a barrel, which is eighty-seven and a 
 aalf cents a bushel. At retail, the poor pay 
 two dollars a bushel, or about four cents a 
 pound, which is about as much as corn meal; 
 more than half as much as fine flour ; nearly 
 as much a bushel as beans, while one bushel 
 
DEAR VEGETABLES. 333 
 
 of the latter are worth, for food, as much as 
 a cart-load of potatoes. All other vegetables 
 are still more uneconomical than potatoes. 
 Carrots are the cheapest of all roots. But 
 they are but little used as human food, though 
 very nutritious. They are good, simple boiled, 
 and eaten with a little butter or meat gravy. 
 They should always form an ingredient of 
 soup. They are sold by the quantity, at 
 fifty Cents a bushel. Turnips are dear at 
 any price. There is more nutriment in a 
 quart of carrots than in a bushel of turnips. 
 They are eighty-two per cent, water. Cab- 
 bage is nutritious, but very expensive. Buy 
 very little of it if your money is short. 
 Dried sweet corn is an article that all per- 
 sons are fond of. It sells for four dollars to 
 five dollars a bushel, which weighs forty-two 
 pounds, and would retail at about ten cents 
 a pound. We don't know about the econ- 
 omy of eating it, as compared with other 
 breadstuffs, but as compared with coarse 
 vegetables it is immeasurably cheaper. A 
 pound of sweet corn cooked to be eaten with 
 meat, is worth more than three pounds of 
 
334 fcuONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 extra meat. It is also very excellent and 
 nutritious mixed in the bean soup. 
 
 Another very excellent, nutritious, econo- 
 mical article of food is dried peas. They are 
 generally a little more costly than beans, but 
 Borne think they will go further. At any 
 rate they are good for a change. It would 
 be good for a change for those who are put 
 to their wits' end to know how to get food 
 enough to feed their families, if any thing 
 that we have said shall put them in a way 
 of changing some of their old habits, so as 
 to buy such articles as will satisfy hunger, 
 while giving them health and strength, for 
 less than half the money they are now 
 expending, though living only half comfort- 
 ably. 
 
 That the laboring man must eat meat is a 
 fallacy. I have seen thousands of laboring 
 men, in South Carolina, who never eat meat. 
 Thousands of others do not eat meat, or 
 food made of meat, oftener than once a 
 week. Half a bushel of sweet potatoes is a 
 common allowance for rice-field hands a 
 Week. Sometimes it is a peck of rice, or 
 
VITIATED APPETITES. 335 
 
 meal, with soup, one day in. the week, made 
 by boiling fifteen pounds of meat, with crude 
 vegetables, in eighty quarts of water. Upon 
 such diet men are healthy, if not strong. 
 
 Dyspeptic persons may enjoy a full meal 
 without meat vastly to their benefit. Bread 
 and potatoes ; or bread, potatoes, and apples ; 
 or bread, potatoes, apples, and squash ; or a 
 hundred other combinations. A full diet 
 does not consist in any given number or 
 kind of articles ; but on the proper quantity 
 and quality of some or all kinds of food. 
 Because the appetite craves meat, does not 
 prove it necessary, any more than the crav- 
 ings of vitiated appetites after rum and to- 
 bacco. Still, I do not recommend all to dis- 
 card meat. I only ask them to exercise 
 more economy in its purchase and prepara- 
 tion. 
 
 TEA AND COFFEE. As I do not discard 
 meat from the poor man's diet, the poor 
 woman will of course console herself with 
 the hope that I shall not discard tea and 
 coffee. 
 
 I will compromise the matter by allowing 
 
336 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 her tc retain Hack tea, if properly made, 
 though it certainly is not a necessary article 
 upon any table. 
 
 If black tea is steeped a few minutes in 
 the usual way of making green tea, the de- 
 coction is acrid and unpalatable. If boiled 
 steadily for fifteen to thirty minutes, the 
 resinous substance is dissolved and the flavor 
 entirely changed. 
 
 I never use green tea, and never recom- 
 mend it to be used, because it is a manufac- 
 tured article, frequently colored with delete- 
 rious drugs. COFFEE I never use, because 
 experience taught me, by a long trial of 
 daily use, and subsequent well-managed ex- 
 periments upon myself, that it was the cause 
 of all my severe suffering from nervous and 
 sick headaches. Because I know this, I have 
 discarded its use. Coffee is not food. 
 
 And certainly for all those who buy stuff 
 called "ground coffee," I would recommend 
 as equally nutritious, and far more healthy, 
 a decoction of burned crusts, burned bran, 
 burned rye, burned peas, burned carrots, 
 and many other cheap substances; and if 
 
HEALTHY 1XRINKS. 337 
 
 not aromatic enough, buy the " essence of 
 coffee," and add a few drops. If not bitter 
 enough, add quassia chips. If not astringent 
 enough, you can get that quality from oak 
 bark, cheaper than the coffee berry. 
 
 Asparagus seeds, treated just like coffee, 
 make a decoction undistinguishable from the 
 real Mocha or Java. 
 
 But as long as pure water pours down 
 Niagara Falls, the same element may be 
 poured down all our throats far more eco- 
 nomically, and far more healthily, than 
 any decoction of berries, roots, beans, 
 grain, or any brewing or distillation of the 
 same. 
 
 Of the economy of water used freely upon 
 the exterior also, as well as for drink, I could 
 not say too much, and yet have not room to 
 say but these few words. 
 
 If you wash all over every morning with 
 cold water as a regular habit, and use noth- 
 ing but cold water for drink, you can work 
 all day in a cold room without feeling the 
 want of fire, and your health will be such 
 Jiat you will relish plain, coarse food, and 
 15 
 
338 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 thus will enjoy the benefit of economy in a 
 three-fold sense. 
 
 VENTILATION. Next to the neglect of water 
 and, in fact, it should rank first is the 
 neglect of air. The very worst economy is 
 that which poisons people with dwellings 
 that have no VENTILATION. 
 
 " "Wherever we go, we find a lamentable 
 ignorance of the laws which govern the hu- 
 man system. Among the laws of health, no 
 one, perhaps, merits our serious attention 
 more than that of fresh air. It may be said 
 with truth, that not one building in a thou- 
 sand, in this country, is properly ventilated. 
 This is especially the case with regard to our 
 school-houses, churches, halls, and other pub- 
 lic buildings, where large bodies of people 
 frequently congregate. In our churches it is 
 almost impossible for any one not to be 
 struck with the deficiency in means of ven- 
 tilation; and even the slight means which 
 are at hand are generally disregarded: the 
 doors are closed, and windows kept down in 
 stifling hot weather, as though fresh air were 
 poison, and by no means to be inhaled ex 
 
VENTILATION. 339 
 
 eept at long and painful intervals. A few 
 moments' sitting convinces any one accus- 
 tomed to breathing real and substantial air, 
 that he is killing himself by degrees a feel- 
 ing of drowsiness overcomes him, and it re- 
 quires an effort on his part to prevent him- 
 self from falling asleep, and nodding perhaps 
 unwilling coincidence with the doctrines held 
 forth in the pulpit. It is no extraordinary 
 thing for us to see men and women asleep in 
 church, and it is very common to hear people 
 declaim against it as a sin of the first magni- 
 tude. In our opinion the sin consists in 
 going where fresh air is a rarity, and thus 
 inhaling poisonous and baleful air, to the 
 great detriment of health and happiness. 
 Let churches, school-houses, and all other 
 public and private establishments, be venti- 
 lated properly, and there will be no difficulty 
 in keeping people awake with a very ordi- 
 nary sermon or lecture." 
 
 In all our tenant houses the same thing pre- 
 vails in an aggravated form, and will continue 
 until, we have a Board of Health possessed 
 of power to guard the health of the people. 
 
340 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 WASTE. What a little word this is; but 
 what a big meaning it has ! It seems to be 
 in some way inseparably connected with 
 every transaction and every act of our lives. 
 Even life itself is one continual waste ani- 
 mals and plants, from maturity to death ; 
 but that is natural waste nature obeying 
 nature's laws. The waste that we commit is 
 unnatural and contrary to the laws of pro- 
 priety and common sense. 
 
 Look into every kitchen ; not only at the 
 fat in the fire, but at the wasteful manner in 
 which all of our cooking is done ; besides 
 the waste of food at the table. See how that 
 delicate appetite made delicate by waste 
 picks out a few choice morsels and carelessly 
 casts the rest aside to go to waste. 
 
 It is safe to say that more food is wasted 
 every day in this city than is eaten ; not 
 alone in the kitchen or at the table, but in 
 our markets and store-houses, where whole 
 cargoes of grain, meal, flour, meat, fish, 
 fruits, and vegetables are continually being 
 wasted through bad packing or bad manage* 
 merit. 
 
WASTE. 341 
 
 What a wa^te, too, are all of our retail 
 purchases; and, because it is fashionable, 
 uying food that wastes the most. 
 
 r s it any wonder that the poor suffer for 
 food after committing such extravagant 
 waste? Look at that man paying a dollar 
 and a half the price of a whole day's work 
 for a rib-roast of beef, to be cooked in the 
 most wasteful way, when one half the money 
 expended in a cheaper piece of meat, cooked 
 in a different manner, with vegetables, bread, 
 and gravy, would serve his family twice as 
 long. But not so fashionable and genteel. 
 No, and not so wasteful. Almost the whole 
 system of American cookery is based upon a 
 state of things that existed when we had such 
 a surplus of food that the idea of waste was 
 not taken into account. 
 
 There was a time, within but a few years 
 past, at the West, when wheat could be pur- 
 chased for twenty-five to forty cents a bushel, 
 corn for ten or fifteen cents, pork for one to 
 two cents a pound, and other things in pro- 
 portion. It would be idle to talk to people 
 about saving every iota of such cheap food. 
 
34-2 ECONOMY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 To some extent the same cheapness has 
 prevailed all over America, until the people 
 have fallen into wasteful habits, both in 
 keeping, cooking, and eating their food, that 
 need reform. 
 
 It is probable that one half of the cooking 
 in the kitchens of private families, in this 
 city, is done by Irish servants, who possessed 
 no higher art when they landed upon our 
 shores than is required to boil and roast 
 potatoes, or make an oatmeal cake or mess 
 of porridge. The only art of saving they 
 have any knowledge -of is not to have any 
 thing to save. All that should be saved is 
 hurried out of sight in the basket of some of 
 their own countrymen at the basement door, 
 thereby encouraging another great waste 
 the waste of time of these lazy beggars. 
 
 Some men waste their lives in finding out 
 cunning inventions, which they hide under 
 a bushel, or in some other wasteful place, 
 where their light never can shine out upon 
 the world, for he wastes both time and 
 money in not letting the world know where 
 he keeps his wares for sale. Neglecting to 
 
NEATNESS ORDER ECONOMY. 34:3 
 
 advertise is a waste of common sense, and 
 of that there is a greater waste than of all 
 other commodities in this great community. 
 
 Finally, we have only touched upon food 
 and fuel, the two most important items of 
 waste in our economy of life, without touch- 
 ing a host of others equally deserving notice. 
 
 But we have said many things that may 
 be read with profit by every person who 
 loves neatness, order, economy, good food 
 well cooked, and all the Home Comforts of 
 life in city or country. And all such we 
 ask to read this book, from title-page to 
 
 FINIS. 
 
FOWLEB 
 
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